1AC - Nietzsche 1NC - Util NC ICJ CP Reps K Combo Shell Case 1AR - all and consult badafc 2NR - Reps K shells 2AR - Aff Reps K
Apple Valley
2
Opponent: Durham SA | Judge: Phoenix Pittman
1AC - India 1NC - Contracts T A Case 1AR - All and Reps K 2NR - T A Reps K 2AR - Case Reps K T A
Apple Valley
6
Opponent: OA Independent VM | Judge: Tajaih Robinson
1AC - Ag Workers 1NC - T A Anarcho Blackness K LogCOn NC Spark 1AR - All 2NR - T A LogCon NC FW SPark 2AR - 2NR order
Apple Valley
Semis
Opponent: Evergreen Valley SS | Judge: Wu, Zhou, Ying
1AC - Afropess 1NC - TFW Logistical Transparency K BizCon DA Case 1AR - All 2NR - Logistical Transparency K NB Pess bad 2AR - Case Logistical Transparency K NB Pess bad
Blue Key
5
Opponent: Durham SA | Judge: Matt Berhe
1AC - India 1NC - T A Kant NC ICJ CP Spark Case 1AR - All and Process bad 2NR - T A Process Bad 2AR - Process Bad T A
Blue Key
3
Opponent: Pine View EL | Judge: Raunak Dua
1AC - Teachers 1NC - Psycho T Case 1AR - All 2NR - T 2AR - T
1AC - biocolonialism 1NC - Politics DA Indigenous PIC Psycho K 1AR - all 2NR - Indigenous PIC 2AR - Politics DA Indigenous PIC
Grapevine
Triples
Opponent: Westwood AG | Judge: Margaret Strong
1AC - Evergreening 1NC - T Reduce Scientists CP Restrictions CP Liquidity DA Innovation DA Subsidies DA 1AR - All 2 Shells 2NR - Shells Scientists 2AR - Condo
Longhorn Classic
2
Opponent: Barbers EG | Judge: Devin Hernandez
1AC - Econ 1NC - Air Strikes PIC Racist Strikes PIC Util NC Case 1AR - All 2NR - Racistl Strikes PIC Case 2AR - All
Longhorn Classic
4
Opponent: American Heritage SS | Judge: Truman Le
1AC - China 1NC - Combo Shell New Affs Bad Anarcho-Blackness K Case 1AR - Truth Testing a prioris Combo Shell New Affs Bad 2NR - Case Truth Testing a prioris 2AR - Indexicals
Longhorn Classic
Octas
Opponent: Greenhill KD | Judge: Tej, Jugal, Sophie
1AC - Germany 1NC - T A Inflation DA Air Strikes CP Case 1AR - All and Condo 2NR - Air Strikes CP 2AR - Case Air Strikes CP
Longhorn Classic
5
Opponent: Immaculate Heart JL | Judge: Nevin Gera
1AC - Brazil 1NC - T A Brazil Politics DA Truckers PIC SRM CP Case 1AR - All and Condo 2NR - T A 2AR - Case T A
Loyola
2
Opponent: Stockdale RP | Judge: Holden Bukowsky
1AC - TRIPs waiver 1NC - Grove Innovation T Case 1AR - Condo Weigh T K spec status theory hedge 2NR - All except grove 2AR - All except grove
Loyola
3
Opponent: Lynbrook SM | Judge: Ishan Rereddy
1AC - Opioids 1NC - Black Buddhism K Combo Shell IPSpec ConCon CP Politics DA 1AR - All 2NR - Combo Shell 2AR - Combo Shell
Loyola
6
Opponent: Peninsula RM | Judge: Tej Gedela
1AC - Vaccine Imperialism 1NC - SA Theory Psycho K Indigenous PIC LogCon NC Case 1AR - All Condo and a prioris bad 2NR - Psycho Condo a prioris bad 2AR - a prioris bad
St Marks
1
Opponent: Harvard Westlake NL | Judge: Annabelle Long
1AC - COVID 1NC - Loans CP Innovation DA Subsidies DA Case WTO Bad 1AR - All 2NR - WTO Bad 2AR - WTO Bad
St Marks
4
Opponent: Marlborough ML | Judge: Ari Davidson
1AC - COVID 1NC - Innovation DA China DA Subsidies DA Loans CP Scientists CP Util NC Case
St Marks
6
Opponent: Lex AK | Judge: Holden Bukowsky
1AC - Kant 1NC - Util Scientists Innovation FIshing subsidies Case 1AR - All and procsescondo bad 2NR - shels Util scientists 2AR - process bad
UH
1
Opponent: Woodlands PA | Judge: Demarcus Powell
1AC - OST 1NC - Co2 Ag Satellites Bad Case 1AR - All 2NR - Satellites Bad Co2 Ag 2AR - OST Sats Bad Co2 Ag
UH
4
Opponent: Newman Smith SJ | Judge: Alexander Yoakum
1AC - Edelman 1NC - T Private Entities T-Extra Global ConCon CP Logistical Transparency K Case 1AR - All 2NR - Global ConCon Case 2AR - Case Global ConCOn
Valley
Doubles
Opponent: Ayala AM | Judge: Jasani, Morbeck, Chen
1AC - Evergreening 1NC - T Reduce Grove K Scientists CP Liquidity DA USICA DA Subsidies DA Csae 1AR - All 2NR - Scientists CP USICA DA 2AR - Case Scientists USICA
Valley
3
Opponent: DTHS HV | Judge: Tajaih Robinson
1AC - Cybernetics 1NC - TFW Paraphrasing Theory Paradox NC v Cybernetics Case 1AR - All 2NR - Paraphrasing Theory Presumption 2AR - Case Paraphrasing Theory
