Strake Jesuit Shah Neg
| Tournament | Round | Opponent | Judge | Cites | Round Report | Open Source | Edit/Delete |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Blue Key | 2 | King AT | Wang-Choi, Jeong |
|
|
| |
| Blue Key | 3 | Lexington JB | Datel, Amadea |
|
|
| |
| Blue Key | 6 | American Heritage NR | Das, Sreyaash |
|
|
| |
| Blue Key | Finals | Lexington BF | Panel |
|
|
| |
| Churchill | 2 | Cypress Woods CT | Okunlola, Nelson |
|
|
| |
| Churchill | 3 | McNeil ARc | Fox, Patrick |
|
|
| |
| Churchill | 6 | Westlake AC | Bukowsky, Holden |
|
|
| |
| Emory | 1 | Bronx Science NK | Ying, Derek |
|
|
| |
| Emory | 3 | Claudia Taylor AP | Clark-Villanueva, Leah |
|
|
| |
| Emory | 5 | Carnegie Vanguard SR | Swift, Jefferey |
|
|
| |
| Emory | Doubles | Saratoga AG | panel |
|
|
| |
| Glenbrooks | 1 | Harvard Westlake LD | Barquin, Joseph |
|
|
| |
| Glenbrooks | 4 | DTHS HV | Bukowsky, Holden |
|
|
| |
| Glenbrooks | 6 | Peninsula CS | Chaudhary, Vishan |
|
|
| |
| Grapevine | 1 | Westlake NB | Voudris, Stephan |
|
|
| |
| Grapevine | 3 | Cypress Woods AZ | Sun, Favian |
|
|
| |
| Grapevine | 5 | St Agnes EH | Quissenberry, Jack |
|
|
| |
| Grapevine | Octas | Plano East JN | Panel |
|
|
| |
| Greenhill | 1 | Little Rock MG | Lea, Gabrielle |
|
|
| |
| Greenhill | 4 | DTHS HV | Karavadi, Sai |
|
|
| |
| Greenhill | 6 | Immaculate Heart BC | McLoughlin, Sam |
|
|
| |
| Harvard | 2 | American Heritage MC | Krause, Lukas |
|
|
| |
| Harvard | 3 | Carnegie Vanguard SR | Zhong, Angela |
|
|
| |
| Harvard | 6 | Byram Hills AK | Das, Sreyash |
|
|
| |
| Harvard | Triples | Scarsdale KS | Panel |
|
|
| |
| Harvard | 7 | Lake Highland AVe | Palmer, Jackson |
|
|
| |
| Harvard | Doubles | Oxford VM | Panel |
|
|
| |
| Harvard Westlake | 1 | Immaculate Heart BC | Gedela, Tej |
|
|
| |
| Harvard Westlake | 4 | Orange Lutheran AZ | Mork, Alexandra |
|
|
| |
| Harvard Westlake | 6 | Dwight Engelwood EK | Mizrahi, Lena |
|
|
| |
| Harvard Westlake | Octas | Westwood PM | Panel |
|
|
| |
| Hello | 4 | Hello | Hello |
|
|
| |
| Hello | 3 | Hello | Hello |
|
|
| |
| Longhorn Classic | 2 | Westlake AK | Yoakum, Anastasia |
|
|
| |
| Longhorn Classic | 4 | Westwood AC | Bukowsky, Holden |
|
|
| |
| Longhorn Classic | 6 | San Mateo YR | Chao, Isaac |
|
|
| |
| Longhorn Classic | Quarters | Sage MP | Panel |
|
|
| |
| Longhorn Classic | Octas | Memorial SC | Panel |
|
|
| |
| Loyola | 6 | Immaculate Heart JL | Gedela, Tej |
|
|
| |
| Loyola | Doubles | Harrison AA | Panel |
|
|
| |
| Loyola | 3 | Millard North YL | Bukowsky, Holden |
|
|
| |
| Loyola | 2 | Eden Prairie AG | Sinha, Abhinav |
|
|
| |
| NDCA | 1 | Harvard Westlake MT | Aaron, Brianna |
|
|
| |
| NDCA | 6 | Peninsula RM | Sims, John |
|
|
| |
| NDCA | 4 | Harker MK | Mcloughlin, Samantha |
|
|
| |
| St Marks | 1 | Wenatchee JK | Bukowsky, Holden |
|
|
| |
| St Marks | 3 | Aragon ZA | Dossani, Faizzan |
|
|
| |
| St Marks | 5 | Harker AS | Krauss, Gordon |
|
|
| |
| TFA State | 2 | Plano East AD | Cook, River |
|
|
| |
| TFA State | 3 | Clear Brook DM | Wilson, Avery |
|
|
| |
| TFA State | 6 | Claudia Taylor AP | Yoakum, Alex |
|
|
| |
| Tournament of Champions | 1 | Lexington AG | Robinson, Tajaih |
|
|
| |
| Tournament of Champions | 4 | San Mateo YR | Moorehead, Matt |
|
|
| |
| Tournament of Champions | 5 | Sidwell SW | Aaron, Brianna |
|
|
| |
| UNLV | 2 | Harker RT | Levy, Lotem |
|
|
| |
| UNLV | 4 | Harvard Westlake EJ | Cook, River |
|
|
| |
| UNLV | 6 | South Eugene KS | Carmona, Denise |
|
|
| |
| Valley | 1 | American Heritage EM | terrible |
|
|
| |
| Valley | 6 | Prospect ST | Lakshman, Rohit |
|
|
| |
| Valley | Doubles | Princeton DR | Panel |
|
|
| |
| Valley | Quarters | Mission San Jose SS | Panel |
|
|
| |
| Valley RR | 3 | Lexington BF | Panel |
|
|
| |
| Valley RR | Finals | Murphy AW | panel |
|
|
| |
| Valley RR | Semis | American Heritage EM | Panel |
|
|
| |
| Valley Round Robin | 2 | Sequoia AS | Panel |
|
|
| |
| debateLA Challenge | 1 | Immaculate Heart BC | Panel |
|
|
| |
| debateLA Challenge | 4 | Westwood PM | Panel |
|
|
| |
| debateLA Challenge | 5 | Sage MP | Panel |
|
|
|
| Tournament | Round | Report |
|---|---|---|
| Blue Key | 2 | Opponent: King AT | Judge: Wang-Choi, Jeong 1AC- Kant Tricks |
| Blue Key | 3 | Opponent: Lexington JB | Judge: Datel, Amadea 1AC- Kant AFC Util Adv |
| Blue Key | 6 | Opponent: American Heritage NR | Judge: Das, Sreyaash 1AC- Kant |
| Blue Key | Finals | Opponent: Lexington BF | Judge: Panel 1AC- Stock |
| Churchill | 2 | Opponent: Cypress Woods CT | Judge: Okunlola, Nelson 1AC- Bataille |
| Churchill | 3 | Opponent: McNeil ARc | Judge: Fox, Patrick 1AC- Asteroid Mining |
| Churchill | 6 | Opponent: Westlake AC | Judge: Bukowsky, Holden 1AC- Hauntology |
| Emory | 1 | Opponent: Bronx Science NK | Judge: Ying, Derek 1AC- Heidigger |
| Emory | 3 | Opponent: Claudia Taylor AP | Judge: Clark-Villanueva, Leah 1AC- Contracts Space Wars Warming |
| Emory | 5 | Opponent: Carnegie Vanguard SR | Judge: Swift, Jefferey 1AC- Lunar Heritage |
| Emory | Doubles | Opponent: Saratoga AG | Judge: panel 1AC- China SBSP |
| Glenbrooks | 1 | Opponent: Harvard Westlake LD | Judge: Barquin, Joseph 1AC- US Inequality |
| Glenbrooks | 4 | Opponent: DTHS HV | Judge: Bukowsky, Holden 1AC- Berardi |
| Glenbrooks | 6 | Opponent: Peninsula CS | Judge: Chaudhary, Vishan 1AC- Hungary |
| Grapevine | 1 | Opponent: Westlake NB | Judge: Voudris, Stephan 1AC- Vaccines |
| Grapevine | 3 | Opponent: Cypress Woods AZ | Judge: Sun, Favian 1AC- Pandemics |
| Grapevine | 5 | Opponent: St Agnes EH | Judge: Quissenberry, Jack 1AC- Stock |
| Grapevine | Octas | Opponent: Plano East JN | Judge: Panel 1AC- Evergreening |
| Greenhill | 1 | Opponent: Little Rock MG | Judge: Lea, Gabrielle 1AC- Logistics |
| Greenhill | 4 | Opponent: DTHS HV | Judge: Karavadi, Sai 1AC- Cybernetics |
| Greenhill | 6 | Opponent: Immaculate Heart BC | Judge: McLoughlin, Sam 1AC- CRISPR |
| Harvard | 2 | Opponent: American Heritage MC | Judge: Krause, Lukas 1AC- Kant |
| Harvard | 3 | Opponent: Carnegie Vanguard SR | Judge: Zhong, Angela 1AC- Prag Tricks |
| Harvard | 6 | Opponent: Byram Hills AK | Judge: Das, Sreyash 1AC- Kant |
| Harvard | Triples | Opponent: Scarsdale KS | Judge: Panel 1AC- Deleuze |
| Harvard | 7 | Opponent: Lake Highland AVe | Judge: Palmer, Jackson 1AC- FALC |
| Harvard | Doubles | Opponent: Oxford VM | Judge: Panel 1AC- Lunar Mining |
| Harvard Westlake | 1 | Opponent: Immaculate Heart BC | Judge: Gedela, Tej 1AC- China |
| Harvard Westlake | 4 | Opponent: Orange Lutheran AZ | Judge: Mork, Alexandra 1AC- Cosmic Colonialism |
| Harvard Westlake | 6 | Opponent: Dwight Engelwood EK | Judge: Mizrahi, Lena 1AC- Mining |
| Harvard Westlake | Octas | Opponent: Westwood PM | Judge: Panel 1AC- India |
| Hello | 4 | Opponent: Hello | Judge: Hello Navigation |
| Hello | 3 | Opponent: Hello | Judge: Hello Contact Info |
| Longhorn Classic | 2 | Opponent: Westlake AK | Judge: Yoakum, Anastasia 1AC- Crip Failure |
| Longhorn Classic | 4 | Opponent: Westwood AC | Judge: Bukowsky, Holden 1AC- Pettit |
| Longhorn Classic | 6 | Opponent: San Mateo YR | Judge: Chao, Isaac 1AC- china |
| Longhorn Classic | Quarters | Opponent: Sage MP | Judge: Panel 1AC- China |
| Longhorn Classic | Octas | Opponent: Memorial SC | Judge: Panel 1AC- Kant |
| Loyola | 6 | Opponent: Immaculate Heart JL | Judge: Gedela, Tej 1AC- CRISPR |
| Loyola | Doubles | Opponent: Harrison AA | Judge: Panel 1AC- Insulin AC |
| Loyola | 3 | Opponent: Millard North YL | Judge: Bukowsky, Holden 1AC- Chinese Robotocism |
| Loyola | 2 | Opponent: Eden Prairie AG | Judge: Sinha, Abhinav 1AC- Virtue Ethics |
| NDCA | 1 | Opponent: Harvard Westlake MT | Judge: Aaron, Brianna 1AC- Mars Res Communis |
| NDCA | 6 | Opponent: Peninsula RM | Judge: Sims, John 1AC- Corporate Colonialism |
| NDCA | 4 | Opponent: Harker MK | Judge: Mcloughlin, Samantha 1AC - Mining |
| St Marks | 1 | Opponent: Wenatchee JK | Judge: Bukowsky, Holden 1AC- Syntehtic Biology |
| St Marks | 3 | Opponent: Aragon ZA | Judge: Dossani, Faizzan 1AC- Evergreening |
| St Marks | 5 | Opponent: Harker AS | Judge: Krauss, Gordon 1AC- Disease |
| TFA State | 2 | Opponent: Plano East AD | Judge: Cook, River 1AC- Stock |
| TFA State | 3 | Opponent: Clear Brook DM | Judge: Wilson, Avery 1AC- Islamaphobia |
| TFA State | 6 | Opponent: Claudia Taylor AP | Judge: Yoakum, Alex 1AC- Race War |
| Tournament of Champions | 1 | Opponent: Lexington AG | Judge: Robinson, Tajaih Concession |
| Tournament of Champions | 4 | Opponent: San Mateo YR | Judge: Moorehead, Matt 1AC- Lunar Heritage |
| Tournament of Champions | 5 | Opponent: Sidwell SW | Judge: Aaron, Brianna 1AC - Voice of a Woman |
| UNLV | 2 | Opponent: Harker RT | Judge: Levy, Lotem 1AC- Mining |
| UNLV | 4 | Opponent: Harvard Westlake EJ | Judge: Cook, River 1AC- Cap |
| UNLV | 6 | Opponent: South Eugene KS | Judge: Carmona, Denise 1AC- China |
| Valley | 1 | Opponent: American Heritage EM | Judge: terrible 1AC- Virtue |
| Valley | 6 | Opponent: Prospect ST | Judge: Lakshman, Rohit 1AC- |
| Valley | Doubles | Opponent: Princeton DR | Judge: Panel 1AC- Evergreening |
| Valley | Quarters | Opponent: Mission San Jose SS | Judge: Panel 1AC- Covid |
| Valley RR | 3 | Opponent: Lexington BF | Judge: Panel 1AC- Covid |
| Valley RR | Finals | Opponent: Murphy AW | Judge: panel 1AC- evergreening |
| Valley RR | Semis | Opponent: American Heritage EM | Judge: Panel 1AC- Virtue |
| Valley Round Robin | 2 | Opponent: Sequoia AS | Judge: Panel 1AC- Biocolonialism |
| debateLA Challenge | 1 | Opponent: Immaculate Heart BC | Judge: Panel 1AC- China |
| debateLA Challenge | 4 | Opponent: Westwood PM | Judge: Panel 1AC- India |
| debateLA Challenge | 5 | Opponent: Sage MP | Judge: Panel 1AC- LEO Space Constellations |
To modify or delete round reports, edit the associated round.
Cites
| Entry | Date |
|---|---|
0- Contact InfoTournament: Hello | Round: 3 | Opponent: Hello | Judge: Hello Contact Info: Facebook Messenger- Karan Shah Messenger and Text are the best bets If there is any way you would like me to accommodate your needs in any way before and during the round, just contact me! I'm happy to do so. Please tell me if there are any specific interps you would like me to meet before round (spikes on top, rob spec, etc.) Feel free to hmu if my wiki is acting up and there are some docs you can't access - I'll send them to you directly. Let me know any trigger warnings or pronouns before the round so we can make the debate as comfortable as possible for both of us. Good luck! | 10/30/21 |
0- NavigationTournament: Hello | Round: 4 | Opponent: Hello | Judge: Hello | 9/4/21 |
1- Misdisclosure vs Plano East ADTournament: TFA State | Round: 2 | Opponent: Plano East AD | Judge: Cook, River 1Interpretation: Debaters may not add change the advantage areas of the aff after they have disclosed what the advantage areas will be
Violation: They said there would be a warming advantage but replaced it with democraccyPrep skew – forces me to waste prep time to prep an aff that isnt the same. That incentivizes lying as a strategic tool which makes preparation impossible. Disclosing way before 30 min solves all your offense – if you needed more time then you should’ve waited – means no risk of shiftiness. Lying is an independent voter – mutual understanding is the basis for all norms of behavior in debateFairness is a voter – debate’s a game that needs rules to evaluate it and answers to it rely on the judge evaluating the argument fairlyNo RVIs – A - Forcing the 1NC to go all in on the shell kills substance education and neg strat which outweighs on timeframe, B - discourages checking real abuse which outweighs on norm-setting and constituvisim C - Encourages baiting – outweighs because if the shell is frivolous, they can beat it quickly D – its illogical for you to win for proving you were fair – outweighs since logic is a litmus test for other argumentsUse competing interpretations: a. Reasonability causes a race to the bottom with testing the limit of it b. Judge intervention shouldn’t be allowed bc it produces biasDrop the debater: for being abusive – we can’t restart the round from pre 1AC and I’m skewed for the rest of the debate. | 3/10/22 |
1-Broken Disclosure InterpsTournament: Loyola | Round: 2 | Opponent: Eden Prairie AG | Judge: Sinha, Abhinav Interp: Debaters must disclose round reports on the 2021-22 NDCA LD wiki for every round they have debated this season. Round reports disclose which positions (AC, NC, K, T, Theory, etc.) were read/gone for in every speech. | 12/4/21 |
1-Combo Shell v1Tournament: Grapevine | Round: Octas | Opponent: Plano East JN | Judge: Panel 2Interpretation: The affirmative may not claim 1AR theory is legit, its DTD, CI, no RVIs, and the highest layer of the roundViolation: UVInfinite Abuse - their norm justifies the affirmative auto winning every round since they can read 500 risk free 1AR shells with DTD and competing interps making it impossible for me to deflate or answer all of them. I can’t uplayer because it’s the highest layer of the round. Answering the argument doesn’t solve because you can read infinite of these paradigm issues in the 1ac making it impossible.Norming o/w: A~ It’s the constitutive purpose of theory debating B~ it’s a pre-requisite to actualizing any other voter like fairness or education | 9/12/21 |
1-Combo Shell v2Tournament: Harvard | Round: 6 | Opponent: Byram Hills AK | Judge: Das, Sreyash 1Interpretation – Debaters may not read that 1AR theory is drop the debater, no RVIs, Competing Interps and 1AR theory issues come before NC arguments.Violation – Their UV1~ Standards –a~ Infinite Abuse - They can read a theory shell that’s DTD/no RVI/CI that means their standard automatically comes before any 1NC standard since aff theory comes first, it also means it comes as the highest layer because I can’t weigh between other shells because the aff has the highest theory layer. So, if they read a shell that I violate in the 1AR I will lose because they have the highest layer, and I can’t get offense on that layer. Winning a CI on the 1AR shell doesn’t disprove our abuse story – any risk of offense on the highest layer under competing interps and a 3 minute 2AR on a shell makes it impossible to negate.b~ Clash – I can’t clash if I always lose, and I can’t offensively engage on the highest layer which destroys theoretical clash – strongest I/L to education because it’s the only form of unique education we get from debate.2~ Paradigm issues –a~ Vote neg on substance – a~ I was so skewed on substance so that I couldn’t win it b~ I couldn’t engage in the aff in the first placeb~ Fairness – its constitutive to debate as competitive activity that requires objective evaluation. Controls the I/L to education because you don’t learn from an already skewed round.c~ DTD – a~ deters future abuse b~ my strat has already been skewed so it’s the only way to rectify the abused~ Competing interps – a~ reasonability invites arbitrary judge intervention and a race to the bottom of questionable argumentation b~ reasonability collapses since brightlines operate on an offense-defense paradigme~ Norming outweighs – a~ constitutivism – it’s the intrinsic purpose of theory b~ magnitude – it’s the only out of round impact which link turns their arguments because they assume a good model of debatef~ No RVIs – a~ Forces the 1NC to go all-in on Theory which kills substance education, b~ Encourages Baiting since the 1AC will purposely be abusive, and c~ Illogical – you shouldn’t win for not being abusive.g~ No cross-apps, overviews, or aff meta theory – it’s how tricky debaters get away with abuse, force them to justify a CI.h~ Answering the spike doesn’t solve – it’s a matter of norming so possible in round responses doesn’t disprove the shell | 2/20/22 |
1-Evidence Ethics vs Byram Hills AKTournament: Harvard | Round: 6 | Opponent: Byram Hills AK | Judge: Das, Sreyash 3Interpretation: Debaters must correctly cite cards- to clarify they must have the correct author, date, and URLViolation: Vickers 14- if you go to the website provided, none of the phrases in the card exist and the article says it was first published in 2018 Standard is academic ethics – misciting a card –– means debaters can falsely cite their original articles so their opponents can’t go back and check them. Also allows debaters to manipulate evidence and leave out what contradicts with their arguments. Also means that they can make up evidence and randomly create a citation which is the most academically bankrupt thing.No RVI’s on ev ethics violations – you don’t win for proving that you were academically honest and that’s ridiculous. Saying "we meet" checks abuse. RVI’s bad, they deter from checking actual abuse and justify 100 apriori non inherent affs.Drop the debater: it’s academic misconduct that should disqualify any other argument they make from counting. Doing good on a test doesn’t matter if you cheated. That’s a side constraint on their fairness offense so even if they win a spike the shell outweighs.The 1AR will make appeals to reasonability or intention – reject them:1~ All our violations prove the aff is unreasonable and you should not believe any of their appeals.2~ Intent is irrelevant – we should be held accountable for the consequences of our actions. If they didn’t cut it it’s more egregious – they stole miscut cards from someone and clearly didn’t bother to check.3~ It makes reading unethical ev no cost – if they’re caught, they can go for other things, if they’re not caught they get to win on no cost ev3Interpretation: Debaters must correctly cite cards- to clarify they must have the correct author, date, and URLViolation: Vickers 14- if you go to the website provided, none of the phrases in the card exist and the article says it was first published in 2018 Standard is academic ethics – misciting a card –– means debaters can falsely cite their original articles so their opponents can’t go back and check them. Also allows debaters to manipulate evidence and leave out what contradicts with their arguments. Also means that they can make up evidence and randomly create a citation which is the most academically bankrupt thing.No RVI’s on ev ethics violations – you don’t win for proving that you were academically honest and that’s ridiculous. Saying "we meet" checks abuse. RVI’s bad, they deter from checking actual abuse and justify 100 apriori non inherent affs.Drop the debater: it’s academic misconduct that should disqualify any other argument they make from counting. Doing good on a test doesn’t matter if you cheated. That’s a side constraint on their fairness offense so even if they win a spike the shell outweighs.The 1AR will make appeals to reasonability or intention – reject them:1~ All our violations prove the aff is unreasonable and you should not believe any of their appeals.2~ Intent is irrelevant – we should be held accountable for the consequences of our actions. If they didn’t cut it it’s more egregious – they stole miscut cards from someone and clearly didn’t bother to check.3~ It makes reading unethical ev no cost – if they’re caught, they can go for other things, if they’re not caught they get to win on no cost ev | 2/20/22 |
1-Evidence Ethics vs Prospect STTournament: Valley | Round: 6 | Opponent: Prospect ST | Judge: Lakshman, Rohit 1Interpretation: Debaters must not end cards in the middle of a paragraph.Violation –the highlighted part is what they left out – Standard is academic ethics – ending the card in the middle of a paragraph is a voter –– misrepresents authors intent because paragraphs are how authors delineate arguments. Also allows debaters to manipulate evidence and strategically leave out what contradicts with their arguments – putting rest of the uncut paragraph in the doc solves all your offense unless your intent was to cheat which is even worse. Academic ethics is a voter and ow a) what we gain from debate means nothing if we’re academically dishonest and have no cred, b) the purpose of debate is to prepare debaters for the real world, and academic dishonesty is punished irl c) if they’re willing to be manipulate their evidence, be epistemically suspect of all of it d) turns case – its virtuous for you to concede after reading bad evidenceNo RVI’s on ev ethics violations – you don’t win for proving that you were academically honest and that’s ridiculous. Saying "we meet" checks abuse. RVI’s bad, they deter from checking actual abuse and justify 100 apriori non inherent affs.Drop the debater: it’s academic misconduct that should disqualify any other argument they make from counting. Doing good on a test doesn’t matter if you cheated. That’s a side constraint on their fairness offense so even if they win a spike the shell outweighs.The 1AR will make appeals to reasonability or intention – reject them:1~ All our violations prove the aff is unreasonable and you should not believe any of their appeals.2~ Intent is irrelevant – we should be held accountable for the consequences of our actions. If they didn’t cut it it’s more egregious – they stole miscut cards from someone and clearly didn’t bother to check.3~ It makes reading unethical ev no cost – if they’re caught, they can go for other things, if they’re not caught they get to win on no cost ev4~ Reject the team for deterrence – letting them win encourages the practice5~ Competing interps – reasonability’s arbitrary and collapses to an offense defense paradigm6~ Yes it’s against tournament procedures which outweighs on jurisdiction:Valley:They use NSDA rules:
NSDA says its against the rules and you should stop the round.
