Strake Jesuit Wen Aff
| Tournament | Round | Opponent | Judge | Cites | Round Report | Open Source | Edit/Delete |
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| Any | 1 | Any | Any |
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| Any tournament | 1 | Any | Any |
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| Apple Valley | 1 | Edina NK | Eric Melin |
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| Apple Valley | 3 | Monta Vista KR | Patrick Fox |
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| Apple Valley | 5 | Walt Whitman EY | Lukas Krause |
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| Apple Valley | Doubles | Bergen County Academies AK | Kuffour, Stanley, Khattak |
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| Apple Valley | Octas | Mission San Jose SS | Chen, Evans, Kondapi |
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| Apple Valley | Finals | Prospect ST | Bathily, Zhou, Wu |
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| Blue Key | 2 | Southlake Carroll SD | Samantha McLoughlin |
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| Blue Key | 4 | Prospect ST | Curtis Chang |
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| Blue Key | 6 | Scarsdale BS | Keshav Dandu |
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| Blue Key | Doubles | Monta Vista RD | Morris, Berhe, DeConcini |
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| Churchill | 1 | Westwood AR | Breigh Plat |
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| Churchill | 6 | Basis Shavano KS | Holden Bukowsky |
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| Churchill | 4 | Basis Shavano AK | Angela Zhong |
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| Churchill | Octas | McNeil AG | Patrick Fox, River Cook, Truman Le |
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| Emory | 2 | Millburn ST | Phoenix Pittman |
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| Emory | 4 | Immaculate Heart JL | Tyler Wood |
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| Emory | 6 | North Allegheny RR | Gerard Grisby |
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| Emory | Doubles | Orange Lutheran AZ | Jacob Palmer, Chris Theis, David Dosch |
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| Emory | Semis | Lex BF | Samantha McLoughlin, Sam Larson, Phoenix Pittman |
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| Grapevine | 2 | Loveless Academic Magnet Program RR | Andrew Shaw |
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| Grapevine | 4 | St Agnes EH | Margaret Strong |
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| Grapevine | 5 | Interlake DB | Sam Larson |
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| Grapevine | Quarters | Garland LY | Larson, Paramo, Timmons |
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| Kandi King Round Robin | 1 | Harker AR | Phoenix Pittman, Jonathan Jeong |
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| Kandi King Round Robin | 4 | Harrison JP | Matt Moorhead, Tim Lewis |
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| Kandi King Round Robin | 5 | Southlake Carroll PK | Abbey Chapman, Tyler Gamble |
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| Kandi King Round Robin | Semis | Sage MP | Truman Le, Tyler Gamble, Abbey Chapman |
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| Longhorn Classic | 1 | Village RC | Austin Broussard |
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| Longhorn Classic | 3 | Immaculate Heart BC | ERIC SCHWERDTFEGER |
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| Longhorn Classic | 6 | Sage MP | Jack Quisenberry |
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| Longhorn Classic | Doubles | Plano East NGo | Zara Inam, Brett Cryan, Nandak Dhurjati |
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| Loyola | 1 | Westwood AD | Scott Brown |
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| Loyola | 4 | Scripps Ranch AS | Abhinav Sinha |
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| Loyola | 5 | Memorial DX | Asher Towner |
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| Loyola | Doubles | Memorial BD | Gordon, Asher, Connor |
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| Loyola | Octas | San Mateo YR | Tej, Gordon, Connor |
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| NDCA | 2 | Westridge TW | Alexis Antonakakis |
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| NDCA | 3 | Sage MP | Kristen Arnold |
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| NDCA | 6 | Notre Dame AG | Ishan Rereddy |
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| NDCA | Octas | Immaculate Heart JL | David Kilpatrick, Joseph Barquin, Julian Kuffour |
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| Palm Classic | 1 | Stockdale GS | Derek Hilligoss |
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| Palm Classic | 4 | Notre Dame AG | Jonathan Jeong |
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| Palm Classic | 6 | Immaculate Heart JL | Shahina Chatur |
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| Palm Classic | Octas | Harker DS | Annabelle Long, Truman Le, Sruthi Ilangovan |
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| St Marks | 2 | Marlborough HL | Ishan Rereddy |
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| St Marks | 3 | Harvard Westlake JH | Yardley Rosas |
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| St Marks | 5 | Denton Guyer SB | Leo Matthes |
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| TFA State | 1 | Clements CY | Alexander Yoakum |
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| TFA State | 4 | Dulles TY | Phoenix Pittman |
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| TFA State | 5 | Claudia Taylor AP | Holden Bukowsky |
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| TOC | 1 | BASIS Silicon SK | Holden Bukowsky |
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| TOC | 3 | Edgemont AA | Ari Davidson |
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| UH | 2 | Clear Springs WM | Isaiah Salgado |
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| UH | 3 | Woodlands AH | Phoenix Pittman |
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| UH | 5 | Sidwell SW | Reed Weiler |
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| Valley | 1 | Loyola SG | Ki Radcliffe |
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| Valley | 4 | Sage MP | Chris Theis |
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| Yale | 2 | Valley MM | Stephen Scopa |
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| Yale | 4 | Olympia BO | Matthew Slencsak |
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| Yale | 6 | Scripps Ranch AS | Favian Sun |
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| Yale | Octas | Village RB | Rivera, Colicchio, Chen |
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| Yale | Semis | Mission San Jose SR | Scopa, Morris, Lakshman |
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| Yale | Finals | Dulles TY | Robinson, Scopa, Colicchio |
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| Yale | Quarters | Harrison MB | Natchukuri, Jiang, Maher |
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| Tournament | Round | Report |
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| Any | 1 | Opponent: Any | Judge: Any Contact Info |
| Any tournament | 1 | Opponent: Any | Judge: Any Running 1AR Interps |
| Apple Valley | 1 | Opponent: Edina NK | Judge: Eric Melin 1AC - Courts |
| Apple Valley | 3 | Opponent: Monta Vista KR | Judge: Patrick Fox 1AC - Pettit |
| Apple Valley | 5 | Opponent: Walt Whitman EY | Judge: Lukas Krause 1AC - Courts |
| Apple Valley | Doubles | Opponent: Bergen County Academies AK | Judge: Kuffour, Stanley, Khattak 1AC - Courts |
| Apple Valley | Octas | Opponent: Mission San Jose SS | Judge: Chen, Evans, Kondapi 1AC - Courts |
| Apple Valley | Finals | Opponent: Prospect ST | Judge: Bathily, Zhou, Wu 1AC - Courts |
| Blue Key | 2 | Opponent: Southlake Carroll SD | Judge: Samantha McLoughlin 1AC - Pettit |
| Blue Key | 4 | Opponent: Prospect ST | Judge: Curtis Chang 1AC - Courts |
| Blue Key | 6 | Opponent: Scarsdale BS | Judge: Keshav Dandu 1AC - Teachers |
| Blue Key | Doubles | Opponent: Monta Vista RD | Judge: Morris, Berhe, DeConcini 1AC - Courts |
| Churchill | 1 | Opponent: Westwood AR | Judge: Breigh Plat 1AC - Debris |
| Churchill | 6 | Opponent: Basis Shavano KS | Judge: Holden Bukowsky 1AC - Debris |
| Churchill | 4 | Opponent: Basis Shavano AK | Judge: Angela Zhong 1AC - Debris |
| Churchill | Octas | Opponent: McNeil AG | Judge: Patrick Fox, River Cook, Truman Le 1AC - Debris |
| Emory | 2 | Opponent: Millburn ST | Judge: Phoenix Pittman 1AC - Debris |
| Emory | 4 | Opponent: Immaculate Heart JL | Judge: Tyler Wood 1AC - Debris |
| Emory | 6 | Opponent: North Allegheny RR | Judge: Gerard Grisby 1AC - Debris |
| Emory | Doubles | Opponent: Orange Lutheran AZ | Judge: Jacob Palmer, Chris Theis, David Dosch 1AC - Debris |
| Emory | Semis | Opponent: Lex BF | Judge: Samantha McLoughlin, Sam Larson, Phoenix Pittman 1AC - Debris |
| Grapevine | 2 | Opponent: Loveless Academic Magnet Program RR | Judge: Andrew Shaw 1AC - Korsgaard |
| Grapevine | 4 | Opponent: St Agnes EH | Judge: Margaret Strong 1AC - Pandemics |
| Grapevine | 5 | Opponent: Interlake DB | Judge: Sam Larson 1AC - Pandemics |
| Grapevine | Quarters | Opponent: Garland LY | Judge: Larson, Paramo, Timmons 1AC - Pandemics |
| Kandi King Round Robin | 1 | Opponent: Harker AR | Judge: Phoenix Pittman, Jonathan Jeong 1AC - Kant |
| Kandi King Round Robin | 4 | Opponent: Harrison JP | Judge: Matt Moorhead, Tim Lewis 1AC - Debris |
| Kandi King Round Robin | 5 | Opponent: Southlake Carroll PK | Judge: Abbey Chapman, Tyler Gamble 1AC - Kant |
| Kandi King Round Robin | Semis | Opponent: Sage MP | Judge: Truman Le, Tyler Gamble, Abbey Chapman 1AC- Kant |
| Longhorn Classic | 1 | Opponent: Village RC | Judge: Austin Broussard AC - Teachers |
| Longhorn Classic | 3 | Opponent: Immaculate Heart BC | Judge: ERIC SCHWERDTFEGER 1AC - Pettit |
| Longhorn Classic | 6 | Opponent: Sage MP | Judge: Jack Quisenberry 1AC - Pettit |
| Longhorn Classic | Doubles | Opponent: Plano East NGo | Judge: Zara Inam, Brett Cryan, Nandak Dhurjati 1AC - Courts |
| Loyola | 1 | Opponent: Westwood AD | Judge: Scott Brown 1AC - Pandemics |
| Loyola | 4 | Opponent: Scripps Ranch AS | Judge: Abhinav Sinha 1AC - Pandemics |
| Loyola | 5 | Opponent: Memorial DX | Judge: Asher Towner 1AC - Pandemics |
| Loyola | Doubles | Opponent: Memorial BD | Judge: Gordon, Asher, Connor 1AC - Pandemics |
| Loyola | Octas | Opponent: San Mateo YR | Judge: Tej, Gordon, Connor They went for misdisclosure lol |
| NDCA | 2 | Opponent: Westridge TW | Judge: Alexis Antonakakis 1AC - Cosmos |
| NDCA | 3 | Opponent: Sage MP | Judge: Kristen Arnold 1AC - Cosmos |
| NDCA | 6 | Opponent: Notre Dame AG | Judge: Ishan Rereddy 1ac- debris |
| NDCA | Octas | Opponent: Immaculate Heart JL | Judge: David Kilpatrick, Joseph Barquin, Julian Kuffour 1AC - Debris |
| Palm Classic | 1 | Opponent: Stockdale GS | Judge: Derek Hilligoss 1AC - Debris |
| Palm Classic | 4 | Opponent: Notre Dame AG | Judge: Jonathan Jeong 1AC - Kant |
| Palm Classic | 6 | Opponent: Immaculate Heart JL | Judge: Shahina Chatur 1AC - Kant |
| Palm Classic | Octas | Opponent: Harker DS | Judge: Annabelle Long, Truman Le, Sruthi Ilangovan 1AC - Debris v14 |
| St Marks | 2 | Opponent: Marlborough HL | Judge: Ishan Rereddy 1AC Kant |
| St Marks | 3 | Opponent: Harvard Westlake JH | Judge: Yardley Rosas 1AC - Pandemics |
| St Marks | 5 | Opponent: Denton Guyer SB | Judge: Leo Matthes 1AC - Korsgaard AFC |
| TFA State | 1 | Opponent: Clements CY | Judge: Alexander Yoakum 1AC - Kant |
| TFA State | 4 | Opponent: Dulles TY | Judge: Phoenix Pittman 1AC - Poland |
| TFA State | 5 | Opponent: Claudia Taylor AP | Judge: Holden Bukowsky 1AC - Poland |
| TOC | 1 | Opponent: BASIS Silicon SK | Judge: Holden Bukowsky 1AC - Debris |
| TOC | 3 | Opponent: Edgemont AA | Judge: Ari Davidson 1AC - Debris |
| UH | 2 | Opponent: Clear Springs WM | Judge: Isaiah Salgado 1AC - Debris |
| UH | 3 | Opponent: Woodlands AH | Judge: Phoenix Pittman 1AC - Debris |
| UH | 5 | Opponent: Sidwell SW | Judge: Reed Weiler 1AC - Debris Non governmental Action bad |
| Valley | 1 | Opponent: Loyola SG | Judge: Ki Radcliffe 1AC - Covid |
| Valley | 4 | Opponent: Sage MP | Judge: Chris Theis 1AC - Pandemics |
| Yale | 2 | Opponent: Valley MM | Judge: Stephen Scopa 1AC - Korsgaard |
| Yale | 4 | Opponent: Olympia BO | Judge: Matthew Slencsak 1AC - Korsgaard |
| Yale | 6 | Opponent: Scripps Ranch AS | Judge: Favian Sun 1AC - Pandemics |
| Yale | Octas | Opponent: Village RB | Judge: Rivera, Colicchio, Chen 1AC - Pandemics |
| Yale | Semis | Opponent: Mission San Jose SR | Judge: Scopa, Morris, Lakshman 1AC - Pandemics |
| Yale | Finals | Opponent: Dulles TY | Judge: Robinson, Scopa, Colicchio 1AC - Pandemics |
| Yale | Quarters | Opponent: Harrison MB | Judge: Natchukuri, Jiang, Maher 1AC - Pandemics |
To modify or delete round reports, edit the associated round.