Valley
2
Opponent: American Heritage Broward JA | Judge: Faizaan Dossani
1AC - Deleuze 1NC - Util NC Scientists CP Innovation DA Monism Hijack Case 1AR - All 2NR - Case Util NC Scientists CP 2AR - All
Valley
5
Opponent: BASIS Independent Silicon Valley Independent SK | Judge: Lukas Krause
1AC - Prag Evergreening 1NC - Util NC Scientists CP Infrastructure DA Combo Shell 1AR - All Process CPCombo Shell 2NR - Scientists CP 1AR OFFs 2NR - Case Scientists CP
Yale
1
Opponent: Lexington AR | Judge: Calvin Tyler
1AC - Disability 1NC - FW Case 1AR - All 2NR - All 2AR - All
Yale
5
Opponent: Memorial BD | Judge: Cyprian Dumas
Ev Ethics
Yale
3
Opponent: Dulles TY | Judge: Keshav Dandu
Ev Ethics
To modify or delete round reports, edit the associated round.
Cites
Entry
Date
0 - Contact Info
Tournament: Any | Round: 2 | Opponent: Any | Judge: Any Hey! My name is Justin (He/Him)
St. Marks: Heart of Texas Loyola: Loyola Invitational Grapevine: Grapevine Classic Yale: Yale University Invitational 2021 Valley: Mid America Cup Blue Key: Florida Blue Key Speech and Debate Tournament Apple Valley: Apple Valley MinneApple Debate Tournament
Interp: The affirmative may only garner offense from the hypothetical implementation that the appropriation of outer space by private entities is unjust and may not garner offense external to that.
The appropriation of outer space is permanent control.
TIMOTHY JUSTIN TRAPP, JD Candidate @ UIUC Law, '13, TAKING UP SPACE BY ANY OTHER MEANS: COMING TO TERMS WITH THE NONAPPROPRIATION ARTICLE OF THE OUTER SPACE TREATY UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS LAW REVIEW ~Vol. 2013 No. 4~ The issues presented in relation to the nonappropriation article of the Outer Space Treaty should AND the Bogotá Declaration were trying to accomplish, albeit through different means.219
Violation: ~insert~. At best they're extra topical which is a voter for exploding limits and inflating aff solvency or effects topical which is worse, since any small aff can spill up to the resolution.
Vote neg for competitive equity and clash: changing the topic favors the aff because it destroys the only stasis point and makes prep impossible because any ground is self-serving, concessionary, and from distorted literature bases. Their model allows someone to specialize for 4 years giving them an edge over people who switch every 2 months. Filter this through debate's nature of being a game where both teams want to win, which becomes meaningless without constraints.
Impacts:
1~ Procedural fairness outweighs—a) intrinsicness—debate is a game and equity is necessary to sustain the activity b) probability—debate can't alter subjectivity, but it can rectify skews c) metaconstraint—all your arguments concede fairness since you assume they will be evaluated fairly d) application—your model only indicts how fairness has been applied not that it's intrinsically bad—their model would justify exclusion.
2~ Switch Side Debate—they can read it as a K against affirmatives—forces debaters to consider issues from multiple perspectives. Non-topical affs allow individuals to establish their own metrics for what they want to debate leading to dogmatism.
3~ TVA – defend an affirmative that defends the topic – their whole aff is about how private entities exploration of space is bad\
1/8/22
1 - Th - TFW v6
Tournament: UH | Round: 4 | Opponent: Newman Smith SJ | Judge: Alexander Yoakum
T
Interp: The affirmative may only garner offense from the hypothetical implementation that the appropriation of outer space by private entities is unjust and may not garner offense external to that.
Violation: cross was explicit that they garner offense external to the resolution.
Vote neg for competitive equity and clash: offense external to the topic favors the aff because it destroys the only stasis point and makes prep impossible because any ground is self-serving, concessionary, and from distorted literature bases. Their model allows someone to specialize for 4 years giving them an edge over people who switch every 2 months.
