Westford Wang Neg
| Tournament | Round | Opponent | Judge | Cites | Round Report | Open Source | Edit/Delete |
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| Duke Invitational | 2 | Harrison TB | Dunn, Katie |
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| Duke Invitational | 3 | Ardrey Kell PI | Lamberson, Eva |
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| Kansas City Invitational | 1 | Midtown KT | Roeder, Charles |
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| Kansas City Invitational | 4 | Stockdale RP | Krouse, Kevin |
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| New York City Invitational | 6 | Marcus JR | Heaven Montague |
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| New York City Invitational | 4 | Rosemount JA | Matton, Elise |
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| Yale Invitational | 1 | Syosset LG | Liyanage, Nethmin |
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| Yale Invitational | 3 | James Logan SM | Chen, Victor |
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| x | Finals | x | x |
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| Tournament | Round | Report |
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| Duke Invitational | 2 | Opponent: Harrison TB | Judge: Dunn, Katie 1AC - Racial Cap Inequalities |
| Duke Invitational | 3 | Opponent: Ardrey Kell PI | Judge: Lamberson, Eva 1AC - China Heg Pandemics WTO Cred |
| Kansas City Invitational | 1 | Opponent: Midtown KT | Judge: Roeder, Charles 1ac - resisting col |
| Kansas City Invitational | 4 | Opponent: Stockdale RP | Judge: Krouse, Kevin 1ac - debris |
| New York City Invitational | 6 | Opponent: Marcus JR | Judge: Heaven Montague 1AC - Queer K |
| New York City Invitational | 4 | Opponent: Rosemount JA | Judge: Matton, Elise 1AC - Access Drug prices |
| Yale Invitational | 1 | Opponent: Syosset LG | Judge: Liyanage, Nethmin 1AC - Set Col K |
| Yale Invitational | 3 | Opponent: James Logan SM | Judge: Chen, Victor 1AC - Access - SV fw |
To modify or delete round reports, edit the associated round.
Cites
| Entry | Date |
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0 - Contact InfoTournament: x | Round: Finals | Opponent: x | Judge: x | 9/17/21 |
JF - CP - Communication - v1Tournament: Kansas City Invitational | Round: 4 | Opponent: Stockdale RP | Judge: Krouse, Kevin CP – communication(0:24) Counterplan: Space fairing superpowers should communicate with each other to promote transparency, about space debris and satellite locations.Lauder, John, 26-9-2020 "How to Avoid a Space Arms Race," No Publication, https://www.rand.org/blog/2020/10/how-to-avoid-a-space-arms-race.html AND in space, including best practices to avoid collisions and mitigate space debris. | 1/29/22 |
JF - CP - Debris Pickup - v1Tournament: Kansas City Invitational | Round: 4 | Opponent: Stockdale RP | Judge: Krouse, Kevin CP – Debris Pickup(0:54) Counterplan text: The United Nations office for outer space affairs ought to adopt a system of market share liability in regard to the creation of debris in outer space by private entities in accordance with Munoz-Patchen 18The Counterplan incentivizes proportional debris clean up while deterring future debris creationMunoz-Patchen 18 ~Chelsea Munoz-Patchen, Chelsea Muñoz-Patchen is an associate in the Houston office of Latham and Watkins. While attending University of Chicago Law School, Ms. Muñoz-Patchen was an articles editor for The Chicago Journal of International Law. Her research on regulating space debris was published in 2018. Ms. Muñoz-Patchen served as a research assistant for Professors Daniel Abebe and Jonathan Masur, focusing on intellectual property and constitutional law in the US and Ethiopia. Prior to law school, Ms. Muñoz-Patchen earned her BA and BS in Geography from Arizona State University. As a graduate student, she studied political ecology and people’s relationship to urban nature, and taught Introduction to Physical Geography labs. 7-1-2018, Semanticscholar, "Regulating the Space Commons: Treating Space Debris as Abandoned Property in Violation of the Outer Space Treaty | Semantic Scholar", https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Regulating-the-Space-Commons3A-Treating-Space-Debris-Munoz-Patchen/607eff0141f48332a69ae8c5a3301d871057a4fa accessed 12/21/21~ Adam AND removing the disincentive to carry the cost in the face of potential freeriding. | 1/29/22 |
