The Meadows Novice Aff
| Tournament | Round | Opponent | Judge | Cites | Round Report | Open Source | Edit/Delete |
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| ASU | 2 | idk | idk |
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| ASU | 1 | idk | idk |
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| Damien | 1 | IDK | IDK |
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| HWL | 2 | IDK | IDK |
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| HWL Nov | 1 | IDK | IDK |
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| HWL Nov | 2 | IDK | IDK |
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| HWL Nov | 2 | IDK | IDK |
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| Long Beach | 2 | IDK | IDK |
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| Test | 1 | Test | Test |
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| Tournament | Round | Report |
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| ASU | 2 | Opponent: idk | Judge: idk JF - Novice Space Militarization AC |
| ASU | 1 | Opponent: idk | Judge: idk JF - Novice Debris AC |
| Damien | 1 | Opponent: IDK | Judge: IDK SO Novice COVID AC - 20 |
| HWL | 2 | Opponent: IDK | Judge: IDK ND - Strikes AC |
| HWL Nov | 1 | Opponent: IDK | Judge: IDK JF Nov Frontier Mentality AC |
| HWL Nov | 2 | Opponent: IDK | Judge: IDK JF - Nov Space Debris AC |
| HWL Nov | 2 | Opponent: IDK | Judge: IDK JF - Nov Space Debris AC |
| Long Beach | 2 | Opponent: IDK | Judge: IDK SO - Novice COVID Waiver AC |
To modify or delete round reports, edit the associated round.
Cites
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JF - Nov Frontier Mentality ACTournament: HWL Nov | Round: 1 | Opponent: IDK | Judge: IDK Novice – Frontier Mentality ACI affirm the resolution that the appropriation of outer space by private entities is unjust because it embodies the frontier mentality.My value is progress. Human society must continually improve to survive. Reducing pain, misery, and injustice is an essential element of human nature.My criteria is avoiding the mistakes of history. Mistakes are inevitable – the question is whether you learn from them or not. Repeating the same mistakes dooms us to continue the worst aspects of the past.Miller, 2001 – eco critic for the Electronic Green Journal ~Ryder EGJ no. 15 "Astroenvironmentalism: The Case for Space Exploration As An Environmental Issue," http://escholarship.org/uc/item/2d37b8cx~~ Contention One – Private appropriation of space is based on the Frontier MentalityThe advocacy of private property claims in space is founded on the assumptions of The Frontier Mentality – that space is a frontier for us to exploit and conquer.Billings, 2006 – National Institute of Aerospace ~Linda " To the Moon, Mars, and Beyond: Culture, Law, and Ethics in Space-Faring Societies" Space Policy November https://www.researchgate.net/publication/248494321_How_shall_we_live_in_space_Culture_law_and_ethics_in_spacefaring_society~~ Relying on flawed assumptions like the frontier myth will cause us to continue the mistakes of the past.Billings, 2006 – National Institute of Aerospace ~Linda " To the Moon, Mars, and Beyond: Culture, Law, and Ethics in Space-Faring Societies" Space Policy November https://www.researchgate.net/publication/248494321_How_shall_we_live_in_space_Culture_law_and_ethics_in_spacefaring_society~~ Contention Two – The Mistakes of the Frontier1. Inequality - The Frontier Mentality repeats the structural violence of poverty from Earth into space.Launius, 2012 - former chief historian at NASA ~Roger D, July 30 "The Declining Significance of the Frontier in Space History?" https://launiusr.wordpress.com/2012/07/30/the-declining-significance-of-the-frontier-in-space-history/~~ 2. Environment – without reconsidering the frontier mentality, we will repeat environmental damage in space.Miller, 2001 – eco critic for the Electronic Green Journal ~Ryder EGJ no. 15 "Astroenvironmentalism: The Case for Space Exploration As An Environmental Issue," http://escholarship.org/uc/item/2d37b8cx~~ 3. Militarism – Space will repeat the military violence of the frontier in space.Billings, 2017 – consultant NASA's Planetary Defense Coordination Office ~Linda, "Should Humans Colonize Other Planets? No" Theology and Science · June https://www.researchgate.net/publication/317888512_Should_Humans_Colonize_Other_Planets_No~~ 4. Nationalism – The frontier mentality will reinforce American exceptionalism in space.Messeri, 2017 - prof of Anthropology at Yale ~Lisa March 15, "We Need to Stop Talking About Space as a "Frontier" The language we use matters, especially when it's deployed in the service of envisioning possible futures" https://slate.com/technology/2017/03/why-we-need-to-stop-talking-about-space-as-a-frontier.html~~ | 1/16/22 |