Impacts:
1~ Procedural fairness outweighs—a) intrinsicness—debate is a game and equity is necessary to sustain the activity b) probability—debate can't alter subjectivity, but it can rectify skews c) metaconstraint—all your arguments concede fairness since you assume they will be evaluated fairly
2~ Switch Side Debate—they can read it as a K against affirmatives—forces debaters to consider issues from multiple perspectives. Non-topical affs allow individuals to establish their own metrics for what they want to debate leading to dogmatism.
3~ TVA – defend an affirmative that defends the topic – their whole aff is about how private entities exploration of space is bad
1/19/22
2 - FW - Monism Hijack vs Deleuze
Tournament: Valley | Round: 2 | Opponent: American Heritage Broward JA | Judge: Faizaan Dossani Cites broken
1~ It's sustainable – data proves we're entering the golden age
Hausfather 21 – a climate scientist and energy systems analyst whose research focuses on observational temperature records, climate models, and mitigation technologies. He spent 10 years working as a data scientist and entrepreneur in the cleantech sector, where he was the lead data scientist at Essess, the chief scientist at C3.ai, and the cofounder and chief scientist of Efficiency 2.0. He also worked as a research scientist with Berkeley Earth, was the senior climate analyst at Project Drawdown, and the US analyst for Carbon Brief. He has masters degrees in environmental science from Yale University and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam and a PhD in climate science from the University of California, Berkeley. (Zeke, "Absolute Decoupling of Economic Growth and Emissions in 32 Countries," Breakthrough Institute, 4-6-2021, https://thebreakthrough.org/issues/energy/absolute-decoupling-of-economic-growth-and-emissions-in-32-countries, Accessed 4-11-2021, LASA-SC) The past 30 years have seen immense progress in improving the quality of life for AND , transportation, buildings) than in others (industrial processes, agriculture).
2~ People use low-cost fuels instead of renewables.
George MONBIOT 9. Fellowship and Professorships, Oxford. "Is There Any Point in Fighting to Stave Off Industrial Apocalypse." Guardian. August 17. http://www.guardian.co.uk/commentisfree/cif-green/2009/aug/17/environment-climate-change. The problem we face is not that we have too little fossil fuel but too AND over. This is hardly conducive to the rational use of natural assets.
3~ Capitalism solves war – its anti-imperialist.
Mousseau 19, Michael. "The end of war: How a robust marketplace and liberal hegemony are leading to perpetual world peace." International Security 44.1 (2019): 160-196. Props to DML for finding. (Professor in the School of Politics, Security, and International Affairs at the University of Central Florida)Elmer Is war becoming obsolete? There is wide agreement among scholars that war has been AND member (currently the United States) to preserve and protect the global order
4~ Tech dematerialization secures sustainability.
McAfee 19, *Andrew Paul McAfee, a principal research scientist at MIT, is cofounder and codirector of the MIT Initiative on the Digital Economy at the MIT Sloan School of Management; (2019, "More from Less: The Surprising Story of How We Learned to Prosper Using Fewer Resources and What Happens Next", https://b-ok.cc/book/5327561/8acdbe) There is no shortage of examples of dematerialization. I chose the ones in this AND , which are the first of the two pairs of forces causing dematerialization.
Tournament: Apple Valley | Round: Semis | Opponent: Evergreen Valley SS | Judge: Wu, Zhou, Ying cites broken
11/8/21
3 - K - Logistical Transparency v2
Tournament: UH | Round: 4 | Opponent: Newman Smith SJ | Judge: Alexander Yoakum
K
The 1AC is a misdiagnosis of the university – their techniques are enfolded within logistical transparency in which the worlds visibility and mappability is taken as ontological presumption to be achieved by techniques of resistance. The aff's praxis of resistance is articulated through a grammar of concrete planning utilized by state governance and the neoliberal university that reproduces logistics as the terrain of the political – only a refusal of the aesthetics of planning, logistics, and transparency can facilitate fugitivity
Moten and Harney 9 – Fred Moten, professor of Performance Studies at New York University and has taught previously at University of California, Riverside, Duke University, Brown University, and the University of Iowa, and Stefano Harney, Professor of Strategic Management Education at Singapore Management University, 2009 ("Policy and Planning" Social Text 100 • Vol. 27, No. 3 • Fall 2009 Pages 182-186) Policy is correction. Policy distinguishes itself from planning by distinguishing those who dwell in AND policy can't read it, but it's intelligible if you got a plan.
Their investment into the university is a tool of speed-elitism. The move for more transparent discussions about revolutionary praxis mystifies the reliance on the highly exclusive and unethical technologies of the university. By figuring those technics as the metrics for liberatory strategization, that expands debate's state of exploitation.
