Westwood Pissay Neg
| Tournament | Round | Opponent | Judge | Cites | Round Report | Open Source | Edit/Delete |
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| Apple Valley | 5 | Eden Prarie AK | Fabrice Eitienne |
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| Apply Valley | 2 | Lake Highland Prep PS | Sam Anderson |
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| Apply Valley | 4 | Minnetonka MW | Jacob Nails |
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| Basis Brandeis Bash | 2 | Legacy of Educational Excellence JS | Maddie Aguilar |
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| Basis Brandeis Bash | 3 | Dripping Springs DH | Harley Hensley |
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| Berkeley | 2 | Cogito CL | Brianna Aaron |
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| Berkeley | 3 | Marlborough MS | Lawrence Zhou |
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| Berkeley | 6 | Mission AA | Gordon Krauss |
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| Heart of Texas | 1 | Marlborough SL | Dillon Johnson |
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| Heart of Texas | 6 | Peninsula AB | Aaron Timmons |
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| Heart of Texas | 3 | Wenatchee JK | James Stuckert |
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| Jack Howe | 3 | Harvard Westlake LM | Diana Alvarez |
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| Jack Howe | 2 | Marlborough ED | Joel Lemuel |
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| Jack Howe | 5 | Peninsula AB | Brett Boelkens |
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| Longhorn Classic | 4 | Round Rock SV | Felicity Park |
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| Meadows | 4 | Immaculate Heart ES | Joel Lemuel |
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| Meadows | 1 | Proof DR | Amy Nyberg |
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| Meadows | 6 | Marlborough JK | Gabriela Gonzalez |
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| NDCA | 2 | Durham SA | Briajia Levi |
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| NDCA | 3 | Immaculate Heart JL | Arjun Garg |
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| NDCA | 4 | Apple Valley KW | James Stuckert |
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| Woodward | 1 | Vestivia Hills TP | Cameron Lange |
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| Woodward | 5 | Durham RL | Vanessa Nguyen |
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| Woodward | 5 | Durham RL | Vanessa Nguyen |
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| all | 1 | no | no |
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| all | 2 | all | no |
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| all | 1 | no | no |
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| Tournament | Round | Report |
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| Apple Valley | 5 | Opponent: Eden Prarie AK | Judge: Fabrice Eitienne 1AC - Util |
| Apply Valley | 2 | Opponent: Lake Highland Prep PS | Judge: Sam Anderson 1AC - Agonism |
| Apply Valley | 4 | Opponent: Minnetonka MW | Judge: Jacob Nails 1AC - Structural Violence |
| Basis Brandeis Bash | 2 | Opponent: Legacy of Educational Excellence JS | Judge: Maddie Aguilar 1AC - Outer Space Treaty |
| Basis Brandeis Bash | 3 | Opponent: Dripping Springs DH | Judge: Harley Hensley 1AC - Settlerism |
| Berkeley | 2 | Opponent: Cogito CL | Judge: Brianna Aaron 1AC - Ilaw OST |
| Berkeley | 3 | Opponent: Marlborough MS | Judge: Lawrence Zhou 1AC - corporate coloniolism |
| Berkeley | 6 | Opponent: Mission AA | Judge: Gordon Krauss 1AC - licensing |
| Heart of Texas | 1 | Opponent: Marlborough SL | Judge: Dillon Johnson 1AC - Covid Waiver |
| Heart of Texas | 6 | Opponent: Peninsula AB | Judge: Aaron Timmons 1AC - EU Vaccines |
| Heart of Texas | 3 | Opponent: Wenatchee JK | Judge: James Stuckert 1AC - AC - Syn Bio |
| Jack Howe | 3 | Opponent: Harvard Westlake LM | Judge: Diana Alvarez 1AC - Covid |
| Jack Howe | 2 | Opponent: Marlborough ED | Judge: Joel Lemuel 1AC AC - Innovation |
| Jack Howe | 5 | Opponent: Peninsula AB | Judge: Brett Boelkens 1AC - Vaccine Apartheid |
| Longhorn Classic | 4 | Opponent: Round Rock SV | Judge: Felicity Park 1AC - Agroculture |
| Meadows | 4 | Opponent: Immaculate Heart ES | Judge: Joel Lemuel 1AC - Covid |
| Meadows | 1 | Opponent: Proof DR | Judge: Amy Nyberg 1ac- evergreening |
| Meadows | 6 | Opponent: Marlborough JK | Judge: Gabriela Gonzalez 1AC - Covid |
| NDCA | 2 | Opponent: Durham SA | Judge: Briajia Levi 1AC - Antitrust |
| NDCA | 3 | Opponent: Immaculate Heart JL | Judge: Arjun Garg 1AC - Space Stations |
| NDCA | 4 | Opponent: Apple Valley KW | Judge: James Stuckert 1AC - Whole Rez |
| Woodward | 1 | Opponent: Vestivia Hills TP | Judge: Cameron Lange 1AC - Cybersecurity |
| Woodward | 5 | Opponent: Durham RL | Judge: Vanessa Nguyen 1AC - US Multilat Debris |
| Woodward | 5 | Opponent: Durham RL | Judge: Vanessa Nguyen 1AC - US Multilat Debris |
To modify or delete round reports, edit the associated round.
Cites
| Entry | Date |
|---|---|
0 - Contact InfoTournament: all | Round: 1 | Opponent: no | Judge: no Email: akhileshpissay@gmail.com | 3/12/22 |
1 - DisclosureTournament: all | Round: 2 | Opponent: all | Judge: no Quality research: disclosure promotes quality research and in-depth engagement. Clash – disclosing solves predictability and allows debaters to prep for arguments before tournaments. Means, 1NC and 1AR blocks will become better because debaters can more easily form a coherent strategy. Strategy outweighs because it allows for in-depth argumentation and coherent rebuttals. Even if it's a new aff disclosure ensures a) you are actually reading a new aff b) helps use see what kind of debater you are. Key to education because it creates better argumentation. | 9/25/21 |
1 - Disclosure - OSTournament: Woodward | Round: 5 | Opponent: Durham RL | Judge: Vanessa Nguyen 1GenericInterp: All debaters must disclose all broken positions on the NDCA LD wiki. The disclosure must include tags, analytics, complete citations, including page numbers, and the full text from each piece of evidence. The disclosure must occur within 30 minutes of the start of the round.Violation: Standards –1~ Quality research: disclosure promotes quality research and in-depth engagement.Nails 13. Jacob Nails debated on the high school LD national circuit and now debates for Georgia State University, 10-10-2013, "A Defense of Disclosure (Including Third-Party Disclosure) by Jacob Nails," NSD Update, http://nsdupdate.com/2013/10/10/a-defense-of-disclosure-including-third-party-disclosure-by-jacob-nails/ RS AND , backfiles and briefs would have done LD in a long time ago. 2~ Accessibility – Not all debaters have access to research libraries like JSTOR or Lexis Nexis. Additionally, not all debates have access to coaches who can explain what Kant offense looks like or functions like. Disclosing full text is uniquely key to maximize clash among small schools and controls the internal link to your solvency. Limits the activity to big schools and kills participation.3~ Clash – disclosing solves predictability and allows debaters to prep for arguments before tournaments. Means, 1NC and 1AR blocks will become better because debaters can more easily form a coherent strategy. Strategy outweighs because it allows for in-depth argumentation and coherent rebuttals. Key to fairness because without strategy, debaters couldn’t win. Key to education because it creates better argumentation.Education – only portable impact from debate – we care about what we learn rather than if we were fair | 3/19/22 |
1 - Disclosure - OSTournament: Woodward | Round: 5 | Opponent: Durham RL | Judge: Vanessa Nguyen 1GenericInterp: All debaters must disclose all broken positions on the NDCA LD wiki. The disclosure must include tags, analytics, complete citations, including page numbers, and the full text from each piece of evidence. The disclosure must occur within 30 minutes of the start of the round.Violation: Standards –1~ Quality research: disclosure promotes quality research and in-depth engagement.Nails 13. Jacob Nails debated on the high school LD national circuit and now debates for Georgia State University, 10-10-2013, "A Defense of Disclosure (Including Third-Party Disclosure) by Jacob Nails," NSD Update, http://nsdupdate.com/2013/10/10/a-defense-of-disclosure-including-third-party-disclosure-by-jacob-nails/ RS AND , backfiles and briefs would have done LD in a long time ago. 2~ Accessibility – Not all debaters have access to research libraries like JSTOR or Lexis Nexis. Additionally, not all debates have access to coaches who can explain what Kant offense looks like or functions like. Disclosing full text is uniquely key to maximize clash among small schools and controls the internal link to your solvency. Limits the activity to big schools and kills participation.3~ Clash – disclosing solves predictability and allows debaters to prep for arguments before tournaments. Means, 1NC and 1AR blocks will become better because debaters can more easily form a coherent strategy. Strategy outweighs because it allows for in-depth argumentation and coherent rebuttals. Key to fairness because without strategy, debaters couldn’t win. Key to education because it creates better argumentation.Education – only portable impact from debate – we care about what we learn rather than if we were fair | 3/19/22 |