JF - CP - PAROS - v1Tournament: Kansas City Invitational | Round: 4 | Opponent: Stockdale RP | Judge: Krouse, Kevin CP – PAROS(0:20) Counterplan: States ought to abide by the Prevention of an Arms Race Treaty in Space (PAROS)NTI 21, "Proposed Prevention of an Arms Race in Space (PAROS) Treaty." PROPOSED PREVENTION OF AN ARMS RACE IN SPACE (PAROS) TREATY, 5 Apr. 2021, www.nti.org/learn/treaties-and-regimes/proposed-prevention-arms-race-space-paros-treaty/. In 1985 the CD established an ad hoc committee to identify and examine issues relevant to PAROS such as the legal protection of satellites, nuclear power systems in space, and various confidence-building measures. The United States resolutely opposed giving the committee a negotiating mandate, preferring bilateral talks with the Soviet Union. The committee convened each year through 1994. No further committee meeting occurred due to objections made by the United States. In 1990 the United States stated that it "has not identified any practical outer space arms control measures that can be dealt within a multilateral environment." With its large missile defense program and technical advantages in potential space weaponry, the United States has consistently refused to negotiate PAROS in the CD. Under the draft treaty submitted to the CD by Russia in 2008, State Parties would commit to refrain from placing objects carrying any type of weapon into orbit, installing weapons on celestial bodies, and threatening to use force against objects in outer space. State Parties would also agree to practice agreed confidence-building measures. A PAROS treaty would complement and reaffirm the importance of the 1967 Outer Space Treaty, which aims to preserve space for peaceful uses by prohibiting the use of space weapons, the development of space-weapon technology, and technology related to "missile defense." The treaty would prevent any nation from gaining a military advantage in outer space. | 1/29/22 |
JF - DA - Innovation - v1Tournament: Kansas City Invitational | Round: 1 | Opponent: Midtown KT | Judge: Roeder, Charles Contention 2: Innovation(1:24 no spreading) Space Commercialization drives Tech Innovation in the Status Quo – it provides a unique impetus.Hampson 17 Joshua Hampson 1-25-2017 "The Future of Space Commercialization" https://republicans-science.house.gov/sites/republicans.science.house.gov/files/documents/TheFutureofSpaceCommercializationFinal.pdf (Security Studies Fellow at the Niskanen Center)Elmer AND to global networks, and new opportunities could lead to wider economic growth. Strong Innovation solves Extinction.Matthews 18 Dylan Matthews 10-26-2018 "How to help people millions of years from now" https://www.vox.com/future-perfect/2018/10/26/18023366/far-future-effective-altruism-existential-risk-doing-good (Co-founder of Vox, citing Nick Beckstead @ Rutgers University)Re-cut by Elmer AND far future, then effective altruism just becomes plain ol’ do-goodery. | 1/29/22 |
JF - DA - Weather Forecasts - v1Tournament: Kansas City Invitational | Round: 1 | Opponent: Midtown KT | Judge: Roeder, Charles Contention 1: Weather Forecasts(1:42 no spreading) Starlink Mega-Constellations generates next-level advanced Weather Forecasting.Erwin 20 Sandra Erwin 10-14-2020 "SpaceX to explore ways to provide weather data to U.S. military" https://spacenews.com/spacex-to-explore-ways-to-provide-weather-data-to-u-s-military/ (Sandra Erwin writes about military space programs, policy, technology and the industry that supports this sector. She has covered the military, the Pentagon, Congress and the defense industry for nearly two decades as editor of NDIA’s National Defense Magazine and Pentagon correspondent for Real Clear Defense.)Elmer AND be provided at relatively low cost from companies that operate proliferated LEO systems. Advanced Weather Forecasting solves Climate Change.Taylor-Smith 21 Kerry Taylor-Smith 3-25-2021 "What Role can Advanced Weather