Cites
| Entry | Date |
|---|---|
0 - Contact InfoTournament: Any | Round: 1 | Opponent: Any | Judge: Any Here's my contact info: Here is tournament navigation: St. Marks: Heart of Texas | 11/7/21 |
0 - Th - 1AR InterpsTournament: Any tournament | Round: 1 | Opponent: Any | Judge: Any Interpretation: The negative must concede the aff framework if it isn’t morally repugnant and the advocacy is topical and disclosed Interpretation: The negative must concede the aff framework if the standard is maximizing expected well-being and the advocacy is disclosed Interpretation: if debaters read Nebel T, they may not add on a plank that says PICs are impermissible. Interpretation: debaters may not read an interpretation requiring the 1ac to specify something if the 1ac was disclosed and they said there were no interps they wanted us to meet Interpretation: debaters may not deny the aff 1ar theory and the rvi Spikes are a voting issue: Process counterplans are a voting issue: Semantics first are a voting issue: | 3/11/22 |
1 - Th - AFCTournament: Loyola | Round: 4 | Opponent: Scripps Ranch AS | Judge: Abhinav Sinha | 9/5/21 |
1 - Th - AFC v2Tournament: St Marks | Round: 5 | Opponent: Denton Guyer SB | Judge: Leo Matthes | 10/18/21 |
1 - Th - Non-Governmental ActionTournament: Yale | Round: Quarters | Opponent: Harrison MB | Judge: Natchukuri, Jiang, Maher | 1/19/22 |
1 - Th - Non-Governmental Action v2Tournament: UH | Round: 5 | Opponent: Sidwell SW | Judge: Reed Weiler 3~ Non-governmental action is a voting issue for reciprocity and prep skew- I defend the government taking an action so the negative should do. That's key to reciprocal ground otherwise they get access to a ton of state bad and legalism bad turns that are functional nibs in the 1ar. We additionally can't predict near infinite non-governmental actors while they just have to prep one; outweighs on sequencing since we need prep to debate. Turns and outweighs the K since it indicts our ability to test the truth value of their theory of power. | 1/19/22 |
1 - Th - Non-Governmental Action v3Tournament: Kandi King Round Robin | Round: 5 | Opponent: Southlake Carroll PK | Judge: Abbey Chapman, Tyler Gamble 2~ Non-governmental action is a voting issue for reciprocity and prep skew- I defend the government taking an action so the negative should do. That's key to reciprocal ground otherwise they get access to a ton of state bad and legalism bad turns that are functional nibs in the 1ar. We additionally can't predict near infinite non-governmental actors while they just have to prep one; outweighs on sequencing since we need prep to debate | 3/28/22 |
1 - Th - Non-Governmental Action v4Tournament: Kandi King Round Robin | Round: Semis | Opponent: Sage MP | Judge: Truman Le, Tyler Gamble, Abbey Chapman 2~ Non-governmental action is a voting issue for reciprocity and prep skew- I defend the government taking an action so the negative should do. That's key to reciprocal ground otherwise they get access to a ton of state bad and legalism bad turns that are functional nibs in the 1ar. We additionally can't predict near infinite non-governmental actors while they just have to prep one; outweighs on sequencing since we need prep to debate | 3/28/22 |
2 - FW - Truth TestingTournament: Kandi King Round Robin | Round: Semis | Opponent: Sage MP | Judge: Truman Le, Tyler Gamble, Abbey Chapman 3~ The role of the ballot is to determine whether the resolution is a true or false statement – their framing collapses since you must say it is true that a world is better than another before you adopt it. Scalar methods like comparison increases intervention – the persuasion of certain DA or advantages sway decisions – T/F binary is descriptive and technical. The ballot says vote aff or neg based on a topic – five dictionaries define to negate as to deny the truth of and affirm as to prove true which means it's constitutive and jurisdictional. | 3/28/22 |
JanFeb - AC - CosmosTournament: NDCA | Round: 2 | Opponent: Westridge TW | Judge: Alexis Antonakakis 1AC – PlanThe appropriation of outer space by General Torro is unjust.Contention 1 is the Cosmos.General Torro is deploying new technology creating a paradigm of technological superiority grounded in eugenics. Intrinsic to this is the elimination of the inferior Africans using cybergenetic transformation technologies – the ultimate goal to create a new species and colonizing the cosmos.MacDonald 16. ~Ian P. MacDonald received his Ph.D. in African literature and postcolonial theory from Columbia University in 2014. "Let Us All Mutate Together: Cracking the Code in Laing's Big Bishop Roko and the Altar Gangsters." The Cambridge Journal of Postcolonial Literary Inquiry, https://sci-hub.se/https://doi.org/10.1017/pli.2016.15~~ Justin The siphoning off of African Spiritual Energy is utilized by General Torro to "burst out of the galaxy" in the second configuration.Wright 96. ~Derek, Northern Territory University, Australia. "Culture Wars in Cyberspace: A Note on Kojo Laing's Major Gentl and the Achimota Wars." https://journals.lib.unb.ca/index.php/IFR/article/view/14326~~ Justin The neocolonialist ideals of space travel and galactic adventures by General Torro's scientific and technological adventurism lock the Third World into constant warfare, testing, poverty and toxic dumping.Clark 19 ~Michelle Louise Clarke is a PhD student at SOAS, London. Her research interests centre around Ecocriticism, African Philosophy, and Environmental Ethics. Her work engages with ecocritical discourse within African Speculative Fictions. She is particularly interested in how science fiction, speculative genres and imaginative scenarios can be used to produce very real outcomes for policy implementation and sustainable futures. Her thesis explores how colonial imaginings of wilderness, oceanic and Outer Space frontiers are deconstructed and reimagined within African Literatures. Her editorial is based upon her research in Speculative Anglophone texts from sub-Saharan Africa. "The Speculative Turn in African Literature." Vector. 8/26/19. https://vector-bsfa.com/2019/08/26/the-speculative-turn-in-african-literature/~~ Justin Contention 2 is Solvency.General Major Gentl provides a hope for defeating General Torro – the affirmatives refusal of infinite techno acceleration can halt Torro's army which depends on continuous scientific and technological development to exert control. Destruction of Torro's inter-galactic adventures can create new spaces of subjectivity – resisting the second configuration through space is a d-ruleNgaboh-Smart 97 ~Francis. 11-1. "Science and the Re-representation of African Identity in Major Gentl and the Achimota Wars", Connotations: A Jounral for Critical Debate, https://www.connotations.de/article/francis-ngaboh-smart-science-and-the-re-representation-of-african-identity-in-major-gentl-and-the-achimota-wars~~ WY Recut Justin | 4/9/22 |
JanFeb - AC - Cosmos v2Tournament: NDCA | Round: 3 | Opponent: Sage MP | Judge: Kristen Arnold 1AC – PlanThe appropriation of outer space by General Torro is unjust.Contention 1 is the Cosmos.General Torro is deploying new technology creating a paradigm of technological superiority grounded in eugenics. Intrinsic to this is the elimination of the inferior Africans using cybergenetic transformation technologies – the ultimate goal to create a new species and colonizing the cosmos.MacDonald 16. ~Ian P. MacDonald received his Ph.D. in African literature and postcolonial theory from Columbia University in 2014. "Let Us All Mutate Together: Cracking the Code in Laing's Big Bishop Roko and the Altar Gangsters." The Cambridge Journal of Postcolonial Literary Inquiry, https://sci-hub.se/https://doi.org/10.1017/pli.2016.15~~ Justin The siphoning off of African Spiritual Energy is utilized by General Torro to "burst out of the galaxy" in the second configuration.Wright 96. ~Derek, Northern Territory University, Australia. "Culture Wars in Cyberspace: A Note on Kojo Laing's Major Gentl and the Achimota Wars." https://journals.lib.unb.ca/index.php/IFR/article/view/14326~~ Justin The neocolonialist ideals of space travel and galactic adventures by General Torro's scientific and technological adventurism lock the Third World into constant warfare, testing, poverty and toxic dumping.Clark 19 ~Michelle Louise Clarke is a PhD student at SOAS, London. Her research interests centre around Ecocriticism, African Philosophy, and Environmental Ethics. Her work engages with ecocritical discourse within African Speculative Fictions. She is particularly interested in how science fiction, speculative genres and imaginative scenarios can be used to produce very real outcomes for policy implementation and sustainable futures. Her thesis explores how colonial imaginings of wilderness, oceanic and Outer Space frontiers are deconstructed and reimagined within African Literatures. Her editorial is based upon her research in Speculative Anglophone texts from sub-Saharan Africa. "The Speculative Turn in African Literature." Vector. 8/26/19. https://vector-bsfa.com/2019/08/26/the-speculative-turn-in-african-literature/~~ Justin Contention 2 is Solvency.General Major Gentl provides a hope for defeating General Torro – the affirmatives refusal of infinite techno acceleration can halt Torro's army which depends on continuous scientific and technological development to exert control. Destruction of Torro's inter-galactic adventures can create new spaces of subjectivity – resisting the second configuration through space is a d-ruleNgaboh-Smart 97 ~Francis. 11-1. "Science and the Re-representation of African Identity in Major Gentl and the Achimota Wars", Connotations: A Jounral for Critical Debate, https://www.connotations.de/article/francis-ngaboh-smart-science-and-the-re-representation-of-african-identity-in-major-gentl-and-the-achimota-wars~~ WY Recut Justin | 4/10/22 |
JanFeb - AC - DebrisTournament: Churchill | Round: 1 | Opponent: Westwood AR | Judge: Breigh Plat 1AC R1 Churchill1AC – PlanPlan – The appropriation of outer space through the production of space debris by private entities is unjust.Revising the Outer Space Treaty curbs the impact of space debris – timeframe is crucial.Shah 20 – Sachin, 8/30/20, ~"Aug 30 The International Legal Regulation of Space Debris," CORNELL UNDERGRADUATE LAW and SOCIETY REVIEW, Administrative, Policy, Technology, https://www.culsr.org/articles/the-international-legal-regulation-of-space-debris~~ Justin Private entities are non-governmental.Dunk 11 – Frans G. von der Dunk, 2011, ~"The Origins of Authorisation: Article VI of the Outer Space Treaty and International Space Law," University of Nebraska~ Justin Removal efforts are complements to the plan not the silver bullet.Rada Popova 18, European Space Agency Project Co-Manager and PhD Faculty of Law @ Universitat zu Koln, "The Legal Framework for Space Debris Remediation as a Tool for Sustainability in Outer Space," Aerospace, MDPI, doi:10.3390/aerospace5020055 *adr = active debris removal, sdr = space debris remediation, OOS = on orbit servicing Exemptions destroy the coercive power of legal regimes – causes circumvention across the board.Hickman and Dolman 2 – John and Everett, 2002, Associate professor in the Department of Government and International Studies at Berry College in Mt. Berry, ~"Resurrecting the Space Age: A State–Centered Commentary on the Outer Space Regime," Volume 21 Number 1, https://doi.org/10.1080/014959302317350855~~ Elmer Recut Justin 1AC – Adv – DebrisThe advantage is Debris –Privatization of space leads to unchecked debris.Muelhaupt et al. 19 – Theodore, Marlon Sorge, Jamie Morin, and Robert Wilson, 6/18/19, Center for Orbital and Reentry Debris Studies, Center for Space Policy and Strategy, The Aerospace Corporation, 30 year Space Systems Analyst and Operator, ~"Space traffic management in the new space era," Journal of Space Safety Engineering, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S246889671930045X?via3Dihub~~ Justin Feedback loops of technology cause increasing development and debris.Bernat 20 – Pawel, 2020, Military University of Aviation, ~"ORBITAL SATELLITE CONSTELLATIONS AND THE GROWING THREAT OF KESSLER SYNDROME IN THE LOWER EARTH ORBIT," SAFETY ENGINEERING OF ANTHROPOGENIC OBJECTS, Volume 4, PDF~ Justin Privatization exponentially increases the curve but ending dangerous missions stops it.Bernat 20 – Pawel, 2020, Military University of Aviation, ~"ORBITAL SATELLITE CONSTELLATIONS AND THE GROWING THREAT OF KESSLER SYNDROME IN THE LOWER EARTH ORBIT," SAFETY ENGINEERING OF ANTHROPOGENIC OBJECTS, Volume 4, PDF~ Justin Models are rigorous and robust.—-To clarify this is the methodology for above chart. Debris triggers miscalculated war.Peter Dockrill 16. Award-winning science and technology journalist. "Space Junk Accidents Could Trigger Armed Conflict, Study Finds." https://www.sciencealert.com/space-junk-accidents-could-trigger-armed-conflict-expert-warns. ====Goes nuclear.==== Convergence of factors guarantee space escalation.Thomas González Roberts 17. A space security researcher at the Center for Strategic and International Studies, and host of Moonstruck, a podcast about humans in space. "Why We Should Be Worried about a War in Space ," 12-15-2017. Atlantic, https://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2017/12/why-we-should-be-worried-about-a-war-in-space/548507/ Any nuclear war causes extinction – ice age and famine.Steven Starr 15 ~Director of the University of Missouri's Clinical Laboratory Science Program, as well as a senior scientist at the Physicians for Social Responsibility. He has worked with the Swiss, Chilean, and Swedish governments in support of their efforts at the United Nations to eliminate thousands of high-alert, launch-ready U.S. and Russian nuclear weapons. "Nuclear War: An Unrecognized Mass Extinction Event Waiting To Happen." Ratical. March 2015. https://ratical.org/radiation/NuclearExtinction/StevenStarr022815.html~~ TG | 1/8/22 |
JanFeb - AC - Debris v10Tournament: Emory | Round: 6 | Opponent: North Allegheny RR | Judge: Gerard Grisby | 2/12/22 |
JanFeb - AC - Debris v11Tournament: Emory | Round: Doubles | Opponent: Orange Lutheran AZ | Judge: Jacob Palmer, Chris Theis, David Dosch | 2/12/22 |
JanFeb - AC - Debris v12Tournament: Emory | Round: Semis | Opponent: Lex BF | Judge: Samantha McLoughlin, Sam Larson, Phoenix Pittman | 2/12/22 |
JanFeb - AC - Debris v13Tournament: Palm Classic | Round: 1 | Opponent: Stockdale GS | Judge: Derek Hilligoss 1AC – PlanPlan – The appropriation of outer space through the production of space debris by private entities is unjust. We'll defend the resolution as a value statement.1AC – Adv – DebrisThe space sector is trending towards privatization – that drives feedback loops of technology creating cascading collisions.BERNAT 20. Pawel @ Military University of Aviation. 11/4/20. ~SAFETY ENGINEERING OF ANTHROPOGENIC OBJECTS, "ORBITAL SATELLITE CONSTELLATIONS AND THE GROWING THREAT OF KESSLER SYNDROME IN THE LOWER EARTH ORBIT," Volume 4, PDF~ Justin Privatization exponentially increases debris – lack of regulations spikes it – models.BERNAT 20. Pawel @ Military University of Aviation. 11/4/20. ~SAFETY ENGINEERING OF ANTHROPOGENIC OBJECTS, "ORBITAL SATELLITE CONSTELLATIONS AND THE GROWING THREAT OF KESSLER SYNDROME IN THE LOWER EARTH ORBIT," Volume 4, PDF~ Justin Models are rigorous.Virgili et al. 16 – Bastida, J.C. Dolado, H.G. Lewis, J. Radtke, H. Krag, B. Revelin, C. Cazaux b , C. Colombo, R. Crowther, M. Metz. 4/26/16. ~Act Astranautica "Risk to space sustainability from large constellations of satellites," https://sci-hub.se/10.1016/j.actaastro.2016.03.034.~~ Justin Debris shreds ozone.Josy O'Donnell 18, creator of Conservation Institute, "WHAT HAPPENS TO THE "SPACE JUNK" THAT FALLS BACK TO EARTH?," https://ourplnt.com/space-junk-earth/~~#axzz5xRXia1uD ====Ozone collapse causes extinction.==== Satellites are an impact multiplier – specifically solves the grid.Pellegrino and Stang 16. Massimo Pellegrino, Master's Degree in Space Studies from ISU, with Gerald Stang, Senior Associate Analyst at the EUISS, holds BSc and MSc degrees in chemical engineering from the University of Saskatchewan and an MA in international affairs from the School of International and Public Affairs at Columbia University ("Space Security for Europe", EU Institute for Security Studies, published July 2016, https://www.iss.europa.eu/content/space-security-europe, accessed 7-10-2019) bm Grid security is an existential risk factor.Denkenberger 21 – David Denkenberger, Anders Sandberg, Ross John Tieman, and Joshua M. Pearce, *Assistant professor of mechanical engineering at University of Alaska Fairbanks, "Long-term cost-effectiveness of interventions for loss of electricity/industry compared to artificial general intelligence safety," 2021, European Journal of Futures Research, Vol. 9, Issue 1, https://doi.org/10.1186/s40309-021-00178-z, EA Recut Justin Debris triggers miscalculated war.Robert Farley 22, Now a 1945 Contributing Editor, Dr. Robert Farley is a Senior Lecturer at the Patterson School at the University of Kentucky. Dr. Farley is the author of Grounded: The Case for Abolishing the United States Air Force (University Press of Kentucky, 2014), the Battleship Book (Wildside, 2016), and Patents for Power: Intellectual Property Law and the Diffusion of Military Technology (University of Chicago, 2020). 1/9/22. ~19 Fourty Five, "Does A Space War Mean A Nuclear War?," https://www.19fortyfive.com/2022/01/does-a-space-war-mean-a-nuclear-war/~~ Justin ====No checks on escalation.==== No limited nuclear wars – extinction.Webber 19 – Dr Philip Webber has written widely on nuclear issues and is Chair of Scientists for Global Responsibility (SGR) – a membership organisation promoting responsible science and technology. We will all end up killing each other and one nuclear blast could do it. 5/18/19. ~METRO.UK "We will all end up killing each other and one nuclear blast could do it," https://metro.co.uk/2019/05/18/we-will-all-end-up-killing-each-other-and-one-nuclear-blast-could-do-it-9370115/~~ Recut Justin | 2/12/22 |
JanFeb - AC - Debris v14Tournament: Palm Classic | Round: Octas | Opponent: Harker DS | Judge: Annabelle Long, Truman Le, Sruthi Ilangovan 1AC – PlanPlan – The appropriation of outer space through the production of space debris by private entities is unjust.Revising the Outer Space Treaty clarifies legal loopholes and ambiguities in space debris.Private entities: Non-governmental The aff interprets OST enforcement as an OUF (Orbital Use Fee). Proportionality in relation to the space industry solves best without harming it and any other solution only worsens the threat – models.Rao et al 20. Akhil, Matthew Burgess, and Daniel Kaffine *Department of Economics, Middlebury College, Middlebury Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Environmental Studies Program, and Department of Economics *Department of Economics. 2020 ~PNAS, "Orbital-use fees could more than quadruple the value of the space industry," https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7293599/~~ Justin | 2/19/22 |
JanFeb - AC - Debris v15Tournament: Kandi King Round Robin | Round: 4 | Opponent: Harrison JP | Judge: Matt Moorhead, Tim Lewis 1AC – PlanPlan – The appropriation of outer space through the production of orbital debris by private entities is unjust.Orbital debris isNASA.gov 21 ~NASA – 5/26/21. "Space Debris and Human Spacecraft." https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/station/news/orbital_debris.html~~ Justin 1AC – AdvantageThe space sector is trending towards privatization – that drives feedback loops of technology creating cascading collisions.BERNAT 20. Pawel @ Military University of Aviation. 11/4/20. ~SAFETY ENGINEERING OF ANTHROPOGENIC OBJECTS, "ORBITAL SATELLITE CONSTELLATIONS AND THE GROWING THREAT OF KESSLER SYNDROME IN THE LOWER EARTH ORBIT," Volume 4, PDF~ Justin Privatization exponentially increases debris – lack of regulations spikes it – models.BERNAT 20. Pawel @ Military University of Aviation. 11/4/20. ~SAFETY ENGINEERING OF ANTHROPOGENIC OBJECTS, "ORBITAL SATELLITE CONSTELLATIONS AND THE GROWING THREAT OF KESSLER SYNDROME IN THE LOWER EARTH ORBIT," Volume 4, PDF~ Justin Models are rigorous.Virgili et al. 16 – Bastida, J.C. Dolado, H.G. Lewis, J. Radtke, H. Krag, B. Revelin, C. Cazaux b , C. Colombo, R. Crowther, M. Metz. 4/26/16. ~Act Astranautica "Risk to space sustainability from large constellations of satellites," https://sci-hub.se/10.1016/j.actaastro.2016.03.034.~~ Justin Satellites are an impact multiplier – specifically solves the grid.Pellegrino and Stang 16. Massimo Pellegrino, Master's Degree in Space Studies from ISU, with Gerald Stang, Senior Associate Analyst at the EUISS, holds BSc and MSc degrees in chemical engineering from the University of Saskatchewan and an MA in international affairs from the School of International and Public Affairs at Columbia University ("Space Security for Europe", EU Institute for Security Studies, published July 2016, https://www.iss.europa.eu/content/space-security-europe, accessed 7-10-2019) bm Grid security is an impact filter.Denkenberger 21 ~David Denkenberger, Anders Sandberg, Ross John Tieman, and Joshua M. Pearce, * assistant professor of mechanical engineering at University of Alaska Fairbanks, "Long-term cost-effectiveness of interventions for loss of electricity/industry compared to artificial general intelligence safety," 2021, European Journal of Futures Research, Vol. 9, Issue 1, https://doi.org/10.1186/s40309-021-00178-z, EA~ Debris triggers miscalculated war.Robert Farley 22, Now a 1945 Contributing Editor, Dr. Robert Farley is a Senior Lecturer at the Patterson School at the University of Kentucky. Dr. Farley is the author of Grounded: The Case for Abolishing the United States Air Force (University Press of Kentucky, 2014), the Battleship Book (Wildside, 2016), and Patents for Power: Intellectual Property Law and the Diffusion of Military Technology (University of Chicago, 2020). 1/9/22. ~19 Fourty Five, "Does A Space War Mean A Nuclear War?," https://www.19fortyfive.com/2022/01/does-a-space-war-mean-a-nuclear-war/~~ Justin ====No checks on escalation.==== No limited nuclear wars – extinction.Webber 19 – Dr Philip Webber has written widely on nuclear issues and is Chair of Scientists for Global Responsibility (SGR) – a membership organisation promoting responsible science and technology. We will all end up killing each other and one nuclear blast could do it. 5/18/19. ~METRO.UK "We will all end up killing each other and one nuclear blast could do it," https://metro.co.uk/2019/05/18/we-will-all-end-up-killing-each-other-and-one-nuclear-blast-could-do-it-9370115/~~ Recut Justin | 3/26/22 |
JanFeb - AC - Debris v16Tournament: NDCA | Round: 6 | Opponent: Notre Dame AG | Judge: Ishan Rereddy 1AC R6 NDCAMY DOG.