Hoofd 10 – Ingrid M. Hoofd is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Communications and New Media at the National University of Singapore, ("The Accelerated University: Activist-Academic Alliances and the Simulation of Thought." Ephemera: Theory and politics in organisation, Vol. 10, No.1 (September 2010), http://www.ephemerajournal.org/contribution/accelerated-university-activist-academic-alliances-and-simulation-thought) KB + TR Recut Justin Cries announcing the demise of the university abound, in particular in Europe and North AND the emergence of authority as well as (academic and activist) empowerment.
====The conditioning of debate as a sight for liberal discussions about our orientations towards revolution merely engenders a semiotic fantasy of radicalism that paves over very real conditions of pain and death that make this space possible. Its try or die for a semiotic insurrection.==== Occupied UC Berkeley 09 – Occupied University of California, Berkeley, 11/18/09 ("Civic Life, Social Death, and the UC," The Necrosocial, Anti-Capitalist Projects, https://anticapitalprojects.wordpress.com/2009/11/19/the-necrosocial/) Justin Yes, very much a cemetery. Only here there are no dirges, no AND over as many of these dead buildings. We will find one another.
The alternative is
Voting neg is a withdrawal from the instrumental game of call-and-response into an aesthetic under-commons of redaction, opacity, and fugitive resonance. The refusal of demands for transparent or professionalized alternative frustrates the professional logistics of academia. Redaction is an aesthetic embodiment of indecision, a critical strategy of resistance that cannot be captured on a wiretap because it's always on the tip of the tongue.
Moten and Harney 13 – Fred Moten, professor of Performance Studies at New York University and has taught previously at University of California, Riverside, Duke University, Brown University, and the University of Iowa, and Stefano Harney, Professor of Strategic Management Education at Singapore Management University, 2013 (Undercommons: Fugitive Planning and Black Study, pgs. 28-32) In that undercommons of the university one can see that it is not a matter AND coming for those who refuse to write off or write up the undercommons.
1/19/22
3 - K - Nietzsche
Tournament: Apple Valley | Round: 4 | Opponent: Mission San Jose SR | Judge: Derek Ying cites broken
11/6/21
3 - K - Non-Black Pess
Tournament: Apple Valley | Round: Semis | Opponent: Evergreen Valley SS | Judge: Wu, Zhou, Ying cites broken
States ought to call a global constitutional convention and establish a constitution reflecting intergenerational concern with exclusive authority to ban appropriation of outer space by private entities and bind participating bodies to its result
That solves the aff – it addresses shared anxieties while building political consensus
Gardiner 14 1 ~Stephen M. Gardiner, Professor of Philosophy and Ben Rabinowitz Endowed Professor of Human Dimensions of the Environment at the University of Washington, Seattle, "A Call for a Global Constitutional Convention Focused on Future Generations," 2014, Ethics and International Affairs, Vol. 28, Issue 3, pp. 299-315, https://doi.org/10.1017/S0892679414000379, EA~ A Constitutional Convention In my view, the above line of reasoning leads naturally AND do better, would be a central issue for discussion by the convention.
It spills over to foster broader intergenerational representation, but independence is key
Gardiner 14 2 ~Stephen M. Gardiner, Professor of Philosophy and Ben Rabinowitz Endowed Professor of Human Dimensions of the Environment at the University of Washington, Seattle, "A Call for a Global Constitutional Convention Focused on Future Generations," 2014, Ethics and International Affairs, Vol. 28, Issue 3, pp. 299-315, https://doi.org/10.1017/S0892679414000379, EA~ One set of guidelines concerns how the global constitutional convention relates to other institutions. The first guideline concerns relative independence: (1) Autonomy: Any global constitutional convention should have considerable autonomy from other institutions, and especially from those dominated by factors that generate or facilitate the tyranny of the contemporary (and the perfect moral storm, more generally). Thus, for example, attempts should be made to insulate the global constitutional convention AND waste) but also the need to identify similar threats before they arise.
Proactive measures mitigate a laundry list of emerging catastrophic risks – extinction
Beckstead et al. 14 ~Nick Beckstead, Nick Bostrom, Niel Bowerman, Owen Cotton-Barratt, William MacAskill, Seán Ó hÉigeartaigh, Toby Ord, * Future of Humanity Institute, University of Oxford, Director, Future of Humanity Institute, University of Oxford, * Global Priorities Project, Centre for Effective Altruism; Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Global Priorities Project, Centre for Effective Altruism; Future of Humanity Institute, University of Oxford, * Uehiro Centre for Practical Ethics, University of Oxford, Cambridge Centre for the Study of Existential Risk; Future of Humanity Institute, University of Oxford, * Programme on the Impacts of Future Technology, Oxford Martin School, University of Oxford, "Policy Brief: Unprecedented Technological Risks," 2014, The Global Priorities Project, The Future of Humanity Institute, The Oxford Martin Programme on the Impacts of Future Technology, and The Centre for the Study of Existential Risk, https://www.fhi.ox.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/Unprecedented-Technological-Risks.pdf, Accessed: 03/13/21, EA~ In the near future, major technological developments will give rise to new unprecedented risks AND in the near future, even if no such breakthroughs currently appear imminent.
