Westwood Ganesan Neg
| Tournament | Round | Opponent | Judge | Cites | Round Report | Open Source | Edit/Delete |
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| Any | 1 | Any | Any |
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| Apple Valley | 1 | Bronx NK | Grant Brown |
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| Apple Valley | 3 | Lincoln East EB | Breigh Plat |
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| Apple Valley | 6 | Cooper City NR | Julian Kuffour |
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| Glenbrooks | 1 | Lauren Woodall | James Logan ZW |
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| Glenbrooks | 4 | Strake Jesuit JS | Nelson Okunlola |
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| Glenbrooks | 5 | Strake Jesuit MS | Derek Ying |
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| Glenbrooks | 7 | Iowa City West NW | Grant Brown |
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| Glenbrooks | Doubles | Strake Jesuit ZD | Grant Brown, Josh StPeter, Kassie Colon |
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| Grapevine | 1 | SC PK | Grant Brown |
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| Grapevine | 3 | Plano East NG | James Stuckert |
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| Greenhill | 2 | Mercer Island KS | James Stuckert |
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| Greenhill | 3 | Sage MP | Rodrigo |
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| Greenhill | 6 | Agnes EH | Zaid Umar |
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| Meadows | 1 | South Carroll PK | Nethmin Liyanage |
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| Meadows | 4 | San Mateo ZS | Amy Nyberg |
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| Meadows | 4 | San Mateo ZS | Amy Nyberg |
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| Meadows | 5 | marlborough mj | david dosch |
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| St Marks | 2 | Immaculate Heart RR | Eli Smith |
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| St Marks | 4 | Strake CM | Nethmin Liyanage |
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| St Marks | 5 | Harvard Westlake IC | Josh Martin |
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| St Marks | Doubles | Greenhill KD | panel vishan, derek hillgross, yardley rosas |
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| UT | 4 | Little Rock MG | Josh Porter |
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| UT | 5 | Coppell ER | Joseph Wofford |
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| UT | 1 | Woodlands SP | david dosch |
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| UT | 1 | Woodlands SP | david dosch |
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| Tournament | Round | Report |
|---|---|---|
| Any | 1 | Opponent: Any | Judge: Any na |
| Apple Valley | 1 | Opponent: Bronx NK | Judge: Grant Brown 1AC - jaeggi |
| Apple Valley | 3 | Opponent: Lincoln East EB | Judge: Breigh Plat 1AC -butler |
| Apple Valley | 6 | Opponent: Cooper City NR | Judge: Julian Kuffour 1AC - capitalism |
| Glenbrooks | 1 | Opponent: Lauren Woodall | Judge: James Logan ZW 1AC - israel |
| Glenbrooks | 4 | Opponent: Strake Jesuit JS | Judge: Nelson Okunlola 1ac - petit w teacher strikes adv |
| Glenbrooks | 5 | Opponent: Strake Jesuit MS | Judge: Derek Ying 1AC - ripstein |
| Glenbrooks | 7 | Opponent: Iowa City West NW | Judge: Grant Brown 1ac - libertarianism a bunch of 1ac theory it was like afc neg has to defend squo neg cant fiat non public actors neg can only read k links to defending the res |
| Glenbrooks | Doubles | Opponent: Strake Jesuit ZD | Judge: Grant Brown, Josh StPeter, Kassie Colon 1ac - b(1ac)k |
| Grapevine | 1 | Opponent: SC PK | Judge: Grant Brown 1AC - weed |
| Grapevine | 3 | Opponent: Plano East NG | Judge: James Stuckert 1AC - evergreening |
| Greenhill | 2 | Opponent: Mercer Island KS | Judge: James Stuckert 1AC - covid waiverssv |
| Greenhill | 3 | Opponent: Sage MP | Judge: Rodrigo 1ac - biocol |
| Greenhill | 6 | Opponent: Agnes EH | Judge: Zaid Umar 1ac - vaccines |
| Meadows | 1 | Opponent: South Carroll PK | Judge: Nethmin Liyanage 1ac -jordan |
| Meadows | 4 | Opponent: San Mateo ZS | Judge: Amy Nyberg 1AC - berardi(semiocapitalism) |
| Meadows | 4 | Opponent: San Mateo ZS | Judge: Amy Nyberg reuploading because open soruce isnt working for the other entry |
| Meadows | 5 | Opponent: marlborough mj | Judge: david dosch 1ac - msf |
| St Marks | 2 | Opponent: Immaculate Heart RR | Judge: Eli Smith 1AC - genomic medicines |
| St Marks | 4 | Opponent: Strake CM | Judge: Nethmin Liyanage 1ac - pandemics |
| St Marks | 5 | Opponent: Harvard Westlake IC | Judge: Josh Martin 1ac - covid |
| St Marks | Doubles | Opponent: Greenhill KD | Judge: panel vishan, derek hillgross, yardley rosas 1AC - Data Exclusivity |
| UT | 4 | Opponent: Little Rock MG | Judge: Josh Porter 1AC - Techno Orientalism |
| UT | 5 | Opponent: Coppell ER | Judge: Joseph Wofford 1AC - asian MMM |
| UT | 1 | Opponent: Woodlands SP | Judge: david dosch 1AC - petit |
| UT | 1 | Opponent: Woodlands SP | Judge: david dosch 1AC - petit |
To modify or delete round reports, edit the associated round.
Cites
| Entry | Date |
|---|---|
0 -- Contact InfoTournament: Any | Round: 1 | Opponent: Any | Judge: Any | 9/10/21 |
1 -- NC -- UtilTournament: Apple Valley | Round: 3 | Opponent: Lincoln East EB | Judge: Breigh Plat 1The standard is minimizing material violence.~1~ Personal identity reductionism is true – if the hemispheres of my brain were transplanted into 2 different people, neither would be me.Parfit 84. Derek Parfit 1984, "Reasons and Persons", Oxford Paperbacks That justifies util.Gruzalski 86. Bart Gruzalski 86 ~UChicago~, "Parfit's Impact on Utilitarianism", Ethics, Vol. 96, No. 4, July 1986. ~2~ Actor Spec— States must use util. Any other standard dooms the moral theoryGoodin 90. Robert Goodin 90, ~professor of philosophy at the Australian National University college of arts and social sciences~, "The Utilitarian Response," pgs 141-142 RS ~3~ Extinction comes first under any framework.Pummer 15 ~Theron, Junior Research Fellow in Philosophy at St. Anne's College, University of Oxford. "Moral Agreement on Saving the World" Practical Ethics, University of Oxford. May 18, 2015~ AT ~4~ Pleasure and pain are intrinsic value and disvalue.Blum et al. 18 5~ Science proves non util ethics are impossible.Greene 10 – Joshua, Associate Professor of Social science in the Department of Psychology at Harvard University ~6~ Substitutability—only util explains necessary enablers.Sinnott-Armstrong 92 ~Walter, professor of practical ethics. "An Argument for Consequentialism" Dartmouth College Philosophical Perspectives. 1992.~ recut aaditG | 11/6/21 |
1 -- NC -- Util v PettitTournament: Glenbrooks | Round: 4 | Opponent: Strake Jesuit JS | Judge: Nelson Okunlola 1The standard is minimizing material violence.~1~ Personal identity reductionism is true – if the hemispheres of my brain were transplanted into 2 different people, neither would be me.Parfit 84. Derek Parfit 1984, "Reasons and Persons", Oxford Paperbacks That justifies util.Gruzalski 86. Bart Gruzalski 86 ~UChicago~, "Parfit's Impact on Utilitarianism", Ethics, Vol. 96, No. 4, July 1986. ~2~ Actor Spec— States must use util. Any other standard dooms the moral theoryGoodin 90. Robert Goodin 90, ~professor of philosophy at the Australian National University college of arts and social sciences~, "The Utilitarian Response," pgs 141-142 RS ~3~ Extinction comes first under any framework.Pummer 15 ~Theron, Junior Research Fellow in Philosophy at St. Anne's College, University of Oxford. "Moral Agreement on Saving the World" Practical Ethics, University of Oxford. May 18, 2015~ AT ~4~ Pleasure and pain are intrinsic value and disvalue.Blum et al. 18 Petit fails to do justice in the context of freedomMoen 16, Ole Martin (PhD, Research Fellow in Philosophy at University of Oslo). "An Argument for Hedonism." Journal of Value Inquiry 50.2 (2016): 267. | 11/21/21 |
1 -- NC -- Util v1Tournament: Meadows | Round: 4 | Opponent: San Mateo ZS | Judge: Amy Nyberg Standard is maximizing well ebingPleasure and pain are the starting point for moral reasoning—they're our most baseline desires and the only things that explain the intrinsic value of objects or actionsMoen 16, Ole Martin (PhD, Research Fellow in Philosophy at University of Oslo). "An Argument for Hedonism." Journal of Value Inquiry 50.2 (2016): 267. Util is a lexical pre-requisite to any other framework-threats to bodily security and life preclude the ability for moral actors to effectively utilize and act upon other moral theories since they are in a constant state of crisis that inhibit the ideal moral conditions which other theories presuppose – so, util comes first and my offense outweighs theirs under their own framework.Existential threats outweigh – all life has infinite value and extinction eliminates the possibility for future generations – err aff, because of innate cognitive biasesGPP 17 (Global Priorities Project, Future of Humanity Institute at the University of Oxford, Ministry for Foreign Affairs of Finland, "Existential Risk: Diplomacy and Governance," Global Priorities Project, 2017, https://www.fhi.ox.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/Existential-Risks-2017-01-23.pdf, Extinction is a distinct phenomenon that requires prior considerationBurke et al 16 Associate Professor of International and Political Studies @ UNSW, Australia, 2016 (Anthony, Stefanie Fishel is Assistant Professor, Department of Gender and Race Studies at the University of Alabama, Audra Mitchell is CIGI Chair in Global Governance and Ethics at the Balsillie School of International Affairs, Simon Dalby is CIGI Chair in the Political Economy of Climate Change at the Balsillie School of International Affairs, and, Daniel J. Levine is Assistant Professor of Political Science at the University of Alabama, "Planet Politics: Manifesto from the End of IR," Millennium: Journal of International Studies 1–25) | 10/31/21 |
1 -- T -- Extra T v SemiocapTournament: Meadows | Round: 4 | Opponent: San Mateo ZS | Judge: Amy Nyberg Resolved means a policyWords and Phrases 64 Words and Phrases Permanent Edition. "Resolved". 1964. Interp – the 1AC may not get offense external to the implementation of the Plan – simply reading the Aff or affirming a deconstruction of debate is not sufficient for an affirmative ballotViolation – they specify an untopical methodAt best they're Extra-T, which is a voter for Limits, or Effects-T which is worse, since any small aff can spill up to the res.Prefer – 1~ Presumption – All the Aff does is affirm an already existing movement by the masses and an ideological orientation that leads to no material action which isn't a distinct differential form the Status Quo, 2~ Clash – We can't engage you because you'll just no link all our Disads, Kritiks, turns etc. by re-interpreting the 1AC since you're not tied to any one action – destroys ability for activism since activist K v K debates rely on debates over methodologies which the Aff decks, 3~ Competitive equity – debate is a competitive game which loses meaning without substantive constraints- Everybody comes to debate for different reasons, but the fact that the other team is here and has presented a 1ac means they have bought into the game, and concedes the authority of fairness, or the judge should hack against you.5~ Paradigm Issues –a~ Topicality is Drop the Debater – it's a fundamental baseline for debate-ability.b~ Use Competing Interps – 1~ Topicality is a yes/no question, you can't be reasonably topical and 2~ Reasonability invites arbitrary judge intervention and a race to the bottom of questionable argumentation.c~ No RVI's - 1~ Forces the 1NC to go all-in on Theory which kills substance education, 2~ Encourages Baiting since the 1AC will purposely be abusive, and 3~ Illogical – you shouldn't win for not being abusive | 10/31/21 |
1 -- Theory -- DisclosureTournament: Greenhill | Round: 2 | Opponent: Mercer Island KS | Judge: James Stuckert Interp: All debaters must disclose all broken positions on the NDCA LD wiki. The disclosure must include tags, analytics, complete citations, including page numbers, and the full text from each piece of evidence. The disclosure must occur within 30 minutes of the start of the round.Violation: screenshots in the doc – they went to UK a bid tournament but haven't disclose affs Quality research: disclosure promotes quality research and in-depth engagement.Nails 13. Jacob Nails debated on the high school LD national circuit and now debates for Georgia State University, 10-10-2013, "A Defense of Disclosure (Including Third-Party Disclosure) by Jacob Nails," NSD Update, http://nsdupdate.com/2013/10/10/a-defense-of-disclosure-including-third-party-disclosure-by-jacob-nails/ RS Clash – disclosing solves predictability and allows debaters to prep for arguments before tournaments. Means, 1NC and 1AR blocks will become better because debaters can more easily form a coherent strategy. Strategy outweighs because it allows for in-depth argumentation and coherent rebuttals. Even if it's a new aff disclosure ensures a) you are actually reading a new aff b) helps use see what kind of debater you are. Key to education because it creates better argumentation.Voter:Education – only portable impact we can from debate and reason why schools fund.Drop the debater | 9/18/21 |
1 -- Theory -- New Affs BadTournament: Apple Valley | Round: 1 | Opponent: Bronx NK | Judge: Grant Brown 1Interpretation—the aff must disclose the plan text, framework before the round. To clarify, disclosure can occur on the wiki or over message.Violation—they didn'tVote neg for prep and clash—two internal links—a) neg prep—4 minutes of prep is not enough to put together a coherent 1nc or update generics—30 minutes is necessary to learn a little about the affirmative and piece together what 1nc positions apply and cut and research their applications to the affirmative b) aff quality—plan text disclosure discourages cheap shot affs. If the aff isn't inherent or easily defeated by 20 minutes of research, it should lose—this will answer the 1ar's claim about innovation—with 30 minutes of prep, there's still an incentive to find a new strategic, well justified aff, but no incentive to cut a horrible, incoherent aff that the neg can't check against the broader literature.Fairness and education are voters – its how judges evaluate rounds and why schools fund debateNeg theory is DTD - 1ARs control the direction of the debate because it determines what the 2NR has to go for – DTD allows us some leeway in the round by having some control in the directionCompeting interps – Reasonability invites arbitrary judge intervention and a race to the bottom of questionable argumentation – it also collapses since brightlines operate on an offense-defense paradigmNo RVIs – A – Going all in on theory kills substance education which outweighs on timeframe B - Discourages checking real abuse which outweighs on norm-setting C – Encourages theory baiting – outweighs because if the shell is frivolous, they can beat it quickly D – its illogical for you to win for proving you were fair – outweighs since logic is a litmus test for other arguments E - Kills norm setting since debaters can never admit they're wrong – outweighs since norm setting is the constitutive purpose of theory F – They are the logic of criminalization that over-punish people-of-color for trying to create productive discourse | 11/5/21 |
1 -- Theory -- Offense External To Framework BadTournament: Glenbrooks | Round: 4 | Opponent: Strake Jesuit JS | Judge: Nelson Okunlola Interpretation: The 1AC may only read offense that links back to their frameworkViolation: _Standards: Strat skew—arbitrarily putting offense kills neg strat bc they can pre-empt neg strategy. Neg already needs a competing framework since there are infinite affs, but theirs destroys strat bc neg already has to invest time on the framework debate and then can't get to contention-level offense, conceding contention, so aff can just extend offense and win on strength of linkFairness is a voter—debate is a competitive activity that requires objective evaluation. Without it, there would be no competition and no one would participate.Drop the Debater – sets a precedent that debaters wont be abusive and time skew puts me at a disadvantage on substanceCI:~1~ Reasonability causes a race to the bottom bc debaters keep being barely reasonable magnifying abuse~2~ Collapses – we debate about a specified briteline, which is the same as an interpNo rvis:~1~ Logic- Winning theory is not a reason to vote them up- In the real world proving you are meeting a necessary rule will not give you reward. OW bc logic is the litmus test for all args~2~ Discourages checking abuse because debaters will be afraid to lose on theory.~3~ RVIs center the debate on theory instead of substance because it's the only place the round can be decided. Outweighs on time frame; we only get two months to talk about the topic and on research - where the majority of debate education occurs~4~ Counter interp—you get an RVi if I read 2 or more shells—solves skew offense | 11/21/21 |
1 -- Theory -- Open SourceTournament: UT | Round: 4 | Opponent: Little Rock MG | Judge: Josh Porter 3Interpretation: Debaters must post links to all previous constructive speech docs read at the tournament at least 30 minutes prior to the round. To clarify, this means you must include all analytics, full text, underlining, and highlighting of all cards as read in round.Violation –Standards –1~ Debate resource inequities—you'll say people will steal framework justifications or cards, but that's good—it's the only way to truly level the playing field for students such as novices in under-privileged programs.Antonucci 5 ~Michael (Debate coach for Georgetown; former coach for Lexington High School); "~eDebate~ open source? resp to Morris"; December 8; http://www.ndtceda.com/pipermail/edebate/2005-December/064806.html nick~ 2~ leads to higher quality engagement b/c I know exactly what the neg says which internal link turns the aff b/c it leads to net better discussion. This is especially true given that you did not disclose the offense of the NC—no way I can engage with it or contest it.3~ Evidence ethics – open sour4ce is the only way to verify before round that cards aren't miscut – full text doesn't solve since you could have highlighted unethically. That's a voter – maintaining ethical ev practices is key to being good academics and we should be able to verify you didn't miscut ev.Two conceded justificaions for | 12/4/21 |
1--NC--Util v Petit v2Tournament: UT | Round: 1 | Opponent: Woodlands SP | Judge: david dosch 1The standard is minimizing material violence.~1~ Personal identity reductionism is true – if the hemispheres of my brain were transplanted into 2 different people, neither would be me.Parfit 84. Derek Parfit 1984, "Reasons and Persons", Oxford Paperbacks That justifies util.Gruzalski 86. Bart Gruzalski 86 ~UChicago~, "Parfit's Impact on Utilitarianism", Ethics, Vol. 96, No. 4, July 1986. ~2~ Actor Spec— States must use util. Any other standard dooms the moral theoryGoodin 90. Robert Goodin 90, ~professor of philosophy at the Australian National University college of arts and social sciences~, "The Utilitarian Response," pgs 141-142 RS ~3~ Extinction comes first under any framework.Pummer 15 ~Theron, Junior Research Fellow in Philosophy at St. Anne's College, University of Oxford. "Moral Agreement on Saving the World" Practical Ethics, University of Oxford. May 18, 2015~ AT ~4~ Pleasure and pain are intrinsic value and disvalue.Blum et al. 18 5~ Science proves non util ethics are impossible.Greene 10 – Joshua, Associate Professor of Social science in the Department of Psychology at Harvard University ~6~ Substitutability—only util explains necessary enablers.Sinnott-Armstrong 92 ~Walter, professor of practical ethics. "An Argument for Consequentialism" Dartmouth College Philosophical Perspectives. 1992.~ recut aaditG | 12/5/21 |