NSDA link if you want to verify–~Again dependent – go here to find — https://www.speechanddebate.org/wp-content/uploads/Debate-Evidence-Guide.pdf~~ | 9/26/21 |
1-Indexicals BadTournament: Blue Key | Round: 6 | Opponent: American Heritage NR | Judge: Das, Sreyaash 1Interp: The affirmative debater may not claim that each subject’s ethicality arises from their own affective relations indexed to themselves. To clarify, indexicals is bad.Violation – their framework says that in impact calc 2Negate:~1~ infinite abuse – there are infinite potential indexes that could affirm including descriptive standards that are impossible to turn and allowing them to win if they affirm under any index makes it impossible to negate –strongest internal link to fairness since one side wins every round.~2~ accessibility – indexicals justifies horrible things, i.e. if the resolution was "slavery ought to be reinstated," under a certain index, that would affirm such as "consistency with reinstating slavery," which means they can justify literally any reprehensible action. That’s an independent voter since they make debate unsafe and accessibility is a prior question to being able to debate. It’s also false – a~ generation an obligation requires an absolute obligation that justifies following it b~ we can have indexes that negate which nonuniques their offense since you need to prove it 100 true.Fairness – debate is a competitive activity that requires fairness for objective evaluation.Drop the debater – a~ deter future abuse and b~ set better norms for debate.CA- CI from the affNo RVIs –a~ illogical, you don’t win for proving that you meet the burden of being fair, logic outweighs since it’s a prerequisite for evaluating any other argument,b~ norming – I can’t concede the counterinterp if I realize I’m wrong which forces me to argue for bad norms,c~ baiting – incentivizes good debaters to be abusive, bait theory, then collapse to the 1AR RVI,d~ topic ed – prevents 1AR blipstorm scripts and allows us to get back to substance after resolving theory.E~ flex overcompensates on the RVI since there’s no brightline to how much is enough – 1AR theory solves rather than an RVIF~ aff has unique routes like condo – also didn’t read T. | 10/30/21 |
1-JF-Must Spec Outer SpaceTournament: Churchill | Round: 3 | Opponent: McNeil ARc | Judge: Fox, Patrick 1Interp: The affirmative must define "outer space" in a delimited text in the 1AC."Outer Space" is flexible and has too many interps – normal means shows no consensusLeepuengtham 17 ~Tosaporn Leepuengtham (Research Judge, Intellectual Property and International Trade Division, Supreme Court of Thailand). "International space law and its implications for outer space activities." 01-27-2017, Accessed 12-9-2021. https://www.elgaronline.com/view/9781785369612/06'chapter1.xhtml duongie AND of space technology, this problem is worth considering now rather than later. Violation – you don’t.Prefer –1~ Stable Advocacy – they can redefine in the 1AR to wriggle out of DA’s which kills high-quality engagement and becomes two ships passing in the night –We lose access to Tech Race DA’s, Asteroid DA’s, basic case turns, and core process counter plans that have different definitions and 1NC pre-round prep.2~ Real World – Policy makers will always define the space that they are regulating. It also means zero solvency, absent spec, private entities can circumvent since there is no delineated way to enforce the aff and means their solvency can’t actualize.Fairness is a voter debate is a competitive activity that requires objective evaluationTopicality is a voting issue that should be evaluated through competing interpretations a~ it tells the negative what they do and do not have to prepare for b~ reasonability is arbitrary and incentivizes judge interventionNo RVIs—a~ it’s your burden to be topical. Anything else chills real abuse b~ forces theory debaters to bait theory and win on it every time | 1/13/22 |
1-JF-T Appropriation vs LEO ConstellationsTournament: debateLA Challenge | Round: 5 | Opponent: Sage MP | Judge: Panel 1Interpretation: "Appropriation of outer space" by private entities refers to the exercise of exclusive control of space.TIMOTHY JUSTIN TRAPP, JD Candidate @ UIUC Law, ’13, TAKING UP SPACE BY ANY OTHER MEANS: COMING TO TERMS WITH THE NONAPPROPRIATION ARTICLE OF THE OUTER SPACE TREATY UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS LAW REVIEW ~Vol. 2013 No. 4~ AND the Bogotá Declaration were trying to accomplish, albeit through different means.219 Violation: They spec large constellations- banning those violates because they don’t exercise exclusive control or use over space, and limit other entities access.Standards:Limits and ground: Limits and ground: the aff interpretation explodes the topic to allow any aff about something harmful in space which structurally alters the neg research burden because there’s a qualitative difference between property rights and things in space being bad. That alters neg ground because it means the aff can defend trivial middle grounds that go beyond just exclusive appropriation unbalancing the topic.Precision o/w – anything else justifies the aff arbitrarily jettisoning words in the resolution at their whim which decks negative ground and preparation because the aff is no longer bounded by the resolution.Use competing interps - Topicality is a binary question, you can’t be reasonably topicalNo Rvis – they’ll just bait theory and prep it out; illogical – you shouldn’t win for being fair | 1/14/22 |
1-JF-T Must Not Spec NationTournament: debateLA Challenge | Round: 1 | Opponent: Immaculate Heart BC | Judge: Panel 1Interpretation: "Private entities" is a generic bare plural. The aff may not defend that a subset of nations ban the appropriation of outer space.Nebel 19. ~Jake Nebel is an assistant professor of philosophy at the University of Southern California and executive director of Victory Briefs. He writes a lot of this stuff lol – duh.~ "Genericity on the Standardized Tests Resolution." Vbriefly. August 12, 2019. https://www.vbriefly.com/2019/08/12/genericity-on-the-standardized-tests-resolution/?fbclid=IwAR0hUkKdDzHWrNeqEVI7m59pwsnmqLl490n4uRLQTe7bWmWDO'avWCNzi14 TG AND "colleges and universities" is generic rather than existential in the resolution. It applies to "private entities" – 1~ upward entailment test – "appropriation of outer space by private entities is unjust" doesn’t entail that all entities ought to ban private entities because public entities don’t, 2~ adverb test – adding "generally" to the res doesn’t substantially change its meaning because a ban is universal.Precision o/w – anything else justifies the aff arbitrarily jettisoning words in the resolution at their whim which decks negative ground and preparation because the aff is no longer bounded by the resolution.Violation – They specified ChinaStandards:1~ Limits and ground – their model allows affs to defend any combination of private entities in any countries which explodes negative burden and causes random affs every tournament 2~ TVA solves: Read the plan as an advantage under a whole rez – PICs don’t solve because potential neg abuse doesn’t justify aff abuseFairness is a voter – debate’s a game that needs rules to evaluate it and answers to it rely on the judge evaluating the argument fairlyNo RVIs: a. Chills theory – If people know they might lose for reading theory, it will disincentivize them. b. You don’t get to win by being fair. c. Theory Baiting – good theory debaters will bait people into reading theory against certain cases. T link turns 1AR theory – proves the aff forced me to be abusiveUse competing interpretations: a. Reasonability causes a race to the bottom with testing the limit of it b. Judge intervention shouldn’t be allowed bc it produces bias c. Uniquely, use competing interps on T – you can’t be reasonably topicalDrop the debater: for being abusive – we can’t restart the round from the 1AC and I’m skewed for the rest of the debate. | 1/13/22 |
1-JF-T UnjustTournament: Harvard | Round: 7 | Opponent: Lake Highland AVe | Judge: Palmer, Jackson 11~ Interp – Unjust refers to a negative action – it means contrary.Black Laws No Date "What is Unjust?" https://thelawdictionary.org/unjust/ Elmer 2~ Violation – The Aff is a positive action – it creates a new concept for Space i.e. the treating of Space as a "Global Commons".3~ Standards –a~ Limits – making the topic bi-directional explodes predictability – it means that Aff’s can both increase non-exist property regimes in space AND decrease appropriation by private actors – makes the topic untenable.b~ Ground – wrecks Neg Generics – we can’t say appropriation good since the 1AC can create new views on Outer Space Property Rights that circumvent our Links since they can say "Global Commons" approach solves.4~ TVA – just defend that space appropriation is bad.a~ Topicality is Drop the Debater – it’s a fundamental baseline for debate-ability.b~ Use Competing Interps – 1~ Topicality is a yes/no question, you can’t be reasonably topical and 2~ Reasonability invites arbitrary judge intervention and a race to the bottom of questionable argumentation.c~ No RVI’s - 1~ Forces the 1NC to go all-in on Theory which kills substance education, 2~ Encourages Baiting since the 1AC will purposely be abusive, and 3~ Illogical – you shouldn’t win for not being abusive. | 2/21/22 |
1-JF-T-Appropriation vs MiningTournament: NDCA | Round: 4 | Opponent: Harker MK | Judge: Mcloughlin, Samantha 1Interpretation: Appropriation refers to sovereign claims of land.Melissa J. Durkee 19, J. Alton Hosch Associate Professor of Law, University of Georgia, "Interstitial Space Law," Washington University Law Review 97, no. 2 423-482 AND , they have no power to confer those rights on their nationals.184 Violation: they only defend asteroid mining which is extraction – those are distinct – prefer rigorous legal analysis. This card is so good it ends the debate.Wrench 19 – John grew up outside of Ithaca, New York, and received his law degree from the Case Western Reserve University School of Law in 2019. During law school, he served as editor in chief of the Case Western Reserve Journal of International Law and was a member of the Federalist Society. John interned in his law school’s First Amendment Litigation Clinic and was a judicial extern to the Honorable Paul E. Davison in the Southern District of New York. John graduated from Pace University in 2015 with a Bachelor of Arts in Philosophy and Religious Studies. 2019. ~Case Western Reserve Journal of International Law, " Non-Appropriation, No Problem: The Outer Space Treaty Is Ready for Asteroid Mining," https://scholarlycommons.law.case.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2546andcontext=jil~~ Justin AND property rights in resources independent from land-ownership, while promoting beneficial use Standards:1~ Precision outweighs – non-topical affs violate tournament rules so the judge doesn’t have the jurisdiction to vote on them and it controls the internal to pragmatic offense in a question of models because it decks predictable stasis.2~ Limits – allowing extraction to equate to sovereign claims explodes limits by shifting the debate away from sovereign claims to celestial bodies to permutations of parts of celestial bodies that companies could extract – leads to unbeatable affs that just ban extraction of one resource which the neg can’t ever predict. Forcing the affirmative to defend sovereign claims to celestial bodies is net better.3~ TVA – defend an aff that bans sovereign claims to celestial bodies – solves your offense since you still get property rights fight offense.CI- A~ Reasonability is arbitrary since we don't know your BS meter until the 1AR which invites judge intervention B~ Collapses since it uses an offense/defense paradigm to win it C) it creates a race to the top where we create the best possible norms for debate.No RVIs/Impact turns- A~ Illogical- you don't win for being fair B~ Baiting- encourages baiting theory which proliferates abuse C~ Chilling effect- chills checking abuse for fear of the RVI D~ Exclusions inevitable- neg has burden of rejoinder which means we inevitably have to exclude parts of the aff. | 4/11/22 |
1-JF-T-Equipment vs Lunar HeritageTournament: Tournament of Champions | Round: 4 | Opponent: San Mateo YR | Judge: Moorehead, Matt 1Interpretation – the affirmative must defend the appropriation of outer space is unjust. To clarify – that means celestial bodies.The OST proves there is a distinction between outer space which explicitly refers to celestial bodies and equipment1AC Hertzfelld and Pace 13 Hertzfeld, Henry (professor Space Policy Institute, Elliott School of International Affairs, The George Washington University), and Scott N. Pace. "International cooperation on human lunar heritage." Science 342.6162 (2013): 1049-1050. AND on time or the amount of damage a nation may have to pay. Violation – appropriation of celestial bodies excludes usage of equipment, stations, facilities, etc.UNOOSA ~United Nations Office for Outer Space Affair. "2222 (XXI). Treaty on Principles Governing the Activities of States in the Exploration and Use of Outer Space, including the Moon and Other Celestial Bodies." https://www.unoosa.org/oosa/en/ourwork/spacelaw/treaties/outerspacetreaty.html~~ Justin AND and to avoid interference with normal operations in the facility to be visited. 1~ precision – the counter-interp justifies them arbitrarily doing away with random words in the resolution which decks negative ground and preparation because the aff is no longer bounded by the resolution. Independent voter for jurisdiction – the judge doesn’t have the jurisdiction to vote aff if there wasn’t a legitimate aff.2~ Limits – allowing equipment to equate to appropriation of celestial bodies explodes limits by shifting the debate to an infinite amount of equipment like telescopes or rovers that companies could place on the moon – leads to unbeatable and an infinite permutation of affs that just ban one type of equipment which the neg can’t ever predict.3~ TVA – just defend sovereign claims of the moon are bad.5~ Paradigm Issues –a~ Topicality is Drop the Debater – it’s a fundamental baseline for debate-ability.b~ Use Competing Interps – 1~ Topicality is a yes/no question, you can’t be reasonably topical and 2~ Reasonability invites arbitrary judge intervention and a race to the bottom of questionable argumentation.c~ No RVI’s - 1~ Forces the 1NC to go all-in on Theory which kills substance education, 2~ Encourages Baiting since the 1AC will purposely be abusive, and 3~ Illogical – you shouldn’t win for not being abusive.1Interpretation – the affirmative must defend the appropriation of outer space is unjust. To clarify – that means celestial bodies.The OST proves there is a distinction between outer space which explicitly refers to celestial bodies and equipment1AC Hertzfelld and Pace 13 Hertzfeld, Henry (professor Space Policy Institute, Elliott School of International Affairs, The George Washington University), and Scott N. Pace. "International cooperation on human lunar heritage." Science 342.6162 (2013): 1049-1050. AND on time or the amount of damage a nation may have to pay. Violation – appropriation of celestial bodies excludes usage of equipment, stations, facilities, etc.UNOOSA ~United Nations Office for Outer Space Affair. "2222 (XXI). Treaty on Principles Governing the Activities of States in the Exploration and Use of Outer Space, including the Moon and Other Celestial Bodies." https://www.unoosa.org/oosa/en/ourwork/spacelaw/treaties/outerspacetreaty.html~~ Justin AND and to avoid interference with normal operations in the facility to be visited. 1~ precision – the counter-interp justifies them arbitrarily doing away with random words in the resolution which decks negative ground and preparation because the aff is no longer bounded by the resolution. Independent voter for jurisdiction – the judge doesn’t have the jurisdiction to vote aff if there wasn’t a legitimate aff.2~ Limits – allowing equipment to equate to appropriation of celestial bodies explodes limits by shifting the debate to an infinite amount of equipment like telescopes or rovers that companies could place on the moon – leads to unbeatable and an infinite permutation of affs that just ban one type of equipment which the neg can’t ever predict.3~ TVA – just defend sovereign claims of the moon are bad.5~ Paradigm Issues –a~ Topicality is Drop the Debater – it’s a fundamental baseline for debate-ability.b~ Use Competing Interps – 1~ Topicality is a yes/no question, you can’t be reasonably topical and 2~ Reasonability invites arbitrary judge intervention and a race to the bottom of questionable argumentation.c~ No RVI’s - 1~ Forces the 1NC to go all-in on Theory which kills substance education, 2~ Encourages Baiting since the 1AC will purposely be abusive, and 3~ Illogical – you shouldn’t win for not being abusive. | 4/24/22 |
1-JF-T-Must Not Spec AppropriationTournament: NDCA | Round: 1 | Opponent: Harvard Westlake MT | Judge: Aaron, Brianna 2Interpretation: Debaters may not specify a part of outer space where private entities appropriation is unjustViolation: they spec marsLimits: They can spec an infinite number of celestial bodies, every plan, each comet, and infinite permutations of them – explodes neg prep and makes it impossible to engage in the aff turns any 1ar clash standard.TVA Solves- read a whole res aff with a mars advantage | 4/9/22 |
1-JF-T-Private Entities vs Res CommunisTournament: NDCA | Round: 1 | Opponent: Harvard Westlake MT | Judge: Aaron, Brianna 1Interpretation: Debaters must defend the appropriation of outer space by PRIVATE ENTITIES is unjust. To clarify, they may not influence public entities.Violation – Legal Precedent dictates that a Res Communis principle applies to Public Entities.Oxford Reference. ~Oxford Reference. "Res Communis." https://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/oi/authority.20110803100408305~~ Justin AND XVI), and 1884 (XVIII). See common heritage of mankind principle. Plan text in a vacuum is a useless guideline since words are contextually defined based on function – the only basis should be if the implementation of the plan as per their 1AC solvency evidence follows the topic's intent – anything else allows the 1AR to recontextualize what they defend forcing the 1NC to predict infinite spin since they're not tied to their evidence.Standards1~ Precision—they justify doing away with random words because the aff is no longer bounded by the resolution which decks predictability. Independent voter for jurisdiction—the judge can't vote aff if there wasn't a legitimate aff.2~ Limits—tangentially related affs are unpredictable and infinite because there's no stasis to the resolution—exacerbated by 195 governments and permutations. Two impacts: A~ Kills neg prep and ground because they can spike out of links by defending governments and create infinite prep burdens of unpredictable affs—exacerbated by infinite preround prep. B~ They inflate aff solvency by allowing a laundry list of external actions that private entities can't do like government mission, NASA operations, testing ASATs, and more because private entities are qualitatively different. That impossible to negate because generics are beaten by overpowered affs.3~ TVA – defend only private entities – solves your offense. Drop the debater to deter future abuse.CI- A~ Reasonability is arbitrary since we don't know your BS meter until the 1AR which invites judge intervention B~ Collapses since it uses an offense/defense paradigm to win itNo RVIs/Impact turns- A~ Illogical- you don't win for being fair B~ Baiting- encourages baiting theory which proliferates abuse C~ Chilling effect- chills checking abuse for fear of the RVI D~ Exclusions inevitable- neg has burden of rejoinder which means we inevitably have to exclude parts of the aff. | 4/9/22 |
1-Misdisclosure vs San Mateo YRTournament: Longhorn Classic | Round: 6 | Opponent: San Mateo YR | Judge: Chao, Isaac 2Interpretation: Debaters may not add changes to the aff after they have disclosed the aff and the sppecific version of what it will beViolation: you said v3 which doesn’t have a FW but you added one this round Prep skew – forces me to waste prep time to prep an aff that isnt the same. That incentivizes lying as a strategic tool which makes preparation impossible. Disclosing way before 30 min solves all your offense – if you needed more time then you should’ve waited – means no risk of shiftiness. Lying is an independent voter – mutual understanding is the basis for all norms of behavior in debate | 12/5/21 |
1-Misdisclosure vs Westwood PMTournament: debateLA Challenge | Round: 4 | Opponent: Westwood PM | Judge: Panel 1Interpretation: Debaters may not add changes to the aff after they have disclosed the aff and the sppecific version of what it will be Violation: you said no new impacts compared to the doc you sent me, but first ss shows you added indo-china warPrep skew – forces me to waste prep time to prep an aff that isnt the same. That incentivizes lying as a strategic tool which makes preparation impossible. Disclosing way before 30 min solves all your offense – if you needed more time then you should’ve waited – means no risk of shiftiness. Lying is an independent voter – mutual understanding is the basis for all norms of behavior in debateFairness is a voter – debate’s a game that needs rules to evaluate it and answers to it rely on the judge evaluating the argument fairlyNo RVIs – A - Forcing the 1NC to go all in on the shell kills substance education and neg strat which outweighs on timeframe, B - discourages checking real abuse which outweighs on norm-setting and constituvisim C - Encourages baiting – outweighs because if the shell is frivolous, they can beat it quickly D – its illogical for you to win for proving you were fair – outweighs since logic is a litmus test for other argumentsUse competing interpretations: a. Reasonability causes a race to the bottom with testing the limit of it b. Judge intervention shouldn’t be allowed bc it produces biasDrop the debater: for being abusive – we can’t restart the round from pre 1AC and I’m skewed for the rest of the debate. | 1/14/22 |
1-Must Have All Evidence in Cut Card FormatTournament: Harvard | Round: 6 | Opponent: Byram Hills AK | Judge: Das, Sreyash 2Interpretation: Debaters must present all evidence in cut card format- to clarify all evidence needs to have a URL, author, and quote verbatim what the author says within the speech it is introduced in.Violation: 2A in the UVStandards1~ Evidence ethics- debaters can just make up evidence without a URL or author to back it, or they can misrepresent such evidence because its unverifiable what the author actually said. Academic ethics is a voter and ow a) what we gain from debate means nothing if we’re academically dishonest and have no cred, b) the purpose of debate is to prepare debaters for the real world, and academic dishonesty is punished irl c) if they’re willing to be manipulate their evidence, be epistemically suspect of all of it2~ Prep skew- I have to waste 1NC prep time to search up the definition and generate arguments against it, which kills 1NC strat and clash and means I’ll always be behind | 2/20/22 |
1-ND-T-ATournament: Glenbrooks | Round: 1 | Opponent: Harvard Westlake LD | Judge: Barquin, Joseph 1Interpretation: The affirmative may not specify a just government in which a right to strike ought to be recognized"A" is an indefinite article that modifies "just governmnt" in the res – means that you have to prove the resolution true in a VACCUM, not in a particular instanceCCC ("Articles, Determiners, and Quantifiers", http://grammar.ccc.commnet.edu/grammar/determiners/determiners.htm~~#articles, Capital Community College Foundation, a nonprofit 501 c-3 organization that supports scholarships, faculty development, and curriculum innovation) LHSLA JC/SJ AND the former (see beagle sentence) refers to all members of that class Violation: they spec ~x~Standards:~1~ precision – the counter-interp justifies them arbitrarily doing away with random words in the resolution which decks negative ground and preparation because the aff is no longer bounded by the resolution. Independent voter for jurisdiction – the judge doesn’t have the jurisdiction to vote aff if there wasn’t a legitimate aff.~2~ limits – the UN says there are 195 national governments but even that’s not an agreed upon brightline – explodes limits since there are tons of independent affs plus functionally infinite combinations, all with different advantages in different political situations. Kills neg prep and debatability since there are no DAs that apply to every aff – i.e. factors that affect labor shortages or unions in the US are different than in China – means the aff is always more prepared and wins just for speccing.~3~ tva – just read your aff as an advantage under a whole res advocacy, solves all ur offense- Potential abuse doesn’t permit 1AC abuse – allows you to be infinitely abusive in the 1AC-– if the neg doesn’t have specific prep, they’ll resort to cheaty word PICs which are net worseFairness – debate is a competitive activity that requires fairness for objective evaluation. Outweighs because it’s the only intrinsic part of debate – all other rules can be debated over but rely on some conception of fairness to be justified.Drop the debater – a~ deter future abuse and b~ set better norms for debate.Competing interps – ~a~ reasonability is arbitrary and encourages judge intervention since there’s no clear norm, ~b~ it creates a race to the top where we create the best possible norms for debate.No RVIs – a~ illogical, you don’t win for proving that you meet the burden of being fair, logic outweighs since it’s a prerequisite for evaluating any other argument, b~ RVIs incentivize baiting theory and prepping it out which leads to maximally abusive practices | 11/20/21 |
1-ND-T-A v2Tournament: Glenbrooks | Round: 6 | Opponent: Peninsula CS | Judge: Chaudhary, Vishan 1Interpretation: The affirmative may not specify a just government in which a right to strike ought to be recognized"A" is an indefinite article that modifies "just governmnt" in the res – means that you have to prove the resolution true in a VACCUM, not in a particular instanceCCC ("Articles, Determiners, and Quantifiers", http://grammar.ccc.commnet.edu/grammar/determiners/determiners.htm~~#articles, Capital Community College Foundation, a nonprofit 501 c-3 organization that supports scholarships, faculty development, and curriculum innovation) LHSLA JC/SJ AND the former (see beagle sentence) refers to all members of that class Violation: they spec ~Hungary~Standards:~1~ precision – the counter-interp justifies them arbitrarily doing away with random words in the resolution which decks negative ground and preparation because the aff is no longer bounded by the resolution. Independent voter for jurisdiction – the judge doesn’t have the jurisdiction to vote aff if there wasn’t a legitimate aff.~2~ limits – the UN says there are 195 national governments but even that’s not an agreed upon brightline – explodes limits since there are tons of independent affs plus functionally infinite combinations, all with different advantages in different political situations. Kills neg prep and debatability since there are no DAs that apply to every aff – i.e. factors that affect labor shortages or unions in the US are different than in China – means the aff is always more prepared and wins just for speccing. There’s been China, Hungary, EU, Kazakhstan, US, India, Egypt and this is the first major tournament of the topic.~3~ tva – just read your aff as an advantage under a whole res advocacy, solves all ur offense- Potential abuse doesn’t permit 1AC abuse – allows you to be infinitely abusive in the 1AC-– if the neg doesn’t have specific prep, they’ll resort to cheaty word PICs which are net worseFairness – debate is a competitive activity that requires fairness for objective evaluation. Outweighs because it’s the only intrinsic part of debate – all other rules can be debated over but rely on some conception of fairness to be justified.Drop the debater – a~ deter future abuse and b~ set better norms for debate.Competing interps – ~a~ reasonability is arbitrary and encourages judge intervention since there’s no clear norm, ~b~ it creates a race to the top where we create the best possible norms for debate.No RVIs – a~ illogical, you don’t win for proving that you meet the burden of being fair, logic outweighs since it’s a prerequisite for evaluating any other argument, b~ RVIs incentivize baiting theory and prepping it out which leads to maximally abusive practices | 11/21/21 |
1-ND-T-A v3Tournament: Longhorn Classic | Round: 6 | Opponent: San Mateo YR | Judge: Chao, Isaac 1Interpretation: The affirmative may not specify a just government in which a right to strike ought to be recognized"A" is an indefinite article that modifies "just governmnt" in the res – means that you have to prove the resolution true in a VACCUM, not in a particular instanceCCC ("Articles, Determiners, and Quantifiers", http://grammar.ccc.commnet.edu/grammar/determiners/determiners.htm~~#articles, Capital Community College Foundation, a nonprofit 501 c-3 organization that supports scholarships, faculty development, and curriculum innovation) LHSLA JC/SJ AND the former (see beagle sentence) refers to all members of that class Violation: they spec ~x~Standards:~1~ precision – the counter-interp justifies them arbitrarily doing away with random words in the resolution which decks negative ground and preparation because the aff is no longer bounded by the resolution. Independent voter for jurisdiction – the judge doesn’t have the jurisdiction to vote aff if there wasn’t a legitimate aff.~2~ limits – the UN says there are 195 national governments but even that’s not an agreed upon brightline – explodes limits since there are tons of independent affs plus functionally infinite combinations, all with different advantages in different political situations. Kills neg prep and debatability since there are no DAs that apply to every aff – i.e. factors that affect labor shortages or unions in the US are different than in China – means the aff is always more prepared and wins just for speccing. There’s been China, Hungary, EU, Kazakhstan, US, India, UK, Egypt, Germany, Brazil, etc.~3~ tva – just read your aff as an advantage under a whole res advocacy, solves all ur offense- Potential abuse doesn’t permit 1AC abuse – allows you to be infinitely abusive in the 1AC-– if the neg doesn’t have specific prep, they’ll resort to cheaty word PICs which are net worseFairness – debate is a competitive activity that requires fairness for objective evaluation. Outweighs because it’s the only intrinsic part of debate – all other rules can be debated over but rely on some conception of fairness to be justified.Drop the debater – a~ deter future abuse and b~ set better norms for debate.Competing interps – ~a~ reasonability is arbitrary and encourages judge intervention since there’s no clear norm, ~b~ it creates a race to the top where we create the best possible norms for debate.No RVIs – A - Forcing the 1NC to go all in on the shell kills substance education and neg strat which outweighs on timeframe, B - discourages checking real abuse which outweighs on norm-setting and constituvisim C - Encourages baiting – outweighs because if the shell is frivolous, they can beat it quickly D – its illogical for you to win for proving you were fair – outweighs since logic is a litmus test for other arguments1NC theory first - 1~ Abuse was self-inflicted- They started the chain of abuse and forced me down this strategy 2~ Norming- We have more speeches to norm over whether it’s a good idea 3~ It was introduced first so it comes lexically prior.Reasonability on 1AR shells – 1AR theory is very aff-biased because the 2AR gets to line-by-line every 2NR standard with new answers that never get responded to– reasonability checks 2AR sandbagging by preventing really abusive 1NCs.DTA on 1AR shells - They can blow up a blippy 20 second shell to 3 min of the 2AR while I have to split my time and can’t preempt 2AR spinNo new theory paradigm issues in 1ar A~ the 1NC has already occurred with current paradigm issues in mind so new 1ar paradigms moot any theoretical offense B~ introducing them in the aff allows for them to be more rigorously tested which o/w’s on time frame since we can set higher quality norms. | 12/5/21 |
