Tournament: Golden Desert | Round: 2 | Opponent: Meadows BR | Judge: Conal Thomas-Mcginnis
1AC: Dual Use
Current Space agreements vague on private entities- need revision
Goguichvilli, et al. 21 “The Global Legal Landscape of Space: Who Writes the Rules on the Final Frontier?” Wilson Center, Wilson Center, 1 Oct. 2021, https://www.wilsoncenter.org/article/global-legal-landscape-space-who-writes-rules-final-frontier.
We no longer need a telescope to see the critical importance of space.
AND
The growing number of non-traditional players warrants a need for additional, if not revised, legal measures to ensure stronger global space governance and the safety and sustainability of space for the future ahead.
The Chinese Government has control over the actions of private entities - uses to further military agenda
Curcio, Blaine 21. “Developments in China's Commercial Space Sector.” NBR, The National Bureau of Asian Research, 26 Aug. 2021, https://www.nbr.org/publication/developments-in-chinas-commercial-space-sector/.
There are two main types of impact: the technological impact and the broader policy impact.
AND
Because of the money and resources that are available, the development of the space industry will change as companies adapt their activities to what the government is emphasizing and to what kind of support they can get from different stakeholders in order to survive.
Tech developed by commercial entities can be used as weapons
Jaramillo 10 Cesar, participated in a Washington, D.C. event entitled “Space Security Index 2009: Status and Future Trends in Space Security, Autumn 2010, “How Secure Was Space in 2009?”, http://www.ploughshares.ca/content/how-secure-was-space-2009
Moreover, a number of developing technologies are dual-use and have the potential to be used as space-based weapons.
AND
China, India, and the EU are developing Earth-reentry capabilities that may provide a basis for the more advanced technologies required for the delivery of mass-to-target weapons from space to Earth.
China has promised to ban space militarization by the government - they use private entities as a disguise
Bowman and Thompson 21 (Bradley Bowman, the senior director of the Center on Military and Political Power at the Foundation for Defense of Democracies) (Jared Thompson, a U.S. Air Force major and visiting military analyst at the Foundation for Defense of Democracies.) “Russia and China Seek to Tie America’s Hands in Space” Foreign Policy 3/31/2021. https://foreignpolicy.com/2021/03/31/russia-china-space-war-treaty-demilitarization-satellites/
Consider the actions of the United States’ two great-power adversaries when it comes to anti-satellite weapons.
AND
The willingness of the Chinese Communist Party to support the PPWT is, therefore, cause for some additional reflection in Washington.
Private Dual use happening now - Gives china military edge
Jianing, Yao 19. “China's Beidou Navigation System Goes Global.” ChinaMil, ChinaMilitary.com, 2019, http://english.chinamil.com.cn/view/2019-01/03/content_9394881.htm.
The navigational satellites also play an important military role.
AND
Mankind has used every weapon it has created.
Space arms race causes power imbalances and other impacts
Gilliard 19 (Alexandra, a Senior Editor and interviewer of international relations experts for the International Affairs Forum. She holds an M.S. in Global Studies and International Relations from Northeastern University, and a B.A. in International Relations from Boston University, with expertise in conflict resolution, arms control, human rights issues, and the MENA region.) “What Are The Consequences Of Militarizing Outer Space?” Global Security Review, 6/10/2019. https://globalsecurityreview.com/consequences-militarization-space/
The consequences of weapons testing and aggression in space could span generations, and current technological advances only increase the urgency for policymakers to pursue a limitations treaty.
AND
space-faring states would be able to capitalize on the power imbalance by using these new developments against states that have not yet broken into the space industry or developed equally-advanced weaponry.
Space arms race causes nuclear war
Krepon 04 (Michael Krepon, president emeritus of the Henry L. Stimson Center, 2004. Arms Control Association, “Weapons in the Heavens: A Radical and Reckless Option,” http://www.armscontrol.org/act/2004_11/Krepon#krepon)
To prevent adversaries from shooting back, the United States would need to know exactly where all threatening space objects are located, to neutralize them without producing debris that can damage U.S. or allied space objects, and to target and defeat all ground-based military activities that could join the fight in space.
AND
Attacks on satellites that provide early warning and other critical military support functions would most likely be viewed either as a surrogate or as a prelude to attacks on nuclear forces.
Nuke war causes extinction AND outweighs other existential risks
PND 16. internally citing Zbigniew Brzezinski, Council of Foreign Relations and former national security adviser to President Carter, Toon and Robock’s 2012 study on nuclear winter in the Bulletin of Atomic Scientists, Gareth Evans’ International Commission on Nuclear Non-proliferation and Disarmament Report, Congressional EMP studies, studies on nuclear winter by Seth Baum of the Global Catastrophic Risk Institute and Martin Hellman of Stanford University, and U.S. and Russian former Defense Secretaries and former heads of nuclear missile forces, brief submitted to the United Nations General Assembly, Open-Ended Working Group on nuclear risks. A/AC.286/NGO/13. 05-03-2016. http://www.reachingcriticalwill.org/images/documents/Disarmament-fora/OEWG/2016/Documents/NGO13.pdf
Consequences human survival 12.
AND
A conflagration involving USA/NATO forces and those of Russian federation would most likely cause the deaths of most/nearly all/all humans (and severely impact/extinguish other species)