doge.
1AC – PlanPlan – The appropriation of outer space through the production of orbital debris by private entities is unjust.Orbital debris isNASA.gov 21 ~NASA – 5/26/21. "Space Debris and Human Spacecraft." https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/station/news/orbital_debris.html~~ Justin The aff interprets enforcement as an OUF (Orbital Use Fee). Proportionality in relation to the space industry solves best without harming it and any other solution only worsens the threat – models.Rao et al 20. Akhil, Matthew Burgess, and Daniel Kaffine *Department of Economics, Middlebury College, Middlebury Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Environmental Studies Program, and Department of Economics *Department of Economics. 2020 ~PNAS, "Orbital-use fees could more than quadruple the value of the space industry," https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7293599/~~ Justin 1AC – AdvantageThe space sector is trending towards privatization – that drives feedback loops of technology creating cascading collisions.BERNAT 20. Pawel @ Military University of Aviation. 11/4/20. ~SAFETY ENGINEERING OF ANTHROPOGENIC OBJECTS, "ORBITAL SATELLITE CONSTELLATIONS AND THE GROWING THREAT OF KESSLER SYNDROME IN THE LOWER EARTH ORBIT," Volume 4, PDF~ Justin Privatization exponentially increases debris – lack of regulations spikes it – models.BERNAT 20. Pawel @ Military University of Aviation. 11/4/20. ~SAFETY ENGINEERING OF ANTHROPOGENIC OBJECTS, "ORBITAL SATELLITE CONSTELLATIONS AND THE GROWING THREAT OF KESSLER SYNDROME IN THE LOWER EARTH ORBIT," Volume 4, PDF~ Justin Models are rigorous – inserted below.Virgili et al. 16 – Bastida, J.C. Dolado, H.G. Lewis, J. Radtke, H. Krag, B. Revelin, C. Cazaux b , C. Colombo, R. Crowther, M. Metz. 4/26/16. ~Act Astranautica "Risk to space sustainability from large constellations of satellites," https://sci-hub.se/10.1016/j.actaastro.2016.03.034.~~ Justin Debris is exponentially increasing and current models underestimate the risk. The aff is our best shot making it try-or-die.Shen and Blake 2/24/22 ~Zili Shen, Internally citing James Blake * I am a Ph.D. student in Astronomy at Yale University. My research focuses on ultra-diffuse galaxies and their globular cluster populations. Since I came to Yale, I have worked on two "dark-matter-free" galaxies NGC1052-DF2 and DF4 Department of Physics and Centre for Space Domain Awareness, University of Warwick, Coventry. "How not to bury ourselves under space trash." astrobites. https://astrobites.org/2022/02/24/space-sustainability/~~ Justin Current regulatory guidelines fail – answers neg turns.Boley and Byers 21. Aaron Boley is at the Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada and Michael Byers is at the Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada. 5/20/21. ~Nature, "Satellite mega-constellations create risks in Low Earth Orbit, the atmosphere and on Earth," https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-021-89909-7~~ Justin Fragmentation leads to speedy debris – that's laws of physics.Aerospace.org n.d. ~As an independent, nonprofit corporation operating the only FFRDC for the space enterprise, The Aerospace Corporation performs objective technical analyses and assessments for a variety of government, civil, and commercial customers. "SPACE DEBRIS 101." AEROSPACE. https://aerospace.org/article/space-debris-101~~ Justin Rivalrous orbits create space conflict and turn good satellites.Samson 22 – Victoria Samson is the Washington office director for the Secure World Foundation, an organization that focuses on space sustainability, and she has over 20 years of experience in military space and security issues. Previously, Ms. Samson was a senior analyst for the Center for Defense Information. She also was a senior policy associate at the Coalition to Reduce Nuclear Dangers, a consortium of arms control groups. Earlier, she was a researcher at Riverside Research Institute, where she worked on war-gaming scenarios for the Missile Defense Agency. 1/17/22. ~Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, "The complicating role of the private sector in space," DOI: 10.1080/00963402.2021.2014229~ Justin Triggers space escalation and nuclear war.Perez 21 – Veronica Delgado-Perez is a Staff Writer at The International Scholar. 12/14/21 – Note, doesn't say date but most recent cited event is 2021, correct if I'm wrong. ~The International Scholar, "Argument | The Commercialization of Space Risks Launching a Militarized Space Race," https://www.theintlscholar.com/periodical/12/14/2020/analysis-commercialization-space-risk-international-law-military-space-race~~ Justin Look at this telescope view
Satellites are an impact multiplier – specifically solves the grid.Pellegrino and Stang 16. Massimo Pellegrino, Master's Degree in Space Studies from ISU, with Gerald Stang, Senior Associate Analyst at the EUISS, holds BSc and MSc degrees in chemical engineering from the University of Saskatchewan and an MA in international affairs from the School of International and Public Affairs at Columbia University ("Space Security for Europe", EU Institute for Security Studies, published July 2016, https://www.iss.europa.eu/content/space-security-europe, accessed 7-10-2019) bm Grid security is an impact filter.Denkenberger 21 ~David Denkenberger, Anders Sandberg, Ross John Tieman, and Joshua M. Pearce, * assistant professor of mechanical engineering at University of Alaska Fairbanks, "Long-term cost-effectiveness of interventions for loss of electricity/industry compared to artificial general intelligence safety," 2021, European Journal of Futures Research, Vol. 9, Issue 1, https://doi.org/10.1186/s40309-021-00178-z, EA~ Debris triggers miscalculated war.Robert Farley 22, Now a 1945 Contributing Editor, Dr. Robert Farley is a Senior Lecturer at the Patterson School at the University of Kentucky. Dr. Farley is the author of Grounded: The Case for Abolishing the United States Air Force (University Press of Kentucky, 2014), the Battleship Book (Wildside, 2016), and Patents for Power: Intellectual Property Law and the Diffusion of Military Technology (University of Chicago, 2020). 1/9/22. ~19 Fourty Five, "Does A Space War Mean A Nuclear War?," https://www.19fortyfive.com/2022/01/does-a-space-war-mean-a-nuclear-war/~~ Justin ====No checks on escalation.==== No limited nuclear wars – extinction.Webber 19 – Dr Philip Webber has written widely on nuclear issues and is Chair of Scientists for Global Responsibility (SGR) – a membership organisation promoting responsible science and technology. We will all end up killing each other and one nuclear blast could do it. 5/18/19. ~METRO.UK "We will all end up killing each other and one nuclear blast could do it," https://metro.co.uk/2019/05/18/we-will-all-end-up-killing-each-other-and-one-nuclear-blast-could-do-it-9370115/~~ Recut Justin | 4/23/22 |
JanFeb - AC - Debris v17Tournament: TOC | Round: 3 | Opponent: Edgemont AA | Judge: Ari Davidson Plan – The appropriation of outer space through the production of orbital debris by private entities is unjust. I'll defend the resolution as a value statement.Orbital debris isNASA.gov 21 ~NASA – 5/26/21. "Space Debris and Human Spacecraft." https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/station/news/orbital_debris.html~~ Justin 1AC – AdvantageThe private sector locks in the Kessler Syndrome as a structurally inevitability by 2035. The debris threat isn't internalized, engineering studies, profit-motive AND inefficient guidelines.Rao and Rondina 2/16/22 ~Akhil Rao and Giacomo Rondina. *Middlebury College in the Department of Economics. University of California, San Diego. "Open access to orbit and runaway space debris growth." https://arxiv.org/pdf/2202.07442.pdf~~ Justin Fragmentation leads to speedy debris – that's laws of physics.Aerospace.org n.d. ~As an independent, nonprofit corporation operating the only FFRDC for the space enterprise, The Aerospace Corporation performs objective technical analyses and assessments for a variety of government, civil, and commercial customers. "SPACE DEBRIS 101." AEROSPACE. https://aerospace.org/article/space-debris-101~~ Justin Debris cascades triggers global grid shutdown—-generator dispersion is dependent on satellites.Silberg 1/26/14 ~Bob Silberg, NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory. "Satellites help power grid keep its balance." Climate.NASA.Gov. https://climate.nasa.gov/news/1027/satellites-help-power-grid-keep-its-balance/~~ Justin Grid security is an impact filter.Denkenberger 21 – David Denkenberger, Anders Sandberg, Ross John Tieman, and Joshua M. Pearce, *Assistant professor of mechanical engineering at University of Alaska Fairbanks, "Long-term cost-effectiveness of interventions for loss of electricity/industry compared to artificial general intelligence safety," 2021, European Journal of Futures Research, Vol. 9, Issue 1, https://doi.org/10.1186/s40309-021-00178-z, EA Recut Justin Debris triggers miscalculated war.Robert Farley 22, Now a 1945 Contributing Editor, Dr. Robert Farley is a Senior Lecturer at the Patterson School at the University of Kentucky. Dr. Farley is the author of Grounded: The Case for Abolishing the United States Air Force (University Press of Kentucky, 2014), the Battleship Book (Wildside, 2016), and Patents for Power: Intellectual Property Law and the Diffusion of Military Technology (University of Chicago, 2020). 1/9/22. ~19 Fourty Five, "Does A Space War Mean A Nuclear War?," https://www.19fortyfive.com/2022/01/does-a-space-war-mean-a-nuclear-war/~~ Justin ====No checks on escalation.==== No limited nuclear wars – extinction.Webber 19 – Dr Philip Webber has written widely on nuclear issues and is Chair of Scientists for Global Responsibility (SGR) – a membership organisation promoting responsible science and technology. We will all end up killing each other and one nuclear blast could do it. 5/18/19. ~METRO.UK "We will all end up killing each other and one nuclear blast could do it," https://metro.co.uk/2019/05/18/we-will-all-end-up-killing-each-other-and-one-nuclear-blast-could-do-it-9370115/~~ Recut Justin Satellites revolutionize acidification response.Newton 20 – A freelance writer originally hailing from England, he moved to Berlin in 2012 and hasn't looked back. Prior to this, he gained a MScEcon in Strategic Studies from Aberystywth, specialising in information strategy and military-media relations. He also finds it awkward to write about himself in the third person. 8/12/20. ~Reset, "Satellite Technology Could Hold the Key to Measuring the Ocean's Increasing Acidification," https://en.reset.org/satellite-technology-could-hold-key-measuring-oceans-increasing-acidification-08112020/~~ Justin Extinction – empirics.Carrington 19 – Damian is an Environmental Editor for the Guardian. 10/21/19. ~Guardian, "Ocean acidification can cause mass extinctions, fossils reveal," https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2019/oct/21/ocean-acidification-can-cause-mass-extinctions-fossils-reveal~~#:~~:text=Ocean20acidification20can20cause20the,66m20years20ago20has20revealed.andtext=This20spike20demonstrated20it20was,chalky20shells20of20many20species.~ Justin | 4/24/22 |
JanFeb - AC - Debris v18Tournament: TOC | Round: 3 | Opponent: Edgemont AA | Judge: Ari Davidson Plan – The appropriation of outer space through the production of orbital debris by private entities is unjust. I'll defend the resolution as a value statement.Orbital debris isNASA.gov 21 ~NASA – 5/26/21. "Space Debris and Human Spacecraft." https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/station/news/orbital_debris.html~~ Justin 1AC – AdvantageThe private sector locks in the Kessler Syndrome as a structurally inevitability by 2035. The debris threat isn't internalized, engineering studies, profit-motive AND inefficient guidelines.Rao and Rondina 2/16/22 ~Akhil Rao and Giacomo Rondina. *Middlebury College in the Department of Economics. University of California, San Diego. "Open access to orbit and runaway space debris growth." https://arxiv.org/pdf/2202.07442.pdf~~ Justin Fragmentation leads to speedy debris – that's laws of physics.Aerospace.org n.d. ~As an independent, nonprofit corporation operating the only FFRDC for the space enterprise, The Aerospace Corporation performs objective technical analyses and assessments for a variety of government, civil, and commercial customers. "SPACE DEBRIS 101." AEROSPACE. https://aerospace.org/article/space-debris-101~~ Justin Debris cascades triggers global grid shutdown—-generator dispersion is dependent on satellites.Silberg 1/26/14 ~Bob Silberg, NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory. "Satellites help power grid keep its balance." Climate.NASA.Gov. https://climate.nasa.gov/news/1027/satellites-help-power-grid-keep-its-balance/~~ Justin Grid security is an impact filter.Denkenberger 21 – David Denkenberger, Anders Sandberg, Ross John Tieman, and Joshua M. Pearce, *Assistant professor of mechanical engineering at University of Alaska Fairbanks, "Long-term cost-effectiveness of interventions for loss of electricity/industry compared to artificial general intelligence safety," 2021, European Journal of Futures Research, Vol. 9, Issue 1, https://doi.org/10.1186/s40309-021-00178-z, EA Recut Justin Debris triggers miscalculated war.Robert Farley 22, Now a 1945 Contributing Editor, Dr. Robert Farley is a Senior Lecturer at the Patterson School at the University of Kentucky. Dr. Farley is the author of Grounded: The Case for Abolishing the United States Air Force (University Press of Kentucky, 2014), the Battleship Book (Wildside, 2016), and Patents for Power: Intellectual Property Law and the Diffusion of Military Technology (University of Chicago, 2020). 1/9/22. ~19 Fourty Five, "Does A Space War Mean A Nuclear War?," https://www.19fortyfive.com/2022/01/does-a-space-war-mean-a-nuclear-war/~~ Justin ====No checks on escalation.==== No limited nuclear wars – extinction.Webber 19 – Dr Philip Webber has written widely on nuclear issues and is Chair of Scientists for Global Responsibility (SGR) – a membership organisation promoting responsible science and technology. We will all end up killing each other and one nuclear blast could do it. 5/18/19. ~METRO.UK "We will all end up killing each other and one nuclear blast could do it," https://metro.co.uk/2019/05/18/we-will-all-end-up-killing-each-other-and-one-nuclear-blast-could-do-it-9370115/~~ Recut Justin Satellites revolutionize acidification response.Newton 20 – A freelance writer originally hailing from England, he moved to Berlin in 2012 and hasn't looked back. Prior to this, he gained a MScEcon in Strategic Studies from Aberystywth, specialising in information strategy and military-media relations. He also finds it awkward to write about himself in the third person. 8/12/20. ~Reset, "Satellite Technology Could Hold the Key to Measuring the Ocean's Increasing Acidification," https://en.reset.org/satellite-technology-could-hold-key-measuring-oceans-increasing-acidification-08112020/~~ Justin Extinction – empirics.Carrington 19 – Damian is an Environmental Editor for the Guardian. 10/21/19. ~Guardian, "Ocean acidification can cause mass extinctions, fossils reveal," https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2019/oct/21/ocean-acidification-can-cause-mass-extinctions-fossils-reveal~~#:~~:text=Ocean20acidification20can20cause20the,66m20years20ago20has20revealed.andtext=This20spike20demonstrated20it20was,chalky20shells20of20many20species.~ Justin | 4/24/22 |