Maintaining sustainable use of outer space is key to future generations
Islam 18 ~Mohammad Saiful Islam, Mohammad works for the Institute of Advanced Judicial Studies and the Beijing Institute of Technology. 4-27-2018, "The Sustainable Use of Outer Space: Complications and Legal Challenges to the Peaceful Uses and Benefit of Humankind," Beijing Law Review, https://www.scirp.org/journal/paperinformation.aspx?paperid=85201 accessed 12/12/21~ Adam 4.2. Ensure the Rights of Future Generations in Outer Space Sustainable AND over-exploitation of resources and environmental havoc (Fountain, 2002) .
1/8/22
JanFeb - CP - Global Constitutional Convention
Tournament: UH | Round: 4 | Opponent: Newman Smith SJ | Judge: Alexander Yoakum
CP
CP Text: States ought to call a global constitutional convention and establish a constitution reflecting intergenerational concern with exclusive authority to end private appropriation of outer space by ruling that it violates the non-appropriations clause of the OST and bind participating bodies to its result.
The CP applies intergenerational equity to future generations – that's better than trying to decide now whether the plan is beneficial across deep time – every country would say yes.
Tan 2k ~David Tan, LL.M., Harvard Law School; LL.B. (Hons), B.Com., University of Melbourne. Former Tutor in Law, Trinity College, University of Melbourne, "Towards a New Regime for the Protection of Outer Space as the "Province of All Mankind"," 2000, The Yale Journal of International Law, Vol. 25, https://digitalcommons.law.yale.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1114andcontext=yjil~~ Edith Brown Weiss has advanced the theory of "intergenerational equity," which provides for AND to achieve an acceptable balance between pollution control and freedom of space exploration.
That solves the aff – it addresses shared anxieties while building political consensus.
Gardiner 14 1 ~Stephen M. Gardiner, Professor of Philosophy and Ben Rabinowitz Endowed Professor of Human Dimensions of the Environment at the University of Washington, Seattle, "A Call for a Global Constitutional Convention Focused on Future Generations," 2014, Ethics and International Affairs, Vol. 28, Issue 3, pp. 299-315, https://doi.org/10.1017/S0892679414000379, EA~ A Constitutional Convention In my view, the above line of reasoning leads naturally AND do better, would be a central issue for discussion by the convention.
It spills over to foster broader intergenerational representation, but independence is key
Gardiner 14 2 ~Stephen M. Gardiner, Professor of Philosophy and Ben Rabinowitz Endowed Professor of Human Dimensions of the Environment at the University of Washington, Seattle, "A Call for a Global Constitutional Convention Focused on Future Generations," 2014, Ethics and International Affairs, Vol. 28, Issue 3, pp. 299-315, https://doi.org/10.1017/S0892679414000379, EA~ One set of guidelines concerns how the global constitutional convention relates to other institutions. The first guideline concerns relative independence: (1) Autonomy: Any global constitutional convention should have considerable autonomy from other institutions, and especially from those dominated by factors that generate or facilitate the tyranny of the contemporary (and the perfect moral storm, more generally). Thus, for example, attempts should be made to insulate the global constitutional convention AND waste) but also the need to identify similar threats before they arise.
Discounting future generations causes extinction – only formalizing a mechanism to weight their concerns solves
Jones et al 18 ~Natalie Jones, Mark O'Brien, and Thomas Ryan, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom. Representation of future generations in United Kingdom policy-making. Futures Volume 102, September 2018, Pages 153-163. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0016328717301179~~#sec0005~~ Global catastrophic and existential risks pose central challenges for intergenerational justice and the structure of AND context. This policy paper hopes to fill this gap in the literature.
MacAskill 14 ~William, Oxford Philosopher and youngest tenured philosopher in the world, Normative Uncertainty, 2014~ The human race might go extinct from a number of causes: asteroids, supervolcanoes AND with the benefit of keeping one's options open while one gains new information.
Anything else ontologically destroys the subject.
Paterson 1 – Department of Philosophy, Providence College, Rhode Island. (Craig, "A Life Not Worth Living?", Studies in Christian Ethics, http://sce.sagepub.com) Contrary to those accounts, I would argue that it is death per se that AND the person, the very source and condition of all human possibility.82
It's the only static category – even if life is bad now.
Tännsjö 11 (Torbjörn, the Kristian Claëson Professor of Practical Philosophy at Stockholm University, "Shalt Thou Sometimes Murder? On the Ethics of Killing," http://people.su.se/~~jolso/HS-texter/shaltthou.pdf)BS 1-27-2018 Bracketed to avoid triggers I suppose it is correct to say that, AND suffering (in their lives) than I avoid (in my life).