Forecasting have in Providing Climate Crisis Solutions?" https://www.azocleantech.com/article.aspx?ArticleID=1193 (Pursuing a passion for science, Kerry completed a degree in Natural Sciences at the University of Bath; where she studied a range of topics, including chemistry, biology, and environmental sciences. Her passion for writing grew as she worked on the university newspaper as a contributor, feature editor, and editor.)Elmer AND of adverse events – and the costs, environmental, economic or otherwise. Warming causes ExtinctionKareiva 18, Peter, and Valerie Carranza. "Existential risk due to ecosystem collapse: Nature strikes back." Futures 102 (2018): 39-50. (Ph.D. in ecology and applied mathematics from Cornell University, director of the Institute of the Environment and Sustainability at UCLA, Pritzker Distinguished Professor in Environment and Sustainability at UCLA)Re-cut by Elmer AND complete scientific understanding when it comes to positive feedback loops and climate change. | 1/29/22 |
JF - T - Whole Res - v1Tournament: Kansas City Invitational | Round: 4 | Opponent: Stockdale RP | Judge: Krouse, Kevin T – whole resInterpretation: The aff must defend the whole res and not a subset of the resolution. Standards1~ Limits—there are thousands of new affsa~ negs only have the innovation DA as a generic—no links to every aff that means crazy aff prep skew b~ only big schools can compete since small teams cannot prep for every single small unpredictable aff2~ Precision—anything other interp lets affs do away with random words in the res a~ that means no solid neg ground b~ The judge doesn’t have the jurisdiction to vote on affs that don’t affirmVote neg because fairness is constitutive of the game of debate, drop the debater bc their arg is their advocacy, competing interps because reasonability is arbitrary, no rvis – they’re illogical and chill theory by creating a disincentive. | 1/29/22 |
SO - CP - COVAX - v1Tournament: Duke Invitational | Round: 2 | Opponent: Harrison TB | Judge: Dunn, Katie Covid CPCounterplan: The World Trade Organization ought to-Increase covax support-prioritize trade facilitation-commit to aid for LDC’s-invest in pandemic preparednessVioleta Gonzalez 8-1-2021, "Opinion: 4 ways to promote vaccine equity through trade," Devex, https://www.devex.com/news/opinion-4-ways-to-promote-vaccine-equity-through-trade-100457 | 10/2/21 |
SO - CP - COVAX - v1Tournament: Duke Invitational | Round: 3 | Opponent: Ardrey Kell PI | Judge: Lamberson, Eva | 10/2/21 |
SO - CP - FDA - v1Tournament: Duke Invitational | Round: 3 | Opponent: Ardrey Kell PI | Judge: Lamberson, Eva CP- FDA Reg (Prices)CP text: Denationalize drug approvals by establishing an international drug approval agency.Henderson and Hooper 15, Henderson, David,( phd) and Charles Hooper (ms). To Increase Innovation and Make Drugs More Affordable, Deregulate, Journal of Clinical Pathways, Sept. 2015, www.hmpgloballearningnetwork.com/site/jcp/article/increase-innovation-and-make-drugs-more-affordable-deregulate. AND drugs to lower prices, or at least not raise them as much. | 10/2/21 |
SO - CP - HIF - v1Tournament: Yale Invitational | Round: 3 | Opponent: James Logan SM | Judge: Chen, Victor | 9/18/21 |
SO - CP - HIF - v1Tournament: New York City Invitational | Round: 4 | Opponent: Rosemount JA | Judge: Matton, Elise CP: HIF (Price/Access)Counterplan – add a Health Impact Fund to incentivize Pharmaceuticals to voluntarily lower prices and increase access. This would add a complement to IPP rather than reducing it.Pogge 10 ~Thomas Pogge, Thomas Winfried Menko Pogge is a German philosopher and is the Director of the Global Justice Program and Leitner Professor of Philosophy and International Affairs at Yale University. Cambridge University Press, "Incentives for Global Health: Patent Law and Access to Essential Medicines. The Health Impact Fund: Better Pharmaceutical Innovations at Much Lower Prices," 2010, https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract'id=1431180~~/ lm The exclusion of the poor by the existing patent regime requires reform. Given AND of new high-impact medicines without excluding the poor from its use. That solves the aff by including the