| Tournament | Round | Opponent | Judge | Cites | Round Report | Open Source | Edit/Delete |
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| Churchill | 2 | McNeil AR | Truman Le |
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| Churchill | 3 | Flower Mound DB | Holden |
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| Churchill | 5 | CypWoo CT | Breigh Plat |
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| Emory | 1 | Vestavia Hills GJ | Rishi Mukherjee |
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| Emory | 4 | Lake Highland AV | Sam Larson |
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| Emory | 5 | Sage MP | Gerard Grisby |
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| Emory | Octas | Harker AR | Palmer - Bosley - Mukherjee |
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| GOLDEN DESERT DEBATE TOURNAMENT AT UNLV | 1 | Marlborough JH | Yoyo Lei |
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| GOLDEN DESERT DEBATE TOURNAMENT AT UNLV | 4 | Mission San Jose SR | Conal Thomas-McGinnis |
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| GOLDEN DESERT DEBATE TOURNAMENT AT UNLV | 5 | Southlake Carroll SD | David McGinnis |
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| Glenbrooks | 2 | Peninsula AY | Akshay Manglik |
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| Glenbrooks | 3 | Lexington JB | Austin Broussard |
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| Glenbrooks | 6 | McNeil AG | Tate Weston |
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| Grapevine | 1 | Lake Highland Prep IK | John Fruge |
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| Grapevine | 3 | Memorial SC | Samantha Mcloughlin |
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| Grapevine | 5 | Dulles TY | Das, Sreeyash |
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| Greenhill | 5 | Harker KB | Matt Moorhead |
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| Greenhill | 4 | Lexington BF | Michael Fain |
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| Greenhill | Doubles | Southlake Carroll PK | Evnen - Quinsenberry - Yi |
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| Greenhill | 1 | Lexington AK | Tate Weston |
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| Harvard | 1 | Walt Whitman HZ | Hsu |
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| Harvard | 4 | Clements MM | Viren Abhyankar |
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| Harvard | 6 | Livingston RB | Angela Zhong |
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| Harvard | Octas | Hunter AI | Ahuja - Bourne - Sen |
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| Harvard RR | 2 | Dulles TY | Qin - Sussman |
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| Harvard RR | 3 | Houston Memorial DanXu | Garber - He |
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| Harvard Westlake | 2 | Harker SY | Julian Kuffour |
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| Harvard Westlake | 3 | Dwight Englewood | Vishan Chaudhary |
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| Harvard Westlake | 6 | Immaculate Heart AW | Matt Moorhead |
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| Loyola | 1 | St Agnes EH | Connor Self |
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| Loyola | 4 | Dulles JL | Eric Einsley |
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| Loyola | 5 | San Mateo YR | Jonah Gentleman |
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| Loyola | Doubles | Orange Lutheran AZ | Tej - Srey - Lena |
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| Mid America Cup | 1 | Byram Hills EW | Keshav Dandu |
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| Mid America Cup | 3 | Mission San Jose SR | Rohit Lakshman |
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| Mid America Cup | 6 | American Heritage Broward PG | Aryan Jasani |
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| Mid America Cup | Doubles | Perry JA | Barquin - Dandu - Singh |
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| NDCA | 2 | Westwood SP | Samantha Mcloughlin |
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| NDCA | 4 | Marlborough ML | Truman Le |
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| NDCA | 5 | Sequoia AS | Ari Davidson |
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| NSD Camp Tournament | 2 | AzbelKalaria Miller Roberts | John Sims |
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| NSD Camp Tournament | 3 | AzbelKalaria Bryan Shi | Sesh Joe |
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| NSD Camp Tournament | Doubles | JoshiPlat Jayden Bai | Sam Azbel - Rohit Lakshman - Jayanne Forrest |
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| NSD Camp Tournament | 6 | GedelaSiegel Avik Garg | Rohit Lakshman |
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| St Marks | 1 | Southlake Carroll AS | Collin Smith |
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| St Marks | 4 | Harvard Westlake NL | Rosas, Yardley |
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| St Marks | 5 | Homestead SL | Joseph Barquin |
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| St Marks | Doubles | Harvard Westlake IC | Timmons - Smith - Rosas |
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| TFA State | 1 | Memorial SC | Holden |
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| TFA State | 4 | McNeil AR | Alex Yoakum |
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| TFA State | 5 | Garland LY | Joshua George |
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| TFA State | Doubles | Greenhill KD | George - Vijayan - Quisenberry |
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| TFA State | Triples | Westside SY | Wilson - Jones - Molina |
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| Theory debates | 1 | Justin Wen | JD Kollar |
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| Tournament of Champions | 3 | Northland Christian LB | Scopa |
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| Tournament of Champions | 1 | Strath Haven AM | Joseph Barquin |
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| Tournament of Champions | 6 | Monta Vista KR | Bennet Dombcik |
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| Tournament of Champions | 6 | Monta Vista KR | Bennet Dombcik |
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| Tournament of Champions | Doubles | Little Rock Central MG | Okunlola - Barquin - Bukowsky |
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| UT | 1 | Cypress Woods CL | David Dosch |
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| UT | 3 | Plano East AW | Austin Broussard |
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| UT | 5 | Northland Christian LB | Elmer Yang |
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| debateLA Challenge | 1 | Lexington AG | Moorhead - Quisenberry |
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| debateLA Challenge | 3 | Sage MP | Dosch - Ribera |
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| debateLA Challenge | 5 | Sequoia AS | Patel - Baez |
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| Tournament | Round | Report |
|---|---|---|
| Churchill | 2 | Opponent: McNeil AR | Judge: Truman Le 1AC-Mining |
| Churchill | 3 | Opponent: Flower Mound DB | Judge: Holden 1AC-Stock |
| Churchill | 5 | Opponent: CypWoo CT | Judge: Breigh Plat 1AC-Bataille |
| Contact | Finals | Opponent: Info | Judge: rmation Last modified by Karan Shah on 20210707 1938 |
| Contact | Finals | Opponent: Info | Judge: rmation Last modified by Karan Shah on 20210707 1938 |
| Emory | 1 | Opponent: Vestavia Hills GJ | Judge: Rishi Mukherjee 1AC-World Computer |
| Emory | 4 | Opponent: Lake Highland AV | Judge: Sam Larson 1AC-Fully Automated Luxury Communism |
| Emory | 5 | Opponent: Sage MP | Judge: Gerard Grisby 1AC-Mega Constellations |
| Emory | Octas | Opponent: Harker AR | Judge: Palmer - Bosley - Mukherjee 1AC-China |
| GOLDEN DESERT DEBATE TOURNAMENT AT UNLV | 1 | Opponent: Marlborough JH | Judge: Yoyo Lei 1AC-Global Commons Space Elevator cites r broken contact me if you need them |
| GOLDEN DESERT DEBATE TOURNAMENT AT UNLV | 4 | Opponent: Mission San Jose SR | Judge: Conal Thomas-McGinnis 1AC-Prag |
| GOLDEN DESERT DEBATE TOURNAMENT AT UNLV | 5 | Opponent: Southlake Carroll SD | Judge: David McGinnis 1AC-China CMR |
| Glenbrooks | 2 | Opponent: Peninsula AY | Judge: Akshay Manglik 1AC-Healthcare workers |
| Glenbrooks | 3 | Opponent: Lexington JB | Judge: Austin Broussard 1AC-semiotic trivial coherence |
| Glenbrooks | 6 | Opponent: McNeil AG | Judge: Tate Weston 1AC-Giroux |
| Grapevine | 1 | Opponent: Lake Highland Prep IK | Judge: John Fruge 1AC-TRIPs PLUS |
| Grapevine | 3 | Opponent: Memorial SC | Judge: Samantha Mcloughlin 1AC-Evergreening - Must disclose case cards |
| Grapevine | 5 | Opponent: Dulles TY | Judge: Das, Sreeyash 1AC-"stock" |
| Greenhill | 5 | Opponent: Harker KB | Judge: Matt Moorhead 1AC-EU Whistleblowers |
| Greenhill | 4 | Opponent: Lexington BF | Judge: Michael Fain 1AC-Covid |
| Greenhill | Doubles | Opponent: Southlake Carroll PK | Judge: Evnen - Quinsenberry - Yi 1AC-Weed |
| Greenhill | 1 | Opponent: Lexington AK | Judge: Tate Weston 1AC-Korsgaard |
| Harvard | 1 | Opponent: Walt Whitman HZ | Judge: Hsu 1AC-Spatial Fix |
| Harvard | 4 | Opponent: Clements MM | Judge: Viren Abhyankar 1AC-Wynter |
| Harvard | 6 | Opponent: Livingston RB | Judge: Angela Zhong 1AC-Lunar Mining |
| Harvard | Octas | Opponent: Hunter AI | Judge: Ahuja - Bourne - Sen 1AC-Baudrillard |
| Harvard RR | 2 | Opponent: Dulles TY | Judge: Qin - Sussman 1AC-NEW Pragmatism |
| Harvard RR | 3 | Opponent: Houston Memorial DanXu | Judge: Garber - He 1AC-Kant |
| Harvard Westlake | 2 | Opponent: Harker SY | Judge: Julian Kuffour 1AC-Mining |
| Harvard Westlake | 3 | Opponent: Dwight Englewood | Judge: Vishan Chaudhary 1AC-Mining |
| Harvard Westlake | 6 | Opponent: Immaculate Heart AW | Judge: Matt Moorhead 1AC-China |
| Loyola | 1 | Opponent: St Agnes EH | Judge: Connor Self 1AC-Adv legitimacy - Adv Access 1NC-Truth Testing - NC LogCon - Theory Spec IP - DA Innovation - Case 1AR-Comparative Worlds - Theory must not read aprioris - Theory must not read circumvention - Case - Spec - TT - NC - DA 2NR-DA - Case - IP Spec - Comparative Worlds - Theory must not read aprioris - Theory must not read circumvention 2AR-Case - Must not read aprioris - Must not read circumvention - IP Spec |
| Loyola | 4 | Opponent: Dulles JL | Judge: Eric Einsley 1AC-Stock |
| Loyola | 5 | Opponent: San Mateo YR | Judge: Jonah Gentleman 1AC-Evergreening |
| Loyola | Doubles | Opponent: Orange Lutheran AZ | Judge: Tej - Srey - Lena 1AC-Vaccine Imperialism |
| Mid America Cup | 1 | Opponent: Byram Hills EW | Judge: Keshav Dandu 1AC-Vaccine Imperialism |
| Mid America Cup | 3 | Opponent: Mission San Jose SR | Judge: Rohit Lakshman 1AC-Virtue Ethics |
| Mid America Cup | 6 | Opponent: American Heritage Broward PG | Judge: Aryan Jasani 1AC-Ethical ReciprocityBiopiracy |
| Mid America Cup | Doubles | Opponent: Perry JA | Judge: Barquin - Dandu - Singh 1AC-Medical Touch |
| NDCA | 2 | Opponent: Westwood SP | Judge: Samantha Mcloughlin 1AC-Space Stations |
| NDCA | 4 | Opponent: Marlborough ML | Judge: Truman Le 1AC-Commons |
| NDCA | 5 | Opponent: Sequoia AS | Judge: Ari Davidson 1AC-Megaconstellations |
| NSD Camp Tournament | 2 | Opponent: AzbelKalaria Miller Roberts | Judge: John Sims 1ac-stock |
| NSD Camp Tournament | 3 | Opponent: AzbelKalaria Bryan Shi | Judge: Sesh Joe 1ac-existentialism |
| NSD Camp Tournament | Doubles | Opponent: JoshiPlat Jayden Bai | Judge: Sam Azbel - Rohit Lakshman - Jayanne Forrest 1ac-Kant |
| NSD Camp Tournament | 6 | Opponent: GedelaSiegel Avik Garg | Judge: Rohit Lakshman 1ac-china Changes to Disad are on osource - don't know why cite isnt working |
| St Marks | 1 | Opponent: Southlake Carroll AS | Judge: Collin Smith 1AC-Cannabis The cite for the counterplan doesn't work - its in osource |
| St Marks | 4 | Opponent: Harvard Westlake NL | Judge: Rosas, Yardley 1AC-covid |
| St Marks | 5 | Opponent: Homestead SL | Judge: Joseph Barquin 1AC-Hapticality |
| St Marks | Doubles | Opponent: Harvard Westlake IC | Judge: Timmons - Smith - Rosas 1AC-Covid |
| TFA State | 1 | Opponent: Memorial SC | Judge: Holden 1AC-Racial Cap |
| TFA State | 4 | Opponent: McNeil AR | Judge: Alex Yoakum 1AC-Rawls 2n just extend paradigm issues from the first two shells |
| TFA State | 5 | Opponent: Garland LY | Judge: Joshua George 1AC-Symbolic Extinction |
| TFA State | Doubles | Opponent: Greenhill KD | Judge: George - Vijayan - Quisenberry 1AC-"Copaganda" This is the rerun the aff round got challenged |
| TFA State | Triples | Opponent: Westside SY | Judge: Wilson - Jones - Molina 1AC-Red Guard |
| Theory debates | 1 | Opponent: Justin Wen | Judge: JD Kollar you're welcome jet |
| Tournament of Champions | 3 | Opponent: Northland Christian LB | Judge: Scopa 1AC-China |
| Tournament of Champions | 1 | Opponent: Strath Haven AM | Judge: Joseph Barquin 1AC-Space Stalkers |
| Tournament of Champions | 6 | Opponent: Monta Vista KR | Judge: Bennet Dombcik 1AC-Lunar Mining |
| Tournament of Champions | 6 | Opponent: Monta Vista KR | Judge: Bennet Dombcik 1AC-Lunar Mining |
| Tournament of Champions | Doubles | Opponent: Little Rock Central MG | Judge: Okunlola - Barquin - Bukowsky 1AC-Alienation |
| UT | 1 | Opponent: Cypress Woods CL | Judge: David Dosch 1AC-Equality |
| UT | 3 | Opponent: Plano East AW | Judge: Austin Broussard 1AC-Taiwan |
| UT | 5 | Opponent: Northland Christian LB | Judge: Elmer Yang 1AC-Kenya |
| debateLA Challenge | 1 | Opponent: Lexington AG | Judge: Moorhead - Quisenberry 1AC-India - Astrology |
| debateLA Challenge | 3 | Opponent: Sage MP | Judge: Dosch - Ribera 1AC-Large constellations |
| debateLA Challenge | 5 | Opponent: Sequoia AS | Judge: Patel - Baez 1AC-Large Constellations |
To modify or delete round reports, edit the associated round.
Cites
| Entry | Date |
|---|---|
0 - Contact InfoTournament: Contact | Round: Finals | Opponent: Info | Judge: rmation Note: I started disclosing case cards after Grapevine round 3. If you need them from before that round, just ask me. Cites doesn't work for scientists v3, check open source for st. marks R1 Cites don't work for Space elevators, check osource or message me if you need cites | 2/5/22 |
0 - Content WarningsTournament: Contact | Round: Finals | Opponent: Info | Judge: rmation | 2/5/22 |
0 - NavigationTournament: Contact | Round: Finals | Opponent: Info | Judge: rmation For Kritikal Positions I will try to update what Affirmative the links are contextual to. | 2/5/22 |
0 - Tournament namesTournament: Theory debates | Round: 1 | Opponent: Justin Wen | Judge: JD Kollar | 2/5/22 |
1 - CP - TelosTournament: Harvard | Round: 4 | Opponent: Clements MM | Judge: Viren Abhyankar 4We advocate for the 1ACs method of scenario analysis sans their telos of affirming that the appropriation of outer space by private entities is unjust.That solves the aff – their method of solvency is about their scenario analysis of the resolution and developing political grammars of resistance to learn about institutions of communism versus capitalism. We’ll break this down – it’s not enough to say "private actor appropriation of outer space is bad" in the abstract, rather, they have to have material offense from their advocacy that solves racial cap – if their offense is "discussions good" or "scenario analysis good" then there’s no reason the telos of their revolution is necessary.Here’s their method, Strake reads blue:Discussions are good and their telos goes beyond space itself1AC Weheliye 14 Alexander Weheliye, Professor of African American Studies at Northwestern University, 2014, "Habeas Viscus: Racializing Assemblages, Biopolitics, and Black Feminist Theories of the Human,"recut chsMM AND things that otherwise lie hidden beneath piety, heedlessness, or routine."11 1AC Offense says outer space is one piece of the puzzle – broad theories are the only thing that solvesCornum 18 (Lou Cornum, They now live in Brooklyn and study Black and Indigenous science fiction at the CUNY Graduate Center, "Event Horizon: Thinking about space demands new ways of thinking about humanity" Real Life Magazine, March 12, 2018)chsMM AND want, what I need, is a space program for the people. The net benefit is incompleteness.Harney and Moten 11 – Stephano Harney and Fred Moten March 2021 "Refusing Completion: A Conversation" https://www.e-flux.com/journal/116/379446/refusing-completion-a-conversation/ (Stefano Harney is the Professor of Strategic Management Education at Singapore Management University., Fred Moten is the professor of Performance Studies at New York University and has taught previously at University of California, Riverside, Duke University, Brown University, and the University of Iowa)Elmer Modified for Problematic Rhetoric AND its completion. That’s our ongoing ante- and anti-metaphysical experiment. | 2/19/22 |
1 - T - Defend the TopicTournament: Mid America Cup | Round: Doubles | Opponent: Perry JA | Judge: Barquin - Dandu - Singh 2Our interpretation is that the aff should defend the implementation of a topical governmental action.Resolved requires policy actionLouisiana State Legislature (https://www.legis.la.gov/legis/Glossary.aspx) Ngong AND Senate Rules 10.9, 13.5 and 15.1) Violation: they don’tDebate is a game since we’re both here to win so procedural questions come first. The only role of the ballot and judge is to vote for whoever better debated the topic. Only evaluating the consequences of the plan allows us to determine the practical impacts of politics and preserves the predictability that fosters engagement. Rigorous contestation and third and fourth-line testing are key to generate the self-reflexivity that creates ethical subjects.Vote Neg:Their interp explodes limits and allows affs to monopolize the moral high ground. The lack of a stable mechanism lets them radically re-contextualize their aff and erase neg ground via perms – that causes a race to the margins where they’re incentivized to defend uncontestable statements like "racism bad" or "2+24." Caselists are concessionary, unpredictable, beaten by perms, and don’t justify their model.==== 2~ SSD is good – it forces debaters to consider a controversial issue from multiple perspectives. Non-T affs allow individuals to establish their own metrics for what they want to debate leading to ideological dogmatism, while SSD encompasses your education.3~ TVA: all the aff literally says IP is bad – only the state can reduce IP since it was the one that granted IP in the first place – here’s evidence that shows the plan deconstructs profit drivesAhmed 20 ~Kavum; 6/24/20; Division Director for Access and Accountability at the Open Society Public Health Program in New York and teaches at Columbia University Law School; "Decolonizing the vaccine," Africa’s Country, https://africasacountry.com/2020/06/decolonizing-the-vaccine~~ Elmer Re-Cut Justin AND vaccine. Resistance to this colonial power requires the decolonization of the vaccine. Detailed research over specific points of difference is necessary for activism.Iverson ’9 ~Joel; 2009; Associate Professor of Communication at the University of Montana, Ph.D in Communication from Arizona State University Relations at the University of Sydney; Debate Central, "Can Cutting Cards Carve into Our Personal Lives: An Analysis of Debate Research on Personal Advocacy," https://debate.uvm.edu/dybvigiverson1000.html; GR~ AND nature of various policy proposals helps debaters to strengthen their own stance on issues 4~ Fairness is an impact –A~ Fairness is good and prior – debate’s a game that requires effective competition and negation, which makes their offense inevitable, it internal link turns clash and engagement.B~ Cutting negs to every possible aff wrecks small schools, which has a disparate impact on under-resourced and minority debaters.C~ Can’t weigh the aff—it’s just as likely that they’re winning it because we weren’t able to effectively prepare to defeat it.D~ Inescapable – the AC conforms to every norm of debate – speed, speech times, ballots – proves they value playing the game and isolating T as the one bad rule is arbitrary.E~ Probability – ballots can’t shape our subjectivity or create broad political change but can rectify in-round skews.No impact turns:1~ T is just an argument for why the aff is a bad idea, which is what every single negative position says—there’s nothing unique about T that causes violence but the cap k or case turns don’tUse competing interps—reasonability collapses to offense defense paradigm.No RVIs — Baiting—they’ll just bait theory and prep it out—justifies infinite abuse and results in a chilling effect | 9/27/21 |
1 - T - Defend the Topic v2Tournament: Glenbrooks | Round: 3 | Opponent: Lexington JB | Judge: Austin Broussard 1Our interpretation is that the aff should only defend desirability of the hypothetical implementation of a topical governmental action.Resolved requires policy actionLouisiana State Legislature (https://www.legis.la.gov/legis/Glossary.aspx) Ngong AND Senate Rules 10.9, 13.5 and 15.1) Violation: they don’t and they gain offense off something that isn’t the passage of a government action i.e. the method. Reading a disad is insufficient when they would uplayer it.Debate is a game since we’re both here to win so procedural questions come first. The only role of the ballot and judge is to vote for whoever better debated the topic. Only evaluating the consequences of the plan allows us to determine the practical impacts of politics and preserves the predictability that fosters engagement. Rigorous contestation and third and fourth-line testing are key to generate the self-reflexivity that creates ethical subjects.Vote Neg:Their interp explodes limits and allows affs to monopolize the moral high ground. The lack of a stable mechanism lets them radically re-contextualize their aff and erase neg ground via perms – that causes a race to the margins where they’re incentivized to defend uncontestable statements like "racism bad" or "2+24." Caselists are concessionary, unpredictable, beaten by perms, and don’t justify their model.==== 2~ SSD is good – it forces debaters to consider a controversial issue from multiple perspectives. Non-T affs allow individuals to establish their own metrics for what they want to debate leading to ideological dogmatism, while SSD encompasses your education.3~ TVA: Allow for strikes to destroy the state and meaningDetailed research over specific points of difference is necessary for activism.Iverson ’9 ~Joel; 2009; Associate Professor of Communication at the University of Montana, Ph.D in Communication from Arizona State University Relations at the University of Sydney; Debate Central, "Can Cutting Cards Carve into Our Personal Lives: An Analysis of Debate Research on Personal Advocacy," https://debate.uvm.edu/dybvigiverson1000.html; GR~ AND nature of various policy proposals helps debaters to strengthen their own stance on issues 4~ Fairness is an impact –A~ Fairness is good and prior – debate’s a game that requires effective competition and negation, which makes their offense inevitable, it internal link turns clash and engagement.B~ Cutting negs to every possible aff wrecks small schools, which has a disparate impact on under-resourced and minority debaters.C~ Can’t weigh the aff—it’s just as likely that they’re winning it because we weren’t able to effectively prepare to defeat it.D~ Inescapable – the AC conforms to every norm of debate – speed, speech times, ballots – proves they value playing the game and isolating T as the one bad rule is arbitrary.E~ Probability – ballots can’t shape our subjectivity or create broad political change but can rectify in-round skews.No impact turns:1~ T is just an argument for why the aff is a bad idea, which is what every single negative position says—there’s nothing unique about T that causes violence but the cap k or case turns don’t2~ T isn’t violent – A~ I don’t have the power to impose a norm – only to convince you my side is better. T doesn’t ban you from the activity – the whole point is that norms should be contestableUse competing interps—reasonability collapses to offense defense paradigm.No RVIs — Baiting—they’ll just bait theory and prep it out—justifies infinite abuse and results in a chilling effect | 11/20/21 |
1 - T - Defend the Topic v3Tournament: Churchill | Round: 5 | Opponent: CypWoo CT | Judge: Breigh Plat 2Our interpretation is that the aff should defend desirability of a topical governmental action.Unjust means unlawful.Waters 98 – H. FRANKLIN WATERS, Senior District Judge. Colonia Ins. Co. v. City Nat. Bank, 13 F. Supp. 2d 891 - Dist. Court, WD Arkansas 1998 AND , Coleman is not entitled to summary judgment on plaintiffs' unjust enrichment claim. Resolved requires policy actionLouisiana State Legislature (https://www.legis.la.gov/legis/Glossary.aspx) Ngong AND Senate Rules 10.9, 13.5 and 15.1) Violation: they don’tDebate is a game since we’re both here to win so procedural questions come first. The only role of the ballot and judge is to vote for whoever better debated the topic. Only evaluating the consequences of the plan allows us to determine the practical impacts of politics and preserves the predictability that fosters engagement. Rigorous contestation and third and fourth-line testing are key to generate the self-reflexivity that creates ethical subjects.Vote Neg:Their interp explodes limits and allows affs to monopolize the moral high ground. The lack of a stable mechanism lets them radically re-contextualize their aff and erase neg ground via perms – that causes a race to the margins where they’re incentivized to defend uncontestable statements like "racism bad" or "2+24." Caselists are concessionary, unpredictable, beaten by perms, and don’t justify their model.==== 2~ SSD is good – it forces debaters to consider a controversial issue from multiple perspectives. Non-T affs allow individuals to establish their own metrics for what they want to debate leading to ideological dogmatism, while SSD encompasses your education.3~ TVA: all the aff literally says IP is bad – just defend an enforcement mechanismDetailed research over specific points of difference is necessary for activism.Iverson ’9 ~Joel; 2009; Associate Professor of Communication at the University of Montana, Ph.D in Communication from Arizona State University Relations at the University of Sydney; Debate Central, "Can Cutting Cards Carve into Our Personal Lives: An Analysis of Debate Research on Personal Advocacy," https://debate.uvm.edu/dybvigiverson1000.html; GR~ AND nature of various policy proposals helps debaters to strengthen their own stance on issues 4~ Fairness is an impact –A~ Fairness is good and prior – debate’s a game that requires effective competition and negation, which makes their offense inevitable, it internal link turns clash and engagement.B~ Cutting negs to every possible aff wrecks small schools, which has a disparate impact on under-resourced and minority debaters.C~ Can’t weigh the aff—it’s just as likely that they’re winning it because we weren’t able to effectively prepare to defeat it.D~ Inescapable – the AC conforms to every norm of debate – speed, speech times, ballots – proves they value playing the game and isolating T as the one bad rule is arbitrary.E~ Probability – ballots can’t shape our subjectivity or create broad political change but can rectify in-round skews.No impact turns:1~ T is just an argument for why the aff is a bad idea, which is what every single negative position says—there’s nothing unique about T that causes violence but the cap k or case turns don’t2~ T isn’t violent – A~ I don’t have the power to impose a norm – only to convince you my side is better. T doesn’t ban you from the activity – the whole point is that norms should be contestable B~ Exclusion is inevitable – every role of the ballot excludes some arguments and even saying T bad excludes it – that means we should delineate ground along reciprocal lines, not abandon division altogether.Use competing interps—reasonability collapses to offense defense paradigm.No RVIs — Baiting—they’ll just bait theory and prep it out—justifies infinite abuse and results in a chilling effect | 1/13/22 |
1 - T - Defend the Topic v4Tournament: Emory | Round: 1 | Opponent: Vestavia Hills GJ | Judge: Rishi Mukherjee 11NC—-T USFGT-USFG Interpretation: Topical affirmatives may only garner offense from the hypothetical implementation by governments that "The appropriation of outer space by private entities is unjust."Resolved requires policy actionLouisiana State Legislature (https://www.legis.la.gov/legis/Glossary.aspx) Ngong AND Senate Rules 10.9, 13.5 and 15.1) AppropriationTIMOTHY JUSTIN TRAPP, JD Candidate @ UIUC Law, ’13, TAKING UP SPACE BY ANY OTHER MEANS: COMING TO TERMS WITH THE NONAPPROPRIATION ARTICLE OF THE OUTER SPACE TREATY UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS LAW REVIEW ~Vol. 2013 No. 4~ AND the Bogotá Declaration were trying to accomplish, albeit through different means.219 Topicality is key to limits and ground—-redefining portions of the resolution permits endless reclarification AND creates incentives for avoidance—-only aligning research with agent and mechanism solves.Two impacts:1—-Fairness—-an unlimited, unpredictable topic disparately raises the research burden for the negative — treat this is a sufficient win condition because fairness is the logical structure that undergirds all impacts AND controls any benefit to debate.Dascal and Knoll ’11 ~Marcelo and Amnon; May 18th; former Professor of Philosophy at Tel Aviv University, B.A. in Philosophy from the University of Sao Paulo; former Professor of Philosophy at Tel Aviv University; Argumentation: Cognition and Community, "'Cognitive systemic dichotomization' in public argumentation and controversies," p. 20-25~ AND that they are sufficient for conducting the discussion up to a satisfactory closure. 2—-Clash—-forfeiting government action sanctions retreat from controversy and forces the negative to concede solvency before winning a link — clash is the necessary condition for distinguishing debate from discussion, but negation exists on a sliding scale — that jumpstarts the process of critical thinking, reflexivity, and argument refinement.3—-Movement Lawyering Skills – contingent, focused debates around locus points of difference are key to develop activists skills for political justice.Archer 18, Deborah N. "Political Lawyering for the 21st Century." Denv. L. Rev. 96 (2018): 399. (Associate Professor of Clinical Law at NYU School of Law)Elmer AND tools and should consider political lawyering’s potential to empower law students and communities. TVA—-bans cap in outer spaceSwitch side debate solves all of their offense—there’s no specific reason why their arguments have to be read on the aff—that solves predictability and accesses their education impact turns because plans on the aff and Ks on the neg can challenge perspectives, stances, representations, and epistemologiesNo rvis –Illogical, outweighs | 1/28/22 |
1 - T - Defend the Topic v5Tournament: TFA State | Round: 5 | Opponent: Garland LY | Judge: Joshua George 1Our Interpretation is the affirmative should defend the desirability of the hypothetical enactment of a resolution.Resolved requires policy actionLouisiana State Legislature (https://www.legis.la.gov/legis/Glossary.aspx) Ngong AND Senate Rules 10.9, 13.5 and 15.1) Violation: They simply don’t.Vote neg –Non-topicality explodes limits by expanding the number of affs beyond the resolution – negatives cannot possibly prepare against every literature base which makes it functionally impossible to negate. Non-topicality also justifies affs defending non controversially true statements like "racism bad" which eviscerates neg ground and clash – Only the process of negation distinguishes debate and discussion by necessitating iterative testing and effective engagement, but an absence of constant refinement dooms revolutionary potential.The impact is movements:Negation over the course of a season creates the best form of movement building which is key – movement organizing skilled organization, strategic flexibility, effective management, and proto-institutionalism.Heller 17 ~Nathan Heller began contributing to The New Yorker in 2011, and joined the magazine as a staff writer in 2013. He has written on a range of subjects, including online education and the TED Conference. He is also a film and television critic, and a contributing editor, at Vogue. Previously, he was a columnist for Slate, where he was a finalist for a National Magazine Award for essays and criticism. Is There Any Point to Protesting? August 21, 2017. https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2017/08/21/is-there-any-point-to-protesting~~ AND and someday, not just in our dreams, we’ll make it home. TVA –1~ Make the Black twitter counterplan into an aff2~ Misinformation aff since media bubbles create racism3~ Defend the black press as an actor that implements the aff | 3/12/22 |
1 - Theory - 1AR Theory HedgeTournament: Grapevine | Round: 5 | Opponent: Dulles TY | Judge: Das, Sreeyash 31ar theory hedge:~1~ DTA – A~ they can blow up a blippy 20 second shell to 3 min of the 2AR while I have to split my time and can’t preempt 2AR spin which necessitates judge intervention and means 1AR theory is irresolvable so you shouldn’t stake the round on it B~ proves terminal defense to 1AR shells since the 1NC is directly engaging under the aff’s framework of choice, with the most predictable advocacy C~ Time skew doesn’t exist – we both have 13 minutes and you can do drills and spread faster~2~ Reasonability – 1AR theory is super aff-biased because the 2AR gets to line-by-line every 2NR standard with new answers that never get responded to which means either A~ the 2AR always wins since they just need a single response to each argument which flips infinite abuse or B~ means it’s irresolvable because the judge has to intervene to determine whether or not it’s warranted enough to vote on which collapses to reasonability – reasonability checks 2AR sandbagging by preventing super abusive 1NCs while still giving the 2N a chance.~3~ No 2ar weighing because I don’t have a 3nr to respond to all your arguments so I always lose theory. We get RVIs –1AR being able to spend 20 seconds on a shell and still win forces the 2N to allocate at least 2:30 on the shell which means RVIs check back time skew – outweighs on quantifiaiblity~4~ No new 1ar paradigm issues - A~ the 1NC has already occurred with current paradigm issues in mind so new 1ar paradigms moot any theoretical offense B~ introducing them in the aff allows for them to be more rigorously tested which o/w’s on time frame since we can set higher quality norms. C~ anything else screws over NC strategy because your lack of justification determines my 1nc strat D~ Infinite abuse is solved by preemptive shells empirically proven by reading ACC~5~ Reject 1AR Theory: a~ Resolvability: Either you auto accept all responses to 2NR standards and they auto win since I can't respond, or you intervene to give 2AR credence b~ flips infinite abuse - 2ar can always line by line every 2nr standard and we lose every time so eval theory debate after the 2nr so we both get one speech and also outweighs since 1ar can respond to the 1nc c~ No infinite abuse: 1NC is 7 minutes and 1AC spikes check | 9/12/21 |
1 - Theory - Affirmatives Must Defend an ActionTournament: Mid America Cup | Round: 6 | Opponent: American Heritage Broward PG | Judge: Aryan Jasani 1Interpretation: Affirmatives must defend a change from the status quo. To clarify, you must defend the desirability of an action that reduces intellectual property protections for medicines. You don’t need to defend a specific actor, just that the action occurs.Violation: Their 1ac plan text is "just stating the current state of affairs is unethical." Which critiques the status quo without prescribing an action. I’ll pre-empt the I meet – the first part of the advocacy is dependent on them roleplaying the state, OR they shift their advocacy from defending the status quo to defending state action which is 1~ shifty – a reason to drop them since they delink out of neg ground and is also what settlers do to get land 2~ lying which is an independent reason to drop them for ethicality 3~ solvency deficit since it uses the state 4~ proves cx doesn’t check since they shifted from their advocacy – hold them to text - verifiabilityStandards:1~ Ground – any disad, case turns, kritik links, and process counterplans are reliant all on the aff changing something from the status quo – even NCs would just be non-unique since you defend the status quo – ground outweighs –A~ Testing – if we can’t test the aff, we don’t know the truth value of itB~ Dogmatism – they isolate their strategy to their aff and precludes discussion – impossible to implement or improve on itC~ Critical education – Every discussion of an liberation strategy assumes an level playing field with the ability to contribute to the discussion2~ Circumvention – the 1ac taking a stance about the topic while claiming representations come first does literally nothing – no aff action or any semblance of the change proves our norm massively outweighs aff solvency on proximity and duration.Competing interps – Reasonability invites arbitrary judge intervention and a race to the bottom– it also collapses since brightlines operate on an offense-defense paradigmNo RVIs – A – Going all in on theory kills substance education which outweighs on timeframe B - Discourages checking real abuse which outweighs on norm-setting C – Encourages theory baiting – outweighs because if the shell is frivolous, they can beat it quicklyDTD to deter future abuse and it doesn’t make sense to drop their advocacyFairness first:1~ It’s a constitutive process of debate since debate is a game with a winner and loser, speech times, and flipping 30 min before the round – Constitutive Rules means any DA to our interpretation are inevitable and terminally non-unique2~ Self Defeating- All the 1ar's arguments assume that the judge will evaluate them fairly which concedes it's authority – actively hack against them3~ Misses the boat – Their impact turns shows a misapplication of fairness not a reason why the very structure of it is bad. | 9/27/21 |
1 - Theory - Combo Shell v1Tournament: Grapevine | Round: 5 | Opponent: Dulles TY | Judge: Das, Sreeyash 2Interpretation: The affirmative may not read 1ar theory is the highest layer, 1ar theory has no rvis, 1ar theory is legit, all neg interps are counterinterps, new 2ar arguments, and no 2n theory or I meetsThe standard is infinite abuse –- infinite abuse - lets the aff win 1ar theory every time bc its the highes tlayer, the 2n cant use paradigm issues outweigh it since and they also get new 2ar weighing, also irreciprocal bc no rvi - also link turns norming bc the aff is always structurally ahead on the theory debate which kills ability to determine what norms are actually good Framing Issue:Don’t evaluate anything but the counterinterpretation to the shell: allowing them cross apps or deflationary strats feeds back into the abuse story because they can use abusive arguments to deflate theory – that’s circular, but contradictions negate since I indicted their argument first.Fairness is a voter—debate is a competitive activity that requires objective evaluation. Education is a voter—it’s intrinsic to debate. Drop the debater—the abuse has already occurred and my time allocation has shifted – also to deter future abuse and set better norms. Use competing interps—leads to a race to the top since we figure out the best possible norm and avoids judge intervention since there’s a clear brightline.No RVIs—a. Baiting—they’ll just bait theory and prep it out—justifies infinite abuse and results in a chilling effect and b) ) illogical – you don’t win because you’re fair or educationalMeta-theory outweighs - | 9/12/21 |
1 - Theory - Cutting Cards in the Middle of a Paragraph BadTournament: Mid America Cup | Round: 3 | Opponent: Mission San Jose SR | Judge: Rohit Lakshman 1Interpretation: Debaters must not cut cards in the middle of a paragraph.Violation – the card starts one word in and the dot in the screenshot is where they cut it off from – Standard is academic ethics – cutting the card in the middle of a paragraph is a voter – their ev starts and ends in the middle – misrepresents authors intent because paragraphs are how authors delineate arguments. Also allows debaters to manipulate evidence and strategically leave out what contradicts with their arguments – putting rest of the uncut paragraph in the doc solves all your offense unless your intent was to cheat which is even worse. Academic ethics is a voter and ow a) what we gain from debate means nothing if we’re academically dishonest and have no cred, b) the purpose of debate is to prepare debaters for the real world, and academic dishonesty is punished irl c) if they’re willing to be manipulate their evidence, be epistemically suspect of all of it d) turns case – its virtuous for you to concede after reading bad evidenceNo RVI’s on ev ethics violations – you don’t win for proving that you were academically honest and that’s ridiculous. Saying "we meet" checks abuse. RVI’s bad, they deter from checking actual abuse and justify 100 apriori non inherent affs.Drop the debater: it’s academic misconduct that should disqualify any other argument they make from counting. Doing good on a test doesn’t matter if you cheated. That’s a side constraint on their fairness offense so even if they win a spike the shell outweighs.The 1AR will make appeals to reasonability or intention – reject them:1~ All our violations prove the aff is unreasonable and you should not believe any of their appeals.2~ Intent is irrelevant – we should be held accountable for the consequences of our actions. If they didn’t cut it it’s more egregious – they stole miscut cards from someone and clearly didn’t bother to check.3~ It makes reading unethical ev no cost – if they’re caught, they can go for other things, if they’re not caught they get to win on no cost ev4~ Reject the team for deterrence – letting them win encourages the practice5~ Competing interps – reasonability’s arbitrary and collapses to an offense defense paradigm6~ Yes it’s against tournament procedures which outweighs on jurisdiction:NSDA link if you want to verify–~Again dependent – go here to find — https://www.speechanddebate.org/wp-content/uploads/Debate-Evidence-Guide.pdf~~ | 9/25/21 |
1 - Theory - Evidence Must be Aligned with Authors IntentTournament: Harvard RR | Round: 3 | Opponent: Houston Memorial DanXu | Judge: Garber - He 2Interpretation: Debaters must read cards that are in line with the author’s conclusion.Violation: Gray concludes the exact opposite
Standard is academic ethics – allows them to misrepresent the author’s intent and intentionally manipulate evidence to strategically leave out what contradicts their arguments. Academic ethics is a voter and ow a) what we gain from debate means nothing if we’re academically dishonest and have no cred, b) the purpose of debate is to prepare debaters for the real world, and academic dishonesty is punished irl c) if they’re willing to be manipulate their evidence, be epistemically suspect of all of it d) turns case – its virtuous for you to concede after reading bad evidenceNo RVI’s on ev ethics violations – you don’t win for proving that you were academically honest and that’s ridiculous. Saying "we meet" checks abuse.Also, they’ll just bait theory and prep it out—justifies infinite abuse and results in a chilling effect Theory outweighs the ROB – 1~ Jurisdiction 2~ TestingDrop the debater: it’s academic misconduct that should disqualify any other argument they make from counting. Doing good on a test doesn’t matter if you cheated. That’s a side constraint on their fairness offense so even if they win a spike the shell outweighs. Also, DTD to set norms and deter future abuse.The 1AR will make appeals to reasonability or intention – reject them:1~ All our violations prove the aff is unreasonable and you should not believe any of their appeals.2~ Intent is irrelevant – we should be held accountable for the consequences of our actions. If they didn’t cut it it’s more egregious – they stole miscut cards from someone and clearly didn’t bother to check.3~ It makes reading unethical ev no cost – if they’re caught, they can go for other things, if they’re not caught they get to win on no cost ev4~ Reject the team for deterrence – letting them win encourages the practice5~ Competing interps – reasonability’s arbitrary and collapses to an offense defense paradigm | 2/19/22 |