1/19/22
JanFeb - Impact Turn - Satellites Bad
Tournament: Churchill | Round: 3 | Opponent: Basis Shavano ZR | Judge: Patrick Fox cites broken
Loss of satellites will shut down terrestrial mining
Les Johnson 13, Deputy Manager for NASA's Advanced Concepts Office at the Marshall Space Flight Center, Co-Investigator for the JAXA T-Rex Space Tether Experiment and PI of NASA's ProSEDS Experiment, Master's Degree in Physics from Vanderbilt University, Popular Science Writer, and NASA Technologist, Frequent Contributor to the Journal of the British Interplanetary Society and Member of the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, National Space Society, the World Future Society, and MENSA, Sky Alert!: When Satellites Fail, p. 105 Resource Location Looking for rare minerals to be mined for our many gadgets, AND of much slower and labor-intensive field surveys (but without GPS!).
Antarctic mining causes nuclear war.
David W. Floren 1, J.D. from the University of Oregon, "Antarctic Mining Regimes: An Appreciation of the Attainable", Journal of Environmental Law and Litigation, Fall, Volume 16, Number 2, 467-513 Concern for the quality of the environment provides a great reason for a mining moratorium AND , despite AT obligations n228 and other international accords discouraging their use. n229
1NC – Drones
Loss of satellites shuts down drones
Daniel Ventre 11, Engineer for CNRS and Researcher for CESDIP, Cyberwar and Information Warfare, p. 198-199 The introduction of cyberspace operations is part of a specific context; a major evolution AND human activity in this space, of sovereignty, new territoriality and independence.
Drones escalate every hotspot.
Zenko and Kreps 14 Micah - Douglas Dillon fellow in the Center for Preventive Action at the Council on Foreign Relations, PhD in political science from Brandeis University; *Sarah - Stanton nuclear security fellow at the Council on Foreign Relations, assistant professor in the department of government and an adjunct professor at Cornell Law School, BA from Harvard University, MSc from Oxford University, and PhD from Georgetown University; "Limiting Armed Drone Proliferation," Council on Foreign Relations, June 2014, http://aspheramedia.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/Limiting_Armed_Drone_Proliferation_CSR69.pdf The inherent advantages of drones will not alone make traditional interstate warfare more likely— AND S. allies interested in procuring drones from U.S. manufacturers.
1NC – 5G
5G is coming online globally via satellites—-extinction.
Satellites are crucial for large, industrial megafarms
Les Johnson 13, Deputy Manager for NASA's Advanced Concepts Office at the Marshall Space Flight Center, Co-Investigator for the JAXA T-Rex Space Tether Experiment and PI of NASA's ProSEDS Experiment, Master's Degree in Physics from Vanderbilt University, Popular Science Writer, and NASA Technologist, Frequent Contributor to the Journal of the British Interplanetary Sodety and Member of the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, National Space Society, the World Future Society, and MENSA, Sky Alert!: When Satellites Fail, p. 106 Agriculture To feed the Earth's growing population affordably, farming has gone from a AND to take corrective action while there is still time to save the crop.
Extinction.
Alice Friedemann 17, Systems Architect and Engineer For Over 25 Years, Science, Energy, and Agriculture Writer, Investigative Journalist and Energy Expert, Founder of Energy Skeptic, Author of When Trucks Stop Running: Energy and the Future of Transportation, "Chemical Industrial Agriculture is Unsustainable. Here's Why", Resilience, 5-27, http://www.resilience.org/stories/2017-03-27/chemical-industrial-farming-unsustainable-heres/ We hear a lot about how we're running out of antibiotics. But we are AND at some point. Wouldn't it be easier to start the transition now?
1NC – Latin America
Satellite data ratchets up drug eradication efforts
Kieron Monks 14, Writer for CNN, The Guardian, and Prospect Magazine, BA from the University of Nottingham, "Spy Satellites Fighting Crime From Space", CNN, 8/12/2014, https://www.cnn.com/2014/08/11/tech/innovation/spy-satellites-fighting-crime-from-space/index.html The Alayed case is one of several pilot schemes the company is running with police AND other cases we found people resumed criminal activity immediately after they were prosecuted."
That backfires, destabilizing Latin America
Barney Lerten 19, Reporter for KTVZ News, "Computer Model: Big Cocaine Busts Backfire Big-Time", KTVZ News 21, 4/3/2019, https://www.ktvz.com/news/osu-computer-model-big-cocaine-busts-backfire-big-time/1065357402 Efforts to curtail the flow of cocaine into the United States from South America have AND and rapid environmental destruction, which has been the focus of my work."
