Westlake Keeler Aff
| Tournament | Round | Opponent | Judge | Cites | Round Report | Open Source | Edit/Delete |
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| Berkeley | 1 | fairview SP | Ninjugun Majaria |
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| UT Longhorn Classic | 2 | strake jesuit KS | Alexander Yoakum |
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| UT Longhorn Classic | 5 | westside SY | Joshua Porter |
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| berkely | 4 | cupertino IS | Scott Brown |
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| berkely | 5 | honor AP | Jonathan Meza |
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| berkely | Doubles | marlborough WR | Nick Smith, Scott Brown, Arianna Nelson |
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| disclosure | 1 | u | mario judah |
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| emory | 4 | bronx science NK | JP Stuckert |
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| emory | 5 | riverside NS | Kobe Thompson |
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| emory | 1 | peninsula AB | Madeleine Conrad-Mogin |
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| glenbrooks | 2 | saratoga AG | Joseph Barquin |
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| grapevine | 1 | harrison MB | Delon Fuller |
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| grapevine | 3 | westwood VL | becca traber |
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| greenhill | 1 | harker DV | Tom Evnen |
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| greenhill | 4 | immaculate heart SS | Gordon Krauss |
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| greenhill | 5 | bronx science RP | Andres Rosero |
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| tfa state | 2 | franklin AS | River Cook |
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| valley | 1 | lake highland AV | Mark Kivimaki |
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| valley | 4 | princeton DR | JP Stuckert |
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| vally marks | 1 | any | any |
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| Tournament | Round | Report |
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| Berkeley | 1 | Opponent: fairview SP | Judge: Ninjugun Majaria AC - stock |
| UT Longhorn Classic | 2 | Opponent: strake jesuit KS | Judge: Alexander Yoakum AC - kolorova |
| UT Longhorn Classic | 5 | Opponent: westside SY | Judge: Joshua Porter AC - kolorova v2 |
| berkely | 4 | Opponent: cupertino IS | Judge: Scott Brown AC - beller (no changes) |
| berkely | 5 | Opponent: honor AP | Judge: Jonathan Meza AC - beller |
| berkely | Doubles | Opponent: marlborough WR | Judge: Nick Smith, Scott Brown, Arianna Nelson AC - beller |
| disclosure | 1 | Opponent: u | Judge: mario judah - disclosure |
| emory | 4 | Opponent: bronx science NK | Judge: JP Stuckert AC - beller v1 |
| emory | 5 | Opponent: riverside NS | Judge: Kobe Thompson AC - setcol |
| emory | 1 | Opponent: peninsula AB | Judge: Madeleine Conrad-Mogin AC - beller |
| glenbrooks | 2 | Opponent: saratoga AG | Judge: Joseph Barquin AC - badiou |
| grapevine | 1 | Opponent: harrison MB | Judge: Delon Fuller AC - beller |
| grapevine | 3 | Opponent: westwood VL | Judge: becca traber AC - beller |
| greenhill | 1 | Opponent: harker DV | Judge: Tom Evnen AC - beller |
| greenhill | 4 | Opponent: immaculate heart SS | Judge: Gordon Krauss AC - beller |
| greenhill | 5 | Opponent: bronx science RP | Judge: Andres Rosero AC - beller |
| tfa state | 2 | Opponent: franklin AS | Judge: River Cook AC - beller v1 |
| valley | 1 | Opponent: lake highland AV | Judge: Mark Kivimaki AC - badiou |
| valley | 4 | Opponent: princeton DR | Judge: JP Stuckert AC - beller |
To modify or delete round reports, edit the associated round.
Cites
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0 - accessibilityTournament: disclosure | Round: 1 | Opponent: u | Judge: mario judah PLEASE make debate accessible and space out spikes/independent justifications here's an example of what u should do
here's an example of what u shouldn't do
here's a interp to meet that u will see in the nc/1ar if u dont do that: interp: debaters must clearly delineate spikes and independent justifications for arguments if there is an accessibility request on the wiki please just be a good person and make debate inclusive | 12/7/21 |
0 - contact infoTournament: disclosure | Round: 1 | Opponent: u | Judge: mario judah
| 12/7/21 |
0 - navigationTournament: disclosure | Round: 1 | Opponent: u | Judge: mario judah | 12/7/21 |
0 - note for valley and st marksTournament: vally marks | Round: 1 | Opponent: any | Judge: any | 2/26/22 |
JF - AC - bellerTournament: emory | Round: 1 | Opponent: peninsula AB | Judge: Madeleine Conrad-Mogin The World Computer codifies life through a series abstractions which racial capitalism uses to reify difference. Information is not a real product of the world but is rather a byproduct of this new system that arises from value management. The World Computer uses our every move to repair itself through the punishment of difference. The role of the ballot should be to resist informatics – resisting further automation of our thought processes is keyFor spec purposes: AND oppression which is at once beyond all calculation and one with it.7 Capital has taken its project of computation to extend outwards of the cosmos – the world computer as such has colonized space as part of its larger effort to continue its expansion via methods of intelligibility, colonization, and explorationBeller 21-2 (Jonathan Beller; 2021; Duke University Press; "The World Computer: Derivative Conditions of Racial Capitalism"; accessed 12/10/21; ask me for the pdf; Jonathan Beller is a film theorist, culture critic and mediologist. He currently holds the position of Professor of Humanities and Media Studies and Critical and Visual Studies, Pratt Institute, Brooklyn, NY. He is the recipient of numerous awards and fellowships including Mellon, J.P. Getty and Fulbright Foundation grants and honours.; pages 71-74) HB AND , or perhaps, even if or even as that encounter is catastrophic. From this closed system arises a feeback between the epistemological and the ontological which gives rise to reactionary measures of geopolitics. This creates the notion of the terrestrial and the alien – one of which is securitized – the other is eliminated. The logic of data syncs with the World Computer to create endless global disastersParisi 19 (Luciana Parisi; 5/22/19; ŠUM Journal of Contemporary Art, Criticism and Theory, Special Issue Number 11; "Surrational Fugitives" from Hypersonics Hyperstitions; http://sumrevija.si/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/SUM-11'FINAL'pages.pdf**; Luciana Parisi is Reader in Cultural Theory, Chair of the PhD programme at the Centre for Cultural Studies, and co-director of the Digital Culture Unit, Goldsmiths