1 - FW - UtilTournament: Apply Valley | Round: 2 | Opponent: Lake Highland Prep PS | Judge: Sam Anderson I value morality.The standard is minimizing material violence/maximizing expected well being. ~To clarify I defend utilitarianism~.~2~ Actor Spec— States must use util. Any other standard dooms the moral theoryGoodin 90. Robert Goodin 90, ~professor of philosophy at the Australian National University college of arts and social sciences~, "The Utilitarian Response," pgs 141-142 RS ~3~ Ethical frameworks must be theoretically legitimate. All frameworks are functionally topicality interpretations of the word ought so they must theoretically justified. Prefer – ground – both debaters are guaranteed access to ground – Aff gets plans and advantages, while Neg gets disads and counterplans. Additionally, anything can function as an impact as long as an external benefit is articulated, so all your offense applies. B~ topic lit – most debate education comes from debating the topic, o/w phil edu – we can learn about phil in books but clash is unqiue to debate~4~ Pleasure and pain are the starting point for moral reasoning—they're our most baseline desires and the only things that explain the intrinsic value of objects or actionsMoen 16, Ole Martin (PhD, Research Fellow in Philosophy at University of Oslo). "An Argument for Hedonism." Journal of Value Inquiry 50.2 (2016): 267. ~9~ (Against NCs) Extinction comes first under any framework.Pummer 15 ~Theron, Junior Research Fellow in Philosophy at St. Anne's College, University of Oxford. "Moral Agreement on Saving the World" Practical Ethics, University of Oxford. May 18, 2015~ AT | 11/5/21 |
1 - K - Settlerism vs Extinction and Nuke WarTournament: NDCA | Round: 2 | Opponent: Durham SA | Judge: Briajia Levi Descriptions of nuclear war as an apocalypse fuels an ongoing erasure of anti-Native nuclear warfare in the form of testing and contamination. The alternative is refusal – a political depression that recognizes reconciliation will never be enough and creates harmful optimism to the political. Instead, embrace an affective pessimism that grounds alternative futures. The question is not whether Native people want the world, but if the world wants Native people | 4/9/22 |
1 - NC - Util v2Tournament: Basis Brandeis Bash | Round: 2 | Opponent: Legacy of Educational Excellence JS | Judge: Maddie Aguilar ~1~ Pleasure and pain are intrinsic value and disvalueBlum et al. 18 AND these circuits contribute to diverse pathologies, including obesity and addiction or RDS. ~3~ Extinction First –~a~ Forecloses future improvement – we can never improve society because our impact is irreversible~b~ Turns suffering – mass death causes suffering because people can’t get access to resources and basic necessities~c~ Moral uncertainty – if we’re unsure about which interpretation of the world is true – we ought to preserve the world to keep debating about it | 1/15/22 |
1 - Th - 1AR HegTournament: Apply Valley | Round: 2 | Opponent: Lake Highland Prep PS | Judge: Sam Anderson Interpretation: The affirmative may not claim the 1AR gets theory with paradigms of drop the debater, competing interps, no 2NR RVI. To clarify, you can claim these individual, just not togetherViolation: _Standards: Strat Skew – these make 1AR theory a no risk issue and irreciprocally more powerful than other neg arguments since I don't get RVIs or paradigm issues so I can't contest their shells being on the highest layer or how they frame abuse, so they are always ahead on framing since their framing goes uncontested, granting aff win on theory and no neg comeback bc of paradigm issues. 1NC paradigm issues don't solve – they get new 1AR arguments that I can't do weighing or responses to. Drop the debater and competing interps force me to overcover the shell in the 2NR, killing neg substance strat since I don't get RVIs and they get 2AR clean collapse. Outweighs on fairness – 1AR theory already has a 7-6 structural skew, so err neg – only thing quantifiableMetatheory outweighs—~1~ Norming – incoherent norms in theory means we never resolve substantive norms theory tries to fix~2~ Proceduralism – any abuse on the theory means I can't engage in the shell to prove no abuse, so metatheory controls the internal linkVoters: Drop the Debater – sets a precedent that debaters wont be abusive and time skew puts me at a disadvantage on substanceCI:~1~ Reasonability causes a race to the bottom bc debaters keep being barely reasonable magnifying abuse~2~ Collapses – we debate about a specified briteline, which is the same as an interpNo rvis:~1~ Logic- Winning theory is not a reason to vote them up- In the real world proving you are meeting a necessary rule will not give you reward. OW bc logic is the litmus test for all args~2~ Discourages checking abuse because debaters will be afraid to lose on theory.~3~ RVIs center the debate on theory instead of substance because it's the only place the round can be decided. Outweighs on time frame; we only get two months to talk about the topic and on research - where the majority of debate education occurs~4~ Counter interp—you get an RVi if I read 2 or more shells—solves skew offense | 11/5/21 |
JF - CP - Adv vs MilitarizationTournament: Basis Brandeis Bash | Round: 3 | Opponent: Dripping Springs DH | Judge: Harley Hensley ====CP text : States should create a regulatory environment framework for space.==== ====Solves the aff==== AND in space for everyone in ways that would be difficult to coordinate independently. | 1/15/22 |
JF - CP - Adv vs Multilat and DebrisTournament: Woodward | Round: 5 | Opponent: Durham RL | Judge: Vanessa Nguyen CP: The United States federal government shouldEstablish a national space debris removal program;Engage the commercial sector in space debris removal;Establish special funds at the expense of parties who generate debris;Prioritize transparency in space debris removal.US debris removal solves best — it generates international follow on BUT avoids the downfalls of international cooperation that make solvency impossible.Ansdell ’10 (Megan; is a graduate student at the George Washington University Elliot School of International Affairs, focusing on space policy; Active Space Debris Removal: Needs, Implications, and Recommendations for Today’s Geopolitical Environment; https://jpia.princeton.edu/sites/jpia/files/space-debris-removal.pdf; accessed 8/29/19; Julia/MSCOTT)ww pbj AND debris removal system as open and transparent as possible to allow for future international | 3/19/22 |
JF - CP - Adv vs Multilat and DebrisTournament: Woodward | Round: 5 | Opponent: Durham RL | Judge: Vanessa Nguyen CP: The United States federal government shouldEstablish a national space debris removal program;Engage the commercial sector in space debris removal;Establish special funds at the expense of parties who generate debris;Prioritize transparency in space debris removal.US debris removal solves best — it generates international follow on BUT avoids the downfalls of international cooperation that make solvency impossible.Ansdell ’10 (Megan; is a graduate student at the George Washington University Elliot School of International Affairs, focusing on space policy; Active Space Debris Removal: Needs, Implications, and Recommendations for Today’s Geopolitical Environment; https://jpia.princeton.edu/sites/jpia/files/space-debris-removal.pdf; accessed 8/29/19; Julia/MSCOTT)ww pbj AND debris removal system as open and transparent as possible to allow for future international | 3/19/22 |
JF - CP - EIATournament: Berkeley | Round: 6 | Opponent: Mission AA | Judge: Gordon Krauss 2CP: The United States should submit an environmental impact assessment of the appropriation of outer space by private entities to the UN Office of Outer Space Affairs for public comment, modification, and approval. The United States federal government should implement the approved version of the submitted proposal.Counterplan competes and creates the least environmentally damaging version of the aff.William R. Kramer, PhD Polisci/Futures Studies @ U of H Manoa, Currently HDR Inc. Extraterrestrial Environmental Analyst, ’14, "Extraterrestrial environmental impact assessments A foreseeable prerequisite for wise decisions regarding outer space exploration, research and development" Space Policy 30 (2014) 215-222 AND to document positive actions and research, not details of extraterrestrial environmental impacts. Extinction. EIA is key to preserve space resources, stop resource wars, and extra-terrestrial environmental damage.William R. Kramer, Hawaii Research Center for Futures Studies @ University of Hawaii, '17, In dreams begin responsibilities – environmental impact assessment and outer space development, ENVIRONMENTAL PRACTICE, VOL. 19, NO. 3, 128–138 AND know them do not take care of this problem (Mack, 2016)." | 2/20/22 |
JF - CP - EIATournament: NDCA | Round: 4 | Opponent: Apple Valley KW | Judge: James Stuckert | 4/9/22 |