Nuclear war
Dr. Andrew F. Krepinevich 14, Jr., President of the Center for Strategic and Budgetary Assessments, M.P.A. and Ph.D. from Harvard University, and Eric Lindsey, Analyst at the Center for Strategic and Budgetary Assessments, M.A. in Strategic Studies and International Economics from the Johns Hopkins School of Advanced International Studies (SAIS), "Hemispheric Defense in the 21st Century", 1/9/2014, https://csbaonline.org/research/publications/hemispheric-defense-in-the-21st-century As the previous chapter demonstrates, for the past two hundred years the principal cause AND Russia may be interested in cultivating and supporting Latin American proxies as well.
Private sector is key to mining and overcomes all extinction scenarios.
Pelton 17—Director Emeritus of the Space and Advanced Communications Research Institute at George Washington University, PHD in IR from Georgetown.. Pelton, Joseph N. 2017. The New Gold Rush: The Riches of Space Beckon! Springer. Accessed 8/30/19. Are We Humans Doomed to Extinction? What will we do when Earth's resources are AND global space agreements, are part of this new pathway to the future.
Water wars escalate.
Klare 20 — Five College professor emeritus of peace and world security studies, and director of the Five College Program in Peace and World Security Studies (PAWSS), holds a B.A. and M.A. from Columbia University and a Ph.D. from the Graduate School of the Union Institute. (Michael; Published: 2020; "Climate Change, Water Scarcity, and the Potential for Interstate Conflict in South Asia"; Journal of Strategic Security 13, No. 4, Pages 109-122; https://doi.org/10.5038/1944-0472.13.4.1826 Available at: https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/jss/vol13/iss4/8)//CYang Interstate conflict over water might occur, the ICA indicated, when several states rely AND global agriculture—an outcome with enormous implications for American national security.30
So do resource wars.
Klare 13 – Michael T., professor emeritus of peace and world-security studies at Hampshire College and senior visiting fellow at the Arms Control Association in Washington, DC, " How Resource Scarcity and Climate Change Could Produce a Global Explosion", The Nation, 4/22/2013, https://www.thenation.com/article/how-resource-scarcity-and-climate-change-could-produce-global-explosion/ JHW Resource Shortages and Resource Wars Start with one simple given: the prospect of future AND conflict. We are now heading directly into a resource-shock world.
Exploration key to prevent terrestrial mining and solve warming.
MacWhorter 16 ~Kevin; J.D. Candidate, William and Mary Law School, "Sustainable Mining: Incentivizing Asteroid Mining in the Name of Environmentalism", William and Mary Environmental Law and Policy Review, Vol 40, Issue 2, Article 11, https://scholarship.law.wm.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?referer=https://www.google.com/andhttpsredir=1andarticle=1653andcontext=wmelpr~~ brett In the next sixty years, scientists predict that certain elements crucial to modern industry AND of mining need not be sacrificed for the sake of the environment.38
Extinction—contrary models are incorrect.
Specktor 19 ~Brandon; 6/4/19; Writes about the science of everyday life for Live Science, and previously for Reader's Digest magazine, where he served as an editor for five years; "Human Civilization Will Crumble by 2050 If We Don't Stop Climate Change Now, New Paper Claims," livescience, https://www.livescience.com/65633-climate-change-dooms-humans-by-2050.html~~ Justin The current climate crisis, they say, is larger and more complex than any AND and perhaps "the end of human global civilization as we know it."
No Extinction from Warming – new studies prove over-hype and tech solves.
Extinction Tipping Point is implausible – we're on track for 3 degrees, not 4-5 degrees Tech and Energy Modernization Solve – Renewable Energy is replacing Fossil Fuels which reduces Climate Mortality by a rate of 5. Nordhaus 20 Ted Nordhaus 1-23-2020 "Ignore the Fake Climate Debate AND fossil fuels. Even nuclear energy has made a modest comeback in Asia.
Aff studies about CO2 impact are exaggerated
peer-reviewed journal shows IPCC exaggeration history proves resilience no extinction- warming under Paris goals rock breaking strategy could offset warming
AND least some of the effects of CO2 emissions and reducing future temperature increases.
Variations natural and CO2 effects are overstated.
10,000 years prove natural range of warming No Co2 effect on Warming – No Net Warming despite 8 Percent increase of Co2 Solar Radiation has net greater effect – close correlation over past 150 years Carter AND C increase in temperature (of whatever cause) would be globally harmful.
CO2 is key to agriculture – stops extinction
Ferrera 14 Peter Ferrera 2-24-2014 "The Period Of No Global Warming Will Soon Be Longer Than the Period of Actual Global Warming" http://www.forbes.com/sites/peterferrara/2014/02/24/the-period-of-no-global-warming-will-soon-be-longer-than-the-period-of-actual-global-warming/~~#42cc9ebf8bf0 (J.D. Harvard Law, contributor to Forbes on climate and public policy, Director of Entitlement and Budget Policy for the Heartland Institute, Senior Advisor for Entitlement Reform and Budget Policy at the National Tax Limitation Foundation, General Counsel for the American Civil Rights Union, and Senior Fellow at the National Center for Policy Analysis, served in the White House Office of Policy Development under President Reagan, and as Associate Deputy Attorney General of the United States under President George H.W. Bush)Elmer In addition, CO2 is actually essential to all life on the planet. Plants AND the atmosphere 'greens' the planet and helps feed the growing human population."