University of London. She published Abstract Sex: Philosophy, Biotechnology and the Mutations of Desire (2004) and Contagious Architecture. Computation, Aesthetics and Space (2013). She is currently researching the history of automation and the philosophical consequences of logical thinking in machines.; pages 1460-1463) HB *Note – the evidence uses "Man" as a description of dominating structures, not as a general reference to the human* AND unknown world that has always run parallel to the military mission of Man. Debate also operates through this project of disappearance – visualizing the appropriation of space only through their truncation as information for recursion and iteration. Even as the noises of the crisis outside restructures our activity into zoom calls and chat boxes, we are told to stubbornly return to run the same code year after year in a ressentiment-driven will to abstraction. COVID along with thousands of other holocausts of racial capitalism’s derivative system: from debt to municipal plunder to resource extraction to Palantir’s military tech.Against the demand to input a binary 1 or 0 into the operating system of the world computer, our affirmation of the resolution refuses the presumed instrumentality of the question, in favor of the proliferation of the beautiful, cacophonous noise of the otherwise and outside. Only this rethinking of thinking can reveal the geopolitical alternatives that are excluded from the episteme of the world computer.Thus, I affirm that the appropriation of outer space by private entities is unjust.Rather than let automation continue to control our thoughts, the affirmative acts as an example of the embrace of the potential of a new communist horizon. It is a strike within debate against algorithmic logics. In our experiment, we refuse the technological image that has abstracted itself onto reality and create new ways to know that cannot be cataloged into the code. This new method of communism is one that devises a plan of revolution, radicalizing the semiotic, libidinal, and politicalBeller 21-3 (Jonathan Beller; 2021; Duke University Press; "The World Computer: Derivative Conditions of Racial Capitalism"; accessed 4/11/21; ask me for the pdf; Jonathan Beller is a film theorist, culture critic and mediologist. He currently holds the position of Professor of Humanities and Media Studies and Critical and Visual Studies, Pratt Institute, Brooklyn, NY. He is the recipient of numerous awards and fellowships including Mellon, J.P. Getty and Fulbright Foundation grants and honours.; pages 184-195) HB AND Perhaps we have only begun to glimpse what a total refusal might achieve. Capitalism is unsustainable – it generates several intertwined crises that make it try or die for the affirmative – we’ve got charts!von Weizsäcker and Wijkman 17 (Ernest Ulrich von Weizsäcker and Anders Wijkman; 2018; Springer Publishing; "Come On! Capitalism, Short-termism, Population and the Destruction of the Planet A Report to the Club of Rome"; accessed 12/12/21; Ernest Ulrich von Weizsäcker, Professor and Director of the United Nation Centre for Science and Technology for Development, Founder and President of the Wuppertal Institute, Member of the German Bundestag, chairing the Committees on Globalization and the Environment, Dean of the graduate School of Environmental Science and Management at the University of California, appointed Co-Chair of UNEP’s International Resource Panel; Anders Wijkman, chairman of the Swedish Association of Recycling Industries, member of the Board of the Swedish Development Authority (SIDA), appointed chair of the Swedish Cross-Party Committee on Environmental Objectives, member of the European Parliament, Assistant Secretary-General of the United Nations and Policy Director of UNDP, Secretary General of the Swedish Red Cross and Director General of the Swedish Agency for Research Cooperation with Developing Countries, Member of the Swedish Royal Academy of Sciences, the World Future Council and the International Resource Panel; pages 1-9; ask me for the pdf) RC/HB AND upon as high-risk assets (see Sect. 3.4). The aff acts as a means of politicizing thought – in the face of the world computer, our strategy seeks to decolonize thought itself. The abstraction of information seeks to reify lines of death in the scheme of racial capitalismBeller, 21-4 (Jonathan Beller; 2021; Duke University Press; "The World Computer: Derivative Conditions of Racial Capitalism"; accessed 4/11/21; ask me for the pdf; Jonathan Beller is a film theorist, culture critic and mediologist. He currently holds the position of Professor of Humanities and Media Studies and Critical and Visual Studies, Pratt Institute, Brooklyn, NY. He is the recipient of numerous awards and fellowships including Mellon, J.P. Getty and Fulbright Foundation grants and honours.; pages 58-59) RC/HB AND namely, that capitalist technology is a racial formation, will remain unintelligible. Philosophy’s attempt to construct a perfect subject is predicated on the technological reality that seeks to abstract itself from the material nature of domination – logics of rationality and universalism are just Man’s exertion of power to police subjectivityBeller 18 (Jonathan Beller; 2018; Pluto Press; "The Message is Murder: Substrates of Computational Capitalism"; accessed 1/8/22; ask me for the pdf; Jonathan Beller is a film theorist, culture critic and mediologist. He currently holds the position of Professor of Humanities and Media Studies and Critical and Visual Studies, Pratt Institute, Brooklyn, NY. He is the recipient of numerous awards and fellowships including Mellon, J.P. Getty and Fulbright Foundation grants and honours; pages 150-157) HB *We do not endorse any problematic language* *Beller uses the term "man" as a general description of how power exerts itself as one that is along the lines of class, race, gender, etc.* AND unmaking of whiteness, a thorough reimagining of sovereignty—and everything else. The drive to space exploration is just an attachment of the same unsustainability of capital that renders life calculable and controllableDunker and Hui 20 (Anders Dunker and Yuk Hui; 6/9/20; LA Review of Books; "On Technodiversity: A Conversation with Yuk Hui"; accessed 12/11/21; https://lareviewofbooks.org/article/on-technodiversity-a-conversation-with-yuk-hui/**; Anders Dunker is a Norwegian writer and journalist, currently living in Los Angeles; Yuk Hui currently teaches at the City University of Hong Kong. He did his Ph.D. thesis at Goldsmiths College in London, postdoctoral studies in France, and Habilitation thesis in Germany, and since 2012 he has taught at the Leuphana University and Bauhaus University in Germany) RC/HB AND a huge market for psychotherapy and spiritual salvation. The longing for the infinite | 1/29/22 |