poor and increasing access but doesn’t trigger the disad because it’s voluntary, IPP remains unchanged, and increases innovation.Pogge 10 ~Thomas Pogge, Thomas Winfried Menko Pogge is a German philosopher and is the Director of the Global Justice Program and Leitner Professor of Philosophy and International Affairs at Yale University. Cambridge University Press, "Incentives for Global Health: Patent Law and Access to Essential Medicines. The Health Impact Fund: Better Pharmaceutical Innovations at Much Lower Prices," 2010, https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract'id=1431180~~/ lm AND these countries in order to enhance the impact of their HIFregistered medicines there. | 10/16/21 |
SO - DA - Generics Bad - v1Tournament: Yale Invitational | Round: 3 | Opponent: James Logan SM | Judge: Chen, Victor Generics DAGupta et. Al 10, Gupta, Himanshu et al. (Faculty of Pharmacy, Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University), New Delhi-110 062, India1School of Pharmacy and Technology Management, SVKM's NMIMS University, Mumbai-56, India )"Patent protection strategies." Jan-March 2010, Journal of pharmacy and bioallied sciences vol. 2,1 (2010): 2-7. doi:10.4103/0975-7406.62694 Eban 19, Eban, Katherine. (an investigative journalist and the author of the New York Times bestseller Bottle of Lies: The Inside Story of the Generic Drug Boom. ) "How Some Generic Drugs Could Do More Harm than Good." How Some Generic Drugs Could Do More Harm Than Good, Time, 17 May 2019, time.com/5590602/generic-drugs-quality-risk/. | 9/18/21 |
SO - DA - Innovation - v1Tournament: Yale Invitational | Round: 1 | Opponent: Syosset LG | Judge: Liyanage, Nethmin Innovation DASwagel 21 Phillip L. Swagel, Director of the Congressional budget office 4-xx-2021, "Research and Development in the Pharmaceutical Industry," Congressional Budget Office, https://www.cbo.goc/publication/57126~~#'idTextAnchor020 SJDA Glassman 21 ~Amanda; 5/6/21; Executive vice president and a senior fellow at the Center for Global Development, a nonpartisan, nonprofit think tank in Washington and London; "Big Pharma Is Not the Tobacco Industry," Barron, https://www.barrons.com/articles/big-pharma-is-not-the-tobacco-industry-51620315693~~ Justin Engelhardt 8, H. Tristram. Innovation and the pharmaceutical industry: critical reflections on the virtues of profit. M and M Scrivener Press, 2008 (doctorate in philosophy (University of Texas at Austin), M.D. (Tulane University), professor of philosophy (Rice University), and professor emeritus at Baylor College of Medicine) Marjanovic and Fejiao ‘20 Marjanovic, Sonja, and Carolina Feijao. Sonja Marjanovic, Ph.D., Judge Business School, University of Cambridge. Carolina Feijao, Ph.D. in biochemistry, University of Cambridge; M.Sc. in quantitive biology, Imperial College London; B.Sc. in biology, University of Lisbon. "Pharmaceutical Innovation for Infectious Disease Management: From Troubleshooting to Sustainable Models of Engagement." https://www.rand.org/pubs/perspectives/PEA407-1.html (2020). ~Quality Control~ Millett and Snyder-Beattie ‘17. Millett, Ph.D., Senior Research Fellow, Future of Humanity Institute, University of Oxford; and Snyder-Beattie, M.S., Director of Research, Future of Humanity Institute, University of Oxford. 08-01-2017. "Existential Risk and Cost-Effective Biosecurity," Health Security, 15(4), PubMed -CAT | 9/18/21 |
SO - DA - Innovation - v1Tournament: Yale Invitational | Round: 3 | Opponent: James Logan SM | Judge: Chen, Victor Innovation DASwagel 21 Phillip L. Swagel, Director of the Congressional budget office 4-xx-2021, "Research and Development in the Pharmaceutical Industry," Congressional Budget Office, https://www.cbo.goc/publication/57126~~#'idTextAnchor020 SJDA Glassman 21 ~Amanda; 5/6/21; Executive vice president and a senior fellow at the Center for Global Development, a nonpartisan, nonprofit think tank in Washington and London; "Big Pharma Is Not the Tobacco Industry," Barron, https://www.barrons.com/articles/big-pharma-is-not-the-tobacco-industry-51620315693~~ Justin Engelhardt 8, H. Tristram. Innovation and the pharmaceutical industry: critical reflections on the virtues of profit. M