1--NC--Util v Petit v2Tournament: UT | Round: 1 | Opponent: Woodlands SP | Judge: david dosch 1The standard is minimizing material violence.~1~ Personal identity reductionism is true – if the hemispheres of my brain were transplanted into 2 different people, neither would be me.Parfit 84. Derek Parfit 1984, "Reasons and Persons", Oxford Paperbacks That justifies util.Gruzalski 86. Bart Gruzalski 86 ~UChicago~, "Parfit's Impact on Utilitarianism", Ethics, Vol. 96, No. 4, July 1986. ~2~ Actor Spec— States must use util. Any other standard dooms the moral theoryGoodin 90. Robert Goodin 90, ~professor of philosophy at the Australian National University college of arts and social sciences~, "The Utilitarian Response," pgs 141-142 RS ~3~ Extinction comes first under any framework.Pummer 15 ~Theron, Junior Research Fellow in Philosophy at St. Anne's College, University of Oxford. "Moral Agreement on Saving the World" Practical Ethics, University of Oxford. May 18, 2015~ AT ~4~ Pleasure and pain are intrinsic value and disvalue.Blum et al. 18 5~ Science proves non util ethics are impossible.Greene 10 – Joshua, Associate Professor of Social science in the Department of Psychology at Harvard University ~6~ Substitutability—only util explains necessary enablers.Sinnott-Armstrong 92 ~Walter, professor of practical ethics. "An Argument for Consequentialism" Dartmouth College Philosophical Perspectives. 1992.~ recut aaditG | 12/5/21 |
1--T--Framework v B1ACKTournament: Glenbrooks | Round: Doubles | Opponent: Strake Jesuit ZD | Judge: Grant Brown, Josh StPeter, Kassie Colon Interpretation: The affirmative may only defend that a just government ought to recognize an unconditional right of workers to strike.Resolved means a policyWords and Phrases 64 Words and Phrases Permanent Edition. "Resolved". 1964. A just government is a moral government – that's a hypothetical govCambridge Dictionary No Date, (Cambridge Dictionary, "Just"), https://dictionary.cambridge.org/us/dictionary/english/just MNHS NL Recognize means to accept as legalCambridge Dictionary No Date, (Cambridge Dictionary, "Recognize"), https://dictionary.cambridge.org/us/dictionary/english/recognize MNHS NL A worker is one who works manually or in an industry for a certain wage Merriam Webster ND https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/worker VM They violate— they don't defend a just government implementing the right to strike.Vote neg to preserve substantive engagement —1~ Preparation- changing the topic gives the aff a huge edge, they can prepare for 6 months on an issue that catches us by surprise. Preparation is better than thinking on your feet- research demonstrates pedagogical humility and research skills are the only portable debate training – the process of debate outweighs the content – only our interp generates the argumentative skills needed to rigorously defend their affirmative out of round and create engaged citizens2~ Limits- there are an infinite number of non topical affirmatives. not debating the topic allows someone to specialize in one area of the library for 4 years giving them a huge edge over people who switch research focus ever 2 months.3~ Switch side debate is good — it forces debaters to consider a controversial issue from multiple perspectives which prevents ideological dogmatism. Even if they prove the topic is bad, our argument is that the process of preparing and defending proposals is an educational benefit of engaging it.4~ fairness – debate is fundamentally a game which requires both sides to have a relatively equal shot at winning and is necessary for any benefit to the activity. That outweighs om decision-making: every argument concedes to the validity of fairness i.e. that the judge will make a fair decision based on the arguments presented. This means if they win fairness bad vote neg on presumption because you have no obligation to fairly evaluate their arguments.TVA: read a soft left aff in which a just government enforces the unconditional right to strike for black workers against civil society – none of their offense indicts a just government, but even if it does, x-apply switch side debate – the aff can rectify problems in the squo via policyDisads to the TVA prove there's negative ground and that it's a contestable stasis point, and if their critique is incompatible with the topic reading it on the neg solvesWinning their thesis doesn't answer T because only through the process of clash can they refine their defense of it—they need an explanation of why we switch sides and why there's a winner and loser under their modelReject the team—T is question of models of debate and the damage to our strategy was already done. Drop the team on theory generally to deter infinite abuseCompeting interps – reasonability is arbitrary, you can't be reasonably topical, and causes a race to the bottom of questionable argumentation.RVIs and impact turns encourage all in on theory which decks substance and incentivize baiting theory with abusive practices.No impact turns—exclusions are inevitable because we only have 45 minutes so it's best to draw those exclusions along reciprocal lines to ensure a role for the negativeFairness is good – two warrants – a~ their basis for fairness bad is a pessimistic basis - if we impact turn pessimism, fairness bad is not true b~ fairness is a constitutive portion of any activity like debate- ask yourself if chess had no rules and had no fairness, what is the point of the game - we need that to be able to engage in the round otherwise one side always begins ahead | 11/22/21 |
2 -- K -- Capitalism v B1ACKTournament: Glenbrooks | Round: Doubles | Opponent: Strake Jesuit ZD | Judge: Grant Brown, Josh StPeter, Kassie Colon Their cessation of revolutionary institution building abdicates the potential for true communal power, reducing revolution to reactive bursts of energy.Escalante 19. Alyson. Marxist-Leninist. Materialist Feminist and Anti-Imperialist activist. "Communism and Climate Change: A Dual Power Approach." Failing That. Invent. https://failingthatinvent.home.blog/2019/02/15/communism-and-climate-change-a-dual-power-approach. The onslaught of capitalism has manifested in violence, climate change, lashout and weapons dispersed throughout the globe – the alternative provides the tools to fight back.Escalante 19. Alyson, "Truth and Practice: The Marxist Theory of Knowledge." 9/8/2019. https://failingthatinvent.home.blog/2019/09/08/truth-and-practic-the-marxist-theory-of-knowledge/, DKP Claims of metaphysical ontology are inherently depoliticizing - locking in politics rather than opening up possibilitiesBuck-Morss 13. Susan Buck-Morss. Distinguished Professor of Political Science at the CUNY Graduate Center, NYC. "A Commonist Ethics." in The Idea of Communism, 2013. http://susanbuckmorss.info/text/commonist-ethics. The alternative is to affirm the model of the Communist Party – only the Party can provide effective accountability mechanisms to correct violent tendencies within organizing, educate and mobilize marginalized communities, and connect local struggles to a movement for international liberation.Escalante 18. Alyson Escalante is a Marxist-Leninist. Materialist Feminist and Anti-Imperialist activist. "Party Organizing in the 21st Century. September 2018. https://theforgenews.org/2018/09/21/party-organizing-in-the-21st-century. | 11/22/21 |
ND -- CP -- PoliceTournament: Apple Valley | Round: 3 | Opponent: Lincoln East EB | Judge: Breigh Plat CP Text: A just government should recognize the unconditional right of workers to strike with the exception of police officers.Police strikes are the blue flu and allow for power grabbing through fearmongering and public pressure – that shores up police authority and legitimizes police brutalityGrim 20 Andrew Grim, 7-1-2020, Ph.D. candidate in history at the University of Massachusetts Amherst, is at work on a dissertation on anti-police brutality activism in post-WWII Newark. "Perspective," Washington Post, https://www.washingtonpost.com/outlook/2020/07/01/what-is-blue-flu-how-has-it-increased-police-power/~~ ww dl These strikes strengthen unions that contribute to increased violence, and protection of misconductSerwer 6/24 ~Serwer, Adam. "Bust the Police Unions." The Atlantic, Atlantic Media Company, 24 June 2021, www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2021/07/bust-the-police-unions/619006/~ recut ww dl That leads to endless amounts of racist violence and the bolstering of the prison industrial complex.Chaney and Ray 13, Cassandra (Has a PhD and is a professor at LSU. Also has a strong focus in the structure of Black families) , and Ray V. Robertson (Also has a PhD and is a criminal justice professor at LSU). "Racism and police brutality in America." Journal of African American Studies 17.4 (2013): 480-505. SMdo I really need a card for this | 11/6/21 |
ND -- CP -- Police v2Tournament: UT | Round: 5 | Opponent: Coppell ER | Judge: Joseph Wofford CP Text: A just government ought to recognize an unconditional right of all workers except police to strike.The inclusion of the police into the right to strike erases difference – the essence of a cop is to practice brutality and crackdowns strikesMarcy '15 ~Sam, "The year of the pig: Should workers support police strikes?", 01-08-2015, https://www.workers.org/2015/01/17782/~~//pranav | 12/5/21 |
ND -- DA -- InflationTournament: Apple Valley | Round: 3 | Opponent: Lincoln East EB | Judge: Breigh Plat Best studies conclude inflation is expected to level out and is transitory – err neg other predictions are based off intuitions and have bad track records.Mark Hulbert 10/26 ~, Why These Economists Aren't Worried About Inflation. Barrons (10-26-2021) https://www.barrons.com/articles/inflation-economists-51635264860?tesla=y~~//anop The plan spurs persistent inflation – unions realize they are disenfranchised but have a unique opportunity to rebuild into disruptive strikes.Liz Peek 21 ~Liz Peek is a former partner of major bracket Wall Street firm Wertheim and Company, Biden's Big Labor policies will create next round of inflation. The Hill. (10-22-2021) https://thehill.com/opinion/finance/577933-bidens-big-labor-policies-will-create-next-round-of-inflation~~//anop Excess inflation causes collapse – destroys savings of millions of households.Jo Harper 21 ~Jo Harper is a freelance British journalist based in Warsaw, writing for the BBC, Politico, Deutsche Welle and others. How big a threat is inflation? – DW – 07/30/2021. dw (7-30-2021) https://beta.dw.com/en/how-big-a-threat-is-inflation/a-58653487~~//anop Recuperating growth is key to international cooperation to solve multiple existential threatsHaass 17 ~Richard Haass, President of the Council on Foreign Relations, previously served as Director of Policy Planning for the US State Department (2001-2003), and was President George W. Bush's special envoy to Northern Ireland and Coordinator for the Future of Afghanistan.~ "A World in Disarray: American Foreign Policy and the Crisis of the Old Order" published January 10, 2017 | 11/6/21 |
ND -- DA -- InfrastructureTournament: UT | Round: 1 | Opponent: Woodlands SP | Judge: david dosch 3Reconciliation passes now without further cuts – Holdouts tentatively say yes and our ev assumes every aff non-uq warrantReklaitis 12/02 ~Victor, MarketWatch's Money and Politics reporter and is based in Washington, D.C. Prior to joining MarketWatch, he served as an assistant editor and reporter at Investor's Business Daily, "Biden's big social-spending bill probably will pass Senate this month without many cuts to it, analysts say", 12-02-2021, https://www.marketwatch.com/story/bidens-big-social-spending-bill-probably-will-pass-senate-this-month-without-many-cuts-to-it-analysts-say-11638466738~~//pranav Biden PC is key to getting democratic skeptics on board, but it's tentativeCochrane and Weisman 11/05 ~Emily Cochrane - correspondent based in Washington. She has covered Congress since late 2018, focusing on the annual debate over government funding and economic legislation, ranging from emergency pandemic relief to infrastructure, Jonathan Weisman - congressional correspondent, veteran Washington journalist and author of the novel "No. 4 Imperial Lane" and the nonfiction book "(((Semitism))): Being Jewish in America in the Age of Trump." His career in journalism stretches back 30 years, "Live Updates: House Democrats Push Toward Votes on Biden's Agenda", 11-05-2021, https://www.nytimes.com/live/2021/11/05/us/biden-spending-infrastructure-bill~~//pranav They lash out against Reconciliation – it will includes similar provisionsFURCHTGOTT-ROTH 10/09 ~Diana, former acting assistant secretary for economic policy at the U.S. Department of the Treasury, is adjunct professor of economics at George Washington University, "Democrats can't pass the PRO Act, so it's buried in the reconciliation bill", 10-09-2021, https://thehill.com/opinion/white-house/575992-dems-cant-pass-the-pro-act-so-its-buried-in-the-reconciliation-bill~~//pranav Reconciliation is k2 stopping existential climate change – warming is incremental and every change in temperature is vitalHiggins 8/16 ~Trevor, Senior Director, Domestic Climate and Energy, "Budget Reconciliation Is the Key to Stopping Climate Change", 08-16-2021, https://www.americanprogress.org/issues/green/news/2021/08/16/502681/budget-reconciliation-key-stopping-climate-change/~~//pranav | 12/5/21 |
ND -- DA -- InfrastructureTournament: UT | Round: 1 | Opponent: Woodlands SP | Judge: david dosch 3Reconciliation passes now without further cuts – Holdouts tentatively say yes and our ev assumes every aff non-uq warrantReklaitis 12/02 ~Victor, MarketWatch's Money and Politics reporter and is based in Washington, D.C. Prior to joining MarketWatch, he served as an assistant editor and reporter at Investor's Business Daily, "Biden's big social-spending bill probably will pass Senate this month without many cuts to it, analysts say", 12-02-2021, https://www.marketwatch.com/story/bidens-big-social-spending-bill-probably-will-pass-senate-this-month-without-many-cuts-to-it-analysts-say-11638466738~~//pranav Biden PC is key to getting democratic skeptics on board, but it's tentativeCochrane and Weisman 11/05 ~Emily Cochrane - correspondent based in Washington. She has covered Congress since late 2018, focusing on the annual debate over government funding and economic legislation, ranging from emergency pandemic relief to infrastructure, Jonathan Weisman - congressional correspondent, veteran Washington journalist and author of the novel "No. 4 Imperial Lane" and the nonfiction book "(((Semitism))): Being Jewish in America in the Age of Trump." His career in journalism stretches back 30 years, "Live Updates: House Democrats Push Toward Votes on Biden's Agenda", 11-05-2021, https://www.nytimes.com/live/2021/11/05/us/biden-spending-infrastructure-bill~~//pranav They lash out against Reconciliation – it will includes similar provisionsFURCHTGOTT-ROTH 10/09 ~Diana, former acting assistant secretary for economic policy at the U.S. Department of the Treasury, is adjunct professor of economics at George Washington University, "Democrats can't pass the PRO Act, so it's buried in the reconciliation bill", 10-09-2021, https://thehill.com/opinion/white-house/575992-dems-cant-pass-the-pro-act-so-its-buried-in-the-reconciliation-bill~~//pranav Reconciliation is k2 stopping existential climate change – warming is incremental and every change in temperature is vitalHiggins 8/16 ~Trevor, Senior Director, Domestic Climate and Energy, "Budget Reconciliation Is the Key to Stopping Climate Change", 08-16-2021, https://www.americanprogress.org/issues/green/news/2021/08/16/502681/budget-reconciliation-key-stopping-climate-change/~~//pranav | 12/5/21 |
ND -- K -- Settlerism v Asian MMTournament: UT | Round: 5 | Opponent: Coppell ER | Judge: Joseph Wofford Indigeneity connotates a state of non-ontology allowing for the construction of the human that legitimizes its self into a history of elimination, jettisoned from or assimilated into the national body to cohere settler temporalityBelcourt 16. Billy-Ray Belcourt is from the Driftpile Cree Nation. He is a 2016 Rhodes Scholar and is reading for an M.St. in Women's Studies at the University of Oxford. He was named by CBC Books as one of six Indigenous writers to watch, and his poetry has been published or is forthcoming in Assaracus: A Journal of Gay Poetry, Red Rising Magazine, SAD Mag, mâmawi-âcimowak, PRISM International, and The Malahat Review. ("A POLTERGEIST MANIFESTO," 2016, Feral Feminism) vikas recut aaditg Model minority exclusion is predicated on settler anxiety; they only operate under solving for the external impacts of settler colonialism but ignore the root cause to all settler oppression, reintrenching the settler's position of powerVimalassery and Day, 18 (Manu Vimalassery and Iyko Day, 4-3-2018, accessed on 7-14-2020, Muse.jhu, "Project MUSE - Alien Capital: Asian Racialization and the Logic of Settler Colonial Capitalism by Iyko Day (review)", https://muse.jhu.edu/article/689184) WW JC Settler colonialism through Asian Americanist critique. Operating in a framework that crosses the Canada-US border, Alien Capital argues that Asian Americans personify abstract value in North American settler colonial capitalism and provide a racial target for the anxieties of settlers reacting to capitalist abstraction. Day's argument hinges on the ways that settler colonial glorification of the concrete—as exemplified in whiteness and the nuclear family and revolving around settler appropriations of indigenous relations with place (in which settlers substitute themselves as native)—manifests anxieties concerning the contradictions of settler capitalism. Settlers displace these anxieties onto variously racialized aliens, violently associating Asian bodies with the domination of capitalist abstraction. Elimination and exclusion, Day convincingly argues, are interlinked modes of settler colonialism. "Asians," she writes, "are as unnatural to the landscape as Indigenous peoples are natural. This is the double edge of settler colonialism" (112). I understand North American settler sovereignty to be a reactive set of future-oriented claims articulated and levied against indigenous relationalities, which I call counter-sovereignty. Day's argument helps me understand that alien desires, as queer desires, potentially disrupt settler futurity, and given the fact and necessity of ongoing indigenous existence to the stability of settler colonialism, futurity is all that settlers can actually claim. Settler sovereignty is preemptive. Alien desires, then, potentially disrupt settler sovereignty, and anti-Asian racism anxiously lashes out in the present against the possible displacement of settler futures. In the first chapter, Day reads Richard Fung's Dirty Laundry alongside Maxine Hong Kingston's China Men, drawing connections between their depictions of Chinese railroad labor, time, and money. The chapter begins with an analysis of a telegram sent by William Van Horne, president of the Canadian Pacific Railway. The telegram, Day argues, exemplifies the role of telegraphs and railroads in the "consolidation of the settler nation" through new temporalities marked by increased speed and uniformity over distances (41). On the back of the telegraph is a sketch of a Chinese worker's facial profile, which the Canadian Pacific Railway disallowed from reproduction in the book; Day considers this censorious silence over the course of the chapter, exploring the ways in which the representation of a Chinese worker is "out of sync" with settler temporality in historical and contemporary corporate and colonial practices (42). Tensions between the signifiers of race and capital—the vertical lines of the Chinese worker's mustache depicted on the back of the telegram mirror the lines of double-entry records detailed on the telegram's 200 Book Reviews front—led to the association of exploited and vulnerable Chinese labor with social perversion, which Day argues fed the Chinese workers' dehumanization as abstract labor (44). Day argues that Fung and Kingston interrupt this dehumanization by framing racialized labor through the interplay of sexuality and temporality, opening up questions about social necessity and the value of (racial) capital. Alien desires offer no future guarantee for white settler colonialism. Alien desires disrupt settler futurity, setting trajectories in motion that displace the reproduction of settler claims to define and control indigenous places. The second chapter moves from the question of time to artistic depictions of the physical landscapes affected by settler colonialism, focusing on the photographs of Tseng Kwong Chi and Jin-me Yoon. The chapter begins with