JF - AC - setcolTournament: emory | Round: 5 | Opponent: riverside NS | Judge: Kobe Thompson Counter Sovereignty AC====Settler colonialism is the governing thought of modernity that posits notions of control and desire into the Western man implanting the seed opportunity born out of genocide. Paperson ‘17==== AND nonhumans. As Cindi Mayweather says, "your freedom’s in a bind." ====The private appropriation of outer space is a mere extension to the violent colonial origins that corporations exercise and only feeds the settler mindset that they have authority over unclaimed land and control over those they deem inferior. Utrata 21==== AND their political dreams, whether they be extractive manufacturing industries or settler colonies. The endless terrain of space naturalizes settlerism not only in space but within the unethical legislative capacity of the state in the status qou. Any form of liberating conquest only justifies settler colonialism both on our planet and beyond and perfects the settler project. Smiles 20 (Deondre Smiles, PhD, is an Ojibwe, Black, and settler citizen of the Leech Lake Band of Ojibwe and is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Geography at the University of Victoria, in B.C., Canada. Smiles is an Indigenous geographer, chair of the Indigenous Peoples Specialty Group of the American Association of Geographers, and a member of the Native American and Indigenous Studies Association and Canadian Association of Geographers. "The Settler Logics of (Outer) Space". 10-26-2020. https://www.societyandspace.org/articles/the-settler-logics-of-outer-space. Accessed 11-28-2021, HKR-RM)retagged faizaanThe fact that similar language is being used around the potential of American power being extended to space could reasonably be expected, given the economic and military potential that comes from such a move. Space represents yet another ‘unknown’ to be conquered and bent to America’s will. However, such interplanetary conquest does not exist solely in outer space. I wish to situate the very real colonial legacies and violence associated with the desire to explore space, tracing the ways that they are perpetuated and reified through their destructive engagements with Indigenous peoples. I argue that a scientific venture such as space exploration does not exist in a vacuum, but instead draws from settler colonialism and feeds back into it through the prioritization of ‘science’ over Indigenous epistemologies. I begin by exploring the ways that space exploration by the American settler state is situated within questions of hegemony, imperialism, and terra nullius, including a brief synopsis of the controversy surrounding the planned construction of the Thirty Meter Telescope on Mauna Kea. I conclude by exploring Indigenous engagement with ‘space’ in both its Earthbound and beyond-earth forms as it relates to outer space, and what implications this might have for the ways we think about our engagement with space as the American settler state begins to turn its gaze skyward once again. I position this essay alongside a growing body of academic work, as well as journalistic endeavors (Haskins, 2020; Koren, 2020) that demands that the American settler colonial state exercise self-reflexivity as to why it engages with outer space, and who is advantaged and disadvantaged here on Earth as a result of this engagement. A brief exploration of what settler colonialism is, and its engagement with ‘space’ here on Earth is necessary to start. Settler colonialism is commonly understood to be a form of colonialism that is based upon the permanent presence of colonists upon land. This is a distinction from forms of colonialism based upon resource extraction (Wolfe, 2006; Veracini, 2013). What this means is that the settler colony is intimately tied with the space within which it exists—it cannot exist or sustain itself without settler control over land and space. This permanent presence upon land by ‘settlers’ is usually at the expense of the Indigenous, or original people, in a given space or territory. To reiterate: control over space is paramount. As Wolfe states, "Land is life—or at least, land is necessary for life. Thus, contests for land can be—indeed, often are—contests for life" (2006: 387). Without land, the settler state ‘dies’; conversely, deprivation of land from the indigenous population means that in settler logic, indigeneity dies (Povinelli, 2002; Wolfe, 2006.) The ultimate aims of settler colonialism is therefore the occupation and remaking of space. As Wolfe (2006) describes, the settler state seeks to make use of land and resources in order to continue on; whether that is through homesteading/residence, farming and agriculture, mining, or any number of activities that settler colonial logic deems necessary to its own survival. These activities are tied to a racist and hubristic logic that only settler society itself possesses the ability to make proper use of land and space (Wolfe, 2006). This is mated with a viewpoint of landscapes prior to European arrival as terra nullius, or empty land that was owned by no one, via European/Western conceptions of land ownership and tenure (Wolfe, 1994). Because of this overarching goal of space, there is an inherent anxiety in settler colonies about space, and how it can be occupied and subsequently rewritten to remove Indigenous presence. In Anglo settler colonies, this often takes place within a lens of conservation. Scholars such as Banivanua Mar (2010), Lannoy (2012), Wright (2014) and Tristan Ahtone (2019) have written extensively on the ways that settler reinscription of space can be extremely damaging to Indigenous people from a lens of ‘conservation’. However, dispossession of Indigenous space in favor of settler uses can also be tied to some of the most destructive forces of our time. For example, Aboriginal land in the Australian Outback was viewed as ‘empty’ land that was turned into weapons ranges where the British military tested nuclear weapons in the 1950s, which directly led to negative health effects upon Aboriginal communities downwind from the testing sites (Vincent, 2010). Indigenous nations in the United States have struggled with environmental damage related to military-industrial exploitation as well. But, what does this all look like in regard to outer space? In order to really understand the potential (settler) colonial logics of space exploration, we must go back and explore the ways in which space exploration became inextricably tied with questions of state hegemony and geopolitics during the Cold War. US and Soviet space programs were born partially out of military utility, and propaganda value—the ability to send a nuclear warhead across a great distance to strike the enemy via a ICBM and the accompanying geopolitical respect that came with such a capability was something that greatly appealed to the superpowers, and when the Soviets took an early lead in the ‘Space Race’ with Sputnik and their Luna probes, the United States poured money and resources into making up ground (Werth, 2004). The fear of not only falling behind the Soviets militarily as well as a perceived loss of prestige in