1 - Theory - Flex Standards BadTournament: NSD Camp Tournament | Round: 3 | Opponent: AzbelKalaria Bryan Shi | Judge: Sesh Joe 3Interpretation – Debaters may not read affirming or negating is harder arguments. To clarify, these are reasons either side is harder absent context in the round.Violation – Underview 4 point and I don’t violate – all my arguments on aff flex are defensiveThe standard is norming – These arguments encourage terrible theory norms since you can read them in response to any shell which allows you to avoid justifying a specific practice that is good which means we can never come to any conclusions about specific norms of the activity; this is infinite abuse since you never have to defend your practice and can just prep the shit out of each side is harder and be as abusive as possible.Aff flex is false: 1~ we both have 13 minutes 2~ you can do drills and spread faster 3~ you have infinite prep for a perfect 1ar 4~ forces you to critically think.D. VoterFairness is a voter—debate is a competitive activity that requires objective evaluation. Education is a voter – it is the terminal impact of debate. Drop the debater—the abuse has already occurred and my time allocation has shifted—also the shell indicts your whole aff—justifies severance which skews my strat. Use competing interps—leads to a race to the top since we figure out the best possible norm and avoids judge intervention since there’s a clear briteline. No RVIs—a. Baiting—they’ll just bait theory and prep it out—justifies infinite abuse and results in a chilling effectb. its not logical—you don’t reward them for meeting the burden of being fair, especially on T debate where definitions are objective while your interp is subjective. Logic is a meta constraint on all args because it definitionally determines whether an argument is valid. | 7/8/21 |
1 - Theory - Method Offense BadTournament: Glenbrooks | Round: 6 | Opponent: McNeil AG | Judge: Tate Weston 3~For the wiki: this position was exempted in the round~ | 11/21/21 |
1 - Theory - MisdisclosureTournament: Greenhill | Round: Doubles | Opponent: Southlake Carroll PK | Judge: Evnen - Quinsenberry - Yi Interpretation: debaters may not misdisclose the affirmative. To clarify, lying during disclosing the affirmative is bad.Violation: they said closest to r5 aff with changes. Here’s the briteline for changes – if the advantage’s story is the same, but you can change the warrants – anything else is a new advantage and completely arbitrary. Their 1ac from round 5 is cartels and warming, but their aff this round is warming – err neg on the violation – they should’ve said it’s a new impact scenario but they chose to say it was a similar advantage with changes.~1~ lying | 9/25/21 |
1 - Theory - Must Disclose 1AR Theory InterpsTournament: Harvard RR | Round: 2 | Opponent: Dulles TY | Judge: Qin - Sussman 1Interpretation: On the 2021-2022 NDCA LD Wiki, the affirmative debater must disclose all theory interpretations that have been read in the 1AR and 1AC in open source documents, cite boxes, or round reportsViolation: they don’t – its not in osource, cite boxes, or round reports – I’ll attach osource in the chain
Standards:1~ Norming – none of your shells set norms because we don’t know what they are – wiki’s key because its where most people get information about debates – only the interp allows for the negative to be fair and respect norms. Turns aff flex because we could’ve made the debate round fair for you.2~ Prep skew – you can see what a fair affirmative is since I have disclosed all my neg theory interps but it’s impossible for the negative to be fair because we don’t know what you want us to meet. That outweighs aff theory because we could’ve been fair but you chose not to let us.3~ Not disclosing open source documents on the NDCA 2021-22 wiki is also a voting issue for evidence ethics – we can’t check if their evidence is unethically highlighted which outweighs because cheating is a side constraint on educational activities.4~ New, undisclosed affirmatives are a voting issue – kills clash and prep because you can break cheap shot affs with no lit and win based off it being new, not good. Explodes neg prep burden because we don’t know what the aff is. Plan text standard text solves fairness and innovation.Out of round violations outweigh – lexically prior and magnitude – affects the entire round including prepParadigm issues –Vote neg on substance – a~ I was so skewed on substance so that I couldn’t win it b~ I couldn’t engage in the aff in the first placeFairness – its constitutive to debate as competitive activity that requires objective evaluation. Controls the I/L to education because you don’t learn from an already skewed round.No wiki glitches – a~ you could’ve just disclosed it with your other arguments that did not glitch b~ you need to provide verifiable proof otherwise this isn’t an argument c~ here’s a link to dan xu’s wiki who reads the same affs as you: https://hsld.debatecoaches.org/Houston20Memorial/Xu20Aff====No "I could’ve asked" – doesn’t solve any of our norming offense, skews pre-round preparation, and the burden to disclose and set norms is on you not me.DTD – a~ deters future abuse b~ my strat has already been skewed so it’s the only way to rectify the abuse c~ new aff theory interps should also be disclosed before the round to maximize neg fairness and its better for norming if we choose not the violateNot disclosing the underview before the round is a voting issue – prevents us from rigorously testing your norm and we could’ve crafted a fair 1nc – 4 minutes of prep isn’t enough to create a new one.Competing interps – a~ reasonability invites arbitrary judge intervention and a race to the bottom of questionable argumentation b~ reasonability collapses since brightlines operate on an offense-defense paradigmNorming outweighs – a~ constitutivism– it’s the intrinsic purpose of theory and magnitude – it’s the only out of round impact which link turns their arguments because they assume a good model of debate b~ out of round violations are a voting issue if they cause in-round skewsNo RVIs – a~ Forces the 1NC to go all-in on Theory which kills substance education, b~ Encourages Baiting since the 1AC will purposely be abusive, and c~ Illogical – you shouldn’t win for not being abusive.No cross-apps, overviews, or aff meta theory – engagement – we don’t get the theoretical clash benefits of debating a specific counterinterpNC theory first - 1~ They started the chain of abuse and forced me down this strategy 2~ We have more speeches to norm over it 3~ It was introduced first so it comes lexically prior.Neg abuse outweighs Aff abuse – 1~ Infinite prep time before round to frontline 2~ 2AR judge psychology 3~ 1st and last speech 4~ Infinite perms and up layering in the 1AR.Reasonability on 1AR shells – 1AR theory is very aff-biased because the 2AR gets to line-by-line every 2NR standard with new answers that never get responded toDTA on 1AR shells - They can blow up blippy 20 second shells in the 2AR but I have to split my time and can’t preempt 2AR spin which necessitates judge interventionTheory outweighs the ROB: 1~ Procedural – determines the rules of the game which turns jurisdiction 2~ turns – we couldn’t answer your argumentRVIs on 1AR theory – 1AR being able to spend 20 seconds on a shell and still win forces the 2N to allocate at least 2:30 on the shell which means RVIs check back time skew | 2/17/22 |
1 - Theory - Must Disclose Aff Interps in organized locationTournament: Tournament of Champions | Round: 3 | Opponent: Northland Christian LB | Judge: Scopa 1Interpretation: On the 2021-2022 NDCA LD Wiki, the affirmative debater must disclose all theory interpretations that have been read in the 1AR and 1AC in one open source document, round report, or cite box. To clarify they must disclose all theory interps read in a singular, organized location.Violation: they don’t – screenshots Standards:1~ Norming – none of your shells set norms because we don’t know what they are – wiki’s key because its where most people get information about debates – only the interp allows for the negative to be fair and respect norms. Turns aff flex because we could’ve made the debate round fair for you.2~ Prep skew – you can see what a fair affirmative is since I have disclosed all my neg theory interps but it’s impossible for the negative to be fair because we don’t know what you want us to meet. That outweighs aff theory because we could’ve been fair but you chose not to let us.3~ Not disclosing open source documents with highlighting on the NDCA 2021-22 wiki is also a voting issue for evidence ethics – we can’t check if their evidence is unethically highlighted which outweighs because cheating is a side constraint on educational activities.Out of round violations outweigh – lexically prior and magnitude – affects the entire round including prepParadigm issues –Vote neg on substance – a~ I was so skewed on substance so that I couldn’t win it b~ I couldn’t engage in the aff in the first placeFairness – its constitutive to debate as competitive activity that requires objective evaluation. Controls the I/L to education because you don’t learn from an already skewed round.No wiki glitches – a~ you could’ve just disclosed it with your other arguments that did not glitch b~ you need to provide verifiable proof otherwise this isn’t an argumentNo "I could’ve asked" – doesn’t solve any of our norming offense, skews pre-round preparation, and the burden to disclose and set norms is on you not me.DTD – a~ deters future abuse b~ my strat has already been skewed so it’s the only way to rectify the abuse c~ new aff theory interps should also be disclosed before the round to maximize neg fairness and its better for norming if we choose not the violateNot disclosing the underview before the round is a voting issue – prevents us from rigorously testing your norm and we could’ve crafted a fair 1nc – 4 minutes of prep isn’t enough to create a new one.Competing interps – a~ reasonability invites arbitrary judge intervention and a race to the bottom of questionable argumentation b~ reasonability collapses since brightlines operate on an offense-defense paradigmNorming outweighs – a~ constitutivism– it’s the intrinsic purpose of theory and magnitude – it’s the only out of round impact which link turns their arguments because they assume a good model of debate b~ out of round violations are a voting issue if they cause in-round skewsNo RVIs – a~ Forces the 1NC to go all-in on Theory which kills substance education, b~ Encourages Baiting since the 1AC will purposely be abusive, and c~ Illogical – you shouldn’t win for not being abusive.No cross-apps, overviews, or aff meta theory – engagement – we don’t get the theoretical clash benefits of debating a specific counterinterpNC theory first - 1~ They started the chain of abuse and forced me down this strategy 2~ We have more speeches to norm over it 3~ It was introduced first so it comes lexically prior.Reasonability on 1AR shells – 1AR theory is very aff-biased because the 2AR gets to line-by-line every 2NR standard with new answers that never get responded toDTA on 1AR shells - They can blow up blippy 20 second shells in the 2AR but I have to split my time and can’t preempt 2AR spin which necessitates judge interventionTheory outweighs the ROB: 1~ Procedural – determines the rules of the game which turns jurisdiction 2~ turns – we couldn’t answer your argumentRVIs on 1AR theory – 1AR being able to spend 20 seconds on a shell and still win forces the 2N to allocate at least 2:30 on the shell which means RVIs check back time skew | 4/23/22 |
1 - Theory - Must Disclose Aff Theory Interps in cite boxTournament: GOLDEN DESERT DEBATE TOURNAMENT AT UNLV | Round: 4 | Opponent: Mission San Jose SR | Judge: Conal Thomas-McGinnis 3Interpretation: On the 2021-2022 NDCA LD Wiki, the affirmative debater must disclose all theory interpretations that have been read in the 1AR and 1AC in one cite box or open-source document. Here’s an example:
Violation: they don’tStandards:1~ Norming – It’s impossible to go through 30 round reports before round and find which norms not to violate – only the interp allows for the negative to be fair and respect norms2~ Prep skew – you can see what a fair affirmative is since I have disclosed all my neg theory interps but it’s impossible for the negative to be fair because we don’t know what you want us to meet. That outweighs aff theory because we could’ve been fair but you chose not to let usDisclosure outweighs – magnitude – affects the entire round including prep | 2/6/22 |
1 - Theory - Must Disclose Affirmative During the FlipTournament: Mid America Cup | Round: Doubles | Opponent: Perry JA | Judge: Barquin - Dandu - Singh 1Interpretation: the debater on the other side of the flip must disclose what the aff they would be reading while the debater doing the flip decides their position.Violation – While "Elmer was in the grocery store" is a good excuse, its not sufficient to justify bad disclose
Strat skew – debaters choose to flip aff or neg based on the position their opponents are planning to read – supercharged by the fact the aff could be new – kills pre-round prep and makes us structurally disadvantaged since we don’t know side would be better. No impact turns – they rely on the aff but their choice to make me flip in the dark should preclude that discussion. | 9/27/21 |
1 - Theory - Must Disclose All Rounds Open SourceTournament: Harvard RR | Round: 3 | Opponent: Houston Memorial DanXu | Judge: Garber - He Interpretation: Debaters must disclose all constructive positions on open source with highlighting on the 2021-22 NDCA LD wiki after the round in which they read them.Violation – you read a new leisure aff and didn’t disclose it1~ Evidence ethics – open source is the only way to verify pre-round that cards aren’t miscut or highlighted or bracketed unethically. c/a cheating on the other shell2~ Depth of clash – it allows debaters to have nuanced researched objections to their opponents evidence before the round at a much faster rate, which leads to higher quality ev comparison – outweighs cause thinking on your feet is NUQ but the best quality responses come from full access to a case.3~ Not disclosing a new affirmative is independently a voting issue – a~ prep skew – we couldn’t prep against a new affirmative you didn’t disclose b~ lying and ethics – c/a the cheating argument since they’re trying to be shady | 2/19/22 |
1 - Theory - Must Disclose Contact InfoTournament: Harvard | Round: 1 | Opponent: Walt Whitman HZ | Judge: Hsu 1TheoryInterpretation: Debaters must disclose contact information on the 2021-22 NDCA LD Wiki.Violation:
Vote negative –1~ Disclosure’s good – allows for more in depth clash because we can research nuanced answers to their aff. Lead to better clash and quality of debate which otuiweghs2~ new, undisclosed affirmatives are a voting issue: a~ prep skew b~ bad affs c~ disclosing plan text standard text solvesFairness voter | 2/18/22 |
1 - Theory - Must Disclose Round ReportsTournament: Greenhill | Round: Doubles | Opponent: Southlake Carroll PK | Judge: Evnen - Quinsenberry - Yi 2Interp: Debaters must disclose round reports on the 2020-21 NDCA LD wiki for every round they have debated this season. Round reports disclose which positions (AC, NC, K, T, Theory, etc.) were read/gone for in every speech.Violation: screenshot in the doc – they only have one round from grapevine and they do not disclose 1ars or 2ars.
Standards:1~ Level Playing Field – big schools can go around and scout and collect flows but independents are left in the dark so round reports are key to prep- they give you an idea of overall what layers debaters like going for so you can best prepare your strategy when you hit them. Accessibility first and independent voter – it’s an impact multiplier2~ Strategy Education – round reports help novices understand the context in which positions are read by good debaters and help with brainstorming potential 1NCs vs affs – helps compensate for kids who can’t afford coaches to prep out affs. | 9/25/21 |
1 - Theory - Must Disclose on WikiTournament: TFA State | Round: 5 | Opponent: Garland LY | Judge: Joshua George 2Interpretation: Debaters must disclose all constructive positions on the 2021-22 NDCA LD wiki using open source or cites after the round in which they read them.Violation –Vote neg –Prep skew and clash – leads to infinite unpredictable affirmatives that skirt clash and beat negatives that are underprepared – disclosing allows for nuanced researched objections to affs which fosters in depth debates that control the internal link to their advocacy. Uniqueness should frame disclosure – your affirmative is still being read in a public forum which answers fugitivity, so the only difference is whether the negative is able to effectively clash with your arguments. Could’ve asked doesn’t solve norming offense and still skews prep since we have to sort through 20 docs.No 1ar voting issues – causes intervention since there are inevitable new 2ar responses to 2n answers and the judge has to draw the line. | 3/12/22 |
1 - Theory - Must Not Read No Neg AnalyticsTournament: GOLDEN DESERT DEBATE TOURNAMENT AT UNLV | Round: 4 | Opponent: Mission San Jose SR | Judge: Conal Thomas-McGinnis 1Interpretation – Debaters may not read no neg analytics.Violation – Their UV1~ Standards –a~ Infinite Abuse – we can’t answer the affb~ Clash – I can’t clash if I always lose, and I can’t offensively engage on the highest layer which destroys theoretical clash – strongest I/L to education because it’s the only form of unique education we get from debate.C~ Contradictions negate – A~ your fault for setting them up B~ they render truth impossible2~ Paradigm issues –Vote neg on substance – a~ I was so skewed on substance so that I couldn’t win it b~ I couldn’t engage in the aff in the first placeFairness – its constitutive to debate as competitive activity that requires objective evaluation. Controls the I/L to education because you don’t learn from an already skewed round.DTD – a~ deters future abuse b~ my strat has already been skewed so it’s the only way to rectify the abuseCompeting interps – a~ reasonability invites arbitrary judge intervention and a race to the bottom of questionable argumentation b~ reasonability collapses since brightlines operate on an offense-defense paradigmNorming outweighs – a~ constitutivism – it’s the intrinsic purpose of theory magnitude – it’s the only out of round impact which link turns their arguments because they assume a good model of debateNo RVIs – a~ Forces the 1NC to go all-in on Theory which kills substance education, b~ Encourages Baiting since the 1AC will purposely be abusive, and c~ Illogical – you shouldn’t win for not being abusive.No cross-apps, overviews, or aff meta theory – it’s how tricky debaters get away with abuse, force them to justify a CI.Answering the spike doesn’t solve – it’s a matter of norming so possible in round responses doesn’t disprove the shellNC theory first - 1~ They started the chain of abuse and forced me down this strategy 2~ We have more speeches to norm over it 3~ It was introduced first so it comes lexically prior.Neg abuse outweighs Aff abuse – 1~ Infinite prep time before round to frontline 2~ 2AR judge psychology 3~ 1st and last speech 4~ Infinite perms and uplayering in the 1AR.Reasonability on 1AR shells – 1AR theory is very aff-biased because the 2AR gets to line-by-line every 2NR standard with new answers that never get responded toDTA on 1AR shells - They can blow up blippy 20 second shells in the 2AR but I have to split my time and can’t preempt 2AR spin which necessitates judge interventionTheory outweighs the ROB: 1~ Procedural – determines the rules of the game which turns jurisdiction 2~ turns – we couldn’t answer your argumentRVIs on 1AR theory – 1AR being able to spend 20 seconds on a shell and still win forces the 2N to allocate at least 2:30 on the shell which means RVIs check back time skew | 2/6/22 |
1 - Theory - Must have solvency advocateTournament: Greenhill | Round: 5 | Opponent: Harker KB | Judge: Matt Moorhead 2Interp: If affirmatives specify beyond normal means, their plan texts must have a carded solvency advocate that advocates for their specific plan.Violation: they don’t. Abazi is about the current state of affairs and doesn’t say anything about the 1ac plan text. Vandekerckhove literally just says that the squo EU trade secrets directive is bad, nothing about reducing them in your specific manner. Hold the line – they have zero card in the 1AC that specifies anything remotely close to their extremely specific plan text.~1~ limits – you have infinite possible affs uncontrained by the topic literature – you can make up any affirmative you want, which kills neg prep and erases the role of the negative since there’s no prep against an aff that does not exist~2~ strat skew – no solvency advocate to bind the plan text allows the 1ar to shift out of all neg ground and links – outweighs since even if we do have ground on your aff, you can just shift out of it.~3~ topic literature – no solvency advocate means there’s absolutely no 1nc evidence specific to this aff that can engage – completely destroys topic ed which outweighs other education impacts on urgency. | 9/19/21 |
1 - Theory - New Affs BadTournament: Greenhill | Round: 1 | Opponent: Lexington AK | Judge: Tate Weston 1Interpretation: Debaters must disclose the plan text and standard text to their new affirmative to their opponent 30 minutes before the round.Violation: I asked and you chose not to disclose and its nowhere close to your teammate’s aff either~1~ Limits – unbroken standard and plan text are infinitely unpredictable – they’ll always win with cheap shot affs that we can’t prep. Giving only plan and standard text preserves sufficient affirmative flexibility by allowing your warrant to be new, but also allows the 1nc a chance of engaging.~2~ Argument quality: standard text text disclosure discourages cheap shot aff’s with frings authors and shoddy solvency. If the aff isn’t inherent or easily defeated by 20 minutes of research, the case should lose. They had a month to prep – the neg is entitled to some research time to make sure the AFF is inherent, topical, and controversial. Outweighs on argument quality and innovation – kills education only portable impact and encourages unfairnessFairness – debate is a competitive activity that requires fairness for objective evaluation. Education’s a voter – terminal impact of debateDrop the debater – a~ deter future abuse and b~ set better norms for debate.Competing interps – ~a~ reasonability is arbitrary and encourages judge intervention since there’s no clear norm, ~b~ it creates a race to the top where we create the best possible norms for debate.No RVIs – a~ illogical, you don’t win for proving that you meet the burden of being fair, logic outweighs since it’s a prerequisite for evaluating any other argument, b~ RVIs incentivize baiting theory and prepping it out which leads to maximally abusive practices | 3/12/22 |
1 - Theory - New Affs Bad v2Tournament: TFA State | Round: Doubles | Opponent: Greenhill KD | Judge: George - Vijayan - Quisenberry 1Interpretation: Affirmatives must disclose the plan text and standard text to their new affirmative at the coin flip.Violation: They didn’t disclose the standard textVote negative –Prep skew and Clash – only plan text standard text gives the negative an idea of what to prepare. Our interpretation is goldilocks for argument innovation since you can still read new warrants and scenarios, they just need to be disclosed. Especially true for whole rez affs that don’t disclose standard text – they can read infinite phil affs on the topic which all have different pieces of offense which independently explodes limits. Also, turns innovation since it discourages cheap shot affs that win just because they’re new and encourages well researched affs that actually have topic literature. | 3/12/22 |
1 - Theory - Unified Solvency AdvocateTournament: Loyola | Round: 5 | Opponent: San Mateo YR | Judge: Jonah Gentleman 1Interpretation: Interpretation: If the affirmative delineates specific functions of its advocacy as normal means i.e. enforcement, actor, implementation, etc, then it must have a unified solvency advocate that agrees with all those specifications.Violation: They don’t – 1AC Feldman advocates for the plan passing through FDA approval; Feldman also talks about data exclusivity which is not only about patents1~ Limits – Not having a unified solvency advocate that agrees with all your "normal means" specifications allow you to choose any permutation of specifications which explodes neg prep burden. Not having a solvency advocate for it passing through the WTO at all should frame the limits debate. Unified solvency advocates grant sufficient aff flexibility while still ensuring a reasonable case list since specification all comes from one source.2~ Ground – They can choose any permutation of best definition for "reduce" that suits them, the best enforcement mechanism, the best agent, all with any exceptions they want in conjunction with each other. Frame this standard through norm setting – best specifications make it extremely easy to delink out of core neg generics especially when it’s the fifth round on the topic. It also causes shiftiness since no 1AC solvency advocate for the WTO means that the 1ar can redefine normal means through their solvency advocate and delink out of all neg positions that don’t link to FDA approval | 9/5/21 |
2 - CP - Debate PICTournament: TFA State | Round: 5 | Opponent: Garland LY | Judge: Joshua George 3We advocate the 1AC without their call for the ballot. To clarify, this is a PIC out of their demand to "take this round hostage" and "blacken the debate space".1~ Calls to "blacken debate" creates a parasitic and de-radicalized relationship to white recognition that turns case.Curry 13 Tommy Curry 2013, Professor of Philosophy at Texas AandM University, "Dr. Tommy Curry on the importance of debate for blacks," https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZMmkPhvDK2E~~#t=174 Re-cut by Elmer AND have progressed fundamentally rooted in how white people see us is a problem. Outweighs under the Refusal RoTB – we’re a refusal of white recognition that separates resistance from liberal allyship.This proves the Aff is a double-turn – their claims of "inclusion" are a double-turn w/ the totalizing refusal of problematic spaces such as Debate.2~ Competition corrupts the affirmative –A~ Debate requires negation and researching answers which is counterproductive compared to participating in the movements that the aff wants to occur.B~ Endorsing the affirmative through a ballot ties ballots to success which makes debaters internalize wins and losses as technical skills instead of the desirability of their solution. | 3/12/22 |
2 - DA - Fellow YellowTournament: Tournament of Champions | Round: Doubles | Opponent: Little Rock Central MG | Judge: Okunlola - Barquin - Bukowsky The 1AC’s attempts to use the voice of some Asian Americans to speak for all is a form of essentialism that precludes understanding of individual forms of oppression faced by other Asian Americans.Joan W. Scott 92 Professor of Social Science at the Institute for Advanced Study, Summer 92, October, Vol. 61, "The Identity in Question," p. 12-19, JStor AND and deeming as discernably objective facts the prerequisites for inclusion in any group. Asian coalitions are key to their method.Colitations good AND as we forge new paths toward allyship and a co-liberated future. | 4/25/22 |
2 - DA - Movements vBaudrillardTournament: Harvard | Round: Octas | Opponent: Hunter AI | Judge: Ahuja - Bourne - Sen 3Debate is a game since we’re both here to win so procedural questions come first. The only role of the ballot and judge is to vote for whoever better debated the topic. Only evaluating the consequences of the plan allows us to determine the practical impacts of politics and preserves the predictability that fosters engagement. Rigorous contestation and third and fourth-line testing are key to generate the self-reflexivity that creates ethical subjects.Activism is not automatic, but requires learning to defend a proposal against rigorous negation to develop skills for strategy, organizing, problem-solving, using resources, and creating coalitions — their impact turns aren’t unique because the government will inevitably try to capture public anxiety, the only question is creating alternative incentives for people to organize.Lakey 13 ~George Lakey co-founded Earth Quaker Action Group which just won its five-year campaign to force a major U.S. bank to give up financing mountaintop removal coal mining. Along with college teaching he has led 1,500 workshops on five continents and led activist projects on local, national, and international levels. Among many other books and articles, he is author of "Strategizing for a Living Revolution" in David Solnit’s book Globalize Liberation. 8 skills of a well-trained activist. June 11, 2013. https://wagingnonviolence.org/feature/8-skills-of-a-well-trained-activist/~~ AND capacity for grassroots skill-building. We’ll be very glad we did. Debate COULD be used badly, but we have impacted the way movements could be built through a political strategy that combat violence through the vision of political action—-their arguments are generic, rooted in abstraction, and are based in an ignorance of an omnipresent power that subjects people to exhaustion in the squoThat’s an independent disad to the aff – they impede movements by imploding the system that creates them – if we prove our movements are more effective, vote negative to preserve debate | 2/21/22 |
2 - K - Baudrillard SexistTournament: Harvard | Round: Octas | Opponent: Hunter AI | Judge: Ahuja - Bourne - Sen 4Baudrillard is a sexist-vote them down to be accountable for the authors they get away with reading every round. There are plenty of other semiocap authors that aren’t raging sexists, why not read them?Gallop 86, Gallop, Jane. 1986. "French theory and the seduction of feminism" AND seduced by what he says ... A line if ever I heard one. It’s not all simulacra —- reality still exists outside the text —- should take into account the people whose lives are actually affected by these imagesSimon Blackburn 7, professor of philosophy at Cambridge University, 4-29-07, "Au revoir Baudrillard," Prospect , http://www.prospectmagazine.co.uk/2007/04/aurevoirbaudrillard/—— ~{hors texte = outside the text~} AND academic) whose work is confined to the production of signs and messages. | 2/21/22 |
2 - NC - Kant vNon TTournament: TFA State | Round: 5 | Opponent: Garland LY | Judge: Joshua George 4The role of the ballot is to determine whether the resolution is a true or false statement –A~ ROBs that aren’t phrased as binaries maximize leeway for interpretation as to who is winning offense. Scalar framing mechanisms necessitate that the judge has to intervene to see who is closest at solving a problem.B~ The ballot says vote aff or neg based on a topic – five dictionaries define to negate as to deny the truth of and affirm as to prove true so it's constitutive and jurisdictional. I denied the truth of the resolution by disagreeing with the aff which means I've met my burden.C~ Nothing leaves this round other than the result on the ballot which means even if there is a higher purpose, it doesn’t change anything, and you should just write whatever is important on the ballot and vote for me.Ethics begin apriori –Is/Ought Gap – we can only perceive what is, not what ought to be. It’s impossible to derive an ought statement from descriptive facts about the world, necessitating a priori premises.Practical Reason is that procedure. To ask for why we should be reasoners concedes its authority since it uses reason – anything else is nonbinding and arbitrary. That hijacks their framework since you need reason to evaluate any relevant consequences.Prefer –Performativity—freedom is the key to the process of justification of arguments. Willing that we should abide by their ethical theory presupposes that we own ourselves in the first place.Put away your generic Kant indicts – our framework is a rejection of the western foundations of Kantianism in favor of a radical reconstruction of inclusion of the racialized and marginalized struggle.Mills 18 Charles W. Mills. "Black Radical Kantianism." Res Philosophica, Vol. 95, No. 1, January 2018, pp. 1–33 https:// doi.org/ 10.11612/ resphil.1622 SJCPJG AND to a white domination predicated on the denial of equal personhood to blacks. Negate:Not defending the topic is non-universalizable b/c if nobody defended the topic than a topic wouldn’t have even been created in the first place which is a contradiction in conception. That outweighs – their indicts are reliant on empiricism but that relies on some conception of coherence which the contradiction in conception denies. | 3/12/22 |
2 - NC - Log Con v2Tournament: Grapevine | Round: 5 | Opponent: Dulles TY | Judge: Das, Sreeyash 1Permissibility and presumption negate – a. the resolution indicates the affirmative has to prove an obligation, and permissibility would deny the existence of an obligation b. Statements are more often false than true because any part can be false so negate because the aff is probably falseThe aff burden is to prove that the resolutional statement is logical, and the reciprocal neg burden is to prove that the resolutional statement is illogical.Prefer:1. Text – Oxford Dictionary defines ought as "used to indicate something that is probable."https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/ought Massa Ought is "used to express logical consequence" as defined by Merriam-Webster(http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/ought) Massa 2. Debatability – a) my interp means debates focus on empirics about squo trends rather than irresolvable abstract principles that’ve been argued for years b) Moral oughts cannot guide action.Gray, Grey, JW. "The Is/Ought Gap: How Do We Get "Ought" from "Is?"" Ethical Realism. N.p., 19 July 2011. Web. 28 Oct. 2015. Massa AND arsenic. If it is, we have some more explaining to do. 4. Neg definition choice – The aff should have defined ought in the 1ac as their value, by not doing so they have forfeited their right to read a new definition – kills 1NC strategy since I premised my engagement on a lack of your definition.~1~ Inherency – either a) the aff is non-inherent and you vote neg on presumption or b) it is and it isn’t logically going to happen. | 9/12/21 |
2 - NC - LogConTournament: Loyola | Round: 1 | Opponent: St Agnes EH | Judge: Connor Self 2Permissibility and presumption negate – a. the resolution indicates the affirmative has to prove an obligation, and permissibility would deny the existence of an obligation b. Statements are more often false than true because any part can be false so negate because the aff is probably false.The standard is consistency with the logical consequence of the resolution. Prefer:1. Text – Oxford Dictionary defines ought as "used to indicate something that is probable."https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/ought Massa Ought is "used to express logical consequence" as defined by Merriam-Webster(http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/ought) Massa 2. Debatability – a) my interp means debates focus on empirics about squo trends rather than irresolvable abstract principles that’ve been argued for years b) Moral oughts cannot guide action due to the is/ought fallacy – we cannot derive moral obligations from what happens in the real world3. Neg definition choice – The aff should have defined ought in the 1ac as their value, by not doing so they have forfeited their right to read a new definition – kills 1NC strategy since I premised my engagement on a lack of your definition.Negate:~1~ Intellectual is defined as "possessing or showing intellect or mental compacity" (Dictionary.com) but property cant possess intellect so the resolutions incoherent~2~ Inherency – either a) the aff is non-inherent and you vote neg on presumption or b) it is and it isn’t logically going to happen.~3~ member means "a body part or organ" (Marriam Webster) but a nation cannot have bodily organs so the resolutions incoherent~4~ To means "indicate movement" (Merriam Webster), but that means the resolution is incoherent because the word ought cannot move to the word reduce. Means you negate on face because you can’t even know what the resolution looks like and an incoherent claim can’t have truth.~5~ Trade means "a publication intended for persons in the entertainment business"(Merriam Webster) but a world entertainment business cannot reduce intellectual property making the resolution incoherent.~6~ Medicine means "a spell, charm, or fetish believed to have healing (Oxford Languages)" so reducing intellectual property protections for spells is incoherent.~7~ Property means "a building" (Oxford Languages) so reducing intellectual buildings is incoherent~8~ Aff has an absolute burden of proof – any doubt means you negate since a claim not that claim can’t be true so any risk of falsity is entirely false. | 9/4/21 |
2 - NC - Truth TestingTournament: Loyola | Round: 1 | Opponent: St Agnes EH | Judge: Connor Self 1The role of the ballot is to determine whether the resolution is a true or false statement – anything else moots 7 minutes of the nc – their framing collapses since you must say it is true that a world is better than another before you adopt it.Substantive skews – there is always a more correct side of the topic but we compensate for flaws in the lit.Scalar methods rely on intervention – the persuasion of certain DA or advantages sway decisions – only a binary resolves that and prevents intervention which is the biggest impact under fairness.Most inclusive because other ROBs allow for oppression Olympics allowing personal lives and experiences to factor in decisions.a priori's 1st – even worlds framing requires ethics that begin from a priori principles like reason or pleasure so we control the internal link to functional debates.The ballot says vote aff or neg based on a topic – five dictionaries define to negate as to deny the truth of and affirm as to prove true which means it’s constitutive and jurisdictional – that outweighs – all your arguments presume the judge evaluates them and controls the IL to topic ed and fairness since the rules of the activity is what we base our arguments on.I denied the truth of the resolution by disagreeing with the aff which means I've met my burden. | 9/4/21 |
2 - NC - UtilTournament: NSD Camp Tournament | Round: 3 | Opponent: AzbelKalaria Bryan Shi | Judge: Sesh Joe 1Permissibility and presumption negate – ~a~ the resolution indicates the aff has to prove an obligation, and permissibility would deny the existence of an obligation ~b~ Statements are more often false than true because any part can be false. This means you negate if there is no offense because the resolution is probably false.The standard is maximizing expected wellbeing.1~ No intent foresight distinction for states.Enoch 07 Enoch, D ~The Faculty of Law, The Hebrew Unviersity, Mount Scopus Campus, Jersusalem~. (2007). INTENDING, FORESEEING, AND THE STATE. Legal Theory, 13(02). doi:10.1017/s1352325207070048 https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/legal-theory/article/intending-foreseeing-and-the-state/76B18896B94D5490ED0512D8E8DC54B2 AND against the intending-foreseeing distinction when applied to state action than elsewhere. 2~ Death is bad and outweighs – a~ agents can’t act if they fear for their bodily security which constrains every ethical theory, b~ it destroys the subject itself – kills any ability to achieve value in ethics since life is a prerequisite which means it’s a side constraint since we can’t reach the end goal of ethics without life3~ Pleasure and pain are the starting point for moral reasoning—they’re our most baseline desires and the only things that explain the intrinsic value of objects or actionsMoen 16, Ole Martin (PhD, Research Fellow in Philosophy at University of Oslo). "An Argument for Hedonism." Journal of Value Inquiry 50.2 (2016): 267. AND notion of legal standing will outstrip the power relations that ground Pettit’s theory. 4~ Extinction outweighsMacAskill 14 ~William, Oxford Philosopher and youngest tenured philosopher in the world, Normative Uncertainty, 2014~ AND with the benefit of keeping one’s options open while one gains new information. 5~ Reject calc indicts(sorry becca):A~ Empirically denied—both individuals and policymakers carry out effective cost-benefit analysis which means even if decisions aren’t always perfect it’s still better than not acting at allB~ Theory—they’re functionally NIBs that everyone knows are silly but skew the aff and move the debate away from the topic and actual philosophical debate, killing valuable education | 7/8/21 |
2 - NC - Util v2Tournament: NSD Camp Tournament | Round: Doubles | Opponent: JoshiPlat Jayden Bai | Judge: Sam Azbel - Rohit Lakshman - Jayanne Forrest 1Permissibility and presumption negate – ~a~ the resolution indicates the aff has to prove an obligation, and permissibility would deny the existence of an obligation ~b~ Statements are more often false than true because any part can be false. This means you negate if there is no offense because the resolution is probably false.The standard is maximizing expected wellbeing.1~ No intent foresight distinction for states.Enoch 07 Enoch, D ~The Faculty of Law, The Hebrew Unviersity, Mount Scopus Campus, Jersusalem~. (2007). INTENDING, FORESEEING, AND THE STATE. Legal Theory, 13(02). doi:10.1017/s1352325207070048 https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/legal-theory/article/intending-foreseeing-and-the-state/76B18896B94D5490ED0512D8E8DC54B2 AND against the intending-foreseeing distinction when applied to state action than elsewhere. 2~ Death is bad and outweighs – a~ agents can’t act if they fear for their bodily security which constrains every ethical theory, b~ it destroys the subject itself – kills any ability to achieve value in ethics since life is a prerequisite which means it’s a side constraint since we can’t reach the end goal of ethics without life3~ Pleasure and pain are the starting point for moral reasoning—they’re our most baseline desires and the only things that explain the intrinsic value of objects or actionsMoen 16, Ole Martin (PhD, Research Fellow in Philosophy at University of Oslo). "An Argument for Hedonism." Journal of Value Inquiry 50.2 (2016): 267. AND notion of legal standing will outstrip the power relations that ground Pettit’s theory. 4~ Extinction outweighsMacAskill 14 ~William, Oxford Philosopher and youngest tenured philosopher in the world, Normative Uncertainty, 2014~ AND with the benefit of keeping one’s options open while one gains new information. 5~ Reject calc indicts:A~ Empirically denied—both individuals and policymakers carry out effective cost-benefit analysis which means even if decisions aren’t always perfect it’s still better than not acting at allB~ Theory—they’re functionally NIBs that everyone knows are silly but skew the aff and move the debate away from the topic and actual philosophical debate, killing valuable education6~ Only moral naturalism can explain the influence of moral facts on the physical world – ethics must be understood a posteriori.Papineau David ~Professor of Philosophy King's College London~, First published Thu Feb 22, 2007; substantive revision Tue Mar 31, 2020 https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/naturalism/~~#MorFac AND conceptual gap, not a metaphysical one (Ridge 2014: Section 2). | 7/9/21 |