an analysis of Ken Gonzalez-Day's Erased Lynching, a manipulated photograph of a lynching in the western United States. Reading this photograph as producing visibility out of erasure, Day transitions from her analysis of the telegram in the first chapter to introduce the second chapter's argument concerning constructions of settler colonial landscapes as concrete sites of indigenous erasure and of indigenizing purity and authenticity on the part of settlers. Day argues that Tseng's and Yoon's work parodizes and disrupts the setter landscape through alien racial difference. For instance, Day shows how Tseng's photographs of his own body in front of tourist landmarks impose an "extravagant degeneration," an alien abstraction juxtaposed against concrete manifestations of nature (82). Such displays foreground the imperial dimensions of US and Canadian landscape art, which Day claims are predicated on the genocide of indigenous peoples. As with the queerness of Chinese railroad labor, Tseng's body in his photographs fails to project permanence or purity, undermining them instead. In the book's third chapter, Day focuses on Japanese internment in the US and Canada. Day examines how Joy Kagawa's Obasan and Rea Tajiri's History and Memory exemplify shifting identifications of Japanese, Jewish, and indigenous people toward different ends. Parsing various theories, Day focuses on the economic irrationality of racism as a driving factor for Japanese internment. She connects this irrationality to the development of the model minority myth, as it resignifies Asian labor from dangerous hyper-efficiency—associated with the production of unnatural value—to commendable pliability and productivity in the form of an "ideal surplus labor force" (122). This resignification, she argues, rescripts Japanese people in Canada and the US as transient laborers (rather than as posing dangerous Book Reviews 201 competition to white labor and capital). According to Day, "settler colonial logics of elimination (from land) and exclusion (as exploited alien labor) are not mutually exclusive but dialectically connected" (141). In the fourth chapter, which analyzes Asian Americans in the neoliberal urban spaces of Vancouver and Los Angeles through Ken Lum's multimedia art and Karen Tei Yamashita's Tropic of Orange, Day reads Lum's performance piece Entertainment for Surrey and the character Manzanar from Tropic of Orange as indexes of nonproductive bodies in neoliberal urban settings. Lum's and Manzanar's bodies, Day suggests, are examples of those bodies which remain distinct from populations that are exploited on a racial and gendered basis as surplus labor, visually interrupting capitalist circulation on the highways of Vancouver and Los Angeles. Following the neoliberal reconstitution of immigration laws in Canada and the US, the border became a site to construct neoliberal multiculturalism through a new migrant labor system, resulting in the economic bifurcation of Asian racialization. Day crucially draws out the ways that both ends of this economic bifurcation are distinctly targeted as capital in the abstract and in Asian bodies. Lum's work, Day argues, disrupts the seemingly smooth and transparent surfaces of a multiculturalism that announces itself as antiracist and instead leaves the viewer suspended in the nonequivalence—the instabilities—between differently marked ways of being human. Day's theorization of alien capital as embodied in Asians and other nonnative people of color provides a compelling model to draw out connections between colonialism, race, and capitalism in North America. Day offers an excellent and necessary addition to the growing academic literature at the junction between Asian American studies and settler colonial studies. How, over this long history, does ongoing indigenous presence inflect the association of Asian bodies and desires with abstract capital in colonized lands? How does this abstraction work differently when we proceed from the centrality of the slave property claim to racial capitalism, resting not on a labor theory of value but on force-claims of dominion of masters over the enslaved? In what ways does alien capital resonate or dissipate in a context of dreams of (black) freedom and indigenous resurgence?The alternative is refusal – a political depression that recognizes reconciliation will never be enough and creates harmful optimism to the political. Instead, embrace an affective pessimism that grounds alternative futures. The question is not whether Native people want the world, but if the world wants Native peopleBelcourt 2016 (Billy-ray Belcourt is from the Driftpile Cree Nation. He is a 2016 Rhodes Scholar and is reading for an M.St. in Women's Studies at the University of Oxford. He was named by CBC Books as one of six Indigenous writers to watch,Political Depression in a Time of Reconciliation, Jan 15, 2016, http://activehistory.ca/2016/01/political-depression-in-a-time-of-reconciliation/)//NotJacob//recut anop | 12/5/21 |
ND -- K -- Settlerism v IsraelTournament: Glenbrooks | Round: 1 | Opponent: Lauren Woodall | Judge: James Logan ZW Indigeneity connotates a state of non-ontology allowing for the construction of the human that legitimizes its self into a history of elimination, jettisoned from or assimilated into the national body to cohere settler temporalityBelcourt 16. Billy-Ray Belcourt is from the Driftpile Cree Nation. He is a 2016 Rhodes Scholar and is reading for an M.St. in Women's Studies at the University of Oxford. He was named by CBC Books as one of six Indigenous writers to watch, and his poetry has been published or is forthcoming in Assaracus: A Journal of Gay Poetry, Red Rising Magazine, SAD Mag, mâmawi-âcimowak, PRISM International, and The Malahat Review. ("A POLTERGEIST MANIFESTO," 2016, Feral Feminism) vikas recut aaditg Systems of knowledge serve to institute and replicate settler colonialism — the human is a storytelling species and knowledge systems are always already being chartered through the replication of sociogenic codesWynter and McKittrick 15. Sylvia Wynter is a Professor Emerita at Stanford University. Katherine McKittrick is a professor in Gender Studies at Queen's University. She is an academic and writer whose work focuses on black studies, cultural geography, anti-colonial and diaspora studies, with an emphasis on the ways in which liberation emerges in black creative texts. (Sylvia Wynter: On Being Human as Praxis, Duke University Press, 2015) vikas The affirmative's positing of worker strikes as a solvency mechanism for human rights is an insufficient tool that fails to recognize the logics of Israeli settler colonialism which means the aff cant solve and will get circumvented while also legitimizing unjust Israeli authorityAyyash 20 ~Mark Muhannad Ayyash is an Associate Professor of Sociology at Mount Royal University in Calgary, Canada.. . "Israel is a settler colony, annexing native land is what it does". 2-25-2020. Aljiazeera https://www.aljazeera.com/opinions/2020/7/7/israel-is-a-settler-colony-annexing-native-land-is-what-it-does. Accessed 11-20-2021~ aaditg The alternative is refusal – a political depression that recognizes reconciliation will never be enough and creates harmful optimism to the political. Instead, embrace an affective pessimism that grounds alternative futures. The question is not whether Native people want the world, but if the world wants Native peopleBelcourt 2016 (Billy-ray Belcourt is from the Driftpile Cree Nation. He is a 2016 Rhodes Scholar and is reading for an M.St. in Women's Studies at the University of Oxford. He was named by CBC Books as one of six Indigenous writers to watch,Political Depression in a Time of Reconciliation, Jan 15, 2016, http://activehistory.ca/2016/01/political-depression-in-a-time-of-reconciliation/)//NotJacob//recut anop The counterinterpretation is that you should evaluate the 1AC as an object of study~a~ Sociogeny – debate may not spill over to political change but it has the potential to reproduce affirmations and negations that trigger neurohcmeical responses via reward and punishment mechanisms privilege certain research methods as valuable in the way debaters view the world.~b~ Objectivity – consequence based plan focus shifts the focus of debate from our investments in settler colonialism to a plan text, which is incoherent because debate is a communicative activity and their inter sidesteps discussions of genocide. | 11/20/21 |
ND -- K -- Settlerism v JaeggiTournament: Apple Valley | Round: 1 | Opponent: Bronx NK | Judge: Grant Brown 2Indigeneity connotates a state of non-ontology allowing for the construction of the human that legitimizes its self into a history of elimination, jettisoned from or assimilated into the national body to cohere settler temporalityBelcourt 16. Billy-Ray Belcourt is from the Driftpile Cree Nation. He is a 2016 Rhodes Scholar and is reading for an M.St. in Women's Studies at the University of Oxford. He was named by CBC Books as one of six Indigenous writers to watch, and his poetry has been published or is forthcoming in Assaracus: A Journal of Gay Poetry, Red Rising Magazine, SAD Mag, mâmawi-âcimowak, PRISM International, and The Malahat Review. ("A POLTERGEIST MANIFESTO," 2016, Feral Feminism) vikas recut aaditg Systems of knowledge serve to institute and replicate settler colonialism — the human is a storytelling species and knowledge systems are always already being chartered through the replication of sociogenic codesWynter and McKittrick 15. Sylvia Wynter is a Professor Emerita at Stanford University. Katherine McKittrick is a professor in Gender Studies at Queen's University. She is an academic and writer whose work focuses on black studies, cultural geography, anti-colonial and diaspora studies, with an emphasis on the ways in which liberation emerges in black creative texts. (Sylvia Wynter: On Being Human as Praxis, Duke University Press, 2015) vikas Their theory is a form of abstraction away from the material violence of settler colonialism – their view from nowhere is not only useless but actively props up settlerism.Nichols 13 Nichols, R. (2013). Indigeneity and the Settler Contract today. Philosophy and Social Criticism, 39(2), 165–186. doi:10.1177/0191453712470359 SM Settler colonialism expropriates native bodies through a process of proletarianization and racialization grounds labor movements from alienation necessitating an analysis of colonialityEnglert 20 ~Sai Englert is a lecturer in the Institute for Area Studies. I work on political economy and development in the Middle East. July 20, 2020 "Settlers, Workers, and the Logic of Accumulation by Dispossession" https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/anti.12659 ~ aaditg Western colonial frameworks render Nativeness as the raw material for settler vitality — refuse the re-scripting of Native life and death onto settler landscapes and colonial cartographiesUrbanski 16. Claire Urbanski is a doctoral candidate in Feminist Studies with a designated emphasis in Critical Race and Ethnic Studies. As a scholar and social justice activist invested in collective liberation, her work considers how settler colonial ideologies of Indigenous dispossession and gendered violence structure and inform relationships between place, identity, and land. Her doctoral research examines how knowledges of spiritual afterlife have shaped ongoing material structures of United States settler colonial empire ("Genocidal Intimacies: Settler Desire and Carceral Geographies," 2016, American Studies Association) vikas The alternative is refusal – a political depression that recognizes reconciliation will never be enough and creates harmful optimism to the political. Instead, embrace an affective pessimism that grounds alternative futures. The question is not whether Native people want the world, but if the world wants Native peopleBelcourt 2016 (Billy-ray Belcourt is from the Driftpile Cree Nation. He is a 2016 Rhodes Scholar and is reading for an M.St. in Women's Studies at the University of Oxford. He was named by CBC Books as one of six Indigenous writers to watch,Political Depression in a Time of Reconciliation, Jan 15, 2016, http://activehistory.ca/2016/01/political-depression-in-a-time-of-reconciliation/)//NotJacob//recut anop The counterinterpretation is that you should evaluate the 1AC as an object of study~a~ Sociogeny – debate may not spill over to political change but it has the potential to reproduce affirmations and negations that trigger neurohcmeical responses via reward and punishment mechanisms privilege certain research methods as valuable in the way debaters view the world. | 11/5/21 |
ND -- K -- Settlerism v LibertarianismTournament: Glenbrooks | Round: 7 | Opponent: Iowa City West NW | Judge: Grant Brown 1Indigeneity connotates a state of non-ontology allowing for the construction of the human that legitimizes its self into a history of elimination, jettisoned from or assimilated into the national body to cohere settler temporalityBelcourt 16. Billy-Ray Belcourt is from the Driftpile Cree Nation. He is a 2016 Rhodes Scholar and is reading for an M.St. in Women's Studies at the University of Oxford. He was named by CBC Books as one of six Indigenous writers to watch, and his poetry has been published or is forthcoming in Assaracus: A Journal of Gay Poetry, Red Rising Magazine, SAD Mag, mâmawi-âcimowak, PRISM International, and The Malahat Review. ("A POLTERGEIST MANIFESTO," 2016, Feral Feminism) vikas recut aaditg Systems of knowledge serve to institute and replicate settler colonialism — the human is a storytelling species and knowledge systems are always already being chartered through the replication of sociogenic codesWynter and McKittrick 15. Sylvia Wynter is a Professor Emerita at Stanford University. Katherine McKittrick is a professor in Gender Studies at Queen's University. She is an academic and writer whose work focuses on black studies, cultural geography, anti-colonial and diaspora studies, with an emphasis on the ways in which liberation emerges in black creative texts. (Sylvia Wynter: On Being Human as Praxis, Duke University Press, 2015) vikas Their libertarian analysis is rooted in colonialityRobinson 20 ~Rowland Robinson is a PhD holder at the University of Waterloo. "Settler Colonialism + Native Ghosts: An Autoethnographic Account of the Imaginarium of Late Capitalist/Colonialist Storytelling" 2020 https://uwspace.uwaterloo.ca/bitstream/handle/10012/15632/Robinson_Rowland.pdf?sequence=3andisAllowed=y~~ aaditg Ideal theory is a form of abstraction away from the material violence of settler colonialism – their view from nowhere is not only useless but actively props up settlerism.Nichols 13 Nichols, R. (2013). Indigeneity and the Settler Contract today. Philosophy and Social Criticism, 39(2), 165–186. doi:10.1177/0191453712470359 SM Western colonial frameworks render Nativeness as the raw material for settler vitality — refuse the re-scripting of Native life and death onto settler landscapes and colonial cartographiesUrbanski 16. Claire Urbanski is a doctoral candidate in Feminist Studies with a designated emphasis in Critical Race and Ethnic Studies. As a scholar and social justice activist invested in collective liberation, her work considers how settler colonial ideologies of Indigenous dispossession and gendered violence structure and inform relationships between place, identity, and land. Her doctoral research examines how knowledges of spiritual afterlife have shaped ongoing material structures of United States settler colonial empire ("Genocidal Intimacies: Settler Desire and Carceral Geographies," 2016, American Studies Association) vikas The alternative is refusal – a political depression that recognizes reconciliation will never be enough and creates harmful optimism to the political. Instead, embrace an affective pessimism that grounds alternative futures. The question is not whether Native people want the world, but if the world wants Native peopleBelcourt 2016 (Billy-ray Belcourt is from the Driftpile Cree Nation. He is a 2016 Rhodes Scholar and is reading for an M.St. in Women's Studies at the University of Oxford. He was named by CBC Books as one of six Indigenous writers to watch,Political Depression in a Time of Reconciliation, Jan 15, 2016, http://activehistory.ca/2016/01/political-depression-in-a-time-of-reconciliation/)//NotJacob//recut anop The counterinterpretation is that you should evaluate the 1AC as an object of study~a~ Sociogeny – debate may not spill over to political change but it has the potential to reproduce affirmations and negations that trigger neurohcmeical responses via reward and punishment mechanisms privilege certain research methods as valuable in the way debaters view the world.~b~ Objectivity – consequence based plan focus shifts the focus of debate from our investments in settler colonialism to a plan text, which is incoherent because debate is a communicative activity and their inter sidesteps discussions of genocide. | 11/21/21 |
ND -- K -- Settlerism v RipsteinTournament: Glenbrooks | Round: 5 | Opponent: Strake Jesuit MS | Judge: Derek Ying Indigeneity connotates a state of non-ontology allowing for the construction of the human that legitimizes its self into a history of elimination, jettisoned from or assimilated into the national body to cohere settler temporalityBelcourt 16. Billy-Ray Belcourt is from the Driftpile Cree Nation. He is a 2016 Rhodes Scholar and is reading for an M.St. in Women's Studies at the University of Oxford. He was named by CBC Books as one of six Indigenous writers to watch, and his poetry has been published or is forthcoming in Assaracus: A Journal of Gay Poetry, Red Rising Magazine, SAD Mag, mâmawi-âcimowak, PRISM International, and The Malahat Review. ("A POLTERGEIST MANIFESTO," 2016, Feral Feminism) vikas recut aaditg Systems of knowledge serve to institute and replicate settler colonialism — the human is a storytelling species and knowledge systems are always already being chartered through the replication of sociogenic codesWynter and McKittrick 15. Sylvia Wynter is a Professor Emerita at Stanford University. Katherine McKittrick is a professor in Gender Studies at Queen's University. She is an academic and writer whose work focuses on black studies, cultural geography, anti-colonial and diaspora studies, with an emphasis on the ways in which liberation emerges in black creative texts. (Sylvia Wynter: On Being Human as Praxis, Duke University Press, 2015) vikas Ideal theory is a form of abstraction away from the material violence of settler colonialism – their view from nowhere is not only useless but actively props up settlerism.Nichols 13 Nichols, R. (2013). Indigeneity and the Settler Contract today. Philosophy and Social Criticism, 39(2), 165–186. doi:10.1177/0191453712470359 SM Throughout the 20th century, of course, these 'high theories' of human development have come under considerable attack. Although anti-imperial leaders and thinkers from those subject to European colonization had always offered trenchant critiques of the European discourse of progress, and counter-narratives were always available from within European thought, it was not until the 20th century that this counter-discourse began to take hold within Europe itself in any significant way. For instance, one of the first demands of the former colonies in the United Nations was to insist on the removal of references from UN documents to members in terms of 'civilized' versus 'uncivilized'. The reason they gave was that this discourse was a prevailing justification for western imperialism in both its colonial and neo-colonial forms and, by the end of the two world wars – themselves major blows to European pretensions to be the standard of civilization – thousands of people in the West were reading these criticisms and taking them more seriously. And so, combined with various other factors (including the rise of Anglo-American analytic philosophy generally), the historical-anthropology language has largely been displaced by other modes of philosophical reflection – namely, more 'ideal' theory. As we also all know, in the early 1970s a particular variant of this formal or ideal theory came to predominate in the western academy. The publication of John Rawls' A Theory of Justice (1971) and Robert Nozick's Anarchy, State and Utopia (1974) revived and reactivated the intellectual tradition of social contract theory.3 