JF - CP - SolarTournament: Berkeley | Round: 2 | Opponent: Cogito CL | Judge: Brianna Aaron 1NC – PIC – Solar EnergyCP Text: The appropriation of outer space by private entities is unjust except for the appropriation of the sun for Solar Energy.Space-solar tech coming now, private entities are key – it’s impossible to be weaponizedSnowden 19 (Mar 12, 2019,01:29pm EDT|48,669 views Solar Power Stations In Space Could Supply The World With Limitless Energy Scott Snowden Scott SnowdenContributor Sustainability, Forbes, https://www.forbes.com/sites/scottsnowden/2019/03/12/solar-power-stations-in-space-could-supply-the-world-with-limitless-energy/?sh=229b778b4386)//ww pbj AND across the world," said Mankins. "Why wouldn't we pursue it?" Space renewable shift is inevitable and good – squo energy habits are unsustainable, only space-solar energy solvesCrawford 10/5 (Mark Crawford is an engineering and technology writer in Corrales, N.M. Space-Based Solar Power Offers Out-of-This World Challenges Oct 5, 2021, ASME, https://www.asme.org/topics-resources/content/space-based-solar-power-offers-out-of-this-world-challenges)//ww pbj AND , "there will be surprises regarding future applications for wireless power transmission." Warming causes extinction and turns every impact – no adaptation and each degree is worseKrosofsky ’21 ~Andrew, Green Matters Journalist, "How Global Warming May Eventually Lead to Global Extinction", Green Matters, 03-11-2021, https://www.greenmatters.com/p/will-global-warming-cause-extinction~~//pranav AND increase will also mean more pandemics, devastating storms, and uncontrollable wildfires. | 2/19/22 |
JF - DA - Arctic WarTournament: Berkeley | Round: 2 | Opponent: Cogito CL | Judge: Brianna Aaron 1Lockheed Martin’s making next gen space based ISR that unites the armed forces and replaces tactical surveillance platformsErwin ’21 ~Sandra, covered the military, the Pentagon, Congress and the defense industry for nearly two decades as editor of NDIA’s National Defense Magazine and Pentagon correspondent for Real Clear Defense, "Lockheed Martin pitching mid-size satellite bus to DoD for remote sensing", 04-13-2021, https://spacenews.com/lockheed-martin-pitching-mid-size-satellite-bus-to-dod-for-remote-sensing/~~//pranav AND million square-foot satellite development and manufacturing facility in Denver, Colorado. Revisionist powers are reviving polar great power competition in the Arctic which upsets American unipolarity, but space strength in the region checks backStokes ’21 ~Nathan B., Space Operations Officer United States Navy, "A COOPERATIVE SPACE STRATEGY FOR THE ARCTIC: POLICY, STRATEGY AND OPERATIONAL ASPECTS OF POLAR GREAT POWER COMPETITION", June 2021, https://apps.dtic.mil/sti/pdfs/AD1151160.pdf~~//pranav AND S. if it seeks to maintain its regional dominance in Arctic affairs. Squo space capabilities are insufficient, but new commercial defense programs that augment and compliment U.S. capabilities build coalition resiliency which counters Sino-Russo rise in the Arctic.Stokes ’21 ~Nathan B., Space Operations Officer United States Navy, "A COOPERATIVE SPACE STRATEGY FOR THE ARCTIC: POLICY, STRATEGY AND OPERATIONAL ASPECTS OF POLAR GREAT POWER COMPETITION", June 2021, https://apps.dtic.mil/sti/pdfs/AD1151160.pdf~~//pranav AND , the United States must turn intent into action and rhetoric into reality. Arctic war causes WWIII and goes nuclear – causes extinctionKlare ’20 ~Michael, The Nation’s defense correspondent, is professor emeritus of peace and world-security studies at Hampshire College and senior visiting fellow at the Arms Control Association in Washington, D.C., "A World War Could Break Out in the Arctic", 02-11-2020, https://www.thenation.com/article/world/nato-russia-norway/~~//pranav AND it appears, an incident in the Arctic could prove the spark for Armageddon | 2/19/22 |
JF - DA - BBBTournament: Woodward | Round: 5 | Opponent: Durham RL | Judge: Vanessa Nguyen Updated reconciliation bill passes now – new Manchin agenda funds climate fully, gets Sinema on board, and progressives give in because of midterms pressureEverett and Wu 3/2 ~Burgess Everett - co-congressional bureau chief for POLITICO, specializing in the Senate since 2013, Nicholas Wu - congressional reporter at POLITICO, "Dems agonize over Manchin's wish list: Taxes, prescription drugs, climate cash", 03-02-2022, Politico, https://www.politico.com/news/2022/03/02/joe-manchin-democrat-bill-taxes-00013246~~//pranav AND provided "it’s paired with a real meaningful commitment, and actual movement." Private space exploration has united democratic support – the plan causes backlash – SPACE act provesSmith ’18 ~Lamar, American politician and lobbyist who served in the United States House of Representatives for Texas's 21st congressional district for 16 terms, a district including most of the wealthier sections of San Antonio and Austin, as well as some of the Texas Hill Country, "Lamar Smith: Space commercialization is the future", Austin-American Statesman, https://amp.statesman.com/amp/10154753007~~//pranav AND per flight for Russia to take our astronauts to the International Space Station. Manchin’s climate proposal is still a massive investment – their ev underestimates it.Davenport ‘21 ~Coral, covers energy and environmental policy, with a focus on climate change, from The Times's Washington bureau, "This Powerful Democrat Linked to Fossil Fuels Will Craft the U.S. Climate Plan", 09-19-2021 (UPDATED ON 10/08/2021), New York Times, https://www.nytimes.com/2021/09/19/climate/manchin-climate-biden.html~~//pranav AND change," Mr. Aldy, the former Obama climate adviser, said. Warming causes extinction and turns every impact – no adaptation and each degree is worseKrosofsky ’21 ~Andrew, Green Matters Journalist, "How Global Warming May Eventually Lead to Global Extinction", Green Matters, 03-11-2021, https://www.greenmatters.com/p/will-global-warming-cause-extinction~~//pranav AND increase will also mean more pandemics, devastating storms, and uncontrollable wildfires. | 3/19/22 |
JF - DA - BBBTournament: Woodward | Round: 5 | Opponent: Durham RL | Judge: Vanessa Nguyen Updated reconciliation bill passes now – new Manchin agenda funds climate fully, gets Sinema on board, and progressives give in because of midterms pressureEverett and Wu 3/2 ~Burgess Everett - co-congressional bureau chief for POLITICO, specializing in the Senate since 2013, Nicholas Wu - congressional reporter at POLITICO, "Dems agonize over Manchin's wish list: Taxes, prescription drugs, climate cash", 03-02-2022, Politico, https://www.politico.com/news/2022/03/02/joe-manchin-democrat-bill-taxes-00013246~~//pranav AND provided "it’s paired with a real meaningful commitment, and actual movement." Private space exploration has united democratic support – the plan causes backlash – SPACE act provesSmith ’18 ~Lamar, American politician and lobbyist who served in the United States House of Representatives for Texas's 21st congressional district for 16 terms, a district including most of the wealthier sections of San Antonio and Austin, as well as some of the Texas Hill Country, "Lamar Smith: Space commercialization is the future", Austin-American Statesman, https://amp.statesman.com/amp/10154753007~~//pranav AND per flight for Russia to take our astronauts to the International Space Station. Manchin’s climate proposal is still a massive investment – their ev underestimates it.Davenport ‘21 ~Coral, covers energy and environmental policy, with a focus on climate change, from The Times's Washington bureau, "This Powerful Democrat Linked to Fossil Fuels Will Craft the U.S. Climate Plan", 09-19-2021 (UPDATED ON 10/08/2021), New York Times, https://www.nytimes.com/2021/09/19/climate/manchin-climate-biden.html~~//pranav AND change," Mr. Aldy, the former Obama climate adviser, said. Warming causes extinction and turns every impact – no adaptation and each degree is worseKrosofsky ’21 ~Andrew, Green Matters Journalist, "How Global Warming May Eventually Lead to Global Extinction", Green Matters, 03-11-2021, https://www.greenmatters.com/p/will-global-warming-cause-extinction~~//pranav AND increase will also mean more pandemics, devastating storms, and uncontrollable wildfires. | 3/19/22 |