1-New Affs BadTournament: Emory | Round: Doubles | Opponent: Saratoga AG | Judge: panel 1Interpretation: New, un-disclosed, non-open sourced, non-cites disclosed affs are a voting issue – Violation is the ss- no plan text disclosed
Testing – they make it impossible to adequately test the aff without adequate pre-round prep – favors newness over engagement – disclosure solves their offense – you can break new affs, you just have to disclose the plan text personally or disclose it on the wiki before roundNegative ground – they make negative ground concessionary to the goodwill of the aff and results in extremist generics that heavily skew ground in favor of the affTheir model incentives new over good affs that can easily be beaten back with 30 minutes of prep- turns their innovation and critical thinking argumentsFairness is a voter- equal access is necessary prereq to any other voter | 1/30/22 |
1-New Affs Bad v2Tournament: Harvard | Round: 2 | Opponent: American Heritage MC | Judge: Krause, Lukas 1Interpretation—the affirmative debater must disclose the plan text and framing to the negative debater 30 minutes before the round. To clarify, disclosure can occur on the wiki or over message.Violation—they didn’t
Vote neg for prep and clash—two internal links—a) neg prep—4 minutes of prep is not enough to put together a coherent 1nc or update generics—30 minutes is necessary to learn a little about the affirmative and piece together what 1nc positions apply and cut and research their applications to the affirmative b) aff quality—plan text disclosure discourages cheap shot affs. If the aff isn’t inherent or easily defeated by 20 minutes of research, it should lose—this will answer the 1ar’s claim about innovation—with 30 minutes of prep, there’s still an incentive to find a new strategic, well justified aff, but no incentive to cut a horrible, incoherent aff that the neg can’t check against the broader literature.Fairness – debate is a competitive activity that requires fairness for objective evaluation. Outweighs because it’s the only intrinsic part of debate – all other rules can be debated over but rely on some conception of fairness to be justified.Drop the debater – a~ deter future abuse and b~ set better norms for debate.Competing interps – ~a~ reasonability is arbitrary and encourages judge intervention since there’s no clear norm, ~b~ it creates a race to the top where we create the best possible norms for debate.No RVIs – a~ illogical, you don’t win for proving that you meet the burden of being fair, logic outweighs since it’s a prerequisite for evaluating any other argument, b~ RVIs incentivize baiting theory and prepping it out which leads to maximally abusive practicesEvaluate the theory debate after the 2nr- key to reciprocity because we both have 2 speeches on theoryNC theory first 1~ They started the chain of abuse and forced me down this strategy 2~ We have more speeches to norm over it 3~ It was introduced first so it’s lexically prior.Neg abuse outweighs aff abuse 1~ Infinite prep before round to frontline 2~ 2AR judge psychology 3~ 1st and last speech 4~ Infinite perms and uplayering in the 1AR.No new 1ar theory paradigm issues 1~ New 1ar paradigms moot 1NC offense 2~ Introducing them in the aff allows for rigorous testingReasonability on 1AR shells/IVIs – 1AR theory is aff-biased because the 2AR gets to line-by-line every 2NR standard with new answers that don’t get responded toDTA on 1AR shells/IVIs – they can blow up blippy shells in the 2AR but I have to split time and can’t preempt the 2AR which causes intervention and makes it irresolvable so don’t stake the round on itRVIs on 1AR theory/IVIs – 1AR being able to spend 20 seconds on a shell and still win forces at least 2:30 on the shell so RVIs check time skew | 2/20/22 |
1-SO-Must Spec EnforcementTournament: Greenhill | Round: 4 | Opponent: DTHS HV | Judge: Karavadi, Sai 1Interpretation: affirmative debaters must delineate their enforcement mechanism by which they reduce in the 1AC.There is no normal means since terms are negotiated contextually among member states. AND , for example, influence a country’s policy by threatening to withhold credit. Negate: 1~ Shiftiness- they can redefine what measure of reduction the 1ac defends in the 1ar which decks strategy and allows them to wriggle out of negative positions which strips the neg of specific politics DAs, process CPs, innovation DAs and case answers. They will always win on specificity weighing. CX can’t resolve this and is bad because A~ Not flowed B~ Skews 6 min of prep C~ They can lie and no way to check D~ Debaters can be shady. 2~ Real World- policy makers will always specify what the object of change is. That outweighs since debate has no value without portable application. It also means zero solvency since the WTO, absent spec, can circumvent aff’s policy since they can say they didn’t know how to enforce it. This spec shell isn’t regressive- it literally determines how the affirmative implements and who it affects Fairness is an impact – 1~ probability – your ballot can’t solve their impacts but it can solve mine – debate can’t alter subjectivity, but can rectify skews in this round 2~ internal link turns every impact – a limited topic promotes in-depth research and engagement which is necessary to access all of their education 3~ comes before substance – deciding any other argument in this debate cannot be disentangled from our inability to prepare for it – any argument you think they’re winning is a link, not a reason to vote for them, since it’s just as likely that they’re winning it because we weren’t able to effectively prepare to defeat it. This means they don’t get to weigh the aff and proves you should be epistemically suspect of their truth claims. No impact turns or RVIs ~1~ Perfcon – if T’s bad and you vote for them on that arg, you’re voting on T. ~2~ Substance – if T’s bad then we should try debating on substance – impact turns force me to go for T since I need to defend my position. Theory is competing interps – a) reasonability is arbitrary and so is any brightline they set, b) norming – competing interps causes a race to the top where we find the best possible norm for debate instead of setting a brightline and testing how abusive we can be without violating. Drop the debater on T – a) indicts the aff advocacy so drop the argument would be dropping the aff anyways, b) deter future abuse and set good norms. | 9/19/21 |
1-SO-Must Spec IPTournament: Loyola | Round: 2 | Opponent: Eden Prairie AG | Judge: Sinha, Abhinav 1Interpretation: affirmative debaters must delineate what intellectual property they reduce in the 1AC.Four types of IP that are vastly different.Ackerman 17 ~Peter; Founder and CEO, Innovation Asset Group, Inc; "The 4 Main Types of Intellectual Property and Related Costs," Decipher; 1/6/17; https://www.innovation-asset.com/blog/the-4-main-types-of-intellectual-property-and-related-costs~~ Justin AND weigh the competitive significance of your secrets against the cost of protecting them. Violation:Negate:1~ Shiftiness- they can redefine what intellectual properties the 1ac defends in the 1ar which decks strategy and allows them to wriggle out of negative positions which strips the neg of specific IP DAs, IP PICs, and case answers. They will always win on specificity weighing.CX can’t resolve this and is bad because A~ Not flowed B~ Skews 6 min of prep C~ They can lie and no way to check D~ Debaters can be shady.2~ Real World- policy makers will always specify what the object of change is. That outweighs since debate has no value without portable application. It also means zero solvency since the WTO, absent spec, can circumvent aff’s policy since they can say they didn’t know what was affected.This spec shell isn’t regressive- it literally determines what the affirmative implements and who it affects | 12/4/21 |
1-SO-T-MedicinesTournament: Loyola | Round: 6 | Opponent: Immaculate Heart JL | Judge: Gedela, Tej 1Interpretation: "medicines" is a generic bare plural. The aff may not defend that member nations of the World Trade Organization ought to reduce intellectual property protections for a medicine or subset of medicines.Nebel 19. ~Jake Nebel is an assistant professor of philosophy at the University of Southern California and executive director of Victory Briefs. He writes a lot of this stuff lol – duh.~ "Genericity on the Standardized Tests Resolution." Vbriefly. August 12, 2019. https://www.vbriefly.com/2019/08/12/genericity-on-the-standardized-tests-resolution/?fbclid=IwAR0hUkKdDzHWrNeqEVI7m59pwsnmqLl490n4uRLQTe7bWmWDO'avWCNzi14 TG AND "colleges and universities" is generic rather than existential in the resolution. Violation: They spec genomic medicinesStandards:~1~ precision – the counter-interp justifies them arbitrarily doing away with random words in the resolution which decks negative ground and preparation because the aff is no longer bounded by the resolution. Independent voter for jurisdiction – the judge doesn’t have the jurisdiction to vote aff if there wasn’t a legitimate aff.~2~ Limits and ground – their model allows affs to defend anything from Covid vaccines to HIV drugs to Insulin— there's no universal DA since each has different functions and political implications — that explodes neg prep and leads to random medicine of the week affs which makes cutting stable neg links impossible — limits key to reciprocal engagement since they create a caselist for neg prep and it takes out ground like DAs to certain medicines which are some of the few neg generics when affs spec medicines.~3~ TVA solves – you could’ve read your plan as an advantage under a whole res advocacy. | 9/5/21 |
1-SO-T-ReduceTournament: Grapevine | Round: 3 | Opponent: Cypress Woods AZ | Judge: Sun, Favian 1Interpretation: Reduce means unconditional and permanent – the aff is a suspension.Reynolds 59 – Judge (In the Matter of Doris A. Montesani, Petitioner, v. Arthur Levitt, as Comptroller of the State of New York, et al., Respondents ~NO NUMBER IN ORIGINAL~ Supreme Court of New York, Appellate Division, Third Department 9 A.D.2d 51; 189 N.Y.S.2d 695; 1959 N.Y. App. Div. LEXIS 7391 August 13, 1959, lexis) AND or degrade. The word "reduce" seems adequately to indicate permanency. Violation: During pandemicsVote neg:1~ Limits and ground– their model allows affs to defend anything from pandemics to Biden’s presidency— there's no universal DA since it’s impossible to know the timeframe when there won’t be IP— that explodes neg prep and leads to random timeframe of the week affs which makes cutting stable neg links impossible — limits key to reciprocal engagement since they create a caselist for neg prep (innovation, collaboration, econ, ptx: all core neg literature thrown away)2~ Precision o/w – anything else justifies the aff arbitrarily jettisoning words in the resolution at their whim which decks negative ground and preparation because the aff is no longer bounded by the resolution.3~ TVA – defend the advantage to a whole rez timeframe. We don’t prevent new FWs, mechanisms, or advantages. PICs don’t solve – our model allows you to specify countries and medicines.Fairness – debate is a competitive activity that requires fairness for objective evaluation. Outweighs because it’s the only intrinsic part of debate – all other rules can be debated over but rely on some conception of fairness to be justified.Drop the debater – a~ deter future abuse and b~ set better norms for debate.Competing interps – ~a~ reasonability is arbitrary and encourages judge intervention since there’s no clear norm, ~b~ it creates a race to the top where we create the best possible norms for debate.No RVIs – a~ illogical, you don’t win for proving that you meet the burden of being fair, logic outweighs since it’s a prerequisite for evaluating any other argument, b~ RVIs incentivize baiting theory and prepping it out which leads to maximally abusive practices | 9/11/21 |
1-SO-T-Reduce v2Tournament: Grapevine | Round: Octas | Opponent: Plano East JN | Judge: Panel 1Interpetation: Precluding a future increase is not a reductionMelinda Harmon 12, Judge, United States District Court for the Southern District of Texas, Houston Division, 3/6/12, Zieche v. Burlington Res., Inc., 2012 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 30134, p. lexis AND Zieche has introduced ~*13~ no evidence to convince the Court otherwise. Violation: they preclude patent extensions1~ Limits and ground—they allow the aff to monopolize prep by precluding a future increase anytime from now allowing affs to no link from uniqueness scenarios, delay CPs, etc which kills engageability—leads to unpredictable affs that skew the debate away from whether IP is good/bad to when a reduction should occur.2~ TVA – defend the advantage to a whole rez timeframe. We don’t prevent new FWs, mechanisms, or advantages. PICs don’t solve – our model allows you to specify countries and medicines.Fairness – debate is a competitive activity that requires fairness for objective evaluation. Outweighs because it’s the only intrinsic part of debate – all other rules can be debated over but rely on some conception of fairness to be justified.1NC theory is DTD – a) T indicts the whole aff so DTA is DTD b) abuse is supercharged with the 7-6 rebutal time skew c) deters future abuseCompeting interps – ~a~ reasonability is arbitrary and encourages judge intervention since there’s no clear norm, ~b~ it creates a race to the top where we create the best possible norms for debate.No RVIs – a~ illogical, you don’t win for proving that you meet the burden of being fair, logic outweighs since it’s a prerequisite for evaluating any other argument, b~ RVIs incentivize baiting theory and prepping it out which leads to maximally abusive practices c~ Forcing the 1NC to go all in on the shell kills substance education and neg strat which outweighs on urgency | 9/12/21 |
1-SO-T-Reduce v3Tournament: Valley | Round: Doubles | Opponent: Princeton DR | Judge: Panel 1Interpetation: Precluding a future increase is not a reductionMelinda Harmon 12, Judge, United States District Court for the Southern District of Texas, Houston Division, 3/6/12, Zieche v. Burlington Res., Inc., 2012 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 30134, p. lexis AND Zieche has introduced ~*13~ no evidence to convince the Court otherwise. Violation: they preclude patent extensions1~ Limits and ground—they allow the aff to monopolize prep by precluding a future increase anytime from now allowing affs to no link from uniqueness scenarios, delay CPs, etc which kills engageability—leads to unpredictable affs that skew the debate away from whether IP is good/bad to when a reduction should occur.2~ TVA – defend the advantage to a whole rez reduction. We don’t prevent new FWs, mechanisms, or advantages. PICs don’t solve – our model allows you to specify countries and medicines. Potential abuse doesn’t justify actual abuse. No prep leads to cheaty pics like word PIKS and delay CPs which are net worse3~ Precision o/w – anything else justifies the aff arbitrarily jettisoning words in the resolution at their whim which decks negative preparation because the aff isn’t bound by the resolution.Fairness – debate is a competitive activity that requires fairness for objective evaluation.1NC theory is DTD – a) T indicts the whole aff so DTA is DTD b) abuse is supercharged with the 7-6 rebutal time skewCompeting interps – ~a~ reasonability is arbitrary and encourages judge intervention since there’s no clear norm, ~b~ it creates a race to the top where we create the best possible norms for debate.No RVIs – a~ illogical, you don’t win for proving that you meet the burden of being fair, logic outweighs since it’s a prerequisite for evaluating any other argument, b~ RVIs incentivize baiting theory and prepping it out which leads to maximally abusive practices c~ Forcing the 1NC to go all in on the shell kills substance education and neg strat which outweighs on urgency | 9/27/21 |
1-TFW vs Berardi SoulsTournament: Glenbrooks | Round: 4 | Opponent: DTHS HV | Judge: Bukowsky, Holden 1Interpretation and Violation: The affirmative must defend the desirability of the hypothetical implementation of a just government recognizing an unconditional worker’s right to strike. This doesn’t entail a specific method of engaging in the topic, just that the affirmative must derive offense from a legal recognition of it. They don’t.Resolved requires policy actionLouisiana State Legislature (https://www.legis.la.gov/legis/Glossary.aspx) Ngong AND Senate Rules 10.9, 13.5 and 15.1) Vote Neg –Limits – aff gets to choose literally anything they want, which justifies infinite variations of affirmatives that are impossible for the neg to prep against, ensuring they’ll always be ahead and use competition standards like perms to erase neg ground. Key to fairness since we need to predict arguments to be able to make viable responses. Additionally, cutting negs to every possible aff wrecks small schools, which has a disparate impact on under-resourced and minority debaters – kills inclusion which is a prerequisite to engaging in your method and turns case.TVA- your aff just with government implementation- any DA to it proves workable clash under our interpTesting – topical debate allows in depth analysis of tangible solutions for real world problems. Abstracting to arbitrary advocacies deteriorates from those skills, making debate meaningless. They turn the debate into a monologue where the negative debater is robbed of opportunities to learn which turns aff solvency to their method since I can’t engage. Advocacy skills controls the internal link to education and outweighs on portability since it is applicable to the real world.Fairness is an impact –1~ probability – your ballot can’t solve their impacts but it can solve mine – debate can’t alter subjectivity, but can rectify skews in this round2~ internal link turns every impact – a limited topic promotes in-depth research and engagement which is necessary to access all of their education3~ comes before substance – deciding any other argument in this debate cannot be disentangled from our inability to prepare for it – any argument you think they’re winning is a link, not a reason to vote for them, since it’s just as likely that they’re winning it because we weren’t able to effectively prepare to defeat it. This means they don’t get to weigh the aff and proves you should be epistemically suspect of their truth claims.No impact turns or RVIs~1~ Perfcon – if T’s bad and you vote for them on that arg, you’re voting on T.~2~ Substance – if T’s bad then we should try debating on substance – impact turns force me to go for T since I need to defend my position.Theory is competing interps – a) reasonability is arbitrary and so is any brightline they set, b) norming – competing interps causes a race to the top where we find the best possible norm for debate instead of setting a brightline and testing how abusive we can be without violating.Drop the debater on T – a) indicts the aff advocacy so drop the argument would be dropping the aff anyways, b) deter future abuse and set good norms. | 11/21/21 |
1-TFW vs Chinese RobotocismTournament: Loyola | Round: 3 | Opponent: Millard North YL | Judge: Bukowsky, Holden 1Interpretation and Violation: The affirmative must defend the desirability of the hypothetical implementation of member nations of the WTO reducing IPP for medicines. This doesn’t entail a specific method of engaging in the topic, just that the affirmative must derive offense from a legal reduction of it. They don’t.Resolved denotes a proposal to be enacted by lawWords and Phrases 1964 Permanent Edition AND ," which is defined by Bouvier as meaning "to establish by law". Vote Neg –Limits – aff gets to choose literally anything they want, which justifies infinite variations of affirmatives that are impossible for the neg to prep against, ensuring they’ll always be ahead and use competition standards like perms to erase neg ground. Key to fairness since we need to predict arguments to be able to make viable responses. Additionally, cutting negs to every possible aff wrecks small schools, which has a disparate impact on under-resourced and minority debaters – kills inclusion which is a prerequisite to engaging in your method and turns case.TVA solves – a) CROSS APPLY THEIR OWN Yu EVIDENCE – it proves that IPPs are a form of western racism and they should be reducedb) reducing IPP allows for China to take secrets and raise hegemony- increasing Chinese individualityAny DA to the TVA isn’t an absolute reason to reject it – it just is proof that there’s workable clash under my interp where both the aff and neg can engage.Testing – topical debate allows in depth analysis of tangible solutions for real world problems. Abstracting to arbitrary advocacies deteriorates from those skills, making debate meaningless. They turn the debate into a monologue where the negative debater is robbed of opportunities to learn which turns aff solvency to their method since I can’t engage. Advocacy skills controls the internal link to education and outweighs on portability since it is applicable to the real world.In round competitive equity first:~1~ Evaluation – their arguments only seem true because they have an advantage – equity is a meta constraint on your ability to determine who’s better under the aff method since if one debater had 10 minutes to speak and the other had 1 it alters the ability to judge the truth value of the aff which means no cross apps and you should presume their arguments are false since I wasn’t adequately prepared to contest them so they don’t get to weigh the case if we couldn’t engage it to start with since I couldn’t disprove it.~2~ Ballot proximity – the ballot can’t solve their offense or actualize their method since the arguments we read have no effect on our subjectivity, but the judge can determine the direction of good norms and equitable practices so a risk our interp is good means negate~3~ We can always read their literature later, but a loss is permanent.Reject independent voters because they are usually 5-10 second blips but I have to over-invest so much of my time in order to make sure I won’t lose on it. Time skew outweighs because a pre-req to making arguments is having time to do so.No impact turns or RVIs~1~ Perfcon – if T’s bad and you vote for them on that arg, you’re voting on T.~2~ Substance – if T’s bad then we should try debating on substance – impact turns force me to go for T since I need to defend my position.Theory is competing interps – a) reasonability is arbitrary and so is any brightline they set, b) norming – competing interps causes a race to the top where we find the best possible norm for debate instead of setting a brightline and testing how abusive we can be without violating.Drop the debater on T – a) indicts the aff advocacy so drop the argument would be dropping the aff anyways, b) deter future abuse and set good norms. | 9/25/21 |
1-TFW vs HauntologyTournament: Churchill | Round: 6 | Opponent: Westlake AC | Judge: Bukowsky, Holden 2Interp: The affirmative may only garner offense from the hypothetical implementation that the appropriation of outer space by private entities is unjust and may not garner offense external to that.Resolved indicates a policy action.Parcher 1. ~Jeff. 2/26/01. "Re: Jeff P—Is the resolution a question?" https://web.archive.org/web/20050122044927/http://www.ndtceda.com/archives/200102/0790.html~~ Justin AND question before a legislative body. Should this statement be adopted or not. The appropriation of outer space is permanent control.TIMOTHY JUSTIN TRAPP, JD Candidate @ UIUC Law, ’13, TAKING UP SPACE BY ANY OTHER MEANS: COMING TO TERMS WITH THE NONAPPROPRIATION ARTICLE OF THE OUTER SPACE TREATY UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS LAW REVIEW ~Vol. 2013 No. 4~ AND the Bogotá Declaration were trying to accomplish, albeit through different means.219 Violation: They garner offense externally past the resolutionthrough their pedological discussions. At best they’re extra topical which is a voter for exploding limits and inflating aff solvency or effects topical which is worse, since any small aff can spill up to the resolution.==== Vote neg for competitive equity and clash: changing the topic favors the aff because it destroys the only stasis point and makes prep impossible because any ground is self-serving, concessionary, and from distorted literature bases. Their model allows someone to specialize for 4 years giving them an edge over people who switch every 2 months. Filter this through debate’s nature of being a game where both teams want to win, which becomes meaningless without constraints.Impacts:1~ Procedural fairness outweighs—a) intrinsicness—debate is a game and equity is necessary to sustain the activity b) probability—debate can’t alter subjectivity, but it can rectify skews c) metaconstraint—all your arguments concede fairness since you assume they will be evaluated fairly d) application—your model only indicts how fairness has been applied not that it’s intrinsically bad—their model would justify exclusion.2~ Switch Side Debate—they can read it as a K against affirmatives—forces debaters to consider issues from multiple perspectives. Non-topical affs allow individuals to establish their own metrics for what they want to debate leading to dogmatism.3~ TVA – defend an affirmative that defends the topic – their whole aff is about how private entities exploration of space is badAny DA to the TVA isn’t an absolute reason to reject it – it just is proof that there’s workable clash under my interp where both the aff and neg can engage.In round competitive equity first:~1~ Evaluation – their arguments only seem true because they have an advantage – equity is a meta constraint on your ability to determine who’s better under the aff method since if one debater had 10 minutes to speak and the other had 1 it alters the ability to judge the truth value of the aff which means no cross apps and you should presume their arguments are false since I wasn’t adequately prepared to contest them so they don’t get to weigh the case if we couldn’t engage it to start with since I couldn’t disprove it.No impact turns or RVIs~1~ Perfcon – if T’s bad and you vote for them on that arg, you’re voting on T.~2~ Substance – if T’s bad then we should try debating on substance – impact turns force me to go for T since I need to defend my position. | 1/13/22 |
1-TFW vs LogisticsTournament: Greenhill | Round: 1 | Opponent: Little Rock MG | Judge: Lea, Gabrielle 1Interpretation and Violation: The affirmative must defend the desirability of the hypothetical implementation of member nations of the WTO reducing IPP for medicines. This doesn’t entail a specific method of engaging in the topic, just that the affirmative must derive offense from a legal reduction of it. They don’t.Resolved denotes a proposal to be enacted by lawWords and Phrases 1964 Permanent Edition AND ," which is defined by Bouvier as meaning "to establish by law". Vote Neg –Limits – aff gets to choose literally anything they want, which justifies infinite variations of affirmatives that are impossible for the neg to prep against, ensuring they’ll always be ahead and use competition standards like perms to erase neg ground. Key to fairness since we need to predict arguments to be able to make viable responses. Additionally, cutting negs to every possible aff wrecks small schools, which has a disparate impact on under-resourced and minority debaters – kills inclusion which is a prerequisite to engaging in your method and turns case.TVA solves a) IPR is fundamentally racistParthasarathy 20 Shobita Parthasarathy, 11-2-2020, "Racism is baked into patent systems," No Publication, https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-020-03056-z B1ack ZD AND with the creative fruits of the kitchen, forest, farm or workshop. b) CA your own Adams evidence- health systems are a form of neoliberalismTesting – topical debate allows in depth analysis of tangible solutions for real world problems. Abstracting to arbitrary advocacies deteriorates from those skills, making debate meaningless. They turn the debate into a monologue where the negative debater is robbed of opportunities to learn which turns aff solvency to their method since I can’t engage. Advocacy skills controls the internal link to education and outweighs on portability since it is applicable to the real world.Switchside — it maintains clash through criticisms about the rhetoric of the patent system and policy making to test the efficacy of certain policy proposals, which prevents pathologization through sustained discussion about blackness in the carceral state. If they are right about the educational value of their model, it shouldn’t matter what side the critique is read on to access their subjectivity offense.Fairness is an impact –1~ probability – your ballot can’t solve their impacts but it can solve mine – debate can’t alter subjectivity, but can rectify skews in this round2~ internal link turns every impact – a limited topic promotes in-depth research and engagement which is necessary to access all of their education3~ comes before substance – deciding any other argument in this debate cannot be disentangled from our inability to prepare for it – any argument you think they’re winning is a link, not a reason to vote for them, since it’s just as likely that they’re winning it because we weren’t able to effectively prepare to defeat it. This means they don’t get to weigh the aff and proves you should be epistemically suspect of their truth claims.No impact turns or RVIs~1~ Perfcon – if T’s bad and you vote for them on that arg, you’re voting on T.~2~ Substance – if T’s bad then we should try debating on substance – impact turns force me to go for T since I need to defend my position.Theory is competing interps – a) reasonability is arbitrary and so is any brightline they set, b) norming – competing interps causes a race to the top where we find the best possible norm for debate instead of setting a brightline and testing how abusive we can be without violating.Drop the debater on T – a) indicts the aff advocacy so drop the argument would be dropping the aff anyways, b) deter future abuse and set good norms. | 9/18/21 |