JF - Nov Space Debris ACTournament: HWL Nov | Round: 2 | Opponent: IDK | Judge: IDK | 1/16/22 |
JF - Space Militarization ACTournament: ASU | Round: 2 | Opponent: idk | Judge: idk Novice – Space Militarization ACMy value is life. Life is the most important priority to focus on, because Life is a precondition for all other values. For there to be justice, we must first be alive.My criterion is utilitarianism. The most just policy protects the most lives because that is the purpose of government – officials must protect as many of their citizens as possible.Contention One: Space militarization1. An Arms Race is heating up in Space – nations are developing weapons to protect commercial assets.Rogin, 2021 - national security columnist for The Washington Post ~Josh, "Opinion: A shadow war in space is heating up fast" November 30, 2021 https://www.washingtonpost.com/people/josh-rogin/~~ 2. Privatization of space is the cause of militarization – commercialization expands the military industrial complex and blurs the lines between commercial and military technologySalin, 2001 – senior researcher at the Center and Institute of Air and Space Law at McGill Univ~Patrick A. "Privatization and militarization in the space business environment", Space Policy, Vol. 17, Issue 1, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0265964600000503~~#!~~ 3. Space privatization is fostering space militarization because private assets will need to be defended, and commercial appropriation undermines space treaties which prevent Earth conflicts from spreading to space.Salin, 2001 – senior researcher at the Center and Institute of Air and Space Law at McGill Univ~Patrick A. "Privatization and militarization in the space business environment", Space Policy, Vol. 17, Issue 1, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0265964600000503~~#!~~ 4. The impact is global insecurity and war – space militarization undermines any peaceful use of space due to debris, and increases the chances for war by causing tensions and putting us on a hair triggerGilliard, 2018, Senior Editor of the International Affairs Forum ~Alexandra, 9/6/18, "What are the Consequences of Militarizing Outer Space?," https://globalsecurityreview.com/consequences-militarization-space/~~ 5. Space arms races will escalate to international conflicts because deterrence will collapse – there are no checks and balances like there are on the ground.Krepon and Thompson, 2013 – founder and researcher at The Stimson Center ~Michael and Julia "Anti-Satellite Weapons, Deterrence and Sino-American Space Relations." Stimson Center, Sept efaidnbmnnnibpcajpcglclefindmkaj/viewer.html?pdfurl=https3A2F2Fwww.stimson.org2Fwp-content2Ffiles2Ffile-attachments2FAnti-satellite2520Weapons2520-The2520Stimson2520Center.pdfandclen=6894276andchunk=true~ | 1/7/22 |
ND Strikes ACTournament: HWL | Round: 2 | Opponent: IDK | Judge: IDK Strikes – Novice AC 1.0I affirm resolved: "A just government ought to recognize an unconditional right of workers to strike." To start with, I'd like to clarify some terms in the resolution. "Unconditional" is defined as "Not limited by or subject to conditions or stipulations." The "Right to strike" is defined by the National Labor Relations Board as "The right to engage in concerted activities for the purpose of collective bargaining or other mutual aid or protection." "Recognize" in this context means to legally enforce.Next I move onto my Framework:My value is justice as fairness. Life is not fair since some people are born into situations with advantages or disadvantages that they did nothing to deserve. The job of a just government is to offset said unfair conditions in order to provide everyone with a fair opportunity. I am not saying that everyone must be equal, but rather that everyone has equal access to the basic needs of life. Fairness is a precondition for other values.My criterion is benefiting those who are least well-off. A government is most just when it ensures that every person has a fair chance, regardless of the natural lottery. The people who Need that fair chance the most are those who are in the working class because they have been born into it. This is necessary for all other values – before we decide the greatest good or societal well being or morality, we have to determine how to define what is the most moral or beneficial.Contention 1: Conditions on the right to strike have been chipping away labor unionsSubpoint 1: Contracts restricting strikes have undermined union power dramaticallyMoffatt, 2019- prof of Business, Economics and Public Policy at Western Univ. ~Mike "The Decline of Union Power." ThoughtCo, Aug. 27, 2019, thoughtco.com/the-decline-of-union-power-1147660.