the court of world opinion spurred the US onto a course of space exploration that led to the Apollo moon landings in the late 1960s and the early 70s (Werth, 2004; Cornish, 2019). I argue that this fits neatly into the American settler creation myth referenced by Trump—after ‘conquering’ a continent and bringing it under American dominion, why would the United States stop solely at ‘space’ on Earth? To return to Grandin (2019), space represented yet another frontier to be conquered and known by the settler colonial state; if not explicitly for the possibility of further settlement, then for the preservation of its existing spatial extent on Earth. However, scholars such as Alan Marshall (1995) have cautioned that newer logics of space exploration such as potential resource extraction tie in with existing military logics in a way that creates a new way of thinking about the ‘openness’ of outer space to the logics of empire, in what Marshall calls res nullius (1995: 51)~i~. But we cannot forget the concept of terra nullius and how our exploration of the stars has real effects on Indigenous landscapes here on Earth. We also cannot forget about forms of space exploration that may not be explicitly tied to military means. Doing so deprives us of another lens through which to view the tensions between settler and Indigenous views of space and to which end is useful. Indeed, even reinscribing of Indigenous space towards ‘peaceful’ settler space exploration have very real consequences for Indigenous sovereignty and Indigenous spaces. Perhaps the most prominent example of the fractures between settler space exploration and Indigenous peoples is the on-going controversy surrounding the construction of the Thirty Meter Telescope on Mauna Kea, on the island of Hawaii. While an extremely detailed description of the processes of construction on the TMT and the opposition presented to it by Native Hawai’ians and their allies is beyond the scope of this essay, and in fact is already expertly done by a number of scholars~ii~, the controversy surrounding TMT is a prime example of the logics presented towards ‘space’ in both Earth-bound and beyond-Earth contexts by the settler colonial state as well as the violence that these logics place upon Indigenous spaces, such as Mauna Kea, which in particular already plays host to a number of telescopes and observatories (Witze, 2020). In particular, astronomers such as Chanda Prescod-Weinstein, Lucianne Walkowicz, and others have taken decisive action to push back against the idea that settler scientific advancement via space exploration should take precedence over Indigenous sovereignty in Earth-space. Prescod-Weinstein and Walkowicz, alongside Sarah Tuttle, Brian Nord and Hilding Neilson (2020) make clear that settler scientific pursuits such as building the TMT are simply new footnotes in a long history of colonial disrespect of Indigenous people and Indigenous spaces in the name of science, and that astronomy is not innocent of this disrespect. In fact, Native Hawai’ian scholars such as Iokepa Casumbal-Salazar strike at the heart of the professed neutrality of sciences like astronomy: One scientist told me that astronomy is a "benign science" because it is based on observation, and that it is universally beneficial because it offers "basic human knowledge" that everyone should know "like human anatomy." Such a statement underscores the cultural bias within conventional notions of what constitutes the "human" and "knowledge." In the absence of a critical self-reflection on this inherent ethnocentrism, the tacit claim to universal truth reproduces the cultural supremacy of Western science as self-evident. Here, the needs of astronomers for tall peaks in remote locations supplant the needs of Indigenous communities on whose ancestral territories these observatories are built (2017: 8). As Casumbal-Salazar and other scholars who have written about the TMT and the violence that has been done to Native Hawai’ians (such as police actions designed to dislodge blockades that prevented construction) as well as the potential violence to come such as the construction of the telescope have skillfully said, when it comes to the infringement upon Indigenous space by settler scientific endeavors tied to space exploration, there is no neutrality to be had—dispossession and violence are dispossession and violence, no matter the potential ‘good for humanity’ that might come about through these things. Thus we affirm the appropriation of outer space by private entities is unjust as an act of counter-sovereignty.Our advocacy doesn’t just disapprove space exploration, but rather is an act of decolonization that removes the rights from the state and destabilizes its settlerist control. Sturm 17Sturm, Circe. Associate Professor Dept of Anthropology at UT Austin — Ph.D., University of California, Davis, "Reflections on the Anthropology of Sovereignty and Settler Colonialism: Lessons from Native North America." Cultural Anthropology 32, no. 3 (2017): 340–348. https://doi.org/10.14506/ca32.3.03 AND linked to a settler desire to incorporate and domesticate indigeneity (Sturm 2011). There is no neutrality in the fight against the state. Thus, the role of the ballot is to vote for who best centers themselves in the center of Native scholarship and demands.Carlson 16 AND I believe our contributions to settler colonial studies are even more deeply problematic. Utilitarian framing should be rejected, it normalizes white pleasure and abstracts from indigenous violence. Extinction is a settler narrative that obscures the foundations of settler violence and precludes politics of decolonization.Dalley 16 Hamish Dalley (2016): The deaths of settler colonialism: extinction as a metaphor of decolonization in contemporary settler literature, Settler Colonial Studies, DOI: 10.1080/2201473X.2016.1238160 SJBE AND how there is more to settler-colonial extinction narratives than bad faith. | 1/29/22 |