1-TFW vs Voice of a WomanTournament: Tournament of Champions | Round: 5 | Opponent: Sidwell SW | Judge: Aaron, Brianna 1Interp: The affirmative may only garner offense from the hypothetical defense of that the appropriation of outer space by private entities is unjust and may not garner any offense external to that.Resolved indicates a policy action.Parcher 1. ~Jeff. 2/26/01. "Re: Jeff P—Is the resolution a question?" https://web.archive.org/web/20050122044927/http://www.ndtceda.com/archives/200102/0790.html~~ Justin AND question before a legislative body. Should this statement be adopted or not. "Is unjust" can require positive action to rectify the injusticePomerleau ~Wayne, PhD, Professor of Philosophy at Gonzaga~ "Western Theories of Justice", IEP, https://iep.utm.edu/justwest/, last date cited is 2010, RE AND 183, 230, 150-153, 230-231, 149). Violation: crossLimits – aff gets to choose literally anything they want, which justifies infinite variations of affirmatives that are impossible for the neg to prep against, ensuring they’ll always be ahead and use competition standards like perms to erase neg ground. Key to fairness since we need to predict arguments to be able to make viable responses. Additionally, cutting negs to every possible aff wrecks small schools, which has a disparate impact on under-resourced and minority debaters – kills inclusion which is a prerequisite to engaging in your method and turns case. Impacts:1~ Procedural fairness is a voter and outweighs—a) intrinsicness—debate is a game and equity is necessary to sustain the activity b) probability—debate can’t alter subjectivity, but it can rectify skews c) metaconstraint—all your arguments concede fairness since you assume they will be evaluated fairly2~ Topical version of the aff – end the commercialization of space. Use sufficiency when evaluating the TVA because all deficits are neg ground.3~ Switch Side Debate – they can read it as a K against affirmatives – proves they can still research and cut the exact same argument but it forces debaters to consider issues from multiple perspectives. Non-topical affs allow individuals to establish their own metrics for what they want to debate leading to dogmatism.4~ T creates the legal education key to understand the law’s strategic reversibility paired with intellectual survival skills.Archer 18 (Deborah N., Associate Professor of Clinical Law @ NYU School of Law, "POLITICAL LAWYERING FOR THE 21ST CENTURY," draft, pp. 1-43) *Edited* AND down that problem until they get to a point of entry for their advocacy No impact turns or RVIs ~1~ Perfcon – if T’s bad and you vote for them on that arg, you’re voting on T. ~2~ Substance – if T’s bad then we should try debating on substance – impact turns force me to go for T since I need to defend my position.Theory is competing interps – a) reasonability is arbitrary and so is any brightline they set, b) norming – competing interps causes a race to the top where we find the best possible norm for debate instead of setting a brightline and testing how abusive we can be without violating.Drop the debater on T – a) indicts the aff advocacy so drop the argument would be dropping the aff anyways, b) deter future abuse and set good norms. | 4/24/22 |
1-TJFs BadTournament: Blue Key | Round: 6 | Opponent: American Heritage NR | Judge: Das, Sreyaash 3Interpretation: Debaters must not read theoretical justifications for their framework. To clarify, TJFs are badViolation: they read phil ed, resolvability, real world ed, resource disparities~1~Phil-ed: kills phil ed by forcing a theory debate in framework when we are supposed to be learning about and debating philosophy.~2~Strat skew: TJFs force me to win on both theory and framework to win framework while you may only debate one, extending the other. Kills fairness since I have to engage on different layers with minimal time.~3~ Logic – theoertical justifications are bad bc regardless of whether or not the fw is philosopohically coherent tjfs ensure we apply illogical args for debates which kills education because its bad to learn about untrue things and fairness because disregarding rules of logic make it so that we’re unable to come up with argumentation – independently logic outweighs because it’s a litmus test for what counts as an argument in the first place | 10/30/21 |
1-Theory HedgeTournament: Longhorn Classic | Round: Quarters | Opponent: Sage MP | Judge: Panel NC theory first 1~ They started the chain of abuse and forced me down this strategy 2~ We have more speeches to norm over it 3~ It was introduced first so it’s lexically prior.Neg abuse outweighs aff abuse 1~ Infinite prep before round to frontline 2~ 2AR judge psychology 3~ 1st and last speech 4~ Infinite perms and uplayering in the 1AR.No new 1ar theory paradigm issues 1~ New 1ar paradigms moot 1NC offense 2~ Introducing them in the aff allows for rigorous testingReasonability on 1AR shells/IVIs – 1AR theory is aff-biased because the 2AR gets to line-by-line every 2NR standard with new answers that don’t get responded toDTA on 1AR shells/IVIs – they can blow up blippy shells in the 2AR but I have to split time and can’t preempt the 2AR which causes intervention and makes it irresolvable so don’t stake the round on itRVIs on 1AR theory/IVIs – 1AR being able to spend 20 seconds on a shell and still win forces at least 2:30 on the shell so RVIs check time skew | 4/23/22 |
1-Trigger Warning vs SuicideTournament: Harvard | Round: Doubles | Opponent: Oxford VM | Judge: Panel 1CW: NON-GRAPHIC MENTIONS OF THE WORD SUICIDEInterpretation: Debaters must provide a content warning when using the word suicide- to clarify this is not a reps K of the word but rather a reason why their presentation is badViolation: cx when explaing intutionsStandards1~ Safety and Psychic violence- suicide is a traumatizing and psychologically violent topic- I don’t need to explain why- not allowing debaters to prepare themselves mentally to read the word and not get triggered creates an unsafe model of debate that has a high risk of causing traumatizing thoughts and flashbacks. Saftey o/w and is an independent voter- debate has a prior obligation to be a safe space for high school competitors- pre-req to accessing the debate space2~ I’ll pre-empt generic "content warning bad" arguments a) we only need to win why a content warning is good in this particular case b) circuit norms prove that suicide is a sensitive topic that should be addressed with a warning c) creates a culpability DA to people facing psychic violence to face the effects of people abusing trigger warnings to skirt clash- it’s not our fault d) context doesn’t solve because once a person sees the word the context is irrelevant and they are already triggeredCompeting interps- a) you can’t be reasonably violent b) reasonability forces the judge to determine whether personal violence was small enough to go back to substanceDTD- a) I’ve already been triggered, and the round is irredeemable b) only way to create an incentive structure for people to change their normsNo RVIs- a) you shouldn’t win for winning you don’t need a content warning- its illogical b) baiting- debaters just read abusive/violent practices to win on the RVI- chills debaters from calling out bad practices | 2/21/22 |
2-K-Heidigger RepsTournament: Emory | Round: 1 | Opponent: Bronx Science NK | Judge: Ying, Derek 1Heidegger’s critique of technology and instrumental reason are inextricable from his personal anti-Semitism.Wolin, 17—Distinguished Professor of History, Political Science, and Comparative Literature at the CUNY Graduate Center (Richard, "On Heidegger's Antisemitism: The Peter Trawny Affair," Antisemitism Studies AND , ultimately, National Socialism’s "inner truth and greatness" remained unsullied. Heidegger’s philosophical project is intrinsically anti-Semitic—the search for "worlding" requires poisonous hostility towards "rootless", liberal subjects.Gregory FRIED, Professor of Philosophy at Suffolk University, 14 ~"What Heidegger was hiding: unearthing the philosopher's anti-semitism," Foreign Affairs, November-December 2014, Accessed Online through Emory Libraries~ AND and Heidegger never explained, let alone apologized for, such horrendous statements. Yes they link- their authors cite source Heidegger, and use his thoughts of technology and the world being-their research is intrinsically tied to antisemitismVote them down~1~ Reversibility: once oppressive rhetoric is used it cannot be taken back – you cannot sever out of your reps, the same way someone who says the n-word must be held accountable.~2~ Norm setting: we are part of a larger debate community with extensive norms – letting bad discourse be rampant kills the community and recreates forms of oppression – the K holds students accountable.~3~ Competition: debate is an educational competition with no place for offensive rhetoric – that kills access to the lasting benefit debate provides and encourages students to quit. | 1/28/22 |
2-K-Psychoanalysis v1Tournament: Loyola | Round: 3 | Opponent: Millard North YL | Judge: Bukowsky, Holden 2The subject emerges through alienation from the attempt to articulate one’s desires through language, which always has a communicability gap that restricts expression. This creates a constant desire for the lost object and leads to a relation of suffocation that justifies infinite violence – deconstructing this constitutive lack explains and comes before anything else in the round. Thus, the ROB is to traverse the fantasy – that means exposing drives.McGowan 13 Todd McGowan, 2013, "Enjoying What We Don’t Have: The Political Project of Psychoanalysis," University of Nebraska Press/Lincoln and London, SJBE AND also experience our distance from the authority and our radical freedom as subjects. The politics of recognition require the submission of one’s own desire to a social authority without grounding for its demands that creates an endless struggle for acceptance that restricts true enjoyment.McGowan 13 Todd McGowan, 2013, "Enjoying What We Don’t Have: The Political Project of Psychoanalysis," University of Nebraska Press/Lincoln and London, SJBE AND insufficient and seek more. Unlike enjoyment, recognition is an infinite struggle. Debate is structured by agential fantasy – the affirmative is an investment into subjectivity as a teleological entity dependent on external recognition to satisfy its goals, this investment is ultimately addicting and causes passivity - only saying NO to the affirmative can solveLundberg 12 Dr. Christian Lundberg, 2012, "Lacan in Public: Psychoanalysis and the Science of Rhetoric," The University of Alabama Press, Dr. Lundberg is an associate professor and co-director of the University Program in Cultural Studies at UNC, he has a B.A. from the University of Redlands, a Master of Divinity from Emory University, and a Ph.D. in Communication Studies from Northwestern University, sjbe AND a hegemonic order and is therefore a particularly fraught form of political subjectivization. They destroy the possibility for politics, ethics, and the value of life, and their defense will prove my point— controls the internal link to all other impactsRuti ‘14 (mari, English, Toronto, Psychoanalysis, Culture and Society (2014) 19, 297–314) SJBE, recut from Harvard BoSu AND of desire that, on the most elementary level, determines our destiny. Vote negative to embrace the lack – this requires being open to the anxiety that occurs from an encounter with the real of the other and breaks down fantasy and drives.McGowan 3 Todd McGowan, 2013, "Enjoying What We Don’t Have: The Political Project of Psychoanalysis," University of Nebraska Press/Lincoln and London, SJBE AND the liberal’s toler- ance within the conservative’s encounter with the real other. | 9/25/21 |
2-K-Psychoanalysis v2Tournament: Greenhill | Round: 1 | Opponent: Little Rock MG | Judge: Lea, Gabrielle 2The subject emerges through alienation from the attempt to articulate one’s desires through language, which always has a communicability gap that restricts expression. This creates a constant desire for the lost object and leads to a relation of suffocation that justifies infinite violence – deconstructing this constitutive lack explains and comes before anything else in the round. Thus, the ROB is to traverse the fantasy – that means exposing drives.McGowan 13 Todd McGowan, 2013, "Enjoying What We Don’t Have: The Political Project of Psychoanalysis," University of Nebraska Press/Lincoln and London, SJBE AND also experience our distance from the authority and our radical freedom as subjects. Debate is structured by agential fantasy – the affirmative is an investment into subjectivity as a teleological entity dependent on external recognition to satisfy its goals, this investment is ultimately addicting and causes passivity - only saying NO to the affirmative can solveLundberg 12 Dr. Christian Lundberg, 2012, "Lacan in Public: Psychoanalysis and the Science of Rhetoric," The University of Alabama Press, Dr. Lundberg is an associate professor and co-director of the University Program in Cultural Studies at UNC, he has a B.A. from the University of Redlands, a Master of Divinity from Emory University, and a Ph.D. in Communication Studies from Northwestern University, sjbe AND a hegemonic order and is therefore a particularly fraught form of political subjectivization. They destroy the possibility for politics, ethics, and the value of life, and their defense will prove my point— controls the internal link to all other impactsRuti ‘14 (mari, English, Toronto, Psychoanalysis, Culture and Society (2014) 19, 297–314) SJBE, recut from Harvard BoSu AND of desire that, on the most elementary level, determines our destiny. Vote negative to embrace the lack – this requires being open to the anxiety that occurs from an encounter with the real of the other and breaks down fantasy and drives.McGowan 3 Todd McGowan, 2013, "Enjoying What We Don’t Have: The Political Project of Psychoanalysis," University of Nebraska Press/Lincoln and London, SJBE AND the liberal’s toler- ance within the conservative’s encounter with the real other. | 9/18/21 |
2-K-Psychoanalysis v4Tournament: debateLA Challenge | Round: 5 | Opponent: Sage MP | Judge: Panel 3The subject is alienated when it articulates its desires – incomplete signifiers structure the emergence of subjectivity and produce repetitive drives to fill the lack that justify coercive violence. Thus, the ROB is to traverse the fantasy – that means exposing drives.Matheson 15 Calum Matheson, PhD, 2015, "Desired Ground Zeroes: Nuclear Imagination and the Death Drive," University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, ~Calum Matheson is author of Desiring the Bomb: Communication, Psychoanalysis, and the Atomic Age (University of Alabama). He is a former high school debater. His research focuses on intersections of rhetoric, media, and theories of psychoanalysis and deconstruction. His current work focuses on right-wing political extremism, conspiracy thinking, and Lacanian concepts of anxiety and psychosis. He has also published work on argument, history of rhetoric, and games. Dr. Matheson is a former debate coach at Harvard University and a current candidate at the Pittsburgh Psychoanalytic Center.~, https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/concern/dissertations/6682x4537, SJBE AND fellow on the back, all laughing like happy children. (12) The 1AC is an ideological fantasy constructed by relentless planning at the expense of scapegoated identities, all for recognition from the Other in an attempt to fill the lack.Gunder 05 Michael Gunder, 2005, "The Production of Desirous Space: Mere Fantasies of the Utopian City?" Planning Theory 2005 4: 173, DOI: 10.1177/1473095205054604, all brackets were in the original text, SJBE AND and ourselves, that constitutes the social reality that is our lived space. Narratives of sustainable space exploration are constructed fantasies of risk analysis that desire an impossible knowledge and recreate power hierarchies through controlled risk politicsOrmord, 12 – James, School of Applied Social Science, University of Brighton, ("Beyond world risk society? A critique of Ulrich Beck’s world risk society thesis as a framework for understanding risk associated with human activity in outer space." Environment and Planning D: Society and Space 2013, volume 31, pages 727 – 744) AND Beck’s terms) produced by space activity can only proceed on this basis. The repetition of drives makes life the enemy and causes extinctionThemi 08 (Tim, Prof @ Deakin U, "How Lacan’s Ethics Might Improve Our Understanding of Nietzsche’s Critique of Platonism: The Neurosis and Nihilism of a ‘Life’ Against Life," Cosmos and History: The Journal of Natural and Social Philosophy 4.1-2, 2008) SJBE, recut from Harvard BoSu AND -understood drive resurge of its own volition until it accidentally finishes us! Vote negative to embrace the lack – this requires being open to the anxiety that occurs from an encounter with the other and breaks down fantasy and drives.McGowan 13 Todd McGowan, 2013, "Enjoying What We Don’t Have: The Political Project of Psychoanalysis," University of Nebraska Press/Lincoln and London, SJBE AND the liberal’s toler- ance within the conservative’s encounter with the real other. | 1/14/22 |
2-K-Pyschoanalysis v3Tournament: Valley RR | Round: Finals | Opponent: Murphy AW | Judge: panel The subject is alienated when it articulates its desires – incomplete signifiers structure the emergence of subjectivity and produce repetitive drives to fill the lack that justify coercive violence. Thus, the ROB is to traverse the fantasy – that means exposing drives.Matheson 15 Calum Matheson, PhD, 2015, "Desired Ground Zeroes: Nuclear Imagination and the Death Drive," University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, ~Calum Matheson is author of Desiring the Bomb: Communication, Psychoanalysis, and the Atomic Age (University of Alabama). He is a former high school debater. His research focuses on intersections of rhetoric, media, and theories of psychoanalysis and deconstruction. His current work focuses on right-wing political extremism, conspiracy thinking, and Lacanian concepts of anxiety and psychosis. He has also published work on argument, history of rhetoric, and games. Dr. Matheson is a former debate coach at Harvard University and a current candidate at the Pittsburgh Psychoanalytic Center.~, https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/concern/dissertations/6682x4537, SJBE AND fellow on the back, all laughing like happy children. (12) The 1AC is an ideological fantasy constructed by relentless planning at the expense of scapegoated identities, all for recognition from the Other in an attempt to fill the lack.Gunder 05 Michael Gunder, 2005, "The Production of Desirous Space: Mere Fantasies of the Utopian City?" Planning Theory 2005 4: 173, DOI: 10.1177/1473095205054604, all brackets were in the original text, SJBE AND and ourselves, that constitutes the social reality that is our lived space. ====The 1AC’s development discourse is the projection of repetitive desires of a capitalist system- the scapegoat is created to obscure the Real- necessitating the destruction of the third world. ==== AND money to charity, or to call for the privatisation of public services). The repetition of drives makes life the enemy and causes extinctionThemi 08 (Tim, Prof @ Deakin U, "How Lacan’s Ethics Might Improve Our Understanding of Nietzsche’s Critique of Platonism: The Neurosis and Nihilism of a ‘Life’ Against Life," Cosmos and History: The Journal of Natural and Social Philosophy 4.1-2, 2008) SJBE, recut from Harvard BoSu AND -understood drive resurge of its own volition until it accidentally finishes us! Vote negative to embrace the lack – this requires being open to the anxiety that occurs from an encounter with the other and breaks down fantasy and drives.McGowan 13 Todd McGowan, 2013, "Enjoying What We Don’t Have: The Political Project of Psychoanalysis," University of Nebraska Press/Lincoln and London, SJBE AND the liberal’s toler- ance within the conservative’s encounter with the real other. | 9/25/21 |
2-K-Race War RepsTournament: TFA State | Round: 6 | Opponent: Claudia Taylor AP | Judge: Yoakum, Alex 1THE DISCOURSE OF THE "RACE WAR" IS A RACIST TOOL USED TO PROPAGATE THE NARRATIVE THAT WHITES ARE THE VICTIM OF WHITE GENOCIDE. THIS RACIST MYTH IS USED TO JUSTIFY ACTUAL ACTS OF VIOLENCE AND LINK TURNS RESISTANCEMiller 12/27 MICHAEL E MILLER (REPORTER FOR WASHINGTON POST) ‘The War of Races’: How a hateful ideology echoes through American history, 12/27/2019, WASHINGTON POST AND whites killed 120 blacks in the wake of Nat Turner’s rebellion in Virginia. They add:By the late 1970s, white supremacists had shifted from trying to maintain white dominance to warning that the very survival of the white race was at risk. "From the ’70s onward, white supremacy takes on an apocalyptic tone," said Pitcavage. "Race war is a part of that." Pitcavage sorts white supremacist adherents of race war into three categories. "Reluctant" race warriors don’t want conflict but believe it’s inevitable, so they prepare by stockpiling food and weapons, he said. "Window of opportunity" race warriors may or not desire conflict, but they believe it must happen soon while whites are still in the majority. Finally, he said, there are "accelerationists" who want to bring about the destruction of society and see race war as a means to speed that up. That’s what white supremacist serial killer Joseph Paul Franklin was trying to do when he targeted blacks, Jews and interracial couples across the country from 1977 to 1980. The murder spree inspired neo-Nazi leader William Pierce to pen racist novels "Hunter," in which one man’s quest to kill interracial couples sparks an uprising, and "The Turner Diaries," in which such an uprising leads to nuclear war and the annihilation of nonwhites. The latter book, in particular, would inspire generations of white supremacists, from Oklahoma City bomber Timothy Mc¬Veigh — who had excerpts of the book in his getaway car — to The Order, a terrorist group that robbed banks, bombed a theater and a synagogue and killed a Jewish radio host in the 1980s. It was a member of The Order who would later pen the infamous "14 words" from prison. David Lane’s ~the~ slogan — "We must secure the existence of our people and a future for white children" — reflects the demographic anxiety at the heart of white supremacy and its preoccupation with race war. Thirty years later, America is once again in the midst of a surge in white supremacy, according to Pitcavage and other experts. Today, "The Turner Diaries" is circulated online. Mobs no longer gather on horseback but on college campuses or, more often, on anonymous Internet message boards. Although it has evolved somewhat over time, the idea of race war is a common thread that connects the Klan to Charles Manson and Dylann Roof, Lane said. "Race war is an idea that emerges at certain points in American history and fades at others," Breen said. "What has made it such a powerful idea, however, is not some real danger of a race war itself, but the politically useful nature of these charges. Politicians have used racially inflammatory rhetoric like this to help them attain power, whether by mobilizing one’s base or suppressing their opponents, but long after the last ballots have been counted, the legacy of the racial demagoguery remains." DTD~1~ Reversibility: once oppressive rhetoric is used it cannot be taken back – you cannot sever out of your reps, the same way someone who says the n-word must be held accountable.~2~ Norm setting: we are part of a larger debate community with extensive norms – letting bad discourse be rampant kills the community and recreates forms of oppression – the K holds students accountable.~3~ Competition: debate is an educational competition with no place for offensive rhetoric – that kills access to the lasting benefit debate provides and encourages students to quit. Me saying it is not a double turn because it’s about the context of the slogan they utilize it for not the the words in a blanket statement | 3/12/22 |
2-K-UniversityTournament: TFA State | Round: 3 | Opponent: Clear Brook DM | Judge: Wilson, Avery 1The 1AC is a misdiagnosis of the university – their techniques are enfolded within logistical transparency in which the worlds visibility and mappability is taken as ontological presumption to be achieved by techniques of resistance. The aff’s praxis of resistance is articulated through a grammar of concrete planning utilized by state governance and the neoliberal university that reproduces logistics as the terrain of the political – only a refusal of the aesthetics of planning, logistics, and transparency can facilitate fugitivityMoten and Harney 9 – Fred Moten, professor of Performance Studies at New York University and has taught previously at University of California, Riverside, Duke University, Brown University, and the University of Iowa, and Stefano Harney, Professor of Strategic Management Education at Singapore Management University, 2009 ("Policy and Planning" Social Text 100 • Vol. 27, No. 3 • Fall 2009 Pages 182-186) AND policy can’t read it, but it’s intelligible if you got a plan. Their investment into the university is a tool of speed-elitism. The move for more transparent discussions about revolutionary praxis mystifies the reliance on the highly exclusive and unethical technologies of the university. By figuring those technics as the metrics for liberatory strategization, that expands debate’s state of exploitation.Hoofd 10 – Ingrid M. Hoofd is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Communications and New Media at the National University of Singapore, ("The Accelerated University: Activist-Academic Alliances and the Simulation of Thought." Ephemera: Theory and politics in organisation, Vol. 10, No.1 (September 2010), http://www.ephemerajournal.org/contribution/accelerated-university-activist-academic-alliances-and-simulation-thought) KB + TR Recut Justin AND the emergence of authority as well as (academic and activist) empowerment. ====The conditioning of debate as a sight for liberal discussions about our orientations towards revolution merely engenders a semiotic fantasy of radicalism that paves over very real conditions of pain and death that make this space possible. Its try or die for a semiotic insurrection.==== AND over as many of these dead buildings. We will find one another. The alternative isVoting neg is a withdrawal from the instrumental game of call-and-response into an aesthetic under-commons of redaction, opacity, and fugitive resonance. The refusal of demands for transparent or professionalized alternative frustrates the professional logistics of academia. Redaction is an aesthetic embodiment of indecision, a critical strategy of resistance that cannot be captured on a wiretap because it’s always on the tip of the tongue.Moten and Harney 13 – Fred Moten, professor of Performance Studies at New York University and has taught previously at University of California, Riverside, Duke University, Brown University, and the University of Iowa, and Stefano Harney, Professor of Strategic Management Education at Singapore Management University, 2013 (Undercommons: Fugitive Planning and Black Study, pgs. 28-32) AND coming for those who refuse to write off or write up the undercommons. | 3/11/22 |
2-PIK-Telos vs IslamaphobiaTournament: TFA State | Round: 3 | Opponent: Clear Brook DM | Judge: Wilson, Avery 2We advocate for the 1ACs method of scenario analysis sans their telos of affirming that in a democracy, a free press ought to prioritize objectivity over advocacy. .That solves the aff – their method of solvency is about their scenario analysis of the resolution and developing political grammars of resistance to learn about muslim fugitivity. We’ll break this down – it’s not enough to say "objectivity is good and advocacy bad" in the abstract, rather, they have to have material offense from their advocacy that solves islamaphobia – if their offense is "discussions good" or "ballot good" then there’s no reason the telos of their revolution is necessary.They fail the control-F test in their method page – all of their cards are about orientalism and islamophobia generally and not objectivity – card zero why the telos is key.The net benefit is incompleteness.Harney and Moten 11 – Stephano Harney and Fred Moten March 2021 "Refusing Completion: A Conversation" https://www.e-flux.com/journal/116/379446/refusing-completion-a-conversation/ (Stefano Harney is the Professor of Strategic Management Education at Singapore Management University., Fred Moten is the professor of Performance Studies at New York University and has taught previously at University of California, Riverside, Duke University, Brown University, and the University of Iowa)Elmer Modified for Problematic Rhetoric AND its completion. That’s our ongoing ante- and anti-metaphysical experiment. | 3/11/22 |