2 - NC - Util v3Tournament: Greenhill | Round: 1 | Opponent: Lexington AK | Judge: Tate Weston 2Permissibility and presumption negate – ~a~ the resolution indicates the aff has to prove an obligation, and permissibility would deny the existence of an obligation ~b~ Statements are more often false than true because any part can be false. This means you negate if there is no offense because the resolution is probably false.The standard is maximizing expected wellbeing.1~ No intent foresight distinction for states – governments must use util because they don’t have intentions and are constantly dealing with tradeoffs—outweighs since different agents have different obligations—takes out calc indicts since they are empirically denied.Enoch 07 Enoch, D ~The Faculty of Law, The Hebrew Unviersity, Mount Scopus Campus, Jersusalem~. (2007). INTENDING, FORESEEING, AND THE STATE. Legal Theory, 13(02). doi:10.1017/s1352325207070048 https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/legal-theory/article/intending-foreseeing-and-the-state/76B18896B94D5490ED0512D8E8DC54B2 AND against the intending-foreseeing distinction when applied to state action than elsewhere. 2~ Death is bad and outweighs – a~ agents can’t act if they fear for their bodily security which constrains every ethical theory, b~ it destroys the subject itself – kills any ability to achieve value in ethics since life is a prerequisite which means it’s a side constraint since we can’t reach the end goal of ethics without life3~ Pleasure and pain are the starting point for moral reasoning—they’re our most baseline desires and the only things that explain the intrinsic value of objects or actionsMoen 16, Ole Martin (PhD, Research Fellow in Philosophy at University of Oslo). "An Argument for Hedonism." Journal of Value Inquiry 50.2 (2016): 267. AND notion of legal standing will outstrip the power relations that ground Pettit’s theory. 4~ Extinction outweighsMacAskill 14 ~William, Oxford Philosopher and youngest tenured philosopher in the world, Normative Uncertainty, 2014~ AND with the benefit of keeping one’s options open while one gains new information. 5~ Reject calc indicts:A~ Empirically denied—both individuals and policymakers carry out effective cost-benefit analysis which means even if decisions aren’t always perfect it’s still better than not acting at allB~ Theory—they’re functionally NIBs that everyone knows are silly but skew the aff and move the debate away from the topic and actual philosophical debate, killing valuable education6~ Util is key to debates about IP.Kar 19 ~Mohit; Writer at the Original Position; "Utilitarianism in the Context of Intellectual Property," The Original Position; 9/18/19; https://originalpositionnluj.wordpress.com/2019/09/18/utilitarianism-in-the-context-of-intellectual-property/~~ Justin AND offset by the prospect of obtaining license fees on their own patents.’ Outweighs –A~ Most articles about IP are written through util – means other frameworks can never engage with core questions of the lit and decks predictability – equal topic lit means fair ground.B~ TJFs first – substance begs the question of a framework being good for debate – fairness is a gateway issue to deciding the winner and education is the reason schools fund debate. | 3/12/22 |
2 - NC - Util v4Tournament: UT | Round: 1 | Opponent: Cypress Woods CL | Judge: David Dosch 1The standard is maximizing expected well-being – to clarify, saving lives. Calc indicts don’t link—my framework evaluates offense—pandemics is bad because as far as we know, it would cause suffering.1~ Death outweighs— A~ Agents can’t act if they fear for their bodily security—my framework constrains every NC and K and B~ It’s the worst form of evil:Paterson 3 – Department of Philosophy, Providence College, Rhode Island (Craig, "A Life Not Worth Living?", Studies in Christian Ethics. AND the person, the very source and condition of all human possibility.82 2~ Actor spec—governments must use util because they don’t have intentions and are constantly dealing with tradeoffs—outweighs since different agents have different obligations—takes out calc indicts since they are empirically denied.3~ No intent-foresight distinction for states.Enoch 07 Enoch, D ~The Faculty of Law, The Hebrew Unviersity, Mount Scopus Campus, Jersusalem~. (2007). INTENDING, FORESEEING, AND THE STATE. Legal Theory, 13(02). doi:10.1017/s1352325207070048 https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/legal-theory/article/intending-foreseeing-and-the-state/76B18896B94D5490ED0512D8E8DC54B2 AND against the intending-foreseeing distinction when applied to state action than elsewhere. 4~ Only consequentialism explains degrees of wrongness—if I break a promise to meet up for lunch, that is not as bad as breaking a promise to take a dying person to the hospital. Only the consequences of breaking the promise explain why the second one is much worse than the first which is the most intuitive.Outweighs- A~ Parsimony- metaphysics relies on long chains of questionable claims that make conclusions less likely. B~ Hijacks- intuitions are inevitable since even every framework must take some unjustified assumption as a starting point.Impact calc –1~ Extinction outweighs: A~ Reversibility- it forecloses the alternative because we can’t improve society if we are all dead B~ Structural violence- death causes suffering because people can’t get access to resources and basic necessities C~ Objectivity- body count is the most objective way to calculate impacts because comparing suffering is unethical D~ Uncertainty- if we’re unsure about which interpretation of the world is true, we should preserve the world to keep debating about it2~ Calc indicts fail: A~ Ethics- it would indict everything since they use events to understand how their ethics have worked B~ Reciprocity- they are NIBs that create a 2:1 skew where I have to answer them to access offense while they only have to win one C~ Internalism- asking why we value pain and pleasure is nonsensical cuz the answer is intrinsic since we just do, which means we still prefer hedonism despite shortcomings. | 12/3/21 |
2 - NC - Util v5Tournament: Harvard RR | Round: 3 | Opponent: Houston Memorial DanXu | Judge: Garber - He 1The standard is maximizing expected well being. ~To clarify, hedonistic act util~. Prefer –1~ Only pleasure and pain are intrinsically valuable – all other frameworks collapse.Moen 16 ~Ole Martin Moen, Research Fellow in Philosophy at University of Oslo "An Argument for Hedonism" Journal of Value Inquiry (Springer), 50 (2) 2016: 267–281~ AND places where we reach the end of the line in matters of value. 2~ Only consequentialism explains degrees of wrongness—if I break a promise to meet up for lunch, that is not as bad as breaking a promise to take a dying person to the hospital. Only the consequences of breaking the promise explain why the second one is much worse than the first which is the most intuitive.Outweighs- A~ Parsimony- metaphysics relies on long chains of questionable claims that make conclusions less likely. B~ Hijacks- intuitions are inevitable since even every framework must take some unjustified assumption as a starting point.3~ Only moral naturalism can explain the influence of moral facts on the physical world – ethics must be understood a posteriori.Papineau David ~Professor of Philosophy King's College London~, First published Thu Feb 22, 2007; substantive revision Tue Mar 31, 2020 https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/naturalism/~~#MorFac AND conceptual gap, not a metaphysical one (Ridge 2014: Section 2). Impact calc –Extinction mathematically outweighs.MacAskill 14 ~William, Oxford Philosopher and youngest tenured philosopher in the world, Normative Uncertainty, 2014~ AND with the benefit of keeping one’s options open while one gains new information. | 2/19/22 |
2 - NC - Util v6Tournament: Harvard | Round: 4 | Opponent: Clements MM | Judge: Viren Abhyankar 1The standard is maximizing expected well-being –1~ Pleasure and pain are intrinsic value and disvalue – everything else regresses – robust neuroscience.Blum et al. 18 Kenneth Blum, 1Department of Psychiatry, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Dayton VA Medical Center, Wright State University, Dayton, OH, USA 2Department of Psychiatry, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA 3Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Keck Medicine University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA 4Division of Applied Clinical Research and Education, Dominion Diagnostics, LLC, North Kingstown, RI, USA 5Department of Precision Medicine, Geneus Health LLC, San Antonio, TX, USA 6Department of Addiction Research and Therapy, Nupathways Inc., Innsbrook, MO, USA 7Department of Clinical Neurology, Path Foundation, New York, NY, USA 8Division of Neuroscience-Based Addiction Therapy, The Shores Treatment and Recovery Center, Port Saint Lucie, FL, USA 9Institute of Psychology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary 10Division of Addiction Research, Dominion Diagnostics, LLC. North Kingston, RI, USA 11Victory Nutrition International, Lederach, PA., USA 12National Human Genome Center at Howard University, Washington, DC., USA, Marjorie Gondré-Lewis, 12National Human Genome Center at Howard University, Washington, DC., USA 13Departments of Anatomy and Psychiatry, Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, DC US, Bruce Steinberg, 4Division of Applied Clinical Research and Education, Dominion Diagnostics, LLC, North Kingstown, RI, USA, Igor Elman, 15Department Psychiatry, Cooper University School of Medicine, Camden, NJ, USA, David Baron, 3Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Keck Medicine University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA, Edward J Modestino, 14Department of Psychology, Curry College, Milton, MA, USA, Rajendra D Badgaiyan, 15Department Psychiatry, Cooper University School of Medicine, Camden, NJ, USA, Mark S Gold 16Department of Psychiatry, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA, "Our evolved unique pleasure circuit makes humans different from apes: Reconsideration of data derived from animal studies", U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, 28 February 2018, accessed: 19 August 2020, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6446569/, R.S. AND these circuits contribute to diverse pathologies, including obesity and addiction or RDS. 2~ Extinction outweighs:A~ Comes before value-to-life.Tännsjö 11 (Torbjörn, the Kristian Claëson Professor of Practical Philosophy at Stockholm University, "Shalt Thou Sometimes Murder? On the Ethics of Killing," http://people.su.se/~~jolso/HS-texter/shaltthou.pdf) BS 1-27-2018 AND suffering (in their lives) than I avoid (in my life). B~ Mathemathically comes firstMacAskill 14 ~William, Oxford Philosopher and youngest tenured philosopher in the world, Normative Uncertainty, 2014~ AND with the benefit of keeping one’s options open while one gains new information. C~ Focus on future extinction is good and the alternative is depoliticizing—-the aff’s representations inspire action in the present.Baum 15 – Co-director of the Global Catastrophic Risk Institute with a PhD from Penn State in Geography (Seth D. Baum, September 2015, "The Far Future Argument for Confronting Catastrophic Threats to Humanity: Practical Significance and Alternatives," published in Futures, vol. 72 pg. 86-96, http://sethbaum.com/ac/2015'FarFuture.pdf) AND , it is important to emphasize how the far future can inspire action. | 2/19/22 |
2 - PIC - UndercommonsTournament: Mid America Cup | Round: Doubles | Opponent: Perry JA | Judge: Barquin - Dandu - Singh 3We endorse the aff’s method absent the usage of the undercommons—-1~ They let feds in debate rounds coopt their movement—-Moten and Harney hate itSchepers 17 (Emily Schepers, veteran civil and immigrant rights activist, doctorate in cultural anthropology from Northwestern University, September 18, 2017. "Agents provocateurs and the manipulation of the radical left." https://www.peoplesworld.org/article/agents-provocateurs-and-the-manipulation-of-the-radical-left/) AND . Let us work on that basis and avoid tactics that undermine it. 2~ Tying ballots to survivability or the aff is violent as it forces the judge to determine whether their method was "good enough" to get the ballot, which causes self hatred given losses3~ Allows judges to dissuade their guilt by voting aff instead of participating in actual movements4~ No solvency and turn – debate as a communicative act may be violent, but their authors don’t differentiate it from the rest of the world it’s just an institution inside logistics – eradicating it will do nothing. They just create cruel optimism by creating a feel good solution to logistics which turns case | 9/27/21 |
JANFEB - CP - Brownie on the MoonTournament: Harvard | Round: 4 | Opponent: Clements MM | Judge: Viren Abhyankar 2Text: Space faring nations shouldCreate collaborations with developing nations in off-Earth resource developmentShare space technology with developing nationsCreate an international body that regulates space mining as outlined by Liu et alSolves inequality and creates an Earth-centered mindsetLiu et al 21 ~Liu, Ziqi, Ming Zhang, and Liwen Liu. Received: 11 April 2021 / Revised: 2 June 2021 / Accepted: 3 June 2021 / Published: 6 June 2021. "Benchmark of the Trends of Spatial Inequality in World Megaregions" Sustainability 13, no. 11: 6456. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13116456~~ AND taken into ac- count should be part of the mine planning process. | 2/19/22 |
JANFEB - CP - China ASATTournament: Emory | Round: Octas | Opponent: Harker AR | Judge: Palmer - Bosley - Mukherjee 3CP Text: The United States should work with allies to expand space-based military capabilities and expand arms control to end Chinese ASAT capabilities – spec below.We will defend our solvency evidence – that includes banning targeting of satellites, peace talks and negotiations with China, punishment of aggression, elimination of ASAT weapons and deployment, and a prohibition on testing, stockpiling, and development of ASAT technologies. The counterplan solves ASAT escalation.Sankaran 14 ~Fellow at the Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs at Harvard’s Kennedy School of Government and was previously a Stanton Nuclear Security Fellow at the RAND Corporation. Sankaran received his doctorate in international security from the Maryland School of Public Policy, where he wrote his dissertation on space security. "Limits of the Chinese Antisatellite Threat to the United States." https://www.cissm.umd.edu/sites/default/files/Limits20of20the20Chinese20Antisatellite20Threat20to20the20United20States.pdf~~ Recut Justin AND ground rules during times of peace will help to provide such support.54 It secures hegemony and de-escalates conflict.Bowman and Thompson 3-31 ~(Bradley Bowman, the senior director of the Center on Military and Political Power at the Foundation for Defense of Democracies) (Jared Thompson, a U.S. Air Force major and visiting military analyst at the Foundation for Defense of Democracies.) "Russia and China Seek to Tie America’s Hands in Space" Foreign Policy 3/31/2021. https://foreignpolicy.com/2021/03/31/russia-china-space-war-treaty-demilitarization-satellites/~~ BC Recut Justin AND behaviours" in space, which could reduce the chances for dangerous miscalculation. It's enforceable and China agrees.Arbatov 19 ~Alexey Arbatov is the head of the Center for International Security at the Primakov National Research Institute of World Economy and International Relations. Arbatov is a former scholar in residence and the chair of the Carnegie Moscow Center’s Nonproliferation Program. Formerly, he was a member of the State Duma, vice chairman of the Russian United Democratic Party (Yabloko), and deputy chairman of the Duma Defense Committee. "Arms control in outer space: The Russian angle, and a possible way forward." https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00963402.2019.1628475?journalCode=rbul20~~ Justin AND ballistic missile defense as a possible cause for invoking the withdrawal right.49 | 1/31/22 |
JANFEB - CP - China Asteroid MiningTournament: Emory | Round: Octas | Opponent: Harker AR | Judge: Palmer - Bosley - Mukherjee 4CP Text: The People’s Republic of China should—-ban private actor appropriation except for Asteroid Mining.—-de-militarize its space industry.—-eliminate ASAT weapons and nuclear arsenals—-end cooperation with Russia.China’s key for asteroid mining and solves warming.Cohen 21 – Ariel Cohen 10-26-2021 "China’s Space Mining Industry Is Prepping For Launch – But What About The US?" https://www.forbes.com/sites/arielcohen/2021/10/26/chinas-space-mining-industry-is-prepping-for-launch—but-what-about-the-us/?sh=6b8bea862ae0 (I am a Senior Fellow at the Atlantic Council and the Founding Principal of International Market Analysis, a Washington, D.C.-based global risk advisory boutique)Elmer AND – are no doubt a driving factor of China’s ever increasing space ambitions. Extinction.Dr. Peter Kareiva 18 – Ph.D. in Ecology and Applied Mathematics from Cornell University, Director of the Institute of the Environment and Sustainability at UCLA, Pritzker Distinguished Professor in Environment and Sustainability at UCLA, et al., September 2018, "Existential Risk Due To Ecosystem Collapse: Nature Strikes Back", Futures, Volume 102, p. 39-50 AND complete scientific understanding when it comes to positive feedback loops and climate change. | 1/31/22 |
JANFEB - CP - CryptoTournament: NDCA | Round: 4 | Opponent: Marlborough ML | Judge: Truman Le 3Text: States should create significant subsidies for private entities to create terrestrially accessible blockchain verification computing centers and cryptocurrency mining centers on the Moon and Deep Space. States ought to adopt a binding international agreement that bans all other appropriation of outer space by private entities by establishing outer space as a global commons subject to regulatory delimiting and global liability.Climate-motivated terrestrial mining regulations kill crypto now – those don’t get applied to space because of unique environments – that saves crypto with sufficient private investmentGreene 21 Greene, Tristan. Tristan covers human-centric artificial intelligence advances, quantum computing, STEM, Spiderman, physics, and space stuff. As far as I can tell his highest level of education was that he was in the Navy for a while. "What happens to Bitcoin when billionaires build cryptocurrency miners on the Moon?" TNW | Hardfork, 8 June 2021, thenextweb.com/news/bitcoin-billionaires-build-cryptocurrency-miners-on-moon-bitcoin. AND new green mining technology, may be moving the cryptocurrency industry to space. Cryptocurrency reach a wide rollout—-that builds resilience to survive inevitable existential filters.Alex McShane 21, Writer and Head of Video for Bitcoin Magazine, BA from the University of Iowa, Degree from the University College Dublin, Degree from Kirkwood Community College, "Bitcoin and Existential Risk", Bitcoin Magazine, 9/5/2021, https://bitcoinmagazine.com/culture/bitcoin-and-existential-risk-alex-mcshane AND change is to exit fiat currency, it is to use Bitcoin instead. | 4/10/22 |
JANFEB - CP - Debris AdvTournament: debateLA Challenge | Round: 1 | Opponent: Lexington AG | Judge: Moorhead - Quisenberry 2States ought to establish a regulatory framework regarding private entities in Low Earth Orbit:—-that mandates the incorporation of Space Sustainability Ratings;—-that mandates Space Traffic Management for all entities in space, including Active Debris Removal;—-that facilitates the creation of Public Private Partnerships between States and private entities creating megaconstellations.Solves tracking satellites, norms, co-operation, info, collisions, and access—-empirics prove.Bhakare 21 ~Nikita; IV B.A. LL.B. student, ILS Law College, Pune (India) "THE NEED FOR EVOLVING LEGAL FRAMEWORK FOR REGULATION OF SPACE DEBRIS CAUSED BY SATELLITE CONSTELLATIONS" https://conference.sdo.esoc.esa.int/proceedings/sdc8/paper/310/SDC8-paper310.pdf~~ brett AND is advantageous. For eg, CleanSpace, engaging in ADR mentioned above. | 1/13/22 |
JANFEB - CP - Debris Adv v2Tournament: Emory | Round: 5 | Opponent: Sage MP | Judge: Gerard Grisby 3CP Text – States ought toTax revenue from private appropriation of outer space under a corporate tax scheme and use that to fund sustainable development initiatives at the UN for the benefit of people on earthimplement cooperative active debris removal measures aimed at mitigating debris from mega-constellations.Taxing Private space companies allows for viable long-term funding for the UNIllopoulos and Esteban 20 Iliopoulos, Nikolaos; Esteban, Miguel (2020). Sustainable space exploration and its relevance to the privatization of space ventures. Acta Astronautica, 167(), 85–92. doi:10.1016/j.actaastro.2019.09.037 (Graduate Program in Sustainability Science– Global Leadership Initiative, The University of Tokyo, Building of Environmental Studies, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa City, Chiba 277-8563 Japan. Miguel Esteban has published 41 articles on ScienceDirect) Aadit AND or that at least some fraction of the profits should fund this organization. 2nd plank solves debrisHardy 20, Brian Patrick. Long-term effects of satellite megaconstellations on the debris environment in low earth orbit. Diss. 2020. (Master of Science in Aerospace Engineering in the Graduate College of the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign)Elmer AND be a viable mitigation strategy for megaconstellations with sub-optimal PMD rates. | 1/29/22 |
JANFEB - CP - Extend ISSTournament: NDCA | Round: 2 | Opponent: Westwood SP | Judge: Samantha Mcloughlin 3States ought to extend the lifespan of the International Space Station, including continuing cyclical modernization and upgrades of the international space station to indefinitely extend its lifespan.Solves without regulating private industryJean-Christophe Mauduit 17. The Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy at Tufts University. "Collaboration around the International Space Station: science for diplomacy and its implication for U.S.-Russia and China relations." https://swfound.org/media/205798/sais-conference-jcmauduit-paper.pdf AND and that there is hope for change if politics are reversed on Earth. | 4/9/22 |
JANFEB - CP - Global Con ConTournament: Churchill | Round: 5 | Opponent: CypWoo CT | Judge: Breigh Plat 1States ought to call a global constitutional convention and establish a constitution reflecting intergenerational concern with exclusive authority to ban appropriation of outer space by private entities and bind participating bodies to its result.That solves the aff – it addresses shared anxieties while building political consensusGardiner 1 ~Stephen M. Gardiner, Professor of Philosophy and Ben Rabinowitz Endowed Professor of Human Dimensions of the Environment at the University of Washington, Seattle, "A Call for a Global Constitutional Convention Focused on Future Generations," 2014, Ethics and International Affairs, Vol. 28, Issue 3, pp. 299-315, https://doi.org/10.1017/S0892679414000379, EA~ AND do better, would be a central issue for discussion by the convention. It spills over to foster broader intergenerational representation, but independence is keyGardiner 2 ~Stephen M. Gardiner, Professor of Philosophy and Ben Rabinowitz Endowed Professor of Human Dimensions of the Environment at the University of Washington, Seattle, "A Call for a Global Constitutional Convention Focused on Future Generations," 2014, Ethics and International Affairs, Vol. 28, Issue 3, pp. 299-315, https://doi.org/10.1017/S0892679414000379, EA~ AND waste) but also the need to identify similar threats before they arise. Proactive measures mitigate a laundry list of emerging catastrophic risks – extinctionBeckstead et al. 14 ~Nick Beckstead, Nick Bostrom, Niel Bowerman, Owen Cotton-Barratt, William MacAskill, Seán Ó hÉigeartaigh, Toby Ord, * Future of Humanity Institute, University of Oxford, Director, Future of Humanity Institute, University of Oxford, * Global Priorities Project, Centre for Effective Altruism; Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Global Priorities Project, Centre for Effective Altruism; Future of Humanity Institute, University of Oxford, * Uehiro Centre for Practical Ethics, University of Oxford, Cambridge Centre for the Study of Existential Risk; Future of Humanity Institute, University of Oxford, * Programme on the Impacts of Future Technology, Oxford Martin School, University of Oxford, "Policy Brief: Unprecedented Technological Risks," 2014, The Global Priorities Project, The Future of Humanity Institute, The Oxford Martin Programme on the Impacts of Future Technology, and The Centre for the Study of Existential Risk, https://www.fhi.ox.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/Unprecedented-Technological-Risks.pdf, Accessed: 03/13/21, EA~ AND in the near future, even if no such breakthroughs currently appear imminent. Maintaining sustainable use of outer space is key to future generationsIslam 18 ~Mohammad Saiful Islam, Mohammad works for the Institute of Advanced Judicial Studies and the Beijing Institute of Technology. 4-27-2018, "The Sustainable Use of Outer Space: Complications and Legal Challenges to the Peaceful Uses and Benefit of Humankind," Beijing Law Review, https://www.scirp.org/journal/paperinformation.aspx?paperid=85201 accessed 12/12/21~ Adam AND over-exploitation of resources and environmental havoc (Fountain, 2002) . | 1/13/22 |
JANFEB - CP - Helium-3Tournament: Tournament of Champions | Round: 6 | Opponent: Monta Vista KR | Judge: Bennet Dombcik 4CP: The appropriation of outer space through lunar mining by private entities should be banned except for the appropriation of lunar heritage sites in the Sea of Tranquility by helium-3 mining. States ought to clarify that the lunar mining of helium-3 is permissible under the Outer Space Treaty by adding an optional protocol under Article II.Tranquility mining is key – it has the highest known density of He-3.O’Reilly 16 LUNAR EXPLORATION FOR HE-3 Bryan O’Reilly The Ohio State University 2016 https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/159567253.pdf SM AND large He-3 concentrations (e.g. Schmitt, 2006). Only mining at Tranquility sites is economically feasible and profitable – it’s the only location with enough data to be categorized as a measured resource.Schmidt 06 "Return to the Moon exploration, enterprise, and energy in the human settlement of space" Harrison Schmidt ~an American geologist, retired NASA astronaut, university professor, former U.S. senator from New Mexico, and the most recent person living, and only civilian to have walked on the Moon. Schmitt is the last surviving crew member of Apollo 17~ https://www.amazon.com/Return-Moon-Exploration-Enterprise-Settlement/dp/0387242856 SM AND another 195,000 km2 of medium grade concentrations all within Mare Tranquillitatis. Helium-3 fusion possible now—Solves warming and energy infrastructure reliabilityWhittington 21 (Mark, contributor to the Hill. "Solving the climate and energy crises: Mine the Moon's helium-3?"https://thehill.com/opinion/technology/540856-solving-the-climate-and-energy-crises-mine-the-moons-helium-3 February 28, 2021)DR 22 AND Institute has achieved some progress in minimizing radioactive neutron production using different technology. Extinction from energy collapse – turns the case and solves "flashpoints"Greene 19 ~Sherrell R. Greene Mr. Greene received his B.S. and M.S. degrees in Nuclear Engineering from the University of Tennessee. He is a recognized subject matter expert in nuclear reactor safety, nuclear fuel cycle technologies, and advanced reactor concept development. Mr. Greene is widely acclaimed for his systems analysis, team building, innovation, knowledge organization, presentation, and technical communication skills. Mr. Greene worked at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) for over three decades. During his career at ORNL, he served as Director of Research Reactor Development Programs and Director of Nuclear Technology Programs. . "Enhancing Electric Grid, Critical Infrastructure, and Societal Resilience with Resilient Nuclear Power Plants (rNPPs)." https://ans.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/00295450.2018.1505357?needAccess=true edited for ableist language in brackets~~~ AND simultaneously, and with or without coordinated physical attacks on Critical Infrastructure assets. Extinction from warming—feedback loops bypass defenseNg ’19 ~Yew-Kwang; May 2019; Professor of Economics at Nanyang Technology University, Fellow of the Academy of Social Sciences in Australia and Member of the Advisory Board at the Global Priorities Institute at Oxford University, Ph.D. in Economics from Sydney University; Global Policy, "Keynote: Global Extinction and Animal Welfare: Two Priorities for Effective Altruism," vol. 10, no. 2, p. 258-266~ AND the whole world is more important to avoid by literally a trillion times. | 4/24/22 |
JANFEB - CP - Helium-3Tournament: Tournament of Champions | Round: 6 | Opponent: Monta Vista KR | Judge: Bennet Dombcik 4CP: The appropriation of outer space through lunar mining by private entities should be banned except for the appropriation of lunar heritage sites in the Sea of Tranquility by helium-3 mining. States ought to clarify that the lunar mining of helium-3 is permissible under the Outer Space Treaty by adding an optional protocol under Article II.Tranquility mining is key – it has the highest known density of He-3.O’Reilly 16 LUNAR EXPLORATION FOR HE-3 Bryan O’Reilly The Ohio State University 2016 https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/159567253.pdf SM AND large He-3 concentrations (e.g. Schmitt, 2006). Only mining at Tranquility sites is economically feasible and profitable – it’s the only location with enough data to be categorized as a measured resource.Schmidt 06 "Return to the Moon exploration, enterprise, and energy in the human settlement of space" Harrison Schmidt ~an American geologist, retired NASA astronaut, university professor, former U.S. senator from New Mexico, and the most recent person living, and only civilian to have walked on the Moon. Schmitt is the last surviving crew member of Apollo 17~ https://www.amazon.com/Return-Moon-Exploration-Enterprise-Settlement/dp/0387242856 SM AND another 195,000 km2 of medium grade concentrations all within Mare Tranquillitatis. Helium-3 fusion possible now—Solves warming and energy infrastructure reliabilityWhittington 21 (Mark, contributor to the Hill. "Solving the climate and energy crises: Mine the Moon's helium-3?"https://thehill.com/opinion/technology/540856-solving-the-climate-and-energy-crises-mine-the-moons-helium-3 February 28, 2021)DR 22 AND Institute has achieved some progress in minimizing radioactive neutron production using different technology. Extinction from energy collapse – turns the case and solves "flashpoints"Greene 19 ~Sherrell R. Greene Mr. Greene received his B.S. and M.S. degrees in Nuclear Engineering from the University of Tennessee. He is a recognized subject matter expert in nuclear reactor safety, nuclear fuel cycle technologies, and advanced reactor concept development. Mr. Greene is widely acclaimed for his systems analysis, team building, innovation, knowledge organization, presentation, and technical communication skills. Mr. Greene worked at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) for over three decades. During his career at ORNL, he served as Director of Research Reactor Development Programs and Director of Nuclear Technology Programs. . "Enhancing Electric Grid, Critical Infrastructure, and Societal Resilience with Resilient Nuclear Power Plants (rNPPs)." https://ans.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/00295450.2018.1505357?needAccess=true edited for ableist language in brackets~~~ AND simultaneously, and with or without coordinated physical attacks on Critical Infrastructure assets. Extinction from warming—feedback loops bypass defenseNg ’19 ~Yew-Kwang; May 2019; Professor of Economics at Nanyang Technology University, Fellow of the Academy of Social Sciences in Australia and Member of the Advisory Board at the Global Priorities Institute at Oxford University, Ph.D. in Economics from Sydney University; Global Policy, "Keynote: Global Extinction and Animal Welfare: Two Priorities for Effective Altruism," vol. 10, no. 2, p. 258-266~ AND the whole world is more important to avoid by literally a trillion times. | 4/24/22 |
JANFEB - CP - HotlinesTournament: debateLA Challenge | Round: 5 | Opponent: Sequoia AS | Judge: Patel - Baez 3CP text: The United States federal government ought:Substantially increase direct military-to-military communications and regular formal dialogue on strategic stability with Russia and China.Hotlines and dialogue prevent escalation and miscalculation – polarity control isn’t key and won’t solveTrenin 19 ~Dr. Dmitri Vitalyevich Trenin, PhD is the director of the Carnegie Moscow Center, a think tank and regional affiliate of the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. Strategic Stability in the Changing World. March 2019. https://carnegieendowment.org/files/3-15'Trenin'StrategicStability.pdf~~ AND issues will likely remain blocked for a long time due to political reasons. | 1/14/22 |
JANFEB - CP - Mining AdvTournament: Harvard Westlake | Round: 2 | Opponent: Harker SY | Judge: Julian Kuffour 2CP: Space faring nations should establish a multilateral agreement that bans asteroid redirection mining projects and bans the weaponization of outer space.Solves for all of their asteroid mining debris scenarios. Strake reads yellow:Sarah Scoles 15, "Dust from asteroid mining spells danger for satellites," New Scientist, 5-27-2015, https://www.newscientist.com/article/mg22630235-100-dust-from-asteroid-mining-spells-danger-for-satellites/ AND "A few basic precautions will prevent harm due to stray asteroid material." | 1/15/22 |
JANFEB - CP - Natural DisastersTournament: NDCA | Round: 5 | Opponent: Sequoia AS | Judge: Ari Davidson 3Counterplan: Private entities ought not appropriate outer space via Large Satellite Constellations in Lower Earth Orbit except for private companies in Asia appropriating outer space for the purposes of emergency communications in the event of disaster relief or external shocks.Private LEO constellations are economically viable in the long term, but require upfront investment – those uniquely solve disaster response because of satellite internet’s connectivity options for island countriesGarrity and Husar 21 Garrity, John, and Arndt Husar. John Garrity is an economist, policy advisor, and project manager focusing on digital inclusion, universal internet access policy, and last-mile connectivity. He has coauthored numerous reports on technology and development and has presented around the world on efforts to close the digital divide. Arndt Husar facilitates the effective use of digital technology, advising ADB clients, regional departments, as well as sector and thematic groups on digital transformation. " Digital Connectivity and Low Earth Orbit Satellite Constellations: Opportunities for Asia and the Pacific." (2021). AND For many rural and remote communities, satellites are the only connectivity option. The Asia-Pacific is the most disaster-prone region in the world – the next catastrophe is a question of when, not ifThomas Bickford et al 15, Ph.D., senior research scientist in CNA Corporation’s China Studies division, "The Role of the U.S. Army in Asia," May, https://www.cna.org/CNA'files/PDF/CRM-2015-U-010431-Final.pdf AND international assistance, as Japan did after the March 2011 earthquake and tsunami. Disasters are an existential threat—-it’s try or die for response and coordination.Frederick Tipson 13, adviser to the USIP Center of Innovation on Science, Technology, and Peacebuilding whose career has included positions in the UN Development Programme, Microsoft, Hongkong Telecom, ATandT, the Markle Foundation, the Senate Foreign Relations Committee, and the University of Virginia Law School, BA in History from Stanford, MA in IR from Yale, PhD and JD from UVA, "Natural Disasters as Threats to Peace", 2013, United States Institute of Peace, https://www.usip.org/sites/default/files/resources/Natural20Disasters20as20Threats20to20Peace20SR324.pdf hhb AND create new zones of instability, hostility, and populist pretexts for aggressive steps | 4/10/22 |
JANFEB - CP - Regulate MiningTournament: Harvard Westlake | Round: 3 | Opponent: Dwight Englewood | Judge: Vishan Chaudhary 2Counterplan text: The Committee on the Peaceful use of Outer Space ought to establish an application system for property rights on celestial bodies conditioned upon open disclosure of data and applications. Private entities will only be granted one property grant per celestial body.CP solves the Case – 1~ Solves multilat because it eliminates ambiguity over property rights regime and 2~ Solves Advantage 2 because the Committee can stop rogue states and terrorist groups from illegally using mining for Asteroid Terrorism which their 1AC card concedes solves. 3~ Solves resources advantage because resource conflict relies on unregulated space that fosters harmful competitionMining regulations ensure Mining is safe.Steffen 21 ~Olaf Steffen, Olaf is a scientist at the Institute of Composite Structures and Adaptive Sytems at the German Aerospace Center. 12-2-2021, "Explore to Exploit: A Data-Centred Approach to Space Mining Regulation," Institute of Composite Structures and Adaptive Systems, German Aerospace Center, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0265964621000515 accessed 12/12/21~ Adam AND of a NEO's orbit to intercept Earth by changing its mass through mining. Condo advantage counterplans are good – key to test the intrinsicness of aff impacts – winning a straight turn doesn’t prove the aff is a good idea or better than the squo which is the aff’s burden, and no policymaker would implement a proposal just because it’s not the worst idea. | 1/16/22 |
JANFEB - CP - Solar ShadesTournament: Harvard | Round: Octas | Opponent: Hunter AI | Judge: Ahuja - Bourne - Sen 2Text – The appropriation of outer space by private entities is unjust except for solar shades placed at the L1 point for solar radiation management. We’ll defend the proposal outlined by Cummings et al 17.It’s competitive, solves warming and debris, and better than any alternativeCummings et al 17 (*Laura, Vice President - Georgetown Space Law Society, Federal Aviation Administration, Georgetown University Law Center, *David Brain is an Assistant Professor at the University of Colorado at Boulder in the Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics and the Department of Astrophysical and Planetary Sciences, "A Shadow of the Future: A Proposal for Construction of A Solar Shade and its Implementation through International Cooperation", University of Colorado, Boulder, https://scholar.colorado.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2728andcontext=honr'theses, Fall 2017, Ak.) Recut Jet AND an already polluted climate system. Space shades are the future of geoengineering. Climate change causes extinction.Dr. Peter Kareiva 18 – Ph.D. in Ecology and Applied Mathematics from Cornell University, Director of the Institute of the Environment and Sustainability at UCLA, Pritzker Distinguished Professor in Environment and Sustainability at UCLA, et al., September 2018, "Existential Risk Due To Ecosystem Collapse: Nature Strikes Back", Futures, Volume 102, p. 39-50 AND complete scientific understanding when it comes to positive feedback loops and climate change. Extinction outwieghsUncertainty | 2/21/22 |
JANFEB - CP - Space Stalkers AdvTournament: Tournament of Champions | Round: 1 | Opponent: Strath Haven AM | Judge: Joseph Barquin 2The United States federal government should:— substantially increase development and deployment of defensive ‘bodyguard’ satellites;— substantially increase investment in and development of space resilience measures including hosted payloads, on-orbit spares, and increased rapid replacement abilities, ground-based resilience measures including proliferating ground control links, additional mission control facilities, and non-fixed launch sites, alternatives to space reliance in the design of weapons systems, an counter-ASAT attribution capabilities.— negotiate a new multiple-link hotline system that communicates linking the United States National Security Council directly to the Security Council of Russia and the People’s Liberation ArmyBodyguards solve.Chow 18 ~Brian, independent policy analyst, 25 years as a senior physical scientist specializing in space and national security; PhD in physics from Case Western Reserve University; MBA/PhD in finance from the University of Michigan, "Rescind the proposed budget cut for launching DARPA’s RSGS robotic servicing spacecraft," August 29, 2018, https://spacenews.com/rescind-the-proposed-budget-cut-for-launching-darpas-rsgs-robotic-servicing-spacecraft~~ AND Let’s rescind this proposed budget cut now, before it is too late. Investing in a suite of resilience and diversity measures as well as non-space alternatives for future weapons systems changes China’s calculus on ASAT attacks by denying benefitCheng 17 ~Dean, Senior Research Fellow, The Heritage Foundation, 2017, "Space Deterrence, the U.S.-Japan Alliance, and Asian Security: A U.S. Perspective," in The U.S.-Japan Alliance and Deterring Gray Zone Coercion in the Maritime, Cyber, and Space Domains, p. 88-90~ AND -breathing systems and near-space capabilities, into their initial design. hotlines solve miscalcErwin 21 ~Sandra Erwin, 11-3-2021, "One way to help prevent wars in space? Military hotlines with Russia and China," SpaceNews, https://spacenews.com/one-way-to-help-prevent-wars-in-space-military-hotlines-with-russia-and-china/~~ Jet AND those independently, and there’s so much shared capacity that we could leverage." | 4/23/22 |
JANFEB - CT - Cap GoodTournament: Emory | Round: 4 | Opponent: Lake Highland AV | Judge: Sam Larson 1NC—CapPrivate sector is key to miningPelton 17—Director Emeritus of the Space and Advanced Communications Research Institute at George Washington University, PHD in IR from Georgetown.. Pelton, Joseph N. 2017. The New Gold Rush: The Riches of Space Beckon! Springer. Accessed 8/30/19. AND global space agreements, are part of this new pathway to the future. It’s sustainable – data proves we’re entering the golden ageHausfather 21 – a climate scientist and energy systems analyst whose research focuses on observational temperature records, climate models, and mitigation technologies. He spent 10 years working as a data scientist and entrepreneur in the cleantech sector, where he was the lead data scientist at Essess, the chief scientist at C3.ai, and the cofounder and chief scientist of Efficiency 2.0. He also worked as a research scientist with Berkeley Earth, was the senior climate analyst at Project Drawdown, and the US analyst for Carbon Brief. He has masters degrees in environmental science from Yale University and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam and a PhD in climate science from the University of California, Berkeley. (Zeke, "Absolute Decoupling of Economic Growth and Emissions in 32 Countries," Breakthrough Institute, 4-6-2021, https://thebreakthrough.org/issues/energy/absolute-decoupling-of-economic-growth-and-emissions-in-32-countries, Accessed 4-11-2021, LASA-SC) AND , transportation, buildings) than in others (industrial processes, agriculture). Outweighs Allinson since our ev assumes it – the Kuznet’s curve says that as growth increases there is a curve of emissions – their evidence just describes the peak of that curve but not what happens after itGreen tech is thrivingSmith 21 (Noah, was an assistant professor of finance at Stony Brook University, "Clean-Tech Investment Isn't Just a Bubble This Time," Bloomberg Opinion, 3/18/21, https://www.bloomberg.com/opinion/articles/2021-03-18/clean-tech-investment-isn-t-just-a-bubble-this-time, ccm) AND climb and then crash, before they finally rise again to sustained productivity. Tech dematerialization secures sustainability.McAfee 19, *Andrew Paul McAfee, a principal research scientist at MIT, is cofounder and codirector of the MIT Initiative on the Digital Economy at the MIT Sloan School of Management; (2019, "More from Less: The Surprising Story of How We Learned to Prosper Using Fewer Resources and What Happens Next", https://b-ok.cc/book/5327561/8acdbe) AND , which are the first of the two pairs of forces causing dematerialization. People use low-cost fuels instead of renewables.George MONBIOT 9. Fellowship and Professorships, Oxford. "Is There Any Point in Fighting to Stave Off Industrial Apocalypse." Guardian. August 17. http://www.guardian.co.uk/commentisfree/cif-green/2009/aug/17/environment-climate-change. AND over. This is hardly conducive to the rational use of natural assets. Capitalism solves war – its anti-imperialist.Mousseau 19, Michael. "The end of war: How a robust marketplace and liberal hegemony are leading to perpetual world peace." International Security 44.1 (2019): 160-196. Props to DML for finding. (Professor in the School of Politics, Security, and International Affairs at the University of Central Florida)Elmer AND member (currently the United States) to preserve and protect the global order Physical limits aren’t absolute—-laundry list of warrants.Bailey 18 ~Ronald; February 16; B.A. in Economics from the University of Virginia, member of the Society of Environmental Journalists and the American Society for Bioethics and Humanities, citing a compilation of interdisciplinary research; Reason, "Is Degrowth the Only Way to Save the World?" https://reason.com/2018/02/16/is-degrowth-the-only-way-to-save-the-wor; RP~ AND —and especially its poor people—need more and faster economic growth. Pandemics –Jackson 16 Kerry Jackson 12-19-2016 "Free Market Policies Needed To Incentivize Creation Of New Life-Saving Treatments" https://www.pacificresearch.org/article/free-market-policies-needed-to-incentivize-creation-of-new-life-saving-treatments/ (Researcher at the Pacific Research Institute) AND If the proper incentives are in place, the needed treatments will follow. Extinction’s inevitable – only growth can sustain colonization and solve extinctionSkran 16 (Dale Skran is Executive Vice President of the National Space Society and a member of the Board of Directors of the Alliance for Space Development. "Settling space is the only sustainable reason for humans to be in space," http://www.thespacereview.com/article/2915/1) -recut rahul AND the potential economic benefits of space development and the underlying motivation for space settlement Calls for communism anywhere triggers far right backlash and increases extremism – answers Bastani 4Karen Stenner and Jessica Stern, 2/11/21, Foreign Policy, "how to live with authoritarians," https://foreignpolicy.com/2021/02/11/capitol-insurrection-trump-authoritarianism-psychology-innate-fear-envy-change-diversity-populism/, mm AND In these situations, he says, people may be drawn to extremist groups Socialism fails and causes a reversion back to capitalism – empiricsMuravchik 19 (Joshua, distinguished fellow @ World Affairs Institute, adjunct professor @ Institute of World Politics, former fellow at the Foreign Policy Institute of Johns Hopkins University’s School of Advanced International Studies, "Socialism Fails Every Time," Wall Street Journal, 4/9/19, https://www.wsj.com/articles/socialism-fails-every-time-11554851786, ccm) AND that darkened the times of their parents, grandparents and the generations before. | 1/29/22 |