JanFeb - AC - Debris v2Tournament: Churchill | Round: 4 | Opponent: Basis Shavano AK | Judge: Angela Zhong 1AC1AC – PlanPlan – The appropriation of outer space through the production of space debris by private entities is unjust.Revising the Outer Space Treaty curbs the impact of space debris – timeframe is crucial.Shah 20 – Sachin, 8/30/20, ~"Aug 30 The International Legal Regulation of Space Debris," CORNELL UNDERGRADUATE LAW and SOCIETY REVIEW, Administrative, Policy, Technology, https://www.culsr.org/articles/the-international-legal-regulation-of-space-debris~~ Justin Private entities are non-governmental.Dunk 11 – Frans G. von der Dunk, 2011, ~"The Origins of Authorisation: Article VI of the Outer Space Treaty and International Space Law," University of Nebraska~ Justin Removal efforts are complements to the plan not the silver bullet.Rada Popova 18, European Space Agency Project Co-Manager and PhD Faculty of Law @ Universitat zu Koln, "The Legal Framework for Space Debris Remediation as a Tool for Sustainability in Outer Space," Aerospace, MDPI, doi:10.3390/aerospace5020055 *adr = active debris removal, sdr = space debris remediation, OOS = on orbit servicing Exemptions destroy the coercive power of legal regimes – causes circumvention across the board.Hickman and Dolman 2 – John and Everett, 2002, Associate professor in the Department of Government and International Studies at Berry College in Mt. Berry, ~"Resurrecting the Space Age: A State–Centered Commentary on the Outer Space Regime," Volume 21 Number 1, https://doi.org/10.1080/014959302317350855~~ Elmer Recut Justin 1AC – Adv – Debris ~Long~The advantage is Debris –Privatization of space leads to unchecked debris.Muelhaupt et al. 19 – Theodore, Marlon Sorge, Jamie Morin, and Robert Wilson, 6/18/19, Center for Orbital and Reentry Debris Studies, Center for Space Policy and Strategy, The Aerospace Corporation, 30 year Space Systems Analyst and Operator, ~"Space traffic management in the new space era," Journal of Space Safety Engineering, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S246889671930045X?via3Dihub~~ Justin Feedback loops of technology cause increasing development and debris.Bernat 20 – Pawel, 2020, Military University of Aviation, ~"ORBITAL SATELLITE CONSTELLATIONS AND THE GROWING THREAT OF KESSLER SYNDROME IN THE LOWER EARTH ORBIT," SAFETY ENGINEERING OF ANTHROPOGENIC OBJECTS, Volume 4, PDF~ Justin Invisible tipping points trigger the Kessler Syndrome.Thompson 21 – Clive, 11/17/21, Clive Thompson is a contributing writer for the New York Times Magazine, a columnist for Wired and Smithsonian magazines, and a regular contributor to Mother Jones. He's the author of Coders: The Making of a New Tribe and the Remaking of the World, and Smarter Than You Think: How Technology is Changing our Minds for the Better. He's @pomeranian99 on Twitter and Instagram, ~"Get Ready for the "Kessler Syndrome" to Wreck Outer Space," OneZero, https://onezero.medium.com/get-ready-for-the-kessler-syndrome-to-wreck-outer-space-7f29cfe62c3e~~ Justin Privatization exponentially increases the curve but ending dangerous missions stops it.Bernat 20 – Pawel, 2020, Military University of Aviation, ~"ORBITAL SATELLITE CONSTELLATIONS AND THE GROWING THREAT OF KESSLER SYNDROME IN THE LOWER EARTH ORBIT," SAFETY ENGINEERING OF ANTHROPOGENIC OBJECTS, Volume 4, PDF~ Justin Models are rigorous and robust – inserted below.—-To clarify this is the methodology for above chart. Debris triggers miscalculated war.Peter Dockrill 16. Award-winning science and technology journalist. "Space Junk Accidents Could Trigger Armed Conflict, Study Finds." https://www.sciencealert.com/space-junk-accidents-could-trigger-armed-conflict-expert-warns. ====Goes nuclear.==== Public pressure forces retaliation.Nancy Gallagher 15. Interim director of the Center for International and Security Studies in Maryland, previous Executive Director of the Clinton Administration's CTBT Treaty Committee, an arms control specialist at the State Dept., and a faculty member at Wesleyan, "Antisatellite warfare without nuclear risk: A mirage," May 29, Bulletin of Atomic Scientists, http://thebulletin.org/space-weapons-and-risk-nuclear-exchanges8346 Convergence of factors guarantee space escalation.Thomas González Roberts 17. A space security researcher at the Center for Strategic and International Studies, and host of Moonstruck, a podcast about humans in space. "Why We Should Be Worried about a War in Space ," 12-15-2017. Atlantic, https://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2017/12/why-we-should-be-worried-about-a-war-in-space/548507/ ====No checks on escalation.==== Any nuclear war causes extinction – ice age and famine.Steven Starr 15 ~Director of the University of Missouri's Clinical Laboratory Science Program, as well as a senior scientist at the Physicians for Social Responsibility. He has worked with the Swiss, Chilean, and Swedish governments in support of their efforts at the United Nations to eliminate thousands of high-alert, launch-ready U.S. and Russian nuclear weapons. "Nuclear War: An Unrecognized Mass Extinction Event Waiting To Happen." Ratical. March 2015. https://ratical.org/radiation/NuclearExtinction/StevenStarr022815.html~~ TG | 1/14/22 |
JanFeb - AC - Debris v3Tournament: Churchill | Round: 6 | Opponent: Basis Shavano KS | Judge: Holden Bukowsky 1AC – PlanPlan – The appropriation of outer space through the production of space debris by private entities is unjust.Revising the Outer Space Treaty curbs the impact of space debris – timeframe is crucial.Shah 20 – Sachin, 8/30/20, ~"Aug 30 The International Legal Regulation of Space Debris," CORNELL UNDERGRADUATE LAW and SOCIETY REVIEW, Administrative, Policy, Technology, https://www.culsr.org/articles/the-international-legal-regulation-of-space-debris~~ Justin Private entities are non-governmental.Dunk 11 – Frans G. von der Dunk, 2011, ~"The Origins of Authorisation: Article VI of the Outer Space Treaty and International Space Law," University of Nebraska~ Justin Exemptions destroy the coercive power of legal regimes – causes circumvention across the board.Hickman and Dolman 2 – John and Everett, 2002, Associate professor in the Department of Government and International Studies at Berry College in Mt. Berry, ~"Resurrecting the Space Age: A State–Centered Commentary on the Outer Space Regime," Volume 21 Number 1, https://doi.org/10.1080/014959302317350855~~ Elmer Recut Justin 1AC – Adv – Debris ~Long~The advantage is Debris –Privatization of space leads to unchecked debris.Muelhaupt et al. 19 – Theodore, Marlon Sorge, Jamie Morin, and Robert Wilson, 6/18/19, Center for Orbital and Reentry Debris Studies, Center for Space Policy and Strategy, The Aerospace Corporation, 30 year Space Systems Analyst and Operator, ~"Space traffic management in the new space era," Journal of Space Safety Engineering, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S246889671930045X?via3Dihub~~ Justin Feedback loops of technology cause increasing development and debris.Bernat 20 – Pawel, 2020, Military University of Aviation, ~"ORBITAL SATELLITE CONSTELLATIONS AND THE GROWING THREAT OF KESSLER SYNDROME IN THE LOWER EARTH ORBIT," SAFETY ENGINEERING OF ANTHROPOGENIC OBJECTS, Volume 4, PDF~ Justin Invisible tipping points trigger the Kessler Syndrome.Thompson 21 – Clive, 11/17/21, Clive Thompson is a contributing writer for the New York Times Magazine, a columnist for Wired and Smithsonian magazines, and a regular contributor to Mother Jones. He's the author of Coders: The Making of a New Tribe and the Remaking of the World, and Smarter Than You Think: How Technology is Changing our Minds for the Better. He's @pomeranian99 on Twitter and Instagram, ~"Get Ready for the "Kessler Syndrome" to Wreck Outer Space," OneZero, https://onezero.medium.com/get-ready-for-the-kessler-syndrome-to-wreck-outer-space-7f29cfe62c3e~~ Justin Privatization exponentially increases the curve but ending dangerous missions stops it.Bernat 20 – Pawel, 2020, Military University of Aviation, ~"ORBITAL SATELLITE CONSTELLATIONS AND THE GROWING THREAT OF KESSLER SYNDROME IN THE LOWER EARTH ORBIT," SAFETY ENGINEERING OF ANTHROPOGENIC OBJECTS, Volume 4, PDF~ Justin Models are rigorous and robust – inserted below.—-To clarify this is the methodology for above chart. Debris triggers miscalculated war.Peter Dockrill 16. Award-winning science and technology journalist. "Space Junk Accidents Could Trigger Armed Conflict, Study Finds." https://www.sciencealert.com/space-junk-accidents-could-trigger-armed-conflict-expert-warns. ====Goes nuclear.==== Public pressure forces retaliation.Nancy Gallagher 15. Interim director of the Center for International and Security Studies in Maryland, previous Executive Director of the Clinton Administration's CTBT Treaty Committee, an arms control specialist at the State Dept., and a faculty member at Wesleyan, "Antisatellite warfare without nuclear risk: A mirage," May 29, Bulletin of Atomic Scientists, http://thebulletin.org/space-weapons-and-risk-nuclear-exchanges8346 Convergence of factors guarantee space escalation.Thomas González Roberts 17. A space security researcher at the Center for Strategic and International Studies, and host of Moonstruck, a podcast about humans in space. "Why We Should Be Worried about a War in Space ," 12-15-2017. Atlantic, https://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2017/12/why-we-should-be-worried-about-a-war-in-space/548507/ Any nuclear war causes extinction – ice age and famine.Steven Starr 15 ~Director of the University of Missouri's Clinical Laboratory Science Program, as well as a senior scientist at the Physicians for Social Responsibility. He has worked with the Swiss, Chilean, and Swedish governments in support of their efforts at the United Nations to eliminate thousands of high-alert, launch-ready U.S. and Russian nuclear weapons. "Nuclear War: An Unrecognized Mass Extinction Event Waiting To Happen." Ratical. March 2015. https://ratical.org/radiation/NuclearExtinction/StevenStarr022815.html~~ TG | 1/14/22 |
JanFeb - AC - Debris v4Tournament: Churchill | Round: Octas | Opponent: McNeil AG | Judge: Patrick Fox, River Cook, Truman Le 1AC – PlanPlan – The appropriation of outer space through the production of space debris by private entities is unjust.Revising the Outer Space Treaty curbs the impact of space debris – timeframe is crucial.Shah 20 – Sachin, 8/30/20, ~"Aug 30 The International Legal Regulation of Space Debris," CORNELL UNDERGRADUATE LAW and SOCIETY REVIEW, Administrative, Policy, Technology, https://www.culsr.org/articles/the-international-legal-regulation-of-space-debris~~ Justin Private entities are non-governmental.Dunk 11 – Frans G. von der Dunk, 2011, ~"The Origins of Authorisation: Article VI of the Outer Space Treaty and International Space Law," University of Nebraska~ Justin Removal efforts are complements to the plan not the silver bullet.Rada Popova 18, European Space Agency Project Co-Manager and PhD Faculty of Law @ Universitat zu Koln, "The Legal Framework for Space Debris Remediation as a Tool for Sustainability in Outer Space," Aerospace, MDPI, doi:10.3390/aerospace5020055 *adr = active debris removal, sdr = space debris remediation, OOS = on orbit servicing Exemptions destroy the coercive power of legal regimes – causes circumvention across the board.Hickman and Dolman 2 – John and Everett, 2002, Associate professor in the Department of Government and International Studies at Berry College in Mt. Berry, ~"Resurrecting the Space Age: A State–Centered Commentary on the Outer Space Regime," Volume 21 Number 1, https://doi.org/10.1080/014959302317350855~~ Elmer Recut Justin 1AC – Adv – Debris ~Long~The advantage is Debris –Privatization of space leads to unchecked debris.Muelhaupt et al. 19 – Theodore, Marlon Sorge, Jamie Morin, and Robert Wilson, 6/18/19, Center for Orbital and Reentry Debris Studies, Center for Space Policy and Strategy, The Aerospace Corporation, 30 year Space Systems Analyst and Operator, ~"Space traffic management in the new space era," Journal of Space Safety Engineering, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S246889671930045X?via3Dihub~~ Justin Feedback loops of technology cause increasing development and debris.Bernat 20 – Pawel, 2020, Military University of Aviation, ~"ORBITAL SATELLITE CONSTELLATIONS AND THE GROWING THREAT OF KESSLER SYNDROME IN THE LOWER EARTH ORBIT," SAFETY ENGINEERING OF ANTHROPOGENIC OBJECTS, Volume 4, PDF~ Justin Invisible tipping points trigger the Kessler Syndrome.Thompson 21 – Clive, 11/17/21, Clive Thompson is a contributing writer for the New York Times Magazine, a columnist for Wired and Smithsonian magazines, and a regular contributor to Mother Jones. He's the author of Coders: The Making of a New Tribe and the Remaking of the World, and Smarter Than You Think: How Technology is Changing our Minds for the Better. He's @pomeranian99 on Twitter and Instagram, ~"Get Ready for the "Kessler Syndrome" to Wreck Outer Space," OneZero, https://onezero.medium.com/get-ready-for-the-kessler-syndrome-to-wreck-outer-space-7f29cfe62c3e~~ Justin Privatization exponentially increases the curve but ending dangerous missions stops it.Bernat 20 – Pawel, 2020, Military University of Aviation, ~"ORBITAL SATELLITE CONSTELLATIONS AND THE GROWING THREAT OF KESSLER SYNDROME IN THE LOWER EARTH ORBIT," SAFETY ENGINEERING OF ANTHROPOGENIC OBJECTS, Volume 4, PDF~ Justin Models are rigorous and robust – inserted below.—-To clarify this is the methodology for above chart. Debris triggers miscalculated war.Peter Dockrill 16. Award-winning science and technology journalist. "Space Junk Accidents Could Trigger Armed Conflict, Study Finds." https://www.sciencealert.com/space-junk-accidents-could-trigger-armed-conflict-expert-warns. ====Goes nuclear.==== Convergence of factors guarantee space escalation.Thomas González Roberts 17. A space security researcher at the Center for Strategic and International Studies, and host of Moonstruck, a podcast about humans in space. "Why We Should Be Worried about a War in Space ," 12-15-2017. Atlantic, https://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2017/12/why-we-should-be-worried-about-a-war-in-space/548507/ Any nuclear war causes extinction – ice age and famine.Steven Starr 15 ~Director of the University of Missouri's Clinical Laboratory Science Program, as well as a senior scientist at the Physicians for Social Responsibility. He has worked with the Swiss, Chilean, and Swedish governments in support of their efforts at the United Nations to eliminate thousands of high-alert, launch-ready U.S. and Russian nuclear weapons. "Nuclear War: An Unrecognized Mass Extinction Event Waiting To Happen." Ratical. March 2015. https://ratical.org/radiation/NuclearExtinction/StevenStarr022815.html~~ TG Externally, acidification.Land et al 15 —- Phys.org, citing a study sanctioned by the University of Exeter by Peter E. Land, Jamie D. Shutler, Helen S. Findlay, Fanny Girard-Ardhuin, Roberto Sabia, Nicolas Reul, Jean-Francois Piolle, Bertrand Chapron, Yves Quilfen, Joseph Salisbury, Douglas Vandemark, Richard Bellerby, and Punyasloke Bhadury ("Satellite images reveal ocean acidification from space," 2-17-2015, https://phys.org/news/2015-02-satellite-images-reveal-ocean-acidification.html, accessed 8-24-2019) bm Extinction.Merchant 15 (Brian, Senior Editor, Motherboard at VICE Media, Inc. He's appeared on CNN, MSNBC, BBC World News, and NPR, VICE, April 9, 2015, http://motherboard.vice.com/read/the-last-time-our-oceans-got-this-acidic-it-drove-earths-greatest-extinction) | 1/14/22 |
JanFeb - AC - Debris v5Tournament: UH | Round: 2 | Opponent: Clear Springs WM | Judge: Isaiah Salgado 1AC – PlanPlan – The appropriation of outer space through the production of space debris by private entities is unjust.Revising the Outer Space Treaty curbs the impact of space debris – timeframe is crucial.Shah 20 – Sachin, 8/30/20, ~"Aug 30 The International Legal Regulation of Space Debris," CORNELL UNDERGRADUATE LAW and SOCIETY REVIEW, Administrative, Policy, Technology, https://www.culsr.org/articles/the-international-legal-regulation-of-space-debris~~ Justin Private entities are non-governmental.Dunk 11 – Frans G. von der Dunk, 2011, ~"The Origins of Authorisation: Article VI of the Outer Space Treaty and International Space Law," University of Nebraska~ Justin Removal efforts are complements to the plan not the silver bullet.Rada Popova 18, European Space Agency Project Co-Manager and PhD Faculty of Law @ Universitat zu Koln, "The Legal Framework for Space Debris Remediation as a Tool for Sustainability in Outer Space," Aerospace, MDPI, doi:10.3390/aerospace5020055 *adr = active debris removal, sdr = space debris remediation, OOS = on orbit servicing Exemptions destroy the coercive power of legal regimes – causes circumvention across the board.Hickman and Dolman 2 – John and Everett, 2002, Associate professor in the Department of Government and International Studies at Berry College in Mt. Berry, ~"Resurrecting the Space Age: A State–Centered Commentary on the Outer Space Regime," Volume 21 Number 1, https://doi.org/10.1080/014959302317350855~~ Elmer Recut Justin 1AC – Adv – Debris ~Long~The advantage is Debris –Privatization of space leads to unchecked debris.Muelhaupt et al. 19 – Theodore, Marlon Sorge, Jamie Morin, and Robert Wilson, 6/18/19, Center for Orbital and Reentry Debris Studies, Center for Space Policy and Strategy, The Aerospace Corporation, 30 year Space Systems Analyst and Operator, ~"Space traffic management in the new space era," Journal of Space Safety Engineering, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S246889671930045X?via3Dihub~~ Justin Feedback loops of technology cause increasing development and debris.Bernat 20 – Pawel, 2020, Military University of Aviation, ~"ORBITAL SATELLITE CONSTELLATIONS AND THE GROWING THREAT OF KESSLER SYNDROME IN THE LOWER EARTH ORBIT," SAFETY ENGINEERING OF ANTHROPOGENIC OBJECTS, Volume 4, PDF~ Justin Invisible tipping points trigger the Kessler Syndrome.Thompson 21 – Clive, 11/17/21, Clive Thompson is a contributing writer for the New York Times Magazine, a columnist for Wired and Smithsonian magazines, and a regular contributor to Mother Jones. He's the author of Coders: The Making of a New Tribe and the Remaking of the World, and Smarter Than You Think: How Technology is Changing our Minds for the Better. He's @pomeranian99 on Twitter and Instagram, ~"Get Ready for the "Kessler Syndrome" to Wreck Outer Space," OneZero, https://onezero.medium.com/get-ready-for-the-kessler-syndrome-to-wreck-outer-space-7f29cfe62c3e~~ Justin Privatization exponentially increases the curve but ending dangerous missions stops it.Bernat 20 – Pawel, 2020, Military University of Aviation, ~"ORBITAL SATELLITE CONSTELLATIONS AND THE GROWING THREAT OF KESSLER SYNDROME IN THE LOWER EARTH ORBIT," SAFETY ENGINEERING OF ANTHROPOGENIC OBJECTS, Volume 4, PDF~ Justin Models are rigorous and robust – inserted below.