~ Subpoint 2- Federal law creates conditions on the right to strike - it prohibits government workers from striking, which allows involuntary servitudeBerman, 2019 - Staff writer for The Atlantic. ~Russel "Why Federal Workers still have to show up even if their not being paid", JANUARY 9, 2019,https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2019/01/shutdown-federal-workers-cant-strike/579793/~~~~ Contention Two: Unions are key to fairnessSubpoint 1. Strikes help workers to increase wages and improve working conditions – negotiations with employers are unbalanced - without the right to strike workers would be abused and subject to unsafe working conditions.Bahn, 2019 - Director of Labor Market Policy at the Washington Center for Equitable Growth ~Kate, August 29 "The once and future role of strikes in ensuring U.S. worker power" https://equitablegrowth.org/the-once-and-future-role-of-strikes-in-ensuring-u-s-worker-power/~~ Subpoint 2 – Collective action is necessary to empower workers – unions give workers leverage to negotiate with their employersBivens, 2017 - the director of research at the Economic Policy Institute ~Jason, Aug 17, "How today's unions help working people" https://www.epi.org/publication/how-todays-unions-help-working-people-giving-workers-the-power-to-improve-their-jobs-and-unrig-the-economy/~~ The right to strike is essential to all unions and collective action – it is critical to persuade employers.Leyton-García, 2017 - Professor of Labor Law at Pontificia Universidad, Chile ~Jorge Andrés "The Right To Strike As A Fundamental Human Right: Recognition And Limitations In International Law" Revista Chilena de Derecho, vol. 44, núm. 3, 2017, pp. 781-804 https://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=177054481008~~ Strong unions are essential to empower workers Politically, to ensure fairness in society.Bivens, 2017 - the director of research at the Economic Policy Institute ~Jason, Aug 17, "How today's unions help working people" https://www.epi.org/publication/how-todays-unions-help-working-people-giving-workers-the-power-to-improve-their-jobs-and-unrig-the-economy/~~ Contention Three: The right to unconditionally strike empowers workers to end exploitationWorker's rights to strike are necessary to change the workplace. Without restrictions, workers will be able to improve working conditions and increase wages with protection from the government.Human Rights Watch, 2021 ~April 29, 2021 "Why the US PRO Act Matters for the Right to Unionize: Questions and Answers" https://www.hrw.org/news/2021/04/29/why-us-pro-act-matters-right-unionize-questions-and-answers~~#~~ Right must be unconditional in order to take those rights seriously.Miller, 2012 - Centre for the Study of Social Justice at University of Oxford ~David Miller, "Are Human Rights Conditional?",CSSJ Working Papers Series, SJ020 September 2012 https://www.politics.ox.ac.uk/materials/centres/social-justice/working-papers/SJ020_Miller_Are20Human20Rights20Conditional20final20draft.pdf~~ | 11/6/21 |
SO Novice COVID AC - 20Tournament: Damien | Round: 1 | Opponent: IDK | Judge: IDK Novice Affirmative Case 2.0I affirm the resolution that "The member nations of the World Trade Organization ought to reduce intellectual property protections for medicines." I will defend that countries should waive patents on COVID vaccines and medical technologies during the pandemic.My value is life which means doing what it takes to ensure that every person has the resources they need to live. This is the most important value because life is the first natural right given to every human being.My criterion is Utilitarianism defined as the greatest benefit to a majority. Saving the most lives is the greatest good for the greatest number of people.Contention One: Patents Prolong the Pandemic Subpoint One – The coronavirus is devastating low income nations because they cannot get enough vaccines.Shah, 2021 - president of the Rockefeller Foundation ~Rajiv, "The choice for rich nations: Help vaccinate the developing world, or face a prolonged pandemic" March 19, 2021 https://fortune.com/2021/03/19/rich-countries-covid-vaccine-developing-world-options/~~ Subpoint Two - Low income nations cannot get vaccines because of an Artificial Scarcity created by patents – not enough companies are allowed to produce vaccines, and current doses are already sold out.Ogwell, 2021 - the deputy director of the African CDC, ~Ahmed AUGUST 3, 2021 'Absolutely Unacceptable' COVID-19 Vaccination Rates in Developing Countries | The Development Podcast https://www.worldbank.org/en/news/podcast/2021/07/30/-absolutely-unacceptable-vaccination-rates-in-developing-countries-the-development-podcast~~ Subpoint Three - Programs like COVAX are failing because they only have a Fraction of the