JANFEB - CT - DedevTournament: debateLA Challenge | Round: 1 | Opponent: Lexington AG | Judge: Moorhead - Quisenberry Growth is unsustainable and innovation doesn’t solve—-shifting away from production is key.Büchs and Koch 17 ~Milena Büchs and Max Koch 17. Milena Büchs is Associate Professor in Sustainability, Economics and Low Carbon Transitions at the University of Leeds, UK. Max Koch is Professor of Social Policy at Lund University (School of Social Work), Sweden. 2017. Postgrowth and Wellbeing. Springer International Publishing. CrossRef, doi:10.1007/978-3-319-59903-8.~ Re-Cut Justin AND the Earth to support life" (Daly and Farley 2011: 12). Resources are finite – ensures collapse by 2050.Giorgos Kallis 18, ICREA Research Professor at Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, environmental scientist working on ecological economics and political ecology, formerly Marie Curie International Fellow at the Energy and Resources Group of the University of California at Berkeley, PhD in Environmental Policy and Planning from the University of the Aegean in Greece, et al., 5/31/18, "Annual Review of Environment and Resources: Research On Degrowth," Annual Review of Environment and Resources, Vol. 43, p. 296-298 AND negatively if accompanied by redistribution, sharing, and value shifts (34). Climate change destroys the world.Specktor 19 ~Brandon; writes about the science of everyday life for Live Science, and previously for Reader's Digest magazine, where he served as an editor for five years; "Human Civilization Will Crumble by 2050 If We Don't Stop Climate Change Now, New Paper Claims," livescience, 6/4/19; https://www.livescience.com/65633-climate-change-dooms-humans-by-2050.html~~ Justin AND and perhaps "the end of human global civilization as we know it." Chemical emissions – extinction.Julian Cribb 17, principal of JCA, Fellow of the Australian Academy of Technological Sciences and Engineering, former Director, National Awareness, CSIRO, "The Poisoner," Surviving the 21st Century Chapter 6 AND destruction and hence the risk of their use by nations or uncontrollable fanatics. Plankton – Causes plankton to go extinct – they’re a keystone species – extinction.Holthaus, 15 (Eric, reporter for the Rollilng Stone, citing data from/quoting Stephanie Dutkiewicz of MIT and Jacquelyn Gill, paleoecologist at the University of Maine, "The Point of No Return: Climate Change Nightmares Are Already Here", Aug 5 2015 http://www.rollingstone.com/politics/news/the-point-of-no-return-climate-change-nightmares-are-already-here-20150805 ) Attendant with this weird wildlife behavior is a stunning drop in the number of AND well within human life spans. We're talking less than a decade." Transition is possible—-corona produces unique momentum.Schiller-Merkens 20 ~Senior Research Associate at the Faculty of Management and Economics at Witten/Herdecke University, Germany (Simone, MPIfG Discussion Paper 20/11 Scaling Up Alternatives to Capitalism A Social Movement Approach to Alternative Organizing (in) the Economy • Max Planck Institute for the Study of Societies~ Re-Cut Justin AND movement and to efectively counter any countermobilization by opposing actors in the economy. Growth-oriented AI ensures extinction—-degrowth solves.Salvador Pueyo 18. 8 Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology, and Environmental Sciences, Universitat de Barcelona. 10/01/2018. "Growth, Degrowth, and the Challenge of Artificial Superintelligence." Journal of Cleaner Production, vol. 197, pp. 1731–1736. Re-Cut Justin AND to capitalistic rules of 153 interaction and, therefore, to economic selection. That outweighs.Turchin and Denkenberger 18 ~Alexey Turchin and David Denkenberger 18. Turchin is a researcher at the Science for Life Extension Foundation; Denkenberger is with the Global Catastrophic Risk Institute (GCRI) @ Tennessee State University, Alliance to Feed the Earth in Disasters (ALLFED). 05/03/2018. "Classification of Global Catastrophic Risks Connected with Artificial Intelligence." AI and SOCIETY, pp. 1–17.~ Re-Cut Justin AND sheer number of possible failure modes suggests that there are more to come. | 1/13/22 |
JANFEB - CT - Sats badTournament: NDCA | Round: 4 | Opponent: Marlborough ML | Judge: Truman Le Adv 1Satellite loss shuts down global frackingLes Johnson 13, Deputy Manager for NASA's Advanced Concepts Office at the Marshall Space Flight Center, Co-Investigator for the JAXA T-Rex Space Tether Experiment and PI of NASA's ProSEDS Experiment, Master's Degree in Physics from Vanderbilt University, Popular Science Writer, and NASA Technologist, Frequent Contributor to the Journal of the British Interplanetary Sodety and Member of the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, National Space Society, the World Future Society, and MENSA, Sky Alert!: When Satellites Fail, p. 99-105 AND world economy will feel the impact through higher oil and natural gas prices. Fracking makes extinction inevitable—-try-or die to shut it offRev. Mac Legerton 18, Co-Founder and Executive Director of the Center for Community Action, Member of the Board of Directors of the NC Climate Solutions Coalition, Member of the Board of Directors of the Windcall Institute, "Will The U.S. Blaze A Trail To Mass Extinction?", APPPL News, 1/15/2018, https://www.apppl.org/news/will-the-u-s-blaze-a-trail-to-mass-extinction/ AND better. This abomination is different. There is no time to waste. Chemical pollution—-extinctionDr. Shigeo Atsuji 14, Professor at the Kansai University Faculty of Informatics, et al., "Our Stolen Sustainability: Unsafe Eden Contaminated by Environmental Hormones", p. 6-7 AND contamination of the whole of the global ecosphere, which threatens human survival. Loss of satellites will shut down terrestrial miningLes Johnson 13, Deputy Manager for NASA's Advanced Concepts Office at the Marshall Space Flight Center, Co-Investigator for the JAXA T-Rex Space Tether Experiment and PI of NASA's ProSEDS Experiment, Master's Degree in Physics from Vanderbilt University, Popular Science Writer, and NASA Technologist, Frequent Contributor to the Journal of the British Interplanetary Society and Member of the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, National Space Society, the World Future Society, and MENSA, Sky Alert!: When Satellites Fail, p. 105 AND of much slower and labor-intensive field surveys (but without GPS!). Amazon mining will cause extinctionCharito Ushiñahua 11, Anthropologist Working for the Preservation of Indigenous Amazonian Cultures, "Yanomami Indians: The Fierce People?", http://www.amazon-indians.org/yanomami.html AND a global ecological disaster resulting in the eventual destruction of the human race. Antarctic mining causes conflict—-goes nuclearDavid W. Floren 1, J.D. from the University of Oregon, "Antarctic Mining Regimes: An Appreciation of the Attainable", Journal of Environmental Law and Litigation, Fall, Volume 16, Number 2, 467-513 AND , despite AT obligations n228 and other international accords discouraging their use. n229 | 4/10/22 |
JANFEB - CT - SparkTournament: Churchill | Round: 2 | Opponent: McNeil AR | Judge: Truman Le CaseNC – Nuclear War GoodNuclear war now spurs political will for disarmament without causing extinction.Deudney 18 ~Associate Professor of Political Science at Johns Hopkins University. 03/15/2018. "The Great Debate." The Oxford Handbook of International Security. www.oxfordhandbooks.com, doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198777854.013.22~ Recut Justin AND of institutional innovation and adjustment toward a fully "bombs away" future. Can’t rebuild industrial civilization.John Jacobi 17. ~Leads an environmentalist research institute and collective, citing Fred Hoyle, British astronomer, formulated the theory of stellar nucleosynthesis, coined the term "big bang," recipient of the Gold Medal of the Royal Astronomical Society, professor at the Institute of Astronomy, Cambridge University. 05-27-17. "Industrial Civilization Could Not Be Rebuilt." The Wild Will Project. https://www.wildwill.net/blog/2017/05/27/industrial-civilization-not-rebuilt/~~ Recut Justin AND advocate going through the phases required to reach the industrial stage of development. Empirics and worse disasters disprove.Eken 17 ~Mattias Eken – PhD student in Modern History at the University of St Andrews. "The understandable fear of nuclear weapons doesn’t match reality". 3/14/17. https://theconversation.com/the-understandable-fear-of-nuclear-weapons-doesnt-match-reality-73563~~ Recut Justin AND Overegging them to frighten ourselves more than we need to keeps nobody safe. Isolated island populations repopulate.Turchin and Green 18 ~Alexey Turchin – Scientist for the Foundation Science for Life Extension in Moscow, Russia, Founder of Digital Immortality Now, author of several books and articles on the topics of existential risks and life extension. Brian Patrick Green – Director of technology ethics at the Markkula Center for Applied Ethics, teaches AI ethics in the Graduate School of Engineering at Santa Clara University. MKIM "Islands as refuges for surviving global catastrophes". September 2018. DOA: 7/20/19. https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/FS-04-2018-0031/full/html?fullSc=1andmbSc=1andfullSc=1~~ Recut Justin AND and passages could provide cooling, access and even oxygen and food sources. No nuclear winter – conservative models prove rainout.Reisner et al. 18 ~Jon, Atmospheric researcher at LANL Climate and Atmospheric Sciences; Gennaro D'Angelo, UKAFF Fellow and member of the Astrophysics Group at the School of Physics of the University of Exeter, Research Scientist with the Carl Sagan Center at the SETI Institute, currently works for the Los Alamos National Laboratory Theoretical Division; Eunmo Koo, scientist in the Computational Earth Science Group at LANL, recipient of the NNSA Defense Program Stockpile Stewardship Program award of excellence; Wesley Even, RandD Scientist at CCS-2, LANL, specialist in computational physics and astrophysics; Matthew Hecht is a member of the Computational Physics and Methods Group in the Climate, Ocean and Sea Ice Modelling program (COSIM) at LANL, who works on modeling high-latitude atmospheric effects in climate models as part of the HiLAT project; Elizabeth Hunke, Lead developer for the Los Alamos Sea Ice Model, Deputy Group Leader of the T-3 Fluid Dynamics and Solid Mechanics Group at LANL; Darin Comeau, Scientist at the CCS-2 COSIM program, specializes in high dimensional data analysis, statistical and predictive modeling, and uncertainty quantification, with particular applications to climate science; Randall Bos is a research scientist at LANL specializing in urban EMP simulations; James Cooley is a Group Leader within CCS-2. 3/16/18 "Climate Impact of a Regional Nuclear Weapons Exchange: An Improved Assessment Based On Detailed Source Calculations." Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, vol. 123, no. 5~ Recut Justin AND Pausata et al., 2016), possibly reducing the duration of these effects. Volcano activities prove.Reisner et al. 18 ~Jon, Atmospheric researcher at LANL Climate and Atmospheric Sciences; Gennaro D'Angelo, UKAFF Fellow and member of the Astrophysics Group at the School of Physics of the University of Exeter, Research Scientist with the Carl Sagan Center at the SETI Institute, currently works for the Los Alamos National Laboratory Theoretical Division; Eunmo Koo, scientist in the Computational Earth Science Group at LANL, recipient of the NNSA Defense Program Stockpile Stewardship Program award of excellence; Wesley Even, RandD Scientist at CCS-2, LANL, specialist in computational physics and astrophysics; Matthew Hecht is a member of the Computational Physics and Methods Group in the Climate, Ocean and Sea Ice Modelling program (COSIM) at LANL, who works on modeling high-latitude atmospheric effects in climate models as part of the HiLAT project; Elizabeth Hunke, Lead developer for the Los Alamos Sea Ice Model, Deputy Group Leader of the T-3 Fluid Dynamics and Solid Mechanics Group at LANL; Darin Comeau, Scientist at the CCS-2 COSIM program, specializes in high dimensional data analysis, statistical and predictive modeling, and uncertainty quantification, with particular applications to climate science; Randall Bos is a research scientist at LANL specializing in urban EMP simulations; James Cooley is a Group Leader within CCS-2. 3/16/18 "Climate Impact of a Regional Nuclear Weapons Exchange: An Improved Assessment Based On Detailed Source Calculations." Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, vol. 123, no. 5~ Recut Justin AND aerosol via coagulation with organic carbon significantly reduce the particles’ lifetime in the atmosphere The mini-nuclear winter solves warming without causing extinction.Sorin Adam Matei 12. – Ph.D., Associate Dean of Research and Professor of Communication, College of Liberal Arts and Brian Lamb School of Communication, Purdue University. 3-26-2012. ~"A modest proposal for solving global warming: nuclear war – Sorin Adam Matei." Matei. https://matei.org/ithink/2012/03/26/a-modest-proposal-for-solving-global-warming-nuclear-war/~~ Recut Justin Particle accelerators destroy the universe – which outweighs.Joe Packer 7 – MA in Communication from Wake Forest University, PhD in Communication from the University of Pittsburgh and Professor of Communication at Central Michigan University, Alien Life in Search of Acknowledgment, p. 62-63 Recut Justin Nuclear war prevents AI and Nanotech research.Baum and Barrett 18 – Seth Baum is an American researcher involved in the field of risk research. He is the executive director of the Global Catastrophic Risk Institute (GCRI), a think tank focused on existential risk. Global Catastrophic Risk Institute. 2018. ~"A Model for the Impacts of Nuclear War." SSRN Electronic Journal. 10.2139/ssrn.3155983~ Recut Justin AI destroys the universe.Alan Rominger 16, PhD Candidate in Nuclear Engineering at North Carolina State University, Software Engineer at Red Hat, Former Nuclear Engineering Science Laboratory Synthesis Intern at Oak Ridge National Laboratory, BS in Nuclear Engineering from North Carolina State University, "The Extreme Version of the Technological Singularity", Medium 11-6, https://medium.com/@AlanSE/the-extreme-version-of-the-technological-singularity-75608898eae5 Re-Cut Justin ====Nanotech proliferates fast and destroys the universe.==== Tech advancements make time travel certainAwes Faghi Elmi 18, Contributing Writer at n’world Publications, BS in Forensic Science from London South Bank University, Extended Diploma in Physics with Distinction from Leyton Sixth Form College, Futurist, ~"Technological Progress Might Make Possible Time Travel And Teleportation", Medium, 8-13, https://medium.com/nworld-publications/technological-progress-might-make-possible-time-travel-and-teleportation-45176c3c89bc~~ Recut Justin Collapses the universe.Steve Bowers 16, Control Officer in the United Kingdom, Executive Editor and Moderator of the Orion’s Arm Universe Project, Contributing Author for the Orion’s Arm Novella Collection, ~"WHY NO TIME TRAVEL IN OA", 1-1, https://orionsarm.com/page/77~~ Recut Justin Growth causes global toxification and extinction.Ehrlich and Ehrlich 13 ~Paul R. Ehrlich, Professor of Biology and President of the Center for Conservation Biology at Stanford University, and Adjunct Professor at the University of Technology, Sydney, Anne H. Ehrlich, Senior Research Scientist in Biology at Stanford and focuses her research on policy issues related to the environment, "Can a collapse of global civilization be avoided?", Proc Biol Sci. Mar 7, 2013~ Recut Justin Warming doesn’t trigger extinctionpeer-reviewed journal shows IPCC exaggeration Warming isn’t existential—-new studies.Nordhaus 20. Ted Nordhaus, an American author, environmental policy expert, and the director of research at The Breakthrough Institute, citing new climate change forecasts. ~Ignore the Fake Climate Debate, 1-23-2020, https://www.wsj.com/articles/ignore-the-fake-climate-debate-11579795816~~//BPS | 1/8/22 |
JANFEB - CT - Taiwan War GoodTournament: Harvard Westlake | Round: 6 | Opponent: Immaculate Heart AW | Judge: Matt Moorhead TaiwanI’ll concede that the US comes to defend TaiwanWar stays conventional.Caitlin 1AC Talmadge 18, Associate Professor of Security Studies at the Edmund A. Walsh School of Foreign Service at Georgetown University, November/December 2018, "Beijing’s Nuclear Option," Foreign Affairs, Vol. 65, No. 5 AND U.S. retaliation—was a viable option to defend itself. Wouldn’t go all out – it would stay conventional.Natasha Kassam 20, Research Fellow in the Diplomacy and Public Opinion Program at the Lowy Institute, Bachelor of Laws (Hons I) and a Bachelor of International Studies from the University of Sydney, and Richard McGregor, Senior Fellow at the Lowy Institute, Former Fellow at the Wilson Center and Visiting Scholar at the Sigur Center at George Washington University, "Taiwan’s 2020 Elections", Lowy Institute Report, 1/7/2020, https://www.lowyinstitute.org/publications/taiwan-s-2020-elections AND potentially less disruptive to trade, include a targeted naval blockade.~36~ No US-China nuclear war – answers Chow and Kelley which has one line at the end about miscalc.Shifrinson 2/8/19 ~Joshua Shifrinson is an assistant professor of international relations at Boston University. The ‘new Cold War’ with China is way overblown. Here’s why. February 8, 2019. https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/monkey-cage/wp/2019/02/08/there-isnt-a-new-cold-war-with-china-for-these-4-reasons/?noredirect=onandutm'term=.f8ca8195c4e4~~ AND economic growth via trade, the private sector and semi-free markets. But, invasion triggers political backlash – induces a democratic transition.Wang Mouzhou 17 – Pen name of a former NSA intelligence officer, 3-24-2017, ("What Happens After China Invades Taiwan?" The Diplomat, https://thediplomat.com/2017/03/what-happens-after-china-invades-taiwan/) Recut Justin AND liberals to China’s political discourse could have important implications for its domestic politics. Democratic landing would be peaceful – but public buy-in is key.Pei 13 – Minxin, Tom and Margot Pritzker ’72 Professor of Government and director of the Keck Center for International and Strategic Studies at Claremont McKenna College, ("5 Ways China Could Become a Democracy", http://thediplomat.com/2013/02/5-ways-china-could-become-a-democracy/1/) Recut Justin AND window of opportunity for a political soft landing will not remain open forever. Transition solves aggressive pursuit of domination and heg impactMichael Mandelbaum 19, PhD in political science from Harvard University, Christian A. Herter Professor Emeritus of American Foreign Policy at The Johns Hopkins School of Advanced International Studies., March, "In Praise of Regime Change," Commentary, https://www.commentarymagazine.com/articles/in-praise-of-regime-change/ AND democracies, each would surely conduct less belligerent foreign policies toward its neighbors. Democratized China increases cooperation and solves major security hotspots – Sino-Japanese war, Sino-Indo war, etc.Aaron Friedberg 11, PhD in Government from Harvard, professor of politics and international affairs @ Princeton University, "Hegemony with Chinese Characteristics," http://users.clas.ufl.edu/zselden/coursereading2011/friedberg.pdf Recut Justin AND going to remain locked in an increasingly intense struggle for mastery in Asia. | 2/6/22 |
JANFEB - DA - ASATTournament: debateLA Challenge | Round: 5 | Opponent: Sequoia AS | Judge: Patel - Baez 4China’s capitalizing on US vulnerabilities and ramping up ASAT development now – that emboldens Xi to invade TaiwanChow and Kelley 8/21 ~(Brian G., policy analyst for the Institute of World Politics, Ph.D in physics from Case Western Reserve University, MBA and Ph.D in finance from the University of Michigan, and Brandon, graduate of Georgetown’s School of Foreign Service ) "China’s Anti-Satellite Weapons Could Conquer Taiwan—Or Start a War," National Interest, 8/21/2021~ JL AND control to a full-scale conventional conflict or even to nuclear use. Starlink development solves – mega-constellations are unjammable and accurateHarris 20 ~(Mark, Knight Science Journalism Fellow at MIT in 2013, writes about technology, science, business, the environment, and travel, internally cites Todd Humphreys, Professor of Aerospace Engineering at UT Austin, and Peter Iannucci Postdoctoral Research Fellow in Aerospace Engineering and Engineering Mechanics at UT Austin) "SpaceX’s Starlink satellites could make US Army navigation hard to jam," MIT Technology Review, 9/28/2020~ JL AND Starlink’s satellites, it certainly is a fast, simple way to go." Taiwan goes nuclear – the US gets drawn inThe Week 1/4 ~(The Week Staff, weekly news magazine with editions in the United Kingdom and United States) "What would happen if China tried to invade Taiwan?" The Week Staff, 1/4/2022~ JL AND how the nuclear powers would square off in a 21st-century conflict. | 1/14/22 |
JANFEB - DA - Algorithmic Governance vLogisticsTournament: Emory | Round: 1 | Opponent: Vestavia Hills GJ | Judge: Rishi Mukherjee 2DAAlgorithmic governance as per their Beller evidence is good — it solves crisis escalation.Corneliu Bjola 19, Head of the Oxford Digital Diplomacy Research Group, University of Oxford, 11/10/19, "Diplomacy in the Age of Artificial Intelligence," http://www.realinstitutoelcano.org/wps/portal/rielcano'en/contenido?WCM'GLOBAL'CONTEXT=/elcano/elcano'in/zonas'in/ari98-2019-bjola-diplomacy-in-the-age-of-artificial-intelligence AND bias that could lead to problematic –if not dangerous– behaviours.16 Externally, environmental sustainability – extinction.David Victor 19, professor of international relations at the School of Global Policy and Strategy and director of the Laboratory on International Law and Regulation, Co-Chair of the Brookings Initiative on Energy and Climate, 1/10/19, "How artificial intelligence will affect the future of energy and climate," https://www.brookings.edu/research/how-artificial-intelligence-will-affect-the-future-of-energy-and-climate/ AND lower that cost and, in effect, democratize quality climate impacts response. And global quality of life.UVP 18, University Van Petoria Access Partnership, technical assistance from Prof. Nelishia Pillay, Head of the Computer Science Department of the University of Pretoria, 2018, "Artificial Intelligence for Africa: An Opportunity for Growth, Development, and Democratisation," https://www.up.ac.za/media/shared/7/ZP'Files/ai-for-africa.zp165664.pdf AND challenges. There are rich use cases for AI in the healthcare field: Err AFF because our brains are wired for techno-pessimism – the solution to bad tech is more tech.Reinhart 18 (Will Rinehart is Director of Technology and Innovation Policy at the American Action Forum, where he specializes in telecommunication, Internet, and data policy, with a focus on emerging technologies and innovation. Rinehart previously worked at TechFreedom, where he was a Research Fellow. He was also previously the Director of Operations at the International Center for Law and Economics. In Defense of Techno-optimism. 10-10-2018. https://techliberation.com/2018/10/10/in-defense-of-techno-optimism/ shree) Recut Justin AND be pollyannaish. It only needs to be hopeful of a better world. Tech is inevitable – we all use it to avoid COVID, so rejection re-entrenches disease and leads to net MORE exclusion, but it’s good for activists to connect and create resistance to governments. Their own participation proves it’s inevitable AND their use of it for competitive merit proves their argument is a moral hazard | 1/28/22 |
JANFEB - DA - America CompetesTournament: NDCA | Round: 2 | Opponent: Westwood SP | Judge: Samantha Mcloughlin 4Bipartisan anti-china momentum ensures COMPETES passes now and maintains tech leadership, but its narrowSayers and Kanapathy 2/15 ~ Eric Sayers, a senior vice president at Beacon Global Strategies, and Ivan, a vice president at Beacon Global Strategies, both guest contributors for Foreign Policy magazine "America is Showering China with New Restrctions" https://foreignpolicy.com/2022/02/15/us-china-economic-financial-decoupling-controls-restrictions-sanctions/~~ AND , there are five policy areas where further action appears imminent this year. ====The plan creates a massive ideological battle over the private sector that derails the agenda==== AND it results in obstacles being created on other high-priority political initiatives. The bill is uniquely key to solve Chinese and Russian tech supremacySeattle 2/16 ~Seattle Times, leading newspaper serving the greater Seattle area. "Congress must unite behind China competitiveness bill" https://www.hawaiitribune-herald.com/2022/02/16/opinion/congress-must-unite-behind-china-competitiveness-bill/~~ AND Ukraine and Taiwan. It also underlines the need for Congress to act. Authoritarian tech lead is an S-Risk of irreversible, constant suffering. That outweighs extinctionMinardi 20 ~Di Minardi, "The grim fate that could be ‘worse than extinction’", 10/15/20, https://www.bbc.com/future/article/20201014-totalitarian-world-in-chains-artificial-intelligence~~ AND , a bipartisan non-profit that develops national security and defence policies. | 4/9/22 |
JANFEB - DA - BizConTournament: NDCA | Round: 2 | Opponent: Westwood SP | Judge: Samantha Mcloughlin Unpredictable shifts ruin biz con AND overall growthSarah Chaney Cambon 21, Reporter on The Wall Street Journal's Economics Team, BA in Business Journalism from the University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, "Capital-Spending Surge Further Lifts Economic Recovery", Wall Street Journal, 6/27/2021, https://www.wsj.com/articles/capital-spending-surge-further-lifts-economic-recovery-11624798800 AND to follow and will be able to plan around that," he said. It’s perception-based—-the possibility that precedent could be applied crumbles confidence and spirals into global declineMohamed A. El-Erian 17, Chief Economic Adviser at Allianz, Chairman of US President Barack Obama’s Global Development Council, Former CEO of the Harvard Management Company and Deputy Director at the International Monetary Fund, "America’s Confidence Economy", Project Syndicate, 3/20/2017, https://www.project-syndicate.org/commentary/trump-market-optimism-economic-growth-by-mohamed-a—el-erian-2017-03 AND especially if these economic challenges prompt the Trump administration to implement protectionist measures. Decline cascades—-nuclear warDr. Mathew Maavak 21, PhD in Risk Foresight from the Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, External Researcher (PLATBIDAFO) at the Kazimieras Simonavicius University, Expert and Regular Commentator on Risk-Related Geostrategic Issues at the Russian International Affairs Council, "Horizon 2030: Will Emerging Risks Unravel Our Global Systems?", Salus Journal – The Australian Journal for Law Enforcement, Security and Intelligence Professionals, Volume 9, Number 1, p. 2-8 AND in the Middle East. Soleimani was simply a cog who got replaced. | 4/9/22 |
JANFEB - DA - China EconTournament: Emory | Round: Octas | Opponent: Harker AR | Judge: Palmer - Bosley - Mukherjee 2China’s economy is experiencing structural collapse.Danxu 21 – Yang, 10/28/21, Beijing Correspondent ~Think China, "Is China’s economy collapsing?," https://www.thinkchina.sg/chinas-economy-collapsing~~ Justin AND shaken and this situation has drawn the attention of the higher-ups. Robust private sector key to Economic Rejuvenation.Goswami 19 Namrata Goswami 2019 "What China Wants in Outer Space" https://www.thecairoreview.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/cr33-global-forum.pdf (Dr. Namrata Goswami is an independent scholar on space policy, great power politics, and ethnic conflicts. She was subject matter expert in international affairs with the Futures Laboratory, Alabama, U.S., and guest lecturer, India Today Class, Emory University. After earning her Ph.D. in international relations from Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, she worked as research fellow at the Institute for Defence Studies and Analyses, New Delhi. She has been a visiting fellow at Peace Research Institute, Oslo, Norway; La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia; and University of Heidelberg, Germany.)Elmer AND Luxembourg have already passed legislation enabling private companies to begin exploration and operations. That cascades globally.Rogoff 18 Kennetth Rogoff 11-7-2018 "The Global Impact of a Chinese Recession" https://www.project-syndicate.org/commentary/global-impact-of-chinese-recession-by-kenneth-rogoff-2018-11?barrier=accesspaylog (Professor of Economics and Public Policy at Harvard University and recipient of the 2011 Deutsche Bank Prize in Financial Economics, was the chief economist of the International Monetary Fund from 2001 to 2003.)Elmer AND likely to discover that China’s economy matters even more than most people thought. Extinction.Maavak 21 – Mathew Maavak, PhD in Risk Foresight from the Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, External Researcher (PLATBIDAFO) at the Kazimieras Simonavicius University, Expert and Regular Commentator on Risk-Related Geostrategic Issues at the Russian International Affairs Council, "Horizon 2030: Will Emerging Risks Unravel Our Global Systems?", Salus Journal – The Australian Journal for Law Enforcement, Security and Intelligence Professionals, Volume 9, Number 1, p. 2-8 AND in the Middle East. Soleimani was simply a cog who got replaced. | 1/31/22 |
JANFEB - DA - Internet vStarlinkTournament: Emory | Round: 5 | Opponent: Sage MP | Judge: Gerard Grisby 4Internet is open to massive vulnerabilities nowGriffiths 19 James Griffiths 7-26-2019 "The global internet is powered by vast undersea cables. But they’re vulnerable." https://www.cnn.com/2019/07/25/asia/internet-undersea-cables-intl-hnk/index.html (CNN Analyst)ELmer AND . "You’d be focusing on the hardest aspect of disrupting a network." SpaceX satellites are key to internet accessJames Pethokoukis 11/30 ~James Pethokoukis, a columnist and an economic policy analyst, is the Dewitt Wallace Fellow at the American Enterprise Institute, where he writes and edits the AEIdeas blog and hosts a weekly podcast, "Political Economy with James Pethokoukis." He is also a columnist for The Week and an official contributor to CNBC. "Why a SpaceX bankruptcy would hurt the global poor" Faster, Please! November 30, 2021 https://fasterplease.substack.com/p/-why-a-spacex-bankruptcy-would-hurt AND there will be a lot less global poverty here on Earth than otherwise. Answers 1AC Pre-empt – proves that there is a profit incentive to sending starlink in spaceInternet access checks multiple existential threatsEagleman ’10 ~Dr. David; 11/9/2010; PhD in Neuroscience @ Baylor University, Adjunct Professor of Neoroscience @ Stanford University, Former Guggenheim Fellow, Director of the Center for Science and Law, BA @ Rice University; "Six Ways The Internet Will Save Civilization"; https://www.wired.co.uk/article/apocalypse-no~~ AND to suggest that the net may just be the technology that saves us. | 1/29/22 |
JANFEB - DA - JCPOATournament: Tournament of Champions | Round: 1 | Opponent: Strath Haven AM | Judge: Joseph Barquin 3JCPOA passes now, but it’s tentative and the window is closingNorman 3/15 ~(Laurence, deputy bureau chief at Dow Jones Newswires and The Wall Street Journal based in London) "Russia Softens Iran Demands, Re-Opening Way for Nuclear Deal," The Wall Street Journal, 3/15/2022~ JL AND ever-deadlier, the diplomatic window for concluding the deal is closing. Space diplomacy directly trades off with nonproliferation agreements – finite manpower, money, and political will within the AVCJohnson-Freeze 16 ~(Joan, Professor and former Chair of National Security Affairs at the US Naval War College, Newport, Rhode Island) "Space Warfare in the 21st Century: Arming the Heavens," Cass Military Studies, 11/8/2016~ JL AND February 2016 meeting of the LTS Working Group by one country, Russia. The JCPOA returns Iran to global oil markets – increased supply and perception solve market volatilityShokri 3/3 ~(Omid, visiting research scholar at the School of Policy and Government at George Mason University and is an analyst at Gulf State Analytics (GSA) who specializes in energy security, author of US Energy Diplomacy in the Caspian Sea Basin: Changing Trends Since 2001) "Can Iranian oil stabilize a volatile market?" Atlantic Council, 3/3/2022~ JL AND that Iran can play a role in replacing Russian gas exports to Europe. High oil prices and volatility cause nuclear warKing 8 ~(Neil King, Global Economics Editor for the WSJ), Peak Oil: A Survey of Security Concerns, Center for a New American Security, September, http://www.cnas.org/files/documents/publications/CNAS'Working20Paper'PeakOil'King'Sept2008.pdf~~ TDI AND risk increases that a scramble for assets in the Artic could turn nasty. | 4/23/22 |
JANFEB - DA - MegaConstellationsTournament: debateLA Challenge | Round: 1 | Opponent: Lexington AG | Judge: Moorhead - Quisenberry 1Megaconstellations solve rural broadband—-Starlink alone solves.Weinschenk ‘21 ~Carl; February 21; Freelance Editor, Freelance. Contributor, Telecompetitor, Technology, U.S. "Report: Starlink Looks Very Promising for Rural Broadband," https://www.telecompetitor.com/report-starlink-looks-very-promising-for-rural-broadband/~~ brett AND Mbps later this year. He added that latency will be 20 milliseconds. Rural broadband is key to precision ag—-solves supply which turns FDI 12.USDA ‘19 ~US department of agriculture, April 2019, A Case For Rural Broadband, accessed 8/12/21, https://mobroadband.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/44/2020/07/case-for-rural-broadband.pdf~~ brett AND customers and markets can also be explored to increase sales volume and revenues. Precision ag solves runoff.Ling 17, Geoffrey Ling, a retired U.S. Army colonel, is an expert in technology development and commercial transition. He is a professor of neurology at Johns Hopkins University and the Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences and a partner of Ling and Associates. Scientific American, June 26, 2017. "Precision Farming Increases Crop Yields" https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/precision-farming/ brett AND generation of tech-savvy farmers are likely to warm to the approach. Gulf hypoxia is growing because of ag runoff—-it’ll collapse whole oceans—-extinctionDr. Ian Hendy 17, PhD in Trophic Marine Biology, Research and Communication Officer and Senior Scientific Researcher in Marine Ecology at the University of Portsmouth, Institute of Marine Sciences Laboratories, Gulf of Mexico 'Dead Zone' Is Already A Disaster – But It Could Get Worse, Phys Org, 8-14, https://phys.org/news/2017-08-gulf-mexico-dead-zone-disaster.html AND a dead zone, but the whole Gulf, or even whole oceans. | 1/13/22 |
JANFEB - DA - Mining GoodTournament: Harvard RR | Round: 3 | Opponent: Houston Memorial DanXu | Judge: Garber - He Commercial mining solves extinction from scarcity, climate, terror, war, and disease.Pelton 17—(Director Emeritus of the Space and Advanced Communications Research Institute at George Washington University, PHD in IR from Georgetown).. Pelton, Joseph N. 2017. The New Gold Rush: The Riches of Space Beckon! Springer. Accessed 8/30/19. AND global space agreements, are part of this new pathway to the future. Resource scarcity coming now and causes extinction—asteroid mining is the only way to solveCrombrugghe 18 – Guerric, Business Development Manager Brussels, Brussels Capital Region, "Asteroid mining as a necessary answer to mineral scarcity", LinkedIn, 1/11/2018, https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/asteroid-mining-necessary-answer-mineral-scarcity-de-crombrugghe AND meantime, we might want to consume existing resources a bit more efficiently. Mining solves Water ShortagesKean 15 Sam Kean December 2015 "The End of Thirst" https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2015/12/the-end-of-thirst/413176/ (writer based in Washington DC for the Atlantic)Elmer AND yield more platinum than has ever been mined in human history. But water Sino-India Conflict – goes NuclearKlare 20 — Five College professor emeritus of peace and world security studies, and director of the Five College Program in Peace and World Security Studies (PAWSS), holds a B.A. and M.A. from Columbia University and a Ph.D. from the Graduate School of the Union Institute. (Michael; Published: 2020; "Climate Change, Water Scarcity, and the Potential for Interstate Conflict in South Asia"; Journal of Strategic Security 13, No. 4, Pages 109-122; https://doi.org/10.5038/1944-0472.13.4.1826 Available at: https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/jss/vol13/iss4/8)//CYang AND flow would be highly disruptive, causing widespread hardship and social unrest.35 | 2/19/22 |
JANFEB - DA - PLATournament: debateLA Challenge | Round: 5 | Opponent: Sequoia AS | Judge: Patel - Baez 2Xi is tightening control over the PLA but completing goals are critical.Krishnan 21 – Ananth, 11/18/21, ~‘Xi tightened control over the PLA’, TheHindu, https://www.thehindu.com/news/international/xi-tightened-control-over-the-pla/article37549460.ece~~ Justin AND have worked vigorously to govern the military with strict discipline in every respect." The commercial space sector is one of the PLAs central goals – the plan is a 180.Bartholomew and Cleveland 19 – Carolyn and Robin, 4/25/19, Chairmen and Vice Chairmen. Section is written from Michael A. McDevitt, US Congressperson, ~"HEARING ON CHINA IN SPACE: A STRATEGIC COMPETITION?," https://www.uscc.gov/sites/default/files/transcripts/April20252C20201920Hearing20Transcript2028229.pdf~~ Justin AND and is prepared to use cyberattacks against U.S. space systems. 1AC evidence makes it clear this is a huge PLA investment –Chow ’17 - independent policy analyst with over 25 years as a senior physical scientist specializing in space and national security. He holds a PhD in physics from Case Western Reserve University and an MBA with distinction and PhD in finance from the University of Michigan. Brian G Chow, "Stalkers in Space: Defeating the Threat," Strategic Studies Quarterly 11, no. 2 (Summer 2017): 82-116, https://www.airuniversity.af.edu/Portals/10/SSQ/documents/Volume-11'Issue-2/Chow.pdf. AND . Now we have to figure out how to defend those satellites."7 That triggers backlash – they don’t support restrictions on the space sector and will do everything to convince leaders not to do the plan.Cheng 14 ~Dean Cheng, Senior Research Fellow in the Asia Studies Center at the Heritage Foundation, Former Senior Analyst at the China Studies Division of the Center for Naval Analyses, Former Senior Analyst with Science Applications International Corporation, "Prospects for U.S.-China Space Cooperation", Testimony before the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation, United States Senate, 4/9/2014, https://www.heritage.org/testimony/prospects-us-china-space-cooperation~~ AND —with a real likelihood that the PLA would be one of them. An unhinged PLA triggers Himalayan war – goes globalChellaney 17 ~Dr. Brahma Chellaney, Professor of Strategic Studies at the Center for Policy Research and Fellow at the Robert Bosch Academy, PhD in International Studies from Jawaharlal Nehru University, "Why the Chinese Military’s Rising Clout Troubles Xi Jinping", The National, 9/9/2017, https://www.thenational.ae/opinion/why-the-chinese-military-s-rising-clout-troubles-xi-jinping-1.626815?videoId=5754807360001~~ AND as a praetorian state are real and carry major implications for international security. Extinction.Caldicott 17 – Helen, 2017, Founder of Physicians for Social Responsibility ~"The new nuclear danger: George W. Bush's military-industrial complex," The New Press~Elmer AND nuclear winter would ensue, meaning the end of most life on earth. | 1/14/22 |
JANFEB - DA - PLA vMiningTournament: Harvard Westlake | Round: 2 | Opponent: Harker SY | Judge: Julian Kuffour 1Xi is tightening control over the PLA but completing goals are critical.Krishnan 21 – Ananth, 11/18/21, ~‘Xi tightened control over the PLA’, TheHindu, https://www.thehindu.com/news/international/xi-tightened-control-over-the-pla/article37549460.ece~~ Justin AND have worked vigorously to govern the military with strict discipline in every respect." The commercial space sector is one of the PLAs central goals – the plan is a 180.Bartholomew and Cleveland 19 – Carolyn and Robin, 4/25/19, Chairmen and Vice Chairmen. Section is written from Michael A. McDevitt, US Congressperson, ~"HEARING ON CHINA IN SPACE: A STRATEGIC COMPETITION?," https://www.uscc.gov/sites/default/files/transcripts/April20252C20201920Hearing20Transcript2028229.pdf~~ Justin AND and is prepared to use cyberattacks against U.S. space systems. Mining tech’s dual use – PLA does careDeudney 20, Daniel. Dark skies: Space expansionism, planetary geopolitics, and the ends of humanity. Oxford University Press, USA, 2020. AND how long they will last are now unknowable but pivotal to their economic prospects That triggers backlash – they don’t support restrictions on the space sector and will do everything to convince leaders not to do the plan.Cheng 14 ~Dean Cheng, Senior Research Fellow in the Asia Studies Center at the Heritage Foundation, Former Senior Analyst at the China Studies Division of the Center for Naval Analyses, Former Senior Analyst with Science Applications International Corporation, "Prospects for U.S.-China Space Cooperation", Testimony before the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation, United States Senate, 4/9/2014, https://www.heritage.org/testimony/prospects-us-china-space-cooperation~~ AND —with a real likelihood that the PLA would be one of them. An unhinged PLA triggers Himalayan war – goes globalChellaney 17 ~Dr. Brahma Chellaney, Professor of Strategic Studies at the Center for Policy Research and Fellow at the Robert Bosch Academy, PhD in International Studies from Jawaharlal Nehru University, "Why the Chinese Military’s Rising Clout Troubles Xi Jinping", The National, 9/9/2017, https://www.thenational.ae/opinion/why-the-chinese-military-s-rising-clout-troubles-xi-jinping-1.626815?videoId=5754807360001~~ AND as a praetorian state are real and carry major implications for international security. Extinction.Caldicott 17 – Helen, 2017, Founder of Physicians for Social Responsibility ~"The new nuclear danger: George W. Bush's military-industrial complex," The New Press~Elmer AND nuclear winter would ensue, meaning the end of most life on earth. | 1/15/22 |
JANFEB - Impact Turn - China War GoodTournament: Tournament of Champions | Round: 3 | Opponent: Northland Christian LB | Judge: Scopa The US would respond to an attack on the homeland or allies with a devastating counterforce attack that would crush ChinaDavid J. Lonsdale 19 ~{David Lonsdale is the Director of the Centre for Security Studies at the University of Hull, UK. 5/17/2019. "The 2018 Nuclear Posture Review: A return to nuclear warfighting?" https://www-tandfonline-com.proxy.lib.umich.edu/doi/full/10.1080/01495933.2019.1573074~~}JM AND of modern forces the Trump administration seeks to acquire under the 2018 NPR. wipes out China’s offensive capabilities and second-strike – but waiting makes it survivable AND lets them strike first—it’s gotta happen now, if it happens during wartime they’ll have deployed TELs (transporter erector launcher) AND than it would be in a conventional war of the type analyzed here. China is revisionist, military buildup and economic modernization prove our offense and are not tied to defensive activity—-weak American responses like arms embargoes embolden aggression – economic interdependence does not checkChoi 18—Ji Young Choi, associate professor in the Department of Politics and Government and affiliated professor in the International Studies Program and East Asian Studies Program at Ohio Wesleyan University ("Historical and Theoretical Perspectives on the Rise of China: Long Cycles, Power Transitions, and China's Ascent," Asian Perspective, Vol. 42, Issue 1, January-March 2018, pages 61-84, Available through ProQuest) AND also wants to broaden its (particularly maritime) territories and spheres of influence Accuracy improvements solve their objectionsLieber and Press 17 – Keir, Professor @ Georgetown, Daryl, Professor @ Dartmouth, "The New Era of Counterforce," International Security 41(4), Project Muse AND " category, the key cause of fratricide, has virtually disappeared.37 Chinese CRISPR causes extinction- global bioweapons war and irreversible infertilityAdrian Rauchfleisch and Marko Kovic 17 ~{Adrian Rauchfleisch, Ph.D. is a co-founder and on the board of directors of the Zambia Institute for Policy Analysis and Research. Marko Kovic, CEO of arscognitionis. 6-6-2018. "Careless CRISPR in China: How to regulate the unimaginable?" https://zipar.org/short-term-challenge/careless-crispr-in-china/~~}JM AND countries, such decisions are made top-down without open public debates. | 4/23/22 |