Political 166 Philosophy and Social Criticism 39(2) Downloaded from psc.sagepub.com at NORTH CAROLINA STATE UNIV on March 18, 2015 philosophers after Rawls and Nozick have been generally reluctant to engage in the grand, complex historical and anthropological narratives that characterized the work of, for instance, Hegel and Marx. Instead, they argued that guiding principles for the organization of a just society (and a just relationship between societies) can be generated by abstracting away from the specific historical and cultural conditions of the present. By imagining oneself in (to use Rawls' parlance) an 'original position', behind a 'veil of ignorance' (i.e. without knowledge of one's race, gender, culture, social location, etc.), it is possible to determine what first principles would be generally acceptable to all (regardless of the above qualifiers). The notion of an original 'contract' between such individuals is thus used as a device of representation to generate a normative theory which can then be used to critically examine actually existing practices. This tradition and mode of philosophical reflection have come to replace the 19th-century historical-anthropological discourse as the prevailing manner in which philosophers and political theorists in the western academy (but especially in Anglo-American countries) analyse the possibility of a just relationship to non-western societies. The purpose of this article is to reflect not only upon the limitations, but more importantly upon the political function of this approach, particularly when it is deployed as a resource for reflection on the political struggles and normative claims of the indigenous peoples in the settler-colonial societies of the Anglo-American world (e.g. Australia, Canada, New Zealand, the United States). In so doing, I hope to present a small slice of a much larger project comprising a genealogy of what I will refer to here asthe 'Settler Contract'.4 In usingthe term 'Settler Contract' I am deliberately playing off of previous work by philosophers and political theorists who have been concerned to show the historical function and development of social contract theory in relation to specific axes of oppression and domination. Two of the most important contributions to this literature are Carole Pateman's The Sexual Contract and CharlesMills'TheRacialContract.In Pateman's 1988 work, she rereadthe canon of western social contract theory in an attempt to demonstrate that the presumptively neutral and ideal accounts of the origins of civil society as presented in the works of, for instance, Hobbes, Locke and Rousseau, were in fact always (implicitly or explicitly) sexual-patriarchal narratives that legitimized the subordination of women. In 1995, Charles Mills deliberately borrowed from Pateman in his project of unmasking the racial (or, more precisely, whitesupremacist) nature of the contract. There, Mills defined the 'Racial Contract' as ... that set of formal or informal agreements or meta-agreements ... between the members of one subset of humans, henceforth designated by (shifting) 'racial' (phenotypical/genealogical/cultural) criteria C1, C2, C3 ... as 'white,' and coextensive (making due allowance for gender differentiation) with the class of full persons, to categorize the remaining subset of humans as 'nonwhite' and of a different and inferior moral status, subpersons, so that they have a subordinate civil standing in the white or white-ruled polities the whites either already inhabit or establish or in transactions as aligns with these polities, and the moral and juridical rules normally regulating the behaviour of whites in their dealings with one another either do not apply at all in dealings with nonwhites or apply only in a qualified form.5 Although they have not necessarily used the specific term of art 'Settler Contract', for some time now various thinkers have attempted to contribute to an expansion on these Nichols 167 Downloaded from psc.sagepub.com at NORTH CAROLINA STATE UNIV on March 18, 2015 themes by demonstrating the ways in which social contract theory has served as a primary justificatory device for the establishment of another axis of oppression and domination: an expropriation and usurpation contract whereby the constitution of the ideal civil society is premised upon the extermination of indigenous peoples and/or the displacement of them from their lands. I will use the term 'SettlerContract' to refer to the strategic use of the fiction of a society as the product of a 'contract' between its founding members when it is employed in these historical moments to displace the question of that society's actual formation in acts of conquest, genocide and land appropriation.6 The Settler Contract's reactivation is used not to deny the content of specific indigenous peoples' claims, but rather to shift the register of argumentation to a highly abstract and counter-factual level, relieving the burden of proof from colonial states. In such a case, the original contract between white colonial settlers thus 'simultaneously presupposes, extinguishes, and replaces a state of nature. A settled colony simultaneously presupposes and extinguishes a terra nullius.' 7 The Settler Contract then refers to the dual legitimating function of the philosophical and historical-narrative device of the 'original contract' as the origins of societal order: first, by presupposing no previous indigenous societies and second, by legitimizing the violence required to turn this fiction into reality. Although the Settler Contract has obvious similarities and points of overlap with the Racial Contract, and is constituted in gendered and sexualized practices, it is analysable as a distinct axis since it pertains more to issues related to land appropriation and the subordination of previously sovereign polities and societies. My specific contribution here is twofold. First, I am interested in expanding the scope of these critical genealogies to include the mode of argumentation or style of reasoning endemic to social contract theory. In order to explain what I mean by this it is helpful to look to a point of difference between Pateman and Mills. Although Charles Mills sees the actual historical instantiation of contract theory as implicated in white supremacy, he nevertheless argues that the form or model of reasoning it represents can be 'modified and used for emancipatory purposes'.8 Mills argues that the language of an ideal contract that constitutes society 'serves a useful heuristic purpose – it's a way of dramatizing the original social contract idea of humans choosing the principles that would regulate a just society'.9 This is why Mills described his work as a contribution to that long struggle to 'close the gap between the ideal of the social contract and the reality of the Racial Contract'.10 Carole Pateman, on the other hand, has argued that the theoretical device of an appeal to the 'ideal' contract is itself inherently problematic. This is because Pateman, unlike Mills, sees contract theory as requiring the 'fiction' of property in the person. This theoretical presupposition is, according to Pateman, necessarily enabling of domination and oppression. She writes: Property in the person cannot be contracted out in the absence of the owner. If the worker's services (property) are to be 'employed' in the manner required by the employer, the worker has to go with them. The property is useful to the employer only if the worker acts as the employer demands and, therefore, entry into the contract means that the work becomes a subordinate. The consequence of voluntary entry into a contract is not freedom but superiority and subordination.11 168 Philosophy and Social Criticism 39(2) Downloaded from psc.sagepub.com at NORTH CAROLINA STATE UNIV on March 18, 2015 Although Pateman's more radical and comprehensive critique of social contract theory is instructive here, my contribution is different still. While I agree in general with Pateman's assessment of the inherently problematic nature of contract theory, my aim is to bring to light another facet of this, one specifically related to colonization. As I will discuss in more length below, I am concerned to show how the appeal to an 'ideal' original contract, even as a heuristic device for the generating of 'first principles', serves to displace questions of the historical instantiation of actual political societies and domains of sovereignty and, as such, has served and continues to serve the function of justifying ongoing occupation of settler societies in indigenous territory. To do this, I draw upon a Foucaultian distinction between historico-political vs philosophico-juridical discourses of sovereignty and right as a means of complementing and augmenting previous work on the Settler Contract. Furthermore, I argue that the philosophico-juridical discourse of the Settler Contract has its origins – both in historical time and as an event repeated in contemporaneous time – at the moment in which the weight of the past cannot be borne. Contract theory can therefore be studied not merely in terms of the content of its claims (i.e. true or false depictions of indigenous peoples), but in terms of its strategic function in relieving the burden of the historical inheritance of conquest. When read in light of this function, I argue, contract theory emerges as an inherently problematic framework for the adjudication of indigenous claims and, moreover, for the establishment of a non-colonial relationship between indigenous peoples and settler-colonial societies. This also means, however, that unlike Pateman and Mills, I am less interested in the specific content of, for instance, the racist and demeaning depictions of indigenous peoples as pre-political 'savages' in the works of contract theorists since it is my claim that even independent of any specifically negative portrayal of indigenous peoples within such work, social contract theory is still a vehicle for the displacement of such peoples, conceptually and in actual historical fact. In fact, I want to argue, it is in those places where contract theory is at its most abstract (purportedly neutral and non-evaluative) that it often functions most effectively as a strategy of settler-colonial domination. The second contribution to this discussion I would like to make is to demonstrate how this form of theory continues to function today with respect to the claims of indigenous peoples. Thus, I am also less concerned here with the historical figures of Hobbes, Locke, Rousseau and Kant than Pateman or Mills, and more interested in those contemporary thinkers who explicitly work in this tradition – philosophers such as John Rawls, Robert Nozick and, the focus of this article, Jeremy Waldron. A few caveats before I proceed. First, it is not my claim that contemporary thinkers such as Rawls, Nozick, or Waldron necessarily intend to facilitate the logic of the Settler Contract (though I do not rule out this possibility either). I am not primarily interested in what specific authors intend to do with their arguments, but rather with how a specific rhetorical structure or style of argumentation shapes the discursive space such that certain outcomes appear as the logical or necessary conclusion to an argument when, in fact, the debate has been skewed in this direction by the point of departure itself. Second, I acknowledge that my selection of authors is non-comprehensive. I have chosen here to focus on Jeremy Waldron's recent application of the social contract tradition to the claims of indigenous peoples. This is in part because (as I said at the outset) this particular article is merely one small slice of a much larger genealogy. But it is also in Nichols 169 Downloaded from psc.sagepub.com at NORTH CAROLINA STATE UNIV on March 18, 2015 part because Waldron represents a kind of 'exemplary figure' here. One of the difficulties in examining contemporary analytic contract philosophy as it relates to indigenous claims is that, overwhelmingly, philosophers working within this tradition do not consider such questions at all. Jeremy Waldron is a major exception to this rule. Since Waldron explicitly locates his work within the tradition descending from Hobbes and Locke, through Kant to Rawls and Nozick, and because Waldron's influential and prominent role as legal scholar enmeshes his work closely with the juridical apparatus that actually adjudicates indigenous claims in Anglo-settler societies, and finally, because Waldron (a New Zealander of European descent) takes up the question of 'indigeneity' so directly and seriously, it seems appropriate to take him as an exemplar of the attempt to reformulate some modified version of analytic contract theory in relation to indigenous peoples. Settler colonialism is deeply engrained in Western culture and is reflected through universalist theory—their universalist Enlightenment philosophy is a justification for assimilation and extermination of Indigenous peoplesJohn Hinkinson 12 – Editor at Arena, an Australian maganzine. "Why Settler Colonialism?" Arena. 2012. https://arena.org.au/why-settler-colonialism/ JJNrecut anop There is no human right more sacred than the right to be alive. Without this human right all others are impossible. … protecting the human rights of others is also an inseparable part of realizing our wider foreign policy goals and of promoting our own security.—Ian Pearson, 21 July 2005 The right to be alive is a phrase uttered by U.K. Foreign Cabinet Office Minister Ian Pearson on the future imperative of life in a world visibly insecure of the threats of terror. But it arrives in an ironic time, arriving only hours before the preemptive London shooting—a police action that only deafened the right to be alive to an imminent disappearance, particularly the right to be alive of the innocent migrant. The chronology of the preemptive act coming after the enunciation only serves to suggest how little the chance of the right to be alive gets delivered and received in actuality in the looming shadow of the preemptive. The preemptive arrives at such great speed that in the chronology of events, it sends Pearson's utterance into a precession of meaninglessness. This deafening speed of the preemptive is echoed in another fatal case of the preemptive, this time in Miami in December 2005. This time, a bipolar man, onboard a plane, and who has forgotten to take his medication, hallucinates that he has a bomb in his backpack and makes a dash to get out of the aircraft. Air marshals immediately intervene. Meanwhile, the man's wife runs after her husband, at the same time shouting aloud her husband's medical condition. Witnesses onboard hear her, but somehow not the air marshals. The air marshals only see a risk of another terrorist threat. They are deaf to any counter-hypothesis (i.e. the counterhypothesis that the man is not a terrorist). And so they preemptively take the man down with a series of bullets. Like the Brazilian in the London shooting, this man is innocent. There has been no bomb or threat of terrorism involved in the entire incident. In the same speech of Pearson's in which the right to be alive is enunciated, Pearson also mentions other ways besides terrorism in which the right to be alive is taken away from life itself: "poverty, oppression, exploitation, and dictatorship." He has forgotten to add police action. Police preemptive action violently supplements that list. To be sure, there is no doubt that the phrase the right to be alive will continue to be reiterated again, re-amplified from the side of the State, in another situation, at another place. After all, according to Rancière, in contemporary democracy and its globalization, "We are effectively witnessing an active multiplying and redefining of rights, aimed at getting law, rights, the rule of law, and the legal ideal circulating throughout society, at adapting to and anticipating all the movements of society" (1999:111). But if the acceleration of the absolute preemptive gets its way, if that becomes the way of contemporary life, alongside the reiterations of the right to be alive, then it gets in the way of the right to be alive as a fact—as a fact of freedom of existence—and lets that fact slide into a logic of the simulacrum. According to Baudrillard, the simulacrum is what always needs to announce itself, always needs to amplify and reproduce its sign, in order to drown out the silent disappearance of the thing it seeks to articulate. As long as the preemptive is in place, as long as the preemptive is institutionally given a path of normalization, the right to be alive would slowly erode from being a given fact of freedom of any living being sharing the common space of the world to a condition only managed and decided from the side of either the military or police of the State. How does one get outside the State's biopolitical capture of the right to be alive, in the face of an impending preemptive? Minority Report offers a possible trajectory (not without its own aporia) that allows one to get, or keep, outside the preemptive. There exists, in the world of Minority Report, a countermeasure against the preemptive act of "precrime." And this counterpreemptive potentiality is lodged in the "minority report" of a "precog" who sees a different outcome from the other "precogs" (i.e. it sees the criminal-to-be not being a criminal). The problem with this "minority report" is that it gets shelved aside through a statistical consideration that a deviant vision from one "precog" cannot be more right than the consensual visions of the two other "precogs." That it should be otherwise is almost impossible, almost unthinkable. In that way, the "minority report" never gets delivered or read. The criminal-to-be, as interpreted and decided by "precrime," and who may just not be the criminal, and will never even be when arrested by "precrime," never sees the light of this information that he or she might indeed not even be the criminal-to-be after all in the first place. If this "minority report" were given a proper sending (and not a sending-off) in simultaneity with the dissemination of the preemptive "precrime" operation to "neutralize" the criminal-to-be, it would have been the prophylaxis against the preemptive that denies the right to be alive. It would be prophylactic in another way too, and certainly securing the right to be alive at the same time, should it be given a time of dissemination. According to John Anderton, the prophylaxis of the "minority report" would work by giving the criminal-to-be a space and time for a counter-hypothesis that will see to him or her not following through the crime as interpreted by the "precog"-"monkey machine"-human interpreter-"precrime" complex. It is only with the making possible the reading or readability of the "minority report" that "the preview of the ~crime~ had cancelled out the ~crime~; prophylaxis had occurred simply in ~John Anderton~ being informed" (Dick 1997:340). To counter the preemptive, it is all a matter of sending out the prophylaxis.Western colonial frameworks render Nativeness as the raw material for settler vitality — refuse the re-scripting of Native life and death onto settler landscapes and colonial cartographiesUrbanski 16. Claire Urbanski is a doctoral candidate in Feminist Studies with a designated emphasis in Critical Race and Ethnic Studies. As a scholar and social justice activist invested in collective liberation, her work considers how settler colonial ideologies of Indigenous dispossession and gendered violence structure and inform relationships between place, identity, and land. Her doctoral research examines how knowledges of spiritual afterlife have shaped ongoing material structures of United States settler colonial empire ("Genocidal Intimacies: Settler Desire and Carceral Geographies," 2016, American Studies Association) vikas The alternative is refusal – a political depression that recognizes reconciliation will never be enough and creates harmful optimism to the political. Instead, embrace an affective pessimism that grounds alternative futures. The question is not whether Native people want the world, but if the world wants Native peopleBelcourt 2016 (Billy-ray Belcourt is from the Driftpile Cree Nation. He is a 2016 Rhodes Scholar and is reading for an M.St. in Women's Studies at the University of Oxford. He was named by CBC Books as one of six Indigenous writers to watch,Political Depression in a Time of Reconciliation, Jan 15, 2016, http://activehistory.ca/2016/01/political-depression-in-a-time-of-reconciliation/)//NotJacob//recut anop The counterinterpretation is that you should evaluate the 1AC as an object of study~a~ Sociogeny – debate may not spill over to political change but it has the potential to reproduce affirmations and negations that trigger neurohcmeical responses via reward and punishment mechanisms privilege certain research methods as valuable in the way debaters view the world.~b~ Objectivity – consequence based plan focus shifts the focus of debate from our investments in settler colonialism to a plan text, which is incoherent because debate is a communicative activity and their inter sidesteps discussions of genocide. | 11/21/21 |