JF - DA - US SoPo -- UkraineTournament: Basis Brandeis Bash | Round: 2 | Opponent: Legacy of Educational Excellence JS | Judge: Maddie Aguilar 4US private space industry is key to American soft power – it’s doing well now, but it’s tentative and the aff collapses it.Cahan and Sadat ’20 ~Bruce Cahan is co-founder and president of Urban Logic, Inc., a New York nonprofit qualified in California, an Ashoka Fellow social entrepreneur and a Stanford CodeX Fellow, Mir Sadat is a nonresident senior fellow in the Forward Defense practice of the Atlantic Council’s Scowcroft Center for Strategy and Security. He has more than twenty-five years of experience in private industry, higher education, and the US government. Sadat is an adjunct scholar with Modern War Institute at West Point and an adjunct professor at Georgetown University. Previously, he founded and served as the first editor-in-chief of Space Force Journal after completing his detail to the US National Security Council (NSC), where, as a policy director, he led interagency coordination on defense and space policy issues. In that role, he supported the establishment of both the US Space Force and US Space Command in recognition that space has also evolved into a warfighting domain similar to land, air, sea, and cyber. While on the NSC, Sadat also prioritized national security decisions involving US civil space and the commercial space sector. He led multiple efforts to reduce US risk and critical dependencies in US civil space and the commercial industrial base on foreign nations who view the United States as an adversary. Sadat pushed for innovative US policies to power space vehicles with modular nuclear reactors, secure the space supply chain, improve strategic messaging for space, establish norms and behavior in space, and to prevail in a new era of strategic technical competition. He is also a naval officer with intelligence and space qualifications. In his preceding two naval assignments, he served as a space policy strategist with the chief of naval operations in the Pentagon and as a space operations officer with the US Tenth Fleet/US Fleet Cyber Command. Sadat has also spent a considerable amount of time in various assignments within the US national security enterprise. In addition, he has previously deployed to overseas contingency operations in Afghanistan, where he served as a strategic advisor to two International Security Assistance Force commanding generals. Sadat has served as a cultural advisor to two Hollywood productions—The Kite Runner and Charlie Wilson’s War. He has a PhD from Claremont Graduate University and has taught at various universities in California and Washington, DC. He has trained and educated US and NATO troops on a variety of topics to increase their operational capability and strategic impact. Sadat has written extensively on US national security, space, Afghanistan, South Asia, and the broader Middle East, "US Space Policies for the New Space Age: Competing on the Final Economic Frontier", 01-06-2021, https://www.politico.com/f/?id=00000177-9349-d713-a777-d7cfce4b0000~~//pranav AND , there is a real race for dominance over cislunar access and resources. Soft Power stops Russian Ukraine invasion – soft power is recovering now, but the aff upsets thatRubin 1/12 ~Jennifer Rubin, American political commentator who writes opinion columns for The Washington Post, "U.S. diplomacy is in full swing. But Ukraine is not out of the woods yet.", 01-12-2022, https://apple.news/ADgHQ0A4xSUm4CCma2cSOgg~~//pranav AND Russians look like they are just looking for a diplomatic pretext for war." Invasion goes nuclear – err neg – defense severely underestimates the riskHooper 12/28 ~Craig, Senior Contributor at Forbes, "A Ukraine Invasion Could Go Nuclear: 15 Reactors Would Be In War Zone", 12-28-2021, Forbes, https://www.forbes.com/sites/craighooper/2021/12/28/a-ukraine-invasion-will-go-nuclear-15-reactors-are-in-the-war-zone/?sh=7770c5a327aa~~//pranav AND contaminate wide portions of Europe—would simply be nuclear warfare without bombs. | 1/15/22 |
JF - DA - Xi LashoutTournament: Basis Brandeis Bash | Round: 2 | Opponent: Legacy of Educational Excellence JS | Judge: Maddie Aguilar DA - CCPXi’s regime is stable now, but its success depends on strong growth and private sector development.Mitter and Johnson 21 ~Rana Mitter and Elsbeth Johnson, Rana Mitter is a professor of the history and politics of modern China at Oxford. Elsbeth Johnson, formerly the strategy director for Prudential PLC’s Asian business, is a senior lecturer at MIT’s Sloan School of Management and the founder of SystemShift, a consulting firm. May-June 2021, "What the West Gets Wrong About China," Harvard Business Review, https://hbr.org/2021/05/what-the-west-gets-wrong-about-china accessed 12/14/21~ Adam AND University thanks to social mobility and the party’s significant investment in scientific research. Xi has committed to the commercial space industry as the linchpin of China’s rise – the plan is seen as a complete 180Patel 21 ~Neel V. Patel, Neel is a space reporter for MIT Technology Review. 1-21-2021, "China’s surging private space industry is out to challenge the US," MIT Technology Review, https://www.technologyreview.com/2021/01/21/1016513/china-private-commercial-space-industry-dominance/ accessed 12/14/21~ Adam AND for the commercial space sector as it tries to expand," he says. Shifts in regime perception threatens CCP’s legitimacy from nationalist hardlinersWeiss 19 Jessica Weiss 1-29-2019 "Authoritarian Audiences, Rhetoric, and Propaganda in International Crises: Evidence from China" http://www.jessicachenweiss.com/uploads/3/0/6/3/30636001/19-01-24-elite-statements-isq-ca.pdf (Associate Professor of Government at Cornell University)Elmer AND to it more directly than even the U.S. government."11 Xi will launch diversionary war to domestic backlash – escalates in multiple hotspotsNorris 17, William J. Geostrategic Implications of China’s Twin Economic Challenges. CFR Discussion Paper, 2017. (Associate professor of Chinese foreign and security policy at Texas AandM University’s Bush School of Government and Public Service)Elmer AND resource is directed shifts away from industrial and export production toward domestic consumption. ====US–China war goes nuclear – crisis mis-management ensures conventional escalation - extinction==== AND during a military crisis, but it would make one far less likely. | 1/15/22 |
JF - NC - KantTournament: Berkeley | Round: 3 | Opponent: Marlborough MS | Judge: Lawrence Zhou 1Framework – ShortThe meta-ethic is practical reason—~1~ Inescapability— I can question why to follow or the validity of an ethical theory, which concedes the authority of reason as if I question reason, I use reason to question. Outweighs on validity—any other truth risks falsity Reality may be fake, our experiences may be arbitrary, and experience may be descriptive not normative, but questioning the validity of reason requires reason, conceding its validity. Any other ethic begs the question of why, meaning it’s arbitrary and nonbinding~2~ Action theory— Only reason can explain why we take transitional action to an overall end. For example, setting the end of tea provides me a reason to unify the necessary actions to produce tea, like getting a pot, filling it with water, etc. Any other explanation fails since it can’t give meaning to why we take transitioning action – freezing action. 2 Impacts—~a~ That’s a side constraint on the AC—ethics is a guide to action so it must appeal to a structure of action.~b~ Bindingness—reason is intrinsic to actions since only it can provide value to transitioning action, which justifies universalityThat justifies universality—If we are all reasoners, we must all be able to determine if an action is good. An action that maximizes my freedom at the cost of others then would have to be recognized as good by everyone, but that leads to a contradiction where everyone takes other’s freedoms to maximize theirs, making it impossible to reach my endThus, the standard is respecting a system of inner and outer freedom
| 2/20/22 |
JF - T - Linear RestrictionsTournament: NDCA | Round: 2 | Opponent: Durham SA | Judge: Briajia Levi
Competing Interps: At preempts: Reciprocity doesnt make sense — we have to negate and they have to be topical - different burdens
| 4/9/22 |
ND - CP - Covid Essential WorkersTournament: Apply Valley | Round: 4 | Opponent: Minnetonka MW | Judge: Jacob Nails CP Text: A just government ought to recognize an unconditional right of workers to strike except for covid essential workers.In the squo, the right to strike is banned by the ILO for essential workers.Chima 13 Chima, Sylvester C. "Global Medicine: Is It Ethical or Morally Justifiable for Doctors and Other Healthcare Workers to Go on Strike?" BMC Medical Ethics, BioMed Central, 19 Dec. 2013, bmcmedethics.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1472-6939-14-S1-S5. SJEP Recognizing essential workers' right to strike would proliferate and expand current strikes occurring in small quantities due to covid on a large scale. This would lead to an overwhelming influx of essential worker strikes.Abigail Abrams, 11-30-2020, "How COVID-19 Pushed Frontline Workers Into Collective Action," Time, https://time.com/5928528/frontline-workers-strikes-labor/ Impacts:1~ Destroys current responses to covid through a stoppage in distribution of covid vaccinesFran Kritz, 1-20-2021, "Who Can Administer COVID-19 Vaccines?," Verywell Health, https://www.verywellhealth.com/who-can-administer-covid-19-vaccines-5094165 Puts us back to square one with widespread death and sufferingYale School of Medicine, 7-2-2021, "How Equitable COVID-19 Vaccine Distribution Impacts Global Health," https://medicine.yale.edu/news-article/how-equitable-covid-19-vaccine-distribution-impacts-global-health/ | 11/6/21 |