JANFEB - Impact Turn - SparkTournament: Tournament of Champions | Round: 6 | Opponent: Monta Vista KR | Judge: Bennet Dombcik Nuclear war now spurs political will for disarmament without causing extinction.Deudney 18 ~Associate Professor of Political Science at Johns Hopkins University. 03/15/2018. "The Great Debate." The Oxford Handbook of International Security. www.oxfordhandbooks.com, doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198777854.013.22~ Recut Justin AND of institutional innovation and adjustment toward a fully "bombs away" future. No nuclear winter – conservative models prove rainout.Reisner et al. 18 ~Jon, Atmospheric researcher at LANL Climate and Atmospheric Sciences; Gennaro D'Angelo, UKAFF Fellow and member of the Astrophysics Group at the School of Physics of the University of Exeter, Research Scientist with the Carl Sagan Center at the SETI Institute, currently works for the Los Alamos National Laboratory Theoretical Division; Eunmo Koo, scientist in the Computational Earth Science Group at LANL, recipient of the NNSA Defense Program Stockpile Stewardship Program award of excellence; Wesley Even, RandD Scientist at CCS-2, LANL, specialist in computational physics and astrophysics; Matthew Hecht is a member of the Computational Physics and Methods Group in the Climate, Ocean and Sea Ice Modelling program (COSIM) at LANL, who works on modeling high-latitude atmospheric effects in climate models as part of the HiLAT project; Elizabeth Hunke, Lead developer for the Los Alamos Sea Ice Model, Deputy Group Leader of the T-3 Fluid Dynamics and Solid Mechanics Group at LANL; Darin Comeau, Scientist at the CCS-2 COSIM program, specializes in high dimensional data analysis, statistical and predictive modeling, and uncertainty quantification, with particular applications to climate science; Randall Bos is a research scientist at LANL specializing in urban EMP simulations; James Cooley is a Group Leader within CCS-2. 3/16/18 "Climate Impact of a Regional Nuclear Weapons Exchange: An Improved Assessment Based On Detailed Source Calculations." Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, vol. 123, no. 5~ Recut Justin AND Pausata et al., 2016), possibly reducing the duration of these effects. The mini-nuclear winter solves warming without causing extinction.Sorin Adam Matei 12. – Ph.D., Associate Dean of Research and Professor of Communication, College of Liberal Arts and Brian Lamb School of Communication, Purdue University. 3-26-2012. ~"A modest proposal for solving global warming: nuclear war – Sorin Adam Matei." Matei. https://matei.org/ithink/2012/03/26/a-modest-proposal-for-solving-global-warming-nuclear-war/~~ Recut Justin Scholarly consensus says emerging technology will destroy the universe – that should outweigh.Packer 7 – Joe ~MA in Communication from Wake Forest University, PhD in Communication from the University of Pittsburgh and Professor of Communication at Central Michigan University, Alien Life in Search of Acknowledgment, p. 62-63~ Recut Justin | 4/24/22 |
JANFEB - Impact Turn - SparkTournament: Tournament of Champions | Round: 6 | Opponent: Monta Vista KR | Judge: Bennet Dombcik Nuclear war now spurs political will for disarmament without causing extinction.Deudney 18 ~Associate Professor of Political Science at Johns Hopkins University. 03/15/2018. "The Great Debate." The Oxford Handbook of International Security. www.oxfordhandbooks.com, doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198777854.013.22~ Recut Justin AND of institutional innovation and adjustment toward a fully "bombs away" future. No nuclear winter – conservative models prove rainout.Reisner et al. 18 ~Jon, Atmospheric researcher at LANL Climate and Atmospheric Sciences; Gennaro D'Angelo, UKAFF Fellow and member of the Astrophysics Group at the School of Physics of the University of Exeter, Research Scientist with the Carl Sagan Center at the SETI Institute, currently works for the Los Alamos National Laboratory Theoretical Division; Eunmo Koo, scientist in the Computational Earth Science Group at LANL, recipient of the NNSA Defense Program Stockpile Stewardship Program award of excellence; Wesley Even, RandD Scientist at CCS-2, LANL, specialist in computational physics and astrophysics; Matthew Hecht is a member of the Computational Physics and Methods Group in the Climate, Ocean and Sea Ice Modelling program (COSIM) at LANL, who works on modeling high-latitude atmospheric effects in climate models as part of the HiLAT project; Elizabeth Hunke, Lead developer for the Los Alamos Sea Ice Model, Deputy Group Leader of the T-3 Fluid Dynamics and Solid Mechanics Group at LANL; Darin Comeau, Scientist at the CCS-2 COSIM program, specializes in high dimensional data analysis, statistical and predictive modeling, and uncertainty quantification, with particular applications to climate science; Randall Bos is a research scientist at LANL specializing in urban EMP simulations; James Cooley is a Group Leader within CCS-2. 3/16/18 "Climate Impact of a Regional Nuclear Weapons Exchange: An Improved Assessment Based On Detailed Source Calculations." Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, vol. 123, no. 5~ Recut Justin AND Pausata et al., 2016), possibly reducing the duration of these effects. The mini-nuclear winter solves warming without causing extinction.Sorin Adam Matei 12. – Ph.D., Associate Dean of Research and Professor of Communication, College of Liberal Arts and Brian Lamb School of Communication, Purdue University. 3-26-2012. ~"A modest proposal for solving global warming: nuclear war – Sorin Adam Matei." Matei. https://matei.org/ithink/2012/03/26/a-modest-proposal-for-solving-global-warming-nuclear-war/~~ Recut Justin Scholarly consensus says emerging technology will destroy the universe – that should outweigh.Packer 7 – Joe ~MA in Communication from Wake Forest University, PhD in Communication from the University of Pittsburgh and Professor of Communication at Central Michigan University, Alien Life in Search of Acknowledgment, p. 62-63~ Recut Justin | 4/24/22 |
JANFEB - K - PsychoanalysisTournament: debateLA Challenge | Round: 3 | Opponent: Sage MP | Judge: Dosch - Ribera 2The subject is alienated when it articulates its desires – incomplete signifiers structure the emergence of subjectivity and produce repetitive drives to fill the lack that justify coercive violence. Thus, the ROB is to traverse the fantasy – that means exposing drives.Matheson 15 Calum Matheson, PhD, 2015, "Desired Ground Zeroes: Nuclear Imagination and the Death Drive," University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, ~Calum Matheson is author of Desiring the Bomb: Communication, Psychoanalysis, and the Atomic Age (University of Alabama). He is a former high school debater. His research focuses on intersections of rhetoric, media, and theories of psychoanalysis and deconstruction. His current work focuses on right-wing political extremism, conspiracy thinking, and Lacanian concepts of anxiety and psychosis. He has also published work on argument, history of rhetoric, and games. Dr. Matheson is a former debate coach at Harvard University and a current candidate at the Pittsburgh Psychoanalytic Center.~, https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/concern/dissertations/6682x4537, SJBE AND fellow on the back, all laughing like happy children. (12) The 1AC is an ideological fantasy constructed by relentless planning at the expense of scapegoated identities, all for recognition from the Other in an attempt to fill the lack.Gunder 05 Michael Gunder, 2005, "The Production of Desirous Space: Mere Fantasies of the Utopian City?" Planning Theory 2005 4: 173, DOI: 10.1177/1473095205054604, all brackets were in the original text, SJBE AND and ourselves, that constitutes the social reality that is our lived space. The repetition of drives makes life the enemy and causes extinctionThemi 08 (Tim, Prof @ Deakin U, "How Lacan’s Ethics Might Improve Our Understanding of Nietzsche’s Critique of Platonism: The Neurosis and Nihilism of a ‘Life’ Against Life," Cosmos and History: The Journal of Natural and Social Philosophy 4.1-2, 2008) SJBE, recut from Harvard BoSu AND -understood drive resurge of its own volition until it accidentally finishes us! Vote negative to embrace the lack – this requires being open to the anxiety that occurs from an encounter with the other and breaks down fantasy and drives.McGowan 13 Todd McGowan, 2013, "Enjoying What We Don’t Have: The Political Project of Psychoanalysis," University of Nebraska Press/Lincoln and London, SJBE AND the liberal’s toler- ance within the conservative’s encounter with the real other. Form over content – a~ their speech-act controls the way that we understand and interpret their framework, b~ it shouldn’t matter how correct you are if you engaged in unethical practices along the way, both of these mean that you should evaluate the K as a side-constraint on how we view things like the affirmative framework. | 1/13/22 |
JANFEB - K - Psychoanalysis v2Tournament: Harvard RR | Round: 2 | Opponent: Dulles TY | Judge: Qin - Sussman 2The subject is alienated when it articulates its desires – incomplete signifiers structure the emergence of subjectivity and produce repetitive drives to fill the lack that justify coercive violence. Use reasonability on theory read against Ks – if you could reasonably clash with the K, the inclusion benefits we get from critical discussions sequentially outweighs marginal fairness concerns. Thus, the ROB is to traverse the fantasy – that means exposing drives.Matheson 15 Calum Matheson, PhD, 2015, "Desired Ground Zeroes: Nuclear Imagination and the Death Drive," University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, ~Calum Matheson is author of Desiring the Bomb: Communication, Psychoanalysis, and the Atomic Age (University of Alabama). He is a former high school debater. His research focuses on intersections of rhetoric, media, and theories of psychoanalysis and deconstruction. His current work focuses on right-wing political extremism, conspiracy thinking, and Lacanian concepts of anxiety and psychosis. He has also published work on argument, history of rhetoric, and games. Dr. Matheson is a former debate coach at Harvard University and a current candidate at the Pittsburgh Psychoanalytic Center.~, https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/concern/dissertations/6682x4537, SJBE AND fellow on the back, all laughing like happy children. (12) Their deployment of debate is an agential fantasy – the affirmative is an investment into subjectivity as a teleological entity dependent on external recognition to satisfy its goals, which is addicting and causes passivity. Proves theory and the K answer different questions – one says ur unfair and one says ur violent – not a contradiction because they both think you should loseLundberg 12 Dr. Christian Lundberg, 2012, "Lacan in Public: Psychoanalysis and the Science of Rhetoric," The University of Alabama Press, Dr. Lundberg is an associate professor and co-director of the University Program in Cultural Studies at UNC, he has a B.A. from the University of Redlands, a Master of Divinity from Emory University, and a Ph.D. in Communication Studies from Northwestern University, sjbe AND a hegemonic order and is therefore a particularly fraught form of political subjectivization. That destroys politics, ethics, and the value to lifeRuti ‘14 (mari, English, Toronto, Psychoanalysis, Culture and Society (2014) 19, 297–314) SJBE, recut from Harvard BoSu AND of desire that, on the most elementary level, determines our destiny. Vote negative to embrace the lack – this requires being open to the anxiety that occurs from an encounter with the other and breaks down fantasy and drives.McGowan 13 Todd McGowan, 2013, "Enjoying What We Don’t Have: The Political Project of Psychoanalysis," University of Nebraska Press/Lincoln and London, SJBE AND the liberal’s toler- ance within the conservative’s encounter with the real other. | 2/17/22 |
JANFEB - NC - KantTournament: GOLDEN DESERT DEBATE TOURNAMENT AT UNLV | Round: 5 | Opponent: Southlake Carroll SD | Judge: David McGinnis 1NC – OFFEthics must begin a priori and the meta-ethic is bindingness.~1~ Uncertainty – our experiences are inaccessible to others which allows people to say they don’t experience the same, however a priori principles are universally applied to all agents.~2~ Bindingness – I can keep asking "why should I follow this" which results in skep since obligations are predicated on ignorantly accepting rules. Only reason solves since asking "why reason?" requires reason which is self-justified.That means we must universally will maxims— any non-universalizable norm justifies someone’s ability to impede on your ends.Thus, the standard is consistency with the categorical imperative.Prefer –~1~ All other frameworks collapse—non-Kantian theories source obligations in extrinsically good objects, but that presupposes the goodness of the rational will.~2~ Theory – Frameworks are topicality interps of the word ought so they should be theoretically justified. Prefer on resource disparities—a focus on evidence and statistics privileges debaters with the most preround prep which excludes lone-wolfs who lack huge evidence files. A debate under my framework can easily be won without any prep since huge evidence files aren’t required.Negate:Acquisition of property can never be unjust – to create rights violations, there must already be an owner of the property being violated, but that presupposes its appropriation by another entity.Feser 1, (Edward Feser, 1-1-2005, accessed on 12-15-2021, Cambridge University Press, "THERE IS NO SUCH THING AS AN UNJUST INITIAL ACQUISITION | Social Philosophy and Policy | Cambridge Core", Edward C. Feser is an American philosopher. He is an Associate Professor of Philosophy at Pasadena City College in Pasadena, California. https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/social-philosophy-and-policy/article/abs/there-is-no-such-thing-as-an-unjust-initial-acquisition/5C744D6D5C525E711EC75F75BF7109D1)~~brackets for gen lang~phs st AND , then, for there to be any injustices in initial acquisition.7 To own yourself and use your own freedom is to be able to interact with external objects. Anything else makes you unable to exercise your own freedom on other things and creates a contradiction.Feser 2, (Edward Feser, 1-1-2005, accessed on 12-15-2021, Cambridge University Press, "THERE IS NO SUCH THING AS AN UNJUST INITIAL ACQUISITION | Social Philosophy and Policy | Cambridge Core", Edward C. Feser is an American philosopher. He is an Associate Professor of Philosophy at Pasadena City College in Pasadena, California. https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/social-philosophy-and-policy/article/abs/there-is-no-such-thing-as-an-unjust-initial-acquisition/5C744D6D5C525E711EC75F75BF7109D1)~~brackets for gen lang~phs st AND that corkscrew owners who lack bottles are not full owners of their corkscrews. | 2/6/22 |
JANFEB - NC - Kant v2Tournament: Harvard Westlake | Round: 6 | Opponent: Immaculate Heart AW | Judge: Matt Moorhead 1Ethics must begin a priori and the meta-ethic is bindingness.~1~ Uncertainty – our experiences are inaccessible to others which allows people to say they don’t experience the same, however a priori principles are universally applied to all agents.~2~ Bindingness – I can keep asking "why should I follow this" which results in skep since obligations are predicated on ignorantly accepting rules. Only reason solves since asking "why reason?" requires reason which is self-justified.That means we must universally will maxims— any non-universalizable norm justifies someone’s ability to impede on your ends.Thus, the standard is consistency with the categorical imperative.Prefer –All other frameworks collapse—non-Kantian theories source obligations in extrinsically good objects, but that presupposes the goodness of the rational will.Negate:~1~ A model of freedom mandates a market-oriented approach to space—that negatesBroker 20 ~(Tyler, work has been published in the Gonzaga Law Review, the Albany Law Review and the University of Memphis Law Review.) "Space Law Can Only Be Libertarian Minded," Above the Law, 1-14-20, https://abovethelaw.com/2020/01/space-law-can-only-be-libertarian-minded/~~ TDI AND fidelity to a set of laws made possible, in such an existence. ~2~ Banning private space appropriation inhibits the sale and use of spacecraft and fuel- that’s a form of restricting the free economic choices of individualsRichman 12, Sheldon. "The free market doesn’t need government regulation." Reason, August 5, 2012. AHS RG AND really, it is just men and women acting rationally in the world. | 2/6/22 |
JANFEB - NC - Kant v3Tournament: Harvard | Round: 6 | Opponent: Livingston RB | Judge: Angela Zhong 2The meta-ethic is procedural moral realism.This entails that moral facts stem from procedures while substantive realism holds that moral truths exist independently of that in the empirical world. Prefer procedural realism –~1~ Collapses – the only way to verify whether something is a moral fact is by using procedures to warrant it.~2~ Uncertainty – our experiences are inaccessible to others which allows people to say they don’t experience the same, however a priori principles are universally applied to all agents.~3~ Is/Ought Gap – we can only perceive what is, not what ought to be. It’s impossible to derive an ought statement from descriptive facts about the world, necessitating a priori premises.Practical Reason is that procedure. To ask for why we should be reasoners concedes its authority since it uses reason – anything else is nonbinding and arbitrary. That hijacks their framework since you need reason to evaluate any relevant consequences.Moral law must be universal—our judgements can’t only apply to ourselves any more than 2+24 can be true only for me – any non-universalizable norm justifies someone’s ability to impede on your ends. ==== Reject Extinction outweighs- aggregation is nonsensical since a~ it impedes on one persons ends for another and b~ assumes everyone values the same thing.Thus, the standard is consistency with the categorical imperative.Prefer –~1~ Performativity—freedom is the key to the process of justification of arguments. Willing that we should abide by their ethical theory presupposes that we own ourselves in the first place.~2~ All other frameworks collapse—non-Kantian theories source obligations in extrinsically good objects, but that presupposes the goodness of the rational will.Negate:Acquisition of property can never be unjust – to create rights violations, there must already be an owner of the property being violated, but that presupposes its appropriation by another entity.Feser 1, (Edward Feser, 1-1-2005, accessed on 12-15-2021, Cambridge University Press, "THERE IS NO SUCH THING AS AN UNJUST INITIAL ACQUISITION | Social Philosophy and Policy | Cambridge Core", Edward C. Feser is an American philosopher. He is an Associate Professor of Philosophy at Pasadena City College in Pasadena, California. https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/social-philosophy-and-policy/article/abs/there-is-no-such-thing-as-an-unjust-initial-acquisition/5C744D6D5C525E711EC75F75BF7109D1)~~brackets for gen lang~phs st AND , then, for there to be any injustices in initial acquisition.7 | 2/20/22 |
JANFEB - NC - NIBsTournament: GOLDEN DESERT DEBATE TOURNAMENT AT UNLV | Round: 4 | Opponent: Mission San Jose SR | Judge: Conal Thomas-McGinnis 2I defend the status quoPermissibility and presumption negate:1~ Obligations- the resolution indicates the affirmative has to prove something unjust, and permissibility would deny the existence of justice2~ Falsity- Statements are more often false than true because proving one part of the statement false disproves the entire statement. Presuming all statements are true creates contradictions which would be ethically bankrupt.3~ Affirmation theory- Affirming requires unconditionally maintaining an obligationAffirm : maintain as true. 4~ Linguistics fail- Words have no intrinsic meaning but are constructed by signs and signifiers. For example, pencil refers to a specific image pops in your head that doesn’t replicate all pencils.The resolution is false under prag:1~ The Münchhausen trilemma negates. This card also answers all responses. There is no ethically justified frameworkIdeasinhat 18, 11-16-2018, "Ideasinhat," https://ideasinhat.com/2018/11/16/what-is-the-munchhausen-trilemma/ SJCPJG Recut Jet AND , as it appeals to sense perception to verify something found in sense perception 2~ the is "denoting a disease or affliction" but appropriation isn’t a disease3~ of is to "expressing an age" but the rez doesn’t delineate a length of time4~ private describes "belonging to or for the use of one particular person or group of people only" and an entity is "independent, separate, or self-contained existence"No new 1ar definitions: I premised my strat off a lack of 1ac definitions and reading them in the 1ac solves since the words in the resolution are expected to be definedNo new 1ar permissibility presumption affirms arguments: you already read them in the aff so reading new ones gives you a 2-1 skewNot speccing the advocacy is a voting issue – justifies new 1ar plan text to delink out of my arguments and defending the "resolution" can entail any type of appropriation | 2/6/22 |
JANFEB - NC - NibsTournament: Harvard | Round: 6 | Opponent: Livingston RB | Judge: Angela Zhong 4Permissibility and presumption negate1~ Obligations – Unjust is "not morally right; not fair, but permissibility means we can’t prove something is morally wrong since nothing is morally wrong2~ Falsity- Statements are more often false than true because proving one part of the statement false disproves the entire statement. Presuming all statements are true creates contradictions which would be ethically bankrupt.The role of the ballot is to determine whether the resolution is a true or false statement – anything else moots 7 minutes of the nc – their framing collapses since you must say it is true that a world is better than another before you adopt it.They justify substantive skews since there will always be a more correct side of the issue but we compensate for flaws in the lit.Scalar methods like comparison increases intervention – the persuasion of certain DA or advantages sway decisions – T/F binary is descriptive and technical.Negate because either the aff is true meaning its bad for us to clash w/ it because it turns us into Fake News people OR it’s not meaning it’s a lie that you can’t vote on for ethicsa priori's 1st – even worlds framing requires ethics that begin from a priori principles like reason or pleasure so we control the internal link to functional debates.The ballot says vote aff or neg based on a topic – five dictionaries define to negate as to deny the truth of and affirm as to prove true so it's constitutive and jurisdictional.Negate:1~ the is "denoting a disease or affliction" but appropriation isn’t a disease2~ of is to "expressing an age" but the rez doesn’t delineate a length of time3~ private describes "belonging to or for the use of one particular person or group of people only" and an entity is "independent, separate, or self-contained existence"====4~ Paradox of tolerance- to be completely open to the aff we must exclude perspectives that wouldn’t be open to it which makes complete tolerance impossible.==== 7~ Arrows Paradox- If time is divided into 0-duration slices, no motion is happening in each of them, so taking them all as a whole, motion is impossible. | 2/20/22 |
JANFEB - T - All AppropriationTournament: Harvard Westlake | Round: 2 | Opponent: Harker SY | Judge: Julian Kuffour 3Interpretation—the aff may not defend a subset of appropriation.Appropriation is a generic indefinite singular. Cohen 01Ariel Cohen (Ben-Gurion University of the Negev), "On the Generic Use of Indefinite Singulars," Journal of Semantics 18:3, 2001 https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/188590876.pdf AND me such a room? Don’t you know a room is¶ square? Their plan violates. Rules readings are always generalized – specific instances are not consistent. Cohen 01Ariel Cohen (Ben-Gurion University of the Negev), "On the Generic Use of Indefinite Singulars," Journal of Semantics 18:3, 2001 https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/188590876.pdf AND , it suddenly changes¶ direction, for example to avoid hitting something. That outweighs—only our evidence speaks to how indefinite singulars are interpreted in the context of normative statements like the resolution. This means throw out aff counter-interpretations that are purely descriptiveVote neg:1~ Precision –any deviation justifies the aff arbitrarily jettisoning words in the resolution at their whim which decks negative ground and preparation because the aff is no longer bounded by the resolution.2~ Limits—specifying a type of appropriation offers huge explosion in the topic since space is, quite literally, infinite.Drop the debater to preserve fairness and education – use competing interps –reasonability invites arbitrary judge intervention and a race to the bottom of questionable argumentationHypothetical neg abuse doesn’t justify aff abuse, and theory checks cheaty CPsNo RVIs—it’s their burden to be topical. | 1/15/22 |
JANFEB - T - AppropriationTournament: debateLA Challenge | Round: 3 | Opponent: Sage MP | Judge: Dosch - Ribera Interpretation: "Appropriation of outer space" by private entities refers to the exercise of exclusive control of space.TIMOTHY JUSTIN TRAPP, JD Candidate @ UIUC Law, ’13, TAKING UP SPACE BY ANY OTHER MEANS: COMING TO TERMS WITH THE NONAPPROPRIATION ARTICLE OF THE OUTER SPACE TREATY UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS LAW REVIEW ~Vol. 2013 No. 4~ AND the Bogotá Declaration were trying to accomplish, albeit through different means.219 Violation: They spec large constellationsStandards:Limits and ground: the aff interpretation explodes the topic to allow any aff about extracting resources which structurally alters the neg research burden because there’s a qualitative difference between appropriation of outer space and of resources. That alters neg ground because it means the aff can defend trivial middle grounds that go beyond just exclusive appropriation unbalancing the topic and also turns pics because smaller affs incentivize more cheaty pics like process because they need genericsjurisdiction – the judge doesn’t have the jurisdiction to vote aff if there wasn’t a legitimate aff.TVA solves – you could’ve just read whole rez w debris advantagesUse competing interps - Topicality is a binary question, you can’t be reasonably topicalNo Rvis – they’ll just bait theory and prep it out; illogical – you shouldn’t win for being fair | 1/13/22 |
JANFEB - T - Appropriation vMiningTournament: Harvard | Round: 6 | Opponent: Livingston RB | Judge: Angela Zhong 3Interpretation: Appropriation refers to sovereign claims of land.Melissa J. Durkee 19, J. Alton Hosch Associate Professor of Law, University of Georgia, "Interstitial Space Law," Washington University Law Review 97, no. 2 423-482 AND , they have no power to confer those rights on their nationals.184 Violation: they only defend lunar mining which is extraction – those are distinct – prefer rigorous legal analysis. This card is so good it ends the debate.Wrench 19 – John grew up outside of Ithaca, New York, and received his law degree from the Case Western Reserve University School of Law in 2019. During law school, he served as editor in chief of the Case Western Reserve Journal of International Law and was a member of the Federalist Society. John interned in his law school’s First Amendment Litigation Clinic and was a judicial extern to the Honorable Paul E. Davison in the Southern District of New York. John graduated from Pace University in 2015 with a Bachelor of Arts in Philosophy and Religious Studies. 2019. ~Case Western Reserve Journal of International Law, " Non-Appropriation, No Problem: The Outer Space Treaty Is Ready for Asteroid Mining," https://scholarlycommons.law.case.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2546andcontext=jil~~ Justin AND property rights in resources independent from land-ownership, while promoting beneficial use Standards:1~ Precision outweighs – non-topical affs violate tournament rules so the judge doesn’t have the jurisdiction to vote on them and it controls the internal to pragmatic offense in a question of models because it decks predictable stasis.2~ Limits – allowing extraction to equate to sovereign claims explodes limits by shifting the debate away from sovereign claims to celestial bodies to permutations of parts of celestial bodies that companies could extract – leads to unbeatable affs that just ban extraction of one resource which the neg can’t ever predict. Forcing the affirmative to defend sovereign claims to celestial bodies is net better.3~ TVA – defend an aff that bans sovereign claims to celestial bodies – solves your offense since you still get property rights fight offense. | 2/20/22 |
JANFEB - T - Global CommonsTournament: NDCA | Round: 4 | Opponent: Marlborough ML | Judge: Truman Le 1Interpretation: debaters must only defend that the appropriation of outer space by private entities is unjust. To clarify, they must only defend private entities.Private entities are non-governmental.Dunk 11 – Frans G. von der Dunk, 2011, ~"The Origins of Authorisation: Article VI of the Outer Space Treaty and International Space Law," University of Nebraska~ Justin AND . Partly, this was the consequence of key principles being left undefined. That excludes governments and nations.Upcounsel ~UpCounsel is an interactive online service that makes it faster and easier for businesses to find and hire legal help solely based on their preferences. "Private Entity: Everything You Need to Know." https://www.upcounsel.com/private-entity~~ Justin Violation—they advocate for "the commons" in which no individual, including governments, own property in outer space.This bans appropriation by countries, which aren’t private entities.Babcock 19 ~H., 2019. THE PUBLIC TRUST DOCTRINE, OUTER SPACE, AND THE GLOBAL COMMONS: TIME TO CALL HOME ET. ~online~ Lawreview.syr.edu. Available at: https://lawreview.syr.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/H-Babcock-Article-Final-Document-v2.pdf~~#page=67 ~Accessed 15 December 2021~ Professor Babcock served as general counsel to the National Audubon Society from 1987-91 and as deputy general counsel and Director of Audubon’s Public Lands and Water Program from 1981-87. Previously, she was a partner with Blum, Nash and Railsback, where she focused on energy and environmental issues, and an associate at LeBoeuf, Lamb, Leiby and MacRae where she represented utilities in the nuclear licensing process. From 1977-79, she served as a Deputy Assistant Secretary of Energy and Minerals in the U.S. Department of the Interior. Professor Babcock has taught environmental and natural resources law as a visiting professor at Pace University Law School and as an adjunct at the University of Pennsylvania, Yale, Catholic University, and Antioch law schools. Professor Babcock was a member of the Standing Committee on Environmental Law of the American Bar Association, and served on the Clinton-Gore Transition Team~ Justin AND like outer space, which is the "province of all mankind."363 We’ll pre-empt plan text in a vacuum – 1~ Anything else lets the 1ar recontextualize their advocacy in infinite different ways not grounded by their 1ac to moot neg offense 2~ 1AC offense is based off of the implementation and effects of the advantage which even if they win it, vote neg on presumption cuz they can’t solve anythingStandards1~ Precision—they justify doing away with random words because the aff is no longer bounded by the resolution which decks predictability. Independent voter for jurisdiction—the judge can’t vote aff if there wasn’t a legitimate aff.2~ Limits—tangentially related affs are unpredictable and infinite because there’s no stasis to the resolution—exacerbated by 195 governments and permutations.Two impacts:A~ Kills neg prep and ground because they can spike out of links by defending governments and create infinite prep burdens of unpredictable affs—exacerbated by infinite preround prep.B~ They inflate aff solvency by allowing a laundry list of external actions that private entities can’t do like government mission, NASA operations, testing ASATs, and more because private entities are qualitatively different. That impossible to negate because generics are beaten by overpowered affs.DTD to deter future abuse | 4/10/22 |
JANFEB - T - Government ActionTournament: NDCA | Round: 5 | Opponent: Sequoia AS | Judge: Ari Davidson 1Interpretation – affirmative teams must defend legal action by a governmentJohn Bouvier 56 ~The Free Dictionary, "Unjust"~ ~DS~ ~https://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Unjust~~#:~~:text=UNJUST.,test20of20right20and20wrong.~ AND is opposed to a law which is the test of right and wrong. This is clearBlack’s Law Dictionary ND ~DS~ ~https://thelawdictionary.org/unjust/~~ Resolved means enactment of a lawLouisiana State Legislature (https://www.legis.la.gov/legis/Glossary.aspx) Ngong AND Senate Rules 10.9, 13.5 and 15.1) Violation – the aff fiats private self-restriction, which is not a method of correcting injustice nor an enactment of a law.Ground – generics on this topic must be tied to the actor, not the action, because each space appropriation is unique. A topic where the unifying thesis is countries legislating restrictions on space appropriation is much better than one about private actors self-restricting – their interp skirts multilat good/bad, K’s of IR and global governance, and CP’s to reform the OST – there are no unifying DA’s to different private companies around the world signing binding internal memos to restrict a type of space appropriation.Predictability and Limits – there are infinite private entities that could appropriate space but only a small amount of spacefaring nations – legal limits are necessary when the topic doesn’t have the word "substantial" in it.Topicality is a voting issue of competing interpretations – it prevents arbitrary judge intervention and a race to the top that favors no one. The standards debate above also proves they aren’t reasonable.No RVIs – they’re illogical, create a chilling effect on setting theory norms, and destroy substantive education. | 4/10/22 |
JANFEB - T - ImplementationTournament: GOLDEN DESERT DEBATE TOURNAMENT AT UNLV | Round: 5 | Opponent: Southlake Carroll SD | Judge: David McGinnis 1NC – OFFT-Implementation Interpretation: Affirmatives must not defend the implementation of an action.Resolved in context of the resolution is a statement of value.UPitt n.d. – University Of Pittsburgh Communications Services Webteam, copyright 2015-21, "Basic Definitions," Department of Communication , https://www.comm.pitt.edu/basic-definitions CHO AND "The Civil War," "genetic engineering," or "Great Books." "Is" is a linking verb – no implementation since it’s a description.GM n.d. – "Linking Verbs," Grammar Monster, https://www.grammar-monster.com/glossary/linking'verbs.htm CHO AND Alan is thirsty. (Here, the subject is described as thirsty.) Violation: they defend a ban.Negate for limits and ground – justifies infinite unpredictable advantages which overstretches research spiking generics. Precision outweighs – non-topical affs violate tournament rules so the judge doesn’t have the jurisdiction to vote on them and it controls the internal to pragmatic offense in a question of models.TVA – read a whole res phil aff – creates better ethics and critical thinking and outweighs on uniqueness – switching to policy solves your offense.Drop the debater to deter future abuse.CI- Reasonability is arbitrary and we don’t know the brightline while prepping. Collapses since it uses an offense/defense paradigm to win it.No RVIs- A~ Illogical- you don’t win for being fair B~ Encourages baiting theory which proliferates abuse C~ Chills checking abuse for fear of the RVIDTA on 1AR shells – they can blow up blippy shells in the 2AR but I split time and can’t preempt the 2AR causing intervention making it irresolvable so don’t drop meReasonability on 1AR shells – 1AR theory is aff-biased because the 2AR gets to line-by-line with new answers | 2/6/22 |
JANFEB - T - Must Not Spec Private EntitiesTournament: Harvard Westlake | Round: 6 | Opponent: Immaculate Heart AW | Judge: Matt Moorhead 2Interpretation: "Private entities" is a generic bare plural. The aff may not defend that a subset of nations ban the appropriation of outer space.Nebel 19. ~Jake Nebel is an assistant professor of philosophy at the University of Southern California and executive director of Victory Briefs. He writes a lot of this stuff lol – duh.~ "Genericity on the Standardized Tests Resolution." Vbriefly. August 12, 2019. https://www.vbriefly.com/2019/08/12/genericity-on-the-standardized-tests-resolution/?fbclid=IwAR0hUkKdDzHWrNeqEVI7m59pwsnmqLl490n4uRLQTe7bWmWDO'avWCNzi14 TG AND "colleges and universities" is generic rather than existential in the resolution. It applies to "private entities" – adding "generally" to the rez doesn’t substantially change its meaning and the rez doesn’t entail that all entities ought to ban private appropriationViolation: They spec chinaNet benefits -~1~ Limits – 195 recognized countries plus combinations and specific entities within countries makes negating impossible especially with no unifying disads against different policies, implementation and regulation procedures~2~ Precision outweighs – it determines which interps your ballot can endorse by providing the only salient focal point for debates—if their interp is not premised on the text of the resolution, its benefits are irrelevant to the question of topicality since it fails to interpret the topic. Plan affs just lead to cheatier pics anyways since the neg has to default to genericsDTD on T— indicts their ability to read the aff and the debate shouldn’t have happened to begin w if the aff was abusiveNo rvis – illogical and baitingCompeting Interps on T since its binary and a question of models—reasonability arbitrary | 2/6/22 |
JANFEB - T - Must Not Spec Private Entity v2Tournament: Emory | Round: Octas | Opponent: Harker AR | Judge: Palmer - Bosley - Mukherjee 1Interpretation: debaters must not defend a specific actor that bans appropriation of outer space by private entitiesViolation: they defend ChinaNegate for limits – infinite unpredictable actors like China, SpaceX, Boeing, Ukraine, etc decks negative engagement since they spike out of generics and explodes prep burdens. Encourages process/word PICs since we don’t have specific prep.No rvis – they’ll just bait theory and you don’t win for being topicalCompeting interps – can’t be reasonably topical | 1/31/22 |
JANFEB - T - Outer SpaceTournament: Emory | Round: 5 | Opponent: Sage MP | Judge: Gerard Grisby 1Interpretation: Topical affirmatives must defend the appropriation of outer spaceOuter space starts 372 miles above the surface of earth.National Geographic No Date ~National Geographic Society, "Atmosphere," https://www.nationalgeographic.org/encyclopedia/atmosphere/~~ Sachin AND gravity is so small here that molecules of gas escape into outer space. Starlink’s satelites reach 340 Miles above earth’s surface.Mann 19, ~Adam Mann, 5-24-2019, "Starlink: SpaceX's satellite internet project," Space, https://www.space.com/spacex-starlink-satellites.html~~ Sachin AND a few years so that they don't become space junk once they die. Violation: 340 miles is less than the 372 miles necessary to be considered outer space; they explicitly defend only LEOVote neg:1~ Limits and ground: the aff interpretation explodes the topic to allow any aff about space generally which structurally alters the neg research burden because there’s a qualitative difference between outer space and the atmosphere. Means we get no ground bc of how unpredictable the AC could be from round to round – kills core neg generics like space col bad and mining that don’t link if you specify a part of space2~ Precision – Justifies the aff arbitrarily doing away with words in the resolution which gives way to affs about anything which obliterates neg prep.Use competing interps - Topicality is a binary question, you can’t be reasonably topical and it invites a race to the bottom of interventionDrop the debater – dropping the argument doesn’t rectify abuse since winning T proves why we don’t have the burden of rejoinder against their aff.No RVIS – it’s your burden to be topical which outweighs because logic is a meta-constraint on argumentation | 1/29/22 |
JANFEB - T - Outer Space v2Tournament: NDCA | Round: 2 | Opponent: Westwood SP | Judge: Samantha Mcloughlin 1The ISS isn’t outer space – this is clearHinterman 16 ~Engineer and PhD in Astronautics-MIT. Eric Hinterman, Engineer, PhD in Astronautics-MIT, Is the International Space Station outside Earth's atmosphere?, 2016, https://www.quora.com/Is-the-International-Space-Station-outside-Earths-atmosphere~~ AND atmosphere because it resides in the thermosphere, which is below the exosphere. Vote neg – limits and ground – negative DAs assume space, we do tons of stuff in the atmosphere, their interp makes the topic include every plane helicopter weapon and every other thing that occurs more than an inch off the ground, it makes the entire topic incoherentTopicality is a voting issue that should be evaluated through competing interpretations – it tells the negative what they do and do not have to prepare for—there’s no way for the negative to know what constitutes a "reasonable interpretation" when we do prep – reasonability is arbitrary and causes a race to the bottom, proliferating abuseNo RVIs—it’s your burden to be topical. | 4/9/22 |
JANFEB - T - Private EntitiesTournament: GOLDEN DESERT DEBATE TOURNAMENT AT UNLV | Round: 1 | Opponent: Marlborough JH | Judge: Yoyo Lei 1NC1Interpretation: debaters must only defend that the appropriation of outer space by private entities is unjust. To clarify, they must only defend private entities.Private entities are non-governmental.Dunk 11 – Frans G. von der Dunk, 2011, ~"The Origins of Authorisation: Article VI of the Outer Space Treaty and International Space Law," University of Nebraska~ Justin AND . Partly, this was the consequence of key principles being left undefined. That excludes governments and nations.Upcounsel ~UpCounsel is an interactive online service that makes it faster and easier for businesses to find and hire legal help solely based on their preferences. "Private Entity: Everything You Need to Know." https://www.upcounsel.com/private-entity~~ Justin Violation—they advocate for "the commons" in which no individual, including governments, own property in outer space.This bans appropriation by countries, which aren’t private entities.Babcock 19 ~H., 2019. THE PUBLIC TRUST DOCTRINE, OUTER SPACE, AND THE GLOBAL COMMONS: TIME TO CALL HOME ET. ~online~ Lawreview.syr.edu. Available at: https://lawreview.syr.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/H-Babcock-Article-Final-Document-v2.pdf~~#page=67 ~Accessed 15 December 2021~ Professor Babcock served as general counsel to the National Audubon Society from 1987-91 and as deputy general counsel and Director of Audubon’s Public Lands and Water Program from 1981-87. Previously, she was a partner with Blum, Nash and Railsback, where she focused on energy and environmental issues, and an associate at LeBoeuf, Lamb, Leiby and MacRae where she represented utilities in the nuclear licensing process. From 1977-79, she served as a Deputy Assistant Secretary of Energy and Minerals in the U.S. Department of the Interior. Professor Babcock has taught environmental and natural resources law as a visiting professor at Pace University Law School and as an adjunct at the University of Pennsylvania, Yale, Catholic University, and Antioch law schools. Professor Babcock was a member of the Standing Committee on Environmental Law of the American Bar Association, and served on the Clinton-Gore Transition Team~ Justin AND like outer space, which is the "province of all mankind."363 Don’t let them shift out of the violation – inserted lines below.1AC Vollmer- Therefore, anyone utilizing or benefitting from the utilization of the geospace commons has an equitable duty to ensure its sustainability AND companies, what emerges here is the powerful homology between state and private ownership We’ll pre-empt plan text in a vacuum – 1~ Anything else lets the 1ar recontextualize their advocacy in infinite different ways not grounded by their 1ac to moot neg offense 2~ 1AC offense is based off of the implementation and effects of the advantage which even if they win it, vote neg on presumption cuz they can’t solve anythingStandards1~ Precision—they justify doing away with random words because the aff is no longer bounded by the resolution which decks predictability. Independent voter for jurisdiction—the judge can’t vote aff if there wasn’t a legitimate aff.2~ Limits—tangentially related affs are unpredictable and infinite because there’s no stasis to the resolution—exacerbated by 195 governments and permutations.Two impacts:A~ Kills neg prep and ground because they can spike out of links by defending governments and create infinite prep burdens of unpredictable affs—exacerbated by infinite preround prep.B~ They inflate aff solvency by allowing a laundry list of external actions that private entities can’t do like government mission, NASA operations, testing ASATs, and more because private entities are qualitatively different. That impossible to negate because generics are beaten by overpowered affs.CI – IntervnetionNo rvis – illogical, baiting | 2/5/22 |