ND -- K -- Settlerism v Techno OrientalismTournament: UT | Round: 4 | Opponent: Little Rock MG | Judge: Josh Porter Indigeneity connotates a state of non-ontology allowing for the construction of the human that legitimizes its self into a history of elimination, jettisoned from or assimilated into the national body to cohere settler temporalityBelcourt 16. Billy-Ray Belcourt is from the Driftpile Cree Nation. He is a 2016 Rhodes Scholar and is reading for an M.St. in Women's Studies at the University of Oxford. He was named by CBC Books as one of six Indigenous writers to watch, and his poetry has been published or is forthcoming in Assaracus: A Journal of Gay Poetry, Red Rising Magazine, SAD Mag, mâmawi-âcimowak, PRISM International, and The Malahat Review. ("A POLTERGEIST MANIFESTO," 2016, Feral Feminism) vikas recut aaditg Techno-orientalism is reliant and constitutive of settler colonialism – turns case because the aff serves to reproduce itselfArvin 18 ~Maile Arvin Dr. Maile Arvin is an assistant professor of History and Gender Studies at the University of Utah. She is a Native Hawaiian feminist scholar who works on issues of race, gender, science and colonialism in Hawai'i and the broader Pacific. At the University of Utah, she is part of the leadership of the Pacific Islands Studies Initiative, which was awarded a Mellon Foundation grant to support ongoing efforts to develop Pacific Islands Studies curriculum, programming and student recruitment and support. "Polynesia Is a Project, Not a Place : Polynesian Proximities to Whiteness in Cloud Atlas and Beyond" 2018 https://laulima.hawaii.edu/access/content/user/kfrench/sociology/Family_Text/SOC20214/Beyond20Ethnicity20Hawaii/Chapter_1_Polynesia20is20a20Project2C20not20a20place.pdf ~ aaditg The alternative is to refuse the affirmative's endorsement of settler political selfhood. This isn't "reject the aff"—it's a micro-political process that destabilizes the settler psyche by breaking down the coherence of settler colonialism built through repetition. Debate is an ethical affirmation of a certain ideology. Voting neg forces a confrontation of the genocidal settlement, destabilizing the settler subject—that comes prior to evaluating the settler truth claims of the aff.Henderson 15 Henderson, Phil. (2015). Imagoed communities: the psychosocial space of settler colonialism. Settler Colonial Studies, 7(1), 40–56. doi:10.1080/2201473x.2015.1092194 JParkrecut anop | 12/4/21 |
ND -- K --- Settlerism v CapitalismTournament: Apple Valley | Round: 6 | Opponent: Cooper City NR | Judge: Julian Kuffour 1Indigeneity connotates a state of non-ontology allowing for the construction of the human that legitimizes its self into a history of elimination, jettisoned from or assimilated into the national body to cohere settler temporalityBelcourt 16. Billy-Ray Belcourt is from the Driftpile Cree Nation. He is a 2016 Rhodes Scholar and is reading for an M.St. in Women's Studies at the University of Oxford. He was named by CBC Books as one of six Indigenous writers to watch, and his poetry has been published or is forthcoming in Assaracus: A Journal of Gay Poetry, Red Rising Magazine, SAD Mag, mâmawi-âcimowak, PRISM International, and The Malahat Review. ("A POLTERGEIST MANIFESTO," 2016, Feral Feminism) vikas recut aaditg Systems of knowledge serve to institute and replicate settler colonialism — the human is a storytelling species and knowledge systems are always already being chartered through the replication of sociogenic codesWynter and McKittrick 15. Sylvia Wynter is a Professor Emerita at Stanford University. Katherine McKittrick is a professor in Gender Studies at Queen's University. She is an academic and writer whose work focuses on black studies, cultural geography, anti-colonial and diaspora studies, with an emphasis on the ways in which liberation emerges in black creative texts. (Sylvia Wynter: On Being Human as Praxis, Duke University Press, 2015) vikas Western colonial frameworks render Nativeness as the raw material for settler vitality — refuse the re-scripting of Native life and death onto settler landscapes and colonial cartographiesUrbanski 16. Claire Urbanski is a doctoral candidate in Feminist Studies with a designated emphasis in Critical Race and Ethnic Studies. As a scholar and social justice activist invested in collective liberation, her work considers how settler colonial ideologies of Indigenous dispossession and gendered violence structure and inform relationships between place, identity, and land. Her doctoral research examines how knowledges of spiritual afterlife have shaped ongoing material structures of United States settler colonial empire ("Genocidal Intimacies: Settler Desire and Carceral Geographies," 2016, American Studies Association) vikas The specter of extinction is a product of antiqueer, settler anxieties that arise not only from settlerism's guilt for destroying the planet's ability to sustain itself, but also from the settler's need to strengthen solidarity and defer confrontation with native genocideDalley 16. Hamish Dalley is an Assistant professor of English at Daemen College and techer in the areas of ancient and modern world literature ~"The deaths of settler colonialism: extinction as a metaphor of decolonization in contemporary settler literature," Settler Colonial Studies, Issue Number, No. 8~vikas The 1AC's analysis of Marxism is grounded in Eurocentric thought reifying colonialismRobinson 20 ~Rowland Robinson is a PhD holder at the University of Waterloo. "Settler Colonialism + Native Ghosts: An Autoethnographic Account of the Imaginarium of Late Capitalist/Colonialist Storytelling" 2020 https://uwspace.uwaterloo.ca/bitstream/handle/10012/15632/Robinson_Rowland.pdf?sequence=3andisAllowed=y~~ aaditg Settler colonialism expropriates native bodies through a process of proletarianization and racialization which turns the starting point for their western labor movementEnglert 20 ~Sai Englert is a lecturer in the Institute for Area Studies. I work on political economy and development in the Middle East. July 20, 2020 "Settlers, Workers, and the Logic of Accumulation by Dispossession" https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/anti.12659 ~ aaditg The alternative is refusal – a political depression that recognizes reconciliation will never be enough and creates harmful optimism to the political. Instead, embrace an affective pessimism that grounds alternative futures. The question is not whether Native people want the world, but if the world wants Native peopleBelcourt 2016 (Billy-ray Belcourt is from the Driftpile Cree Nation. He is a 2016 Rhodes Scholar and is reading for an M.St. in Women's Studies at the University of Oxford. He was named by CBC Books as one of six Indigenous writers to watch,Political Depression in a Time of Reconciliation, Jan 15, 2016, http://activehistory.ca/2016/01/political-depression-in-a-time-of-reconciliation/)//NotJacob//recut anop The counterinterpretation is that you should evaluate the 1AC as an object of study~a~ Sociogeny – debate may not spill over to political change but it has the potential to reproduce affirmations and negations that trigger neurohcmeical responses via reward and punishment mechanisms privilege certain research methods as valuable in the way debaters view the world.~b~ Objectivity – consequence based plan focus shifts the focus of debate from our investments in settler colonialism to a plan text, which is incoherent because debate is a communicative activity and their inter sidesteps discussions of genocide.~c~ Temporality – the affs models teaches violence can be wished away through administrative tinkering propogating desires within debate to play as activits without reimagnign the social structures that cause violence in the first place. Viewing the ballot as an mechanism to restore ethicality fails – they still dogmatically adhere to these protocols even though they know debate doesn't caus emateiral change. That creates an process where nativeness is confined to death as their promise of a fiated political horizon relies on a politics of futurity. | 11/6/21 |
ND -- T -- A v IsraelTournament: Glenbrooks | Round: 1 | Opponent: Lauren Woodall | Judge: James Logan ZW Interpretation – The affirmative must defend all governments."A" is an indefinite article that modifies "government" in the res – this means that you have to prove the resolution true in a VACUUM, not in a particular instanceCCC ("Articles, Determiners, and Quantifiers", http://grammar.ccc.commnet.edu/grammar/determiners/determiners.htm~~#articles, Capital Community College Foundation, a nonprofit 501 c-3 organization that supports scholarships, faculty development, and curriculum innovation) LHSLA JC/SJ "Governments" is a generic indefinite singular.Leslie 12 Leslie, Sarah-Jane. "Generics." In Routledge Handbook of Philosophy of Language, edited by Gillian Russell and Delia Fara, 355–366. Routledge, 2012. https://www.princeton.edu/~~sjleslie/RoutledgeHandbookEntryGenerics.pdf SM Upward entailment – saying all leaderships should have unconditional right to strike is different from all governmentsViolation- you specify .Standards–Limits: specifying a democracy offers huge explosion in the topic since they get permutations of 76 governments, like US, Hong Kong, or Mauritius.That outweighs: TVA: affirm the entire resolution and have the _ as an advantage – solvesDrop the Debater –~1~ sets a precedent that debaters wont be abusive~2~ DTA is the same since you drop the affVoters:~1~ Fairness – constitutive to the judge to decide the better debater, only fairness is in your jurisdiction because it skews decision making~2~ Education – the only portable education from debate that we care aboutCompeting Interps:~1~ reasonability on t is incoherent: you're either topical or you're not – it's impossible to be 77 topical, links to all limits offense~2~ functionally the same as reasonability – we debate over a specified briteline which is a counter interp~3~ judge intervention – judge has to intervene on what's reasonable, creates a race to the bottom where debaters exploit judge tolerance for questionable argumentation.No RVIs~1~ illogical for you to get offense just for being fair – it's the 1ac's burden~2~ baiting - rvi's incentivize debaters to read abusive positions to win off theory~3~ discourages checking abuse since debaters will be afraid to lose on theory | 11/20/21 |
ND -- T -- Unconditional v IsraelTournament: Glenbrooks | Round: 1 | Opponent: Lauren Woodall | Judge: James Logan ZW Interpretation: Unconditional means not conditional or limited. – to clarify, the affirmative must defend the right of all workers to strike at any time.Merriam Webster (https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/unconditional)//ww pbjnot conditional or limited Violation: they don't because they defend Palestine which is a specification over the term "right to strike" which means the ci of unconditional right for palestinan workers is incoherent bc you cant spec something thts unconditional.Standards:~1~ Limits – allows an aff infinite permutations of arbitrary conditions like no striking for medical workers, not if it causes harm, or only for a certain duration. Explosion of aff ground makes neg prep burden impossible, either killing neg ground or forcing the neg to read generics that barely link, always letting aff win. Force the 1AR to read a definition card with a clear list of when its okay to put conditions and what they are – otherwise, its arbitrary and you should vote neg since they can't put a clear limit on the topic. Our interp solves – it establishes a clear bright-line for that gives the neg a chance to predict and prepare for every aff ahead of time.~2~ Precision – not defending the text of the resolution justifies the affirmative doing away with random words in the resolution which a~ means they're not within the topic which is a voter for jurisdiction since you can only vote affirmative on the resolution and this debate never should have happened, b~ they're unpredictable and impossible to engage in so we always lose~3~ Ground – kills neg ground since they can pre-empt all neg strategy which makes all condition PICs not competitive and kills all links to the DA since they'll just condition it like the Health Workers DA, destroys engagement and advocacy skills | 11/20/21 |
SO -- CP -- AspirinTournament: Greenhill | Round: 3 | Opponent: Sage MP | Judge: Rodrigo CP Text: The member nations of the World Trade Organization should increase intellectual property protections for Aspirin. They should exclude patent applications for medicines based on Indigenous knowledge from patentability for all other medicines.It reduces pain, risk of heart attack and certain types of cancers.Suiter Swantz IP Staff '18 ~Suiter Swantz IP is a full-service intellectual property law firm, based in Omaha, NE, serving all of Nebraska, Iowa, and South Dakota, "Patent of the Week: Acetyl Salicylic Acid (Aspirin)", 03-05-2018, https://suiter.com/patent-week-acetyl-salicylic-acid-aspirin/~~//pranav Colorectal cancer kills thousands per year- early treatment is key to prevention.Gastroenterology Consultants San Antonio '19 ~Gastroenterology Consultants of San Antonio is the premier gastroenterology practice in South Texas, "Colon Cancer is the 2nd leading cause of cancer related death in the United States", 03-29-2019, https://www.gastroconsa.com/colon-cancer-2nd-leading-cause-cancer-related-death/~~//pranav | 9/18/21 |
SO -- CP -- CRISPR CAS v Data ExclusivityTournament: St Marks | Round: Doubles | Opponent: Greenhill KD | Judge: panel vishan, derek hillgross, yardley rosas CP Text – The Member Nations of the World Trade Organization should increase production of the gene editing technology CRIPSR – Cas.Solves their amr impactMBS 19 ~The Microbiology Society (previously the Society for General Microbiology) is a learned society based in the United Kingdom with a worldwide membership based in universities, industry, hospitals, research institutes and schools. "CRISPR-CAS COULD HOLD THE SOLUTION TO AMR" 3-7-2019 https://microbiologysociety.org/news/society-news/crispr-cas-could-hold-the-solution-to-amr.html~~ aaditg | 10/18/21 |
SO -- CP -- US ProductionTournament: Greenhill | Round: 6 | Opponent: Agnes EH | Judge: Zaid Umar CP Text – The United States federal government ought to establish a global leadership role in production and distribution of COVID-19 vaccines and treatments by engaging in talks with NATO and the G-7 and expanding support of COVAX including at minimum, vaccinating one billion people around the globe by November 2021 and encourage public-private partnerships and facilitate overseas licensing agreements without reducing intellectual property rights.The CP solves vaccine distribution and re-vitalizes American influence BUT US leadership is key.Gayle et Al 21 Helene Gayle, Gordon LaForge, and Anne-Marie Slaughter 3-19-2021 "American Can-and Should-Vaccinate the World" https://archive.is/wtVC2~~#selection-1369.0-1369.54 (Helene D. Gayle, MD, MPH, has been president and CEO of The Chicago Community Trust, one of the nation's oldest and largest community foundations, since October 2017. Under her leadership, the Trust has adopted a new strategic focus on closing the racial and ethnic wealth gap in the Chicago region. For almost a decade, Dr. Gayle was president and CEO of CARE, a leading international humanitarian organization. An expert on global development, humanitarian, and health issues, she spent 20 years with the Centers for Disease Control, working primarily on HIV/AIDS.)Elmer Waiving IP rights undercuts the perception of American medical innovation superiority which allows China and Russia to expand influence – a unilaterally-led global effort jumpstarts Vaccine Diplomacy in the face of Chinese and Russian weaknessSasse 5-17 Ben Sasse 5-17-2021 "U.S. Can Stop the Pandemic and Counter China" https://archive.is/NOKMj~~#selection-4197.0-4265.96 (Ben Sasse has a bachelor's degree in government from Harvard University, a Master of Arts in liberal studies from St. John's College and master's and doctoral degrees in American history from Yale University. He taught at the University of Texas and served as an assistant secretary in the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.)Elmer US-led LIO solves Existential Threats.Ikenberry 20 John Ikenberry 6-9-2020 "The Next Liberal Order: The Age of Contagion Demands More Internationalism, Not Less" https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/united-states/2020-06-09/next-liberal-order (Albert G. Milbank Professor of Politics and International Affairs at Princeton University and Global Eminence Scholar at Kyung Hee University, in South Korea)Elmer | 9/19/21 |
SO -- DA -- Heg Innovation vs SemiocapitalismTournament: Meadows | Round: 4 | Opponent: San Mateo ZS | Judge: Amy Nyberg America's maintaining hegemony and countering China's rise through "counter-punching" strategies, but sustained innovation and private sector investment are key – reject "US declining now" args – the US has historically punched over its weight whenever it's challengedHarr 8/3 ~Scott, Army Special Forces Officer and Ph.D. Candidate at the Helms School of Government, Liberty University. He holds an undergraduate degree in Arabic Language Studies from West Point and a Master's degree in Middle Eastern Affairs from Liberty University. A trained Arabic and Farsi speaker with over four years of cumulative deployment time in the Middle East, his work has been featured in The Diplomat, RealClearDefense, The Strategy Bridge, Modern War Institute, Military Review, The National Interest, and Joint Force Quarterly among other national security-focused venues, "By Avoiding Arms Races, America Can Counter China's Rise", 08-03-2021, https://nationalinterest.org/feature/avoiding-arms-races-america-can-counter-chinaE28099s-rise-191094~~//pranav The 1AC's reduction of IPP is America "handing over its crown jewels" to competing nations by disincentivizing record setting innovation that causes spillover to other fields and destroys American hegemony.Iancu 8/11 ~Andrei, American-Romanian engineer and intellectual property attorney, who served as the Under Secretary of Commerce for Intellectual Property and Director of the United States Patent and Trademark Office from 2017 to 2021, "Biden is trying to undermine America's world-leading IP protections", https://m.washingtontimes.com/news/2021/aug/11/biden-is-trying-to-undermine-americas-world-leadin/~~//pranav Only U.S. hegemony prevents global instability—-alternatives can't maintain peaceHaass, 17 - President of the Council on Foreign Relations (Richard, "Who Will Fill America's Shoes?," Project Syndicate, 6-24-2017, https://www.project-syndicate.org/commentary/global-leadership-successor-to-america-by-richard-n—haass-2017-06) Goes nuclear—-extinctionThomas H. Henricksen 17, emeritus senior fellow at the Hoover Institution, 3/23/17, "Post-American World Order," http://www.hoover.org/research/post-american-world-order | 10/31/21 |