—-To clarify this is the methodology for above chart. Debris triggers miscalculated war.Peter Dockrill 16. Award-winning science and technology journalist. "Space Junk Accidents Could Trigger Armed Conflict, Study Finds." https://www.sciencealert.com/space-junk-accidents-could-trigger-armed-conflict-expert-warns. ====Goes nuclear.==== Convergence of factors guarantee space escalation.Thomas González Roberts 17. A space security researcher at the Center for Strategic and International Studies, and host of Moonstruck, a podcast about humans in space. "Why We Should Be Worried about a War in Space ," 12-15-2017. Atlantic, https://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2017/12/why-we-should-be-worried-about-a-war-in-space/548507/ Any nuclear war causes extinction – ice age and famine.Steven Starr 15 ~Director of the University of Missouri's Clinical Laboratory Science Program, as well as a senior scientist at the Physicians for Social Responsibility. He has worked with the Swiss, Chilean, and Swedish governments in support of their efforts at the United Nations to eliminate thousands of high-alert, launch-ready U.S. and Russian nuclear weapons. "Nuclear War: An Unrecognized Mass Extinction Event Waiting To Happen." Ratical. March 2015. https://ratical.org/radiation/NuclearExtinction/StevenStarr022815.html~~ TG Externally, acidification.Land et al 15 —- Phys.org, citing a study sanctioned by the University of Exeter by Peter E. Land, Jamie D. Shutler, Helen S. Findlay, Fanny Girard-Ardhuin, Roberto Sabia, Nicolas Reul, Jean-Francois Piolle, Bertrand Chapron, Yves Quilfen, Joseph Salisbury, Douglas Vandemark, Richard Bellerby, and Punyasloke Bhadury ("Satellite images reveal ocean acidification from space," 2-17-2015, https://phys.org/news/2015-02-satellite-images-reveal-ocean-acidification.html, accessed 8-24-2019) bm Extinction.Merchant 15 (Brian, Senior Editor, Motherboard at VICE Media, Inc. He's appeared on CNN, MSNBC, BBC World News, and NPR, VICE, April 9, 2015, http://motherboard.vice.com/read/the-last-time-our-oceans-got-this-acidic-it-drove-earths-greatest-extinction) | 1/19/22 |
JanFeb - AC - Debris v6Tournament: UH | Round: 3 | Opponent: Woodlands AH | Judge: Phoenix Pittman 1AC – PlanPlan – The appropriation of outer space through the production of space debris by private entities is unjust.Revising the Outer Space Treaty curbs the impact of space debris – timeframe is crucial.Shah 20 – Sachin, 8/30/20, ~"Aug 30 The International Legal Regulation of Space Debris," CORNELL UNDERGRADUATE LAW and SOCIETY REVIEW, Administrative, Policy, Technology, https://www.culsr.org/articles/the-international-legal-regulation-of-space-debris~~ Justin Private entities are non-governmental.Dunk 11 – Frans G. von der Dunk, 2011, ~"The Origins of Authorisation: Article VI of the Outer Space Treaty and International Space Law," University of Nebraska~ Justin Removal efforts are complements to the plan not the silver bullet.Rada Popova 18, European Space Agency Project Co-Manager and PhD Faculty of Law @ Universitat zu Koln, "The Legal Framework for Space Debris Remediation as a Tool for Sustainability in Outer Space," Aerospace, MDPI, doi:10.3390/aerospace5020055 *adr = active debris removal, sdr = space debris remediation, OOS = on orbit servicing Exemptions destroy the coercive power of legal regimes – causes circumvention across the board.Hickman and Dolman 2 – John and Everett, 2002, Associate professor in the Department of Government and International Studies at Berry College in Mt. Berry, ~"Resurrecting the Space Age: A State–Centered Commentary on the Outer Space Regime," Volume 21 Number 1, https://doi.org/10.1080/014959302317350855~~ Elmer Recut Justin 1AC – Adv – Debris ~Long~The advantage is Debris –Privatization of space leads to unchecked debris.Muelhaupt et al. 19 – Theodore, Marlon Sorge, Jamie Morin, and Robert Wilson, 6/18/19, Center for Orbital and Reentry Debris Studies, Center for Space Policy and Strategy, The Aerospace Corporation, 30 year Space Systems Analyst and Operator, ~"Space traffic management in the new space era," Journal of Space Safety Engineering, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S246889671930045X?via3Dihub~~ Justin Feedback loops of technology cause increasing development and debris.Bernat 20 – Pawel, 2020, Military University of Aviation, ~"ORBITAL SATELLITE CONSTELLATIONS AND THE GROWING THREAT OF KESSLER SYNDROME IN THE LOWER EARTH ORBIT," SAFETY ENGINEERING OF ANTHROPOGENIC OBJECTS, Volume 4, PDF~ Justin Invisible tipping points trigger the Kessler Syndrome.Thompson 21 – Clive, 11/17/21, Clive Thompson is a contributing writer for the New York Times Magazine, a columnist for Wired and Smithsonian magazines, and a regular contributor to Mother Jones. He's the author of Coders: The Making of a New Tribe and the Remaking of the World, and Smarter Than You Think: How Technology is Changing our Minds for the Better. He's @pomeranian99 on Twitter and Instagram, ~"Get Ready for the "Kessler Syndrome" to Wreck Outer Space," OneZero, https://onezero.medium.com/get-ready-for-the-kessler-syndrome-to-wreck-outer-space-7f29cfe62c3e~~ Justin Privatization exponentially increases the curve but ending dangerous missions stops it.Bernat 20 – Pawel, 2020, Military University of Aviation, ~"ORBITAL SATELLITE CONSTELLATIONS AND THE GROWING THREAT OF KESSLER SYNDROME IN THE LOWER EARTH ORBIT," SAFETY ENGINEERING OF ANTHROPOGENIC OBJECTS, Volume 4, PDF~ Justin Models are rigorous and robust – inserted below.—-To clarify this is the methodology for above chart. Debris triggers miscalculated war.Peter Dockrill 16. Award-winning science and technology journalist. "Space Junk Accidents Could Trigger Armed Conflict, Study Finds." https://www.sciencealert.com/space-junk-accidents-could-trigger-armed-conflict-expert-warns. ====Goes nuclear.==== Convergence of factors guarantee space escalation.Thomas González Roberts 17. A space security researcher at the Center for Strategic and International Studies, and host of Moonstruck, a podcast about humans in space. "Why We Should Be Worried about a War in Space ," 12-15-2017. Atlantic, https://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2017/12/why-we-should-be-worried-about-a-war-in-space/548507/ Any nuclear war causes extinction – ice age and famine.Steven Starr 15 ~Director of the University of Missouri's Clinical Laboratory Science Program, as well as a senior scientist at the Physicians for Social Responsibility. He has worked with the Swiss, Chilean, and Swedish governments in support of their efforts at the United Nations to eliminate thousands of high-alert, launch-ready U.S. and Russian nuclear weapons. "Nuclear War: An Unrecognized Mass Extinction Event Waiting To Happen." Ratical. March 2015. https://ratical.org/radiation/NuclearExtinction/StevenStarr022815.html~~ TG Externally, acidification.Land et al 15 —- Phys.org, citing a study sanctioned by the University of Exeter by Peter E. Land, Jamie D. Shutler, Helen S. Findlay, Fanny Girard-Ardhuin, Roberto Sabia, Nicolas Reul, Jean-Francois Piolle, Bertrand Chapron, Yves Quilfen, Joseph Salisbury, Douglas Vandemark, Richard Bellerby, and Punyasloke Bhadury ("Satellite images reveal ocean acidification from space," 2-17-2015, https://phys.org/news/2015-02-satellite-images-reveal-ocean-acidification.html, accessed 8-24-2019) bm Extinction.Merchant 15 (Brian, Senior Editor, Motherboard at VICE Media, Inc. He's appeared on CNN, MSNBC, BBC World News, and NPR, VICE, April 9, 2015, http://motherboard.vice.com/read/the-last-time-our-oceans-got-this-acidic-it-drove-earths-greatest-extinction) | 1/19/22 |
JanFeb - AC - Debris v7Tournament: UH | Round: 5 | Opponent: Sidwell SW | Judge: Reed Weiler 1AC – PlanPlan – The appropriation of outer space through the production of space debris by private entities is unjust.Revising the Outer Space Treaty curbs the impact of space debris – timeframe is crucial.Shah 20 – Sachin, 8/30/20, ~"Aug 30 The International Legal Regulation of Space Debris," CORNELL UNDERGRADUATE LAW and SOCIETY REVIEW, Administrative, Policy, Technology, https://www.culsr.org/articles/the-international-legal-regulation-of-space-debris~~ Justin Private entities are non-governmental.Dunk 11 – Frans G. von der Dunk, 2011, ~"The Origins of Authorisation: Article VI of the Outer Space Treaty and International Space Law," University of Nebraska~ Justin Exemptions destroy the coercive power of legal regimes – causes circumvention across the board.Hickman and Dolman 2 – John and Everett, 2002, Associate professor in the Department of Government and International Studies at Berry College in Mt. Berry, ~"Resurrecting the Space Age: A State–Centered Commentary on the Outer Space Regime," Volume 21 Number 1, https://doi.org/10.1080/014959302317350855~~ Elmer Recut Justin 1AC – AdvantageThe advantage is Debris:Privatization of space is unsustainable and increases debris – triggers the Kessler SyndromeThompson 21 – Clive, 11/17/21, Clive Thompson is a contributing writer for the New York Times Magazine, a columnist for Wired and Smithsonian magazines, and a regular contributor to Mother Jones. He's the author of Coders: The Making of a New Tribe and the Remaking of the World, and Smarter Than You Think: How Technology is Changing our Minds for the Better. He's @pomeranian99 on Twitter and Instagram, ~"Get Ready for the "Kessler Syndrome" to Wreck Outer Space," OneZero, https://onezero.medium.com/get-ready-for-the-kessler-syndrome-to-wreck-outer-space-7f29cfe62c3e~~ Justin Privatization exponentially increases the curve but ending dangerous missions prevents it.Bernat 20 – Pawel, 2020, Military University of Aviation, ~"ORBITAL SATELLITE CONSTELLATIONS AND THE GROWING THREAT OF KESSLER SYNDROME IN THE LOWER EARTH ORBIT," SAFETY ENGINEERING OF ANTHROPOGENIC OBJECTS, Volume 4, PDF~ Justin Debris causes nuclear war—-Noko, Iran, and China.Beauchamp 14 – Zack, 4/21/14, Zack Beauchamp is a senior correspondent at Vox, where he covers global politics and ideology, and a host of Worldly, Vox's podcast on foreign policy and international relations. His work focuses on the rise of the populist right across the West, the role of identity in American politics, and how fringe ideologies shape the mainstream. Before coming to Vox, he edited TP Ideas, a section of Think Progress devoted to the ideas shaping our political world. He has an MSc from the London School of Economics in International Relations and grew up in Washington, DC, where he currently lives with his wife, daughter, and two (rescue) dogs ~"How space trash could start a nuclear war," Vox, https://www.vox.com/2014/4/21/5625246/space-war-china-north-korea-iran~~ Justin *Brackets added for ableist language Any nuclear war causes extinction – ice age and famine.Steven Starr 15 ~Director of the University of Missouri's Clinical Laboratory Science Program, as well as a senior scientist at the Physicians for Social Responsibility. He has worked with the Swiss, Chilean, and Swedish governments in support of their efforts at the United Nations to eliminate thousands of high-alert, launch-ready U.S. and Russian nuclear weapons. "Nuclear War: An Unrecognized Mass Extinction Event Waiting To Happen." Ratical. March 2015. https://ratical.org/radiation/NuclearExtinction/StevenStarr022815.html~~ TG Shallow disavowals of the nation state creates a pessimism trap – this card ends the debate.Lightfoot 20—Associate professor in First Nations and Indigenous Studies and the Department of Political Science, University of British Columbia, Ojibwe (Sheryl, "The Pessimism Traps of Indigenous Resurgence," Pessimism in International Relations, Chapter 9, pp 162-170, SpringerLink, dml) | 1/19/22 |
JanFeb - AC - Debris v8Tournament: Emory | Round: 2 | Opponent: Millburn ST | Judge: Phoenix Pittman | 1/30/22 |
JanFeb - AC - Debris v9Tournament: Emory | Round: 4 | Opponent: Immaculate Heart JL | Judge: Tyler Wood | 2/12/22 |
JanFeb - AC - KantTournament: Palm Classic | Round: 4 | Opponent: Notre Dame AG | Judge: Jonathan Jeong | 2/13/22 |
JanFeb - AC - Kant v2Tournament: Palm Classic | Round: 6 | Opponent: Immaculate Heart JL | Judge: Shahina Chatur | 2/13/22 |
JanFeb - AC - Kant v3Tournament: Kandi King Round Robin | Round: 1 | Opponent: Harker AR | Judge: Phoenix Pittman, Jonathan Jeong 1AC – FWEthics must begin a priori~1~ Empirical Uncertainty – evil demon could deceive us and inability to know others make empiricism unreliable – outweighs – it's escapable since people could say they don't experience the same.~2~ Constitutive Authority – practical reason is the only unescapable authority because to ask why I should be a reasoner concedes it's authority since you're using reasoning.~3~ Naturalistic fallacy – experience only tells us what, not what ought to be. But it's impossible to derive an ought from descriptive premises.That justifies universality – a priori principles apply to everyone since they are independent of experience – any non-universalizable norm justifies the ability to impede on your end.Thus, the standard is consistency with the categorical imperative.Prefer:1~ Resource disparities—focusing on evidence and statistics privileges debaters with prep excluding lone-wolfs—a debater under my framework can win without prep—that's a pre requisite to debating.2~ only universalizable reason can effectively explain the perspectives of agents – that's the best method for combatting oppression.Farr 02 Arnold Farr (prof of phil @ UKentucky, focusing on German idealism, philosophy of race, postmodernism, psychoanalysis, and liberation philosophy). "Can a Philosophy of Race Afford to Abandon the Kantian Categorical Imperative?" JOURNAL of SOCIAL PHILOSOPHY, Vol. 33 No. 1, Spring 2002, 17–32. 3~ Actor specificity – governments use Kantian conceptions of the state.RIPSTEIN 15 Arthur Ripstein (Professor of Law and Philosophy at the University of Toronto). "Just War, Regular War, and Perpetual Peace" (2015). AS 7/16/15 1AC – PlanPlan – The appropriation of outer space through the production of space debris by private entities is unjust.Orbital debris isNASA.gov 21 ~NASA – 5/26/21. "Space Debris and Human Spacecraft." https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/station/news/orbital_debris.html~~ Justin The aff interprets enforcement as an OUF (Orbital Use Fee). Proportionality in relation to the space industry solves best without harming it and any other solution only worsens the threat – models.Rao et al 20. Akhil, Matthew Burgess, and Daniel Kaffine *Department of Economics, Middlebury College, Middlebury Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Environmental Studies Program, and Department of Economics *Department of Economics. 2020 ~PNAS, "Orbital-use fees could more than quadruple the value of the space industry," https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7293599/~~ Justin 1AC – OffenseCosmopolitan obligations prove Kant affirms.Walla 16 ~(Alice Pinheiro, Department of Philosophy at Trinity College Dublin) "Common Possession of the Earth and Cosmopolitan Right" Kant-Studien Volume 107 Issue 1, 2016~ TDI 1AC – Adv – DebrisThe space sector is trending towards privatization – that drives feedback loops of technology creating cascading collisions.BERNAT 20. Pawel @ Military University of Aviation. 11/4/20. ~SAFETY ENGINEERING OF ANTHROPOGENIC OBJECTS, "ORBITAL SATELLITE CONSTELLATIONS AND THE GROWING THREAT OF KESSLER SYNDROME IN THE LOWER EARTH ORBIT," Volume 4, PDF~ Justin Privatization exponentially increases debris – lack of regulations spikes it – models.BERNAT 20. Pawel @ Military University of Aviation. 11/4/20. ~SAFETY ENGINEERING OF ANTHROPOGENIC OBJECTS, "ORBITAL SATELLITE CONSTELLATIONS AND THE GROWING THREAT OF KESSLER SYNDROME IN THE LOWER EARTH ORBIT," Volume 4, PDF~ Justin Models are rigorous.Virgili et al. 16 – Bastida, J.C. Dolado, H.G. Lewis, J. Radtke, H. Krag, B. Revelin, C. Cazaux b , C. Colombo, R. Crowther, M. Metz. 4/26/16. ~Act Astranautica "Risk to space sustainability from large constellations of satellites," https://sci-hub.se/10.1016/j.actaastro.2016.03.034.