and M Scrivener Press, 2008 (doctorate in philosophy (University of Texas at Austin), M.D. (Tulane University), professor of philosophy (Rice University), and professor emeritus at Baylor College of Medicine) Marjanovic and Fejiao ‘20 Marjanovic, Sonja, and Carolina Feijao. Sonja Marjanovic, Ph.D., Judge Business School, University of Cambridge. Carolina Feijao, Ph.D. in biochemistry, University of Cambridge; M.Sc. in quantitive biology, Imperial College London; B.Sc. in biology, University of Lisbon. "Pharmaceutical Innovation for Infectious Disease Management: From Troubleshooting to Sustainable Models of Engagement." https://www.rand.org/pubs/perspectives/PEA407-1.html (2020). ~Quality Control~ Millett and Snyder-Beattie ‘17. Millett, Ph.D., Senior Research Fellow, Future of Humanity Institute, University of Oxford; and Snyder-Beattie, M.S., Director of Research, Future of Humanity Institute, University of Oxford. 08-01-2017. "Existential Risk and Cost-Effective Biosecurity," Health Security, 15(4), PubMed -CAT | 9/18/21 |
SO - DA - Innovation - v1Tournament: Duke Invitational | Round: 3 | Opponent: Ardrey Kell PI | Judge: Lamberson, Eva Glassman 21 Amanda; 5/6/21; Executive vice president and a senior fellow at the Center for Global Development, a nonpartisan, nonprofit think tank in Washington and London; "Big Pharma Is Not the Tobacco Industry," Barron, https://www.barrons.com/articles/big-pharma-is-not-the-tobacco-industry-51620315693~~ Justin Engelhardt 8, H. Tristram. Innovation and the pharmaceutical industry: critical reflections on the virtues of profit. M and M Scrivener Press, 2008 (doctorate in philosophy (University of Texas at Austin), M.D. (Tulane University), professor of philosophy (Rice University), and professor emeritus at Baylor College of Medicine) Marjanovic and Fejiao ‘20 Marjanovic, Sonja, and Carolina Feijao. Sonja Marjanovic, Ph.D., Judge Business School, University of Cambridge. Carolina Feijao, Ph.D. in biochemistry, University of Cambridge; M.Sc. in quantitive biology, Imperial College London; B.Sc. in biology, University of Lisbon. "Pharmaceutical Innovation for Infectious Disease Management: From Troubleshooting to Sustainable Models of Engagement." https://www.rand.org/pubs/perspectives/PEA407-1.html (2020). Quality Control Millett and Snyder-Beattie ‘17. Millett, Ph.D., Senior Research Fellow, Future of Humanity Institute, University of Oxford; and Snyder-Beattie, M.S., Director of Research, Future of Humanity Institute, University of Oxford. 08-01-2017. "Existential Risk and Cost-Effective Biosecurity," Health Security, 15(4), PubMed -CAT | 10/2/21 |
SO - DA - Innovation - v2Tournament: Duke Invitational | Round: 2 | Opponent: Harrison TB | Judge: Dunn, Katie Innovation DAPharma innovation is high now – profit incentive is the biggest factor.Swagel 21 Phillip L. Swagel, Director of the Congressional budget office 4-xx-2021, "Research and Development in the Pharmaceutical Industry," Congressional Budget Office, https://www.cbo.goc/publication/57126~~#'idTextAnchor020 SJDA AND drugs), and conducting postapproval testing for safety-monitoring or marketing purposes. The aff crushes drug innovation.Glassman 21 ~Amanda; 5/6/21; Executive vice president and a senior fellow at the Center for Global Development, a nonpartisan, nonprofit think tank in Washington and London; "Big Pharma Is Not the Tobacco Industry," Barron, https://www.barrons.com/articles/big-pharma-is-not-the-tobacco-industry-51620315693~~ Justin AND by ponying up cash to vaccinate the entire world. No confiscation necessary. Pharma Innovation prevents Extinction – checks new diseases.Engelhardt 8, H. Tristram. Innovation and the pharmaceutical industry: critical reflections on the virtues of profit. M and M Scrivener Press, 2008 (doctorate in philosophy (University of Texas at Austin), M.D. (Tulane University), professor of philosophy (Rice University), and professor emeritus at Baylor College of Medicine) AND profit in medicine and especially in the pharmaceutical and medical-device industry. | 10/2/21 |