SO -- DA -- Heg Innovation vs SemiocapitalismTournament: Meadows | Round: 4 | Opponent: San Mateo ZS | Judge: Amy Nyberg America's maintaining hegemony and countering China's rise through "counter-punching" strategies, but sustained innovation and private sector investment are key – reject "US declining now" args – the US has historically punched over its weight whenever it's challengedHarr 8/3 ~Scott, Army Special Forces Officer and Ph.D. Candidate at the Helms School of Government, Liberty University. He holds an undergraduate degree in Arabic Language Studies from West Point and a Master's degree in Middle Eastern Affairs from Liberty University. A trained Arabic and Farsi speaker with over four years of cumulative deployment time in the Middle East, his work has been featured in The Diplomat, RealClearDefense, The Strategy Bridge, Modern War Institute, Military Review, The National Interest, and Joint Force Quarterly among other national security-focused venues, "By Avoiding Arms Races, America Can Counter China's Rise", 08-03-2021, https://nationalinterest.org/feature/avoiding-arms-races-america-can-counter-chinaE28099s-rise-191094~~//pranav The 1AC's reduction of IPP is America "handing over its crown jewels" to competing nations by disincentivizing record setting innovation that causes spillover to other fields and destroys American hegemony.Iancu 8/11 ~Andrei, American-Romanian engineer and intellectual property attorney, who served as the Under Secretary of Commerce for Intellectual Property and Director of the United States Patent and Trademark Office from 2017 to 2021, "Biden is trying to undermine America's world-leading IP protections", https://m.washingtontimes.com/news/2021/aug/11/biden-is-trying-to-undermine-americas-world-leadin/~~//pranav Only U.S. hegemony prevents global instability—-alternatives can't maintain peaceHaass, 17 - President of the Council on Foreign Relations (Richard, "Who Will Fill America's Shoes?," Project Syndicate, 6-24-2017, https://www.project-syndicate.org/commentary/global-leadership-successor-to-america-by-richard-n—haass-2017-06) Goes nuclear—-extinctionThomas H. Henricksen 17, emeritus senior fellow at the Hoover Institution, 3/23/17, "Post-American World Order," http://www.hoover.org/research/post-american-world-order | 10/31/21 |
SO -- DA -- InfrastructureTournament: Greenhill | Round: 6 | Opponent: Agnes EH | Judge: Zaid Umar Infrastructure passes nowWong and Lillis 9/9 (Scott, Reporter for The Hill, Mike, Reporter for The Hill, "Democrats hit crunch time for passing Biden agenda," 9-9-2021, The Hill, https://thehill.com/homenews/house/571418-democrats-hit-crunch-time-for-passing-biden-agenda, RN) Big Pharma hates the plan – empirics – err neg our ev literally cites their press releasesPhRMA '21 ~The Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturers of America (PhRMA) represents the country's leading innovative biopharmaceutical research companies, which are devoted to discovering and developing medicines that enable patients to live longer, healthier and more productive lives. Since 2000, PhRMA member companies have invested nearly $1 trillion in the search for new treatments and cures, including an estimated $83 billion in 2019 alone, "PhRMA Statement on WTO TRIPS Intellectual Property Waiver", 05-05-2021, https://www.phrma.org/coronavirus/phrma-statement-on-wto-trips-intellectual-property-waiver~~//pranav They lash out against infra and use COVID clout to kill it – they have public support, and a win now postpones reform indefinitely which turns case Fuchs et al. 09/02 ~Hailey Fuchs attended Yale University and was an inaugural Bradlee Fellow for The Washington Post, where she reported on national politics, Alice Ollstein is a health care reporter for POLITICO Pro, covering the Capitol Hill beat. Prior to joining POLITICO, she covered federal policy and politics for Talking Points Memo, Megan Wilson is a health care and influence reporter at POLITICO, "Drug industry banks on its Covid clout to halt Dems' push on prices", 09-02-2021, https://www.politico.com/news/2021/09/02/drug-prices-democrats-lobbying-508127~~//pranav Big pharma always wins – independently kills aff solvency bc it causes the plan to be watered down so much that de facto monopolies can surviveFlorko and Facher '19 ~Nicholas Florko is a Stat News Washington correspondent and Lev Facher is Stat News health and life sciences writer, "How pharma, under attack from all sides, keeps winning in Washington", 07-16-2019, Stat News, https://www.statnews.com/2019/07/16/pharma-still-winning/~~//pranav Infra's k2 stopping existential climate change – warming is incremental and every change in temperature is vitalHiggins 8/16 ~Trevor, Senior Director, Domestic Climate and Energy, "Budget Reconciliation Is the Key to Stopping Climate Change", 08-16-2021, https://www.americanprogress.org/issues/green/news/2021/08/16/502681/budget-reconciliation-key-stopping-climate-change/~~//pranav | 9/19/21 |
SO -- DA -- Infrastructure v Data ExclusivityTournament: St Marks | Round: Doubles | Opponent: Greenhill KD | Judge: panel vishan, derek hillgross, yardley rosas Biden PC is key to getting Manchin and Sinema on board and he won't give up – it's try or die and the margin of error is literally 0.Strauss 10/13 ~Daniel, Staff Writer @ The New Republic, "Has the Time Come for Biden to Knock Some Heads on Capitol Hill?", 10-13-2021, https://newrepublic.com/article/163982/biden-reconciliation-cost-democrats~~//pranav Pharma hates the plan – they want longer data exclusivity which independently incentivizes development of "biosimilars".Park '16 ~Caroline, studied metabolic syndrome at the Cowan Laboratory of the Harvard Stem Cell Institute. As a Herchel Smith Fellow in 2016, she focused on the effects of maternal malnutrition on fetal development, "Data Exclusivity: What is it and why does it matter?", 01-20-2016, https://www.senseandsustainability.net/2016/01/20/data-exclusivity-what-is-it-and-why-does-it-matter/~~//pranav They lash out against infra and use COVID clout to kill it – they have public support, and a win now postpones reform indefinitely which turns case Fuchs et al. 09/02 ~Hailey Fuchs attended Yale University and was an inaugural Bradlee Fellow for The Washington Post, where she reported on national politics, Alice Ollstein is a health care reporter for POLITICO Pro, covering the Capitol Hill beat. Prior to joining POLITICO, she covered federal policy and politics for Talking Points Memo, Megan Wilson is a health care and influence reporter at POLITICO, "Drug industry banks on its Covid clout to halt Dems' push on prices", 09-02-2021, https://www.politico.com/news/2021/09/02/drug-prices-democrats-lobbying-508127~~//pranav Big pharma always wins – independently kills aff solvency bc it causes the plan to be watered down so much that de facto monopolies can surviveFlorko and Facher '19 ~Nicholas Florko is a Stat News Washington correspondent and Lev Facher is Stat News health and life sciences writer, "How pharma, under attack from all sides, keeps winning in Washington", 07-16-2019, Stat News, https://www.statnews.com/2019/07/16/pharma-still-winning/~~//pranav Infra's k2 stopping existential climate change – warming is incremental and every change in temperature is vitalHiggins 8/16 ~Trevor, Senior Director, Domestic Climate and Energy, "Budget Reconciliation Is the Key to Stopping Climate Change", 08-16-2021, https://www.americanprogress.org/issues/green/news/2021/08/16/502681/budget-reconciliation-key-stopping-climate-change/~~//pranav | 10/18/21 |
SO -- DA -- InnovationTournament: Greenhill | Round: 6 | Opponent: Agnes EH | Judge: Zaid Umar America's maintaining hegemony and countering China's rise through "counter-punching" strategies, but sustained innovation and private sector investment are key – reject "US declining now" args – the US has historically punched over its weight whenever it's challengedHarr 8/3 ~Scott, Army Special Forces Officer and Ph.D. Candidate at the Helms School of Government, Liberty University. He holds an undergraduate degree in Arabic Language Studies from West Point and a Master's degree in Middle Eastern Affairs from Liberty University. A trained Arabic and Farsi speaker with over four years of cumulative deployment time in the Middle East, his work has been featured in The Diplomat, RealClearDefense, The Strategy Bridge, Modern War Institute, Military Review, The National Interest, and Joint Force Quarterly among other national security-focused venues, "By Avoiding Arms Races, America Can Counter China's Rise", 08-03-2021, https://nationalinterest.org/feature/avoiding-arms-races-america-can-counter-chinaE28099s-rise-191094~~//pranav The 1AC's reduction of IPP for ~medicine~ is America "handing over its crown jewels" to competing nations by disincentivizing record setting innovation that causes spillover to other fields and destroys American hegemony.Iancu 8/11 ~Andrei, American-Romanian engineer and intellectual property attorney, who served as the Under Secretary of Commerce for Intellectual Property and Director of the United States Patent and Trademark Office from 2017 to 2021, "Biden is trying to undermine America's world-leading IP protections", https://m.washingtontimes.com/news/2021/aug/11/biden-is-trying-to-undermine-americas-world-leadin/~~//pranav Only U.S. hegemony prevents global instability—-alternatives can't maintain peaceHaass, 17 - President of the Council on Foreign Relations (Richard, "Who Will Fill America's Shoes?," Project Syndicate, 6-24-2017, https://www.project-syndicate.org/commentary/global-leadership-successor-to-america-by-richard-n—haass-2017-06) Goes nuclear—-extinctionThomas H. Henricksen 17, emeritus senior fellow at the Hoover Institution, 3/23/17, "Post-American World Order," http://www.hoover.org/research/post-american-world-order | 9/19/21 |
SO -- DA -- Innovation v Data ExclusivityTournament: St Marks | Round: Doubles | Opponent: Greenhill KD | Judge: panel vishan, derek hillgross, yardley rosas Biotech industry strong now – new innovation and RandD comingCancherini et al. 4/30 ~Laura, Engagement Manager @ McKinsey and Company, Joseph Lydon, Associate Partner @ McKinsey and Company, Jorge Santos Da Silva, Senior Partner at McKinsey and Company, and Alexandra Zemp, Partner at McKinsey and Company~ "What's ahead for biotech: Another wave or low tide?", McKinsey and Company, 4-30-2021, https://www.mckinsey.com/industries/pharmaceuticals-and-medical-products/our-insights/whats-ahead-for-biotech-another-wave-or-low-tide ajs Reductions in Data Exclusivity stifle biopharmaceutical innovationChakrabarti 14 ~ Gargi Chakrabarti is an Associate Professor at the Faculty of Law at National Law University, Jodhpur. September 2014 "Need of Data Exclusivity: Impact on Access to Medicine" http://nopr.niscair.res.in/bitstream/123456789/29506/1/JIPR20192852920325-336.pdf~~//aaditg Biopharmaceutical innovation is key to prevent future pandemics and bioterror – turns caseMarjanovic and Feijao 20 ~(Sonja Marjanovic, Ph.D., Judge Business School, University of Cambridge. Carolina Feijao, Ph.D. in biochemistry, University of Cambridge; M.Sc. in quantitative biology, Imperial College London; B.Sc. in biology, University of Lisbon.) "How to Best Enable Pharma Innovation Beyond the COVID-19 Crisis," RAND Corporation, 05-2020, https://www.rand.org/pubs/perspectives/PEA407-1.html~~ TDI COVID incentivizes engineered bioterror- extinctionWalsh, 20 — Axios Future correspondent ~Bryan Walsh, "The coronavirus pandemic reawakens bioweapon fears," Axios, 5-14-2020, https://www.axios.com/coronavirus-pandemic-pathogen-bioweapon-45417c86-52aa-41b1-8a99-44a6e597d3a8.html, accessed 9-7-2020~ | 10/18/21 |
SO -- DA -- Innovation vs BiopiracyTournament: Greenhill | Round: 3 | Opponent: Sage MP | Judge: Rodrigo Biotech industry strong now – new innovation and RandD comingCancherini et al. 4/30 ~Laura, Engagement Manager @ McKinsey and Company, Joseph Lydon, Associate Partner @ McKinsey and Company, Jorge Santos Da Silva, Senior Partner at McKinsey and Company, and Alexandra Zemp, Partner at McKinsey and Company~ "What's ahead for biotech: Another wave or low tide?", McKinsey and Company, 4-30-2021, https://www.mckinsey.com/industries/pharmaceuticals-and-medical-products/our-insights/whats-ahead-for-biotech-another-wave-or-low-tide ajs Strong IPR is key to innovation – empirics and FDIEzell and Cory 19 ~Stephen Ezell, BS from School of Foreign Service at Georgetown, VP of global innovation policy at Information Technology and Innovation Foundation. Nigel Cory, MA in public policy from Georgetown, BA in international business from Griffith University, Associate Director of trade policy at Information Technology and Innovation Foundation, former researcher in the Southeast Asia Program at the Center for Strategic and International Studies.~ "The Way Forward for Intellectual Property Internationally," Information Technology and Innovation Foundation, April 25, 2019, https://itif.org/publications/2019/04/25/way-forward-intellectual-property-internationally TG The link is massive – 50+ percent of prescription meds stem from Indigenous knowledge – preempot just proves thuisEiland 08 ~Dr. Eiland received a doctorate in Oriental Archaeology from Oxford University and an LLM from the Munich Intellectual Property Law Center~, "Patenting Traditional Medicine", Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH and Co. KG, pg. 7-10, 2008 SLC PK Biopharmaceutical innovation is key to prevent future pandemics and bioterror – turns caseMarjanovic and Feijao 20 ~(Sonja Marjanovic, Ph.D., Judge Business School, University of Cambridge. Carolina Feijao, Ph.D. in biochemistry, University of Cambridge; M.Sc. in quantitative biology, Imperial College London; B.Sc. in biology, University of Lisbon.) "How to Best Enable Pharma Innovation Beyond the COVID-19 Crisis," RAND Corporation, 05-2020, https://www.rand.org/pubs/perspectives/PEA407-1.html~~ TDI COVID incentivizes engineered bioterror- extinctionWalsh, 20 — Axios Future correspondent ~Bryan Walsh, "The coronavirus pandemic reawakens bioweapon fears," Axios, 5-14-2020, https://www.axios.com/coronavirus-pandemic-pathogen-bioweapon-45417c86-52aa-41b1-8a99-44a6e597d3a8.html, accessed 9-7-2020~ | 9/18/21 |
SO -- K -- Capitalism v JordanTournament: Meadows | Round: 1 | Opponent: South Carroll PK | Judge: Nethmin Liyanage The aff's portrayal of a world with reduced IP protections as an "information commons" where medical inequality is solved by deregulation perpetuates the neoliberal myth of a perfect market | 10/30/21 |
SO -- K -- Settlerism v2Tournament: Grapevine | Round: 3 | Opponent: Plano East NG | Judge: James Stuckert 1The 1AC is invested in a death drive to perfection that inevitably comes out of the gratuitous violence of Indigenous people. The state operates through a drive of eradicating the otherness of the other, which is constitutive of Native genocide.Young 17 (Bryanne Huston, Doctoral Student at the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill "Killing the Indian in the Child: Materialities of Death and Political Formations of Life in the Canadian Indian Residential School System," pp. 48-55) NIJrecut anop The aff's analysis of health overlooks structures of white supremacy and settler colonialism dictating healtb conditions for indigenous people which turns the case.Kashyap 20 ~Monika Batra Kashyap is a Visiting Assistant Professor at Seattle University School of Law, Ronald A. Peterson Law Clinic. J.D., University of California Berkeley School of Law. November 2020 California Law Review "U.S. Settler Colonialism, White Supremacy, and the Racially Disparate Impacts of COVID-19" https://www.californialawreview.org/settler-colonialism-white-supremacy-covid-19/~~ aaditg The specter of extinction is a product of antiqueer, settler anxieties that arise not only from settlerism's guilt for destroying the planet's ability to sustain itself, but also from the settler's need to strengthen solidarity and defer confrontation with native genocideDalley 16. Hamish Dalley is an Assistant professor of English at Daemen College and techer in the areas of ancient and modern world literature ~"The deaths of settler colonialism: extinction as a metaphor of decolonization in contemporary settler literature," Settler Colonial Studies, Issue Number, No. 8~vikas The alternative is to refuse the affirmative's endorsement of settler political selfhood. This isn't "reject the aff"—it's a micro-political process that destabilizes the settler psyche by breaking down the coherence of settler colonialism built through repetition. Debate is an ethical affirmation of a certain ideology. Voting neg forces a confrontation of the genocidal settlement, destabilizing the settler subject—that comes prior to evaluating the settler truth claims of the aff.Henderson 15 Henderson, Phil. (2015). Imagoed communities: the psychosocial space of settler colonialism. Settler Colonial Studies, 7(1), 40–56. doi:10.1080/2201473x.2015.1092194 JParkrecut anop The counterinterpretation is that you should evaluate the 1AC as an object of study~a~ Sociogeny – debate may not spill over to political change but it has the potential to reproduce affirmations and negations that trigger neurohcmeical responses via reward and punishment mechanisms privilege certain research methods as valuable in the way debaters view the world.~b~ Objectivity – consequence based plan focus shifts the focus of debate from our investments in settler colonialism to a plan text, which is incoherent because debate is a communicative activity and their inter sidesteps discussions of genocide. | 9/11/21 |
SO -- K -- Settlerism v3Tournament: Greenhill | Round: 2 | Opponent: Mercer Island KS | Judge: James Stuckert Indigeneity connotates a state of non-ontology allowing for the construction of the human that legitimizes its self into a history of elimination, jettisoned from or assimilated into the national body to cohere settler temporalityBelcourt 16. Billy-Ray Belcourt is from the Driftpile Cree Nation. He is a 2016 Rhodes Scholar and is reading for an M.St. in Women's Studies at the University of Oxford. He was named by CBC Books as one of six Indigenous writers to watch, and his poetry has been published or is forthcoming in Assaracus: A Journal of Gay Poetry, Red Rising Magazine, SAD Mag, mâmawi-âcimowak, PRISM International, and The Malahat Review. ("A POLTERGEIST MANIFESTO," 2016, Feral Feminism) vikas recut aaditg Systems of knowledge serve to institute and replicate settler colonialism — the human is a storytelling species and knowledge systems are always already being chartered through the replication of sociogenic codesWynter and McKittrick 15. Sylvia Wynter is a Professor Emerita at Stanford University. Katherine McKittrick is a professor in Gender Studies at Queen's University. She is an academic and writer whose work focuses on black studies, cultural geography, anti-colonial and diaspora studies, with an emphasis on the ways in which liberation emerges in black creative texts. (Sylvia Wynter: On Being Human as Praxis, Duke University Press, 2015) vikas Western colonial frameworks render Nativeness as the raw material for settler vitality — refuse the re-scripting of Native life and death onto settler landscapes and colonial cartographiesUrbanski 16. Claire Urbanski is a doctoral candidate in Feminist Studies with a designated emphasis in Critical Race and Ethnic Studies. As a scholar and social justice activist invested in collective liberation, her work considers how settler colonial ideologies of Indigenous dispossession and gendered violence structure and inform relationships between place, identity, and land. Her doctoral research examines how knowledges of spiritual afterlife have shaped ongoing material structures of United States settler colonial empire ("Genocidal Intimacies: Settler Desire and Carceral Geographies," 2016, American Studies Association) vikas The aff's analysis of health overlooks structures of white supremacy and settler colonialism dictating healtb conditions for indigenous people which turns the case.Kashyap 20 ~Monika Batra Kashyap is a Visiting Assistant Professor at Seattle University School of Law, Ronald A. Peterson Law Clinic. J.D., University of California Berkeley School of Law. November 2020 California Law Review "U.S. Settler Colonialism, White Supremacy, and the Racially Disparate Impacts of COVID-19" https://www.californialawreview.org/settler-colonialism-white-supremacy-covid-19/~~ aaditg The alternative is refusal – a political depression that recognizes reconciliation will never be enough and creates harmful optimism to the political. Instead, embrace an affective pessimism that grounds alternative futures. The question is not whether Native people want the world, but if the world wants Native peopleBelcourt 2016 (Billy-ray Belcourt is from the Driftpile Cree Nation. He is a 2016 Rhodes Scholar and is reading for an M.St. in Women's Studies at the University of Oxford. He was named by CBC Books as one of six Indigenous writers to watch,Political Depression in a Time of Reconciliation, Jan 15, 2016, http://activehistory.ca/2016/01/political-depression-in-a-time-of-reconciliation/)//NotJacob//recut anop The counterinterpretation is that you should evaluate the 1AC as an object of study~a~ Sociogeny – debate may not spill over to political change but it has the potential to reproduce affirmations and negations that trigger neurohcmeical responses via reward and punishment mechanisms privilege certain research methods as valuable in the way debaters view the world.~b~ Objectivity – consequence based plan focus shifts the focus of debate from our investments in settler colonialism to a plan text, which is incoherent because debate is a communicative activity and their inter sidesteps discussions of genocide.~c~ Temporality – the affs models teaches violence can be wished away through administrative tinkering propogating desires within debate to play as activits without reimagnign the social structures that cause violence in the first place. Viewing the ballot as an mechanism to restore ethicality fails – they still dogmatically adhere to these protocols even though they know debate doesn't caus emateiral change. That creates an process where nativeness is confined to death as their promise of a fiated political horizon relies on a politics of futurity. | 9/18/21 |