JF - AC - stockTournament: Berkeley | Round: 1 | Opponent: fairview SP | Judge: Ninjugun Majaria PlanPlan – The appropriation of outer space through the production of space debris by private entities is unjust.Revising the Outer Space Treaty curbs the impact of space debris – timeframe is crucial.Shah 20 – Sachin, 8/30/20, ~"Aug 30 The International Legal Regulation of Space Debris," CORNELL UNDERGRADUATE LAW and SOCIETY REVIEW, Administrative, Policy, Technology, https://www.culsr.org/articles/the-international-legal-regulation-of-space-debris~~ Justin AND action can accomplish these goals, but lack thereof may result in disaster. Private entities are non-governmental.Dunk 11 – Frans G. von der Dunk, 2011, ~"The Origins of Authorisation: Article VI of the Outer Space Treaty and International Space Law," University of Nebraska~ Justin AND . Partly, this was the consequence of key principles being left undefined. Exemptions destroy the coercive power of legal regimes – causes circumvention across the board.Hickman and Dolman 2 – John and Everett, 2002, Associate professor in the Department of Government and International Studies at Berry College in Mt. Berry, ~"Resurrecting the Space Age: A State–Centered Commentary on the Outer Space Regime," Volume 21 Number 1, https://doi.org/10.1080/014959302317350855~~ Elmer Recut Justin AND rushes to stake claims for territory sovereignty in other celestial bodies might follow. AdvantageThe advantage is Debris –Privatization of space leads to unchecked debris.Muelhaupt et al. 19 – Theodore, Marlon Sorge, Jamie Morin, and Robert Wilson, 6/18/19, Center for Orbital and Reentry Debris Studies, Center for Space Policy and Strategy, The Aerospace Corporation, 30 year Space Systems Analyst and Operator, ~"Space traffic management in the new space era," Journal of Space Safety Engineering, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S246889671930045X?via3Dihub~~ Justin AND a handful of actual collisions will occur, the warnings cannot be ignored. Feedback loops of technology cause increasing development and debris.Bernat 20 – Pawel, 2020, Military University of Aviation, ~"ORBITAL SATELLITE CONSTELLATIONS AND THE GROWING THREAT OF KESSLER SYNDROME IN THE LOWER EARTH ORBIT," SAFETY ENGINEERING OF ANTHROPOGENIC OBJECTS, Volume 4, PDF~ Justin AND constellations and how they contribute to the growing threat of the Kessler syndrome. Invisible tipping points trigger the Kessler Syndrome.Thompson 21 – Clive, 11/17/21, Clive Thompson is a contributing writer for the New York Times Magazine, a columnist for Wired and Smithsonian magazines, and a regular contributor to Mother Jones. He’s the author of Coders: The Making of a New Tribe and the Remaking of the World, and Smarter Than You Think: How Technology is Changing our Minds for the Better. He’s @pomeranian99 on Twitter and Instagram, ~"Get Ready for the "Kessler Syndrome" to Wreck Outer Space," OneZero, https://onezero.medium.com/get-ready-for-the-kessler-syndrome-to-wreck-outer-space-7f29cfe62c3e~~ Justin AND orbit but unintentional ones — bits of rocket parts and detritus from launches. Privatization exponentially increases the curve but ending dangerous missions stops it.Bernat 20 – Pawel, 2020, Military University of Aviation, ~"ORBITAL SATELLITE CONSTELLATIONS AND THE GROWING THREAT OF KESSLER SYNDROME IN THE LOWER EARTH ORBIT," SAFETY ENGINEERING OF ANTHROPOGENIC OBJECTS, Volume 4, PDF~ Justin AND the global level, apart from first-come, first-served. Debris triggers miscalculated war.Peter Dockrill 16. Award-winning science and technology journalist. "Space Junk Accidents Could Trigger Armed Conflict, Study Finds." https://www.sciencealert.com/space-junk-accidents-could-trigger-armed-conflict-expert-warns. AND adversaries. "This is a politically dangerous dilemma," the authors write. ====Goes nuclear.==== AND would be significantly reduced (loss of military logistics and intelligence gathering satellites). Public pressure forces retaliation.Nancy Gallagher 15. Interim director of the Center for International and Security Studies in Maryland, previous Executive Director of the Clinton Administration’s CTBT Treaty Committee, an arms control specialist at the State Dept., and a faculty member at Wesleyan, "Antisatellite warfare without nuclear risk: A mirage," May 29, Bulletin of Atomic Scientists, http://thebulletin.org/space-weapons-and-risk-nuclear-exchanges8346 AND scenarios that are used to justify the development and use of antisatellite weapons. Convergence of factors guarantee space escalation.Thomas González Roberts 17. A space security researcher at the Center for Strategic and International Studies, and host of Moonstruck, a podcast about humans in space. "Why We Should Be Worried about a War in Space ," 12-15-2017. Atlantic, https://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2017/12/why-we-should-be-worried-about-a-war-in-space/548507/ AND to align, and agree on norms of behavior. They need rules. ====No checks on escalation.==== AND space, then, is a slippery slope with few off-ramps. Specifically—-China, Iran, and Noko.Beauchamp 14 – Zack, 4/21/14, Zack Beauchamp is a senior correspondent at Vox, where he covers global politics and ideology, and a host of Worldly, Vox's podcast on foreign policy and international relations. His work focuses on the rise of the populist right across the West, the role of identity in American politics, and how fringe ideologies shape the mainstream. Before coming to Vox, he edited TP Ideas, a section of Think Progress devoted to the ideas shaping our political world. He has an MSc from the London School of Economics in International Relations and grew up in Washington, DC, where he currently lives with his wife, daughter, and two (rescue) dogs ~"How space trash could start a nuclear war," Vox, https://www.vox.com/2014/4/21/5625246/space-war-china-north-korea-iran~~ Justin *Brackets added for ableist language AND war is imminent — an assessment that could have self-fulfilling consequences." Any nuclear war causes extinction – ice age and famine.Steven Starr 15 ~Director of the University of Missouri’s Clinical Laboratory Science Program, as well as a senior scientist at the Physicians for Social Responsibility. He has worked with the Swiss, Chilean, and Swedish governments in support of their efforts at the United Nations to eliminate thousands of high-alert, launch-ready U.S. and Russian nuclear weapons. "Nuclear War: An Unrecognized Mass Extinction Event Waiting To Happen." Ratical. March 2015. https://ratical.org/radiation/NuclearExtinction/StevenStarr022815.html~~ TG AND the operational and deployed nuclear arsenals, will leave the Earth essentially uninhabitable. FramingThe standard is maximizing expected wellbeing.1~ Actor spec—governments must use util because they don’t have intentions and are constantly dealing with tradeoffs—outweighs since different agents have different obligations—takes out calc indicts since they are empirically denied.2~ Death is bad and outweighs – a~ agents can’t act if they fear for their bodily security which constrains every ethical theory, b~ it destroys the subject itself – kills any ability to achieve value in ethics since life is a prerequisite which means it’s a side constraint since we can’t reach the end goal of ethics without life3~ Extinction outweighsMacAskill 14 ~William, Oxford Philosopher and youngest tenured philosopher in the world, Normative Uncertainty, 2014~ AND with the benefit of keeping one’s options open while one gains new information. | 2/19/22 |