2-PIK-Telos vs Race WarTournament: TFA State | Round: 6 | Opponent: Claudia Taylor AP | Judge: Yoakum, Alex 4We advocate for the 1ACs method of scenario analysis sans their telos of affirming the stance of the abolitionist to endorse the deconstruction of racist, unobjective reporting..That solves the aff – their method of solvency is about their scenario analysis of the resolution and developing political grammars of resistance to learn about fugitivity. We’ll break this down – it’s not enough to say "advocative media is bad" in the abstract, rather, they have to have material offense from their advocacy that solves anti-blackness – if their offense is "discussions good" or "planning good" then there’s no reason the telos of their revolution is necessary.They fail the control-F test in their method page – all of their cards are about race war generally and not objective media – card zero why the telos is key.Their authors prove that media isn’t key and that the broader framework is better – proves the counterplan solves case- ss below The net benefit is incompleteness.Harney and Moten 11 – Stephano Harney and Fred Moten March 2021 "Refusing Completion: A Conversation" https://www.e-flux.com/journal/116/379446/refusing-completion-a-conversation/ (Stefano Harney is the Professor of Strategic Management Education at Singapore Management University., Fred Moten is the professor of Performance Studies at New York University and has taught previously at University of California, Riverside, Duke University, Brown University, and the University of Iowa)Elmer Modified for Problematic Rhetoric AND its completion. That’s our ongoing ante- and anti-metaphysical experiment. | 3/12/22 |
3-JF-Kant NCTournament: debateLA Challenge | Round: 4 | Opponent: Westwood PM | Judge: Panel 2The meta-ethic is procedural moral realism.This entails that moral facts stem from procedures while substantive realism holds that moral truths exist independently of that in the empirical world. Prefer procedural realism –~1~ Collapses – the only way to verify whether something is a moral fact is by using procedures to warrant it.~2~ Uncertainty – our experiences are inaccessible to others which allows people to say they don’t experience the same, however a priori principles are universally applied to all agents.~3~ Is/Ought Gap – we can only perceive what is, not what ought to be. It’s impossible to derive an ought statement from descriptive facts about the world, necessitating a priori premises.~4~ value theory – the existence of extrinsic goodness requires unconditional human worth.Korsgaard 83 (Christine M., "Two Distinctions in Goodness," The Philosophical Review Vol. 92, No. 2 (Apr., 1983), pp. 169-195, JSTOR) OS AND -and, in general, to make the highest good our end. Regress – I can keep asking "why should I follow this" which results in skep since obligations are predicated on ignorantly accepting rules. Only reason solves since asking "why reason?" requires reason which is self-justified.That means we must universally will maxims— any non-universalizable norm justifies someone’s ability to impede on your ends.Thus, the standard is consistency with the categorical imperative.Prefer –~1~ Performativity—freedom is the key to the process of justification of arguments. Willing that we should abide by their ethical theory presupposes that we own ourselves in the first place.~2~ Necessity—my framework is inherent to the way we set ends. Ethics must be necessary and not contingent since otherwise its claims could be escapable.Impact calc – the only relevant offense under my framework is that of libertarian ownership. The universality of freedom justifies a libertarian state which outweighs on actor specificity.Otteson 9 brackets in original James R. Otteson (professor of philosophy and economics at Yeshiva University) "Kantian Individualism and Political Libertarianism" The Independent Review, v. 13, n. 3, Winter 2009 AND in the absence of invasions or threats of invasions, it is inactive. Use ethical confidence and reject moral uncertainty:~a~ Phil ed- modesty incentivizes people to read Bostrom and extinction impacts without engaging with NC – we don’t end up talking about philosophy at all Negate~2~ Banning private space appropriation inhibits the sale and use of spacecraft and fuel- that’s a form of restricting the free economic choices of individualsRichman 12, Sheldon. "The free market doesn’t need government regulation." Reason, August 5, 2012. AHS RG AND really, it is just men and women acting rationally in the world. ~3~ Acquisition of property can never be unjust – to create rights violations, there must already be an owner of the property being violated, but that presupposes its appropriation by another entity.Feser 1, (Edward Feser, 1-1-2005, accessed on 12-15-2021, Cambridge University Press, "THERE IS NO SUCH THING AS AN UNJUST INITIAL ACQUISITION | Social Philosophy and Policy | Cambridge Core", Edward C. Feser is an American philosopher. He is an Associate Professor of Philosophy at Pasadena City College in Pasadena, California. https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/social-philosophy-and-policy/article/abs/there-is-no-such-thing-as-an-unjust-initial-acquisition/5C744D6D5C525E711EC75F75BF7109D1)~~brackets for gen lang~phs st AND , then, for there to be any injustices in initial acquisition.7 ~4~ To own yourself and use your own freedom is to be able to interact with external objects. Anything else makes you unable to exercise your own freedom on other things and creates a contradiction.Feser 2, (Edward Feser, 1-1-2005, accessed on 12-15-2021, Cambridge University Press, "THERE IS NO SUCH THING AS AN UNJUST INITIAL ACQUISITION | Social Philosophy and Policy | Cambridge Core", Edward C. Feser is an American philosopher. He is an Associate Professor of Philosophy at Pasadena City College in Pasadena, California. https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/social-philosophy-and-policy/article/abs/there-is-no-such-thing-as-an-unjust-initial-acquisition/5C744D6D5C525E711EC75F75BF7109D1)~~brackets for gen lang~phs st AND that corkscrew owners who lack bottles are not full owners of their corkscrews. | 1/14/22 |
3-JF-Kant NC v2Tournament: Harvard | Round: Doubles | Opponent: Oxford VM | Judge: Panel 2Agents must be practical reasoners:First, inescapability – the exercise of practical rationality requires that one regards it as intrinsically good – that justifies a right to freedom.Wood ~Allen W. Wood, (Stanford University, California) "Kantian Ethics" Cambridge University Press, 2007, https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/kantian-ethics/769B8CD9FCC74DB6870189AE1645FAC8, DOA:8-12-2020 WWBW~rct st AND is an end in itself whether the person is morally good or bad. Second, value theory – the existence of extrinsic goodness requires unconditional human worth.Korsgaard (Christine M., "Two Distinctions in Goodness," The Philosophical Review Vol. 92, No. 2 (Apr., 1983), pp. 169-195, JSTOR) OS *bracketed for gen lang* rct st AND -and, in general, to make the highest good our end. Third, practical reason – ethical principles must be derived from the structure of reason:~1~ Regress – we can always ask why we should follow a theory, so they aren’t binding because they don’t have a starting point. Practical reason solves – When we ask why we should follow reason, we demand a reason, which concedes to the authority of reason itself, so it’s the only thing we can follow~2~ Action Theory – every action can be broken down to infinite amounts of movements, i.e. me moving my arm can be broken down to the infinite moments of every state my arm is in. Only reason can unify these movements because we use practical reason to achieve our goals, means all actions collapse to reasonFourth, epistemology – ethics must begin a priori, meaning they can’t be derived from our experience.~A~ Representations of space – we can only access our experiences if we can interpret the space around us, but that requires the a priori. Thinking of the absence of space is impossible – we can think of empty space but never the lack of space itself. Imagining space through a priori thoughts is the only way we can even begin to have a conception of interpreting experience; we need to be able to construct space through our minds.~B~ Separateness – if space is based on experience, it must be formed from objects separate to us outside of our reasoning abilities. But to represent objects as separate from us, we would already need to assume space exists in the first place to have a concept of "separateness," so to represent space as something separate from us would be incoherent.~C~ Uncertainty – every person has different experiences so we can’t have a unified perspective on what is good if we each have different conceptions of it – even if we can roughly aggregate it’s not enough because there’ll always be a case when it fails so the framework o/w on probability.~D~ Is/Ought Gap – experience in the phenomenal world only tells us what is, not what ought to be. But it’s impossible to derive an ought from descriptive premises, so there needs to be additional a priori premises within the noumenal world to make a moral theory.Practical reason means we all have a unified perspective: What can be justified to me can be justified to everyone who is a practical reasoner. If I can conclude that 2+2 is 4, then I understand not only that I know 2+2 is 4, but that everyone around me can arrive at the same conclusion. These things are temporally consistent: I know that me adding two numbers now and taking that sum will not result in me adding the same two numbers in the future and getting a different sum. Our unified perspective does not change but rather stays consistent.But, willing an action that violates the freedom of others is a contradiction: If I decide to kill someone, that action is not universalizable because that would justify other people killing me too. If I die, I cannot exercise my freedom to kill someone else. This is a contradiction: I both justify extending my freedom to kill others and limiting my own freedom.Thus, the standard is respecting freedom.OffenseNegate:Acquisition of property can never be unjust – to create rights violations, there must already be an owner of the property being violated, but that presupposes its appropriation by another entity.Feser 1, (Edward Feser, 1-1-2005, accessed on 12-15-2021, Cambridge University Press, "THERE IS NO SUCH THING AS AN UNJUST INITIAL ACQUISITION | Social Philosophy and Policy | Cambridge Core", Edward C. Feser is an American philosopher. He is an Associate Professor of Philosophy at Pasadena City College in Pasadena, California. https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/social-philosophy-and-policy/article/abs/there-is-no-such-thing-as-an-unjust-initial-acquisition/5C744D6D5C525E711EC75F75BF7109D1)~~brackets for gen lang~phs st AND , then, for there to be any injustices in initial acquisition.7 To own yourself and use your own freedom is to be able to interact with external objects. Anything else makes you unable to exercise your own freedom on other things and creates a contradiction.Feser 2, (Edward Feser, 1-1-2005, accessed on 12-15-2021, Cambridge University Press, "THERE IS NO SUCH THING AS AN UNJUST INITIAL ACQUISITION | Social Philosophy and Policy | Cambridge Core", Edward C. Feser is an American philosopher. He is an Associate Professor of Philosophy at Pasadena City College in Pasadena, California. https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/social-philosophy-and-policy/article/abs/there-is-no-such-thing-as-an-unjust-initial-acquisition/5C744D6D5C525E711EC75F75BF7109D1)~~brackets for gen lang~phs st AND that corkscrew owners who lack bottles are not full owners of their corkscrews. | 2/21/22 |
3-MA-Kant NC v1Tournament: TFA State | Round: 2 | Opponent: Plano East AD | Judge: Cook, River 3Ethics must begin a priori and the meta-ethic is bindingness.~1~ Uncertainty – our experiences are inaccessible to others which allows people to say they don’t experience the same, however a priori principles are universally applied to all agents.~2~ Bindingness – I can keep asking "why should I follow this" which results in skep since obligations are predicated on ignorantly accepting rules. Only reason solves since asking "why reason?" requires reason which is self-justified.That means we must universally will maxims— any non-universalizable norm justifies someone’s ability to impede on your ends.Thus, the standard is consistency with the categorical imperative.Prefer –~1~ All other frameworks collapse—non-Kantian theories source obligations in extrinsically good objects, but that presupposes the goodness of the rational will.~2~ Theory – Frameworks are topicality interps of the word ought so they should be theoretically justified. Prefer on resource disparities—a focus on evidence and statistics privileges debaters with the most preround prep which excludes lone-wolfs who lack huge evidence files. A debate under my framework can easily be won without any prep since huge evidence files aren’t required.~3~ No New 1AR Framework: It moots 7 minutes of the 1NC and exacerbates the AFF infinite prep time so I should be able to compensate by choosing. They justify substantive skews by shifting frame of offense.~4~ Aspec: JOURNALISTS CAN’T USE UTIL, PREFER DUTY BASED ETHICSChristians 7 Christians, Clifford (Research Professor of Comunications, Professor of Journalism and Professor of Media Studies Emeritus at the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign) "Utilitarianism in media ethics and its discontents." Journal of Mass Media Ethics 22.2-3 (2007): 113-131. AND theoretically credible media ethics, the most promising direction is a deontological one. Negate:~1~ Objectivity censors’ journalists’ personal views and biases- that’s non universalizableGreven 21 Greven, Alec, "Speech and Sovereignty: A Kantian Defense of Freedom of Expression" (2021). Honors Theses. 1579. AND respect the unity of their agency and treat others with equal moral standing. ~2~ Journalists are required to respect those they report on, thus, advocacy journalism is required to alleviate sufferingLeshilo 18 Thabo Leshilo ~A research report submitted to the Faculty of Humanities, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts, Applied Ethics for Professionals.~ "Morality and Journalists: Objectivity versus Duty of Care" 13 July 2018, Johannesburg https://wiredspace.wits.ac.za/bitstream/handle/10539/26530/Morality20and20Journalists20(markup)'2.pdf?sequence=1 AND ordinarily expect another human being to help to alleviate his or her suffering. | 3/10/22 |
3-MA-Kant NC vs Non TTournament: TFA State | Round: 6 | Opponent: Claudia Taylor AP | Judge: Yoakum, Alex 3The meta-ethic is bindingness.Ethics must begin with a re-orientation towards the subject since modernity is created by persons. Ethics must make equal personhood, rights, and freedoms accessible for all.Mills 18 "Black Radical Kantianism." Res Philosophica, Vol. 95, No. 1, January 2018, pp. 1–33 https:// doi.org/ 10.11612/ resphil.1622 B1ACK ZD AND so that their positioning in the liberal state is different from the beginning. ~A~ Uncertainty – an inability to know others experience and structural positionality makes empiricism an unreliable basis for universal ethics. Outweighs since it would be escapable since people could say they don’t experience the same.~B~ Constitutivism – Morality faces regress where we can continue asking "why." Practical reason is the only unescapable and binding authority because to ask why I should be a reasoner concedes it’s authority since you’re actively reasoning.That justifies universality – a~ any non-universalizable norm justifies someone’s ability to impede on your ends b~ Only universalizable reason can effectively explain the perspectives of agents – that’s the best method for combatting oppression.Farr 02 Arnold Farr (prof of phil @ UKentucky, focusing on German idealism, philosophy of race, postmodernism, psychoanalysis, and liberation philosophy). "Can a Philosophy of Race Afford to Abandon the Kantian Categorical Imperative?" JOURNAL of SOCIAL PHILOSOPHY, Vol. 33 No. 1, Spring 2002, 17–32. AND choosing my maxims I attempt to include the perspective of other moral agents. Prefer:~1~ Normativity outweighs: a~ Obligations – lack of it doesn’t generate stable ethics so it permits anything except the one thing it condemns b~ Collapses – injustices need universal ideal principles to ground them and explain why they are wrong which otherwise justifies skep since no external reason to follow ethics c~ Necessity – every arg presupposes ability to set and pursue ends which collapses to my framework d~ Is/Ought Gap – description of injustices only tells us what exists, not how to properly fix it or act with it which leaves all harms unresolved.~2~ Consequences Fail: a~ Every action has infinite stemming consequences, because every consequence can cause another consequence so we can’t predict. b~ Induction is circular because it relies on the assumption that nature will hold uniform and we could only reach that conclusion through inductive reasoning based on observation of past events. c~ Every action is infinitely divisible, only intents unify because we commit the end point of an action – but consequences cannot determine what step of action is moralThus, the standard is consistency with the categorical imperative.Negate:1~ Journalists are required to respect those they report on, thus, advocacy journalism is required to alleviate sufferingLeshilo 18 Thabo Leshilo ~A research report submitted to the Faculty of Humanities, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts, Applied Ethics for Professionals.~ "Morality and Journalists: Objectivity versus Duty of Care" 13 July 2018, Johannesburg https://wiredspace.wits.ac.za/bitstream/handle/10539/26530/Morality20and20Journalists20(markup)'2.pdf?sequence=1 AND ordinarily expect another human being to help to alleviate his or her suffering. 2~ The aff has a deontological obligation to be topical.Nebel 15: Jake Nebel,"The Priority of Resolutional Semantics by Jake Nebel," Briefly, https://www.vbriefly.com/2015/02/20/the-priority-of-resolutional-semantics-by-jake-nebel/==== | 3/12/22 |
3-ND-Kant NCTournament: Glenbrooks | Round: 4 | Opponent: DTHS HV | Judge: Bukowsky, Holden 2Permissibility and presumption negate – ~a~ the resolution indicates the aff has to prove an obligation, and permissibility would deny the existence of an obligation ~b~ Statements are more often false than true because any part can be false. This means you negate if there is no offense because the resolution is probably false.Ethics must begin a priori:~1~ Uncertainty – our experiences are inaccessible to others which allows people to say they don’t experience the same, however a priori principles are universally applied to all agents.~2~ Bindingness – I can keep asking "why should I follow this" which results in skep since obligations are predicated on ignorantly accepting rules. Only reason solves since asking "why reason?" requires reason which concedes its authority and equally proves agency as constitutiveThat means we must universally will maxims— any non-universalizable norm justifies someone’s ability to impede on your ends.Thus, the standard is consistency with the categorical imperative.Prefer the standard: ~a~ freedom is the key to the process of justification of arguments. Willing that we should abide by their ethical theory presupposes that we own ourselves in the first place. Thus, it is logically incoherent to justify the neg arguments/standard without first willing that we can pursue ends free from othersNegate:1~ Strikes violate individual autonomy by exercising coercion.Gourevitch 18 ~Alex; Brown University; "The Right to Strike: A Radical View," American Political Science Review; 2018; https://sci-hub.se/10.1017/s0003055418000321~~ Justin AND liberties nor the related laws that strikers violate when using certain coercive tactics. 3~ The aff homogenizes all strikes as an unconditional right which is unethical.Loewy 2K, Erich H. "Of healthcare professionals, ethics, and strikes." Cambridge Q. Healthcare Ethics 9 (2000): 513. (Erich H. Loewy M.D., F.A.C.P., was born in Vienna, Austria in 1927 and was able to escape first to England and then to the U.S. in late 1938. He was initially trained as a cardiologist. He taught at Case Western Reserve and practiced in Cleveland, Ohio. After 14 years he devoted himself fully to Bioethics and taught at the University of Illinois for 12 years. In 1996 he was selected as the first endowed Alumni Association Chair of Bioethics at the University of California Davis School of Medicine and has taught there since.) JG AND be "professionals," may legitimately proceed and yet fulfill their basic purpose. 4~ Free-riding: strikes are a form of free-riding since those who don’t participate still reap the benefits.Dolsak and Prakash 19 ~Nives and Aseem; We write on environmental issues, climate politics and NGOs; "Climate Strikes: What They Accomplish And How They Could Have More Impact," 9/14/19; Forbes; https://www.forbes.com/sites/prakashdolsak/2019/09/14/climate-strikes-what-they-accomplish-and-how-they-could-have-more-impact/?sh=2244a9bd5eed~~ Justin AND , a large number of people have a strong preference for climate action. | 11/21/21 |
3-ND-Kant NC v2Tournament: Glenbrooks | Round: 6 | Opponent: Peninsula CS | Judge: Chaudhary, Vishan 2The meta-ethic is procedural moral realism.This entails that moral facts stem from procedures while substantive realism holds that moral truths exist independently of that in the empirical world. Prefer procedural realism –~1~ Collapses – the only way to verify whether something is a moral fact is by using procedures to warrant it.~2~ Uncertainty – our experiences are inaccessible to others which allows people to say they don’t experience the same, however a priori principles are universally applied to all agents.~3~ Is/Ought Gap – we can only perceive what is, not what ought to be. It’s impossible to derive an ought statement from descriptive facts about the world, necessitating a priori premises.~4~ value theory – the existence of extrinsic goodness requires unconditional human worth.Korsgaard 83 (Christine M., "Two Distinctions in Goodness," The Philosophical Review Vol. 92, No. 2 (Apr., 1983), pp. 169-195, JSTOR) OS AND -and, in general, to make the highest good our end. Regress – I can keep asking "why should I follow this" which results in skep since obligations are predicated on ignorantly accepting rules. Only reason solves since asking "why reason?" requires reason which is self-justified.That means we must universally will maxims— any non-universalizable norm justifies someone’s ability to impede on your ends.Thus, the standard is consistency with the categorical imperative.Prefer –~1~ Performativity—freedom is the key to the process of justification of arguments. Willing that we should abide by their ethical theory presupposes that we own ourselves in the first place.~2~ Necessity—my framework is inherent to the way we set ends. Ethics must be necessary and not contingent since otherwise its claims could be escapable.Impact calc – the only relevant offense under my framework is that of libertarian ownership. The universality of freedom justifies a libertarian state which outweighs on actor specificity.Otteson 9 brackets in original James R. Otteson (professor of philosophy and economics at Yeshiva University) "Kantian Individualism and Political Libertarianism" The Independent Review, v. 13, n. 3, Winter 2009 AND in the absence of invasions or threats of invasions, it is inactive. Use ethical confidence and reject moral uncertainty:~a~ Phil ed- modesty incentivizes people to read Bostrom and extinction impacts without engaging with NC – we don’t end up talking about philosophy at all NegateNegate:1~ Strikes violate individual autonomy by exercising coercion.Gourevitch 18 ~Alex; Brown University; "The Right to Strike: A Radical View," American Political Science Review; 2018; https://sci-hub.se/10.1017/s0003055418000321~~ Justin AND liberties nor the related laws that strikers violate when using certain coercive tactics. 2~ Means to an end: employees ignore their duty to help their patients in favor of higher wages which treats them as a means to an end.3~ The aff homogenizes all strikes as an unconditional right which is unethical.Loewy 2K, Erich H. "Of healthcare professionals, ethics, and strikes." Cambridge Q. Healthcare Ethics 9 (2000): 513. (Erich H. Loewy M.D., F.A.C.P., was born in Vienna, Austria in 1927 and was able to escape first to England and then to the U.S. in late 1938. He was initially trained as a cardiologist. He taught at Case Western Reserve and practiced in Cleveland, Ohio. After 14 years he devoted himself fully to Bioethics and taught at the University of Illinois for 12 years. In 1996 he was selected as the first endowed Alumni Association Chair of Bioethics at the University of California Davis School of Medicine and has taught there since.) JG AND be "professionals," may legitimately proceed and yet fulfill their basic purpose. 4~ Free-riding: strikes are a form of free-riding since those who don’t participate still reap the benefits.Dolsak and Prakash 19 ~Nives and Aseem; We write on environmental issues, climate politics and NGOs; "Climate Strikes: What They Accomplish And How They Could Have More Impact," 9/14/19; Forbes; https://www.forbes.com/sites/prakashdolsak/2019/09/14/climate-strikes-what-they-accomplish-and-how-they-could-have-more-impact/?sh=2244a9bd5eed~~ Justin AND , a large number of people have a strong preference for climate action. | 11/21/21 |
3-ND-Kant NC vNon TTournament: Longhorn Classic | Round: 2 | Opponent: Westlake AK | Judge: Yoakum, Anastasia 3Permissibility and presumption negate – ~a~ the resolution indicates the aff has to prove an obligation, and permissibility would deny the existence of an obligation ~b~ Statements are more often false than true because any part can be false. This means you negate if there is no offense because the resolution is probably false.The meta-ethic is bindingness.Ethics must begin with a re-orientation towards the subject since modernity is created by persons. Ethics must make equal personhood, rights, and freedoms accessible for all.Mills 18 "Black Radical Kantianism." Res Philosophica, Vol. 95, No. 1, January 2018, pp. 1–33 https:// doi.org/ 10.11612/ resphil.1622 B1ACK ZD AND so that their positioning in the liberal state is different from the beginning. ~A~ Uncertainty – an inability to know others experience and structural positionality makes empiricism an unreliable basis for universal ethics. Outweighs since it would be escapable since people could say they don’t experience the same.~B~ Constitutivism – Morality faces regress where we can continue asking "why." Practical reason is the only unescapable and binding authority because to ask why I should be a reasoner concedes it’s authority since you’re actively reasoning.That justifies universality – a~ any non-universalizable norm justifies someone’s ability to impede on your ends b~ Only universalizable reason can effectively explain the perspectives of agents – that’s the best method for combatting oppression.Farr 02 Arnold Farr (prof of phil @ UKentucky, focusing on German idealism, philosophy of race, postmodernism, psychoanalysis, and liberation philosophy). "Can a Philosophy of Race Afford to Abandon the Kantian Categorical Imperative?" JOURNAL of SOCIAL PHILOSOPHY, Vol. 33 No. 1, Spring 2002, 17–32. AND choosing my maxims I attempt to include the perspective of other moral agents. Prefer:~1~ Normativity outweighs: a~ Obligations – lack of it doesn’t generate stable ethics so it permits anything except the one thing it condemns b~ Collapses – injustices need universal ideal principles to ground them and explain why they are wrong which otherwise justifies skep since no external reason to follow ethics c~ Necessity – every arg presupposes ability to set and pursue ends which collapses to my framework d~ Is/Ought Gap – description of injustices only tells us what exists, not how to properly fix it or act with it which leaves all harms unresolved.~2~ Consequences Fail: a~ Every action has infinite stemming consequences, because every consequence can cause another consequence so we can’t predict. b~ Induction is circular because it relies on the assumption that nature will hold uniform and we could only reach that conclusion through inductive reasoning based on observation of past events. c~ Every action is infinitely divisible, only intents unify because we commit the end point of an action – but consequences cannot determine what step of action is moralThus, the standard is consistency with the categorical imperative.Negate:1~ Strikes violate individual autonomy by exercising coercion.Gourevitch 18 ~Alex; Brown University; "The Right to Strike: A Radical View," American Political Science Review; 2018; https://sci-hub.se/10.1017/s0003055418000321~~ Justin AND liberties nor the related laws that strikers violate when using certain coercive tactics. The aff has a deontological obligation to be topical.Nebel 15: Jake Nebel,"The Priority of Resolutional Semantics by Jake Nebel," Briefly, https://www.vbriefly.com/2015/02/20/the-priority-of-resolutional-semantics-by-jake-nebel/==== | 12/4/21 |
3-ND-Log Con NC v1Tournament: Blue Key | Round: 6 | Opponent: American Heritage NR | Judge: Das, Sreyaash 4Permissibility and presumption negate – a. the resolution indicates the affirmative is proactive, and permissibility would deny the existence of an obligation b. Statements are more often false than true because any part can be false. This means you negate if there is no offense because the resolution is probably false.The neg burden is to prove that the aff won’t logically happen in the status quo, and the aff burden is to prove that it will.Top of Form Prefer:1~ Text –A~ Ought is "used to express logical consequence" as defined by Merriam-Webster(http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/ought) Massa B~ Oxford Dictionary defines ought as "used to indicate something that is probable."https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/ought Massa 2~ Debatability – a) it focuses debates on empirics about squo trends rather than irresolvable abstract principles that’ve been argued for years B~ moral framework debate is impossible- we can only tell what is from experiences not what ought to be3~ Neg definition choice – the aff should have defined ought in the 1ac because it was in the rez so it’s predictable contestation, by not doing so they have forfeited their right to read a new definition – kills 1NC strategy since I premised my engagement on a lack of your definition.Negate: 1~ Inherency – either a) the aff is non-inherent and you vote neg on presumption or b) it is and it isn’t going to happen.2~ A guarantee for all workers won’t happen. Even if the private sector gets the right to strike, public workers will be excludedNolan 4/13 Hamilton Nolan, 4-13-2020, "Public Sector's Right to Strike Is Left Behind in Biden-Bernie Task Force," Truthout, https://truthout.org/articles/public-sectors-right-to-strike-is-left-behind-in-biden-bernie-task-force/, SJLW AND right to strike—the single most potent weapon in any union’s toolbox. 3~ Zeno’s Paradox – to go anywhere, you must go halfway first, and then you must go half of the remaining distance, and half of the remaining distance, and so forth to infinity – thus, motion is impossible because it necessitates traversing an infinite number of spaces in a finite amount of time. If movement is impossible, so recognizing a strike isn’t a logical consequence of the rez.Additionally, in order to say I want to fix x problem, you must say that you want x problem to exist, since it requires the problem exist to solve, which makes any moral attempt inherently immoral 1~ Merrian websters defines to ashttps://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/to AND or condition suggestive of movement toward a place, person, or thing reached But just governments can’t move to an obligations so rez is incoherent2~ Merrian Websters defines right ashttps://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/right But there is no base for strikes to be perpendicular to, so the rez does nothing3~ Merrian websters defines Strike as to delete something 4~ Merrian Websters defines workers asany of the sexually underdeveloped and usually sterile members of a colony of social ants, bees, wasps, or termites that perform most of the labor and protective duties of the colony | 10/30/21 |