JANFEB - T - UnjustTournament: Emory | Round: 4 | Opponent: Lake Highland AV | Judge: Sam Larson 11~ Interp – Unjust refers to a negative action – it means contrary.Black Laws No Date "What is Unjust?" https://thelawdictionary.org/unjust/ Elmer 2~ Violation – The Aff is a positive action – it creates a new concept for Space i.e. the treating of Space as a "Global Commons".3~ Standards –a~ Limits – making the topic bi-directional explodes predictability – it means that Aff’s can both increase non-exist property regimes in space AND decrease appropriation by private actors – makes the topic untenable.b~ Ground – wrecks Neg Generics – we can’t say appropriation good since the 1AC can create new views on Outer Space Property Rights that circumvent our Links since they can say "Global Commons" approach solves.4~ TVA – just defend that space appropriation is bad.a~ Topicality is Drop the Debater – it’s a fundamental baseline for debate-ability.b~ Use Competing Interps – 1~ Topicality is a yes/no question, you can’t be reasonably topical and 2~ Reasonability invites arbitrary judge intervention and a race to the bottom of questionable argumentation.c~ No RVI’s - 1~ Forces the 1NC to go all-in on Theory which kills substance education, 2~ Encourages Baiting since the 1AC will purposely be abusive, and 3~ Illogical – you shouldn’t win for not being abusive. | 1/29/22 |
MARAPR - CP - CopsTournament: TFA State | Round: Doubles | Opponent: Greenhill KD | Judge: George - Vijayan - Quisenberry 3CP Text: A free press ought to prioritize objectivity over advocacy except for when reporting on police incidents and reports by policeNot specifying an actor is an voting issueObjectivity is synonymous with whiteness and police narratives disguise sketchy antiblackness and manipulate Black reportersMattar 22 Pacinthe Mattar, 2-10-2022, "Objectivity Is a Privilege Afforded to White Journalists," Walrus, https://thewalrus.ca/objectivity-is-a-privilege-afforded-to-white-journalists/ B1ack ZD AND of new opportunities." That last point rings entirely too true for me. | 3/12/22 |
MARAPR - DA - AuthoritarianismTournament: TFA State | Round: Doubles | Opponent: Greenhill KD | Judge: George - Vijayan - Quisenberry 4Policies that promote objectivity become the pretext for government crackdowns on legitimate journalismWest 17 Darrell M. West (Vice President and Director - Governance Studies Senior Fellow - Center for Technology Innovation Douglas Dillon Chair in Governmental Studies) 12/18/2017, How to combat fake news and disinformation, Brookings, https://www.brookings.edu/research/how-to-combat-fake-news-and-disinformation/Karan AND improve news quality not weaken journalistic content or the investigative landscape facing reporters. Gov. crackdowns on media are a form of soft authoritarianism that escalates into complete tyrannyChristensen 21 Christensen, Devin (PhD in Political Science, UNC, Chapel Hill), John Lovett, and John A. Curiel. "Mainstream Media Recirculation of Trust-Reducing Social Media Messages." American Politics Research (2021): 1532673X211023931. AND them the authority to set things straight (Svilicic and Maldini, 2014). Authoritarianism causes a laundry list of catastrophic impacts.Kasparov and Halvorssen 17 ~Garry Kasparov and Thor Halvorssen *Chairman of the New York-based Human Rights Foundation Thor Halvorssen is the foundation’s president and chief executive. "Opinion: Why the rise of authoritarianism is a global catastrophe." Washington Post. 2/13/17. https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/democracy-post/wp/2017/02/13/why-the-rise-of-authoritarianism-is-a-global-catastrophe/~~ Justin AND human rights violations and to use our freedom to help others achieve theirs. Extinction outweighs1~ uncertainty | 3/12/22 |
MARAPR - DA - UkraineTournament: TFA State | Round: 4 | Opponent: McNeil AR | Judge: Alex Yoakum 4Ukraine war is optimistic, but maintaining outside support and low Russian morale’s keyUkraine getting outside help from west AND the other hand, that’s also how a Ukrainian army becomes more determined. Ukrainian propaganda is key to defeating Russia.Stuart A. Thompson 22 (reporter in the technology department covering misinformation and disinformation.) and Davey Alba (technology reporter covering disinformation. In 2019, she won a Livingston Award for excellence in international reporting and a Mirror Award) 3/3/2022, nytimes, Fact and Mythmaking Blend in Ukraine’s Information War, https://www.nytimes.com/2022/03/03/technology/ukraine-war-misinfo.html AND out those messages, which makes them combatants of a sort as well." Russian win would lead to escalation in multiple forums – goes global.LIANA FIX 22 (Resident Fellow at the German Marshall Fund, in Washington, D.C). MICHAEL KIMMAGE (Professor of History at the Catholic University of America and a Visiting Fellow at the German Marshall Fund. )2/18/22, What If Russia Wins? A Kremlin-Controlled Ukraine Would Transform Europe, Foreign Affairs, https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/ukraine/2022-02-18/what-if-russia-wins AND a rapprochement between Washington and Beijing, but it may initiate new conversations. No limited nuclear wars – extinction.Webber 19 – Dr Philip Webber has written widely on nuclear issues and is Chair of Scientists for Global Responsibility (SGR) – a membership organisation promoting responsible science and technology. We will all end up killing each other and one nuclear blast could do it. 5/18/19. ~METRO.UK "We will all end up killing each other and one nuclear blast could do it," https://metro.co.uk/2019/05/18/we-will-all-end-up-killing-each-other-and-one-nuclear-blast-could-do-it-9370115/~~ Recut Justin AND due to intense levels of UV with the destruction of the ozone layer. | 3/11/22 |
MARAPR - Impact Turn - Cap GoodTournament: TFA State | Round: 1 | Opponent: Memorial SC | Judge: Holden No discussions offense: 1~ we’d impact turn those discussions 2~ no reason why those would spill up from debate or how it would solveThis robinson evidence says literally nothing and zero extinction argumentsFirst, sustainability:1~ Sustainability is nonsense – we’re nowhere near collapse. Prioritize solving extinction, even if that means more resource extraction.Ted Nordhaus, 5-20-2021 ~Ted Nordhaus is the founder and executive director of the Breakthrough Institute, an environmental policy think tank committed to technological solutions for climate problems, and the author of several books including Break Through: From the Death of Environmentalism to the Politics of Possibility and An Ecomodernist Manifesto., "Interview: Ted Nordhaus on ecomodernism," Works in Progress https://www.worksinprogress.co/issue/interview-ted-nordhaus-on-ecomodernism/ DMcD~ AND offs? That’s the future that I think we ought to be pursuing. 2~ Yes decouplingHausfather 21 – a climate scientist and energy systems analyst whose research focuses on observational temperature records, climate models, and mitigation technologies. He spent 10 years working as a data scientist and entrepreneur in the cleantech sector, where he was the lead data scientist at Essess, the chief scientist at C3.ai, and the cofounder and chief scientist of Efficiency 2.0. He also worked as a research scientist with Berkeley Earth, was the senior climate analyst at Project Drawdown, and the US analyst for Carbon Brief. He has masters degrees in environmental science from Yale University and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam and a PhD in climate science from the University of California, Berkeley. (Zeke, "Absolute Decoupling of Economic Growth and Emissions in 32 Countries," Breakthrough Institute, 4-6-2021, https://thebreakthrough.org/issues/energy/absolute-decoupling-of-economic-growth-and-emissions-in-32-countries, Accessed 4-11-2021, LASA-SC) AND , transportation, buildings) than in others (industrial processes, agriculture). 3~ Tech dematMcAfee 19, *Andrew Paul McAfee, a principal research scientist at MIT, is cofounder and codirector of the MIT Initiative on the Digital Economy at the MIT Sloan School of Management; (2019, "More from Less: The Surprising Story of How We Learned to Prosper Using Fewer Resources and What Happens Next", https://b-ok.cc/book/5327561/8acdbe) AND , which are the first of the two pairs of forces causing dematerialization. Second, transition:Yes they do link – transition would never happen, and its bad even in future planning – vagueness of the 1ac vs. specificity of the 1nc should frame this debate1~ Crisis causes casino capitalist efforts to rebound—-that’s worseTrainer 95 – Ted Trainer, Teaches at the School of Social Work at the University of New South Wales, The Conserver Society: Alternatives for Sustainability. p. 78-79 AND cutting state spending and binding us more tightly into the unifying global economy. 2~ Empirics conclude revolution is structurally impossible – no working class support, capitalist opposition, and results in tyranny or reversion to capitalismCalnitsky 21 ~Dr. David Calnitsky 21, Assistant Professor in the Department of Sociology at Western University, Sociology PhD from the University of Wisconsin-Madison, 8/8/2021, "The Policy Road to Socialism," Critical Sociology, Sage Online~ Recut Jet AND have to rest on a foundation of smaller changes that have been tested. 3~ The move away from capitalism causes mass starvation, ecological collapse, and doesn’t solve their offense.Monbiot 9 ~George Monbiot 8-17-2009. Visiting Professor in the School of the Built Environment, Oxford Brookes University; recipient of the United Nations Global 500 Award for outstanding environmental achievement; named one of the forty international prophets of the twenty-first century by the UK’S Independent. "Is There Any Point in Fighting to Stave Off Industrial Apocalypse." Guardian. http://www.guardian.co.uk/commentisfree/cif-green/2009/aug/17/environment-climate-change.~~ Recut Jet AND fight is still worth having; you, because you think it isn't. 4~ Decline causes nationalism, scapegoating, and diversionary conflict – turns caseSundaram and Popov 19 ~Jomo Kwame Sundaram and Vladimir Popov 19. Former economics professor, was United Nations Assistant Secretary-General for Economic Development, and received the Wassily Leontief Prize for Advancing the Frontiers of Economic Thought in 2007. Former senior economics researcher in the Soviet Union, Russia and the United Nations Secretariat, is now Research Director at the Dialogue of Civilizations Research Institute in Berlin "Economic Crisis Can Trigger World War." http://www.ipsnews.net/2019/02/economic-crisis-can-trigger-world-war/~~ Recut Jet AND undertaking pre-emptive collective action, as difficult as that may be. 5~ Transition wars – Low-growth world causes great power conflictDrezner 16 ~Daniel W. Drezner 16, nonresident senior fellow at the Brookings Institution, professor of international politics at the Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy at Tufts University, May 2016, "Five Known Unknowns about the Next Generation Global Political Economy," https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/IOS-Drezner-web-1.pdf~~ AND else equal, this increases the likelihood of great power conflict going forward. 6~ Transition is worse for emissions – Socialist leaders value victories over the environmentSmith '19 ~Noah; 4/5/19; Bloomberg Opinion columnist, former assistant professor of finance at Stony Brook University; "Dumping Capitalism Won’t Save the Planet," https://www.bloomberg.com/opinion/articles/2019-04-05/capitalism-is-more-likely-to-limit-climate-change-than-socialism~~ Recut Jet AND The best climate policy plans all involve technological improvement as a key feature. 7~ Turns case – bounce-back is worse for the environment.Alexander 20 ~Dr. Samuel Alexander 20, PhD, Lecturer at the University of Melbourne, Co-Director of the Simplicity Institute, and Research Fellow with the Melbourne Sustainable Society Institute, 3/24/2020, "Is the Economic Shut Down what Degrowth Advocates have been Calling For?" https://www.resilience.org/stories/2020-03-24/is-the-economic-shut-down-what-degrowth-advocates-have-been-calling-for/, pacc~ AND tend to rise again as soon as the growth engine starts turning again. Finally, offense:Yes profit motive’s key – 1~ military 2~ no other incentive | 3/10/22 |
MARAPR - Impact Turn - Cap Good v2Tournament: TFA State | Round: Triples | Opponent: Westside SY | Judge: Wilson - Jones - Molina Case1NC – FramingExtinction outweighs:A~ Comes before value-to-life.Tännsjö 11 (Torbjörn, the Kristian Claëson Professor of Practical Philosophy at Stockholm University, "Shalt Thou Sometimes Murder? On the Ethics of Killing," http://people.su.se/~~jolso/HS-texter/shaltthou.pdf) BS 1-27-2018 AND suffering (in their lives) than I avoid (in my life). B~ Extinction outweighsMacAskill 14 ~William, Oxford Philosopher and youngest tenured philosopher in the world, Normative Uncertainty, 2014~ AND with the benefit of keeping one’s options open while one gains new information. Economic data restricts biases, promotes critical thinking, and prevents flawed decision-making errors—-rejecting economists plagues public discourse with innumeracy that results in worse outcomes.Ip 17, *Greg Ip is a Canadian-American journalist, currently the chief economics commentator for The Wall Street Journal. A native of Canada, Ip received a bachelor's degree in economics and journalism from Carleton University in Ottawa, Ontario; (August 25th, 2017, "In Defense of the Dismal Science", https://www.wsj.com/articles/in-defense-of-the-dismal-science-1503679118) Recut Jet AND analysis it supplies, but whether there is still sufficient demand for it. 1NC – Capitalism sustainable… Maybe we don’t??Robinson is horrible –1~ about limits to political power2~ assumes conflict occurs3~ zero data or examplesInnovation –1~ No impact – if we win that occurs in capitalism too, then that’s not a unique reason to shift2~ Proportional incentives key and frame their impacts – otherwise communism rewards any small innovation which kills drive for innovation1~ No alternative to growth for emissions – EKC is true for developed countries – their datasets include countries that haven’t reached the tipping point.Acaravci and Akalin 17 ~Ali Acaravci and Guray Akalin 17. 1 Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences, Mustafa Kemal University. 2017. "Environment–economic Growth Nexus: A Comparative Analysis of Developed and Developing Countries." International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, vol. 7, no. 5, pp. 34–43.~ Recut Jet AND along with the economic growth it may increase the amount of other pollutants. 2~ It’s sustainable – data proves we’re entering the golden ageHausfather 21 – a climate scientist and energy systems analyst whose research focuses on observational temperature records, climate models, and mitigation technologies. He spent 10 years working as a data scientist and entrepreneur in the cleantech sector, where he was the lead data scientist at Essess, the chief scientist at C3.ai, and the cofounder and chief scientist of Efficiency 2.0. He also worked as a research scientist with Berkeley Earth, was the senior climate analyst at Project Drawdown, and the US analyst for Carbon Brief. He has masters degrees in environmental science from Yale University and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam and a PhD in climate science from the University of California, Berkeley. (Zeke, "Absolute Decoupling of Economic Growth and Emissions in 32 Countries," Breakthrough Institute, 4-6-2021, https://thebreakthrough.org/issues/energy/absolute-decoupling-of-economic-growth-and-emissions-in-32-countries, Accessed 4-11-2021, LASA-SC) AND , transportation, buildings) than in others (industrial processes, agriculture). 3~ DematMcAfee 19, *Andrew Paul McAfee, a principal research scientist at MIT, is cofounder and codirector of the MIT Initiative on the Digital Economy at the MIT Sloan School of Management; (2019, "More from Less: The Surprising Story of How We Learned to Prosper Using Fewer Resources and What Happens Next", https://b-ok.cc/book/5327561/8acdbe) AND , which are the first of the two pairs of forces causing dematerialization. 4~ Innovation.Linus Blomqvist 18. Director of the Conservation and Food and Agriculture programs at the Breakthrough Institute, visiting researcher at the University of Tasmania where he is part of a team studying drivers of agricultural expansion and forecasting future land-use change, MESc from Yale’s School of Forestry and Environmental Studies, where he specialized in environmental economics, and a BA in Geography from Cambridge University. 04-04-18. "Decoupling or Degrowth? Why "Peak Stuff" May Not Be As Dire As You’ve Heard." Breakthrough Institute. https://thebreakthrough.org/issues/conservation/is-decoupling-doomed AND things that matter — environmental impacts — is still a very real possibility. 5~ New state capitalism is resilient.Larry Elliott 21, The Guardian’s Economics editor, 7-30-21, "During the pandemic, a new variant of capitalism has emerged," https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2021/jul/30/pandemic-new-variant-of-capitalism-spending-covid-state AND is a need for something stronger and more resilient than the old model. 6~ Capitalism solves war – its anti-imperialist.Mousseau 19, Michael. "The end of war: How a robust marketplace and liberal hegemony are leading to perpetual world peace." International Security 44.1 (2019): 160-196. Props to DML for finding. (Professor in the School of Politics, Security, and International Affairs at the University of Central Florida)Elmer AND member (currently the United States) to preserve and protect the global order 7~ Decline shreds US China relations which are key to solve emerging existential threatsJohnson and Gramer 20 ~Keith Johnson is Foreign Policy's global geoeconomics correspondent, Robbie Gramer is a diplomacy and national security reporter at Foreign Policy, covering the State Department. "The Great Decoupling", May 14th, https://foreignpolicy.com/2020/05/14/china-us-pandemic-economy-tensions-trump-coronavirus-covid-new-cold-war-economics-the-great-decoupling/~~ Recut Jet AND could undermine U.S. interests across the board, he warned. 8~ Growth key to space col—-solves everythingEverett 16 (Sean, CEO of Prome Biological Intelligence, a global biotechnology company, editor of Medium’s news outlet dedicated to space colonialization titled "The Mission", BS Mathematics and Actuarial Science, MBA from UChicago,"Humanity’s Extinction Event Is Coming" https://medium.com/the-mission/humanitys-extinction-event-is-coming-c0f84f1803f) AND they will. And that’s what I believe we need a better approach. 9~ Trade wars doesn’t occurBedell, ‘21 (Denise Bedell has an Honors BA in Psychology at the University of Windsor and wrote a thesis, Peace Through Profit: How Capitalism Helps Restore and Revive Former Warzones, This is Capitalism presented by Stephens Inc., https://www.thisiscapitalism.com/peace-through-profit-how-capitalism-helps-restore-and-revive-former-warzones/, 2021, Accessed: 7-6-2021)ILake-HG AND 2016, trade growth fell below 3 for the fifth consecutive year. 1NC – AT: Revolution1~ Empirics conclude revolution is structurally impossible – no working class support, capitalist opposition, and results in tyranny or reversion to capitalismCalnitsky 21 ~Dr. David Calnitsky 21, Assistant Professor in the Department of Sociology at Western University, Sociology PhD from the University of Wisconsin-Madison, 8/8/2021, "The Policy Road to Socialism," Critical Sociology, Sage Online~ Recut Jet AND have to rest on a foundation of smaller changes that have been tested. 1NC – AT: Climate1~ Transition is worse for emissions– Socialist leaders value victories over the environmentSmith '19 ~Noah; 4/5/19; Bloomberg Opinion columnist, former assistant professor of finance at Stony Brook University; "Dumping Capitalism Won’t Save the Planet," https://www.bloomberg.com/opinion/articles/2019-04-05/capitalism-is-more-likely-to-limit-climate-change-than-socialism~~ Recut Jet AND The best climate policy plans all involve technological improvement as a key feature. 2~ The aff causes transition wars—-the move away from capitalism cause mass starvation, ecological collapse, and doesn’t solve their offense.Monbiot 9 ~George Monbiot 8-17-2009. Visiting Professor in the School of the Built Environment, Oxford Brookes University; recipient of the United Nations Global 500 Award for outstanding environmental achievement; named one of the forty international prophets of the twenty-first century by the UK’S Independent. "Is There Any Point in Fighting to Stave Off Industrial Apocalypse." Guardian. http://www.guardian.co.uk/commentisfree/cif-green/2009/aug/17/environment-climate-change.~~ Recut Jet AND fight is still worth having; you, because you think it isn't. 3~ Timeframe means transition can’t solvePolychroniou et al. '20 ~CJ; 9/16/20; PhD in Political Science from the University of Delaware; Noam Chomsky, Professor and Professor of Linguistics emeritus at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Robert Pollin, Professor of Economics and Co-Director of the Political Economy Research Institute at the University of Massachusetts; "The Political Economy of Saving the Planet," https://bostonreview.net/science-nature-global-justice/noam-chomsky-robert-pollin-c-j-polychroniou-political-economy-saving~~ Recut Jet AND , my favorite quote from Marx is "I am not a Marxist." 4~ Transition wars – Low-growth world causes great power conflictDrezner 16 ~Daniel W. Drezner 16, nonresident senior fellow at the Brookings Institution, professor of international politics at the Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy at Tufts University, May 2016, "Five Known Unknowns about the Next Generation Global Political Economy," https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/IOS-Drezner-web-1.pdf~~ AND else equal, this increases the likelihood of great power conflict going forward. | 3/12/22 |
MARAPR - NC - KantTournament: TFA State | Round: Doubles | Opponent: Greenhill KD | Judge: George - Vijayan - Quisenberry 2Ethics must begin a priori and the meta-ethic is bindingness.~1~ Uncertainty – our experiences are inaccessible to others which allows people to say they don’t experience the same, however a priori principles are universally applied to all agents.~2~ Bindingness – I can keep asking "why should I follow this" which results in skep since obligations are predicated on ignorantly accepting rules. Only reason solves since asking "why reason?" requires reason which is self-justified.That means we must universally will maxims— any non-universalizable norm justifies someone’s ability to impede on your ends.Thus, the standard is consistency with the categorical imperative.Prefer –~1~ All other frameworks collapse—non-Kantian theories source obligations in extrinsically good objects, but that presupposes the goodness of the rational will.2~ No 1AR Framework: It moots 7 minutes of the 1NC and exacerbates the AFF infinite prep time so I should be able to compensate by choosing. They justify substantive skews by shifting frame of offense.3~ Performativity—freedom is the key to the process of justification of arguments. Willing that we should abide by their ethical theory presupposes that we own ourselves in the first place.4~ Theory – Frameworks are topicality interps of the word ought so they should be theoretically justified. Prefer on resource disparities—a focus on evidence and statistics privileges debaters with the most preround prep which excludes lone-wolfs who lack huge evidence files. A debate under my framework can easily be won without any prep since huge evidence files aren’t required.B~ Resolvability – other debates create a mess of weighing and link turns, but using Kant is easily resolvable because it becomes a question of whether or not it violatesPut away your generic Kant indicts – our framework is a rejection of the western foundations of Kantianism in favor of a radical reconstruction of inclusion of the racialized and marginalized struggle.Mills 18 Charles W. Mills. "Black Radical Kantianism." Res Philosophica, Vol. 95, No. 1, January 2018, pp. 1–33 https:// doi.org/ 10.11612/ resphil.1622 SJCPJG AND to a white domination predicated on the denial of equal personhood to blacks. Negate:~1~ Objectivity censors’ journalists’ personal views and biases- that’s non universalizableGreven 21 Greven, Alec, "Speech and Sovereignty: A Kantian Defense of Freedom of Expression" (2021). Honors Theses. 1579. AND respect the unity of their agency and treat others with equal moral standing. ~2~ Journalists are required to respect those they report on, thus, advocacy journalism is required to alleviate sufferingLeshilo 18 Thabo Leshilo ~A research report submitted to the Faculty of Humanities, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts, Applied Ethics for Professionals.~ "Morality and Journalists: Objectivity versus Duty of Care" 13 July 2018, Johannesburg https://wiredspace.wits.ac.za/bitstream/handle/10539/26530/Morality20and20Journalists20(markup)'2.pdf?sequence=1 AND ordinarily expect another human being to help to alleviate his or her suffering. | 3/12/22 |
MARAPR - NC - NIBsTournament: TFA State | Round: 4 | Opponent: McNeil AR | Judge: Alex Yoakum 5I’ll defend the converse of the resolution, but that’s the status quo – inherency and disad uniqueness~1~ Merriam webster defines press ashttps://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/press
~2~ Merriam webster defines over ashttps://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/over
~3~ Merriam webster defines free ashttps://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/free
4~ Paradox of tolerance- to be completely open to the aff we must exclude perspectives that wouldn’t be open to it which makes complete tolerance impossible.5~ Decision Making Paradox- We need a decision-making procedure to enact the aff, but to choose a procedure requires another meta level decision-making procedure and so forth leading to infinite regress. | 3/11/22 |
MARAPR - NC - UtilTournament: TFA State | Round: 4 | Opponent: McNeil AR | Judge: Alex Yoakum 3The standard is maximizing expected wellbeing-hedonistic act util1~ Actor specPitcher 18 George Pitcher (advises Dow Jones, publisher of the Wall Street Journal, on ethics and the future of journalism and is a Visiting Fellow at LSE. He formerly held senior editorial positions at The Observer and the Daily Telegraph). 10/8/2018, The New Media Ethics: Lessons from how the BBC failed to consider the consequences of its Cliff Richard story, https://blogs.lse.ac.uk/polis/2018/10/08/the-new-media-ethics-how-the-bbcs-failed-to-consider-the-consequences-of-its-cliff-richard-story/ AND , consequentialism isn’t a bad place to start for a practical ethical code. 2~ Pleasure and pain are intrinsic value and disvalue – everything else regresses – robust neuroscience.Blum et al. 18 Kenneth Blum, 1Department of Psychiatry, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Dayton VA Medical Center, Wright State University, Dayton, OH, USA 2Department of Psychiatry, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA 3Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Keck Medicine University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA 4Division of Applied Clinical Research and Education, Dominion Diagnostics, LLC, North Kingstown, RI, USA 5Department of Precision Medicine, Geneus Health LLC, San Antonio, TX, USA 6Department of Addiction Research and Therapy, Nupathways Inc., Innsbrook, MO, USA 7Department of Clinical Neurology, Path Foundation, New York, NY, USA 8Division of Neuroscience-Based Addiction Therapy, The Shores Treatment and Recovery Center, Port Saint Lucie, FL, USA 9Institute of Psychology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary 10Division of Addiction Research, Dominion Diagnostics, LLC. North Kingston, RI, USA 11Victory Nutrition International, Lederach, PA., USA 12National Human Genome Center at Howard University, Washington, DC., USA, Marjorie Gondré-Lewis, 12National Human Genome Center at Howard University, Washington, DC., USA 13Departments of Anatomy and Psychiatry, Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, DC US, Bruce Steinberg, 4Division of Applied Clinical Research and Education, Dominion Diagnostics, LLC, North Kingstown, RI, USA, Igor Elman, 15Department Psychiatry, Cooper University School of Medicine, Camden, NJ, USA, David Baron, 3Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Keck Medicine University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA, Edward J Modestino, 14Department of Psychology, Curry College, Milton, MA, USA, Rajendra D Badgaiyan, 15Department Psychiatry, Cooper University School of Medicine, Camden, NJ, USA, Mark S Gold 16Department of Psychiatry, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA, "Our evolved unique pleasure circuit makes humans different from apes: Reconsideration of data derived from animal studies", U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, 28 February 2018, accessed: 19 August 2020, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6446569/, R.S. AND these circuits contribute to diverse pathologies, including obesity and addiction or RDS. 3~ Extinction outweighsMacAskill 14 ~William, Oxford Philosopher and youngest tenured philosopher in the world, Normative Uncertainty, 2014~ AND with the benefit of keeping one’s options open while one gains new information. 4~ Calc indicts fail: A~ Ethics- it would indict everything since they use events to understand how their ethics have worked B~ Reciprocity- they are NIBs that create a 2:1 skew where I have to answer them to access offense while they only have to win one | 3/11/22 |
MARAPR - Theory - Must Spec Free PressTournament: TFA State | Round: 4 | Opponent: McNeil AR | Judge: Alex Yoakum 2Interpretation: The affirmative must define "free press" in a delineated line in the 1ACMultiple types of press that fit into the definition- explicit clarification neededCambridge Dictionary, ND, "free press," No Publication, https://dictionary.cambridge.org/us/dictionary/english/free-press Violation: They didn’tNegate:1~ Shiftiness- they can redefine what free press the 1ac defends in the 1ar which decks strategy and allows them to wriggle out of negative positions which strips the neg of social media DAs, specific news stations DAs, and case answers. They will always win on specificity weighing. Specifically true against fairness doctrine that did not apply to cable tv and the internet – updated fairness doctrines require new applications which necessitates specification.CX can’t resolve this and is bad because A~ Not flowed B~ Skews 6 min of prep C~ They can lie and no way to check D~ Debaters can be shady.2~ Real World- policy makers will always specify who the actor of change is. That outweighs since debate has no value without portable application.This spec shell isn’t regressive- it literally determines who the affirmative implements the aff through.New affs are independently a voting issue – a~ kills argument quality since it incentivizes cheap shot affirmatives that win just because they’re new – also kills clash and engagement since we don’t have sufficient pre-round prep b~ prep skew – we don’t have responses against unpredictable new affs which makes it impossible to negate when we need to take prep to make a 1n.Evaluate the theory debate after the 2nr for reciprocity – we both have 1 speech on theoryFairness – debate is a competitive activity that requires fairness for objective evaluation.Drop the debater – a~ deter future abuse and b~ DTA is functioanll severanceCompeting interps – ~a~ reasonability is arbitrary and encourages judge intervention since there’s no clear norm, ~b~ it creates a race to the top where we create the best possible norms for debate.No RVIs – a~ illogical, you don’t win for proving that you meet the burden of being fair, logic outweighs since it’s a prerequisite for evaluating any other argument, b~ RVIs incentivize baiting theory and prepping it out which leads to maximally abusive practices | 3/11/22 |
MARAPR - Theory - Must Spec ObjectivityTournament: TFA State | Round: 1 | Opponent: Memorial SC | Judge: Holden 1Interpretation: The affirmative must define "objectivity" in a delineated line in the 1ACMultiple contradictory definitions of objectivity – no consensus means spec is neededDavis ND Jay Davis, ND "News: Beyond the Myth of Objectivity," Center For Media Literacy, (J. Francis Davis, an adult educator and media education specialist, was on the staff of the Center for Media Literacy from 1989 to 1992. He holds an M.Div. from Candler School of Theology at Emory University, Atlanta where he currently works in the computer industry and lives with his wife, Elizabeth, and their children) https://www.medialit.org/reading-room/news-beyond-myth-objectivity//Karan AND is impossible. Even the most evenhanded reporter is subject to personal bias. Violation: They didn’tNegate:1~ Shiftiness- they can redefine what type of objectivity the 1ac defends in the 1ar which decks strategy and allows them to wriggle out of negative positions by saying that their form of objectivity accounts for movements or bias – every core negative argument is dependent on what the aff defends – supercharged on this topic when we are comparing two concepts in a vacuum. Especially true against a phil aff where intrinsic qualities of something i.e. objectivity is necessary for evaluating offenseCX can’t resolve this and is bad because A~ Not flowed B~ Skews 6 min of prep C~ They can lie and no way to check D~ Debaters can be shady.2~ Real World- policy makers will always specify what they aim to do. That outweighs since debate has no value without portable application.This spec shell isn’t regressive- it literally determines what the affirmative defendsFairness – debate is a competitive activity that requires fairness for objective evaluation.Drop the debater – a~ deter future abuse and b~ DTA is functionally severance which kills education and fairness because you don’t need to defend argumentsCompeting interps – ~a~ reasonability is arbitrary and encourages judge intervention since there’s no clear norm, ~b~ it creates a race to the top where we create the best possible norms for debate.No RVIs – a~ illogical, you don’t win for proving that you meet the burden of being fair, logic outweighs since it’s a prerequisite for evaluating any other argument, b~ RVIs incentivize baiting theory and prepping it out which leads to maximally abusive practicesNo 1ar theory – a~ 7-6 skew b~ spikes and 1ac theory checksReasonability on 1AR shells – 1AR theory is super aff-biased because the 2AR gets to line-by-line every 2NR standard with new answers that never get responded to– reasonability checks 2AR sandbagging by preventing super abusive 1NCs while still giving the 2N a chance.DTA on 1AR shells - They can blow up a blippy 20 second shell to 3 min of the 2AR while I have to split my time and can’t preempt 2AR spin which necessitates judge intervention and means 1AR theory is irresolvable so you shouldn’t stake the round on it. | 3/10/22 |
MARAPR - Theory - Must Spec TimeframeTournament: TFA State | Round: 1 | Opponent: Memorial SC | Judge: Holden 3Interpretation: If the affirmative debater defends a future oriented version of the resolution, they must specify the time in which the resolution occurs in a delineated text in the 1ac. To clarify, this would look like a date and time in which something occursViolation: They don’tShiftinessextempt | 3/10/22 |
MARPAR - T - Must Defend Existing DemocracyTournament: TFA State | Round: Triples | Opponent: Westside SY | Judge: Wilson - Jones - Molina 1All extempt Interpretation: The affirmative must defend a currenting existing democracy.Violation: they don’t – their democracy is made up – even if the people exist, the democratic structure is something that does not.Vote neg –1~ Ground –2~ Circumvention –3~ Predictability and clash –4~ Doesn’t violate their future argument and it doesn’t make senseFairness – debate is a competitive activity that requires fairness for objective evaluation. Outweighs because it’s the only intrinsic part of debate – all other rules can be debated over but rely on some conception of fairness to be justified.Drop the debater – a~ deter future abuse and b~ set better norms for debate.Competing interps – ~a~ reasonability is arbitrary and encourages judge intervention since there’s no clear norm, ~b~ it creates a race to the top where we create the best possible norms for debate.No RVIs – a~ illogical, you don’t win for proving that you meet the burden of being fair, logic outweighs since it’s a prerequisite for evaluating any other argument, b~ RVIs incentivize baiting theory and prepping it out which leads to maximally abusive practices | 3/12/22 |
NOVDEC - CP - ICJTournament: UT | Round: 1 | Opponent: Cypress Woods CL | Judge: David Dosch 2Counterplan text – a just government ought to—-enter a prior, binding, and genuine consultation with the International Court of Justice to issue a binding ruling to recognize an unconditional right of workers to strike—-pass a concurrent resolution that non-compliance with the International Court of Justice’s ruling constitutes an enforceable violation of Charter obligations.ICJ says yes and creates a culture of acculturation that socializes acceptance of international law – the aff shreds that.Brudney 21 ~James; 2/8/21; Joseph Crowley Chair in Labor and Employment Law, Fordham Law School; "The Right to Strike as Customary International Law," THE YALE JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL LAW, Vol 46, https://digitalcommons.law.yale.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1710andcontext=yjil~~ Justin Brackets in original AND accept international standards and practices; and contemporary U.N. leadership. Ruling on the right to strike secures the legitimacy of the ICJ as an international mediation body.Hofmann and Schuster 16 ~Claudia and Norbert; February 2016; Dr. Claudia Hofmann works as a research associate at the Chair for Public Law and Policy at the University of Regensburg. She specializes in public international law (in particular the field of socio-economic human rights and equality-oriented policies), social law, constitutional and administrative law. Norbert Schuster works as a lawyer in Berlin and teaches at the University of Bremen. He specialises in labour law; "It ain’t over ‘til it’s over: the right to strike and the mandate of the ILO Committee of Experts revisited," https://global-labour-university.org/fileadmin/GLU'Working'Papers/GLU'WP'No.40.pdf~~ Justin AND Art 31 of the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties (VCLT). ICJ legitimacy is key to global multilateralism and crisis stability – it’s declining now.Kornelios Korneliou 18 ~Permanent Representative of Cyprus and Vice-President of the 73rd Session of the UN General assembly, "Report of the International Court of Justice," United Nations, 10-25-2018 https://www.un.org/pga/73/2018/10/25/report-of-the-international-court-of-justice/~~ Recut Justin AND international multilateral system, then adherence and respect for international law remains key. Multilateralism solves a bunch of impacts – even a tiny net benefit is enough to o/w the AFFEsther Brimmer 14 ~Assistant Secretary for the Bureau of International Organization Affairs at the United States Department of State from April 2009 to June 2013, "Smart Power" and Multilateral Diplomacy, June, http://transatlantic.sais-jhu.edu/publications/books/Smarter20Power/Chapter20420brimmer.pdf~~ Recut Justin AND aspects of a threat or challenge that simply cannot be addressed effectively alone. The perm wrecks legitimacy.Shany, 14 – ~Yuval, Hersch Lauterpacht Chair in Public International Law and Dean, Hebrew U of Jerusalem, Assessing the Effectiveness of International Courts, Google Books, p. 103-109~ Recut Justin AND adequacy of the independence and impartiality structures that have been put in place. | 12/3/21 |
NOVDEC - CP - Interstate CompactsTournament: Glenbrooks | Round: 2 | Opponent: Peninsula AY | Judge: Akshay Manglik 3Counterplan text: All just governments except for the United States should recognize an unconditional right to strike for workers.The fifty states and appropriate territories of the United States should ratify a cooperative horizontal federalism model interstate compact to recognize an an unconditional right of healthcare workers to strike.The counterplan solves and creates a cooperative horizontal federalism model – the perm also failsHall, 6 ~Noah D., Assistant Professor, Wayne State University Law School, "Toward a New Horizontal Federal Interstate Water Management in the Great Lakes Region," https://www.greatlakeslaw.org/blog/files/Hall'Colorado.pdf, Corrigan~ AND interstate environmental protection creates a third option to federal and individual state policymaking. Lack of new horizontal federalism framework undermines national stability and escalates conflictGerken and Holtzblatt, 14 ~Heather K., "Dean and Sol and Lillian Goldman Professor of Law at Yale Law School, and Ari, Partner, Wilmer Hale, practice focuses on appellate and government and public policy litigation, "The Political Safeguards of Horizontal Federalism," Michigan Law Review, p. Jstor, Corrigan~ AND the representatives of one state's citizens to tell another's what to do.53 Internal war escalates and turns biological and nuclearDonahue 2018 ~Chris, Editor for the Carolina Political Review, Guns will not save us from Tyranny, Carolina Political Review, March 31, https://www.carolinapoliticalreview.org/editorial-content/2018/3/31/guns-will-not-save-us-from-tyranny, Abe Corrigan~ AND . There just aren’t enough bulldozers to scrape the bodies off the streets." | 11/20/21 |