ND - DA - InflationTournament: Apply Valley | Round: 2 | Opponent: Lake Highland Prep PS | Judge: Sam Anderson Best studies conclude inflation is expected to level out and is transitory – err neg other predictions are based off intuitions and have bad track records.Mark Hulbert 10/26 ~, Why These Economists Aren't Worried About Inflation. Barrons (10-26-2021) https://www.barrons.com/articles/inflation-economists-51635264860?tesla=y~~//anop The plan spurs persistent inflation – unions realize they are disenfranchised but have a unique opportunity to rebuild into disruptive strikes.Liz Peek 21 ~Liz Peek is a former partner of major bracket Wall Street firm Wertheim and Company, Biden's Big Labor policies will create next round of inflation. The Hill. (10-22-2021) https://thehill.com/opinion/finance/577933-bidens-big-labor-policies-will-create-next-round-of-inflation~~//anop Excess inflation causes collapse – destroys savings of millions of households.Jo Harper 21 ~Jo Harper is a freelance British journalist based in Warsaw, writing for the BBC, Politico, Deutsche Welle and others. How big a threat is inflation? – DW – 07/30/2021. dw (7-30-2021) https://beta.dw.com/en/how-big-a-threat-is-inflation/a-58653487~~//anop Recuperating growth is key to international cooperation to solve multiple existential threatsHaass 17 ~Richard Haass, President of the Council on Foreign Relations, previously served as Director of Policy Planning for the US State Department (2001-2003), and was President George W. Bush's special envoy to Northern Ireland and Coordinator for the Future of Afghanistan.~ "A World in Disarray: American Foreign Policy and the Crisis of the Old Order" published January 10, 2017 | 11/5/21 |
ND - DA - InfrastructureTournament: Apply Valley | Round: 2 | Opponent: Lake Highland Prep PS | Judge: Sam Anderson Reconciliation passes now - Biden PC is key to getting democratic skeptics on board, but it's tentativeCochrane and Weisman 11/05 ~Emily Cochrane - correspondent based in Washington. She has covered Congress since late 2018, focusing on the annual debate over government funding and economic legislation, ranging from emergency pandemic relief to infrastructure, Jonathan Weisman - congressional correspondent, veteran Washington journalist and author of the novel "No. 4 Imperial Lane" and the nonfiction book "(((Semitism))): Being Jewish in America in the Age of Trump." His career in journalism stretches back 30 years, "Live Updates: House Democrats Push Toward Votes on Biden's Agenda", 11-05-2021, https://www.nytimes.com/live/2021/11/05/us/biden-spending-infrastructure-bill~~//pranav Business lobbying backlash ensures Sinema flips – empirics prove she doesn't like similar billsDuda '21 ~Jeremy, Prior to joining the Arizona Mirror, he worked at the Arizona Capitol Times, where he spent eight years covering the Governor's Office and two years as editor of the Yellow Sheet Report, "Business groups urge Kelly, Sinema to oppose pro-union PRO Act", 08-30-2021, https://www.azmirror.com/2021/08/30/business-groups-urge-kelly-sinema-to-oppose-pro-union-pro-act/~~//pranav They lash out against Reconciliation – it includes similar provisionsFURCHTGOTT-ROTH 10/09 ~Diana, former acting assistant secretary for economic policy at the U.S. Department of the Treasury, is adjunct professor of economics at George Washington University, "Democrats can't pass the PRO Act, so it's buried in the reconciliation bill", 10-09-2021, https://thehill.com/opinion/white-house/575992-dems-cant-pass-the-pro-act-so-its-buried-in-the-reconciliation-bill~~//pranav Reconciliation is k2 stopping existential climate change – warming is incremental and every change in temperature is vitalHiggins 8/16 ~Trevor, Senior Director, Domestic Climate and Energy, "Budget Reconciliation Is the Key to Stopping Climate Change", 08-16-2021, https://www.americanprogress.org/issues/green/news/2021/08/16/502681/budget-reconciliation-key-stopping-climate-change/~~//pranav | 11/5/21 |
ND - DA - Infrastructure v2Tournament: Longhorn Classic | Round: 4 | Opponent: Round Rock SV | Judge: Felicity Park Reconciliation passes now without further cuts – Holdouts tentatively say yes and our ev assumes every aff non-uq warrantReklaitis 12/02 ~Victor, MarketWatch's Money and Politics reporter and is based in Washington, D.C. Prior to joining MarketWatch, he served as an assistant editor and reporter at Investor's Business Daily, "Biden’s big social-spending bill probably will pass Senate this month without many cuts to it, analysts say", 12-02-2021, https://www.marketwatch.com/story/bidens-big-social-spending-bill-probably-will-pass-senate-this-month-without-many-cuts-to-it-analysts-say-11638466738~~//pranav AND the party in control only because Vice President Kamala Harris can break ties. Biden PC is key to getting democratic skeptics on board, but it’s tentativeCochrane and Weisman 11/05 ~Emily Cochrane - correspondent based in Washington. She has covered Congress since late 2018, focusing on the annual debate over government funding and economic legislation, ranging from emergency pandemic relief to infrastructure, Jonathan Weisman - congressional correspondent, veteran Washington journalist and author of the novel "No. 4 Imperial Lane" and the nonfiction book "(((Semitism))): Being Jewish in America in the Age of Trump." His career in journalism stretches back 30 years, "Live Updates: House Democrats Push Toward Votes on Biden’s Agenda", 11-05-2021, https://www.nytimes.com/live/2021/11/05/us/biden-spending-infrastructure-bill~~//pranav AND supply their votes for it until there is agreement on the other bill. Business lobbying backlash ensures Sinema flips – empirics prove she doesn’t like similar billsDuda ’21 ~Jeremy, Prior to joining the Arizona Mirror, he worked at the Arizona Capitol Times, where he spent eight years covering the Governor's Office and two years as editor of the Yellow Sheet Report, "Business groups urge Kelly, Sinema to oppose pro-union PRO Act", 08-30-2021, https://www.azmirror.com/2021/08/30/business-groups-urge-kelly-sinema-to-oppose-pro-union-pro-act/~~//pranav AND so unless and until it comes up for a vote in the Senate. They lash out against Reconciliation – it will includes similar provisionsFURCHTGOTT-ROTH 10/09 ~Diana, former acting assistant secretary for economic policy at the U.S. Department of the Treasury, is adjunct professor of economics at George Washington University, "Democrats can't pass the PRO Act, so it's buried in the reconciliation bill", 10-09-2021, https://thehill.com/opinion/white-house/575992-dems-cant-pass-the-pro-act-so-its-buried-in-the-reconciliation-bill~~//pranav AND union provisions of the PRO Act by arguing they are actually revenue raisers. Reconciliation is k2 stopping existential climate change – warming is incremental and every change in temperature is vitalHiggins 8/16 ~Trevor, Senior Director, Domestic Climate and Energy, "Budget Reconciliation Is the Key to Stopping Climate Change", 08-16-2021, https://www.americanprogress.org/issues/green/news/2021/08/16/502681/budget-reconciliation-key-stopping-climate-change/~~//pranav AND no time to lose in the work of building a clean energy future. | 12/4/21 |
ND - NC - KantTournament: Apple Valley | Round: 5 | Opponent: Eden Prarie AK | Judge: Fabrice Eitienne The meta-ethic is practical reason—~1~ Inescapability— I can question why to follow or the validity of an ethical theory, which concedes the authority of reason as if I question reason, I use reason to question. Outweighs on validity—any other truth risks falsity Reality may be fake, our experiences may be arbitrary, and experience may be descriptive not normative, but questioning the validity of reason requires reason, conceding its validity. Any other ethic begs the question of why, meaning it's arbitrary and nonbinding~2~ Action theory— Only reason can explain why we take transitional action to an overall end. For example, setting the end of tea provides me a reason to unify the necessary actions to produce tea, like getting a pot, filling it with water, etc. Any other explanation fails since it can't give meaning to why we take transitioning action – freezing action. 2 Impacts—~a~ That's a side constraint on the AC—ethics is a guide to action so it must appeal to a structure of action.~b~ Bindingness—reason is intrinsic to actions since only it can provide value to transitioning action, which justifies universalityThat justifies universality—If we are all reasoners, we must all be able to determine if an action is good. An action that maximizes my freedom at the cost of others then would have to be recognized as good by everyone, but that leads to a contradiction where everyone takes other's freedoms to maximize theirs, making it impossible to reach my endThus, the standard is respecting a system of inner and outer freedomNow Negate:Workers agree in contracts not to strike, these contracts grant employers the right to fire people if they strike and has been upheld by the state. This means strikes break these promises."Employer Sanctions for Violation of No-Strike Clause: Union Busting through Mass Discharge and Rescission." Yale Law Journal, digitalcommons.law.yale.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=8323andcontext=ylj. Accessed 23 June 2021. ~1~ The process of strike uses patients or beneficiaries of work as a means to an endHoward 20 ~Danielle Howard Mar 2020, "What Should Physicians Consider Prior to Unionizing?," Journal of Ethics | American Medical Association, https://journalofethics.ama-assn.org/article/what-should-physicians-consider-prior-unionizing/2020-03 LEX JB~ AND ~2~ Going on strike isn't universalizable – a) if everyone leaves work then there will be no concept of a job b) everyone means the employer even leaves which is a contradiction in contraception | 11/6/21 |
ND - T - RecognizeTournament: Apply Valley | Round: 4 | Opponent: Minnetonka MW | Judge: Jacob Nails Interpretation: The affirmative debater must defend a legal policy action.