vaccines necessary.Stone 2021 - Infectious Disease specialist ~Judy May 11 Forbes "Covid Vaccine Equity - Developing Countries Need Our Help" https://www.forbes.com/sites/judystone/2021/05/11/vaccine-equitydeveloping-countries-need-our-help/?sh=6d1e32cd3ec8~~ Contention Two – A COVID Waiver is essential to solving the pandemicSubpoint One - A COVID waiver would increase production of vaccines by allowing other nations to produce generic versions of the vaccine without fear of being sued.Meredith, 2021 - a Correspondent at CNBC in London ~Sam "Rich countries are refusing to waive the rights on Covid vaccines as global cases hit record levels" , APR 22 2021 https://www.cnbc.com/2021/04/22/covid-rich-countries-are-refusing-to-waive-ip-rights-on-vaccines.html ~ Subpoint Two – Waivers would solve vaccine inequality – only intellectual property prevents a people's vaccine.Mazzucato, 2021 – director of the Institute for Innovation and Public Purpose at University College London ~Mariana, with Jayati Ghosh and Els Torreele, "Intellectual property and covid-19" Apr 20th 2021 The Economist https://www.economist.com/by-invitation/2021/04/20/mariana-mazzucato-jayati-ghosh-and-els-torreele-on-waiving-covid-patents~~ Subpoint Three – There is substantial capacity and infrastructure available in other countries – only patents stand in the way.Mazzucato, 2021 – director of the Institute for Innovation and Public Purpose at University College London ~Mariana, with Jayati Ghosh and Els Torreele, "Intellectual property and covid-19" Apr 20th 2021 The Economist https://www.economist.com/by-invitation/2021/04/20/mariana-mazzucato-jayati-ghosh-and-els-torreele-on-waiving-covid-patents~~ Subpoint Four – Arguments against waivers don't apply during a pandemic, when a limited, temporary waiver will solve.Bowman and Valentine, 2021 – NPR Correspondents ~Emma and Ashish "The Coronavirus Crisis Biden Backs Waiving International Patent Protections For COVID-19 Vaccines" May 5, 2021 https://www.npr.org/sections/coronavirus-live-updates/2021/05/05/993998745/biden-backs-waiving-international-patent-protections-for-covid-19-vaccines~~ Subpoint Five – even if a waiver does not remove every obstacle, it is an important first step. We must take every step during a pandemicMazzucato, 2021 - economics professor at University College London ~Mariana, with Jayati and Els Torreele The Economist Apr 20th 2021 "To control the pandemic, it is essential to suspend intellectual property rights on medical products related to covid-19" https://www.economist.com/by-invitation/2021/04/20/mariana-mazzucato-jayati-ghosh-and-els-torreele-on-waiving-covid-patents~~ Contention Three: Waiving patents won't hurt medical innovation.
Subpoint One - Pharmaceutical companies exaggerate the impact patents have on innovation – public funding is more important, and most innovations have no medical benefit.Chaudhry, 2020 - Professor of Law, University of Dayton ~Faisal, "A secret reason Rx drugs cost so much: A global web of patent laws protects Big Pharma" January 28, The Conversation https://theconversation.com/a-secret-reason-rx-drugs-cost-so-much-a-global-web-of-patent-laws-protects-big-pharma-122028~~ Subpoint Two - Patents actual harm innovations by making data exclusive, which means other companies would have to start from scratch.Penfold, 2015 - Research Fellow , South African Institute of International Affairs ~Erica, August 6, 2015 The Conversation "Explainer: the problem drug patents pose for developing countries" https://theconversation.com/explainer-the-problem-drug-patents-pose-for-developing-countries-45667~~ Subpoint Three - Even if patents allow for new medicines, these innovations are irrelevant if no one can afford them and they are distributed inequitably. Even if a waiver reduces someone's profits, it is in the best interest for human lives. | 10/19/21 |
SO Novice COVID Waiver ACTournament: Long Beach | Round: 2 | Opponent: IDK | Judge: IDK Affirmative CaseNo human should have to die due to a company's desire to make more profit. Therefore, I affirm the resolution that "The member nations of the World Trade Organization ought to reduce intellectual property protections for medicines." What this means is that developed countries should reduce the enforcement of patents on medicine, which would allow developing countries to produce Generic versions. I will defend that countries should waive patents on COVID vaccines and medical technologies during the pandemic.My value is life which means doing what it takes to ensure that every person has the resources they need to live. This is the most important value because life is the first natural right given to every human being. Without life, you cannot have freedom, equality, justice, or any civil right.My