Best studies prove
Ballonoff 14, Paul. "A fresh look at climate change." Cato J. 34 (2014): 113. (consultant, international energy development)Elmer While in fact heating has not occurred as the IPCC forecasted, greatly increased global AND 2012). This result is also the opposite of what the IPCC expected.
Extinction.
Cribb 19 ~Julian; Author, journalist, editor and science communicator. He is principal of Julian Cribb and Associates who provide specialist consultancy in the communication of science, agriculture, food, mining, energy and the environment. His career includes appointments as newspaper editor, scientific editor for director of national awareness for Australia's science agency CSIRO, member of numerous scientific boards and advisory panels, and president of national professional bodies for agricultural journalism and science communication. His published work includes over 8000 articles, 3000 media releases and eight books. He has received 32 awards for journalism. His internationally-acclaimed book, The Coming Famine explores the question of whether we can feed humanity through the mid-century peak in numbers and food demand; "6 - Food as an Existential Risk," Cambridge; August 2019; https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/food-or-war/food-as-an-existential-risk/8C45279588CD572FE805B7E240DE7368~~ Recut Justin Extinction and Ecological Collapse More than half of the large animals that once inhabited the AND influenza by both aiding the virus and suppressing the patient's immune response.31
1/19/22
JanFeb - T - Private Entities
Tournament: UH | Round: 4 | Opponent: Newman Smith SJ | Judge: Alexander Yoakum
T
Interpretation: debaters must only defend that the appropriation of outer space by private entities is unjust. To clarify, they must only defend private entities.
Private entities excludes governments and nations.
Upcounsel ~UpCounsel is an interactive online service that makes it faster and easier for businesses to find and hire legal help solely based on their preferences. "Private Entity: Everything You Need to Know." https://www.upcounsel.com/private-entity~~ Justin A private entity can be a partnership, corporation, individual, nonprofit organization, company, or any other organized group that is not government-affiliated. Indian tribes and foreign public entities are not considered private entities.
Private entities are non-governmental.
Dunk 11 – Frans G. von der Dunk, 2011, ~"The Origins of Authorisation: Article VI of the Outer Space Treaty and International Space Law," University of Nebraska~ Justin 4. Interpreting Article VI of the Outer Space Treaty One main novel feature of AND . Partly, this was the consequence of key principles being left undefined.
Violation – they don't defend private entities – at best they also defend public entities.
Gorove 1969 ~Stephen Gorove, jurist and Professor Emeritus at University of Mississippi, "Interpreting Article II of the Outer Space Treaty", 37 Fordham L. Rev. 349, 1969, https://ir.lawnet.fordham.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1966andcontext=flr~~neth Recut Justin I. SUBJECT MATTER OF APPROPRIATION With respect to the problem of subject matter, AND man's exploration of the cosmos is to be guarded by law and order.
Plan text in a vacuum is a useless guideline since words are contextually defined based on function – the only basis should be if the implementation of the plan as per their 1AC solvency evidence follows the topic's intent – anything else allows the 1AR to recontextualize what they defend forcing the 1NC to predict infinite spin since they're not tied to their evidence.
Standards
1~ Precision—they justify doing away with random words because the aff is no longer bounded by the resolution which decks predictability. Independent voter for jurisdiction—the judge can't vote aff if there wasn't a legitimate aff.
2~ Limits—tangentially related affs are unpredictable and infinite because there's no stasis to the resolution—exacerbated by 195 governments and permutations.
Two impacts:
A~ Kills neg prep and ground because they can spike out of links by defending governments and create infinite prep burdens of unpredictable affs—exacerbated by infinite preround prep.
B~ They inflate aff solvency by allowing a laundry list of external actions that private entities can't do like government mission, NASA operations, testing ASATs, and more because private entities are qualitatively different. That impossible to negate because generics are beaten by overpowered affs.
3~ TVA – defend only private entities – solves your offense.
Drop the debater to deter future abuse.
CI- A~ Reasonability is arbitrary since we don't know your BS meter until the 1AR which invites judge intervention B~ Collapses since it uses an offense/defense paradigm to win it
No RVIs/Impact turns- A~ Illogical- you don't win for being fair B~ Baiting- encourages baiting theory which proliferates abuse C~ Chilling effect- chills checking abuse for fear of the RVI D~ Exclusions inevitable- neg has burden of rejoinder which means we inevitably have to exclude parts of the aff.