| 11/6/21 |
ND - T - UnconditionalTournament: Longhorn Classic | Round: 4 | Opponent: Round Rock SV | Judge: Felicity Park Interpretation: Unconditional means not conditional or limited. – to clarify, the affirmative must defend the right of all workers to strike at any time.Merriam Webster (https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/unconditional)//ww pbjnot conditional or limited Violation: They defend agriculture workers which is a subset of all workers.Standards:~1~ Limits – allows an aff infinite permutations of arbitrary conditions like no striking for medical workers, not if it causes harm, or only for a certain duration. Explosion of aff ground makes neg prep burden impossible, either killing neg ground or forcing the neg to read generics that barely link, always letting aff win.~2~ Precision – not defending the text of the resolution justifies the affirmative doing away with random words in the resolution which a~ means they’re not within the topic which is a voter for jurisdiction since you can only vote affirmative on the resolution and this debate never should have happened, b~ they’re unpredictable and impossible to engage in so we always lose~3~ Ground – kills neg ground since they can pre-empt all neg strategy which makes all condition PICs not competitive and kills all links to the DA since they’ll just condition it like the Health Workers DA, destroys engagement and advocacy skillsDrop the Debater –~1~ sets a precedent that debaters wont be abusive~2~ DTA is the same since you drop the affVoters:~1~ Fairness – constitutive to the judge to decide the better debater, only fairness is in your jurisdiction because it skews decision making~2~ Education – the only portable education from debate that we care aboutCompeting Interps:~2~ functionally the same as reasonability – we debate over a specified briteline which is a counter interp~3~ judge intervention – judge has to intervene on what’s reasonable, creates a race to the bottom where debaters exploit judge tolerance for questionable argumentation.No RVIs~1~ illogical for you to get offense just for being fair – it’s the 1ac’s burden~2~ baiting - rvi’s incentivize debaters to read abusive positions to win off theory | 12/4/21 |
SO - CP - Consult WHOTournament: Jack Howe | Round: 2 | Opponent: Marlborough ED | Judge: Joel Lemuel CP: Member nations of the World Trade Organization should enter into a prior and binding consultation with the World Health Organization over reducing intellectual property protections by implementing a one-and-done approach for patent protection. Member nations will support the proposal and adopt the results of consultation.WHO says yes – it supports increasing the availability of generics and limiting TRIPSHoen 03 ~(Ellen T., researcher at the University Medical Centre at the University of Groningen, The Netherlands who has been listed as one of the 50 most influential people in intellectual property by the journal Managing Intellectual Property, PhD from the University of Groningen) "TRIPS, Pharmaceutical Patents and Access to Essential Medicines: Seattle, Doha and Beyond," Chicago Journal of International Law, 2003~ JL Consultation displays strong leadership, authority, and cohesion among member states which are key to WHO legitimacyGostin et al 15 ~(Lawrence O., Linda D. and Timothy J. O'Neill Professor of Global Health Law at Georgetown University, Faculty Director of the O'Neill Institute for National and Global Health Law, Director of the World Health Organization Collaborating Center on Public Health Law and Human Rights, JD from Duke University) "The Normative Authority of the World Health Organization," Georgetown University Law Center, 5/2/2015~ JL WHO is critical to disease prevention – it is the only international institution that can disperse information, standardize global public health, and facilitate public-private cooperationMurtugudde 20 ~(Raghu, professor of atmospheric and oceanic science at the University of Maryland, PhD in mechanical engineering from Columbia University) "Why We Need the World Health Organization Now More Than Ever," Science, 4/19/2020~ JL WHO diplomacy solves great power conflictMurphy 20 ~(Chris, U.S. senator from Connecticut serving on the U.S. Senate Foreign Relations Committee) "The Answer is to Empower, Not Attack, the World Health Organization," War on the Rocks, 4/21/2020~ JL | 10/24/21 |
SO - DA - BiotechTournament: Heart of Texas | Round: 3 | Opponent: Wenatchee JK | Judge: James Stuckert US dominance is secured in biotech now, but China's closing the gap fast – that allows geopolitical and economic advantagesMoore 2020 ~(Director of the Penn Global China Program at the University of Pennsylvania. Previously, Moore was a Young Professional and Water Resources Management Specialist at the World Bank Group, and Environment, Science, Technology, and Health Officer for China at the U.S.) "China's Role In The Global Biotechnology Sector And Implications For U.S. Policy" https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/FP_20200427_china_biotechnology_moore.pdf~~ EV The aff's reduction of IPP doesn't solve but it does give away sensitive national security information that allows China to lead ahead in biotechRogin 4-8. ~(Washington Post Columnist covering National Security Issues.) "Opinion: The wrong way to fight vaccine nationalism" https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/global-opinions/the-wrong-way-to-fight-vaccine-nationalism/2021/04/08/9a65e15e-98a8-11eb-962b-78c1d8228819_story.html ~ EV China will convert biotechnology gains to military advantages, undermining US primacy on a global scaleKuo 2017 ~(Executive Vice President at Pamir Consulting.) "The Great US-China Biotechnology and Artificial Intelligence Race" https://thediplomat.com/2017/08/the-great-us-china-biotechnology-and-artificial-intelligence-race/~~ EV Maintenance of the ILO is key to reduce a host of existential threats – establishes great-power peace.Brands 18. ~(Hal Brands is a Henry Kissinger Distinguished Professor at Johns Hopkins University's School of Advanced International Studies, Scholar at the American Enterprise Institute. "America's Global Order Is Worth Fighting For, Bloomberg Opinion, Politics and Policy," August 14, 2018, Bloomberg. https://www.bloomberg.com/opinion/articles/2018-08-14/america-s-global-order-is-worth-fighting-for~~ EV | 10/24/21 |
SO - DA - CannabisTournament: Jack Howe | Round: 5 | Opponent: Peninsula AB | Judge: Brett Boelkens Cannabis industry will recover, but its tentative.Patrick Mcgreevy ,6-3-2020, "California's legal pot industry faces year of decline because of coronavirus, Newsom warns," Los Angeles Times, https://www.latimes.com/california/story/2020-06-03/california-legal-pot-industry-faces-decline-coronavirus-recession-gavin-newsom-budget// WW AP Patents attract investors to the cannabis industry, allow for expansion and growth.Chris Roberts, 5-28-2020, "Why Patent Cannabis? For Markets, Mostly.," Forbes, https://www.forbes.com/sites/chrisroberts/2020/05/28/why-patent-cannabis-for-markets-mostly/?sh=1f424b0a14c3// WW AP Medical marijuana has been proven to solve for opioid addiction.Dwight K. Blake, 8-24-2021, "Can Medical Marijuana be A Solution to The Opioid Epidemic?," American Marijuana, https://americanmarijuana.org/medical-marijuana-solution-to-opioid-epidemic/WW AP Opioid overdoses killing half a million people yearly, happening right now in the squo.WHO, 8-1-2021, "Opioid overdose," No Publication, https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/opioid-overdose/ WW AP | 10/24/21 |