NOVDEC - CT - DedevTournament: UT | Round: 5 | Opponent: Northland Christian LB | Judge: Elmer Yang DedevCounterforcing ensure only a few million die.Mueller 9 ~Woody Mueller, Chair of National Security Studies, Professor of Political Science at Ohio State University, Cato Senior Fellow, 2009 "Atomic Obsession: Nuclear Alarmism from Hiroshima to Al-Qaeda," Google Books, October 5th, p. 8~ Re-Cut Justin AND , might or might not be enough to trigger words like "annihilation." Isolated island populations repopulate after radiation and nuclear winter – bunkers and submarines.Turchin and Green 18 ~Alexey Turchin – Scientist for the Foundation Science for Life Extension in Moscow, Russia, Founder of Digital Immortality Now, author of several books and articles on the topics of existential risks and life extension. Brian Patrick Green – Director of technology ethics at the Markkula Center for Applied Ethics, teaches AI ethics in the Graduate School of Engineering at Santa Clara University. MKIM "Islands as refuges for surviving global catastrophes". September 2018. DOA: 7/20/19. https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/FS-04-2018-0031/full/html?fullSc=1andmbSc=1andfullSc=1~~ Re-Cut Justin AND and passages could provide cooling, access and even oxygen and food sources. Downturn won’t cause war – prefer post-COVID evidenceWalt 5/13 (Stephen M. Walt is the Robert and Renée Belfer professor of international relations at Harvard University; 5/13/20; "Will a Global Depression Trigger Another World War?"; Foreign Policy; https://foreignpolicy.com/2020/05/13/coronavirus-pandemic-depression-economy-world-war/) AND moment in history, I’m going to hope I’m right about this one. Cheap talk solves.Carter 18 Erin Baggott Carter, International Relations Professor at the University of Southern California. ~Diversionary Cheap Talk: Unemployment and US Foreign Policy Rhetoric, 1945-2010, http://www.erinbcarter.org/documents/diversionUS.pdf~~//BPS AND rhetorical aspects of international politics remain under-theorized and under-explored. Stats prove.Daniel Drezner ’14, IR prof at Tufts, The System Worked: Global Economic Governance during the Great Recession, World Politics, Volume 66. Number 1, January 2014, pp. 123-164 AND surge in protectionist nationalism or ethnic exclusion that might have been expected."43 No trade conflict – longer downturns make lobbying for protectionism too costly and spark counter-lobbiesCameron Ballard-Rosa 18, Ph.D. in Political Science from Yale University, Assistant Professor of Political Science at the University of North Carolina, et al., July 2018, "Economic Crisis and Trade Policy Competition," British Journal of Political Science, Vol. 48, Issue 3, p. 736-738 AND importance, and is likely to remain of interest for the foreseeable future. Growth is unsustainable and innovation doesn’t solve—-shifting away from production is key.Büchs and Koch 17 ~Milena Büchs and Max Koch 17. Milena Büchs is Associate Professor in Sustainability, Economics and Low Carbon Transitions at the University of Leeds, UK. Max Koch is Professor of Social Policy at Lund University (School of Social Work), Sweden. 2017. Postgrowth and Wellbeing. Springer International Publishing. CrossRef, doi:10.1007/978-3-319-59903-8.~ Re-Cut Justin AND the Earth to support life" (Daly and Farley 2011: 12). Climate change destroys the world.Specktor 19 ~Brandon; writes about the science of everyday life for Live Science, and previously for Reader's Digest magazine, where he served as an editor for five years; "Human Civilization Will Crumble by 2050 If We Don't Stop Climate Change Now, New Paper Claims," livescience, 6/4/19; https://www.livescience.com/65633-climate-change-dooms-humans-by-2050.html~~ Justin AND and perhaps "the end of human global civilization as we know it." Transition is possible—-corona produces unique momentum.Schiller-Merkens 20 ~Senior Research Associate at the Faculty of Management and Economics at Witten/Herdecke University, Germany (Simone, MPIfG Discussion Paper 20/11 Scaling Up Alternatives to Capitalism A Social Movement Approach to Alternative Organizing (in) the Economy • Max Planck Institute for the Study of Societies~ Re-Cut Justin AND movement and to efectively counter any countermobilization by opposing actors in the economy. Growth-oriented AI ensures extinction—-degrowth solves.Salvador Pueyo 18. 8 Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology, and Environmental Sciences, Universitat de Barcelona. 10/01/2018. "Growth, Degrowth, and the Challenge of Artificial Superintelligence." Journal of Cleaner Production, vol. 197, pp. 1731–1736. Re-Cut Justin AND to capitalistic rules of 153 interaction and, therefore, to economic selection. That outweighs.Turchin and Denkenberger 18 ~Alexey Turchin and David Denkenberger 18. Turchin is a researcher at the Science for Life Extension Foundation; Denkenberger is with the Global Catastrophic Risk Institute (GCRI) @ Tennessee State University, Alliance to Feed the Earth in Disasters (ALLFED). 05/03/2018. "Classification of Global Catastrophic Risks Connected with Artificial Intelligence." AI and SOCIETY, pp. 1–17.~ Re-Cut Justin AND sheer number of possible failure modes suggests that there are more to come. Chemical emissions – extinction.Julian Cribb 17, principal of JCA, Fellow of the Australian Academy of Technological Sciences and Engineering, former Director, National Awareness, CSIRO, "The Poisoner," Surviving the 21st Century Chapter 6 AND destruction and hence the risk of their use by nations or uncontrollable fanatics. | 12/4/21 |
NOVDEC - CT - Taiwan War GoodTournament: UT | Round: 3 | Opponent: Plano East AW | Judge: Austin Broussard 1NC – AT: Taiwan WarUS will stay out – their draw in warrant is horribleMetz 2/8/19 ~Steven Metz is the author of "Iraq and the Evolution of American Strategy." His WPR column appears every Friday. You can follow him on Twitter @steven'metz. "How Committed Is the U.S. to Fending Off a War Over Taiwan?" https://www.worldpoliticsreview.com/articles/27395/how-committed-is-the-u-s-to-fending-off-a-war-over-taiwan~~ AND to replicate what Russia did in Ukraine and find local allies or proxies. China wouldn’t winRoy 18 ~Denny Roy is a senior fellow at the East-West Center in Honolulu, Hawaii "What would the US do if Beijing decided to take Taiwan by force?" https://www.scmp.com/week-asia/geopolitics/article/2156237/what-would-us-do-if-beijing-decided-take-taiwan-force~~ AND towards China for generations to come. Tibet would appear quiescent by comparison. Talmadge says war unlikely AND stays conventionalCaitlin Talmadge 18, Associate Professor of Security Studies at the Edmund A. Walsh School of Foreign Service at Georgetown University, November/December 2018, "Beijing’s Nuclear Option," Foreign Affairs, Vol. 65, No. 5 AND U.S. retaliation—was a viable option to defend itself. The US won’t intervene for a non-recognized, non-allied state.Babones 16 (Salvatore, Associate fellow at the Institute for Policy Studies (IPS), 1-12-2016, "One China, One Taiwan" https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/taiwan/2016-01-12/one-china-one-taiwan) AND country, but it is nonetheless secure. January’s election won’t change that. Empirics and geography prove.Roger Jiang, 17, "To protect Taiwan, would the United States go to war with China if China were determined to take it back?," Quora, https://www.quora.com/To-protect-Taiwan-would-the-United-States-go-to-war-with-China-if-China-were-determined-to-take-it-back)SEM AND no, the US will not go into war with China over Taiwan. Even if they intervene, no extinctionDavid J. Lonsdale 19 ~{David Lonsdale is the Director of the Centre for Security Studies at the University of Hull, UK. 5/17/2019. "The 2018 Nuclear Posture Review: A return to nuclear warfighting?" https://www-tandfonline-com.proxy.lib.umich.edu/doi/full/10.1080/01495933.2019.1573074~~}JM AND of modern forces the Trump administration seeks to acquire under the 2018 NPR. Taiwan War GoodChina TransitionChinese invasion of Taiwan would result in a quagmire that would stimulate democratic forces in ChinaWang Mouzhou 17, pen name of a former NSA intelligence officer, 3-24-2017, "What Happens After China Invades Taiwan?" The Diplomat, https://thediplomat.com/2017/03/what-happens-after-china-invades-taiwan/ AND of Taiwan could trigger an economic crisis and political struggle on the mainland. New pressures result in a soft democratic landing – but public buy-in is keyPei 13 (Minxin, Tom and Margot Pritzker ’72 Professor of Government and director of the Keck Center for International and Strategic Studies at Claremont McKenna College, "5 Ways China Could Become a Democracy", http://thediplomat.com/2013/02/5-ways-china-could-become-a-democracy/1/) AND window of opportunity for a political soft landing will not remain open forever. China has the pre-requisites for a stable transitionRowen 7—Henry S. Rowen, Professor emeritus in the Graduate School of Business at Stanford University, and senior fellow at the Hoover Institution on War, Revolution, and Peace ~July 2007, "When Will the Chinese People Be Free?" Journal of Democracy 18.3, Project Muse~ AND high trade-to-GDP ratio and membership in several international organizations. South Asia warZero reverse casual evidence read for diplomacy – their ev was about when china’s econ was strong in 2018 during a miracle, no reason why political conditions are the same especially with their evSouth Asian deterrence is stable – mutually assured destruction is uniquely trueLadwig 15 – Walter C. Ladwig III, Lecturer in International Relations at King's College London, Ph.D. in International Relations from Merton College, Oxford, 2015 ("Indian Military Modernization and Conventional Deterrence in South Asia," Journal of Strategic Studies, May 11th, Taylor and Francis Online) AND by India’s on-going military modernization is not one of them.140 They won’t attack each other.Herrera 19, Jack. "Could the Conflict Between Pakistan and India Lead to Nuclear War?" Pacific Standard, 27 Feb. 2019, psmag.com/news/could-the-conflict-between-pakistan-and-india-lead-to-nuclear-war AND only lasted two months before the two sides agreed to de-escalate. Transition solves aggressive pursuit of regional dominationMichael Mandelbaum 19, PhD in political science from Harvard University, Christian A. Herter Professor Emeritus of American Foreign Policy at The Johns Hopkins School of Advanced International Studies., March, "In Praise of Regime Change," Commentary, https://www.commentarymagazine.com/articles/in-praise-of-regime-change/ AND democracies, each would surely conduct less belligerent foreign policies toward its neighbors. It prevents inevitable war in Asia and leads to regional threat reductionAaron Friedberg 11, PhD in Government from Harvard, professor of politics and international affairs @ Princeton University, "Hegemony with Chinese Characteristics," http://users.clas.ufl.edu/zselden/coursereading2011/friedberg.pdf AND remain locked in an increasingly intense struggle for mastery in Asia. DemocracyThe CCP spreads autocracy globally and props up dictatorships – dooms global democratic transitions and ensures backslidingDavid Shullman, 19, Senior Advisor at the International Republican Institute and an Adjunct Senior Fellow at the Center for a New American Security, "CHINESE MALIGN INFLUENCE AND THE CORROSION OF DEMOCRACY: An Assessment of Chinese Interference in Thirteen Key Countries," IRI, https://www.iri.org/sites/default/files/chinese'malign'influence'report.pdf)SEM AND turned a blind eye to malign interference or remain unaware of its consequences. Chinese democracy is enough to incentivize wider democratizationGilley 5 (Bruce, Professor of International Affairs @ New School University and Former Contributing Editor @ the Far Eastern Economic Review, "China’s Democratic Future," mss) AND democracy, might be urged to move more firmly into the democratic camp. Backsliding causes global conflictAndrea Kendall-Taylor 16, Senior Associate (Non-resident) @ CSIS, Human Rights Initiative, How Democracy’s Decline Would Undermine the International Order, 1-15-16, https://www.csis.org/analysis/how-democracyE28099s-decline-would-undermine-international-order AND policy, but it would ensure that we are having the right conversation. | 12/4/21 |
NOVDEC - DA - BizConTournament: Glenbrooks | Round: 2 | Opponent: Peninsula AY | Judge: Akshay Manglik 1Business Confidence is high now – best surveys.ICAEW 8-20 8-20-2021 "Business confidence remains at record high as economy gets sales boost" https://www.icaew.com/about-icaew/news/press-release-archive/2021-news-releases/business-confidence-remains-at-record-high-as-economy-gets-sales-boost (Institute of Chartered Accountants in England and Wales)Elmer AND , but finances are fragile and any additional costs could threaten the recovery." Right to Strike has unintended effects that threaten growth and business confidence.Tenza 20, Mlungisi. "The effects of violent strikes on the economy of a developing country: a case of South Africa." Obiter 41.3 (2020): 519-537. (lecturer in the field of Labour Law at the School of Law. He holds a LLM Degree.)Elmer AND was held not to be in line with good conduct of striking.26 Corporate optimism, specifically investment, drives self-sustaining recovery.Van der Welle 7-7 Peter Van der Welle 7-7-2021 "How capex holds the key to a self-sustaining economic recovery" https://www.robeco.com/latam/en/insights/2021/07/how-capex-holds-the-key-to-a-self-sustaining-economic-recovery.html (Strategist within the Global Macro team, M.A. in Economics from Tilburg University)Elmer AND labor costs, and that means profit margins can stay elevated for longer. Economic decline results in multilateral breakdown that causes state collapse, conflict, climate change, and Arctic and Space War.McLennan 21 – Strategic Partners Marsh McLennan SK Group Zurich Insurance Group, Academic Advisers National University of Singapore Oxford Martin School, University of Oxford Wharton Risk Management and Decision Processes Center, University of Pennsylvania, "The Global Risks Report 2021 16th Edition" "http://www3.weforum.org/docs/WEF'The'Global'Risks'Report'2021.pdf Re-cut by Elmer AND less willing or less able to step in to find a peaceful solution. | 11/20/21 |
NOVDEC - DA - Build Back BetterTournament: Glenbrooks | Round: 2 | Opponent: Peninsula AY | Judge: Akshay Manglik 2Continued Biden PC passes Build Back better- defies inflation concernsBarrón- López 11-11 Laura Barrón-López White House Correspondent for Politico, formerly covered Congress for the Washington Examiner, HuffPost and The Hill, BA political science, California State University, Fullerton, "Dems to White House: The only prescription is more Biden," Politico, 11-11-2021, https://www.politico.com/news/2021/11/11/dems-white-house-biden-520946 AND —I will cling to that hope as the Biden administration takes shape. Labor reform saps PC – empirically prove with Obama, corporate opposition, and Democratic resistanceLeon 21 Luis Feliz Leon, 01-06-2021, ""If we want it, we’re going to have to fight like hell for it" - Labor faces an uphill battle to pass the PRO Act," Strike Wave, https://www.thestrikewave.com/original-content/labor-faces-uphill-battle-to-pass-pro-act/SJKS AND in motion spur labor-law reforms, not the other way around." Passage consolidates climate momentum, but BBB’s uniquely key to solve cascading impacts.Sherell 11-10 Daniel Sherrell, author of Warmth: Coming of Age at the End of Our World (Penguin Books) and a climate activist, "If Biden doesn’t pass the climate bill, it will be the betrayal of a generation," The Guardian, 11-10-2021, https://amp.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2021/nov/09/if-biden-doesnt-pass-the-climate-bill-it-will-be-the-betrayal-of-a-generation AND evidence to the contrary – that our leaders may actually choose to lead. Climate change causes extinction.Specktor 19 ~Brandon; writes about the science of everyday life for Live Science, and previously for Reader's Digest magazine, where he served as an editor for five years; "Human Civilization Will Crumble by 2050 If We Don't Stop Climate Change Now, New Paper Claims," livescience, 6/4/19; https://www.livescience.com/65633-climate-change-dooms-humans-by-2050.html~~ Justin AND and perhaps "the end of human global civilization as we know it." | 11/20/21 |
NOVDEC - NC - NIBsTournament: Glenbrooks | Round: 3 | Opponent: Lexington JB | Judge: Austin Broussard 2The resolution is incoherent-1~ Merrian websters defines to ashttps://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/to AND or condition suggestive of movement toward a place, person, or thing reached But just governments can’t move to an obligations so rez is incoherent2~ Merrian Websters defines right ashttps://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/right But there is no base for strikes to be perpendicular to, so the rez does nothing3~ Merrian websters defines Strike as to delete something 4~ Merrian Websters defines workers asany of the sexually underdeveloped and usually sterile members of a colony of social ants, bees, wasps, or termites that perform most of the labor and protective duties of the colony 5~ you can’t be sure anything besides yourself exists – we could be deceived by a demon, dreaming, or in a simulation so the whole world could be nonexistent6~ In order to say I want to fix x problem, you must say that you want x problem to exist, since it requires the problem exist to solve, which makes any moral attempt inherently immoral. | 11/20/21 |
NOVDEC - T - Must not spec governmentTournament: UT | Round: 3 | Opponent: Plano East AW | Judge: Austin Broussard 1Interpretation – "A" in the resolution indicates that you must defend that all just governments recognize an unconditional right to strike.Vote neg:1~ Limits – there’s 195 different governments that you could potentially specify, which explodes the number of affs – there’s no universal disad to every government since each has different political scenarios so we lose core neg ground like the business confidence DA or the Grids/Police PIC. Limits outweighs – it controls the internal link to the possibility of engagement which turns education.Drop the debater since drop the arg is severance – restarts the debate so the aff gets 7-6 time skew and too late for new neg offense.Use competing interps—~a~ leads to a race to the top where we find the best norms ~b~ reasonability is arbitrary and invites judge intervention ~c~ reasonability collapses—you use offense/defense on the paradigm debate.No RVIs—~a~ logic – you don’t win for being fair, ~b~ means you bait theory and go for the RVI | 12/4/21 |
NOVDEC - T - Must not spec government v2Tournament: UT | Round: 5 | Opponent: Northland Christian LB | Judge: Elmer Yang 1Interpretation: The affirmative may not specify a just government in which a right to strike ought to be recognized"A" is an indefinite article that modifies "just governmnt" in the res – means that you have to prove the resolution true in a VACCUM, not in a particular instanceCCC ("Articles, Determiners, and Quantifiers", http://grammar.ccc.commnet.edu/grammar/determiners/determiners.htm~~#articles, Capital Community College Foundation, a nonprofit 501 c-3 organization that supports scholarships, faculty development, and curriculum innovation) LHSLA JC/SJ AND the former (see beagle sentence) refers to all members of that class Violation: they spec ~x~Standards:~1~ precision – the counter-interp justifies them arbitrarily doing away with random words in the resolution which decks negative ground and preparation because the aff is no longer bounded by the resolution. Independent voter for jurisdiction – the judge doesn’t have the jurisdiction to vote aff if there wasn’t a legitimate aff.~2~ limits – the UN says there are 195 national governments but even that’s not an agreed upon brightline – explodes limits since there are tons of independent affs plus functionally infinite combinations, all with different advantages in different political situations. Kills neg prep and debatability since there are no DAs that apply to every aff – i.e. factors that affect labor shortages or unions in the US are different than in China – means the aff is always more prepared and wins just for speccing. There’s been China, Hungary, EU, Kazakhstan, US, India, UK, Egypt and this is the first major tournament of the topic out of only 3~3~ tva – just read your aff as an advantage under a whole res advocacy, solves all ur offense- Potential abuse doesn’t permit 1AC abuse – allows you to be infinitely abusive in the 1AC-– if the neg doesn’t have specific prep, they’ll resort to cheaty word PICs which are net worseFairness – debate is a competitive activity that requires fairness for objective evaluation. Outweighs because it’s the only intrinsic part of debate – all other rules can be debated over but rely on some conception of fairness to be justified.Drop the debater – a~ deter future abuse and b~ set better norms for debate.Competing interps – ~a~ reasonability is arbitrary and encourages judge intervention since there’s no clear norm, ~b~ it creates a race to the top where we create the best possible norms for debate.No RVIs – a~ illogical, you don’t win for proving that you meet the burden of being fair, logic outweighs since it’s a prerequisite for evaluating any other argument, b~ RVIs incentivize baiting theory and prepping it out which leads to maximally abusive practices | 12/4/21 |
NSD - CP - Interstate CompactsTournament: NSD Camp Tournament | Round: 2 | Opponent: AzbelKalaria Miller Roberts | Judge: John Sims 1Counterplan text: All just governments except for the United States should recognize a right to strike.The fifty states and appropriate territories of the United States should ratify a cooperative horizontal federalism model interstate compact to recognize an unconditional right to strike.The counterplan solves and creates a cooperative horizontal federalism model – the perm also failsHall, 6 ~Noah D., Assistant Professor, Wayne State University Law School, "Toward a New Horizontal Federal Interstate Water Management in the Great Lakes Region," https://www.greatlakeslaw.org/blog/files/Hall'Colorado.pdf, Corrigan~ AND interstate environmental protection creates a third option to federal and individual state policymaking. Try or die – Status quo spillovers make conflict inevitableErbsen, 8 ~Allan, Associate Professor, University of Minnesota Law School. Visiting Associate Professor, Georgetown University Law Center, "Horizontal Federalism," University of Minnesota Law Review, https://www.minnesotalawreview.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/01/Erbsen'mlr.pdf, Corrigan~ AND thus a framework must exist to manage conflict before it undermines national stability. Lack of new horizontal federalism framework undermines national stability and escalates conflictGerken and Holtzblatt, 14 ~Heather K., "Dean and Sol and Lillian Goldman Professor of Law at Yale Law School, and Ari, Partner, Wilmer Hale, practice focuses on appellate and government and public policy litigation, "The Political Safeguards of Horizontal Federalism," Michigan Law Review, p. Jstor, Corrigan~ AND the representatives of one state's citizens to tell another's what to do.53 Internal war escalates and turns biological and nuclearDonahue 2018 ~Chris, Editor for the Carolina Political Review, Guns will not save us from Tyranny, Carolina Political Review, March 31, https://www.carolinapoliticalreview.org/editorial-content/2018/3/31/guns-will-not-save-us-from-tyranny, Abe Corrigan~ AND . There just aren’t enough bulldozers to scrape the bodies off the streets." | 7/8/21 |
NSD - CP - Warming AdvTournament: NSD Camp Tournament | Round: 2 | Opponent: AzbelKalaria Miller Roberts | Judge: John Sims 4CP Text: a just government should –- Eliminate the use of fossil fuels.- Eliminate their production subsidies for fossil fuelsThat reduces foreign energy dependence and kickstarts a renewable revolution.Monasterolo 19 Irene Monasterolo ~Irene Monasterolo is a development economist with experience in policy monitoring and evaluation; institutional capacity building; governance of evidence-based sustainability policies; complex system thinking for modelling the resource-climate nexus; green fiscal and monetary policies for financing the green economy; and adaptation tools for building agricultural resilience to climate change, focusing on food risk and climate adaptation. She has worked as a scientist in academia, as an economist for consulting companies, as a consultant for the World Bank. She is currently Assistant Professor of Climate Economics and Finance at the Vienna University of Economics and Business and a Visiting Scholar with Stanford Energy's Sustainable Finance Initiative. She holds a PhD in Agri-food economics and statistics from the University of Bologna (IT) and held a post-doc at the Global Sustainability Institute in Cambridge (UK) focused on modelling the impact of resource constraints on global growth and political instability.~ and Marco Raberto ~Associate Professor of Business and Management Engineering, University of Genoa, Italy~ (2019). The impact of phasing out fossil fuel subsidies on the low-carbon transition. Energy Policy, 124, 355–370. doi:10.1016/j.enpol.2018.08.051 ash AND scenario to the real economy, green capital investments and the credit market. | 7/8/21 |
NSD - DA - EconTournament: NSD Camp Tournament | Round: 6 | Opponent: GedelaSiegel Avik Garg | Judge: Rohit Lakshman 2The Global Economy is stabilizing and set for increases in 2021 but is still vulnerable to shocksWorld Bank 6-8 6-8-2021 "The Global Economy: on Track for Strong but Uneven Growth as COVID-19 Still Weighs" https://www.worldbank.org/en/news/feature/2021/06/08/the-global-economy-on-track-for-strong-but-uneven-growth-as-covid-19-still-weighs AND continues to flare, it will shape the path of global economic activity. Strikes hurt the Economy – two warrants:1~ They hurt critical core industries that is necessary for economic growthMcElroy 19 John McElroy 10-25-2019 "Strikes Hurt Everybody" https://www.wardsauto.com/ideaxchange/strikes-hurt-everybody (MPA at McCombs school of Business) AND be a better way to get workers a raise without torching the countryside. 2~ Strikes create a stigmatization effect over labor and consumption that devastates the EconomyTenza 20, Mlungisi. "The effects of violent strikes on the economy of a developing country: a case of South Africa." Obiter 41.3 (2020): 519-537. (Senior Lecturer, University of KwaZulu-Natal) AND with a GDP declined by 0.72 and 0.78.32 Economic Collapse goes Nuclear.Tønnesson 15, Stein. "Deterrence, interdependence and Sino–US peace." International Area Studies Review 18.3 (2015): 297-311. (the Department of Peace and Conflict, Uppsala University, Sweden, and Peace research Institute Oslo (PRIO), Norway) AND each other, with a view to obliging Washington or Beijing to intervene. | 7/9/21 |
NSD - DA - InnovationTournament: NSD Camp Tournament | Round: 2 | Opponent: AzbelKalaria Miller Roberts | Judge: John Sims 2Global tech innovation high now.Mercury News et al 6/4 ~Mercury News and East Bay Times Editorial Boards, June 4, 2021, "Editorial: How America can Win the Global Tech War" https://www.mercurynews.com/2021/06/04/editorial-why-silicon-valley-needs-endless-frontier-bill/ gord0~ AND investments in research and development that will spark the next wave of innovation. Violent strike efforts are increasing – they slow innovation, specifically in the tech sector.Hanasoge 16 ~Chaithra; Senior Research Analyst, Market Researcher, Consumer Insights, Strategy Consulting; "The Union Strikes: The Good, the Bad and the Ugly," Supply Wisdom; April/June 2016 (Doesn’t specifically say but this is the most recent event is cites); https://www.supplywisdom.com/resources/the-union-strikes-the-good-the-bad-and-the-ugly/~~ Justin AND in a city like Kolkata, which carries a strong trade union culture. Victories like the aff mobilizes unions in the IT sector.Vynck et al 21 ~Gerrit De; Carleton University, BA in Journalism and Global Politics, tech reporter for The Washington Post. He writes about Google and the algorithms that increasingly shape society. He previously covered tech for seven years at Bloomberg News; Nitashu Tiku; Columbia University, BA in English, New York University, MA in Journalism, Washington Post's tech culture reporter based in San Francisco; Macalester College, BA in English, Columbia University, MS in Journalism, reporter for The Washington Post who is focused on technology coverage in the Pacific Northwest; "Six things to know about the latest efforts to bring unions to Big Tech," The Washington Post; https://www.washingtonpost.com/technology/2021/01/26/tech-unions-explainer/~~ Justin AND as the PRO Act, to recognize gig worker collectives as real unions. Technological innovation solves every existential threat – which outweighs.Matthews 18 Dylan. Co-founder of Vox, citing Nick Beckstead @ Rutgers University. 10-26-2018. "How to help people millions of years from now." Vox. https://www.vox.com/future-perfect/2018/10/26/18023366/far-future-effective-altruism-existential-risk-doing-good AND far future, then effective altruism just becomes plain ol’ do-goodery. | 7/8/21 |
NSD - DA - Innovation v2Tournament: NSD Camp Tournament | Round: 3 | Opponent: AzbelKalaria Bryan Shi | Judge: Sesh Joe 2Global tech innovation high now.Mercury News et al 6/4 ~Mercury News and East Bay Times Editorial Boards, June 4, 2021, "Editorial: How America can Win the Global Tech War" https://www.mercurynews.com/2021/06/04/editorial-why-silicon-valley-needs-endless-frontier-bill/ gord0~ AND investments in research and development that will spark the next wave of innovation. Violent strike efforts are increasing – they slow innovation, specifically in the tech sector.Hanasoge 16 ~Chaithra; Senior Research Analyst, Market Researcher, Consumer Insights, Strategy Consulting; "The Union Strikes: The Good, the Bad and the Ugly," Supply Wisdom; April/June 2016 (Doesn’t specifically say but this is the most recent event is cites); https://www.supplywisdom.com/resources/the-union-strikes-the-good-the-bad-and-the-ugly/~~ Justin AND in a city like Kolkata, which carries a strong trade union culture. Victories like the aff mobilizes unions in the IT sector.Vynck et al 21 ~Gerrit De; Carleton University, BA in Journalism and Global Politics, tech reporter for The Washington Post. He writes about Google and the algorithms that increasingly shape society. He previously covered tech for seven years at Bloomberg News; Nitashu Tiku; Columbia University, BA in English, New York University, MA in Journalism, Washington Post's tech culture reporter based in San Francisco; Macalester College, BA in English, Columbia University, MS in Journalism, reporter for The Washington Post who is focused on technology coverage in the Pacific Northwest; "Six things to know about the latest efforts to bring unions to Big Tech," The Washington Post; https://www.washingtonpost.com/technology/2021/01/26/tech-unions-explainer/~~ Justin AND as the PRO Act, to recognize gig worker collectives as real unions. Technological innovation solves every existential threat – which outweighs.Matthews 18 Dylan. Co-founder of Vox, citing Nick Beckstead @ Rutgers University. 10-26-2018. "How to help people millions of years from now." Vox. https://www.vox.com/future-perfect/2018/10/26/18023366/far-future-effective-altruism-existential-risk-doing-good AND far future, then effective altruism just becomes plain ol’ do-goodery. Disad turns case – tech k2 freedomMike Togle, 6-11-2018, "Freedom through Modern Technology," Pointwest, https://pointwest.com.ph/blog/twelve-freedoms-granted-by-modern-technology/ AND lately? Grab a chance to converse with us through the comments below. | 7/8/21 |
NSD - DA - Stock MarketTournament: NSD Camp Tournament | Round: Doubles | Opponent: JoshiPlat Jayden Bai | Judge: Sam Azbel - Rohit Lakshman - Jayanne Forrest 2The stock market is booming despite corona – consumer confidence is soaring.Ziemer 21 ~Colin; New York Stock Exchange; The author may be wrong cuz it was placed under a picture so idk if it was the author or picture creds, if not assume DealBook as the author; "What is going on?" Dealbook | Business and Policy; NYTimes; 8/19/20, Updated 5/7/21; https://www.nytimes.com/2020/08/19/business/dealbook/stock-market-record-high.html~~ Justin AND Biggs, Walmart’s C.F.O., said on the call. Best data proves union strike victories statistically cause stock market crash.Lee and Mas 12 ~David; Princeton University and National Bureau of Economic Research; Alexandre; Princeton University and National Bureau of Economic Research; "Long-Run Impacts of Unions on Firms: New Evidence from Financial Markets, 1961–1999," The Quarterly Journal Of Economics; February 2012; https://academic.oup.com/qje/article-abstract/127/1/333/1834007?redirectedFrom=fulltext~~ Justin AND returns for cases where the union won the election by a large margin. Crashes lead to a great depression.Rusoff 21 ~Jane; ThinkAdvisor Contributing Editor specializing in interviews with thought leaders. She has written for The New York Times, The Washington Post, USA Today and Esquire, among numerous other publications. Author/co-author of five books, Jane was a staff editor at London Express Features and Billboard’s Merchandising Magazine; "Harry Dent: ‘Biggest Crash Ever’ Likely by End of June," ThinkAdvisor; 3/10/21; https://www.thinkadvisor.com/2021/03/10/harry-dent-biggest-crash-ever-likely-by-end-of-june/~~ Justin AND economy. They’re already dead. We’ve just keeping them alive with embalming. Extinction.Liu '18 ~Qian; 11/13/18; Managing Director of Greater China for The Economist Group, previously director of the global economics unit and director of Access China for the Economist Intelligence Unit, PhD in economics from Uppsala University; "The next economic crisis could cause a global conflict. Here's why," https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2018/11/the-next-economic-crisis-could-cause-a-global-conflict-heres-why/~~ Justin AND sensible and respectful global dialogue. The alternative may well be global conflagration. | 7/9/21 |
NSD - DA - TerrorTournament: NSD Camp Tournament | Round: 2 | Opponent: AzbelKalaria Miller Roberts | Judge: John Sims 3Tech can solve infrastructure concerns but needs to be integrated – operators are key.Jacobs 5/31 ~Lionel; Senior Security Architect in the Palo Alto Networks ICS and SCADA solutions team. Coming from the asset-owner side , Lionel has spent more than 20 years working in the IT/OT environment, with a focus on ICS systems design, controls, and implementation. He was a pioneer in bridging the IT-OT security gap and implementing next-generation security into performance and safety critical process control areas. During his tenure, he successfully deployed a large scale ICS/SCADA security architecture composed of over 100 next-generation firewalls, hundreds of advanced endpoint protection clients and SIEM, distributed over dozens of remote plants and a centralized core, all based on a "Zero Trust" philosophy. Lionel graduated from Houston Baptist University with a double degree in Physics and Mathematics and has held certifications as a MCSE, CCA, CCNP, CCIP, CCNA, CSSA, and GICSP; "Critical Infrastructure Protection: Physical and Cyber Security Both Matter," eSecurity Planet; 5/31/21; https://www.esecurityplanet.com/networks/critical-infrastructure-protection-physical-cybersecurity/~~ Justin AND assume that data traffic transversing the network is free of a potential threat. Increased strikes send a clear signal to terrorists that critical US infrastructure is vulnerable by weakening organizations.Davies 6 ~Ross; George Mason University - Antonin Scalia Law School, Faculty, The Green Bag; "Strike Season: Protecting Labor-Management Conflict in the Age of Terror," SSRN; 4/12/06; https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract'id=896185~~ Justin AND work stoppage might unwittingly facilitate a successful terrorist attack or aggravate its effects. Attacks on critical infrastructure collapses the economy through multiple avenues.FAS 6 ~DCSINT Handbook No. 1.02; Info directly from US army and Deputy Chief of Staff for Intelligence; "Critical Infrastructure Threats and Terrorism," DCSINT/FAS; 8/10/6; https://fas.org/irp/threat/terrorism/sup2.pdf~~ Justin AND target to a terrorist or result in catastrophic damage from a natural disaster. Extinction.Liu '18 ~Qian; 11/13/18; Managing Director of Greater China for The Economist Group, previously director of the global economics unit and director of Access China for the Economist Intelligence Unit, PhD in economics from Uppsala University; "The next economic crisis could cause a global conflict. Here's why," https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2018/11/the-next-economic-crisis-could-cause-a-global-conflict-heres-why/~~ Re-Cut Justin AND sensible and respectful global dialogue. The alternative may well be global conflagration. | 7/8/21 |
NSD - T - Must Not Spec Just GovernmentTournament: NSD Camp Tournament | Round: 6 | Opponent: GedelaSiegel Avik Garg | Judge: Rohit Lakshman 3Interpretation: The affirmative may not specify a just government that recognizes workers’ unconditional right to strike ."A" is an indefinite article that modifies "just government" in the res – means that you have to prove the resolution true in a VACCUM, not in a particular instanceCCC ("Articles, Determiners, and Quantifiers", http://grammar.ccc.commnet.edu/grammar/determiners/determiners.htm~~#articles, Capital Community College Foundation, a nonprofit 501 c-3 organization that supports scholarships, faculty development, and curriculum innovation) LHSLA JC/SJ AND the former (see beagle sentence) refers to all members of that class Violation: they spec ~x~Standards:~1~ precision – the counter-interp justifies them arbitrarily doing away with random words in the resolution which decks negative ground and preparation because the aff is no longer bounded by the resolution. Independent voter for jurisdiction – the judge doesn’t have the jurisdiction to vote aff if there wasn’t a legitimate aff.~2~ limits – the UN says there are 195 recognized governments in the world but even that’s not an agreed upon brightline because there are just governments that are not yet countries – explodes limits since there are tons of independent affs plus functionally infinite combinations, all with different advantages in different political situations incentivinsing more cheaty pics due to lack of ground – especially true for china where we can either read generic disads that don’t link or lose. Kills neg prep and debatability since there are no universal DAs that apply to every aff and need specific links – econs and geopolitical statuses are differentFairness – debate is a competitive activity that requires fairness for objective evaluation. Outweighs because it’s the only intrinsic part of debate – all other rules can be debated over but rely on some conception of fairness to be justified.Drop the debater – a~ deter future abuse and b~ set better norms for debate.Competing interps – ~a~ reasonability is arbitrary and encourages judge intervention since there’s no clear norm, ~b~ it creates a race to the top where we create the best possible norms for debate.No RVIs – a~ illogical, you don’t win for proving that you meet the burden of being fair, logic outweighs since it’s a prerequisite for evaluating any other argument, b~ RVIs incentivize baiting theory and prepping it out which leads to maximally abusive practices | 7/9/21 |
SEPTOCT - CP - Con ConTournament: Loyola | Round: 4 | Opponent: Dulles JL | Judge: Eric Einsley 3The member nations of the World Trade Organization except for the United States ought to reduce intellectual property protections for medicines related to the prevention, containment, and treatment of COVID-19.The United States ought to reduce intellectual property protections for medicines related to the prevention, containment, and treatment of COVID-19. through a supreme court decision by petitioning the PTAB and getting a formal ruling from APJs.APJs have the authority to rule on intellectual property—-the CP solves case.Mosier 21 ~Kevin; 8/9/21; "Supreme Court Finds Constitutional Violation in Patent Challenges, But Provides Quick Fix," JDSupra, https://www.jdsupra.com/legalnews/supreme-court-finds-constitutional-4702991/~~ Justin AND not the sea change that those sympathetic to Arthrex’s cause were hoping for. Circumvention is inevitable—-the aff is unconstitutional and companies use that as a sword to prevent loss of IP.Brown 21 ~Delphine; 7/21/21; Partner in the firm's Litigation Practice Group, and a member of its Intellectual Property Practice Team. With over twenty years of trial experience, Delphine's practice focuses on complex intellectual property and technology cases, with extensive experience in the life sciences industry. Delphine has served as lead counsel for several global pharmaceutical companies in Hatch-Waxman litigation and trials involving dozens of drug products, dosage forms and delivery systems. Delphine’s lead counsel expertise also includes patent litigation involving biotech, medical device, computer hardware and software, design and business method patents, and counseling of established and emerging biotechnology companies regarding intellectual property, regulatory and litigation issues. Delphine has served as lead trial counsel in complex trademark and copyright infringement, misappropriation of trade secrets, and unfair competition cases. Delphine believes that the key to being the best litigator and trial lawyer is always keeping her "eyes on the prize" which she defines with her clients as accomplishing both legal victory and strategic objectives to get the client back to running its business as quickly as possible. A corporate client once remarked to Delphine's parents at her birthday party that "if Delphine wasn't such a good lawyer, we wouldn't have become such great friends." Delphine has three decades of experience representing both U.S. and foreign corporations in federal and state courts nationwide in pretrial proceedings, trials and appeals, and in arbitration proceedings. Delphine frequently publishes thought leadership and speaks on intellectual property issues. Delphine received her bachelors degree from Princeton University and her J.D. from St. John's University School of Law. In her spare time, she serves on the boards of several private foundations, and the CT Selection Committee for the Princeton Prize in Race Relations, as well as a USA swimming official. Delphine also enjoys skiing, golf, tennis and classic wood boats; "Powerhouse Points: Will TRIPS Waiver of IP Protection for COVID-19 Vaccines Serve Global Need," Freeborn, https://www.freeborn.com/perspectives/powerhouse-points-will-trips-waiver-ip-protection-covid-19-vaccines-serve-global-need~~ Justin AND companies would be the subject of jurisdictional challenges and lack effective enforcement mechanisms. CP solves better – the US has structurally undermined WTO legitimacyBaschuk 2/22 ~(Bryce, reporter for Bloomberg Economics based in Geneva, Switzerland, has been published in Bloomberg, the Washington Times, United Press International and National Public Radio) "Biden Picks Up Where Trump Left Off in Hard-Line Stances at WTO," Bloomberg, 2/22/2021~ AND by appealing them into a legal void created by the appellate body’s paralysis. | 9/5/21 |
SEPTOCT - CP - Evergreening AdvTournament: Grapevine | Round: 3 | Opponent: Memorial SC | Judge: Samantha Mcloughlin 4CP text: The member nations of the World Trade Organization should add more stringent requirements for filing secondary patents by requiring secondary patent filers to demonstrate increased efficacy as compared to the original. Solves all your offense by reducing purely strategic patents while permitting R and D forNewsome 17, A ~(JD candidate George Washington School of Law). (2017). Side effects of evergreening may include decreased competition and increased prices in the pharmaceutical industry. AIPLA Quarterly Journal, 45(4), 791-822~ Justin AND could potentially conflict with the United States' TRIPS Agreement obligations with the WTO. Solves best.Newsome 17, A ~(JD candidate George Washington School of Law). (2017). Side effects of evergreening may include decreased competition and increased prices in the pharmaceutical industry. AIPLA Quarterly Journal, 45(4), 791-822~ Justin AND companies to enter the marketplace sooner and drive prices down through competition. 5 | 9/11/21 |
SEPTOCT - CP - LoansTournament: Loyola | Round: 4 | Opponent: Dulles JL | Judge: Eric Einsley CP text: The member nations of the WTO should:—-Loan an additional 4 billion dollars of additional funding to close the pre-purchase gap of 350 million vaccines to achieve world-wide immunity—-The World Bank should relax the conditions to receive a loan as per Goldberg 21—-Eliminate export restriction on critical medicines during pandemics.The CP solves pandemics better – the aff misidentifies the problem.Goldberg 20 ~PINELOPI KOUJIANOU; Former World Bank Group chief economist and editor-in-chief of the American Economic Review, Professor of Economics at Yale University; "Forget the Vaccine Patent Waiver," Project Syndicate; 5/13/21; https://www.project-syndicate.org/commentary/wto-vaccine-waiver-is-beside-the-point-by-pinelopi-koujianou-goldberg-2021-05~~ Justin AND funneling surpluses from high-income countries to the rest of the world. Solves legitimacy as well – 1AC Meyer says that if public perception is that WTO is solving COVID, it shores up legitimacy | 9/5/21 |