~~ Justin Debris is exponentially increasing and current models underestimate the risk. The aff is our best shot making it try-or-die.Shen and Blake 2/24/22 ~Zili Shen, Internally citing James Blake * I am a Ph.D. student in Astronomy at Yale University. My research focuses on ultra-diffuse galaxies and their globular cluster populations. Since I came to Yale, I have worked on two "dark-matter-free" galaxies NGC1052-DF2 and DF4 Department of Physics and Centre for Space Domain Awareness, University of Warwick, Coventry. "How not to bury ourselves under space trash." astrobites. https://astrobites.org/2022/02/24/space-sustainability/~~ Justin Current regulatory guidelines fail – answers neg turns.Boley and Byers 21. Aaron Boley is at the Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada and Michael Byers is at the Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada. 5/20/21. ~Nature, "Satellite mega-constellations create risks in Low Earth Orbit, the atmosphere and on Earth," https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-021-89909-7~~ Justin Fragmentation leads to speedy debris – that's laws of physics.Aerospace.org n.d. ~As an independent, nonprofit corporation operating the only FFRDC for the space enterprise, The Aerospace Corporation performs objective technical analyses and assessments for a variety of government, civil, and commercial customers. "SPACE DEBRIS 101." AEROSPACE. https://aerospace.org/article/space-debris-101~~ Justin Rivalrous orbits create space conflict and turn good satellites.Samson 22 – Victoria Samson is the Washington office director for the Secure World Foundation, an organization that focuses on space sustainability, and she has over 20 years of experience in military space and security issues. Previously, Ms. Samson was a senior analyst for the Center for Defense Information. She also was a senior policy associate at the Coalition to Reduce Nuclear Dangers, a consortium of arms control groups. Earlier, she was a researcher at Riverside Research Institute, where she worked on war-gaming scenarios for the Missile Defense Agency. 1/17/22. ~Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, "The complicating role of the private sector in space," DOI: 10.1080/00963402.2021.2014229~ Justin Triggers space escalation and nuclear war.Perez 21 – Veronica Delgado-Perez is a Staff Writer at The International Scholar. 12/14/21 – Note, doesn't say date but most recent cited event is 2021, correct if I'm wrong. ~The International Scholar, "Argument | The Commercialization of Space Risks Launching a Militarized Space Race," https://www.theintlscholar.com/periodical/12/14/2020/analysis-commercialization-space-risk-international-law-military-space-race~~ Justin That destroys astronomical research AND creates a host of logistical problems.Blake 2/16/22 ~James Blake * Department of Physics and Centre for Space Domain Awareness, University of Warwick, Coventry. "Looking out for a sustainable space." Astronomy and Geophysics Journal. https://arxiv.org/pdf/2202.06994.pdf~~ Justin Astronomical research solves every existential threat.Harvard 17 ~Harvard and Smithsonian. No exact date but most recent image cited is from 2017. "How can astronomy improve life on earth?." Center for Astrophysics. https://www.cfa.harvard.edu/big-questions/how-can-astronomy-improve-life-earth~~ Justin Satellites are an impact multiplier – specifically solves the grid.Pellegrino and Stang 16. Massimo Pellegrino, Master's Degree in Space Studies from ISU, with Gerald Stang, Senior Associate Analyst at the EUISS, holds BSc and MSc degrees in chemical engineering from the University of Saskatchewan and an MA in international affairs from the School of International and Public Affairs at Columbia University ("Space Security for Europe", EU Institute for Security Studies, published July 2016, https://www.iss.europa.eu/content/space-security-europe, accessed 7-10-2019) bm Grid security is an impact filter.Denkenberger 21 ~David Denkenberger, Anders Sandberg, Ross John Tieman, and Joshua M. Pearce, * assistant professor of mechanical engineering at University of Alaska Fairbanks, "Long-term cost-effectiveness of interventions for loss of electricity/industry compared to artificial general intelligence safety," 2021, European Journal of Futures Research, Vol. 9, Issue 1, https://doi.org/10.1186/s40309-021-00178-z, EA~ Debris triggers miscalculated war.Robert Farley 22, Now a 1945 Contributing Editor, Dr. Robert Farley is a Senior Lecturer at the Patterson School at the University of Kentucky. Dr. Farley is the author of Grounded: The Case for Abolishing the United States Air Force (University Press of Kentucky, 2014), the Battleship Book (Wildside, 2016), and Patents for Power: Intellectual Property Law and the Diffusion of Military Technology (University of Chicago, 2020). 1/9/22. ~19 Fourty Five, "Does A Space War Mean A Nuclear War?," https://www.19fortyfive.com/2022/01/does-a-space-war-mean-a-nuclear-war/~~ Justin ====No checks on escalation.==== No limited nuclear wars – extinction.Webber 19 – Dr Philip Webber has written widely on nuclear issues and is Chair of Scientists for Global Responsibility (SGR) – a membership organisation promoting responsible science and technology. We will all end up killing each other and one nuclear blast could do it. 5/18/19. ~METRO.UK "We will all end up killing each other and one nuclear blast could do it," https://metro.co.uk/2019/05/18/we-will-all-end-up-killing-each-other-and-one-nuclear-blast-could-do-it-9370115/~~ Recut Justin | 3/25/22 |
JanFeb - AC - Kant v4Tournament: Kandi King Round Robin | Round: 5 | Opponent: Southlake Carroll PK | Judge: Abbey Chapman, Tyler Gamble Ethics must begin a priori~1~ Empirical Uncertainty – evil demon could deceive us and inability to know others make empiricism unreliable – outweighs – it's escapable since people could say they don't experience the same.~2~ Constitutive Authority – practical reason is the only unescapable authority because to ask why I should be a reasoner concedes it's authority since you're using reasoning.~3~ Naturalistic fallacy – experience only tells us what, not what ought to be. But it's impossible to derive an ought from descriptive premises.That justifies universality – a priori principles apply to everyone since they are independent of experience – any non-universalizable norm justifies the ability to impede on your end.Thus, the standard is consistency with the categorical imperative.Prefer:1~ TJFS for Non-extinction intent based frameworks - A~ Inclusion- autonomy is a procedural for allowing any argumentation in the debate space which controls the internal link to inclusion which is an impact multiplier B~ Resource Disparities- Discursive frameworks ensure big squads don't have a comparative advantage since debates become about quality of arguments rather than quantity and require a higher level of analytic thinking that small schools have.2~ only universalizable reason can effectively explain the perspectives of agents – that's the best method for combatting oppression.Farr 02 Arnold Farr (prof of phil @ UKentucky, focusing on German idealism, philosophy of race, postmodernism, psychoanalysis, and liberation philosophy). "Can a Philosophy of Race Afford to Abandon the Kantian Categorical Imperative?" JOURNAL of SOCIAL PHILOSOPHY, Vol. 33 No. 1, Spring 2002, 17–32. 3~ Actor specificity – governments use Kantian conceptions of the state.RIPSTEIN 15 Arthur Ripstein (Professor of Law and Philosophy at the University of Toronto). "Just War, Regular War, and Perpetual Peace" (2015). AS 7/16/15 4~ Consequences Fail: a~ butterfly effect—every action has infinite stemming consequences so we can't predict. b~ induction is circular because it relies on inductive reasoning based on observation of events. c~ action theory—only intents unify action because we commit the end point—but consequences cannot determine what step of action is moral d~ act/omission distinction—there are infinite events occurring over which you have no control, so you can never be moral1AC – PlanPlan – The appropriation of outer space through the production of space debris by private entities is unjust.Resolved is defined as firm in purpose or intent; determined and I'm determined.Orbital debris isNASA.gov 21 ~NASA – 5/26/21. "Space Debris and Human Spacecraft." https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/station/news/orbital_debris.html~~ Justin The aff interprets enforcement as an OUF (Orbital Use Fee). Proportionality in relation to the space industry solves best without harming it and any other solution only worsens the threat – models.Rao et al 20. Akhil, Matthew Burgess, and Daniel Kaffine *Department of Economics, Middlebury College, Middlebury Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Environmental Studies Program, and Department of Economics *Department of Economics. 2020 ~PNAS, "Orbital-use fees could more than quadruple the value of the space industry," https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7293599/~~ Justin 1AC – OffenseCosmopolitan obligations prove Kant affirms.Walla 16 ~(Alice Pinheiro, Department of Philosophy at Trinity College Dublin) "Common Possession of the Earth and Cosmopolitan Right" Kant-Studien Volume 107 Issue 1, 2016~ TDI | 3/28/22 |
JanFeb - AC - Kant v5Tournament: Kandi King Round Robin | Round: Semis | Opponent: Sage MP | Judge: Truman Le, Tyler Gamble, Abbey Chapman Ethics must begin a priori:~1~ Naturalistic fallacy—experience only tells us what is, not what ought to be. However, it's impossible to derive an obligation from descriptive premises, so there needs to be a priori premises. The alternative is relativism—you can't measure something constantly changing with a ruler.~2~ Empirical uncertainty—evil demon could deceive us, dreaming, simulation, and inability to know others' experience make empiricism unreliable. Outweighs on bindingness since people can say they don't experience the same.~3~ Constitutive Authority—practical reason is unescapable since to ask why we should be reasoners concedes its authority by using reason – anything else is nonbinding and arbitrary.~4~ Action theory—only evaluating action through reason solves since it evaluates intent, otherwise we could infinitely divide actions. Only our intention unifies actions – otherwise, we could never classify certain actions as moral since those actions would be infinitely divisible.That means we universally will maxims—any non-universalizable norm justifies someone's ability to impede on your ends.Thus, the standard is consistency with the categorical imperative.Prefer:1~ TJFS for Non-extinction intent based frameworks - A~ Inclusion- autonomy is a procedural for allowing any argumentation in the debate space which controls the internal link to inclusion which is an impact multiplier B~ Resource Disparities- Discursive frameworks ensure big squads don't have a comparative advantage since debates become about quality of arguments rather than quantity and require a higher level of analytic thinking that small schools have.2~ only universalizable reason can effectively explain the perspectives of agents – that's the best method for combatting oppression.Farr 02 Arnold Farr (prof of phil @ UKentucky, focusing on German idealism, philosophy of race, postmodernism, psychoanalysis, and liberation philosophy). "Can a Philosophy of Race Afford to Abandon the Kantian Categorical Imperative?" JOURNAL of SOCIAL PHILOSOPHY, Vol. 33 No. 1, Spring 2002, 17–32. 3~ Actor specificity – governments use Kantian conceptions of the state.RIPSTEIN 15 Arthur Ripstein (Professor of Law and Philosophy at the University of Toronto). "Just War, Regular War, and Perpetual Peace" (2015). AS 7/16/15 4~ Consequences fail- A~ They judge actions after they occur which fails guidance B~ Butterfly effect- every action has infinite consequences because every consequence can cause another C~ Probability doesn't solve because it relies on inductive knowledge, but induction from past events can't lead to deduction of future events and it assumes causation, but we can't assume every act was actually the cause D~ Aggregation fails- there's no arbiter of consequences because ten headaches don't make a migraine5~ There is no objective reality – different worlds can exist at the same time and the aff is logical in one which is sufficient.MIT '19 (Emerging Technology from the arXiv archive page; Covers latest ideas from blog post about arXiv; 03/12/2019; "Emerging Technology from the arXiv archive page"; https://www.technologyreview.com/2019/03/12/136684/a-quantum-experiment-suggests-theres-no-such-thing-as-objective-reality/; MIT Technology Review; accessed: 11/19/2020; MohulA) 1AC – PlanPlan – The appropriation of outer space through the production of space debris by private entities is unjust.Resolved is defined as firm in purpose or intent; determined and I'm determined.Affirm is defined as : to show or express a strong belief in or dedication to (something, such as an important idea) and I strongly believe in my aff.https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/affirm Orbital debris isNASA.gov 21 ~NASA – 5/26/21. "Space Debris and Human Spacecraft." https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/station/news/orbital_debris.html~~ Justin The aff interprets enforcement as an OUF (Orbital Use Fee). Proportionality in relation to the space industry solves best without harming it and any other solution only worsens the threat – models.Rao et al 20. Akhil, Matthew Burgess, and Daniel Kaffine *Department of Economics, Middlebury College, Middlebury Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Environmental Studies Program, and Department of Economics *Department of Economics. 2020 ~PNAS, "Orbital-use fees could more than quadruple the value of the space industry," https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7293599/~~ Justin 1AC – OffenseCosmopolitan obligations prove Kant affirms.Walla 16 ~(Alice Pinheiro, Department of Philosophy at Trinity College Dublin) "Common Possession of the Earth and Cosmopolitan Right" Kant-Studien Volume 107 Issue 1, 2016~ TDI | 3/28/22 |
MarApr - AC - KantTournament: TFA State | Round: 1 | Opponent: Clements CY | Judge: Alexander Yoakum Ethics must begin a priori~A~ Empirical Uncertainty – evil demon could deceive us and inability to know others experience make empiricism an unreliable basis for universal ethics. Outweighs since it would be escapable since people could say they don't experience the same.~B~ Constitutive Authority – the meta-ethic is bindingness. Practical reason is the only unescapable authority because to ask why I should be a reasoner concedes it's authority since you're actively reasoning.~C~ Naturalistic fallacy – experience only tells us what is, not what ought to be. It's impossible to derive an ought from descriptive premises, so there needs to be additional a priori premises to make a moral theory.~D~ Principle of explosion is true. Either the aff is winning OR they get the ballot.Wikiwand. "Principle of Explosion." Wikiwand, 0AD, www.wikiwand.com/en/Principle_of_explosion. Massa ~E~ No objective reality.MIT '19 (Emerging Technology from the arXiv archive page; Covers latest ideas from blog post about arXiv; 03/12/2019; "Emerging Technology from the arXiv archive page"; https://www.technologyreview.com/2019/03/12/136684/a-quantum-experiment-suggests-theres-no-such-thing-as-objective-reality/; MIT Technology Review; accessed: 11/19/2020; MohulA) Means action under one framework doesn't preclude another. I can still have an obligation under the categorical imperative, even if the aff is bad under Hobbes so framing issues don't exclude the offense.a priori principles apply to everyone since they are independent of human experience and any non-universalizable norm justifies someone's ability to impede on your ends – justifies universality.Additionally:~A~ resource disparities—focusing on evidence and statistics privileges debaters with the most preround prep excluding lone-wolfs. A debater under my framework can easily be won without any prep since minimal evidence is required. That is a pre-req to debating is access to the activity.~B~ only universalizable reason can effectively explain the perspectives of agents – that's the best method for combatting oppression.Farr 02 Arnold Farr (prof of phil @ UKentucky, focusing on German idealism, philosophy of race, postmodernism, psychoanalysis, and liberation philosophy). "Can a Philosophy of Race Afford to Abandon the Kantian Categorical Imperative?" JOURNAL of SOCIAL PHILOSOPHY, Vol. 33 No. 1, Spring 2002, 17–32. ~C~ The rules of logic claim that the only time a statement is invalid is if the antecedent is true, but the consequent is false.SEP ~Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy.~ "An Introduction to Philosophy." Stanford University. https://web.stanford.edu/~~bobonich/dictionary/dictionary.html TG Massa Neg a priori's affirm – denying the assumptions of a statement proves it valid – the aff is a set of conditionals since the offense being true relies on the framework b) if the aff is winning, they get the ballot is a tacit ballot conditional which means denying the premise proves the conclusion that I should get the ballotThus, the standard is consistency with the categorical imperative.~1~ Consequences Fail: a~ butterfly effect—every action has infinite stemming consequences so we can't predict. b~ induction is circular because it relies on inductive reasoning based on observation of events. c~ action theory—only intents unify action because we commit the end point—but consequences cannot determine what step of action is moral d~ act/omission distinction—there are infinite events occurring over which you have no control, so you can never be moral~2~ ASPEC—JOURNALISTS CAN'T USE UTIL, PREFER DUTY BASED ETHICSChristians 7 Christians, Clifford (Research Professor of Comunications, Professor of Journalism and Professor of Media Studies Emeritus at the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign) "Utilitarianism in media ethics and its discontents." Journal of Mass Media Ethics 22.2-3 (2007): 113-131. ~3~ There are infinite worlds, the aff is logical in one which is sufficient.Vaidman 2 Vaidman, Lev, 3-24-2002, "Many-Worlds Interpretation of Quantum Mechanics (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy)," No Publication, https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/qm-manyworlds/ In a democracy, a free press ought to prioritize objectivity over advocacy.1AC – Offense~1~ Under the categorical imperative, objectivity must always be prioritized because anything else is a contradiction in conception of lying, if a lie were universalized then there would no longer be a conception of truth. This makes objectivity the highest layer that always comes first, even if you are advocating.~2~ Any claim that advocacy is constitutive to a free press is impermissible because the function of media is to report information—the constitutive purpose of the media is objective presentation of information because citizens have a right to be informed.Klein 20 ~Ian Klein, J.D. Candidate at the Texas AandM University School of Law, 2020, "Enemy of the People: The Ghost of the F.C.C. Fairness Doctrine in the Age of Alternative Facts." Hastings Communications and Entertainment Law Journal, https://repository.uchastings.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1809andcontext=hastings_comm_ent_law_journal~~/Kankee That affirms: if we all necessarily want our rights enforced and freedoms respected, we all necessarily agree to carry the responsibilities as well as the rights and privileges of citizenship to ensure the government can accurately act as a collective agentKorsgaard 18 ~The Claims of Animals and the Needs of Strangers: Two Cases of Imperfect Right. The Journal of Practical EthicsVolume 6, No. 1, June 2018. OPEN ACCESS. http://www.jpe.ox.ac.uk/papers/the-claims-of-animals-and-the-needs-of-strangers-two-cases-of-imperfect-right/~~ SJ AME ~4~ Advocacy is premised off of making somebody do something for you which violates the categorical imperative because you're using someone as a means to an end. | 3/10/22 |
MarApr - AC - PolandTournament: TFA State | Round: 4 | Opponent: Dulles TY | Judge: Phoenix Pittman | 3/11/22 |
MarApr - AC - Poland v2Tournament: TFA State | Round: 5 | Opponent: Claudia Taylor AP | Judge: Holden Bukowsky | 3/11/22 |
NovDec - AC - CourtsTournament: Blue Key | Round: 4 | Opponent: Prospect ST | Judge: Curtis Chang | 10/30/21 |
NovDec - AC - Courts v2Tournament: Blue Key | Round: Doubles | Opponent: Monta Vista RD | Judge: Morris, Berhe, DeConcini | 10/31/21 |
NovDec - AC - Courts v3Tournament: Apple Valley | Round: 1 | Opponent: Edina NK | Judge: Eric Melin | 11/6/21 |
NovDec - AC - Courts v4Tournament: Apple Valley | Round: 5 | Opponent: Walt Whitman EY | Judge: Lukas Krause | 11/7/21 |
NovDec - AC - Courts v5Tournament: Apple Valley | Round: Doubles | Opponent: Bergen County Academies AK | Judge: Kuffour, Stanley, Khattak | 11/8/21 |
NovDec - AC - Courts v6Tournament: Apple Valley | Round: Octas | Opponent: Mission San Jose SS | Judge: Chen, Evans, Kondapi | 11/8/21 |
NovDec - AC - Courts v7Tournament: Apple Valley | Round: Finals | Opponent: Prospect ST | Judge: Bathily, Zhou, Wu | 11/8/21 |
NovDec - AC - Courts v8Tournament: Longhorn Classic | Round: Doubles | Opponent: Plano East NGo | Judge: Zara Inam, Brett Cryan, Nandak Dhurjati 1AC – Adv – Customary International LawThe right to strike is Customary International Law, but the US fails to meet opinio juris standards. Perception of US insufficiency breeds uncertainty with confidence in international law and spirals into noncompliance – that causes a legitimacy crisis. No alt causes to legitimacy – FOA is central to the ILO and the biggest internal link.Brudney 21 ~James; 2/8/21; Joseph Crowley Chair in Labor and Employment Law, Fordham Law School; "The Right to Strike as Customary International Law," THE YALE JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL LAW, Vol 46, https://digitalcommons.law.yale.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1710andcontext=yjil~~ Justin Brackets in original That prevents harmonization of norms and throws the functioning of international institutions into question – prefer empirics.Seifert 21 ~Achim; 2021; Full Professor of Private Law, German and European Labor Law and Comparative Law at the University of Jena (since 2011). He holds both German State Exams in Law and a PhD of the Johann-Wolfgang-Goethe-University of Frankfurt (1998). After his Habilitation ~Post-Doc~ in 2006 at the University of Frankfurt and several short-term Replacements at the Universities of Frankfurt and Trier (2006-2008), he became an Associate Professor of European and International Labor Law at the University of Luxembourg (2008). His main fields of interest are the Labor Law of the European Union and Comparative Labor Law, including the methodology of Comparative Law. Achim SEIFERT serves as co-editor of the Comparative Labor Law and Policy Journal (CLLPJ) and is a member of the editorial board of the European Labour Law Journal (ELLJ) as well as of the Revue de droit comparé du travail et de la sécurité sociale (RDCTSS). He is an associated member of the International Academy of Comparative Law (since 2013) and fellow of the European Law Institute (ELI) (since 2014); furthermore he has been member of the Jean-Monnet-Centre of Excellence at the University of Jena (2013-2016). He has been visiting Professor at the Universities of Bordeaux, Nantes, Paris 1 (Panthéon-Sorbonne), Luigi Bocconi/Milan and Leuven (Global Law Programme) and has taught as adjunct professor at the University of Luxembourg between 2011 and 2016; "Book Review," European Labour Law Journal, https://sci-hub.se/https://doi.org/10.1177/2031952521994412~~ Justin Scenario one is SDG:Harmonizing international labor standards are key to Sustainable Development Goals – compliance is key.ILO 15 ~International Labor Organization; The International Labour Organization is a United Nations agency whose mandate is to advance social and economic justice through setting international labour standards. Founded in October 1919 under the League of Nations, it is the first and oldest specialised agency of the UN; "The benefits of International Labour Standards," No date stated but most recent event cited is 2015, https://www.ilo.org/global/standards/introduction-to-international-labour-standards/the-benefits-of-international-labour-standards/lang—en/index.htm~ Justin That's key to head off a laundry list of interacting catastrophic risks, the combination of which causes extinction and amplifies every other threat.Tom Cernev and Richard Fenner 20, Australian National University; Centre for Sustainable Development, Cambridge University Engineering Department, "The importance of achieving foundational Sustainable Development Goals in reducing global risk," Futures, Vol. 115, January 2020, Elsevier. Recut Justin Weak states are existential. Err AFF to account for non-linearity and unpredictable cascades.Hanna Samir Kassab 17. Visiting Assistant Professor of Political Science at Northern Michigan University, Prioritization Theory and Defensive Foreign Policy. Springer International Publishing, 2017. CrossRef, doi:10.1007/978-3-319-48018-3. Re-Cut Justin Prefer governance strategies broadly rather than focus on one-shot impacts.Sean 17 – Seán Ó hÉigeartaigh, Professor @ Cambridge, PhD in Genomics from Trinity College Dublin (Sean, "Technological Wild Cards: Existential Risk and a Changing Humanity", https://www.bbvaopenmind.com/en/articles/technological-wild-cards-existential-risk-and-a-changing-humanity/)// gcd Recut Justin Sustainable development goals are sustainable – neg authors are hacks.LaFortune et al 10/26 ~Guillaume, Jeffrey, and Guido; 10/26/20; Guillaume Lafortune works for the Sustainable Development Solutions Networks and co-author the annual Sustainable Development Report. Jeffrey Sachs is the director of the Earth Institute at Columbia University. Guido Schmidt-Traub works for the Sustainable Development Solutions Networks and co-authors the annual Sustainable Development Report; "It's Called the Sustainable Development Goals Index for a Reason," Foreign Policy, https://foreignpolicy.com/2020/10/26/its-called-the-sustainable-development-goals-index-for-a-reason/~~ Justin Scenario two is climate change:Opinio juris compliance with Customary International Law key to legitimacy – that determines our ability to solve environmental crises.Meissner 15 ~Lisa; Vol: 5/1/2015; Associate Attorney with Hobbs Straus Dean and Walker, LLP, an Indian law firm located in Washington, DC. My primary practice areas are education, healthcare, natural resources/environmental law, and lands issues. I am licensed to practice in Washington State and Washington, DC. I am also a proud member of the Fighting Irish and the Golden Eagles - holding my Juris Doctor from the University of Notre Dame and my Bachelor's degrees from Marque0074te University; "Saving the Paper Tiger: Biodiversity as an Irreplaceable Element of Our Common Cultural Heritage," Notre Dame Journal of International and Comparative Law, Volume 5, Issue 1, https://scholarship.law.nd.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1034andcontext=ndjicl~~ Justin Extinction – contrary models are incorrect.Specktor 19 ~Brandon; 6/4/19; Writes about the science of everyday life for Live Science, and previously for Reader's Digest magazine, where he served as an editor for five years; "Human Civilization Will Crumble by 2050 If We Don't Stop Climate Change Now, New Paper Claims," livescience, https://www.livescience.com/65633-climate-change-dooms-humans-by-2050.html~~ Justin 1AC – PlanPlan text: The United States of America ought to recognize an unconditional right of workers to strike.Courts are normal means and can enforce the right to strike as Customary International Law.Brudney 21 ~James; 2/8/21; Joseph Crowley Chair in Labor and Employment Law, Fordham Law School; "The Right to Strike as Customary International Law," THE YALE JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL LAW, Vol 46, https://digitalcommons.law.yale.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1710andcontext=yjil~~ Justin Brackets in original Current laws are ambiguous and there is Cause of Action.Brudney 21 ~James; 2/8/21; Joseph Crowley Chair in Labor and Employment Law, Fordham Law School; "The Right to Strike as Customary International Law," THE YALE JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL LAW, Vol 46, https://digitalcommons.law.yale.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1710andcontext=yjil~~ Justin Brackets in original Unconditional means preventing from adding additional exceptions to international law.Chow and Schoenbaum 17 ~Daniel Chow and Thomas Schoenbaum; 2017; Professor Chow served as a law clerk to the Honorable Constance Baker Motley, chief judge for the Southern District of New York, following graduation from law school, and then became an associate with Debevoise and Plimpton in New York. He came to Ohio State in 1985 and teaches International Law, International Transactions, Jurisprudence, Asian Law, and Property. He is a member of Phi Beta Kappa, Thomas J. Schoenbaum is presently the Harold S. Shefelman Professor of Law at the University of Washington in Seattle. He received his Juris Doctor degree from the University of Michigan and his PhD degree from Gonville and Caius College, University of Cambridge (UK). He is also Research Professor of Law at George Washington University in Washington DC. He is a practicing lawyer, admitted in several U.S. states and before the Bar of the Supreme Court of the United States. He has been a professor at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and was Associate Dean at Tulane University in New Orleans, "International Trade Law: Problems, Cases, and Materials," Aspen Casebook Study~ Justin
Reject "strikes bad" offense – the aff increases agreements, while decreasing strikes.CHRIS WHITE 08, Chris White has a Law/Arts degree from the University of Adelaide in South Australia. He was Industrial Officer for the Australian Workers Union and the Liquor Hospitality and Miscellaneous Workers Union. He was for 17 years an elected official of the United Trades and Labor Council of South Australia, the last period as Secretary. He now lives in Canberra, capital of Australia, researches labour law, does part-time work for unions and sessional tutoring in Politics at the Australian National University. See posts on the right to strike on his blog, http://chriswhiteonline.org June 2009, ("FIREWALLING THE RIGHT TO STRIKE IN AUSTRALIA?," 10 November, 2008, PDF) Justin 1AC – FramingThe standard is maximizing expected wellbeing.1~ Actor spec—governments must use util because they don't have intentions and are constantly dealing with tradeoffs—outweighs since different agents have different obligations—takes out calc indicts since they are empirically denied.2~ Death is bad and outweighs – a~ agents can't act if they fear for their bodily security which constrains every ethical theory, b~ it destroys the subject itself – kills any ability to achieve value in ethics since life is a prerequisite which means it's a side constraint since we can't reach the end goal of ethics without life3~ Pleasure and pain are the starting point for moral reasoning—they're our most baseline desires and the only things that explain the intrinsic value of objects or actionsMoen 16, Ole Martin (PhD, Research Fellow in Philosophy at University of Oslo). "An Argument for Hedonism." Journal of Value Inquiry 50.2 (2016): 267. Impact calc – extinction outweighs:A~ Structural violence- death causes suffering because people can't get access to resources and basic necessitiesB~ Objectivity- body count is the most objective way to calculate impacts because comparing suffering is unethicalC~ Mathematically outweighs.MacAskill 14 ~William, Oxford Philosopher and youngest tenured philosopher in the world, Normative Uncertainty, 2014~ 1AC – Underview1AR theory is legit – anything else means infinite abuse – drop the debater, competing interps, and the highest layer – 1AR are too short to make up for the time trade-off – no RVIs – 6 min 2NR means they can brute force me every time. | 12/5/21 |
NovDec - AC - PettitTournament: Blue Key | Round: 2 | Opponent: Southlake Carroll SD | Judge: Samantha McLoughlin | 10/30/21 |
NovDec - AC - Pettit v2Tournament: Apple Valley | Round: 3 | Opponent: Monta Vista KR | Judge: Patrick Fox | 11/6/21 |
NovDec - AC - Pettit v3Tournament: Longhorn Classic | Round: 3 | Opponent: Immaculate Heart BC | Judge: ERIC SCHWERDTFEGER | 12/4/21 |
NovDec - AC - Pettit v4Tournament: Longhorn Classic | Round: 6 | Opponent: Sage MP | Judge: Jack Quisenberry 1AC R6 UT1ACFWAny evaluation presupposes the unconditional worth of humanity because when agents pursue any end, all value placed upon an object is contingent upon the agent. For example a pencil is only valuable so long as it can write. Agents have unconditional value because they possess the ability to confer value.That justifies universalizable ends – a priori principles like reason apply to everyone since they are independent of human experience and any non-universalizable norm justifies the ability to impede on your ends.There are two models of freedom—the non-interference and non-domination. Non-interference holds someone's freedom is violated if they are actually interfered, whereas non-domination holds that freedom is violated if someone has the capacity to interfere. For example, a slave with a benevolent master would be unfree under freedom as non-domination because their master has the capacity to interfere arbitrarily.Prefer the non-domination model: Non-domination is the only notion of freedom that can apply to state actors.