SO -- K -- Settlerism v4Tournament: St Marks | Round: 2 | Opponent: Immaculate Heart RR | Judge: Eli Smith Indigeneity connotates a state of non-ontology allowing for the construction of the human that legitimizes its self into a history of elimination, jettisoned from or assimilated into the national body to cohere settler temporalityBelcourt 16. Billy-Ray Belcourt is from the Driftpile Cree Nation. He is a 2016 Rhodes Scholar and is reading for an M.St. in Women's Studies at the University of Oxford. He was named by CBC Books as one of six Indigenous writers to watch, and his poetry has been published or is forthcoming in Assaracus: A Journal of Gay Poetry, Red Rising Magazine, SAD Mag, mâmawi-âcimowak, PRISM International, and The Malahat Review. ("A POLTERGEIST MANIFESTO," 2016, Feral Feminism) vikas recut aaditg Systems of knowledge serve to institute and replicate settler colonialism — the human is a storytelling species and knowledge systems are always already being chartered through the replication of sociogenic codesWynter and McKittrick 15. Sylvia Wynter is a Professor Emerita at Stanford University. Katherine McKittrick is a professor in Gender Studies at Queen's University. She is an academic and writer whose work focuses on black studies, cultural geography, anti-colonial and diaspora studies, with an emphasis on the ways in which liberation emerges in black creative texts. (Sylvia Wynter: On Being Human as Praxis, Duke University Press, 2015) vikas Western colonial frameworks render Nativeness as the raw material for settler vitality — refuse the re-scripting of Native life and death onto settler landscapes and colonial cartographiesUrbanski 16. Claire Urbanski is a doctoral candidate in Feminist Studies with a designated emphasis in Critical Race and Ethnic Studies. As a scholar and social justice activist invested in collective liberation, her work considers how settler colonial ideologies of Indigenous dispossession and gendered violence structure and inform relationships between place, identity, and land. Her doctoral research examines how knowledges of spiritual afterlife have shaped ongoing material structures of United States settler colonial empire ("Genocidal Intimacies: Settler Desire and Carceral Geographies," 2016, American Studies Association) vikas The specter of extinction is a product of antiqueer, settler anxieties that arise not only from settlerism's guilt for destroying the planet's ability to sustain itself, but also from the settler's need to strengthen solidarity and defer confrontation with native genocideDalley 16. Hamish Dalley is an Assistant professor of English at Daemen College and techer in the areas of ancient and modern world literature ~"The deaths of settler colonialism: extinction as a metaphor of decolonization in contemporary settler literature," Settler Colonial Studies, Issue Number, No. 8~vikas The 1AC's appeal to innovation and western imperial science under the justification of solving disease is grounded in the "jungle" functioning through a logic of biocolonialismBarker 19 ~Clare Barker is a an Associate Professor in English Literature (Medical Humanities) Their Areas of expertise : postcolonial literature; indigenous literature; disability studies; medical humanities. "Biocolonial Fictions: Medical Ethics and New Extinction Their appeals to genomic medicine research are built upon exploitation of native bodiesTsosie et al 21 ~ Krystal S. Tsosie is a Navajo geneticist and bioethics at Vanderbilt University, Joseph M. Yracheta is Vice President of the Native BioData Consortium:, Jessica Kolopenuk (Cree, Peguis First Nation) is an assistant professor at the Faculty of Native Studies at the University of Alberta. and Dr. Janis Geary is a postdoctoral research associate at ASU's School for the Future of Innovation. "We Have "Gifted" Enough: Indigenous Genomic Data Sovereignty in Precision Medicine" , The American Journal of Bioethics, 21:4, 72-75, DOI: 10.1080/15265161.2021.1891347~ aaditg The alternative is refusal – a political depression that recognizes reconciliation will never be enough and creates harmful optimism to the political. Instead, embrace an affective pessimism that grounds alternative futures. The question is not whether Native people want the world, but if the world wants Native peopleBelcourt 2016 (Billy-ray Belcourt is from the Driftpile Cree Nation. He is a 2016 Rhodes Scholar and is reading for an M.St. in Women's Studies at the University of Oxford. He was named by CBC Books as one of six Indigenous writers to watch,Political Depression in a Time of Reconciliation, Jan 15, 2016, http://activehistory.ca/2016/01/political-depression-in-a-time-of-reconciliation/)//NotJacob//recut anop The counterinterpretation is that you should evaluate the 1AC as an object of study~a~ Sociogeny – debate may not spill over to political change but it has the potential to reproduce affirmations and negations that trigger neurohcmeical responses via reward and punishment mechanisms privilege certain research methods as valuable in the way debaters view the world.~b~ Objectivity – consequence based plan focus shifts the focus of debate from our investments in settler colonialism to a plan text, which is incoherent because debate is a communicative activity and their inter sidesteps discussions of genocide.~c~ Temporality – the affs models teaches violence can be wished away through administrative tinkering propogating desires within debate to play as activits without reimagnign the social structures that cause violence in the first place. Viewing the ballot as an mechanism to restore ethicality fails – they still dogmatically adhere to these protocols even though they know debate doesn't caus emateiral change. That creates an process where nativeness is confined to death as their promise of a fiated political horizon relies on a politics of futurity. | 10/16/21 |
SO -- K -- Settlerism v5Tournament: St Marks | Round: 4 | Opponent: Strake CM | Judge: Nethmin Liyanage Indigeneity connotates a state of non-ontology allowing for the construction of the human that legitimizes its self into a history of elimination, jettisoned from or assimilated into the national body to cohere settler temporalityBelcourt 16. Billy-Ray Belcourt is from the Driftpile Cree Nation. He is a 2016 Rhodes Scholar and is reading for an M.St. in Women's Studies at the University of Oxford. He was named by CBC Books as one of six Indigenous writers to watch, and his poetry has been published or is forthcoming in Assaracus: A Journal of Gay Poetry, Red Rising Magazine, SAD Mag, mâmawi-âcimowak, PRISM International, and The Malahat Review. ("A POLTERGEIST MANIFESTO," 2016, Feral Feminism) vikas recut aaditg Systems of knowledge serve to institute and replicate settler colonialism — the human is a storytelling species and knowledge systems are always already being chartered through the replication of sociogenic codesWynter and McKittrick 15. Sylvia Wynter is a Professor Emerita at Stanford University. Katherine McKittrick is a professor in Gender Studies at Queen's University. She is an academic and writer whose work focuses on black studies, cultural geography, anti-colonial and diaspora studies, with an emphasis on the ways in which liberation emerges in black creative texts. (Sylvia Wynter: On Being Human as Praxis, Duke University Press, 2015) vikas Western colonial frameworks render Nativeness as the raw material for settler vitality — refuse the re-scripting of Native life and death onto settler landscapes and colonial cartographiesUrbanski 16. Claire Urbanski is a doctoral candidate in Feminist Studies with a designated emphasis in Critical Race and Ethnic Studies. As a scholar and social justice activist invested in collective liberation, her work considers how settler colonial ideologies of Indigenous dispossession and gendered violence structure and inform relationships between place, identity, and land. Her doctoral research examines how knowledges of spiritual afterlife have shaped ongoing material structures of United States settler colonial empire ("Genocidal Intimacies: Settler Desire and Carceral Geographies," 2016, American Studies Association) vikas The specter of extinction is a product of antiqueer, settler anxieties that arise not only from settlerism's guilt for destroying the planet's ability to sustain itself, but also from the settler's need to strengthen solidarity and defer confrontation with native genocideDalley 16. Hamish Dalley is an Assistant professor of English at Daemen College and techer in the areas of ancient and modern world literature ~"The deaths of settler colonialism: extinction as a metaphor of decolonization in contemporary settler literature," Settler Colonial Studies, Issue Number, No. 8~vikas The aff's analysis of health overlooks structures of white supremacy and settler colonialism dictating healtb conditions for indigenous people which turns the case.Kashyap 20 ~Monika Batra Kashyap is a Visiting Assistant Professor at Seattle University School of Law, Ronald A. Peterson Law Clinic. J.D., University of California Berkeley School of Law. November 2020 California Law Review "U.S. Settler Colonialism, White Supremacy, and the Racially Disparate Impacts of COVID-19" https://www.californialawreview.org/settler-colonialism-white-supremacy-covid-19/~~ aaditg The alternative is refusal – a political depression that recognizes reconciliation will never be enough and creates harmful optimism to the political. Instead, embrace an affective pessimism that grounds alternative futures. The question is not whether Native people want the world, but if the world wants Native peopleBelcourt 2016 (Billy-ray Belcourt is from the Driftpile Cree Nation. He is a 2016 Rhodes Scholar and is reading for an M.St. in Women's Studies at the University of Oxford. He was named by CBC Books as one of six Indigenous writers to watch,Political Depression in a Time of Reconciliation, Jan 15, 2016, http://activehistory.ca/2016/01/political-depression-in-a-time-of-reconciliation/)//NotJacob//recut anop The counterinterpretation is that you should evaluate the 1AC as an object of study~a~ Sociogeny – debate may not spill over to political change but it has the potential to reproduce affirmations and negations that trigger neurohcmeical responses via reward and punishment mechanisms privilege certain research methods as valuable in the way debaters view the world.~b~ Objectivity – consequence based plan focus shifts the focus of debate from our investments in settler colonialism to a plan text, which is incoherent because debate is a communicative activity and their inter sidesteps discussions of genocide.~c~ Temporality – the affs models teaches violence can be wished away through administrative tinkering propogating desires within debate to play as activits without reimagnign the social structures that cause violence in the first place. Viewing the ballot as an mechanism to restore ethicality fails – they still dogmatically adhere to these protocols even though they know debate doesn't caus emateiral change. That creates an process where nativeness is confined to death as their promise of a fiated political horizon relies on a politics of futurity. | 10/17/21 |
SO -- K -- Settlerism v6Tournament: St Marks | Round: 5 | Opponent: Harvard Westlake IC | Judge: Josh Martin 1Indigeneity connotates a state of non-ontology allowing for the construction of the human that legitimizes its self into a history of elimination, jettisoned from or assimilated into the national body to cohere settler temporalityBelcourt 16. Billy-Ray Belcourt is from the Driftpile Cree Nation. He is a 2016 Rhodes Scholar and is reading for an M.St. in Women's Studies at the University of Oxford. He was named by CBC Books as one of six Indigenous writers to watch, and his poetry has been published or is forthcoming in Assaracus: A Journal of Gay Poetry, Red Rising Magazine, SAD Mag, mâmawi-âcimowak, PRISM International, and The Malahat Review. ("A POLTERGEIST MANIFESTO," 2016, Feral Feminism) vikas recut aaditg Systems of knowledge serve to institute and replicate settler colonialism — the human is a storytelling species and knowledge systems are always already being chartered through the replication of sociogenic codesWynter and McKittrick 15. Sylvia Wynter is a Professor Emerita at Stanford University. Katherine McKittrick is a professor in Gender Studies at Queen's University. She is an academic and writer whose work focuses on black studies, cultural geography, anti-colonial and diaspora studies, with an emphasis on the ways in which liberation emerges in black creative texts. (Sylvia Wynter: On Being Human as Praxis, Duke University Press, 2015) vikas Western colonial frameworks render Nativeness as the raw material for settler vitality — refuse the re-scripting of Native life and death onto settler landscapes and colonial cartographiesUrbanski 16. Claire Urbanski is a doctoral candidate in Feminist Studies with a designated emphasis in Critical Race and Ethnic Studies. As a scholar and social justice activist invested in collective liberation, her work considers how settler colonial ideologies of Indigenous dispossession and gendered violence structure and inform relationships between place, identity, and land. Her doctoral research examines how knowledges of spiritual afterlife have shaped ongoing material structures of United States settler colonial empire ("Genocidal Intimacies: Settler Desire and Carceral Geographies," 2016, American Studies Association) vikas The specter of extinction is a product of antiqueer, settler anxieties that arise not only from settlerism's guilt for destroying the planet's ability to sustain itself, but also from the settler's need to strengthen solidarity and defer confrontation with native genocideDalley 16. Hamish Dalley is an Assistant professor of English at Daemen College and techer in the areas of ancient and modern world literature ~"The deaths of settler colonialism: extinction as a metaphor of decolonization in contemporary settler literature," Settler Colonial Studies, Issue Number, No. 8~vikas Settler Colonialism constitutes the processes of unequal health care and medicine for indigenous bodies – their use of the state to "solve global health inequality" ignores the disparities natives face in health care and legitimatizes the states power over health careBurnett et al 20 ~Kristin Burnett is part of the Department of Indigenous Studies, Lakehead University, 955 Oliver Road, Thunder Bay, Ontario, P7B 5E1, Canada, Chris Sanders is part of the Department of Sociology, Lakehead University, 955 Oliver Road, Thunder Bay, Ontario, P7B 5E1, Canada, Donna Halperin Is part of the Elizabeth and Thomas Rankin School of Nursing, St. Francis Xavier University, Antigonish, Nova Scotia, Canada Scott Halperin is part of the Division of Infectious Diseases, IWK Health Centre PO Box 9700 5850-5980 University Ave, Halifax, NS B3K 6R8, Canada. "Indigenous Peoples, settler colonialism, and access to health care in rural and northern Ontario" November 2020 https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1353829220300952~~#! aaditg
The 1AC's appeal to innovation and western imperial science under the justification of inequality is grounded in the "jungle" functioning through a logic of biocolonialismBarker 19 ~Clare Barker is a an Associate Professor in English Literature (Medical Humanities) Their Areas of expertise : postcolonial literature; indigenous literature; disability studies; medical humanities. "Biocolonial Fictions: Medical Ethics and New Extinction The alternative is refusal – a political depression that recognizes reconciliation will never be enough and creates harmful optimism to the political. Instead, embrace an affective pessimism that grounds alternative futures. The question is not whether Native people want the world, but if the world wants Native peopleBelcourt 2016 (Billy-ray Belcourt is from the Driftpile Cree Nation. He is a 2016 Rhodes Scholar and is reading for an M.St. in Women's Studies at the University of Oxford. He was named by CBC Books as one of six Indigenous writers to watch,Political Depression in a Time of Reconciliation, Jan 15, 2016, http://activehistory.ca/2016/01/political-depression-in-a-time-of-reconciliation/)//NotJacob//recut anop The counterinterpretation is that you should evaluate the 1AC as an object of study~a~ Sociogeny – debate may not spill over to political change but it has the potential to reproduce affirmations and negations that trigger neurohcmeical responses via reward and punishment mechanisms privilege certain research methods as valuable in the way debaters view the world.~b~ Objectivity – consequence based plan focus shifts the focus of debate from our investments in settler colonialism to a plan text, which is incoherent because debate is a communicative activity and their inter sidesteps discussions of genocide.~c~ Temporality – the affs models teaches violence can be wished away through administrative tinkering propogating desires within debate to play as activits without reimagnign the social structures that cause violence in the first place. Viewing the ballot as an mechanism to restore ethicality fails – they still dogmatically adhere to these protocols even though they know debate doesn't caus emateiral change. That creates an process where nativeness is confined to death as their promise of a fiated political horizon relies on a politics of futurity. | 10/18/21 |