NC - AC - kolorovaTournament: UT Longhorn Classic | Round: 2 | Opponent: strake jesuit KS | Judge: Alexander Yoakum Neoliberalism is a regime of compulsory optimism – the modern ethos of "the good life" is not benign, but coaxes subtle investment into an affective regime of citizenship that mandates a normative desire for "the good life" and overcoming the failures of the past which subjects disability to a violent logic of rehabilitation.Kolarova ‘14 AND same time inhibited the development of a critical crip consciousness in both locations. As modern neoliberalism shifts to immaterial economies of labor, the work of disabled subjects becomes work on the self¬ – labor becomes the process of refining and rehabilitating oneself into wholeness – disabled bodies are inarticulate and incomprehensible, so the labor of disability must and can only be understood as the work of making oneself into a marketable subject.St. Pierre ‘13 AND be an important move in pushing disability theory further, into uncharted territory. This regime of rehabilitation turns disability into narrative prosthesis – discourse of liberal inclusion facilitate interventions on the body to to augment or eliminate disability so as to restore wholeness – that requires the exclusion of bodies outside of an acceptable degree of difference.Prosthesis is the norm, not the other way around – ideal body is divorced from materiality of bodies AND scrutiny here is to expose, rather than conceal, the prosthetic relation. Debate is ultimately an exercise in "the good life" and rehabilitation – so ask yourself, "what other futures are possible?"Thus, vote affirmative to recognize a crip’s right to strike.If all crips’ work is work on the self, what would it mean to strike, to refuse to work? When hailed with the call to become "productive," "normal" and "whole," what would happen if we simply chose to wallow in absence and incompleteness? If all life is labor, and labor is "the good life" of modernity, going on strike means refusing to live in rehabilitated ways.
The 1AC is an injunction into debate’s framework of compulsory optimism – crip failure is a strategy of survival that creates new possibilities of care and refusal of affective regimes of futurity.Kolarova ‘14 AND while foreclosing the negotiation of difficult yet important relationships past and the present. The Role of the Ballot is to endorse a critical cripistemology.Academic notions of inclusion only recreate the exclusions of students who fail to live up to pedagogical demands – you should invert disabled success into a failure to become normate.Mitchell et al ‘14 AND into a meaningful alternative site for transforming pedagogical practices and failed social identities. | 12/4/21 |
ND - AC - badiouTournament: glenbrooks | Round: 2 | Opponent: saratoga AG | Judge: Joseph Barquin Labor struggle is in crisis – both scholars and organizers have given up on the role of workers in social change, and decaying labor power has allowed capitalism to roll back gains and massively expand exploitation, both intra- and internationally – Covid has massively accelerated these processes, which makes now a key moment for reinvigorating worker struggle.Azzellini ‘21 AND composition and modes of production. Finally, some preliminary conclusions are drawn. Capitalism is terminally unsustainable and at a turning point – reinforcing structures causes extinction and turns their impacts.TCC = Transnational Capitalist Class, TNS = Transnational State AND or unless it leads to mass rebellion that threatens the ruling groups’ control. Thus, vote aff to affirm an unconditional right of workers to strike.Strikes represent a school of war for class struggle – the crucial task for Marxists is to shift workers away from liberal unionism towards revolutionary organizing.Smith ‘11 AND also to rule society in the interests of the vast majority of humanity. That enables a popular anti-imperialism built on shared interests and solidarity through proletarian internationalism.Viewpoint ‘18 AND had to put aside, even these lacks will have had a purpose. Communist organizing requires collective struggle and the establishment of centralized organization to inform both theory and practice – only the party and the vanguard can provide for the needs of the masses.Kuhn ‘18 AND can watch failure unfold. The challenge lies in helping to prevent it. In the face of capitalist hegemony, Marxist thought affirms that, above all, it is right to rebel – truth can only be found in revolutionary practice.Badiou ‘6 AND they have all the reasons on their side, and much more besides. You should understand the aff as a project of counter-hegemony – every debate and argument is a testing ground to strengthen the communist movement – voting affirmative is an investment in the war of position.Carrol ‘6 AND existing relationships of domination" (Brand and Hirsch, 2004: 377). The Role of the Judge is to be a propagandist.Studies prove debate is inevitably implicated in the context of propaganda – voting aff aligns with a model predicated on communist base-building.Greene and Hicks ‘6 AND Baird believed to be evident in ‘the majority of students’ was unstable. | 11/20/21 |
ND - AC - kolarova v2Tournament: UT Longhorn Classic | Round: 5 | Opponent: westside SY | Judge: Joshua Porter Neoliberalism is a regime of compulsory optimism – the modern ethos of "the good life" is not benign, but coaxes subtle investment into an affective regime of citizenship that mandates a normative desire for "the good life" and overcoming the failures of the past which subjects disability to a violent logic of rehabilitation.Kolarova ‘14 AND same time inhibited the development of a critical crip consciousness in both locations. Capitalism is a global system of eugenics – theorizing through disability expands the scope of resistance to non-productive subjects.Mitchell and Snyder ‘10 AND ) has brought to Disability Studies with its comparativist, international interview methodology. As modern neoliberalism shifts to immaterial economies of labor, the work of disabled subjects becomes work on the self¬ – labor becomes the process of refining and rehabilitating oneself into wholeness – disabled bodies are inarticulate and incomprehensible, so the labor of disability must and can only be understood as the work of making oneself into a marketable subject.St. Pierre ‘13 AND be an important move in pushing disability theory further, into uncharted territory. This regime of rehabilitation turns disability into narrative prosthesis – discourse of liberal inclusion facilitate interventions on the body to to augment or eliminate disability so as to restore wholeness – that requires the exclusion of bodies outside of an acceptable degree of difference.Prosthesis is the norm, not the other way around – ideal body is divorced from materiality of bodies AND scrutiny here is to expose, rather than conceal, the prosthetic relation. Debate is ultimately an exercise in "the good life" and rehabilitation – so ask yourself, "what other futures are possible?"Thus, vote affirmative to recognize a crip’s right to strike.If all crips’ work is work on the self, what would it mean to strike, to refuse to work? When hailed with the call to become "productive," "normal" and "whole," what would happen if we simply chose to wallow in absence and incompleteness? If all life is labor, and labor is "the good life" of modernity, going on strike means refusing to live in rehabilitated ways.