Additionally Prefer:1~ Consequences Fail:A~ Butterfly effect- every action has infinite consequences because every consequence can cause anotherB~ Induction is circular because it assumes nature will hold uniform and we could only determine that through inductionC~ Action theory- every action is infinitely divisible, only intents unify because we commit the end point of an actionD~ Naturalistic fallacy- experience only tells us what is, not what ought to be, but it's impossible to derive an ought from descriptive premises so there needs to be a priori premises.2~ Only universalizable reason can effectively explain the perspectives of agents – that's the best method for combatting oppression.Farr 02 Arnold Farr (prof of phil @ UKentucky, focusing on German idealism, philosophy of race, postmodernism, psychoanalysis, and liberation philosophy). "Can a Philosophy of Race Afford to Abandon the Kantian Categorical Imperative?" JOURNAL of SOCIAL PHILOSOPHY, Vol. 33 No. 1, Spring 2002, 17–32. 3~ Willing to abide by their ethical theory presupposes we have freedom in the first place. Thus, making an argument for another standard concedes the authority to mine.4~ Resource disparities—focusing on evidence privileges debaters with the most prep excluding lone-wolfs. A debater under my framework can easily be won without any prep since minimal evidence is required. That pre-req to accessing the activity.Thus, the standard is consistency with universality as non-domination.PlanPlan text: The United States of America ought to recognize an unconditional right of workers to strike.Courts are normal means and can enforce the right to strike as Customary International Law.Brudney 21 ~James; 2/8/21; Joseph Crowley Chair in Labor and Employment Law, Fordham Law School; "The Right to Strike as Customary International Law," THE YALE JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL LAW, Vol 46, https://digitalcommons.law.yale.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1710andcontext=yjil~~ Justin Brackets in original Current laws are ambiguous and there is Cause of Action.Brudney 21 ~James; 2/8/21; Joseph Crowley Chair in Labor and Employment Law, Fordham Law School; "The Right to Strike as Customary International Law," THE YALE JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL LAW, Vol 46, https://digitalcommons.law.yale.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1710andcontext=yjil~~ Justin Brackets in original Unconditional means preventing from adding additional exceptions to international law.Chow and Schoenbaum 17 ~Daniel Chow and Thomas Schoenbaum; 2017; Professor Chow served as a law clerk to the Honorable Constance Baker Motley, chief judge for the Southern District of New York, following graduation from law school, and then became an associate with Debevoise and Plimpton in New York. He came to Ohio State in 1985 and teaches International Law, International Transactions, Jurisprudence, Asian Law, and Property. He is a member of Phi Beta Kappa, Thomas J. Schoenbaum is presently the Harold S. Shefelman Professor of Law at the University of Washington in Seattle. He received his Juris Doctor degree from the University of Michigan and his PhD degree from Gonville and Caius College, University of Cambridge (UK). He is also Research Professor of Law at George Washington University in Washington DC. He is a practicing lawyer, admitted in several U.S. states and before the Bar of the Supreme Court of the United States. He has been a professor at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and was Associate Dean at Tulane University in New Orleans, "International Trade Law: Problems, Cases, and Materials," Aspen Casebook Study~ Justin
Reject "strikes bad" offense – the aff increases agreements, while decreasing strikes.CHRIS WHITE 08, Chris White has a Law/Arts degree from the University of Adelaide in South Australia. He was Industrial Officer for the Australian Workers Union and the Liquor Hospitality and Miscellaneous Workers Union. He was for 17 years an elected official of the United Trades and Labor Council of South Australia, the last period as Secretary. He now lives in Canberra, capital of Australia, researches labour law, does part-time work for unions and sessional tutoring in Politics at the Australian National University. See posts on the right to strike on his blog, http://chriswhiteonline.org June 2009, ("FIREWALLING THE RIGHT TO STRIKE IN AUSTRALIA?," 10 November, 2008, PDF) Justin ContentionRecognizing the right to strike would transform dominating power structures.Lazar 20 ~Orlando; 10/6/20; St. Edmund Hall and Balliol College, University of Oxford; "Work, Domination, and the False Hope of Universal Basic Income," https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11158-020-09487-9~~ Justin AdvantageThe right to strike is Customary International Law, but the US fails to meet opinio juris standards. Perception of US insufficiency breeds uncertainty with confidence in international law and spirals into noncompliance – that causes a legitimacy crisis. No alt causes to legitimacy – FOA is central to the ILO and the biggest internal link.Brudney 21 ~James; 2/8/21; Joseph Crowley Chair in Labor and Employment Law, Fordham Law School; "The Right to Strike as Customary International Law," THE YALE JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL LAW, Vol 46, https://digitalcommons.law.yale.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1710andcontext=yjil~~ Justin Brackets in original That prevents harmonization of norms and throws the functioning of international institutions into question – prefer empirics.Seifert 21 ~Achim; 2021; Full Professor of Private Law, German and European Labor Law and Comparative Law at the University of Jena (since 2011). He holds both German State Exams in Law and a PhD of the Johann-Wolfgang-Goethe-University of Frankfurt (1998). After his Habilitation ~Post-Doc~ in 2006 at the University of Frankfurt and several short-term Replacements at the Universities of Frankfurt and Trier (2006-2008), he became an Associate Professor of European and International Labor Law at the University of Luxembourg (2008). His main fields of interest are the Labor Law of the European Union and Comparative Labor Law, including the methodology of Comparative Law. Achim SEIFERT serves as co-editor of the Comparative Labor Law and Policy Journal (CLLPJ) and is a member of the editorial board of the European Labour Law Journal (ELLJ) as well as of the Revue de droit comparé du travail et de la sécurité sociale (RDCTSS). He is an associated member of the International Academy of Comparative Law (since 2013) and fellow of the European Law Institute (ELI) (since 2014); furthermore he has been member of the Jean-Monnet-Centre of Excellence at the University of Jena (2013-2016). He has been visiting Professor at the Universities of Bordeaux, Nantes, Paris 1 (Panthéon-Sorbonne), Luigi Bocconi/Milan and Leuven (Global Law Programme) and has taught as adjunct professor at the University of Luxembourg between 2011 and 2016; "Book Review," European Labour Law Journal, https://sci-hub.se/https://doi.org/10.1177/2031952521994412~~ Justin Scenario 1 is SDGs –Harmonizing international labor standards are key to Sustainable Development Goals – compliance is key.ILO 15 ~International Labor Organization; The International Labour Organization is a United Nations agency whose mandate is to advance social and economic justice through setting international labour standards. Founded in October 1919 under the League of Nations, it is the first and oldest specialised agency of the UN; "The benefits of International Labour Standards," No date stated but most recent event cited is 2015, https://www.ilo.org/global/standards/introduction-to-international-labour-standards/the-benefits-of-international-labour-standards/lang—en/index.htm~ Justin That's key to head off a laundry list of interacting catastrophic risks, the combination of which causes extinction and amplifies every other threat.Tom Cernev and Richard Fenner 20, Australian National University; Centre for Sustainable Development, Cambridge University Engineering Department, "The importance of achieving foundational Sustainable Development Goals in reducing global risk," Futures, Vol. 115, January 2020, Elsevier. Recut Justin Weak states are existential. Err AFF to account for non-linearity and unpredictable cascades.Hanna Samir Kassab 17. Visiting Assistant Professor of Political Science at Northern Michigan University, Prioritization Theory and Defensive Foreign Policy. Springer International Publishing, 2017. CrossRef, doi:10.1007/978-3-319-48018-3. Re-Cut Justin Prefer governance strategies broadly rather than focus on one-shot impacts.Sean 17 – Seán Ó hÉigeartaigh, Professor @ Cambridge, PhD in Genomics from Trinity College Dublin (Sean, "Technological Wild Cards: Existential Risk and a Changing Humanity", https://www.bbvaopenmind.com/en/articles/technological-wild-cards-existential-risk-and-a-changing-humanity/)// gcd Recut Justin Scenario 2 is climate change –Opinio juris compliance with Customary International Law key to legitimacy – that determines our ability to solve environmental crises.Meissner 15 ~Lisa; Vol: 5/1/2015; Associate Attorney with Hobbs Straus Dean and Walker, LLP, an Indian law firm located in Washington, DC. My primary practice areas are education, healthcare, natural resources/environmental law, and lands issues. I am licensed to practice in Washington State and Washington, DC. I am also a proud member of the Fighting Irish and the Golden Eagles - holding my Juris Doctor from the University of Notre Dame and my Bachelor's degrees from Marque0074te University; "Saving the Paper Tiger: Biodiversity as an Irreplaceable Element of Our Common Cultural Heritage," Notre Dame Journal of International and Comparative Law, Volume 5, Issue 1, https://scholarship.law.nd.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1034andcontext=ndjicl~~ Justin Extinction – contrary models are incorrect.Specktor 19 ~Brandon; 6/4/19; Writes about the science of everyday life for Live Science, and previously for Reader's Digest magazine, where he served as an editor for five years; "Human Civilization Will Crumble by 2050 If We Don't Stop Climate Change Now, New Paper Claims," livescience, https://www.livescience.com/65633-climate-change-dooms-humans-by-2050.html~~ Justin Underview1AR theory is legit – anything else means infinite abuse – drop the debater, competing interps, and the highest layer – 1AR are too short to make up for the time trade-off – no RVIs – 6 min 2NR means they can brute force me every time. | 12/5/21 |
NovDec - AC - TeachersTournament: Blue Key | Round: 6 | Opponent: Scarsdale BS | Judge: Keshav Dandu | 10/31/21 |
NovDec - AC - Teachers v2Tournament: Longhorn Classic | Round: 1 | Opponent: Village RC | Judge: Austin Broussard | 12/4/21 |
SeptOct - AC - KorsgaardTournament: Grapevine | Round: 2 | Opponent: Loveless Academic Magnet Program RR | Judge: Andrew Shaw | 9/11/21 |
SeptOct - AC - Korsgaard v2Tournament: Yale | Round: 2 | Opponent: Valley MM | Judge: Stephen Scopa | 9/18/21 |
SeptOct - AC - Korsgaard v3Tournament: Yale | Round: 4 | Opponent: Olympia BO | Judge: Matthew Slencsak | 9/19/21 |
SeptOct - AC - Korsgaard v4Tournament: St Marks | Round: 2 | Opponent: Marlborough HL | Judge: Ishan Rereddy | 10/18/21 |
SeptOct - AC - Korsgaard v5Tournament: St Marks | Round: 5 | Opponent: Denton Guyer SB | Judge: Leo Matthes | 10/18/21 |
SeptOct - AC - PandemicsTournament: Loyola | Round: 1 | Opponent: Westwood AD | Judge: Scott Brown | 9/4/21 |
SeptOct - AC - Pandemics v10Tournament: Yale | Round: Octas | Opponent: Village RB | Judge: Rivera, Colicchio, Chen | 9/19/21 |
SeptOct - AC - Pandemics v11Tournament: Yale | Round: Quarters | Opponent: Harrison MB | Judge: Natchukuri, Jiang, Maher | 1/19/22 |
SeptOct - AC - Pandemics v12Tournament: Yale | Round: Semis | Opponent: Mission San Jose SR | Judge: Scopa, Morris, Lakshman | 9/20/21 |
SeptOct - AC - Pandemics v13Tournament: Yale | Round: Finals | Opponent: Dulles TY | Judge: Robinson, Scopa, Colicchio | 9/20/21 |
SeptOct - AC - Pandemics v14Tournament: Valley | Round: 1 | Opponent: Loyola SG | Judge: Ki Radcliffe | 9/26/21 |
SeptOct - AC - Pandemics v15Tournament: Valley | Round: 4 | Opponent: Sage MP | Judge: Chris Theis | 9/26/21 |
SeptOct - AC - Pandemics v16Tournament: St Marks | Round: 3 | Opponent: Harvard Westlake JH | Judge: Yardley Rosas | 10/18/21 |
SeptOct - AC - Pandemics v2Tournament: Loyola | Round: 4 | Opponent: Scripps Ranch AS | Judge: Abhinav Sinha | 9/5/21 |
SeptOct - AC - Pandemics v3Tournament: Loyola | Round: 5 | Opponent: Memorial DX | Judge: Asher Towner | 9/6/21 |
SeptOct - AC - Pandemics v4Tournament: Loyola | Round: Doubles | Opponent: Memorial BD | Judge: Gordon, Asher, Connor | 9/7/21 |
SeptOct - AC - Pandemics v5Tournament: Loyola | Round: Octas | Opponent: San Mateo YR | Judge: Tej, Gordon, Connor | 9/7/21 |
SeptOct - AC - Pandemics v6Tournament: Grapevine | Round: 4 | Opponent: St Agnes EH | Judge: Margaret Strong | 9/12/21 |
SeptOct - AC - Pandemics v7Tournament: Grapevine | Round: 5 | Opponent: Interlake DB | Judge: Sam Larson | 9/12/21 |
SeptOct - AC - Pandemics v8Tournament: Grapevine | Round: Quarters | Opponent: Garland LY | Judge: Larson, Paramo, Timmons | 9/12/21 |
SeptOct - AC - Pandemics v9Tournament: Yale | Round: 6 | Opponent: Scripps Ranch AS | Judge: Favian Sun | 9/19/21 |
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