SO -- K -- Settlerism v7Tournament: Meadows | Round: 5 | Opponent: marlborough mj | Judge: david dosch Indigeneity connotates a state of non-ontology allowing for the construction of the human that legitimizes its self into a history of elimination, jettisoned from or assimilated into the national body to cohere settler temporalityBelcourt 16. Billy-Ray Belcourt is from the Driftpile Cree Nation. He is a 2016 Rhodes Scholar and is reading for an M.St. in Women's Studies at the University of Oxford. He was named by CBC Books as one of six Indigenous writers to watch, and his poetry has been published or is forthcoming in Assaracus: A Journal of Gay Poetry, Red Rising Magazine, SAD Mag, mâmawi-âcimowak, PRISM International, and The Malahat Review. ("A POLTERGEIST MANIFESTO," 2016, Feral Feminism) vikas recut aaditg Systems of knowledge serve to institute and replicate settler colonialism — the human is a storytelling species and knowledge systems are always already being chartered through the replication of sociogenic codesWynter and McKittrick 15. Sylvia Wynter is a Professor Emerita at Stanford University. Katherine McKittrick is a professor in Gender Studies at Queen's University. She is an academic and writer whose work focuses on black studies, cultural geography, anti-colonial and diaspora studies, with an emphasis on the ways in which liberation emerges in black creative texts. (Sylvia Wynter: On Being Human as Praxis, Duke University Press, 2015) vikas Western colonial frameworks render Nativeness as the raw material for settler vitality — refuse the re-scripting of Native life and death onto settler landscapes and colonial cartographiesUrbanski 16. Claire Urbanski is a doctoral candidate in Feminist Studies with a designated emphasis in Critical Race and Ethnic Studies. As a scholar and social justice activist invested in collective liberation, her work considers how settler colonial ideologies of Indigenous dispossession and gendered violence structure and inform relationships between place, identity, and land. Her doctoral research examines how knowledges of spiritual afterlife have shaped ongoing material structures of United States settler colonial empire ("Genocidal Intimacies: Settler Desire and Carceral Geographies," 2016, American Studies Association) vikas Their discourse of IPP regimes is grounded in structures of racialization and settler colonialism. Negative state action is not the link – its about how the affirmative legitimizes those structures as valuable and worthy of preservation through a mere reduction keeping these systems in placeVats 19 ~ Anjali Vats Associate Professor of Law, with a secondary appointment in Communication, at the University of Pittsburgh School of Law. "Mapping property" Quartery Journal of Speech http://www.anjalivats.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/Mapping-property.pdf ~ aaditg Their appeals to vaccines are built upon exploitation of native bodiesTsosie et al 21 ~ Krystal S. Tsosie is a Navajo geneticist and bioethics at Vanderbilt University, Joseph M. Yracheta is Vice President of the Native BioData Consortium:, Jessica Kolopenuk (Cree, Peguis First Nation) is an assistant professor at the Faculty of Native Studies at the University of Alberta. and Dr. Janis Geary is a postdoctoral research associate at ASU's School for the Future of Innovation. "We Have "Gifted" Enough: Indigenous Genomic Data Sovereignty in Precision Medicine" , The American Journal of Bioethics, 21:4, 72-75, DOI: 10.1080/15265161.2021.1891347~ aaditg Settler Colonialism constitutes the processes of unequal health care and medicine for indigenous bodies – their use of the state to "solve global health inequality" ignores the disparities natives face in health care and legitimatizes the states power over health careBurnett et al 20 ~Kristin Burnett is part of the Department of Indigenous Studies, Lakehead University, 955 Oliver Road, Thunder Bay, Ontario, P7B 5E1, Canada, Chris Sanders is part of the Department of Sociology, Lakehead University, 955 Oliver Road, Thunder Bay, Ontario, P7B 5E1, Canada, Donna Halperin Is part of the Elizabeth and Thomas Rankin School of Nursing, St. Francis Xavier University, Antigonish, Nova Scotia, Canada Scott Halperin is part of the Division of Infectious Diseases, IWK Health Centre PO Box 9700 5850-5980 University Ave, Halifax, NS B3K 6R8, Canada. "Indigenous Peoples, settler colonialism, and access to health care in rural and northern Ontario" November 2020 https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1353829220300952~~#! aaditg
The alternative is refusal – a political depression that recognizes reconciliation will never be enough and creates harmful optimism to the political. Instead, embrace an affective pessimism that grounds alternative futures. The question is not whether Native people want the world, but if the world wants Native peopleBelcourt 2016 (Billy-ray Belcourt is from the Driftpile Cree Nation. He is a 2016 Rhodes Scholar and is reading for an M.St. in Women's Studies at the University of Oxford. He was named by CBC Books as one of six Indigenous writers to watch,Political Depression in a Time of Reconciliation, Jan 15, 2016, http://activehistory.ca/2016/01/political-depression-in-a-time-of-reconciliation/)//NotJacob//recut anop The counterinterpretation is that you should evaluate the 1AC as an object of study~a~ Sociogeny – debate may not spill over to political change but it has the potential to reproduce affirmations and negations that trigger neurohcmeical responses via reward and punishment mechanisms privilege certain research methods as valuable in the way debaters view the world.~b~ Objectivity – consequence based plan focus shifts the focus of debate from our investments in settler colonialism to a plan text, which is incoherent because debate is a communicative activity and their inter sidesteps discussions of genocide.~c~ Temporality – the affs models teaches violence can be wished away through administrative tinkering propogating desires within debate to play as activits without reimagnign the social structures that cause violence in the first place. Viewing the ballot as an mechanism to restore ethicality fails – they still dogmatically adhere to these protocols even though they know debate doesn't caus emateiral change. That creates an process where nativeness is confined to death as their promise of a fiated political horizon relies on a politics of futurity. | 10/31/21 |
SO -- NC -- DeontologyTournament: St Marks | Round: Doubles | Opponent: Greenhill KD | Judge: panel vishan, derek hillgross, yardley rosas The meta-ethic is practical reason—~1~ Inescapability— I can question why to follow or the validity of an ethical theory, which concedes the authority of reason as if I question reason, I use reason to question. Outweighs on validity—any other truth risks falsity Reality may be fake, our experiences may be arbitrary, and experience may be descriptive not normative, but questioning the validity of reason requires reason, conceding its validity. Any other ethic begs the question of why, meaning it's arbitrary and nonbinding~2~ Action theory— Only reason can explain why we take transitional action to an overall end. For example, setting the end of tea provides me a reason to unify the necessary actions to produce tea, like getting a pot, filling it with water, etc. Any other explanation fails since it can't give meaning to why we take transitioning action – freezing action. 2 Impacts—~a~ That's a side constraint on the AC—ethics is a guide to action so it must appeal to a structure of action.~b~ Bindingness—reason is intrinsic to actions since only it can provide value to transitioning action, which justifies universalityThat justifies universality—If we are all reasoners, we must all be able to determine if an action is good. An action that maximizes my freedom at the cost of others then would have to be recognized as good by everyone, but that leads to a contradiction where everyone takes other's freedoms to maximize theirs, making it impossible to reach my endThus, the standard is respecting a system of inner and outer freedomNow Negate:Possession of a medical innovation is a form of intelligible possession – the redistribution of a patented product with the affirmative harms economic gain, violating freedom.Frederick 07 ~Rauscher, Frederick, 7-24-2007, "Kant's Social and Political Philosophy (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy)," No Publication, https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/kant-social-political/~~#ProConRig~~ WW DL Reducing IP law uses people as a means to an end violating their freedom.Kornyo, 14 (Emmanuel Kornyo, 9-11-2014, accessed on 8-14-2021, Journals.library.columbia, "Patent Protection and the Global Access to Essential Pharmaceuticals during Patent Infringements under TRIPS| Voices in Bioethics", https://journals.library.columbia.edu/index.php/bioethics/article/view/6467)WWPP | 10/18/21 |
SO -- T -- IPP v Data ExclusivityTournament: St Marks | Round: Doubles | Opponent: Greenhill KD | Judge: panel vishan, derek hillgross, yardley rosas Interpretation: Intellectual property on medicine only refers to patents.Oxfam ~Oxfam is a British founded confederation of 20 independent charitable organizations focusing on the alleviation of global poverty, founded in 1942 and led by Oxfam International. It is a major nonprofit group with an extensive collection of operations, "Intellectual property and access to medicine", No Date, https://www.oxfamamerica.org/explore/issues/economic-well-being/intellectual-property-and-access-to-medicine/~~//pranav Violation: Data exclusivity is IP on data from clinical trials, not on the medicine itself and is distinct from patent protection.1AC Thrasher '21 ~Rachel, received a JD and a master's degree in international relations, both from Boston University. She works on policy issues related to trade and investment agreements, trade law and development, economic relations between developing countries, and multilateral environmental agreements. She is the co-editor, alongside former Pardee Center Director Adil Najam, of a Pardee-sponsored book titled The Future of South-South Economic Relations. She teaches a course on trade and development at the Pardee School of Global Studies and continues to research areas of trade and investment agreements and their impact on development policy as part of the Global Economic Governance Initiative at Boston University, "Chart of the Week: How Data Exclusivity Laws Impact Drug Prices", 05-21-2021, https://www.bu.edu/gdp/2021/05/25/chart-of-the-week-how-data-exclusivity-laws-impact-drug-prices/~~//pranav ~1~ limits – their interp explodes the topic to intellectual property protections on things other than medicine – that includes food, music, clinical trials trademarks, and more, all with distinct scenarios and no unified neg ground which makes pre-round prep impossible, killing clash. That controls the internal link to education – only terminal impact in debate and fairness – only thing under the judge's jurisdiction.~2~ Precision – not defending the text of the resolution justifies the affirmative doing away with random words in the resolution which a~ means they're not within the topic which is a voter for jurisdiction since you can only vote affirmative on the resolution and this debate never should have happened, b~ they're unpredictable and impossible to engage in so we always loseDrop the debater – a~ deter future abuse and b~ set better norms for debate.Competing interps –~a~ reasonability is arbitrary and encourages judge intervention since there's no clear norm~b~ it creates a race to the top where we create the best possible norms for debate.No RVIs –a~ illogical, you don't win for proving that you meet the burden of being fair, logic outweighs since it's a prerequisite for evaluating any other argumentb~ RVIs incentivize baiting theory and prepping it out which leads to maximally abusive practices | 10/18/21 |
SO -- T -- IPP v JordanTournament: Meadows | Round: 1 | Opponent: South Carroll PK | Judge: Nethmin Liyanage Interpretation: Intellectual property for medicine only refers to patents.Oxfam ~Oxfam is a British founded confederation of 20 independent charitable organizations focusing on the alleviation of global poverty, founded in 1942 and led by Oxfam International. It is a major nonprofit group with an extensive collection of operations, "Intellectual property and access to medicine", No Date, https://www.oxfamamerica.org/explore/issues/economic-well-being/intellectual-property-and-access-to-medicine/~~//pranav Violation: Data exclusivity is IP on data from clinical trials, not on the medicine itself and is distinct from patent protection.Thrasher '21 ~Rachel, received a JD and a master's degree in international relations, both from Boston University. She works on policy issues related to trade and investment agreements, trade law and development, economic relations between developing countries, and multilateral environmental agreements. She is the co-editor, alongside former Pardee Center Director Adil Najam, of a Pardee-sponsored book titled The Future of South-South Economic Relations. She teaches a course on trade and development at the Pardee School of Global Studies and continues to research areas of trade and investment agreements and their impact on development policy as part of the Global Economic Governance Initiative at Boston University, "Chart of the Week: How Data Exclusivity Laws Impact Drug Prices", 05-21-2021, https://www.bu.edu/gdp/2021/05/25/chart-of-the-week-how-data-exclusivity-laws-impact-drug-prices/~~//pranav | 10/30/21 |
SO -- T -- Medicines v BiopiracyTournament: Greenhill | Round: 3 | Opponent: Sage MP | Judge: Rodrigo Interpretation: "medicines" is a generic bare plural. The aff may not defend WTO member nations reducing intellectual property protections for a subset of medicines.The upward entailment test and adverb test determine the genericity of a bare pluralLeslie and Lerner 16 ~Sarah-Jane Leslie, Ph.D., Princeton, 2007. Dean of the Graduate School and Class of 1943 Professor of Philosophy. Served as the vice dean for faculty development in the Office of the Dean of the Faculty, director of the Program in Linguistics, and founding director of the Program in Cognitive Science at Princeton University. Adam Lerner, PhD Philosophy, Postgraduate Research Associate, Princeton 2018. From 2018, Assistant Professor/Faculty Fellow in the Center for Bioethics at New York University. Member of the Princeton Social Neuroscience Lab.~ "Generic Generalizations." Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. April 24, 2016. https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/generics/ TG
It applies to "medicines" – 1~ upward entailment test – "reduce intellectual property protections for medicines" doesn't entail reducing protections for aids, because it doesn't prove that we should derestrict other beneficial techViolation – they only defendVote neg:1~ Limits – you can pick anything from COVID vaccines to HIV/AIDS to random biotech to insulin treatments and there's no universal disad since each one has a different function and implication for health, tech, and relations – explodes neg prep and leads to random medicine of the week affs which makes cutting stable neg links impossible. PICs don't solve – it's absurd to say neg potential abuse justifies the aff being flat out not T, which leads to a race towards abuse. Limits key to reciprocal engagement since they create a caselist for neg prep. 20k affsFDA 20 ~(U.S. Food and Drug Administration, federal agency of the Department of Health and Human Service) "Fact Sheet: FDA at a Glance," 11/18/2020~ JL 2~ TVA – read the aff as an advantage to a whole rez aff.Voters:Precision o/w – anything else justifies the aff arbitrarily jettisoning words in the resolution at their whim which decks negative ground and preparation because the aff is no longer bounded by the resolution.No RVIs – a) illogical – you shouldn't win for being fair – it's a litmus test for engaging in substance, b) norming – I can't concede the counterinterp if I realize I'm wrong which forces me to argue for bad norms, c) baiting – incentivizes good debaters to be abusive, bait theory, then collapse to the 1AR RVI, d) topic ed – prevents 1AR blipstorm scripts and allows us to get back to substance after resolving theory | 9/18/21 |
SO -- T -- WTO Fiat v JordaTournament: Meadows | Round: 1 | Opponent: South Carroll PK | Judge: Nethmin Liyanage Interpretation: topical affs must fiat an action through the World Trade OrganizationMember nations of the WTO make policies as a wholeWTO ND ~(World Trade Organization) "Whose WTO is it anyway?"~ JL Nation and government are synonymousMerriam Webster ND ~"nation" Merriam Webster, https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/nation~~ BC Collective nouns are singular – this means "member nations" refers to a singular entityMLA 3/8 ~"Should I use a singular or plural verb with a collective noun?" MLA Style Center, 3/8/2021~ JL Violation – they don'tPrefer:Precision – even if Jordan is a member nation, that's distinct from fiating member nations as a unified actor – outweighs because it justifies jettisoning other words in the rez – prefer our interp – we have evidence from the WTO that explains what coordinated action looks likeLimits and ground – explodes the topic to include affs about any country reducing IP – ensuring it is an international reduction of IP which is ensures link magnitude and generics like WTO bad, multilat Ks, negotiations and politics DAs, and circumvention – stretches pre-tournament neg prep too thin and precluding rigorous testing – theory and medicine spec affs solve PICsTopic ed – WTO patent waivers are the topic – their aff is just domestic policy passed in Jordan – proven by their second advantage – none of their internal links are about medical trade secrets which proves their interpretation is a cheap way of getting a relations impact about any two countries – justifies the US-Mexico or China-Japan aff. Outweighs – prep is determined by the lit and we only have 2 months to debate the topicTVA – spec a medicine – ensures nuanced debates while preserving WTO-specific groundParadigm issues:Drop the debater – their abusive advocacy skewed the debate from the startCompeting interps – reasonability invites arbitrary judge intervention and a race to the bottom of questionable argumentationFairness is a voter ¬– necessary to determine the better debaterEducation is a voter – why schools fund debate | 10/30/21 |
SO -- k --- SettlerismTournament: Grapevine | Round: 1 | Opponent: SC PK | Judge: Grant Brown 1NC1The 1AC is invested in a death drive to perfection that inevitably comes out of the gratuitous violence of Indigenous people. The state operates through a drive of eradicating the otherness of the other, which is constitutive of Native genocide.Young 17 (Bryanne Huston, Doctoral Student at the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill "Killing the Indian in the Child: Materialities of Death and Political Formations of Life in the Canadian Indian Residential School System," pp. 48-55) NIJrecut anop The genocide of the Native clears the way for intra-Settler discussions of ethical value. To be alive is to stand upon this Indian burial ground we call the world – to be alive is to be unethical.Wilderson 10 (Frank, Full Professor of Drama and African American studies at the University of California, Irvine Red, White, and Black: Cinema and the Structure of U.S. Antagonisms pp. 214-220) NIJ The aff's analysis of medicne overlooks structures of white supremacy and settler colonialism dictating healtb conditions for indigenous people which turns the case.Kashyap 20 ~Monika Batra Kashyap is a Visiting Assistant Professor at Seattle University School of Law, Ronald A. Peterson Law Clinic. J.D., University of California Berkeley School of Law. November 2020 California Law Review "U.S. Settler Colonialism, White Supremacy, and the Racially Disparate Impacts of COVID-19" https://www.californialawreview.org/settler-colonialism-white-supremacy-covid-19/~~ aaditg The specter of extinction is a product of antiqueer, settler anxieties that arise not only from settlerism's guilt for destroying the planet's ability to sustain itself, but also from the settler's need to strengthen solidarity and defer confrontation with native genocideDalley 16. Hamish Dalley is an Assistant professor of English at Daemen College and techer in the areas of ancient and modern world literature ~"The deaths of settler colonialism: extinction as a metaphor of decolonization in contemporary settler literature," Settler Colonial Studies, Issue Number, No. 8~vikas The alternative is to refuse the affirmative's endorsement of settler political selfhood. This isn't "reject the aff"—it's a micro-political process that destabilizes the settler psyche by breaking down the coherence of settler colonialism built through repetition. Debate is an ethical affirmation of a certain ideology. Voting neg forces a confrontation of the genocidal settlement, destabilizing the settler subject—that comes prior to evaluating the settler truth claims of the aff.Henderson 15 Henderson, Phil. (2015). Imagoed communities: the psychosocial space of settler colonialism. Settler Colonial Studies, 7(1), 40–56. doi:10.1080/2201473x.2015.1092194 JParkrecut anop The counterinterpretation is that you should evaluate the 1AC as an object of study~a~ Sociogeny – debate may not spill over to political change but it has the potential to reproduce affirmations and negations that trigger neurohcmeical responses via reward and punishment mechanisms privilege certain research methods as valuable in the way debaters view the world.~b~ Objectivity – consequence based plan focus shifts the focus of debate from our investments in settler colonialism to a plan text, which is incoherent because debate is a communicative activity and their inter sidesteps discussions of genocide. | 9/10/21 |
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