The 1AC is an injunction into debate’s framework of compulsory optimism – crip failure is a strategy of survival that creates new possibilities of care and refusal of affective regimes of futurity.Kolarova ‘14 AND while foreclosing the negotiation of difficult yet important relationships past and the present. The Role of the Ballot is to endorse a critical cripistemology.Academic notions of inclusion only recreate the exclusions of students who fail to live up to pedagogical demands – you should invert disabled success into a failure to become normate.Mitchell et al ‘14 AND into a meaningful alternative site for transforming pedagogical practices and failed social identities. 1arModern neoliberalism requires disabled subjects to constantly remake themselves as productive subjects – labor is no longer about the production of commodities, but shaping bodies into marketable forms which requires work for disabled people to be work on the self – this invests in a rehabilitative logic which includes certain disabled people upon their capacity to live up to liberal humanism’s promise of "the good life" while erasing bodies that can’t – voting aff affirms a crip’s right to strike which refuses the demand to overcome abjection in favor of crafting survival out of it.We have impact turned their idea of presumption – it assumes the ethos of "getting better" that just gaslights disabled people – the aff is a survival strategy that moves toward a mode of change without rehabilitation.But – saying "the ballot doesn’t solve" isn’t offense – Mitchell says cripistemologies reframe disabled success as failure to become normate which "allows us to escape norms that discipline human development" – even if voting aff doesn’t materially change things, our model of debate still generates useful pedagogical interventions which means debating the aff is valuable.cinterpWe get to weigh our aff because we’re impact turning their model of debate – Mitchell says curriculum is a disciplinary apparatus which means even if we lose the case and the counter-interp you should vote aff if we win offense here because failure to be normate is good.There’s a Rehabilitation DA – ~team’s~ model of the topic centers deliberation over labor organizing over the need for ~stasis/contestation/refinement~ which turns debate into a rhetorical exercise in rehabilitaion because it invests in fantasies of "aspirational normativity" which weaponizes debate’s telos towards a neoliberal performance of one’s citizenship that is both violent towards disabled debaters while simultaneously normalizing "the nation as a fully capacitated body."C/I – Discussions of the topic should center around the rhetorical trope of the body.~Read if time~ "Resolved" means breaking down and analyzing.Merriam-Webster Filter offense through crip signing – even if their definitions are technically correct, our model situates and reworks the topic in its rhetorical context – that’s key to theorizing through the body which is the only predictable stasis and thinking through the functions that animate discussions of labor – that’s 1AC St. Pierre.lblTheir stasis point is bad and our counter-interp solves predictability – that was the top – limits aren’t yes/no – their interpretation leads to new plans constantly and advantage areas that aren’t intrinsic to the topic – no brightline for how many affs are too many means you err aff – this is specifically true in a world where they’ve conceded St. Pierre’s argument that labor is no longer about the production of commodities, but the creation of marketable subjects.1. They don’t lose any ground – they still get core topic DAs, CPs and NCs – plus they get to dump electoralism good as an impact turn.2. There are tons of Ks you could read – Baudrillard, cap, settler colonialism and afropess aren’t concessionary and allow for awesome K v K debates – plus they produce an account of the account of the rhetorical tropes of electoral politics.====Fairness isn’t an impact because it can’t give a telos to the game absent it’s maintenance which means all our impact turns outweigh it – but their attempt to make the game of debate purely rational is a desire for .==== | 12/4/21 |
SO - AC - badiouTournament: valley | Round: 1 | Opponent: lake highland AV | Judge: Mark Kivimaki Capitalist medical systems are in crisis – Covid-19 has laid bare the foundational contradictions within the structure of pharmaceuticals – private corporations use patent protections thru the WTO to stifle innovation while raking in massive profits at the expense of the globally dispossessed.Attard ‘20 AND market system only thinks about immediate returns. Human lives are small change. Neoliberalism is unsustainable and causes extinction – multiple intertwined crises make collapse inevitable which means its try-or-die – we got charts!von Weizsäcker and Wijkman ‘17 AND upon as high-risk assets (see Sect. 3.4). Revolution is closer than ever – but the masses require a principle of organization.Replace with medicine specific stuff – find Wednesday after class. AND the emancipation of the entire oppressed people in America, including the blacks. Thus, vote aff to affirm revolutionary medicine as a reduction in intellectual property protections for medicines.Medicine can and must be revolutionary – voting affirmative aligns with a view of healthcare militantly opposed to capitalist power accumulation in favor of social views of health and broad coalitions among health workers and patients.Yamada et al ‘20 AND well-being. Revolutionary medicine is required to create such a society. That commits to a new project of proletarian internationalism which generates global solidarity against the forces of capitalist imperialism.Viewpoint ‘18 AND had to put aside, even these lacks will have had a purpose. In the face of capitalist hegemony, Marxist thought affirms that, above all, it is right to rebel – truth can only be found in revolutionary practice.Badiou ‘6 AND they have all the reasons on their side, and much more besides. You should understand the aff as a project of counter-hegemony – every debate and argument is a testing ground to strengthen the communist movement – voting affirmative is an investment in the war of position.Carrol ‘6 AND existing relationships of domination" (Brand and Hirsch, 2004: 377). The Role of the Judge is to be a propagandist.Studies prove debate is inevitably implicated in the context of propaganda – voting aff aligns with a model predicated on communist base-building.Greene and Hicks ‘6 AND Baird believed to be evident in ‘the majority of students’ was unstable. Distrust their statistical data- it’s manufactured by corporations with faulty quantitative research incentivized by capitalismGalloway ‘14 AND in history have immaterial and informatic assets been so closely intertwined with capital. | 9/25/21 |