3-ND-Log Con NC v2Tournament: Longhorn Classic | Round: Quarters | Opponent: Sage MP | Judge: Panel 2Presumption and permissibility negate – a) more often false than true since I can prove something false in infinite ways which outweighs on probabilityb) real world policies require positive justification before being adopted which outweighs on empiricsc) ought means the aff is proactive if they win that definition which means lack of proactivity negates. these args still negate under comparative worlds since it requires them to prove the statement that "the aff world is more desirable than the neg world" true but we deny their ability to do so which means presume neg. Also, I don’t need to win presumption to win, I just need to win any of the arguments below because the aff is false, not just no offense and if I’m textual I’m fair because the topic is the most predictable, so you could’ve engaged.d~ Affirmation theory- Affirming requires unconditionally maintaining an obligationAffirm ~is to~: maintain as true. The aff burden is to prove that the aff will logically happen in the status quoTop of Form Prefer:1~ Text – o/w on common usage b/c 2 defsA~ Ought is "used to express logical consequence" as defined by Merriam-Webster(http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/ought) Massa B~ Oxford Dictionary defines ought as "used to indicate something that is probable."https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/ought Massa c~ "Should" means a logical consequence – 2 definitions.Merriam-Webster. No Date. "Definition of Should." Merriam Webster Dictionary Online. https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/should. NM AND that a guide … is the first essential — L. D. Reddick 2~ Debatability – a. it focuses debates on empirics about squo trends rather than irresolvable abstract principles that’ve been argued for yearsb. the neg forces the most real world debates because it forces us to actually take into consideration things that are possible as opposed to abstract policymaking that’s impossible which means we are more material – the aff’s method just imagines we magically pass something that will never happen whereas we discuss real trends which link turns education claimsc. Prediction is impossible. Any action can lead to a domino effect that can have disastrous impacts in the end. For example, if I sneeze, it could lead to a butterfly effect that eventually causes my sneeze to form into a hurricane and kill thousands.3~ Neg definition choice – the aff should have defined ought in the 1ac because it was in the rez so it’s predictable contestation, by not doing so they have forfeited their right to read a new definition – kills 1NC strategy since I premised my engagement on a lack of your definition.4~ Log con isn’t mutually exclusive with comparative worlds a) logic is a side constraint on desirability b) proves why it’s not desirable since taking impossible actions are net bad since they produce no benefits and only opportunity costs c) reinterprets to the more logical world rather than more desireable world.Negate: 1~ Inherency – either a) the aff is non-inherent and you vote neg on presumption or b) it is and it isn’t going to happen.2Presumption and permissibility negate – a) more often false than true since I can prove something false in infinite ways which outweighs on probabilityb) real world policies require positive justification before being adopted which outweighs on empiricsc) ought means the aff is proactive if they win that definition which means lack of proactivity negates. these args still negate under comparative worlds since it requires them to prove the statement that "the aff world is more desirable than the neg world" true but we deny their ability to do so which means presume neg. Also, I don’t need to win presumption to win, I just need to win any of the arguments below because the aff is false, not just no offense and if I’m textual I’m fair because the topic is the most predictable, so you could’ve engaged.d~ Affirmation theory- Affirming requires unconditionally maintaining an obligationAffirm ~is to~: maintain as true. The aff burden is to prove that the aff will logically happen in the status quoTop of Form Prefer:1~ Text – o/w on common usage b/c 2 defsA~ Ought is "used to express logical consequence" as defined by Merriam-Webster(http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/ought) Massa B~ Oxford Dictionary defines ought as "used to indicate something that is probable."https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/ought Massa c~ "Should" means a logical consequence – 2 definitions.Merriam-Webster. No Date. "Definition of Should." Merriam Webster Dictionary Online. https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/should. NM AND that a guide … is the first essential — L. D. Reddick 2~ Debatability – a. it focuses debates on empirics about squo trends rather than irresolvable abstract principles that’ve been argued for yearsb. the neg forces the most real world debates because it forces us to actually take into consideration things that are possible as opposed to abstract policymaking that’s impossible which means we are more material – the aff’s method just imagines we magically pass something that will never happen whereas we discuss real trends which link turns education claimsc. Prediction is impossible. Any action can lead to a domino effect that can have disastrous impacts in the end. For example, if I sneeze, it could lead to a butterfly effect that eventually causes my sneeze to form into a hurricane and kill thousands.3~ Neg definition choice – the aff should have defined ought in the 1ac because it was in the rez so it’s predictable contestation, by not doing so they have forfeited their right to read a new definition – kills 1NC strategy since I premised my engagement on a lack of your definition.4~ Log con isn’t mutually exclusive with comparative worlds a) logic is a side constraint on desirability b) proves why it’s not desirable since taking impossible actions are net bad since they produce no benefits and only opportunity costs c) reinterprets to the more logical world rather than more desireable world.Negate: 1~ Inherency – either a) the aff is non-inherent and you vote neg on presumption or b) it is and it isn’t going to happen. | 4/23/22 |
3-ND-ParadoxesTournament: Longhorn Classic | Round: Quarters | Opponent: Sage MP | Judge: Panel 2~ just describes what is "(of treatment) deserved or appropriate in the circumstances" but the res doesn’t specify circumstances3~ government is "direction; control; management; rule" but a direction can’t perform an action5~ recognize is to "(of a person presiding at a meeting or debate) call on (someone) to speak" but a right can’t speakParadox of tolerance- to be completely open to the aff we must exclude perspectives that wouldn’t be open to it which makes complete tolerance impossible.3~ Decision Making Paradox- We need a decision-making procedure to enact the aff, but to choose a procedure requires another meta level decision-making procedure and so forth leading to infinite regress.4~ The Place Paradox- if everything exists in a place, that place must have a place that it exists in and so forth. Therefore, identifying ought statements is impossible since it assumes the space-time continuum.5~ Grain Paradox- One grain falling makes no sound, but a thousand grains make a sound. A thousand nothings cannot make something which means the physical world is paradoxical.6~ Arrows Paradox- If time is divided into 0-duration slices, no motion is happening in each of them, so taking them all as a whole, motion is impossible.7~ Bonini’s Paradox- As a model of a complex system becomes more complete, it becomes less understandable and vice versa; therefore, no model can be useful.~8~ Rule following fails a) We can infinitely question why to follow that rule, as all rules will terminate at the assertion of some principle with no further justification b) Rule are arbitrary since the agent has the ability to formulate a unique understanding of them. It becomes impossible to say someone is violating a rule, since they can always perceive their actions as a non-violation.~9~ you can’t be sure anything besides yourself exists – we could be deceived by a demon, dreaming, or in a simulation so the whole world could be nonexistent which nonunique your offense | 4/23/22 |
3-ROB-Truth TestingTournament: TFA State | Round: 6 | Opponent: Claudia Taylor AP | Judge: Yoakum, Alex 2The role of the ballot is to determine whether the resolution is a true or false statementScalar methods rely on intervention – the persuasion of certain DA or advantages sway decisions – only a binary resolves that and prevents intervention which is the biggest impact under fairness.Substantive skews – there is always a more correct side of the topic but we compensate for flaws in the lit.Most inclusive because other ROBs allow for oppression Olympics allowing personal lives and experiences to factor in decisions.The ballot says vote aff or neg based on a topic – five dictionaries define to negate as to deny the truth of and affirm as to prove true which means it’s constitutive and jurisdictional – that outweighs – all your arguments presume the judge evaluates them and controls the IL to resistance strategies since the rules of the activity is what we base our arguments on. Without jurisdiction it allows for judges to hack against minorities- only jurisdiction keeps them in line. Means you auto negate because no matter what the affirmative says, you simply cannot evalute their arguments.Logical arguments aren’t justified in a vacuum – they’re in the context of the resolution so we only defend the resolutional application – misapplications are infinitely regressive since every argument can be used to justify something bad so you should frame this debate through specificityNegate:1~ The aff doesn’t disprove the truth or falsity of the resolution so presume negative - statements are more often false than true because any part can be false. This means you negate if there is no offense because the resolution is probably false. | 3/12/22 |
3-SO-Kant NC v1Tournament: Grapevine | Round: 3 | Opponent: Cypress Woods AZ | Judge: Sun, Favian 21NC – FWPermissibility and presumption negate – ~a~ the resolution indicates the aff has to prove an obligation, and permissibility would deny the existence of an obligation ~b~ Statements are more often false than true because any part can be false. This means you negate if there is no offense because the resolution is probably false.Ethics must begin a priori:~1~ Uncertainty – our experiences are inaccessible to others which allows people to say they don’t experience the same, however a priori principles are universally applied to all agents.~2~ Bindingness – I can keep asking "why should I follow this" which results in skep since obligations are predicated on ignorantly accepting rules. Only reason solves since asking "why reason?" requires reason which concedes its authority and equally proves agency as constitutiveThat means we must universally will maxims— any non-universalizable norm justifies someone’s ability to impede on your ends.Thus, the standard is consistency with the categorical imperative.Prefer the standard: ~a~ freedom is the key to the process of justification of arguments. Willing that we should abide by their ethical theory presupposes that we own ourselves in the first place. Thus, it is logically incoherent to justify the neg arguments/standard without first willing that we can pursue ends free from others ~b~ Frameworks are topicality interps of the word ought so they should be theoretically justified. Prefer on resource disparities—a focus on evidence and statistics privileges debaters with the most preround prep which excludes lone-wolfs who lack huge evidence files. A debate under my framework can easily be won without any prep since huge evidence files aren’t required.1NC – Offense2~The aff encourages free riding- that treats people as ¬means to an end and takes advantage of their efforts which violates the principle of humanityVan Dyke 2 Raymond Van Dyke, 7-17-2018, "The Categorical Imperative for Innovation and Patenting," IPWatchdog, https://www.ipwatchdog.com/2018/07/17/categorical-imperative-innovation-patenting/id=99178/ SJDA recut SJKS AND theft of property, whether tangible or intangible, apart from legitimate exigencies. 3~IPs are a necessary check on companies free-riding off associations of quality.Wong et al 20 ~Liana, Ian, and Shayerah; Analyst in International Trade and Finance; Specialist in International Trade and Finance; Specialist in International Trade and Finance; "Intellectual Property Rights and International Trade," *Updated* 5/12/20; CRS; https://www.everycrsreport.com/files/20200512'RL34292'2023354cc06b0a4425a2c5e02c0b13024426d206.pdf~~ Justin AND by registration with the PTO, through a process similar to trademark registration. | 9/11/21 |
3-SO-Kant NC v2Tournament: Greenhill | Round: 6 | Opponent: Immaculate Heart BC | Judge: McLoughlin, Sam 2Permissibility and presumption negate – ~a~ the resolution indicates the aff has to prove an obligation, and permissibility would deny the existence of an obligation ~b~ Statements are more often false than true because any part can be false. This means you negate if there is no offense because the resolution is probably false.Ethics must begin a priori:~1~ Uncertainty – our experiences are inaccessible to others which allows people to say they don’t experience the same, however a priori principles are universally applied to all agents.~2~ Bindingness – I can keep asking "why should I follow this" which results in skep since obligations are predicated on ignorantly accepting rules. Only reason solves since asking "why reason?" requires reason which concedes its authority and equally proves agency as constitutiveThat means we must universally maxims— any non-universalizable norm justifies someone’s ability to impede on your ends.Thus, the standard is consistency with the categorical imperative.Prefer the standard: ~a~ Frameworks are topicality interps of the word ought so they should be theoretically justified. Prefer on resource disparities—a focus on evidence and statistics privileges debaters with the most preround prep which excludes lone-wolfs who lack huge evidence files. A debate under my framework can easily be won without any prep since huge evidence files aren’t required.Negate:1~ Intellectual property is an inalienable personal right of economic usePozzo 6 Pozzo, Riccardo. "Immanuel Kant on Intellectual Property." Trans/Form/Ação, vol. 29, no. 2, 2006, pp. 11–18., doi:10.1590/s0101-31732006000200002. SJDA recut Cookie JX AND he was to make, as we say today, a free use. 2~The aff violates the categorical imperative and is non-universalizable- governments have a binding obligation to protect creationsVan Dyke 18 Raymond Van Dyke, 7-17-2018, "The Categorical Imperative for Innovation and Patenting," IPWatchdog, https://www.ipwatchdog.com/2018/07/17/categorical-imperative-innovation-patenting/id=99178/ SJDA recut SJKS AND trade secret protection would become the mainstay for society with the heightened distrust. 3~The aff encourages free riding- that treats people as ¬means to an end and takes advantage of their efforts which violates the principle of humanityVan Dyke 2 Raymond Van Dyke, 7-17-2018, "The Categorical Imperative for Innovation and Patenting," IPWatchdog, https://www.ipwatchdog.com/2018/07/17/categorical-imperative-innovation-patenting/id=99178/ SJDA recut SJKS AND theft of property, whether tangible or intangible, apart from legitimate exigencies. | 9/19/21 |
3-SO-Log Con NCTournament: Loyola | Round: 2 | Opponent: Eden Prairie AG | Judge: Sinha, Abhinav 3Permissibility and presumption negate – ~a~ the resolution indicates the aff has to prove an obligation, and permissibility would deny the existence of an obligation ~b~ Statements are more often false than true because any part can be false. This means you negate if there is no offense because the resolution is probably false.The aff burden is to prove that the resolutional statement is logical, and the reciprocal neg burden is to prove that the resolutional statement is illogical.Prefer:1. Text – Oxford Dictionary defines ought as "used to indicate something that is probable."https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/ought Massa Ought is "used to express logical consequence" as defined by Merriam-Webster(http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/ought) Massa 2. Debatability – a) my interp means debates focus on empirics about squo trends rather than irresolvable abstract principles that’ve been argued for years b) Moral oughts cannot guide action.Gray, Grey, JW. "The Is/Ought Gap: How Do We Get "Ought" from "Is?"" Ethical Realism. N.p., 19 July 2011. Web. 28 Oct. 2015. Massa AND arsenic. If it is, we have some more explaining to do. 4. Neg definition choice – The aff should have defined ought in the 1ac as their value, by not doing so they have forfeited their right to read a new definition – kills 1NC strategy since I premised my engagement on a lack of your definition.Negate:~1~ Inherency – either a) the aff is non-inherent and you vote neg on presumption or b) it is and it isn’t logically going to happen.~2~ In order to say I want to fix x problem, you must say that you want x problem to exist, since it requires the problem exist to solve, which makes any moral attempt inherently immoral.~3~ member means "a body part or organ" (Marriam Webster) but a nation cannot have bodily organs so the resolutions incoherent~4~ Property means "a building" (Oxford Languages) so reducing intellectual buildings is incoherent | 12/4/21 |
3-SO-Log Con NC v2Tournament: Valley | Round: 6 | Opponent: Prospect ST | Judge: Lakshman, Rohit 4Permissibility and presumption negate – ~a~ the resolution indicates the aff has to prove an obligation, and permissibility would deny the existence of an obligation ~b~ Statements are more often false than true because any part can be false. This means you negate if there is no offense because the resolution is probably false.The aff burden is to prove that the resolutional statement is logical, and the reciprocal neg burden is to prove that the resolutional statement is illogical.Prefer:1. Text – Oxford Dictionary defines ought as "used to indicate something that is probable."https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/ought Massa Ought is "used to express logical consequence" as defined by Merriam-Webster(http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/ought) Massa 2. Debatability – a) my interp means debates focus on empirics about squo trends rather than irresolvable abstract principles that’ve been argued for years4. Neg definition choice – The aff should have defined ought in the 1ac as their value, by not doing so they have forfeited their right to read a new definition – kills 1NC strategy since I premised my engagement on a lack of your definition.Negate:~1~ Inherency – either a) the aff is non-inherent and you vote neg on presumption or b) it is and it isn’t logically going to happen.~2~ In order to say I want to fix x problem, you must say that you want x problem to exist, since it requires the problem exist to solve, which makes any moral attempt inherently immoral.~3~ member means "a body part or organ" (Marriam Webster) but a nation cannot have bodily organs so the resolutions incoherent~4~ Property means "a building" (Oxford Languages) so reducing intellectual buildings is incoherent | 9/26/21 |
3-Util NC v1Tournament: Loyola | Round: 2 | Opponent: Eden Prairie AG | Judge: Sinha, Abhinav 4The standard is maximizing expected wellbeing.1~ Actor spec—governments must use util because they don’t have intentions and are constantly dealing with tradeoffs—outweighs since different agents have different obligations—takes out calc indicts since they are empirically denied.2~ Death is bad and outweighs – a~ agents can’t act if they fear for their bodily security which constrains every ethical theory, b~ it destroys the subject itself – kills any ability to achieve value in ethics since life is a prerequisite which means it’s a side constraint since we can’t reach the end goal of ethics without life3~ Pleasure and pain are the starting point for moral reasoning—they’re our most baseline desires and the only things that explain the intrinsic value of objects or actionsMoen 16, Ole Martin (PhD, Research Fellow in Philosophy at University of Oslo). "An Argument for Hedonism." Journal of Value Inquiry 50.2 (2016): 267. AND notion of legal standing will outstrip the power relations that ground Pettit’s theory. 4~ Extinction outweighsMacAskill 14 ~William, Oxford Philosopher and youngest tenured philosopher in the world, Normative Uncertainty, 2014~ AND with the benefit of keeping one’s options open while one gains new information. | 12/4/21 |
3-Util NC v2Tournament: Greenhill | Round: 4 | Opponent: DTHS HV | Judge: Karavadi, Sai The standard is minimizing death: 1~ Death is bad and outweighs – a~ agents can’t act if they fear for their bodily security which constrains every ethical theory, b~ it destroys the subject itself – kills any ability to achieve value in ethics since life is a prerequisite which means it’s a side constraint since we can’t reach the end goal of ethics without life 2~ Extinction outweighs AND with the benefit of keeping one’s options open while one gains new information. 3~ Evolutionary analysis proves offensive realism. AND in which human brains and behaviors evolved. But what was that context? 4~Youth participatory action research enables transformative resistance and is crucial to make activism work AND means by which young people engage transformational resistance. (1-4) | 9/19/21 |
3-Util NC v3Tournament: Valley | Round: 6 | Opponent: Prospect ST | Judge: Lakshman, Rohit 2The standard is maximizing expected wellbeing.1~ No intent foresight distinction for states – governments must use util because they don’t have intentions and are constantly dealing with tradeoffs—outweighs since different agents have different obligations—takes out calc indicts since they are empirically denied.Enoch 07 Enoch, D ~The Faculty of Law, The Hebrew Unviersity, Mount Scopus Campus, Jersusalem~. (2007). INTENDING, FORESEEING, AND THE STATE. Legal Theory, 13(02). doi:10.1017/s1352325207070048 https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/legal-theory/article/intending-foreseeing-and-the-state/76B18896B94D5490ED0512D8E8DC54B2 AND against the intending-foreseeing distinction when applied to state action than elsewhere. 2~ Death is bad and outweighs – a~ agents can’t act if they fear for their bodily security which constrains every ethical theory, b~ it destroys the subject itself – kills any ability to achieve value in ethics since life is a prerequisite which means it’s a side constraint since we can’t reach the end goal of ethics without life3~ Extinction outweighsMacAskill 14 ~William, Oxford Philosopher and youngest tenured philosopher in the world, Normative Uncertainty, 2014~ AND with the benefit of keeping one’s options open while one gains new information. 4~ Reject calc indicts:A~ Empirically denied—both individuals and policymakers carry out effective cost-benefit analysis which means even if decisions aren’t always perfect it’s still better than not acting at allB~ Theory—they’re functionally NIBs that everyone knows are silly but skew the aff and move the debate away from the topic and actual philosophical debate, killing valuable education5~ Util is key to debates about IP.Kar 19 ~Mohit; Writer at the Original Position; "Utilitarianism in the Context of Intellectual Property," The Original Position; 9/18/19; https://originalpositionnluj.wordpress.com/2019/09/18/utilitarianism-in-the-context-of-intellectual-property/~~ Justin AND offset by the prospect of obtaining license fees on their own patents.’ Outweighs –A~ Most articles about IP are written through util – means other frameworks can never engage with core questions of the lit and decks predictability – equal topic lit means fair ground.B~ TJFs first – substance begs the question of a framework being good for debate – fairness is a gateway issue to deciding the winner and education is the reason schools fund debate. | 9/26/21 |
3-Util NC v4Tournament: Blue Key | Round: 2 | Opponent: King AT | Judge: Wang-Choi, Jeong 2The standard is maximizing expected wellbeing-hedonistic act util1~ Actor spec—governments must use util because they don’t have intentions and are constantly dealing with tradeoffs—outweighs since different agents have different obligations—takes out calc indicts since they are empirically denied.2~ Death is bad and outweighs – a~ agents can’t act if they fear for their bodily security which constrains every ethical theory, b~ it destroys the subject itself – kills any ability to achieve value in ethics since life is a prerequisite which means it’s a side constraint since we can’t reach the end goal of ethics without life3~ Pleasure and pain are the starting point for moral reasoning—they’re our most baseline desires and the only things that explain the intrinsic value of objects or actionsMoen 16, Ole Martin (PhD, Research Fellow in Philosophy at University of Oslo). "An Argument for Hedonism." Journal of Value Inquiry 50.2 (2016): 267. AND notion of legal standing will outstrip the power relations that ground Pettit’s theory. 4~ Extinction outweighsMacAskill 14 ~William, Oxford Philosopher and youngest tenured philosopher in the world, Normative Uncertainty, 2014~ AND with the benefit of keeping one’s options open while one gains new information. 5~ No intent-foresight distinction for states.Enoch 07 Enoch, D ~The Faculty of Law, The Hebrew Unviersity, Mount Scopus Campus, Jersusalem~. (2007). INTENDING, FORESEEING, AND THE STATE. Legal Theory, 13(02). doi:10.1017/s1352325207070048 https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/legal-theory/article/intending-foreseeing-and-the-state/76B18896B94D5490ED0512D8E8DC54B2 AND against the intending-foreseeing distinction when applied to state action than elsewhere. 6~ Only consequentialism explains degrees of wrongness—if I break a promise to meet up for lunch, that is not as bad as breaking a promise to take a dying person to the hospital. Only the consequences of breaking the promise explain why the second one is much worse than the first which is the most intuitive.Outweighs- A~ Parsimony- metaphysics relies on long chains of questionable claims that make conclusions less likely. B~ Hijacks- intuitions are inevitable since even every framework must take some unjustified assumption as a starting point.7~ Calc indicts fail: A~ Ethics- it would indict everything since they use events to understand how their ethics have worked B~ Reciprocity- they are NIBs that create a 2:1 skew where I have to answer them to access offense while they only have to win one C~ Internalism- asking why we value pain and pleasure is nonsensical cuz the answer is intrinsic since we just do, which means we still prefer hedonism despite shortcomings. | 10/30/21 |
3-Util NC v5Tournament: Emory | Round: 3 | Opponent: Claudia Taylor AP | Judge: Clark-Villanueva, Leah 1The standard is maximizing expected wellbeing-hedonistic act util1~ Actor spec—governments must use util because they don’t have intentions and are constantly dealing with tradeoffs—outweighs since different agents have different obligations—takes out calc indicts since they are empirically denied.2~ Death is bad and outweighs – a~ agents can’t act if they fear for their bodily security which constrains every ethical theory, b~ it destroys the subject itself – kills any ability to achieve value in ethics since life is a prerequisite which means it’s a side constraint since we can’t reach the end goal of ethics without life3~ Pleasure and pain are the starting point for moral reasoning—they’re our most baseline desires and the only things that explain the intrinsic value of objects or actionsMoen 16, Ole Martin (PhD, Research Fellow in Philosophy at University of Oslo). "An Argument for Hedonism." Journal of Value Inquiry 50.2 (2016): 267. AND notion of legal standing will outstrip the power relations that ground Pettit’s theory. 4~ Extinction outweighsMacAskill 14 ~William, Oxford Philosopher and youngest tenured philosopher in the world, Normative Uncertainty, 2014~ AND with the benefit of keeping one’s options open while one gains new information. 5~ No intent-foresight distinction for states.Enoch 07 Enoch, D ~The Faculty of Law, The Hebrew Unviersity, Mount Scopus Campus, Jersusalem~. (2007). INTENDING, FORESEEING, AND THE STATE. Legal Theory, 13(02). doi:10.1017/s1352325207070048 https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/legal-theory/article/intending-foreseeing-and-the-state/76B18896B94D5490ED0512D8E8DC54B2 AND against the intending-foreseeing distinction when applied to state action than elsewhere. 6~ Only consequentialism explains degrees of wrongness—if I break a promise to meet up for lunch, that is not as bad as breaking a promise to take a dying person to the hospital. Only the consequences of breaking the promise explain why the second one is much worse than the first which is the most intuitive. | 1/28/22 |