SO - DA - InfrastructureTournament: Meadows | Round: 1 | Opponent: Proof DR | Judge: Amy Nyberg Biden PC is key to getting Manchin and Sinema on board – continued negotiations tentatively get their votes – it's try or die for Tuesday's voteEdmondson and Cochrane 10/24 ~Catie Edmondson is a reporter in the Washington bureau of The New York Times, covering Congress, Emily Cochrane is a correspondent based in Washington. She has covered Congress since late 2018, focusing on the annual debate over government funding and economic legislation, ranging from emergency pandemic relief to infrastructure, "Biden Meets With Manchin and Schumer as Democrats Race to Finish Social Policy Bill", 10-24-2021, New York Times, https://www.nytimes.com/2021/10/24/us/politics/biden-manchin-schumer-spending-bill.html~~//pranav Big Pharma hates the plan – empirics – err neg our ev literally cites their press releasesPhRMA '21 ~The Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturers of America (PhRMA) represents the country's leading innovative biopharmaceutical research companies, which are devoted to discovering and developing medicines that enable patients to live longer, healthier and more productive lives. Since 2000, PhRMA member companies have invested nearly $1 trillion in the search for new treatments and cures, including an estimated $83 billion in 2019 alone, "PhRMA Statement on WTO TRIPS Intellectual Property Waiver", 05-05-2021, https://www.phrma.org/coronavirus/phrma-statement-on-wto-trips-intellectual-property-waiver~~//pranav They lash out against infra and use COVID clout to kill it – they have public support, and a win now postpones reform indefinitely which turns case Fuchs et al. 09/02 ~Hailey Fuchs attended Yale University and was an inaugural Bradlee Fellow for The Washington Post, where she reported on national politics, Alice Ollstein is a health care reporter for POLITICO Pro, covering the Capitol Hill beat. Prior to joining POLITICO, she covered federal policy and politics for Talking Points Memo, Megan Wilson is a health care and influence reporter at POLITICO, "Drug industry banks on its Covid clout to halt Dems' push on prices", 09-02-2021, https://www.politico.com/news/2021/09/02/drug-prices-democrats-lobbying-508127~~//pranav Big pharma always wins – independently kills aff solvency bc it causes the plan to be watered down so much that de facto monopolies can surviveFlorko and Facher '19 ~Nicholas Florko is a Stat News Washington correspondent and Lev Facher is Stat News health and life sciences writer, "How pharma, under attack from all sides, keeps winning in Washington", 07-16-2019, Stat News, https://www.statnews.com/2019/07/16/pharma-still-winning/~~//pranav Infra's k2 stopping existential climate change – warming is incremental and every change in temperature is vitalHiggins 8/16 ~Trevor, Senior Director, Domestic Climate and Energy, "Budget Reconciliation Is the Key to Stopping Climate Change", 08-16-2021, https://www.americanprogress.org/issues/green/news/2021/08/16/502681/budget-reconciliation-key-stopping-climate-change/~~//pranav | 10/31/21 |
SO - DA - InnovationTournament: Jack Howe | Round: 2 | Opponent: Marlborough ED | Judge: Joel Lemuel America's maintaining hegemony and countering China's rise through "counter-punching" strategies, but sustained innovation and private sector investment are key – reject "US declining now" args – the US has historically punched over its weight whenever it's challengedHarr 8/3 ~Scott, Army Special Forces Officer and Ph.D. Candidate at the Helms School of Government, Liberty University. He holds an undergraduate degree in Arabic Language Studies from West Point and a Master's degree in Middle Eastern Affairs from Liberty University. A trained Arabic and Farsi speaker with over four years of cumulative deployment time in the Middle East, his work has been featured in The Diplomat, RealClearDefense, The Strategy Bridge, Modern War Institute, Military Review, The National Interest, and Joint Force Quarterly among other national security-focused venues, "By Avoiding Arms Races, America Can Counter China's Rise", 08-03-2021, https://nationalinterest.org/feature/avoiding-arms-races-america-can-counter-chinaE28099s-rise-191094~~//pranav The 1AC's reduction of IPP for vaccines is America "handing over its crown jewels" to competing nations by disincentivizing record setting innovation that causes spillover to other fields and destroys American hegemony.Iancu 8/11 ~Andrei, American-Romanian engineer and intellectual property attorney, who served as the Under Secretary of Commerce for Intellectual Property and Director of the United States Patent and Trademark Office from 2017 to 2021, "Biden is trying to undermine America's world-leading IP protections", https://m.washingtontimes.com/news/2021/aug/11/biden-is-trying-to-undermine-americas-world-leadin/~~//pranav Only U.S. hegemony prevents global instability—-alternatives can't maintain peaceHaass, 17 - President of the Council on Foreign Relations (Richard, "Who Will Fill America's Shoes?," Project Syndicate, 6-24-2017, https://www.project-syndicate.org/commentary/global-leadership-successor-to-america-by-richard-n—haass-2017-06) Goes nuclear—-extinctionThomas H. Henricksen 17, emeritus senior fellow at the Hoover Institution, 3/23/17, "Post-American World Order," http://www.hoover.org/research/post-american-world-order | 10/24/21 |
SO - NC - KantTournament: Heart of Texas | Round: 6 | Opponent: Peninsula AB | Judge: Aaron Timmons The meta-ethic is practical reason—~1~ Inescapability— I can question why to follow or the validity of an ethical theory, which concedes the authority of reason as if I question reason, I use reason to question. Outweighs on validity—any other truth risks falsity Reality may be fake, our experiences may be arbitrary, and experience may be descriptive not normative, but questioning the validity of reason requires reason, conceding its validity. Any other ethic begs the question of why, meaning it's arbitrary and nonbinding~2~ Action theory— Only reason can explain why we take transitional action to an overall end. For example, setting the end of tea provides me a reason to unify the necessary actions to produce tea, like getting a pot, filling it with water, etc. Any other explanation fails since it can't give meaning to why we take transitioning action – freezing action. 2 Impacts—~a~ That's a side constraint on the AC—ethics is a guide to action so it must appeal to a structure of action.~b~ Bindingness—reason is intrinsic to actions since only it can provide value to transitioning action, which justifies universalityThat justifies universality—If we are all reasoners, we must all be able to determine if an action is good. An action that maximizes my freedom at the cost of others then would have to be recognized as good by everyone, but that leads to a contradiction where everyone takes other's freedoms to maximize theirs, making it impossible to reach my endThus, the standard is respecting a system of inner and outer freedomNow Negate:Negates, reducing intellectual property violates rights to propertyRiccardo Pozzo 06 ~January 2006, "Immanuel Kant on intellectual property," https://www.researchgate.net/publication/250048266_Immanuel_Kant_on_intellectual_property~~ WW DL Reducing IP law uses people as a means to an end violating their freedom.Kornyo, 14 (Emmanuel Kornyo, 9-11-2014, accessed on 8-14-2021, Journals.library.columbia, "Patent Protection and the Global Access to Essential Pharmaceuticals during Patent Infringements under TRIPS| Voices in Bioethics", https://journals.library.columbia.edu/index.php/bioethics/article/view/6467)WWPP | 10/24/21 |
SO - T - Dual SpecTournament: Heart of Texas | Round: 6 | Opponent: Peninsula AB | Judge: Aaron Timmons Interpretation: The affirmative debater may specify either a member nation or medicine; to clarify they can do one, but not both.Violation: they specify the European Union and covid vaccinesStandards:~1~ Limits – affirmatives gets infinite permutations of every medicine and every member nation which creates a huge caselist. That results in shallow debates that skirts clash and pushes argumentation to the fringes to find broad theses that disagree with everything. This prevents rigorous argument testing – anyone can skim a Wikipedia article, but the process of clash is unique to debate. TVA – defend a subset of the Member Nations of the WTO or covid vaccines.Voters:~1~ Fairness – constitutive to the judge to decide the better debater, only fairness is in your jurisdiction because it skews decision making~2~ Education – the only portable education from debate that we care aboutCross apply DTD, No RVIs, and Competing interps | 10/24/21 |