SEPTOCT - CP - ScientistsTournament: Loyola | Round: Doubles | Opponent: Orange Lutheran AZ | Judge: Tej - Srey - Lena 4Text: A nation appointed international panel of scientists including National Academies and corresponding organizations should eliminate patent protections for medicines and manage similar conflicts of interest between intellectual property.International panel of science diplomats can rule over IP—-that’s key to science diplomacy.Hajjar and Greenbaum 18 ~David; Dean Emeritus and University Distinguished Professor, and Professor of Biochemistry and Pathology at Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University. He is a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Sciences, a Jefferson Science Fellow of the National Academies at the U.S. Department of State, and a recent Senior Fellow in Science Policy at the Brookings Institute; Steven; Professor and Chair of the Department of Physics and Astronomy at Hunter College of the City University of New York and a Fellow of the American Physical Society. He was a Jefferson Science Fellow of the National Academies at the U.S. Department of State; "Leveraging Diplomacy for Managing Scientific Challenges," American Diplomacy; September 18; https://americandiplomacy.web.unc.edu/2018/09/leveraging-diplomacy-for-managing-scientific-challenges-an-opportunity-to-navigate-the-future-of-science/~~ Justin AND or funding agency panelists for the advancement of science toward the greater good. Solves every existential threat.Haynes 18—research associate in the Neurobiology Department at Harvard Medical School (Trevor, "Science Diplomacy: Collaboration in a rapidly changing world," http://sitn.hms.harvard.edu/flash/2018/science-diplomacy-collaboration-rapidly-changing-world/, dml) Re-Cut Justin AND can to foster collaboration. The future of human civilization depends on it. The WTO ensures structural poverty of the Global South – multiple warrants.Walker 11 Aurelie Walker 11-14-2011 "The WTO has failed developing nations" https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/poverty-matters/2011/nov/14/wto-fails-developing-countries (trade policy advisor at the Fairtrade Foundation. Aurelie has specialised in EU trade relations with Africa, the Caribbean and the Pacific. She has worked as trade negotiator for an East African government, as advisor to business and government in Southern Africa on the Economic Partnership Agreement negotiations and for European Institutions and think tanks. Aurelie now advocates on behalf on Fairtrade producers on international trade issues)Elmer AND when the model of global competitiveness between countries becomes one of genuine cooperation. | 9/6/21 |
SEPTOCT - CP - Scientists v2Tournament: Greenhill | Round: 1 | Opponent: Lexington AK | Judge: Tate Weston 3Text: An international panel of scientists including National Academies and corresponding organizations appointed by the member nations of the World Trade Organization should release a binding ruling to ~reduce intellectual property protections for medicine~.They have the jurisdiction to rule over intellectual property and secure science diplomacy.Hajjar and Greenbaum 18 ~David; Dean Emeritus and University Distinguished Professor, and Professor of Biochemistry and Pathology at Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University. He is a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Sciences, a Jefferson Science Fellow of the National Academies at the U.S. Department of State, and a recent Senior Fellow in Science Policy at the Brookings Institute; Steven; Professor and Chair of the Department of Physics and Astronomy at Hunter College of the City University of New York and a Fellow of the American Physical Society. He was a Jefferson Science Fellow of the National Academies at the U.S. Department of State; "Leveraging Diplomacy for Managing Scientific Challenges," American Diplomacy; September 18; https://americandiplomacy.web.unc.edu/2018/09/leveraging-diplomacy-for-managing-scientific-challenges-an-opportunity-to-navigate-the-future-of-science/~~ Justin AND or funding agency panelists for the advancement of science toward the greater good. Enforcement through scientists is effective and solves WTO legitimacy.Turekian et al 18 ~Vaughan, Peter, Teruo, Robert; 1/16/18; "Science Diplomacy: A Pragmatic Perspective from the Inside," Science and Diplomacy, https://www.sciencediplomacy.org/article/2018/pragmatic-perspective~~ Justin AND biologics. Scientific input into such negotiations is critical to protect national positions. Solves every existential threat.Haynes 18—research associate in the Neurobiology Department at Harvard Medical School (Trevor, "Science Diplomacy: Collaboration in a rapidly changing world," http://sitn.hms.harvard.edu/flash/2018/science-diplomacy-collaboration-rapidly-changing-world/, dml) Re-Cut Justin AND can to foster collaboration. The future of human civilization depends on it. | 3/12/22 |
SEPTOCT - CP - Sui GenerisTournament: Mid America Cup | Round: 6 | Opponent: American Heritage Broward PG | Judge: Aryan Jasani 2CP: The member nations of the World Trade Organization ought to –—-create a new form of Sui Generis patent applications as per Vezina 20—-Grant this form of patent to Indigenous peoples—-Exclude non Indigenous groups from applying for Sui Generis patents and reduce intellectual property protections for medicines for non Indigenous groupsSui generis moral rights framework emphasizing guardianship over ownership and are the only way to stop the appropriate that comes with public knowledge – answers the reforms fail ev bc it bars settlers from using knowledge which isn’t sharing – also solves K of IPR used by Indigenous groups bc it uses a new fwVézina 20 "Ensuring Respect for Indigenous Cultures A Moral Rights Approach" Brigitte Vézina ~fellow at the Canadian think tank Centre for International Governance Innovation. She holds a bachelor’s degree in law from the Université de Montréal and a master’s in law from Georgetown University~, Centre for International Governance Innovation Papers No. 243 — May 2020, https://www.cigionline.org/static/documents/documents/vezina-paper'1.pdf SM AND trumps these concerns, as no use should be considered offensive per se. Reforming IPR is key to affirming native sovereignty. Solves the aff because it shifts away from western conceptions of property, but the perm fails since we think IPR is good – takes out all their epistemology deficits since the counterplan changes our epistemologyYounging 10 "Intergovernmental Committee On Intellectual Property And Genetic Resources Traditional Knowledge And Folklore" Seventeenth Session Geneva, December 6-10, 2010 Wipo Indigenous Panel On The Role Of The Public Domain Concept: Experiences In The Fields Of Genetic Resources, Traditional Knowledge And Traditional Cultural Expressions: Experiences From Canada Document prepared by Mr. Gregory Younging ~Creative Rights Alliance, Kelowna, Canada, Opaskwayak Cree Nation-Canada~ https://www.wipo.int/edocs/mdocs/tk/en/wipo'grtkf'ic'17/wipo'grtkf'ic'17'inf'5'a.pdf SM AND made outside the problematic frameworks of the colonization of TK and Gnaritas Nullius. | 9/27/21 |
SEPTOCT - CT - DedevTournament: Greenhill | Round: 5 | Opponent: Harker KB | Judge: Matt Moorhead DedevDownturn won’t cause war – prefer post-COVID evidenceWalt 5/13 (Stephen M. Walt is the Robert and Renée Belfer professor of international relations at Harvard University; 5/13/20; "Will a Global Depression Trigger Another World War?"; Foreign Policy; https://foreignpolicy.com/2020/05/13/coronavirus-pandemic-depression-economy-world-war/) AND particular moment in history, I’m going to hope I’m right about this one COVID dramatically lowers the risk of war.Walt ‘5/13 (Stephen M. Walt is the Robert and Renée Belfer professor of international relations at Harvard University; 5/13/20; "Will a Global Depression Trigger Another World War?"; Foreign Policy; https://foreignpolicy.com/2020/05/13/coronavirus-pandemic-depression-economy-world-war/) AND a deep and sustained economic downturn might make serious global conflict more likely? Massively outweighs on specificity – their evidence assumes some communist revolution in china and mid-east draw in, but that is literally not possible during a pandemicIsolated island populations repopulate Earth after radiation and nuclear winter – bunkers and submarines expand the likelihood of survivalTurchin and Green 18 (Alexey Turchin – Scientist for the Foundation Science for Life Extension in Moscow, Russia, Founder of Digital Immortality Now, author of several books and articles on the topics of existential risks and life extension. Brian Patrick Green – Director of technology ethics at the Markkula Center for Applied Ethics, teaches AI ethics in the Graduate School of Engineering at Santa Clara University. MKIM "Islands as refuges for surviving global catastrophes". September 2018. DOA: 7/20/19. https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/FS-04-2018-0031/full/html?fullSc=1andmbSc=1andfullSc=1) AND , and passages could provide cooling, access and even oxygen and food sources Growth’s bad and unsustainable:1~ Global cognitive collapse – extinction.Annunziata and McManus ’1-11—former Chief Economist and Head of Business Innovation Strategy at General Electric AND Visiting Research Fellow at Autodesk, Senior Advisor at BCG (Marco and Mickey, "The Great Cognitive Depression," https://www.forbes.com/sites/marcoannunziata/2019/01/11/the-great-cognitive-depression/~~#49ed9dc174c1, dml) AND for something new online, they gradually destroy our slow-thinking ability. 2~ Resources are finite – ensures collapse by 2050.Giorgos Kallis 18, ICREA Research Professor at Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, environmental scientist working on ecological economics and political ecology, formerly Marie Curie International Fellow at the Energy and Resources Group of the University of California at Berkeley, PhD in Environmental Policy and Planning from the University of the Aegean in Greece, et al., 5/31/18, "Annual Review of Environment and Resources: Research On Degrowth," Annual Review of Environment and Resources, Vol. 43, p. 296-298 AND 8–10, year-after-year reductions in carbon emissions required 3~ Chemical emissions – extinction.Julian Cribb 17, principal of JCA, Fellow of the Australian Academy of Technological Sciences and Engineering, former Director, National Awareness, CSIRO, "The Poisoner," Surviving the 21st Century Chapter 6 AND central nervous systems of children, rendering humanity less able to solve its problems Economic crisis sparks widespread movements towards localized sustainability.Trainer ’19—Conjoint Lecturer in the School of Social Sciences, University of New South Wales (Ted, "Entering the era of limits and scarcity: the radical implications for social theory," Journal of Political Ecology Vol. 26, 2019, dml) AND that are self-governing, basically cooperative and committed to materially frugal lifestyles | 9/19/21 |
SEPTOCT - DA - Anti-trust PTXTournament: Loyola | Round: 4 | Opponent: Dulles JL | Judge: Eric Einsley 2Bipartisan antitrust bills passing now but continued PC needed to pacify republicans.Perlman 9/3 ~Matthew; 9/3/21; "Interest Groups Back Big Tech Antitrust Bills In House," LAW360, https://www.law360.com/competition/articles/1418789/interest-groups-back-big-tech-antitrust-bills-in-house~~ Justin AND agree is already doing great harm to our democracy," the letter said. Aff doesn’t solve but requires negotiations that saps PC.Pooley 21 ~James; Former deputy director general of the United Nations’ World Intellectual Property Organization and a member of the Center for Intellectual Property Understanding; "Drawn-Out Negotiations Over Covid IP Will Blow Back on Biden," Barron’s; 5/26/21; https://www.barrons.com/articles/drawn-out-negotiations-over-covid-ip-will-blow-back-on-biden-51621973675~~ Justin AND helping export our surplus vaccine doses and vaccine ingredients to countries in need. Antitrust is key to the DIB – brink is now.Sitaraman 20 ~Ganesh; Vanderbilt University Law School; "The National Security Case for Breaking Up Big Tech," Knight First Amendment Institute at Columbia; 3/12/20; https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract'id=3537870~~ brett Re-Cut Justin AND redirected via monopoly profits to the pockets of big tech executives and shareholders. That solves extinction through great power war.Marks 19 ~Michael; Former Senior Policy Advisor to the Under Secretary for Security Assistance, Science and Technology at the U.S. Department of State; "Strengthen US Industry To Counter National Security Challenges," American Military News; 10/10/19; https://americanmilitarynews.com/2019/10/strengthen-us-industry-to-counter-national-security-challenges/~~ Justin AND industry, therefore, will be critical to countering our national security challenges. | 9/5/21 |
SEPTOCT - DA - ChinaTournament: Loyola | Round: Doubles | Opponent: Orange Lutheran AZ | Judge: Tej - Srey - Lena 2The US is leading the biopharmaceuticals race – but China is close. Catching up would be a death sentence for US lead.Gupta 21 ~Gaurav; Physician, founder of the biotechnology investment firm Ascendant BioCapital; "As Washington Ties Pharma’s Hands, China Is Leaping Ahead," Barrons; 6/11/21; https://www.barrons.com/articles/as-washington-ties-pharmas-hands-china-is-leaping-ahead-51623438808~~ Justin AND of research capacity will negatively affect Americans’ access to cutting-edge therapies. The plan gives away sensitive biotechnology information that facilitates a China lead – no 1ar evergreening turn – it would affect both nations and that info would still be availableRogin 21 ~Josh; Columnist for the Global Opinions section of the Washington Post and a political analyst with CNN. Previously, he has covered foreign policy and national security for Bloomberg View, Newsweek, the Daily Beast, Foreign Policy magazine, Congressional Quarterly, Federal Computer Week magazine and Japan’s Asahi Shimbun newspaper. He was a 2011 finalist for the Livingston Award for Young Journalists and the 2011 recipient of the Interaction Award for Excellence in International Reporting. Rogin holds a BA in international affairs from George Washington University and studied at Sophia University in Tokyo. He lives in Washington, DC; "Opinion: The wrong way to fight vaccine nationalism," The Washington Post; 4/8/21; https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/global-opinions/the-wrong-way-to-fight-vaccine-nationalism/2021/04/08/9a65e15e-98a8-11eb-962b-78c1d8228819'story.html~~ Justin AND Cohen, senior fellow at the University of California at Berkeley Law School. Gains are directly converted to military prowess – destroys US primacy.Kuo 17 ~Mercy A; Executive Vice President at Pamir Consulting; "The Great US-China Biotechnology and Artificial Intelligence Race," The Diplomat; 8/23/17; https://thediplomat.com/2017/08/the-great-us-china-biotechnology-and-artificial-intelligence-race/~~ TDI Re-Cut Justin AND are tailored to overcome the immune system or the microbiome of specific populations. That causes extinction.Yulis 17 ~Max; Major in PoliSci, Penn Political Review; "In Defense of Liberal Internationalism," Penn Political Review; 4/8/17; http://pennpoliticalreview.org/2017/04/in-defense-of-liberal-internationalism/~~ Re-Cut Justin AND limelight to advocate the virtues of peace, stability, and human rights. | 9/6/21 |
SEPTOCT - DA - Debt CeilingTournament: St Marks | Round: Doubles | Opponent: Harvard Westlake IC | Judge: Timmons - Smith - Rosas 1A Temporary debt ceiling bill has passed but its not enough, comprehensive White House-Congress cooperation must be achieved through political capital for a December voteCornwell 10-13 Susan Cornwell, 10-13-2021, "U.S. House votes for short-term debt ceiling fix, averting default," Reuters, https://www.reuters.com/world/us/us-house-expected-pass-bill-hike-debt-ceiling-avert-default-2021-10-12/ SJDA AND Trump priorities like construction of a southwest border wall to keep out immigrants. Aff doesn’t solve but requires negotiations that saps PC.Pooley 21 ~James; Former deputy director general of the United Nations’ World Intellectual Property Organization and a member of the Center for Intellectual Property Understanding; "Drawn-Out Negotiations Over Covid IP Will Blow Back on Biden," Barron’s; 5/26/21; https://www.barrons.com/articles/drawn-out-negotiations-over-covid-ip-will-blow-back-on-biden-51621973675~~ Justin AND helping export our surplus vaccine doses and vaccine ingredients to countries in need. Debt default tips gradual dollar decline into a spiral of destabilizing hot money outflows.Brian Chappatta 20, CFA Charterholder, Bloomberg Opinion Columnist Covering Debt Markets, BS in Journalism and Economics from Northwestern University, "A Weakening U.S. Dollar Is Still the Preeminent Currency", Bloomberg Quint, 10/22/2020, https://www.bloombergquint.com/gadfly/a-weakening-u-s-dollar-is-still-the-preeminent-currency AND pool of money will take the other side of the dollar doomsday narrative. Extinction.Joshua Zoffer 20, Investor at Cove Hill Partners, Fellow at New America, JD Candidate at Yale University Law School, AB from Harvard University, "To End Forever War, Keep the Dollar Globally Dominant", The New Republic, 2/3/2020, https://newrepublic.com/article/156417/end-forever-war-keep-dollar-globally-dominant AND consortium of countries is prepared to fund, such as climate change mitigation. | 10/18/21 |
SEPTOCT - DA - Infrastructure PTXTournament: Grapevine | Round: 3 | Opponent: Memorial SC | Judge: Samantha Mcloughlin 2Infrastructure is passing now and is at the top of Bidens agenda—-Biden has enough PC but continuation is critical.Nomikos 9/1 ~William; 9/1/21; Assistant professor of political science at Washington University in St. Louis and director of the Data-driven Analysis of Peace Project; "Everyone has an opinion on Afghanistan — Do voters care?" The Hill, https://thehill.com/blogs/congress-blog/politics/570422-everyone-has-an-opinion-on-afghanistan-do-voters-care~~ Justin AND the best chance for retaining control of Congress in the 2022 midterm elections. Aff doesn’t solve but requires negotiations that saps PC.Pooley 21 ~James; Former deputy director general of the United Nations’ World Intellectual Property Organization and a member of the Center for Intellectual Property Understanding; "Drawn-Out Negotiations Over Covid IP Will Blow Back on Biden," Barron’s; 5/26/21; https://www.barrons.com/articles/drawn-out-negotiations-over-covid-ip-will-blow-back-on-biden-51621973675~~ Justin AND helping export our surplus vaccine doses and vaccine ingredients to countries in need. That solves existential climate change.Castillo 21 ~Rhyma; 8/16/21; News and politics writer at Elite Daily, where she's passionate about advocating for underserved communities throughout the United States. She’s covered issues in politics, immigration, environmental racism, climate change, gun violence, and more. After graduating with an English degree from Texas AandM Unversity, Rhyma has worked as a technical writer and test author at Educational Testing Service (ETS), a copywriter for Mightier Content, and as a Creative Operations Specialist at GoDaddy. She also has bylines as a freelancer at the San Antonio Current, where her reporting on local news, politics, tech, and entertainment has been widely circulated; "Experts Explain What You Can Do About Climate Change After That Scary IPCC Report," Elite Daily, https://www.elitedaily.com/news/what-you-can-do-climate-change-after-ipcc-report~~ Justin AND , ~and~ those investments take a while to come to fruition." | 9/11/21 |
SEPTOCT - DA - Infrastructure PTX v2Tournament: Greenhill | Round: 1 | Opponent: Lexington AK | Judge: Tate Weston 4Bipartisan infrastructure bill passing now but PC is needed – there is no margin for error.Kapur et al 9/8 ~Sahil, Frank Thorp, and Leigh Ann Caldwell; 9/8/21; Sahil Kapur is a national political reporter for NBC News, Frank Thorp V is a producer and off-air reporter covering Congress for NBC News, managing coverage of the Senate, Leigh Ann Caldwell is an NBC News correspondent; "Democrats plow 'full speed ahead' on sweeping Biden budget, despite tensions," https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/congress/democrats-plow-full-speed-ahead-sweeping-biden-budget-despite-tensions-n1278722~~ Justin AND great bill" that honors Biden’s vision. "We will have our negotiations Aff doesn’t solve but requires negotiations that saps PC.Pooley 21 ~James; Former deputy director general of the United Nations’ World Intellectual Property Organization and a member of the Center for Intellectual Property Understanding; "Drawn-Out Negotiations Over Covid IP Will Blow Back on Biden," Barron’s; 5/26/21; https://www.barrons.com/articles/drawn-out-negotiations-over-covid-ip-will-blow-back-on-biden-51621973675~~ Justin AND helping export our surplus vaccine doses and vaccine ingredients to countries in need. Infrastructure secures the grid against worsening and increasing cyberattacks.Carney 21 ~Chris; 8/6/21; Senior policy advisor at Nossaman LLC, former US Representative, former professor of political science at Penn State University; "The US Senate Infrastructure Bill: Securing Our Electrical Grid Through P3s and Grants," JDSupra, https://www.jdsupra.com/legalnews/the-us-senate-infrastructure-bill-4989100/~~ Justin AND "defense critical" electrical infrastructure and buttressing against a constant barrage of cyberattacks | 3/12/22 |
SEPTOCT - DA - InnovationTournament: Loyola | Round: 1 | Opponent: St Agnes EH | Judge: Connor Self Pharma innovation high now – monetary incentive is the biggest factor.Swagel 21 Phillip L. Swagel, Director of the Congressional budget office 4-xx-2021, "Research and Development in the Pharmaceutical Industry," Congressional Budget Office, https://www.cbo.goc/publication/57126~~#'idTextAnchor020 SJDA AND drugs), and conducting postapproval testing for safety-monitoring or marketing purposes. The aff crushes innovation in the pharma sector—-incentivizes them to focus on non-important issues.Glassman 21 ~Amanda; 5/6/21; Executive vice president and a senior fellow at the Center for Global Development, a nonpartisan, nonprofit think tank in Washington and London; "Big Pharma Is Not the Tobacco Industry," Barron, https://www.barrons.com/articles/big-pharma-is-not-the-tobacco-industry-51620315693~~ Justin AND by ponying up cash to vaccinate the entire world. No confiscation necessary. Pharma Innovation prevents Extinction – checks new diseases.Engelhardt 8, H. Tristram. Innovation and the pharmaceutical industry: critical reflections on the virtues of profit. M and M Scrivener Press, 2008 (doctorate in philosophy (University of Texas at Austin), M.D. (Tulane University), professor of philosophy (Rice University), and professor emeritus at Baylor College of Medicine) AND profit in medicine and especially in the pharmaceutical and medical-device industries. Pharma spills-over – has cascading global impacts that are necessary for human survival.NAS 8 National Academy of Sciences 12-3-2008 "The Role of the Life Sciences in Transforming America's Future Summary of a Workshop" Re-cut by Elmer AND biological processes at work in the oceans can humans live sustainably on earth. | 9/4/21 |
SEPTOCT - DA - Innovation v2Tournament: Mid America Cup | Round: 6 | Opponent: American Heritage Broward PG | Judge: Aryan Jasani 3Pharma innovation high now – monetary incentive is the biggest factor.Swagel 21 Phillip L. Swagel, Director of the Congressional budget office 4-xx-2021, "Research and Development in the Pharmaceutical Industry," Congressional Budget Office, https://www.cbo.goc/publication/57126~~#'idTextAnchor020 SJDA AND drugs), and conducting postapproval testing for safety-monitoring or marketing purposes. Strong IPR is key to innovation – empirics and FDIEzell and Cory 19 ~Stephen Ezell, BS from School of Foreign Service at Georgetown, VP of global innovation policy at Information Technology and Innovation Foundation. Nigel Cory, MA in public policy from Georgetown, BA in international business from Griffith University, Associate Director of trade policy at Information Technology and Innovation Foundation, former researcher in the Southeast Asia Program at the Center for Strategic and International Studies.~ "The Way Forward for Intellectual Property Internationally," Information Technology and Innovation Foundation, April 25, 2019, https://itif.org/publications/2019/04/25/way-forward-intellectual-property-internationally TG AND for foreign direct investment which in turn also leads to economic growth."56 Pharma spills-over – has cascading global impacts that are necessary for human survival.NAS 8 National Academy of Sciences 12-3-2008 "The Role of the Life Sciences in Transforming America's Future Summary of a Workshop" Re-cut by Elmer AND biological processes at work in the oceans can humans live sustainably on earth. | 9/27/21 |
SEPTOCT - DA - WTO FisheriesTournament: Loyola | Round: Doubles | Opponent: Orange Lutheran AZ | Judge: Tej - Srey - Lena 1WTO consensus on fishing subsidies likely now but requires negotiations- consensus is key to solving overfishing- the brink is now.Koop 21 ~Fermin; Argentine journalist specializing in the environment with experience across diverse publications; "WTO Inches Towards a Deal to End Harmful Fishing Subsidies," Maritime-Executive; 7/30/21; https://www.maritime-executive.com/editorials/wto-inches-towards-a-deal-to-end-harmful-fishing-subsidies~~ Justin AND ,?UN special envoy for the ocean, said in a recent webinar. Negotiations on IPR require tradeoffs- empirics prove.DC = DEVELOPING COUNTRY AND Acts Embodying the Results of the Uruguay Round of Multilateral Trade Negotiations’.11 That collapses biodiversity.Osmanski 20 ~Stephanie; Freelance Journaler, Writer at GreenMatters; "How Does Overfishing Affect Biodiversity? Let's Do a Deep Dive," GreenMatters; 12/29/20; https://www.greenmatters.com/p/how-overfishing-affects-biodiversity~~ Justin AND . TBH, might be best to go fish-free. instead. Biodiversity loss causes extinction.Torres 19 ~Phil; Affiliate Scholar at the Institute for Ethics and Emerging Technologies, Founder of the X-Risks Institute, Writer Appearing in Skeptic, Free Inquiry, Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, Salon, Truthout, Erkenntnis, Metaphilosophy; "Biodiversity Loss: An Existential Risk Comparable To Climate Change," Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists; 4/11/16; https://thebulletin.org/2016/04/biodiversity-loss-an-existential-risk-comparable-to-climate-change/~~ Justin AND as one of the most significant contemporary risks to human prosperity and survival. | 9/6/21 |
SEPTOCT - DA - WarmingTournament: Grapevine | Round: 3 | Opponent: Memorial SC | Judge: Samantha Mcloughlin 1We are on pace to cut emissions by half in 2030 and prevent 2 degree tipping point, but continued biotech innovation is keyMcmurry-Health 5-21 Michelle Mcmurry-Heath May 21, 2021, 5-21-2021, "To help solve climate change, look to the biosciences," STAT, https://www.statnews.com/2021/05/21/climate-change-solutions-from-biosciences/ Nato AND us into this mess. That same ingenuity can help get us out. Climate Patents and Innovation high now and solving Warming but patent waivers set a dangerous precedent for appropriations - the mere threat is sufficient is enough to kill investment.Brand 5-26, Melissa. "Trips Ip Waiver Could Establish Dangerous Precedent for Climate Change and Other Biotech Sectors." IPWatchdog.com | Patents and Patent Law, 26 May 2021, www.ipwatchdog.com/2021/05/26/trips-ip-waiver-establish-dangerous-precedent-climate-change-biotech-sectors/id=133964/. sid AND is unlikely they will continue to invest at the current and required levels. Climate change destroys the world.Specktor 19 ~Brandon; writes about the science of everyday life for Live Science, and previously for Reader's Digest magazine, where he served as an editor for five years; "Human Civilization Will Crumble by 2050 If We Don't Stop Climate Change Now, New Paper Claims," livescience, 6/4/19; https://www.livescience.com/65633-climate-change-dooms-humans-by-2050.html~~ Justin AND and perhaps "the end of human global civilization as we know it." | 9/11/21 |
SEPTOCT - NC - KantTournament: Greenhill | Round: 5 | Opponent: Harker KB | Judge: Matt Moorhead 31NC – FWPermissibility and presumption negate – ~a~ the resolution indicates the aff has to prove an obligation, and permissibility would deny the existence of an obligation ~b~ Statements are more often false than true because any part can be false. This means you negate if there is no offense because the resolution is probably false.Ethics must begin a priori:~1~ Uncertainty – our experiences are inaccessible to others which allows people to say they don’t experience the same, however a priori principles are universally applied to all agents.~2~ Bindingness – I can keep asking "why should I follow this" which results in skep since obligations are predicated on ignorantly accepting rules. Only reason solves since asking "why reason?" requires reason which concedes its authority and equally proves agency as constitutiveThat means we must universally will maxims— any non-universalizable norm justifies someone’s ability to impede on your ends.Thus, the standard is consistency with the categorical imperative.Prefer the standard:Performativity – freedom is the key to the process of justification of arguments. Willing that we should abide by their ethical theory presupposes that we own ourselves in the first place. Thus, it is logically incoherent to justify the neg arguments/standard without first willing that we can pursue ends free from others1NC – Offense1~ Intellectual property is an inalienable personal right of economic usePozzo 6 Pozzo, Riccardo. "Immanuel Kant on Intellectual Property." Trans/Form/Ação, vol. 29, no. 2, 2006, pp. 11–18., doi:10.1590/s0101-31732006000200002. SJDA recut Cookie JX AND he was to make, as we say today, a free use. 2~The aff violates the categorical imperative and is non-universalizable- governments have a binding obligation to protect creationsVan Dyke 18 Raymond Van Dyke, 7-17-2018, "The Categorical Imperative for Innovation and Patenting," IPWatchdog, https://www.ipwatchdog.com/2018/07/17/categorical-imperative-innovation-patenting/id=99178/ SJDA recut SJKS AND trade secret protection would become the mainstay for society with the heightened distrust. | 9/19/21 |
SEPTOCT - NC - Kant v2Tournament: Greenhill | Round: Doubles | Opponent: Southlake Carroll PK | Judge: Evnen - Quinsenberry - Yi 4Framework:The meta-ethic is procedural moral realism.This entails that moral facts stem from procedures while substantive realism holds that moral truths exist independently of that in the empirical world. Prefer procedural realism –~1~ Collapses – the only way to verify whether something is a moral fact is by using procedures to warrant it.~2~ Uncertainty – our experiences are inaccessible to others which allows people to say they don’t experience the same, however a priori principles are universally applied to all agents.~3~ Is/Ought Gap – we can only perceive what is, not what ought to be. It’s impossible to derive an ought statement from descriptive facts about the world, necessitating a priori premises.Regress – I can keep asking "why should I follow this" which results in skep since obligations are predicated on ignorantly accepting rules. Only reason solves since asking "why reason?" requires reason which is self-justified.That means we must universally will maxims— any non-universalizable norm justifies someone’s ability to impede on your ends.Thus, the standard is consistency with the categorical imperative.Prefer –~1~ Performativity—freedom is the key to the process of justification of arguments. Willing that we should abide by their ethical theory presupposes that we own ourselves in the first place.~2~ All other frameworks collapse—non-Kantian theories source obligations in extrinsically good objects, but that presupposes the goodness of the rational will.Offense1~ Intellectual property is an inalienable personal right of economic usePozzo 6 Pozzo, Riccardo. "Immanuel Kant on Intellectual Property." Trans/Form/Ação, vol. 29, no. 2, 2006, pp. 11–18., doi:10.1590/s0101-31732006000200002. SJDA recut Cookie JX AND he was to make, as we say today, a free use. | 9/25/21 |
SEPTOCT - T - CannabisTournament: St Marks | Round: 1 | Opponent: Southlake Carroll AS | Judge: Collin Smith 2Interpretation – Marijuana isn’t a MedicineMosley 20, Mark. "Medical Marijuana Is a Dangerous Lie." Emergency Medicine News 42.8 (2020): 2-3. (Dr. Mark Mosley is an emergency medicine physician in Wichita, Kansas and is affiliated with Wesley Healthcare Center. He received his medical degree from University of Oklahoma College of Medicine and has been in practice for more than 20 years.)Elmer AND willow tree in place of acetylsalicylic acid, the active ingredient in aspirin. FDA and CDC definitions prove.CDC ’18 (CDC; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; 3-7-2018; "Is marijuana medicine?"; CDC; https://www.cdc.gov/marijuana/faqs/is-marijuana-medicine.html; Accessed: 9-4-2021; AU) AND way to know what kind and how much of a chemical you’re getting. ====Violation – the resolution calls for reductions on IP protections for medicines, but the aff prevents future patents for cannabis-derived products.==== Vote neg for limits and ground. Expanding the definition of "medicine" to anything that could be used in a medical setting floods the neg with cases to prep for – everything from new methods of chemo to upgrading stethoscopes becomes topical.Excluding Marijuana from the Topic is good for Limits – there’s infinite advantage areas like Cartels, Treaties, Medical Research, Cotton, Terror, Education, and Competitiveness – an area that could be a Topic by itself – adds on 1/5 of an entire College Debate Topic to thousands of medicines.At best – they’re extra-T since Cannabis isn’t intrinsically medicinal, it just has medicinal uses so they would reduce Recreational Marijuana patents too which isn’t topical and explodes limits.Johnson 20 Ian Johnson 1-20-2020 "Cannabis Patents 2000 – 2019: Trends Following Legalization" https://plantlaw.com/2020/01/20/cannabis-trends-medical-recreational/ (Registered Patent Agent, Plant and Planet Law Firm)Elmer AND below demonstrates the growth of the recreational sector’s share of cannabis patent activity. C/A Paradigm Issues | 10/16/21 |
SEPTOCT - T - MedicineTournament: Greenhill | Round: Doubles | Opponent: Southlake Carroll PK | Judge: Evnen - Quinsenberry - Yi 1Interpretation: "medicines" is a generic bare plural. The aff may not defend that member nations of the World Trade Organization ought to reduce intellectual property protections for a medicine or subset of medicines.Nebel 19. ~Jake Nebel is an assistant professor of philosophy at the University of Southern California and executive director of Victory Briefs. He writes a lot of this stuff lol – duh.~ "Genericity on the Standardized Tests Resolution." Vbriefly. August 12, 2019. https://www.vbriefly.com/2019/08/12/genericity-on-the-standardized-tests-resolution/?fbclid=IwAR0hUkKdDzHWrNeqEVI7m59pwsnmqLl490n4uRLQTe7bWmWDO'avWCNzi14 TG AND "colleges and universities" is generic rather than existential in the resolution. It applies to "medicines" – 1~ upward entailment test – "member nations of the World Trade Organization ought to reduce intellectual property protections for medicines" doesn’t entail that member nations of the WTO ought to reduce IPP for drugs because it doesn’t prove that marijuana protections should be reduced 2~ adverb test – adding "always" to the res doesn’t substantially change its meaning because reduce is permanent.Violation: They spec cannabisStandards:~1~ precision – the counter-interp justifies them arbitrarily doing away with random words in the resolution which decks negative ground and preparation because the aff is no longer bounded by the resolution.~2~ Limits and ground – their model allows affs to defend anything from Covid vaccines to HIV drugs to Insulin— there's no universal DA since each has different functions and political implications — that explodes neg prep and leads to random medicine of the week affs which makes cutting stable neg links impossible — limits key to reciprocal engagement since they create a caselist for neg prep and it takes out ground like DAs to certain medicines which are some of the few neg generics when affs spec medicines.~3~ TVA solves – you could’ve read your plan as an advantage under a whole res advocacy. No prep to a plan aff would just incentivize cheaty pics which are net worse.Fairness – debate is a competitive activity that requires fairness for objective evaluation. Edcuation – terminal imapct of debateDrop the debater – a~ deter future abuse and b~ set better norms for debate.Competing interps – ~a~ reasonability is arbitrary and encourages judge intervention since there’s no clear norm, ~b~ it creates a race to the top where we create the best possible norms for debate.No RVIs – a~ illogical, you don’t win for proving that you meet the burden of being fair, logic outweighs since it’s a prerequisite for evaluating any other argument, b~ RVIs incentivize baiting theory and prepping it out which leads to maximally abusive practices | 9/25/21 |
SEPTOCT - T - Member NationsTournament: Greenhill | Round: 5 | Opponent: Harker KB | Judge: Matt Moorhead 1Interp and violation: "The member nations" denotes the totality of member nations in the WTO. The aff may not defend a subset of WTO member nations ought to reduce IP protections for medicines.Sharvy 80 ~Richard Sharvy, philosopher. "A More General Theory of Definite Descriptions on JSTOR," The Philosophical Review, Vol. 89, No. 4, Oct. 1980, accessed 8-22-2021, https://www.jstor.org/stable/2184738~~ HWIC AND it is to indicate totality; implication of uniqueness is a side effect. Standards:~1~ precision – the counter-interp justifies them arbitrarily doing away with random words in the resolution which decks negative ground and preparation because the aff is no longer bounded by the resolution. Independent voter for jurisdiction – the judge doesn’t have the jurisdiction to vote aff if there wasn’t a legitimate aff.~2~ Limits and ground – their model allows affs to defend anything from India to US to Indonesia— there's no universal DA since each has different functions and political implications — that explodes neg prep and leads to random country of the week affs which makes cutting stable neg links impossible — limits key to reciprocal engagement since they create a caselist for neg prep and it takes out ground like DAs to certain nations which are some of the few neg generics when affs spec nations.~3~ TVA solves – you could’ve read your plan as an advantage under a whole res advocacy. Potential abuse doesn’t justify in round abuse, and having no prep leads to cheaty word PICs and Process Cps which are net worseFairness – debate is a competitive activity that requires fairness for objective evaluation.Drop the debater – a~ deter future abuse and b~ set better norms for debate.Competing interps – ~a~ reasonability is arbitrary and encourages judge intervention since there’s no clear norm, ~b~ it creates a race to the top where we create the best possible norms for debate.No RVIs – a~ illogical, you don’t win for proving that you meet the burden of being fair, logic outweighs since it’s a prerequisite for evaluating any other argument, b~ RVIs incentivize baiting theory and prepping it out which leads to maximally abusive practices | 9/19/21 |
SEPTOCT - T - ReduceTournament: Loyola | Round: 5 | Opponent: San Mateo YR | Judge: Jonah Gentleman Interpretation: Affirmatives must defend a reduction in intellectual property for medicines.Precluding a future increase is not a reductionMelinda Harmon 12, Judge, United States District Court for the Southern District of Texas, Houston Division, 3/6/12, Zieche v. Burlington Res., Inc., 2012 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 30134, p. lexis AND Zieche has introduced ~*13~ no evidence to convince the Court otherwise. Violation:Vote neg:1~ Limits and ground– they can read infinite affs precluding future increases that is unpredictable and we can’t have offense i.e. not getting a patent 100 years in the future or something so they will always win on specificity2~ Precision o/w – anything else justifies the aff arbitrarily jettisoning words in the resolution at their whim which decks negative ground and preparation because the aff is no longer bounded by the resolution.3~ TVA – defend the advantage to with the whole rez. We don’t prevent new FWs, mechanisms, or advantages. Evergreening already answers core neg ground like innovation – no reason why you need to delink out of it. PICs don’t solve – our model allows you to specify countries and medicines.Fairness – debate is a competitive activity that requires fairness for objective evaluation. Outweighs because it’s the only intrinsic part of debate – all other rules can be debated over but rely on some conception of fairness to be justified.Drop the debater – a~ deter future abuse and b~ set better norms for debate.Competing interps – ~a~ reasonability is arbitrary and encourages judge intervention since there’s no clear norm, ~b~ it creates a race to the top where we create the best possible norms for debate.No RVIs – a~ illogical, you don’t win for proving that you meet the burden of being fair, logic outweighs since it’s a prerequisite for evaluating any other argument, b~ RVIs incentivize baiting theory and prepping it out which leads to maximally abusive practices | 9/5/21 |
SEPTOCT - T - Reduce v2Tournament: St Marks | Round: 1 | Opponent: Southlake Carroll AS | Judge: Collin Smith 11~ Interpretation – Reduce means to annul.Black’s Law 90 Black’s Law Dictionary 2ND ED. "Reduce" https://dictionary.thelaw.com/reduce/ Elmer That means the Aff has to cancel IP protections in their entirety, they can’t just modify it.Black’s Law 90 Black’s Law Dictionary 2ND ED. "Annul" https://thelawdictionary.org/annul/ AND re Morrow’s Estate, 204 Pa. 484, 54 Atl. 342. 2~ Violation – They "delay enforcement" which is a modification, not a complete annulment3~ Standards –a~ Neg Ground – Core Neg Generics like Innovation and Biotech Heg are predicated on scope of effect – minor modifications in how long a patent lasts for or what it effects allows the 1AR to minimize our links to zero which destroys being Neg on a Topic w/ very little Generic Ground.b~ Limits – Allowing Affs to make patent modifications explodes Aff ground by three-fold because for all four intellectual property protections for every medicine MULTIPLIED by different time modifications, different scope modifications which makes predictable preparation and in-depth clash impossible.4~ TVA – eliminate the enforcement of all cannabis patents – solves their offense.5~ Paradigm Issues –a~ Topicality is Drop the Debater – it’s a fundamental baseline for debate-ability.b~ Use Competing Interps – 1~ Topicality is a yes/no question, you can’t be reasonably topical and 2~ Reasonability invites arbitrary judge intervention and a race to the bottom of questionable argumentation.c~ No RVI’s - 1~ Forces the 1NC to go all-in on Theory which kills substance education, 2~ Encourages Baiting since the 1AC will purposely be abusive, and 3~ Illogical – you shouldn’t win for not being abusive. | 10/16/21 |
SEPTOCT - Theory - Must Spec IPTournament: Loyola | Round: 1 | Opponent: St Agnes EH | Judge: Connor Self 3Interpretation: affirmative debaters must delineate what intellectual property they reduce in the 1AC.Four types of IP that are vastly different.Ackerman 17 ~Peter; Founder and CEO, Innovation Asset Group, Inc; "The 4 Main Types of Intellectual Property and Related Costs," Decipher; 1/6/17; https://www.innovation-asset.com/blog/the-4-main-types-of-intellectual-property-and-related-costs~~ Justin AND weigh the competitive significance of your secrets against the cost of protecting them. Violation: they don’tNegate:1~ Shiftiness- they can redefine what intellectual properties the 1ac defends in the 1ar which decks strategy and allows them to wriggle out of negative positions which strips the neg of specific IP DAs, IP PICs, and case answers. They will always win on specificity weighing.CX can’t resolve this and is bad because A~ Not flowed B~ Skews 6 min of prep C~ They can lie and no way to check D~ Debaters can be shady.2~ Real World- policy makers will always specify what the object of change is. That outweighs since debate has no value without portable application. It also means zero solvency since the WTO, absent spec, can circumvent aff’s policy since they can say they didn’t know what was affected.This spec shell isn’t regressive- it literally determines what the affirmative implements and who it affectsFairness and education are voters – its how judges evaluate rounds and why schools fund debateNeg theory is DTD - 1ARs control the direction of the debate because it determines what the 2NR has to go for – DTD allows us some leeway in the round by having some control in the directionCompeting interps – Reasonability invites arbitrary judge intervention and a race to the bottom of questionable argumentation – it also collapses since brightlines operate on an offense-defense paradigmNo RVIs – A – Going all in on theory kills substance education which outweighs on timeframe B - Discourages checking real abuse which outweighs on norm-setting C – Encourages theory baiting – outweighs because if the shell is frivolous, they can beat it quickly | 9/4/21 |
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