CT- AMR GoodTournament: St Marks | Round: 3 | Opponent: Aragon ZA | Judge: Dossani, Faizzan 1NC - AMR1~ alt cause- your own evidence says "poor infection control, inadequate sanitary conditions and inappropriate food handling" are what causes the spread2~ No extinction from pandemicsDeath rates as high as 50 didn’t collapse civilization AND to re-establish or bad luck in our attempts to do so. 3~ Superbug impact is hypeTyson 12~{Greg, syndicated science columnist, PhD student in microbiology (Northwestern), "Tipping Point: The Threat of Antibiotic Resistance," Helix, 8/17, http://helix.northwestern.edu/article/tipping-point-threat-antibiotic-resistance~~} AND if we continue to ignore the problem, it can only get worse. 4~ Interconnectedness is balanced by increased immunity and advances in medicine and sanitationDr. John Halstead 19, Doctorate in Political Philosophy, "Cause Area Report: Existential Risk, Founders Pledge", https://founderspledge.com/research/Cause20Area20Report20-20Existential20Risk.pdf AND advancements in medicine and sanitation limit the potential damage an outbreak might do. 5~ Humans are too dispersed and disease trends against lethalitySebastian Farquhar 17, director at Oxford's Global Priorities Project, Owen Cotton-Barratt, a Lecturer in Mathematics at St Hugh’s College, Oxford, John Halstead, Stefan Schubert, Haydn Belfield, Andrew Snyder-Beattie, "Existential Risk Diplomacy and Governance", GLOBAL PRIORITIES PROJECT 2017, 1/23/2017, https://www.fhi.ox.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/Existential-Risks-2017-01-23.pdf AND co-evolve with their hosts rather than kill all possible hosts.39 Large-scale diseases solve nuclear war—-it’s likely now.Barry. R. Posen 20. Ford International Professor of Political Science at MIT and Director Emeritus of the MIT Security Studies Program. 4/23/2020. "Do Pandemics Promote Peace?" https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/china/2020-04-23/do-pandemics-promote-peace. DOA: 9/2/2020. SIR. AND feed their reasonable pessimism about the likely outcome of even a conventional war. Disease pandemics decrease the likelihood of warWalt 20 (Stephen M. Walt is the Robert and Renée Belfer professor of international relations at Harvard University; "Will a Global Depression Trigger Another World War?"; Foreign Policy; May 13, 2020; https://foreignpolicy.com/2020/05/13/coronavirus-pandemic-depression-economy-world-war/; ERB) AND going after Iran or Venezuela at a moment when thousands of Americans are dying | 10/17/21 |
CT- Cap Good v2Tournament: Harvard Westlake | Round: 4 | Opponent: Orange Lutheran AZ | Judge: Mork, Alexandra Cap goodFraming issue for the cap debate – their Shammas and Holen evidence proves the link but does not justify why capitalism is unsustainable – don’t do that work for them or let them shift or read ev in the 1arGrowth is sustainable – yes absolute decouplingHausfather 4/6 ~(Zeke, climate scientist and energy systems analyst whose research focuses on observational temperature records, climate models, and mitigation technologies, PhD in climate science from the University of California, Berkeley, former research scientist with Berkeley Earth, senior climate analyst at Project Drawdown, and US analyst for Carbon Brief) "Absolute Decoupling of Economic Growth and Emissions in 32 Countries," Breakthrough Institute, 4/6/2021~ JL AND by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) do just that. Growth is sustainable and inevitable – unparalleled data proves tech solves, but transition doesn’t.Bailey ’16 (Ronald; 12/16/16; B.A. in Philosophy and B.A. Economics from the University of Virginia, member of the Society of Environmental Journalists and the American Society for Bioethics and Humanities, citing a compilation of interdisciplinary research; Reason, "Is Economic Growth Environmentally Sustainable?" http://reason.com/archives/2016/12/16/is-economic-growth-environmentally-sust1) AND this century while reducing resource consumption and restoring the natural world? Yes. Capitalism solves environmental crisis - industrial development, technological advances, and any alternative failsZitelmann 20 ~(Dr. Rainer, a historian and sociologist. He is also a world-renowned author, successful businessman and real estate investor. Zitelmann has written a total of 24 books and has a doctorate in political science and sociology) "‘System Change Not Climate Change’: Capitalism And Environmental Destruction" Forbes, 7/13/2020~ BC AND in the history of mankind—that provides better environmental solutions than capitalism. Capitalism solves war – its anti-imperialist.Mousseau 19, Michael. "The end of war: How a robust marketplace and liberal hegemony are leading to perpetual world peace." International Security 44.1 (2019): 160-196. Props to DML for finding. (Professor in the School of Politics, Security, and International Affairs at the University of Central Florida)Elmer AND member (currently the United States) to preserve and protect the global order | 1/16/22 |
CT- Capitalism GoodTournament: Glenbrooks | Round: 4 | Opponent: DTHS HV | Judge: Bukowsky, Holden CaseExtinction o/w under your FW- it’s the biggest form of violence because it kills souls, prevents connection between bodies and affective relations, comes as a prior question to unconscious death because it’s a question of how our brains are orientedCap is good:1~ It’s sustainable – data proves we’re entering the golden ageHausfather 21 – a climate scientist and energy systems analyst whose research focuses on observational temperature records, climate models, and mitigation technologies. He spent 10 years working as a data scientist and entrepreneur in the cleantech sector, where he was the lead data scientist at Essess, the chief scientist at C3.ai, and the cofounder and chief scientist of Efficiency 2.0. He also worked as a research scientist with Berkeley Earth, was the senior climate analyst at Project Drawdown, and the US analyst for Carbon Brief. He has masters degrees in environmental science from Yale University and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam and a PhD in climate science from the University of California, Berkeley. (Zeke, "Absolute Decoupling of Economic Growth and Emissions in 32 Countries," Breakthrough Institute, 4-6-2021, https://thebreakthrough.org/issues/energy/absolute-decoupling-of-economic-growth-and-emissions-in-32-countries, Accessed 4-11-2021, LASA-SC) AND , transportation, buildings) than in others (industrial processes, agriculture). 2~ Tech dematerialization secures sustainability.McAfee 19, *Andrew Paul McAfee, a principal research scientist at MIT, is cofounder and codirector of the MIT Initiative on the Digital Economy at the MIT Sloan School of Management; (2019, "More from Less: The Surprising Story of How We Learned to Prosper Using Fewer Resources and What Happens Next", https://b-ok.cc/book/5327561/8acdbe) AND , which are the first of the two pairs of forces causing dematerialization. 3~ Yes absolute decoupling – consumption is decliningNordhaus 20 ~Ted Nordhaus is an American author, environmental policy expert, and the director of research at The Breakthrough Institute, "Must Growth Doom the Planet?", https://www.thenewatlantis.com/publications/must-growth-doom-the-planet~~ AND given a global economy today that still features robust population and income growth. 4~ The alternative locks in warming – its Try-Or-Die.Klein 8/31/21, Opinion Writer at the New York Times, former Founder of Vox, and author of "Why We’re Polarized" (Ezra, "Transcript: Ezra Klein Answers Listener Questions" from ‘The Ezra Klein Show’ podcast, The New York Times, https://www.nytimes.com/2021/08/31/podcasts/transcript-ezra-klein-ask-me-anything.html, Accessed 09-1-2021) AND people give on this, and I’ve never found one that is convincing. 5~ People use low-cost fuels instead of renewables.George MONBIOT 9. Fellowship and Professorships, Oxford. "Is There Any Point in Fighting to Stave Off Industrial Apocalypse." Guardian. August 17. http://www.guardian.co.uk/commentisfree/cif-green/2009/aug/17/environment-climate-change. AND over. This is hardly conducive to the rational use of natural assets. 6~ Capitalism solves war – its anti-imperialist.Mousseau 19, Michael. "The end of war: How a robust marketplace and liberal hegemony are leading to perpetual world peace." International Security 44.1 (2019): 160-196. Props to DML for finding. (Professor in the School of Politics, Security, and International Affairs at the University of Central Florida)Elmer AND member (currently the United States) to preserve and protect the global order Cap solves war on a massive scaleDafoe 14, Political Science and International Economics (Allan and Nina Kelsey; assistant professor in political science at Yale and research associate in international economics at Berkeley; Journal of Peace Research, "Observing the capitalist peace: Examining market-mediated signaling and other mechanisms," http://jpr.sagepub.com.proxy.lib.umich.edu/content/51/5/619.full) AND capital costs from political risk, monetary coercion, and business sanctions. T Cap is key to space exploration and developmentBlundell 4 ~John, director general of the Institute of Economic Affairs, "Mission to Mars must go private to succeed", Feb 2, http://news.scotsman.com/marsexploration/Mission-to-Mars-must-go.2499794.jp~~ AND a discovery procedure". Science is an open system. So is capitalism. Space k2 solve long-term extinction.Pelton 3 ~Joseph N. Pelton is director of the Space and Advanced Communications Research Institute at George Washington University and executive director of the Arthur C. Clarke Foundation "COMMENTARY: Why Space? The Top 10 Reasons", Sept 12, http://www.space.com/news/commentary'top10'030912.html~~ AND Program is actually a prudent course that could save our species in time. | 11/21/21 |
CT- Capitalism Good v2Tournament: UNLV | Round: 4 | Opponent: Harvard Westlake EJ | Judge: Cook, River | 2/6/22 |
CT- DeDevTournament: Loyola | Round: 6 | Opponent: Immaculate Heart JL | Judge: Gedela, Tej Case1NC- DeDevNo war - Cheap talk solves.Carter 18 Erin Baggott Carter, International Relations Professor at the University of Southern California. ~Diversionary Cheap Talk: Unemployment and US Foreign Policy Rhetoric, 1945-2010, http://www.erinbcarter.org/documents/diversionUS.pdf~~//BPS AND rhetorical aspects of international politics remain under-theorized and under-explored. Downturn won’t cause war – prefer post-COVID evidenceWalt 5/13 (Stephen M. Walt is the Robert and Renée Belfer professor of international relations at Harvard University; 5/13/20; "Will a Global Depression Trigger Another World War?"; Foreign Policy; https://foreignpolicy.com/2020/05/13/coronavirus-pandemic-depression-economy-world-war/) AND moment in history, I’m going to hope I’m right about this one. Growth means extinction:Warming – Growth causes converging ecological crises that culminate in extinctionWilliams ‘19 (Casey Williams; freelance writer covering climate, environment, and labor politics, citing Ingrid Visseren-Hamakers, associate professor of environmental science and policy at George Mason University and a coordinating lead author of the IPBES report; 5/16/19; "The "Great Dying" Has Begun. Only Transforming the Economy Can Stop It."; Medium; https://onezero.medium.com/the-great-dying-has-begun-only-transforming-the-economy-can-stop-it-4eadd8f7ccf8) AND normal to talk about transformation, which is nothing less than a revolution." Society is unsustainably complex – that ensures a global cognitive collapse – extinction.Annunziata and McManus ’1-11—former Chief Economist and Head of Business Innovation Strategy at General Electric AND Visiting Research Fellow at Autodesk, Senior Advisor at BCG (Marco and Mickey, "The Great Cognitive Depression," https://www.forbes.com/sites/marcoannunziata/2019/01/11/the-great-cognitive-depression/~~#49ed9dc174c1, dml) AND nothing we may ultimately wash up on the shores from a watery grave. Economic crisis sparks widespread movements towards localized sustainability.Trainer ’19—Conjoint Lecturer in the School of Social Sciences, University of New South Wales (Ted, "Entering the era of limits and scarcity: the radical implications for social theory," Journal of Political Ecology Vol. 26, 2019, dml) AND demands for more jobs and higher incomes rather than system replacement. The Goldilocks | 9/5/21 |
CT- DeDev v2Tournament: Greenhill | Round: 6 | Opponent: Immaculate Heart BC | Judge: McLoughlin, Sam No war - Cheap talk solves.Carter 18 Erin Baggott Carter, International Relations Professor at the University of Southern California. ~Diversionary Cheap Talk: Unemployment and US Foreign Policy Rhetoric, 1945-2010, http://www.erinbcarter.org/documents/diversionUS.pdf~~//BPS AND rhetorical aspects of international politics remain under-theorized and under-explored. Stats prove.Daniel Drezner ’14, IR prof at Tufts, The System Worked: Global Economic Governance during the Great Recession, World Politics, Volume 66. Number 1, January 2014, pp. 123-164 AND surge in protectionist nationalism or ethnic exclusion that might have been expected."43 Growth means extinction:Warming – Growth causes converging ecological crises that culminate in extinctionWilliams ‘19 (Casey Williams; freelance writer covering climate, environment, and labor politics, citing Ingrid Visseren-Hamakers, associate professor of environmental science and policy at George Mason University and a coordinating lead author of the IPBES report; 5/16/19; "The "Great Dying" Has Begun. Only Transforming the Economy Can Stop It."; Medium; https://onezero.medium.com/the-great-dying-has-begun-only-transforming-the-economy-can-stop-it-4eadd8f7ccf8) AND normal to talk about transformation, which is nothing less than a revolution." Economic crisis sparks widespread movements towards localized sustainability.Trainer ’19—Conjoint Lecturer in the School of Social Sciences, University of New South Wales (Ted, "Entering the era of limits and scarcity: the radical implications for social theory," Journal of Political Ecology Vol. 26, 2019, dml) AND demands for more jobs and higher incomes rather than system replacement. The Goldilocks War chest—Growth increases war—both funds AND motivates aggressionLucas Hahn 16. Bryant University. April, 2016. Global Economic Expansion and the Prevalence of Militarized Interstate Disputes. AND made it easier to wage war more frequently (Harrison and Nikolaus 2012). | 9/19/21 |
CT- Dem BadTournament: Glenbrooks | Round: 6 | Opponent: Peninsula CS | Judge: Chaudhary, Vishan CaseDem BadNo impact to democracy – decades of empirical data and newest methodologies.Grabmeier ’15 (Jeff; 9/3/15; Senior Director of Research and Innovation at Ohio State University, citing a 52-year study; Phys.org, "'Democratic peace' may not prevent international conflict," https://phys.org/news/2015-09-democratic-peace-international-conflict.html) AND Cranmer said. "But we confirmed that there is this strong relationship." Democracy causes drone warfare.Kaag, PhD, et. al, 14 - John Kaag, Ph.D. Chair of Philosophy, Professor @ Umass Scott Pratt, Executive Vice Provost for Academic Affairs, Professor of Philosophy @ U of Oregon *Sujata K. Bhatia, Former Associate, Science, Technology, and Globalization; "Democracy and the Necessity of Drones," Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs, https://www.belfercenter.org/publication/democracy-and-necessity-drones-0 AND are uncomfortable with a particular form of liberal democracy that necessitates drone warfare. Drolif means every hotspot goes nuclear.Zenko and Kreps, PhDs, 14 AND S. allies interested in procuring drones from U.S. manufacturers. | 11/21/21 |
CT- Democracy BadTournament: TFA State | Round: 2 | Opponent: Plano East AD | Judge: Cook, River DemocracyDemocracy is resilient, but it solves nothing.Doorenspleet 19 Renske Doorenspleet, Politics Professor at the University of Warwick. ~Rethinking the Value of Democracy: A Comparative Perspective, Palgrave Macmillan, p. 239-243~BPS AND of democracy fades away in the powerful shadows of the economic factors.8 1NC – WarDemocratic peace is statistically disproven—-it’s conflict drivingDr. Daina Chiba 21, Associate Professor of Political Science in the Department of Government and Public Administration at the University of Macau, Ph.D. in Political Science from Rice University, LL.M in Jurisprudence and International Relations from Hitotsubashi University, and Dr. Erik Gartzke, Professor of Political Science at the University of California, San Diego, PhD in Political Science from the University of Iowa, "Make Two Democracies and Call Me in the Morning: Endogenous Regime Type and the Democratic Peace", 2/19/2021, https://dainachiba.github.io/research/make2dem/Make2Dem.pdf AND that has been proposed to account for the apparent pacifism of democratic dyads. Autocratic peace is true – DPT is a statistical mirageGartzke and Weisiger 13 ~Erik Gartzke, University of California, and Alex Weisiger, University of Pennsylvania. "Permanent Friends? Dynamic Difference and the Democratic Peace" http://dss.ucsd.edu/~~egartzke/publications/gartzke'weisiger'isq'2013.pdf~~ AND to explore theoretical argu- ments that spring from regime similarity in general. Democracies are warlike – audience costs raise the incentive for leaders to escalate and initiate conflict. Autocracies are more peaceful.CalTech 18 ~Caltech is a world-renowned science and engineering institute that marshals some of the world's brightest minds and most innovative tools to address fundamental scientific questions and pressing societal challenges. "Democracies More Prone to Start Wars – Except When They're Not." https://www.caltech.edu/about/news/democracies-more-prone-start-wars-except-when-theyre-not-82879~~ AND data of actual conflicts that occurred among 125 countries between 1993–2007. Democracies are more aggressive and choose bad grand strategies – it causes deterrence collapseCauses international instability AND of any conflict more bearable, particularly as military technology increasingly favors capital. 1NC – Nigerian WarDemocracy causes Nigerian state collapse and civil warDr. Moses E. Ochonu 19, Cornelius Vanderbilt Chair in History and Professor of African History at Vanderbilt University, PhD and MA in African History from the University of Michigan, BA in History from Bayero University, Graduate Certificate in Conflict Management from Liscomb University, "Why Liberal Democracy is a Threat to Nigeria’s Stability", Logos: A Journal of Modern Society and Culture, May 2019, http://logosjournal.com/2019/liberal-democracy-is-a-threat-to-nigerias-stability/ AND , and bad governance. The overarching casualty has been Nigeria’s very stability. Nigerian instability escalates to global great power warCharles A. Ray 21, Member of the Board of Trustees and Chair of the Africa Program at the Foreign Policy Research Institute, Former U.S. Ambassador to the Kingdom of Cambodia and the Republic of Zimbabwe, "Does Africa Matter to the United States?", Foreign Policy Research Institute, 1/11/2021, https://www.fpri.org/article/2021/01/does-africa-matter-to-the-united-states/ AND all—then Africa can be a positive contributor on the global stage. | 3/10/22 |
CT- Mining GoodTournament: Harvard Westlake | Round: 6 | Opponent: Dwight Engelwood EK | Judge: Mizrahi, Lena Resource AdvFraming issue is that they have read ev that says REM shortages now, but they’ve read zero ev that the aff alleviates those shortages – any risk of solvency on mining good is sufficient to internal link turn the advantage.Abundance of REMs in outer space means they wonAll 1ac impact ev is about either resource shortages causing wars, but all their link ev is about how there is an abundance of REMs in space now – their best ev on this question is about a mining act that passed in 2015 with zero consequencesCommercial mining solves extinction from scarcity, climate, terror, war, and disease.Pelton 17—(Director Emeritus of the Space and Advanced Communications Research Institute at George Washington University, PHD in IR from Georgetown).. Pelton, Joseph N. 2017. The New Gold Rush: The Riches of Space Beckon! Springer. Accessed 8/30/19. AND global space agreements, are part of this new pathway to the future. Outweighs 1AC Khan – their ev assumes we use inefficient tech from the industrial revolution and doesn’t account for regulations in the counterplan.Resource scarcity coming now and causes extinction—asteroid mining is the only way to solveCrombrugghe 18 – Guerric, Business Development Manager Brussels, Brussels Capital Region, "Asteroid mining as a necessary answer to mineral scarcity", LinkedIn, 1/11/2018, https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/asteroid-mining-necessary-answer-mineral-scarcity-de-crombrugghe AND meantime, we might want to consume existing resources a bit more efficiently. Resource conflicts on Earth, not space escalate – that was 1AC evMining solves Water ShortagesKean 15 Sam Kean December 2015 "The End of Thirst" https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2015/12/the-end-of-thirst/413176/ (writer based in Washington DC for the Atlantic)Elmer AND down here on the ground, but up among the stars as well. Sino-India Conflict – goes NuclearKlare 20 — Five College professor emeritus of peace and world security studies, and director of the Five College Program in Peace and World Security Studies (PAWSS), holds a B.A. and M.A. from Columbia University and a Ph.D. from the Graduate School of the Union Institute. (Michael; Published: 2020; "Climate Change, Water Scarcity, and the Potential for Interstate Conflict in South Asia"; Journal of Strategic Security 13, No. 4, Pages 109-122; https://doi.org/10.5038/1944-0472.13.4.1826 Available at: https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/jss/vol13/iss4/8)//CYang AND this scenario a matter of deep concern for security analysts in Washington.39 | 1/16/22 |
CT- Sats BadTournament: Emory | Round: Doubles | Opponent: Saratoga AG | Judge: panel No Escalation over Satellites:1~ Planning PrioritiesBowen 18 Bleddyn Bowen 2-20-2018 "The Art of Space Deterrence" https://www.europeanleadershipnetwork.org/commentary/the-art-of-space-deterrence/ (Lecturer in International Relations at the University of Leicester)Elmer AND of losing specific satellites out of all proportion to their actual strategic effect. 2~ Military PrecedentZarybnisky 18, Eric J. Celestial Deterrence: Deterring Aggression in the Global Commons of Space. Naval War College Newport United States, 2018. (Senior Materiel Leader at United States Air Force)Elmer AND fundamentals of deterrence illuminates how it applies to prevention of aggression in space. 3~ Won’t go nuclear – seen as a normal conventional attack because of integration with ground forcesFirth 7/1/19 ~News Editor at MIT Technology Review, was Chief News Editor at New Scientist. How to fight a war in space (and get away with it). July 1, 2019. MIT Technology Review~ AND to weapons that can bloody the noses of much larger nations in space. 5~ Lack of attribution means no retalSchwarzer et al ’19 ~Daniela, Eva-Marie McCormack, and Torben Schutz; Director, Editor, and Associate Fellow in the Security, Defense, and Armaments Program at the German Council of Foreign Relations; Deutsche Gesellschaft fur Auswartige Politik, "Technology and Strategy: The Changing Security Environment in Space Demands New Diplomatic and Military Answers," https://www.ssoar.info/ssoar/bitstream/handle/document/63288/ssoar-2019-schutz-Technology'and'Strategy'the'Changing.pdf;~~ AND timely and proportionate, and it should not further expand of the conflict. But debris is good—Satellite loss shuts down global frackingLes Johnson 13, Deputy Manager for NASA's Advanced Concepts Office at the Marshall Space Flight Center, Co-Investigator for the JAXA T-Rex Space Tether Experiment and PI of NASA's ProSEDS Experiment, Master's Degree in Physics from Vanderbilt University, Popular Science Writer, and NASA Technologist, Frequent Contributor to the Journal of the British Interplanetary Sodety and Member of the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, National Space Society, the World Future Society, and MENSA, Sky Alert!: When Satellites Fail, p. 99-105 AND world economy will feel the impact through higher oil and natural gas prices. Fracking makes extinction inevitable—-try-or die to shut it offRev. Mac Legerton 18, Co-Founder and Executive Director of the Center for Community Action, Member of the Board of Directors of the NC Climate Solutions Coalition, Member of the Board of Directors of the Windcall Institute, "Will The U.S. Blaze A Trail To Mass Extinction?", APPPL News, 1/15/2018, https://www.apppl.org/news/will-the-u-s-blaze-a-trail-to-mass-extinction/ AND better. This abomination is different. There is no time to waste | 1/30/22 |
CT- Sino Russian Alliance GoodTournament: UNLV | Round: 6 | Opponent: South Eugene KS | Judge: Carmona, Denise Impact turning Sino Russia alliance- its goodChina-Russia cooperation is feasible and solves nuclear war.Artyom Lukin 20 ~{Artyom Lukin is Deputy Director for Research at the School of Regional and International Studies, Far Eastern Federal University. He is also Associate Professor at the Department of International Relations. 6-13-2020. "The Russia–China entente and its future." https://link.springer.com/article/10.1057/s41311-020-00251-7~~}JM AND a sensitive area which borders China’s Xinjiang region and Afghanistan (Lo 2019). Specifically, sustains the Russian economy.Alexander Gabuev and Umarov 20, Temur ~{Gabuev is a senior fellow and the chair of the Russia in the Asia-Pacific Program at the Carnegie Moscow Center. Temur Umarov is an expert on China and Central Asia, and a consultant at Carnegie Moscow Center. 7-8-2020. "Will the Pandemic Increase Russia’s Economic Dependence on China?" https://carnegie.ru/2020/07/08/will-pandemic-increase-russia-s-economic-dependence-on-china-pub-81893~~}JM AND China appears to be the first major economy to recover after the pandemic. Escalates – goes nuclear.Dr. Benjamin Ståhl 15, CEO of the Blue Institute, PhD in Business Studies and Economics from Uppsala University, MA in International Relations from the University of Kent, and Johan Wiktorin, Founder and CEO of the Intelligence Company Brqthrough, Licensed Master of Competitive Intelligence and Former Member of the Swedish Armed Forces, "What’s At Stake?: A Geopolitical Perspective on the Swedish Economic Exposure in Northeast Europe", Swedish Growth Barometer, 7/1/2015, https://blueinst.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/whats-at-stake'geopolitical-perspective.pdf AND using the nuclear weapons is, however, completely excluded in this scenario. Solves Malaccan Trade Disputes.Dmitriy Frolovskiy 20 ~{Dmitriy Frolovskiy is a political analyst and independent journalist. He is a consultant on policy and strategy, and has written about Russia’s foreign policy. 8-25-2020. "Why China-Russia economic ties will emerge from the coronavirus pandemic stronger than ever." https://www.scmp.com/comment/opinion/article/3098639/why-china-russia-economic-ties-will-emerge-coronavirus-pandemic~~}JM AND which will have far-reaching consequences for the global balance of power. Global food shortage.WEF 17 – Based in Cologny-Geneva, Switzerland, is an NGO, founded in 1971. The WEF's mission is cited as ‘committed to improving the state of the world by engaging business, political, academic, and other leaders of society to shape global, regional, and industry agendas’, 11/27/17 (World Economic Forum, "How trade chokepoints pose a growing threat to global food security", https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2017/11/how-trade-chokepoints-pose-a-growing-threat-to-global-food-security/)//GA AND through them each year, largely from the Black Sea ‘breadbasket’ region. Escalates every hotspot.Sinéad Lehane 17, research manager for Future Directions International’s Global Food and Water Crises Research program. Her current research projects include Australia’s food system and water security in the Tibetan Plateau region. Shaping Conflict in the 21st Century—The Future of Food and Water Security. February 2, 2017. www.hidropolitikakademi.org/shaping-conflict-in-the-21st-century-the-future-of-food-and-water-security.html AND , clear lines of military conflict and more towards economic control and influence. Impact turning Sino Russia alliance- its goodChina-Russia cooperation is feasible and solves nuclear war.Artyom Lukin 20 ~{Artyom Lukin is Deputy Director for Research at the School of Regional and International Studies, Far Eastern Federal University. He is also Associate Professor at the Department of International Relations. 6-13-2020. "The Russia–China entente and its future." https://link.springer.com/article/10.1057/s41311-020-00251-7~~}JM AND a sensitive area which borders China’s Xinjiang region and Afghanistan (Lo 2019). Specifically, sustains the Russian economy.Alexander Gabuev and Umarov 20, Temur ~{Gabuev is a senior fellow and the chair of the Russia in the Asia-Pacific Program at the Carnegie Moscow Center. Temur Umarov is an expert on China and Central Asia, and a consultant at Carnegie Moscow Center. 7-8-2020. "Will the Pandemic Increase Russia’s Economic Dependence on China?" https://carnegie.ru/2020/07/08/will-pandemic-increase-russia-s-economic-dependence-on-china-pub-81893~~}JM AND China appears to be the first major economy to recover after the pandemic. Escalates – goes nuclear.Dr. Benjamin Ståhl 15, CEO of the Blue Institute, PhD in Business Studies and Economics from Uppsala University, MA in International Relations from the University of Kent, and Johan Wiktorin, Founder and CEO of the Intelligence Company Brqthrough, Licensed Master of Competitive Intelligence and Former Member of the Swedish Armed Forces, "What’s At Stake?: A Geopolitical Perspective on the Swedish Economic Exposure in Northeast Europe", Swedish Growth Barometer, 7/1/2015, https://blueinst.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/whats-at-stake'geopolitical-perspective.pdf AND using the nuclear weapons is, however, completely excluded in this scenario. Solves Malaccan Trade Disputes.Dmitriy Frolovskiy 20 ~{Dmitriy Frolovskiy is a political analyst and independent journalist. He is a consultant on policy and strategy, and has written about Russia’s foreign policy. 8-25-2020. "Why China-Russia economic ties will emerge from the coronavirus pandemic stronger than ever." https://www.scmp.com/comment/opinion/article/3098639/why-china-russia-economic-ties-will-emerge-coronavirus-pandemic~~}JM AND which will have far-reaching consequences for the global balance of power. Global food shortage.WEF 17 – Based in Cologny-Geneva, Switzerland, is an NGO, founded in 1971. The WEF's mission is cited as ‘committed to improving the state of the world by engaging business, political, academic, and other leaders of society to shape global, regional, and industry agendas’, 11/27/17 (World Economic Forum, "How trade chokepoints pose a growing threat to global food security", https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2017/11/how-trade-chokepoints-pose-a-growing-threat-to-global-food-security/)//GA AND through them each year, largely from the Black Sea ‘breadbasket’ region. Escalates every hotspot.Sinéad Lehane 17, research manager for Future Directions International’s Global Food and Water Crises Research program. Her current research projects include Australia’s food system and water security in the Tibetan Plateau region. Shaping Conflict in the 21st Century—The Future of Food and Water Security. February 2, 2017. www.hidropolitikakademi.org/shaping-conflict-in-the-21st-century-the-future-of-food-and-water-security.html AND , clear lines of military conflict and more towards economic control and influence. | 2/6/22 |