SO - AC - bellerTournament: grapevine | Round: 1 | Opponent: harrison MB | Judge: Delon Fuller acWelcome to the age of the World Computer where society has become a series of 1’s and 0’s that codifies life through a series of abstraction in which racial capitalism uses to codify difference along lines of race, gender, and class through history. Information is not a real product of the world but is rather a byproduct of this new system that arises from value management. The World Computer uses our every move to repair itself through the punishment of difference. The role of the ballot should be to resist informatics – resisting further automation of our thought processes is keyFor spec purposes: AND oppression which is at once beyond all calculation and one with it.7 From this closed system arises a feeback between the epistemological and the ontological which gives rise to reactionary measures of geopolitics. This creates the notion of the terrestrial and the alien – one of which is securitized – the other is eliminated. The logic of data syncs with the World Computer to create endless global disastersParisi 19 (Luciana Parisi; 5/22/19; ŠUM Journal of Contemporary Art, Criticism and Theory, Special Issue Number 11; "Surrational Fugitives" from Hypersonics Hyperstitions; http://sumrevija.si/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/SUM-11'FINAL'pages.pdf**; Luciana Parisi is Reader in Cultural Theory, Chair of the PhD programme at the Centre for Cultural Studies, and co-director of the Digital Culture Unit, Goldsmiths University of London. She published Abstract Sex: Philosophy, Biotechnology and the Mutations of Desire (2004) and Contagious Architecture. Computation, Aesthetics and Space (2013). She is currently researching the history of automation and the philosophical consequences of logical thinking in machines.; pages 1460-1463) HB *Note – the evidence uses "Man" as a description of dominating structures, not as a general reference to the human* AND unknown world that has always run parallel to the military mission of Man. What is a patent if not a monopolization on the production and distribution of information? The medical industry has become operationalized through the process of abstraction, one that seeks to render life valueless through financializationBeller 18 (Jonathan Beller; 2018; Pluto Press; "The Message is Murder: Substrates of Computational Capitalism"; accessed 8/6/21; ask me for the pdf; Jonathan Beller is a film theorist, culture critic and mediologist. He currently holds the position of Professor of Humanities and Media Studies and Critical and Visual Studies, Pratt Institute, Brooklyn, NY. He is the recipient of numerous awards and fellowships including Mellon, J.P. Getty and Fulbright Foundation grants and honours; pages 89-96) HB AND thought and praxis open when the logic gate selected is "Yes."25 Debate also operates through this project of disappearance – visualizing intellectual property protections only through their truncation as information for recursion and iteration. Even as the noises of the crisis outside restructures our activity into zoom calls and chat boxes, we are told to stubbornly return to run the same code year after year in a ressentiment-driven will to abstraction. COVID along with thousands of other holocausts of racial capitalism’s derivative system: from debt to municipal plunder to resource extraction to Palantir’s military tech.Against the demand to input a binary 1 or 0 into the operating system of the world computer, our affirmation of the resolution refuses the presumed instrumentality of the question, in favor of the proliferation of the beautiful, cacophonous noise of the otherwise and outside. Only this rethinking of thinking can reveal the geopolitical alternatives that are excluded from the episteme of the world computer.Thus, I affirm that member states of the World Trade Organization should reduce intellectual property protections for medicines.Rather than let automation continue to control our thoughts, the affirmative acts as an embrace of the potential of a new communist horizon. It is a strike – right here, right now – within debate against algorithmic logics. In our experiment, we refuse the technological image that has abstracted itself onto reality and create new ways to know that cannot be cataloged into the code. This new method of communism is one that devises a plan of revolution, radicalizing the semiotic, libidinal, and politicalBeller 21-2 (Jonathan Beller; 2021; Duke University Press; "The World Computer: Derivative Conditions of Racial Capitalism"; accessed 4/11/21; ask me for the pdf; Jonathan Beller is a film theorist, culture critic and mediologist. He currently holds the position of Professor of Humanities and Media Studies and Critical and Visual Studies, Pratt Institute, Brooklyn, NY. He is the recipient of numerous awards and fellowships including Mellon, J.P. Getty and Fulbright Foundation grants and honours.; pages 184-195) HB AND Perhaps we have only begun to glimpse what a total refusal might achieve. Our politic must politicize the social relations that are naturalized, buried, and rendered unthought by abstraction. The overproliferation of abstraction does not remove bias from information, but instead simply disappears the social to reify and encode disposability and death along lines of racial capitalism. Our response cannot just be to decolonize the world, we must also decolonize the techne of thought itself.Beller, 21-3 (Jonathan Beller, Professor of Humanities and Media Studies and Critical and Visual Studies @ Pratt Institute, has written extensively on the Philippines, computation, political economy, and the attention economy. The World Computer: Derivative Conditions of Racial Capitalism, Duke University Press, 2021.) AND at specific machine histories and processes of grammartization we shall demonstrate that modern machines | 9/11/21 |
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