SO - T - MedicinesTournament: Heart of Texas | Round: 1 | Opponent: Marlborough SL | Judge: Dillon Johnson Interpretation: The affirmative debater must defend reducing intellectual property protections for substances that treat diseases. To clarify, they may not defend substances that prevent diseases.Violation: They defend COVID vaccinesMedicines treat diseasesWebster (Merriam Webster is America's leading and most-trusted provider of language information, accessed on 6-30-21, Merriam Webster, "Definition of MEDICINE," https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/medicine)// ww pbj Treatment is different than preventionPflanzer 20 (Lydia Ramsey Pflanzer is a healthcare editor for Business Insider. She joined Business Insider in 2015 after graduating from Northwestern University, 4-29-2020, accessed 6/30/21, "Scientists are racing to discover ways to treat and prevent coronavirus. Here's the difference between a treatment and a vaccine.," Business Insider, https://www.businessinsider.com/whats-the-difference-between-a-vaccine-and-a-treatment-2020-4)//ww pbj Vaccines specifically are different from medicinesImmunize BC 20 (Immunize British Colombia is a collaborative project of the BC Ministry of Health, the BC Centre for Disease Control (an agency of the BC Provincial Health Services Authority), the regional health authorities (First Nations Health Authority, Fraser Health, Interior Health, Island Health, Northern Health and Vancouver Coastal Health), the BC Pharmacy Association and the Public Health Association of BC. Our mission is to improve the health of British Columbians by continuing to reduce the number of vaccine-preventable diseases, along with the illness, disability and death that they cause, What are vaccines?, Date last reviewed: Thursday, Mar 19, 2020, accessed on 6-30-21, https://immunizebc.ca/what-are-vaccines)//ww pbj Standards:~1~ Limits – they explode the topic to include tons of substances that prevent disease rather than treat them like soap, medical supplies, or food and make it so there is no unified neg generics. The aff still gets the core of the topic lit: they get medicine, innovation, and global inequality. Explosion of aff ground makes neg prep burden impossible, either killing neg ground or forcing the neg to read generics that barely link, always letting aff win. Force the 1AR to read a definition card with a clear list of what's included and excluded – otherwise, vote neg since they can't put a clear limit on the topic.~2~ Precision – not defending the text of the resolution justifies the affirmative doing away with random words in the resolution which a~ means they're not within the topic which is a voter for jurisdiction since you can only vote affirmative on the resolution and this debate never should have happened, b~ they're unpredictable and impossible to engage in so we always loseDrop the Debater –~1~ sets a precedent that debaters wont be abusiveVoters:~1~ Fairness – constitutive to the judge to decide the better debater, only fairness is in your jurisdiction because it skews decision making~2~ Education – the only portable education from debate that we care aboutCompeting Interps:~1~ reasonability on t is incoherent: you're either topical or you're not – it's impossible to be 77 topical, links to all limits offense~3~ judge intervention – judge has to intervene on what's reasonable, creates a race to the bottom where debaters exploit judge tolerance for questionable argumentation.No RVIs~1~ illogical for you to get offense just for being fair – it's the 1ac's burden | 10/24/21 |
SO - T - NebelTournament: Heart of Texas | Round: 3 | Opponent: Wenatchee JK | Judge: James Stuckert Interpretation: "medicines" is a generic bare plural. The aff may not specify a medicine or subset of medicines.Nebel 19. ~Jake Nebel is an assistant professor of philosophy at the University of Southern California and executive director of Victory Briefs. He writes a lot of this stuff lol – duh.~ "Genericity on the Standardized Tests Resolution." Vbriefly. August 12, 2019. https://www.vbriefly.com/2019/08/12/genericity-on-the-standardized-tests-resolution/?fbclid=IwAR0hUkKdDzHWrNeqEVI7m59pwsnmqLl490n4uRLQTe7bWmWDO_avWCNzi14 TG It applies to "medicines"–~1~ upward entailment test – "the member nations of the WTO ought to reduce intellectual property protections for medicines" doesn't entail that member nations of the WTO ought to reduce intellectual property protections for drugs bc cocaine and meth bc they don't have IPRs. Outweighs their evidence – it tells us what to do with indefinite singulars, whereas theirs assumes indefinite singulars can only mean one thing.Standards:~1~ precision – the counter-interp justifies them arbitrarily doing away with random words in the resolution which decks negative ground and preparation because the aff is no longer bounded by the resolution. Independent voter for jurisdiction – the judge doesn't have the jurisdiction to vote aff if there wasn't a legitimate aff.~2~ Limits and ground – they can spec any combinations of medicines including music, vaccines, aspirin, future medicines and many more and allowing any permutation of them explodes my prep burden – I have to prep against thousands of affs individually which massively skews engagement as you have infinite prep time to frontline your one aff whereas I won't be prepared for yours – it wrecks neg prep since there's marginal differences in the advantage but it takes out ground like ~politics, heg da, econ da~ which are some of the few neg generics when affs spec medicines.~3~ tva – just read your aff as an advantage under a whole adv, solves all ur offense since I can read normal means evidenceFairness – debate is a competitive activity that requires fairness for objective evaluation. o/w because it's the only intrinsic part of debate – all other rules can be debated over but rely on some conception of fairness to be justified.Drop the debater – a~ deter future abuse and b~ set better norms for debate.Competing interps –~a~ reasonability is arbitrary and encourages judge intervention since there's no clear normNo RVIs –a~ illogical, you don't win for proving that you meet the burden of being fair, logic outweighs since it's a prerequisite for evaluating any other argument | 10/24/21 |
SO - T - WTOTournament: Heart of Texas | Round: 6 | Opponent: Peninsula AB | Judge: Aaron Timmons Interpretation – The affirmative must defend that the World Trade Organization reduces intellectual property protection.Member nations of the WTO make decisions as a wholeWTO ND ~(World Trade Organization) "What is the WTO?" https://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/whatis_e/whatis_e.htm~~ recut ww dlThe WTO is run by its member governments. All major decisions are made by the membership as a whole, either by ministers (who usually meet at least once every two years) or by their ambassadors or delegates (who meet regularly in Geneva). Nation and state are synonymousMerriam Webster ND ~"nation" Merriam Webster, https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/nation~~ recut ww dlDefinition of nation (Entry 1 of 2) 1a(1): NATIONALITY sense 5athree Slav peoples … forged into a Yugoslavia without really fusing into a Yugoslav nation— Hans Kohn (2): a politically organized nationality (3)in the Bible : a non-Jewish nationality why do the nations conspire— Psalms 2:1 (Revised Standard Version) b: a community of people composed of one or more nationalities and possessing a more or less defined territory and government Canada is a nation with a written constitution— B. K. Sandwell c: a territorial division containing a body of people of one or more nationalities and usually characterized by relatively large size and independent status a nation of vast size with a small population— Mary K. Hammond Violation – they don't – EU member states are distinct from WTO member nationsPrefer~1~ Ground – Justifies affs about any country reducing any IP protection on medicine – only our interp ensures link magnitude by ensuring it is an international reduction for IPP for medicine which is key to generics like the innovation DA, WTO bad, consult the WHO, and the IP NC — privileges the aff by stretching pre-tournament neg prep too thin and precluding nuanced rigorous testing of aff.~2~ Topic ed – WTO patent wavers are the core topic controversy – their aff is just domestic policy passed in European Union Member states. Proven by their second advantage – none of their internal links are about medical trade secrets which proves their interpretation is a cheap way of getting a relations impact about any two countries that does trade – justifies the US-Mexico or China-Japan aff. Outweighs aff flex — prep is determined by the lit and we only have 2 months to debate the topic and it provides better link magnitude to all your generics because this is the statis point the topic is centered around.~3~ Precision – Even if all EU member states are in the WTO that doesn't mean all WTO member nations are in the EU – prefer our interp – we have evidence from the WTO that explains what coordinated action looks like.Drop the debater – a~ deter future abuse and b~ set better norms for debate.Competing interps –~a~ reasonability is arbitrary and encourages judge intervention since there's no clear norm~b~ it creates a race to the top where we create the best possible norms for debate.No RVIs –a~ illogical, you don't win for proving that you meet the burden of being fair, logic outweighs since it's a prerequisite for evaluating any other argumentb~ RVIs incentivize baiting theory and prepping it out which leads to maximally abusive practices | 10/24/21 |
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