SO - DA - Innovation - v3Tournament: New York City Invitational | Round: 4 | Opponent: Rosemount JA | Judge: Matton, Elise Pharma innovation is high now – profit incentive is the biggest factor.Swagel 21 Phillip L. Swagel, Director of the Congressional budget office 4-xx-2021, "Research and Development in the Pharmaceutical Industry," Congressional Budget Office, https://www.cbo.goc/publication/57126~~#'idTextAnchor020 SJDA AND drugs), and conducting postapproval testing for safety-monitoring or marketing purposes. The aff crushes drug innovation.Glassman 21 ~Amanda; 5/6/21; Executive vice president and a senior fellow at the Center for Global Development, a nonpartisan, nonprofit think tank in Washington and London; "Big Pharma Is Not the Tobacco Industry," Barron, https://www.barrons.com/articles/big-pharma-is-not-the-tobacco-industry-51620315693~~ Justin AND by ponying up cash to vaccinate the entire world. No confiscation necessary. Pharma Innovation prevents Extinction – checks new diseases.Engelhardt 8, H. Tristram. Innovation and the pharmaceutical industry: critical reflections on the virtues of profit. M and M Scrivener Press, 2008 (doctorate in philosophy (University of Texas at Austin), M.D. (Tulane University), professor of philosophy (Rice University), and professor emeritus at Baylor College of Medicine) AND profit in medicine and especially in the pharmaceutical and medical-device industry. | 10/16/21 |
SO - K - Cap - v1Tournament: New York City Invitational | Round: 4 | Opponent: Rosemount JA | Judge: Matton, Elise Cap K(2:15) The aff’s positioning of competition as intrinsic good acts to maintain the stability of capital accumulation.Christophers 16 ~Brett Christophers, Professor in the Department of Social and Economic Geography at Uppsala University, "The Great Leveler: Capitalism and Competition in the Court of Law," 2016, Harvard University Press, pp. 8-15, EA~ AND the law as the primary, necessarily mutable, instrument of such maintenance. Capitalist imperialism enables hypermilitarization, dooms world economic prosperity to inevitable collapse, and plunges the human species into extinction.Robinson et al 17 (Robinson, William I., et al. "Global Capitalist Crisis and Trump's War Drive." Truthout, Truthout, 19 Apr. 2017, truthout.org/articles/global-capitalist-crisis-and-trump-s-war-drive/.)LK ~RCT~ ~Accessed 8/28/19~ AND wealth and power downward, can counter the upward spiral of international conflagration. The alternative is a dual power approach to communist strategy. We must build independent communist institutions capable of surviving and defending themselves against the capitalist world. Not only does the alt solve for material violence in the transition period, it also eliminates the material and ideological dependences on capital that prevent revolution.Escalante 19 ~Alyson Escalante is a Marxist-Leninist, Materialist Feminist and Anti-Imperialist activist. "Communism and Climate Change: A Dual Power Approach" in Regeneration. March 26, 2019. https://regenerationmag.org/communism-and-climate-change-a-dual-power-approach/~~ KZaidi LK ~RCT 12/10/19~ AND out of time to act, and the stakes have never been higher. | 10/16/21 |
SO - K - Cap - v2Tournament: New York City Invitational | Round: 6 | Opponent: Marcus JR | Judge: Heaven Montague SO 1NC (Short)The aff’s positioning of competition as intrinsic good acts to maintain the stability of capital accumulation.Christophers 16 ~Brett Christophers, Professor in the Department of Social and Economic Geography at Uppsala University, "The Great Leveler: Capitalism and Competition in the Court of Law," 2016, Harvard University Press, pp. 8-15, EA~ AND the law as the primary, necessarily mutable, instrument of such maintenance. Health diplomacy – Patane 21The aff is co-opted by an agenda of "health diplomacy" that only further expands capitalist imperialismAndrea Patanè 21. Marxist, Published: 15 May 2021. "COVID-19 pandemic: patents and profits" https://www.marxist.com/covid-19-pandemic-patents-and-profits.htm brett AND ‘America First’, just by somewhat more calculated means than his predecessor. Capitalist imperialism enables hypermilitarization, dooms world economic prosperity to inevitable collapse, and plunges the human species into extinction.Robinson et al 17 (Robinson, William I., et al. "Global Capitalist