criterion is Utilitarianism defined as the doctrine that actions are right if they are useful or provide the greatest benefit to a majority. Saving the most lives is the greatest good for the greatest number of people. John Stuart Mill states "The only purpose for which power can rightfully exercised over any member of a civilized community, against his will, is to prevent harm to others. His own good, either physical or moral is not a sufficient warrant." This means that if a company is doing something that harms a large portion of society, then the government must stop them from doing that.Contention One: Patents are The ProblemA. Medical patents give producers the exclusive rights to produce vaccines. Patent holders maintain high prices for vaccines, in order to recover their investment in research. This has caused Vaccine Inequality, where wealthy nations have a surplus of doses, but developing nations cannot afford vaccines. This will only prolong the pandemic, death, economic depression and wars.Shah, 2021 - president of the Rockefeller Foundation ~Rajiv, "The choice for rich nations: Help vaccinate the developing world, or face a prolonged pandemic" March 19, 2021 https://fortune.com/2021/03/19/rich-countries-covid-vaccine-developing-world-options/~~ B. Patents create a monopoly which prevents companies in developing nations from producing their own generic versions. This monopoly keeps the supply of vaccines limited. Wealthy countries have purchased all the vaccines, and there are not enough left over for developing nationsMazzucato, 2021 – director of the Institute for Innovation and Public Purpose at University College London ~Mariana, with Jayati Ghosh and Els Torreele, "Intellectual property and covid-19" Apr 20th 2021 The Economist https://www.economist.com/by-invitation/2021/04/20/mariana-mazzucato-jayati-ghosh-and-els-torreele-on-waiving-covid-patents~~ Contention Two: A Waiver is The SolutionA. Waiving patents on COVID vaccines would allow other nations to produce their own generic versions, which would be The People's Vaccine. This helps reduce the price of medicine and decentralizes production so that we can achieve vaccine equality.Mazzucato, 2021 – director of the Institute for Innovation and Public Purpose at University College London ~Mariana, with Jayati Ghosh and Els Torreele, "Intellectual property and covid-19" Apr 20th 2021 The Economist https://www.economist.com/by-invitation/2021/04/20/mariana-mazzucato-jayati-ghosh-and-els-torreele-on-waiving-covid-patents~~ B. Even if patents serve an important purpose during normal times, they are an obstacle to public health during a Pandemic. A limited targeted waivers is key to solving for vaccine production during a pandemic.Bowman and Valentine, 2021 – NPR Correspondents ~Emma and Ashish "The Coronavirus Crisis Biden Backs Waiving International Patent Protections For COVID-19 Vaccines" May 5, 2021 https://www.npr.org/sections/coronavirus-live-updates/2021/05/05/993998745/biden-backs-waiving-international-patent-protections-for-covid-19-vaccines~~ Contention Three: Waiving patents won't hurt medical innovation. Three Reasons:1. Even if patents allow for new medicines, these innovations are irrelevant if no one can afford them and they are distributed inequitably. Even if a waiver reduces someone's profits, it is in the best interest for human lives.2. Patents harm innovations by less mainstream companies from developing nations. Patents by developed countries can make data exclusive, which means other companies would have to start from scratch.Penfold, 2015 - Research Fellow , South African Institute of International Affairs ~Erica, August 6, 2015 The Conversation "Explainer: the problem drug patents pose for developing countries" https://theconversation.com/explainer-the-problem-drug-patents-pose-for-developing-countries-45667~~ 3. Most medical research during pandemics is funded by the government. US pharmaceutical companies received the majority of their research funds from Operation Warp Speed. Even if they lose some profits from a patent waiver, that would be replaced by Direct Support from the government | 9/18/21 |
Open Source
| Filename | Date | Uploaded By | Delete |
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1/7/22 | timalderete@yahoocom |
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1/7/22 | timalderete@yahoocom |
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10/19/21 | timalderete@yahoocom |
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11/6/21 | timalderete@yahoocom |
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1/16/22 | timalderete@yahoocom |
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1/16/22 | timalderete@yahoocom |
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