Crisis and Trump's War Drive." Truthout, Truthout, 19 Apr. 2017, truthout.org/articles/global-capitalist-crisis-and-trump-s-war-drive/.)LK ~RCT~ ~Accessed 8/28/19~ AND wealth and power downward, can counter the upward spiral of international conflagration. The alternative is a dual power approach to communist strategy. We must build independent communist institutions capable of surviving and defending themselves against the capitalist world. Not only does the alt solve for material violence in the transition period, it also eliminates the material and ideological dependences on capital that prevent revolution.Escalante 19 ~Alyson Escalante is a Marxist-Leninist, Materialist Feminist and Anti-Imperialist activist. "Communism and Climate Change: A Dual Power Approach" in Regeneration. March 26, 2019. https://regenerationmag.org/communism-and-climate-change-a-dual-power-approach/~~ KZaidi LK ~RCT 12/10/19~ AND out of time to act, and the stakes have never been higher. Our interpretation is that educational spaces should be about political orientations. Any other knowledge is depoliticizing and precludes revolution. We must teach the students to overcome bourgeois consciousness—Divorce learning from its applicability into economic productivity and criticize the aff’s starting point.Starr 79 (John Bryan, John Bryan Starr has written extensively on China, including Ideology and Culture and Continuing the Revolution. He has taught at the Universities of Yale, California and Dartmouth and was president of both the Yale China Association and the China Institute. | Continuing the Revolution: The Political Thought of Mao, Published 1979.)tbrooks LK ~RCT 12/17/19~ AND a situation designed to solve the problem of embourgeoisement in a socialist society. | 10/16/21 |
SO - T - Nebel MedicinesTournament: New York City Invitational | Round: 6 | Opponent: Marcus JR | Judge: Heaven Montague Nebel- medicinesInterp: "Medicines" is a bare plural, thus the aff must not defend a subset of medicines.Nebel 19 Nebel, Jake. ~PhD candidate in philosophy at New York University, executive director at the Victory Briefs Institute for Debate, professor of philosophy at the University of Southern California~. "Existential Bare Plurals and Quantifier Scope." Vbriefly. January 2, 2019. https://www.vbriefly.com/2019/01/02/existential-bare-plurals-and-quantifier-scope-by-jake-nebel/?fbclid=IwAR3d1BVzSwoB1sq7PQR9dYE3'Ee-qAgD-phE2xJh6kAmrrgPOyabpO'Dxww TG AND linguistic intuition, which is the primary source of data for linguistic theorizing. Applies to medicines a~ just because the WTO should reduce IP medicines doesn’t mean that all science b~ Invalid inference: just because we should reduce IP on one subset of medicines doesn’t mean we should reduce IP on all subsets of medicinesViolation: The plan text specs horomones subset of medicinesStandards1~ Limits—there are 20,000 new affs a~ negs only have the innovation DA as a generic—no links to every aff that means crazy aff prep skew b~ only big schools can compete since small teams cannot prep for every single small unpredictable affFDA 9-2020"Fact Sheet: FDA at a Glance," U.S. Food and Drug Administration, https://www.fda.gov/about-fda/fda-basics/fact-sheet-fda-glance AND The estimated number of regulated products is continually assessed for accuracy and reliability. 2~ Precision—anything other interp lets affs do away with random words in the res a~ that means no solid neg ground b~ The judge doesn’t have the jurisdiction to vote on affs that don’t affirmVotersFairness first—debate is a game if its not fair people won’t playDTD—a~ debaters only listen to ballots it creates the best norms, and they ruined my ability to compete b~ the argument is their case that means the debate can’t startNo RVI a~ debaters will bait theory for RVI’s making LD more abusive b~ you don’t get a cookie for being fairCompeting interps a~ Reasonability is arbitrary and requires judge intervention b~ competing interps is a race to the top for the best normsT before theory a~ I only get 2 months to set norms they get 4 years b~ any NC abuse was a necessary check against 1AC abuse | 10/16/21 |
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