CT- Space Exploration GoodTournament: Churchill | Round: 6 | Opponent: Westlake AC | Judge: Bukowsky, Holden NC – Space Exploration GoodPrivate sector is key to mining and overcomes all extinction scenarios.Pelton 17—Director Emeritus of the Space and Advanced Communications Research Institute at George Washington University, PHD in IR from Georgetown.. Pelton, Joseph N. 2017. The New Gold Rush: The Riches of Space Beckon! Springer. Accessed 8/30/19. AND global space agreements, are part of this new pathway to the future. Water wars escalate.Klare 20 — Five College professor emeritus of peace and world security studies, and director of the Five College Program in Peace and World Security Studies (PAWSS), holds a B.A. and M.A. from Columbia University and a Ph.D. from the Graduate School of the Union Institute. (Michael; Published: 2020; "Climate Change, Water Scarcity, and the Potential for Interstate Conflict in South Asia"; Journal of Strategic Security 13, No. 4, Pages 109-122; https://doi.org/10.5038/1944-0472.13.4.1826 Available at: https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/jss/vol13/iss4/8)//CYang AND global agriculture—an outcome with enormous implications for American national security.30 So do resource wars.Klare 13 – Michael T., professor emeritus of peace and world-security studies at Hampshire College and senior visiting fellow at the Arms Control Association in Washington, DC, " How Resource Scarcity and Climate Change Could Produce a Global Explosion", The Nation, 4/22/2013, https://www.thenation.com/article/how-resource-scarcity-and-climate-change-could-produce-global-explosion/ JHW AND conflict. We are now heading directly into a resource-shock world. | 1/13/22 |
CT- SparkTournament: Churchill | Round: 3 | Opponent: McNeil ARc | Judge: Fox, Patrick SparkLack of terminal impact evidence in the 1AC means no new 1AR evidence or clarification- kills 1NC strategy because I predicated by 1NC based what was read in the 1AC- o/w because 1ACs have infinite prep time to build perfect affs Nuclear war now spurs political will for disarmament without causing extinction.Deudney 18 ~Associate Professor of Political Science at Johns Hopkins University. 03/15/2018. "The Great Debate." The Oxford Handbook of International Security. www.oxfordhandbooks.com, doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198777854.013.22~ Recut Justin AND of institutional innovation and adjustment toward a fully "bombs away" future. Can’t rebuild industrial civilization.John Jacobi 17. ~Leads an environmentalist research institute and collective, citing Fred Hoyle, British astronomer, formulated the theory of stellar nucleosynthesis, coined the term "big bang," recipient of the Gold Medal of the Royal Astronomical Society, professor at the Institute of Astronomy, Cambridge University. 05-27-17. "Industrial Civilization Could Not Be Rebuilt." The Wild Will Project. https://www.wildwill.net/blog/2017/05/27/industrial-civilization-not-rebuilt/~~ Recut Justin AND advocate going through the phases required to reach the industrial stage of development. Empirics and worse disasters disprove.Eken 17 ~Mattias Eken – PhD student in Modern History at the University of St Andrews. "The understandable fear of nuclear weapons doesn’t match reality". 3/14/17. https://theconversation.com/the-understandable-fear-of-nuclear-weapons-doesnt-match-reality-73563~~ Recut Justin AND Overegging them to frighten ourselves more than we need to keeps nobody safe. Isolated island populations repopulate.Turchin and Green 18 ~Alexey Turchin – Scientist for the Foundation Science for Life Extension in Moscow, Russia, Founder of Digital Immortality Now, author of several books and articles on the topics of existential risks and life extension. Brian Patrick Green – Director of technology ethics at the Markkula Center for Applied Ethics, teaches AI ethics in the Graduate School of Engineering at Santa Clara University. MKIM "Islands as refuges for surviving global catastrophes". September 2018. DOA: 7/20/19. https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/FS-04-2018-0031/full/html?fullSc=1andmbSc=1andfullSc=1~~ Recut Justin AND and passages could provide cooling, access and even oxygen and food sources. No nuclear winter – conservative models prove rainout.Reisner et al. 18 ~Jon, Atmospheric researcher at LANL Climate and Atmospheric Sciences; Gennaro D'Angelo, UKAFF Fellow and member of the Astrophysics Group at the School of Physics of the University of Exeter, Research Scientist with the Carl Sagan Center at the SETI Institute, currently works for the Los Alamos National Laboratory Theoretical Division; Eunmo Koo, scientist in the Computational Earth Science Group at LANL, recipient of the NNSA Defense Program Stockpile Stewardship Program award of excellence; Wesley Even, RandD Scientist at CCS-2, LANL, specialist in computational physics and astrophysics; Matthew Hecht is a member of the Computational Physics and Methods Group in the Climate, Ocean and Sea Ice Modelling program (COSIM) at LANL, who works on modeling high-latitude atmospheric effects in climate models as part of the HiLAT project; Elizabeth Hunke, Lead developer for the Los Alamos Sea Ice Model, Deputy Group Leader of the T-3 Fluid Dynamics and Solid Mechanics Group at LANL; Darin Comeau, Scientist at the CCS-2 COSIM program, specializes in high dimensional data analysis, statistical and predictive modeling, and uncertainty quantification, with particular applications to climate science; Randall Bos is a research scientist at LANL specializing in urban EMP simulations; James Cooley is a Group Leader within CCS-2. 3/16/18 "Climate Impact of a Regional Nuclear Weapons Exchange: An Improved Assessment Based On Detailed Source Calculations." Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, vol. 123, no. 5~ Recut Justin AND Pausata et al., 2016), possibly reducing the duration of these effects. Volcano activities prove.Reisner et al. 18 ~Jon, Atmospheric researcher at LANL Climate and Atmospheric Sciences; Gennaro D'Angelo, UKAFF Fellow and member of the Astrophysics Group at the School of Physics of the University of Exeter, Research Scientist with the Carl Sagan Center at the SETI Institute, currently works for the Los Alamos National Laboratory Theoretical Division; Eunmo Koo, scientist in the Computational Earth Science Group at LANL, recipient of the NNSA Defense Program Stockpile Stewardship Program award of excellence; Wesley Even, RandD Scientist at CCS-2, LANL, specialist in computational physics and astrophysics; Matthew Hecht is a member of the Computational Physics and Methods Group in the Climate, Ocean and Sea Ice Modelling program (COSIM) at LANL, who works on modeling high-latitude atmospheric effects in climate models as part of the HiLAT project; Elizabeth Hunke, Lead developer for the Los Alamos Sea Ice Model, Deputy Group Leader of the T-3 Fluid Dynamics and Solid Mechanics Group at LANL; Darin Comeau, Scientist at the CCS-2 COSIM program, specializes in high dimensional data analysis, statistical and predictive modeling, and uncertainty quantification, with particular applications to climate science; Randall Bos is a research scientist at LANL specializing in urban EMP simulations; James Cooley is a Group Leader within CCS-2. 3/16/18 "Climate Impact of a Regional Nuclear Weapons Exchange: An Improved Assessment Based On Detailed Source Calculations." Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, vol. 123, no. 5~ Recut Justin AND aerosol via coagulation with organic carbon significantly reduce the particles’ lifetime in the atmosphere Particle accelerators destroy the universe – which outweighs.Joe Packer 7 – MA in Communication from Wake Forest University, PhD in Communication from the University of Pittsburgh and Professor of Communication at Central Michigan University, Alien Life in Search of Acknowledgment, p. 62-63 Recut Justin AND to potential alien life can mask humanity’s obligations to life beyond this planet. Nuclear war prevents AI and Nanotech research.Baum and Barrett 18 – Seth Baum is an American researcher involved in the field of risk research. He is the executive director of the Global Catastrophic Risk Institute (GCRI), a think tank focused on existential risk. Global Catastrophic Risk Institute. 2018. ~"A Model for the Impacts of Nuclear War." SSRN Electronic Journal. 10.2139/ssrn.3155983~ Recut Justin AND cases, this would reduce the risk of harm caused by those technologies. AI destroys the universe.Alan Rominger 16, PhD Candidate in Nuclear Engineering at North Carolina State University, Software Engineer at Red Hat, Former Nuclear Engineering Science Laboratory Synthesis Intern at Oak Ridge National Laboratory, BS in Nuclear Engineering from North Carolina State University, "The Extreme Version of the Technological Singularity", Medium 11-6, https://medium.com/@AlanSE/the-extreme-version-of-the-technological-singularity-75608898eae5 Re-Cut Justin AND to the Fermi Paradox, the Doomsday argument, and the Simulation argument. ====Nanotech proliferates fast and destroys the universe.==== AND The major science and technology nations have devoted particular efforts to this field. Tech advancements make time travel certainAwes Faghi Elmi 18, Contributing Writer at n’world Publications, BS in Forensic Science from London South Bank University, Extended Diploma in Physics with Distinction from Leyton Sixth Form College, Futurist, ~"Technological Progress Might Make Possible Time Travel And Teleportation", Medium, 8-13, https://medium.com/nworld-publications/technological-progress-might-make-possible-time-travel-and-teleportation-45176c3c89bc~~ Recut Justin AND as BBC. Many TV programmes talk about both time travel and teleportation. Collapses the universe.Steve Bowers 16, Control Officer in the United Kingdom, Executive Editor and Moderator of the Orion’s Arm Universe Project, Contributing Author for the Orion’s Arm Novella Collection, ~"WHY NO TIME TRAVEL IN OA", 1-1, https://orionsarm.com/page/77~~ Recut Justin AND connect different parts of the universe without causing temporal paradoxes see this page. Growth causes global toxification and extinction.Ehrlich and Ehrlich 13 ~Paul R. Ehrlich, Professor of Biology and President of the Center for Conservation Biology at Stanford University, and Adjunct Professor at the University of Technology, Sydney, Anne H. Ehrlich, Senior Research Scientist in Biology at Stanford and focuses her research on policy issues related to the environment, "Can a collapse of global civilization be avoided?", Proc Biol Sci. Mar 7, 2013~ Recut Justin AND and that breaches of environmental security could risk the end of global civilization. Reject Robock/Toon et al studies:1~ Their models are inaccurate representations.Walker 18 – Robert Walker, M.Hum in Philosophy from York University, BA in Mathematics from York University, Software Developer, March 6, 2018, ~"Debunked: Nuclear Winter and Radioactive Fallout myths," Debunking Doomsday~ Recut Justin AND as soon as the soot rains out, the whole thing is over. 2~ They just assume the smoke ends up the atmosphere.Seitz 6 – Visiting Scholar at Harvard’s Center of International Affairs (Russell, "The ‘Nuclear Winter’ Meltdown" http://adamant.typepad.com/seitz/2006/12/preherein'honor.html) Recut Justin AND . The 1986 review of TTAPS reception follows. The Melting of 'Nuclear Winter' 3~ Robock and Toon updated their models – no nuclear winterHamill 19 ~Jasper Hamill, Rutgers doctoral student and numerous atmospheric scientists, "Life after an apocalyptic nuclear war might not be quite as grim as expected, scientists say," 08/09/19, Metro, https://metro.co.uk/2019/08/09/life-apocalyptic-nuclear-war-might-not-quite-grim-expected-scientists-say-10545690/~~ Justin AND nuclear explosions, which include a severe cooling impact dubbed "nuclear winter"‘. | 1/13/22 |
CT- Spark v2Tournament: Harvard | Round: Doubles | Opponent: Oxford VM | Judge: Panel CaseHave a high threshold for 1AR extrapolations for impacts. Their card is under warranted and causally asserts claims without delineated warrants—don’t fill in gaps for them. Reject new 1ar extinction evidence—we based our 1nc strategy off of bad impact evidence. Study indicts and answers to our impacts/transition solves but discourages sandbagging good ev until after the 1nc.Nuclear war now spurs political will for disarmament without causing extinction.Deudney 18 ~Associate Professor of Political Science at Johns Hopkins University. 03/15/2018. "The Great Debate." The Oxford Handbook of International Security. www.oxfordhandbooks.com, doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198777854.013.22~ Recut Justin AND of institutional innovation and adjustment toward a fully "bombs away" future. That’s good – war later is worse.Turchin and Denkenberger 18 ~Alexey Turchin and David Denkenberger. Turchin is a researcher at the Science for Life Extension Foundation; Denkenberger is with the Global Catastrophic Risk Institute (GCRI) @ Tennessee State University, Alliance to Feed the Earth in Disasters (ALLFED). 09/2018. "Global Catastrophic and Existential Risks Communication Scale." Futures, vol. 102, pp. 27–38.~ AND has begun. These situations require quick and urgent effort on all levels. Evil AI causes infinite tortureTurchin and Denkenberger 18 ~{Turchin is a researcher at the Science for Life Extension Foundation; Denkenberger is with the Global Catastrophic Risk Institute (GCRI) @ Tennessee State University, Alliance to Feed the Earth in Disasters (ALLFED). 5-3-2018. "Classification of Global Catastrophic Risks Connected with Artificial Intelligence."~}JM AND ). However, this cannot happen unless many people take the proposition seriously. Can’t rebuild industrial civilization.John Jacobi 17. ~Leads an environmentalist research institute and collective, citing Fred Hoyle, British astronomer, formulated the theory of stellar nucleosynthesis, coined the term "big bang," recipient of the Gold Medal of the Royal Astronomical Society, professor at the Institute of Astronomy, Cambridge University. 05-27-17. "Industrial Civilization Could Not Be Rebuilt." The Wild Will Project. https://www.wildwill.net/blog/2017/05/27/industrial-civilization-not-rebuilt/~~ Recut Justin AND advocate going through the phases required to reach the industrial stage of development. Empirics and worse disasters disprove their impact.Eken 17 ~Mattias Eken – PhD student in Modern History at the University of St Andrews. "The understandable fear of nuclear weapons doesn’t match reality". 3/14/17. https://theconversation.com/the-understandable-fear-of-nuclear-weapons-doesnt-match-reality-73563~~ Recut Justin AND Overegging them to frighten ourselves more than we need to keeps nobody safe. Err negative on impact weighing – their evidence is unwarranted pessimism – updated models.Rodriguez 20 ~Luisa Rodriguez is research fellow at the Forethought Foundation for Global Priorities Research. Previously, she researched nuclear war at Rethink Priorities and as a visiting researcher at the Future of Humanity Institute, "What is the likelihood that civilizational collapse would directly lead to human extinction (within decades)? - EA Forum", 24th Dec 2020, https://forum.effectivealtruism.org/posts/GsjmufaebreiaivF7/what-is-the-likelihood-that-civilizational-collapse-would~~#Concrete'example''A'large'nuclear'war'that'causes'a'nuclear'winter//imp~~ AND unlikely that this scenario would more or less directly lead to human extinction. Isolated island populations repopulate.Turchin and Green 18 ~Alexey Turchin – Scientist for the Foundation Science for Life Extension in Moscow, Russia, Founder of Digital Immortality Now, author of several books and articles on the topics of existential risks and life extension. Brian Patrick Green – Director of technology ethics at the Markkula Center for Applied Ethics, teaches AI ethics in the Graduate School of Engineering at Santa Clara University. MKIM "Islands as refuges for surviving global catastrophes". September 2018. DOA: 7/20/19. https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/FS-04-2018-0031/full/html?fullSc=1andmbSc=1andfullSc=1~~ Recut Justin AND and passages could provide cooling, access and even oxygen and food sources. They solve any impact from the aff but not ours – empirics.Turchin and Green 18 ~Alexey Turchin – Scientist for the Foundation Science for Life Extension in Moscow, Russia, Founder of Digital Immortality Now, author of several books and articles on the topics of existential risks and life extension. Brian Patrick Green – Director of technology ethics at the Markkula Center for Applied Ethics, teaches AI ethics in the Graduate School of Engineering at Santa Clara University. MKIM "Islands as refuges for surviving global catastrophes". September 2018. DOA: 7/20/19. https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/FS-04-2018-0031/full/html?fullSc=1andmbSc=1andfullSc=1~~ Recut Justin AND interests. However, over time, the AI’s risk calculation might change. French Kerguelen Islands have unique characteristics conducive to repopulation.Turchin and Green 18 ~Alexey Turchin – Scientist for the Foundation Science for Life Extension in Moscow, Russia, Founder of Digital Immortality Now, author of several books and articles on the topics of existential risks and life extension. Brian Patrick Green – Director of technology ethics at the Markkula Center for Applied Ethics, teaches AI ethics in the Graduate School of Engineering at Santa Clara University. MKIM "Islands as refuges for surviving global catastrophes". September 2018. DOA: 7/20/19. https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/FS-04-2018-0031/full/html?fullSc=1andmbSc=1andfullSc=1~~ Recut Justin AND like South Georgia, Auckland Island and Macquarie Island (Schalansky, 2010). | 2/21/22 |
CT- Taiwan War GoodTournament: debateLA Challenge | Round: 1 | Opponent: Immaculate Heart BC | Judge: Panel Taiwan War GoodNo shift out of the link- 1AC chow and kelley is clear – "emboldens taiwan invasion" War stays conventional.Caitlin Talmadge 18, Associate Professor of Security Studies at the Edmund A. Walsh School of Foreign Service at Georgetown University, November/December 2018, "Beijing’s Nuclear Option," Foreign Affairs, Vol. 65, No. 5 AND U.S. retaliation—was a viable option to defend itself. Wouldn’t go all out – it would stay conventional.Natasha Kassam 20, Research Fellow in the Diplomacy and Public Opinion Program at the Lowy Institute, Bachelor of Laws (Hons I) and a Bachelor of International Studies from the University of Sydney, and Richard McGregor, Senior Fellow at the Lowy Institute, Former Fellow at the Wilson Center and Visiting Scholar at the Sigur Center at George Washington University, "Taiwan’s 2020 Elections", Lowy Institute Report, 1/7/2020, https://www.lowyinstitute.org/publications/taiwan-s-2020-elections AND potentially less disruptive to trade, include a targeted naval blockade.~36~ But, invasion triggers political backlash – induces a democratic transition.Wang Mouzhou 17 – Pen name of a former NSA intelligence officer, 3-24-2017, ("What Happens After China Invades Taiwan?" The Diplomat, https://thediplomat.com/2017/03/what-happens-after-china-invades-taiwan/) Recut Justin AND liberals to China’s political discourse could have important implications for its domestic politics. Democratic landing would be peaceful – but public buy-in is key.Pei 13 – Minxin, Tom and Margot Pritzker ’72 Professor of Government and director of the Keck Center for International and Strategic Studies at Claremont McKenna College, ("5 Ways China Could Become a Democracy", http://thediplomat.com/2013/02/5-ways-china-could-become-a-democracy/1/) Recut Justin AND window of opportunity for a political soft landing will not remain open forever. Transition solves aggressive pursuit of domination.Michael Mandelbaum 19, PhD in political science from Harvard University, Christian A. Herter Professor Emeritus of American Foreign Policy at The Johns Hopkins School of Advanced International Studies., March, "In Praise of Regime Change," Commentary, https://www.commentarymagazine.com/articles/in-praise-of-regime-change/ AND democracies, each would surely conduct less belligerent foreign policies toward its neighbors. Democratized China increases cooperation and solves major security hotspots – Sino-Japanese war, Sino-Indo war, etc.Aaron Friedberg 11, PhD in Government from Harvard, professor of politics and international affairs @ Princeton University, "Hegemony with Chinese Characteristics," http://users.clas.ufl.edu/zselden/coursereading2011/friedberg.pdf Recut Justin AND . The assertive, hypernationalist version of China’s history and its grievances will be | 1/13/22 |
CT- Taiwan War Good v2Tournament: UNLV | Round: 6 | Opponent: South Eugene KS | Judge: Carmona, Denise Taiwan invasion triggers political backlash – induces a democratic transition.Wang Mouzhou 17 – Pen name of a former NSA intelligence officer, 3-24-2017, ("What Happens After China Invades Taiwan?" The Diplomat, https://thediplomat.com/2017/03/what-happens-after-china-invades-taiwan/) Recut Justin AND liberals to China’s political discourse could have important implications for its domestic politics. Democratic landing would be peaceful – but public buy-in is key.Pei 13 – Minxin, Tom and Margot Pritzker ’72 Professor of Government and director of the Keck Center for International and Strategic Studies at Claremont McKenna College, ("5 Ways China Could Become a Democracy", http://thediplomat.com/2013/02/5-ways-china-could-become-a-democracy/1/) Recut Justin AND window of opportunity for a political soft landing will not remain open forever. China stays conventional.Natasha Kassam 20, Research Fellow in the Diplomacy and Public Opinion Program at the Lowy Institute, Bachelor of Laws (Hons I) and a Bachelor of International Studies from the University of Sydney, and Richard McGregor, Senior Fellow at the Lowy Institute, Former Fellow at the Wilson Center and Visiting Scholar at the Sigur Center at George Washington University, "Taiwan’s 2020 Elections", Lowy Institute Report, 1/7/2020, https://www.lowyinstitute.org/publications/taiwan-s-2020-elections AND potentially less disruptive to trade, include a targeted naval blockade.~36~ US won’t use nukes over it.Roger Jiang, 17, "To protect Taiwan, would the United States go to war with China if China were determined to take it back?," Quora, https://www.quora.com/To-protect-Taiwan-would-the-United-States-go-to-war-with-China-if-China-were-determined-to-take-it-back)SEM AND no, the US will not go into war with China over Taiwan. If the US uses nukes, it’s purely damage control.David J. Lonsdale 19 ~{David Lonsdale is the Director of the Centre for Security Studies at the University of Hull, UK. 5/17/2019. "The 2018 Nuclear Posture Review: A return to nuclear warfighting?" https://www-tandfonline-com.proxy.lib.umich.edu/doi/full/10.1080/01495933.2019.1573074~~}JM AND of modern forces the Trump administration seeks to acquire under the 2018 NPR. Democratized China increases cooperation and solves security hotspots.Aaron Friedberg 11, PhD in Government from Harvard, professor of politics and international affairs @ Princeton University, "Hegemony with Chinese Characteristics," http://users.clas.ufl.edu/zselden/coursereading2011/friedberg.pdf Recut Justin AND going to remain locked in an increasingly intense struggle for mastery in Asia. Keeping regional ambitions in check is necessary to avoid escalatory warsBrands and Edel 19. Hal Brands – Henry Kissinger Distinguished Professor of Global Affairs in the Johns Hopkins School of Advanced International Studies and a senior fellow at the Center for Strategic and Budgetary Assessments; Charles Edel – senior fellow at the United States Studies Centre at the University of Sydney and previously served on the U.S. Secretary of State's policy planning staff. "The End of Great Power Peace," 3/6/19. https://nationalinterest.org/feature/end-great-power-peace-46282?page=02C1 Recut Justin AND world" and act as an alternative to U.S. leadership. | 2/6/22 |
CT- US Heg BadTournament: debateLA Challenge | Round: 1 | Opponent: Immaculate Heart BC | Judge: Panel Heg1~ CounterbalancingA. Pursuit of hegemony leads to Sino-Russia alliance and is unsustainable.Porter, DPhil, 19 AND smaller, Washington should take steps to make the pool of adversaries smaller. B. A strong Sino-Russian alliance combined with expanded US military presence ensures joint retaliation — that escalates to the use of nuclear forceKlare 18 – Professor of peace and world security studies at Hampshire College. (Michael T., "The Pentagon Is Planning a Three-Front ‘Long War’ Against China and Russia," April 4, 2018, https://fpif.org/the-pentagon-is-planning-a-three-front-long-war-against-china-and-russia/)//sy AND still long-war planning into an actual long war with deadly consequences. 2~ TerrorismA. Hegemony fails and propagates terrorism – it justifies intervention and empirically causes blowback.Bandow 19 (Doug, senior fellow @ Cato Institute and JD Stanford, 6-2-2019, "Understanding the Failure of U.S. Foreign Policy: The Albright Doctrine," National Interest, https://nationalinterest.org/blog/skeptics/understanding-failure-us-foreign-policy-albright-doctrine-60477) AG AND , which wreaked military havoc throughout the Middle East and turned to terrorism. B. Unipolarity is specifically responsible for the globalization of extremism – that makes heg unsustainable.Ibrahimi 18 (2/19/18; S. Yaqub Ibrahimi, ~researcher and instructor of political science. PhD @ Carleton University~ "Unipolar politics and global peace: a structural explanation of the globalizing jihad"; taylor and francis https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/17467586.2018.1428763?needAccess=true) AND disrupt peace and security at all domestic, regional, and global levels. C. Terrorism causes global nuclear war—collapses internal AND external stabilityArguello and Buis, 18 – *Irma, Founder and Chair of the NPSGlobal Foundation (Non-proliferation for Global Security), degree in Phyisics Science from the University of Buenos Aires, Master degree in Business Administration from IDEA/Wharton School, Defense and Security studies (Master level) at the Escuela de Defensa Nacional, Argentina; Emiliano, lawyer and associate professor of public international law, international humanitarian law, international law of disarmament, and the origins of international law in antiquity (Irma Arguello and Emiliano J. Buis, "The global impacts of a terrorist nuclear attack: What would happen? What should we do?," Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, 2018, https://doi.org/10.1080/00963402.2018.1436812) AND scale social movements fostered by ideological interests and easily mobilized through social media. Defense-Empirics go neg – most qualified studies disprove hegemonic stability theories.Fettweis 17 –Christopher J. Fettweis is an American political scientist and the Associate Professor of Political Science at Tulane University. "Unipolarity, Hegemony, and the New Peace, Security Studies" 26:3, 423-451; EG) AND lighter, more liberal cousin. Something else appears to be at work. AT Erickson and Collins1~ It doesn’t advocate for US leadership through space dominance- but just deterring Chinese aggression through international law, resolving tensions in india, there’s nothing uniquely key about the affirmative AT Gilisian 201~ Flips both ways- the US has a history of propaganda with democratization good, colonilsation good, and hegemony- 1AC authors work within the government and are paid off AND its propaganda- we don’t even claim China good, just US Heg bad | 1/13/22 |
CT- Warming GoodTournament: Emory | Round: 3 | Opponent: Claudia Taylor AP | Judge: Clark-Villanueva, Leah Warming GoodNo Extinction from Warming – new studies prove over-hype and tech solves.Extinction Tipping Point is implausible – we’re on track for 3 degrees, not 4-5 degrees AND fossil fuels. Even nuclear energy has made a modest comeback in Asia. ~Aff~ studies about CO2 impact are exaggeratedpeer-reviewed journal shows IPCC exaggeration AND least some of the effects of CO2 emissions and reducing future temperature increases. Extinction from warming requires 12 degrees, far greater than their internal link, and intervening actors will solve before thenSebastian Farquhar 17, master’s degree in Physics from the University of Oxford, leads the Global Priorities Project (GPP) at the Centre for Effective Altruism, et al., 2017, "Existential Risk: Diplomacy and Governance," https://www.fhi.ox.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/Existential-Risks-2017-01-23.pdf AND will therefore face strong incentives to find other ways to reduce global temperatures. CO2 is key to agriculture – stops extinctionFerrera 14 Peter Ferrera 2-24-2014 "The Period Of No Global Warming Will Soon Be Longer Than the Period of Actual Global Warming" http://www.forbes.com/sites/peterferrara/2014/02/24/the-period-of-no-global-warming-will-soon-be-longer-than-the-period-of-actual-global-warming/~~#42cc9ebf8bf0 (J.D. Harvard Law, contributor to Forbes on climate and public policy, Director of Entitlement and Budget Policy for the Heartland Institute, Senior Advisor for Entitlement Reform and Budget Policy at the National Tax Limitation Foundation, General Counsel for the American Civil Rights Union, and Senior Fellow at the National Center for Policy Analysis, served in the White House Office of Policy Development under President Reagan, and as Associate Deputy Attorney General of the United States under President George H.W. Bush)Elmer AND the atmosphere ‘greens’ the planet and helps feed the growing human population." Best studies proveBallonoff 14, Paul. "A fresh look at climate change." Cato J. 34 (2014): 113. (consultant, international energy development)Elmer AND 2012). This result is also the opposite of what the IPCC expected. Extinction.Cribb 19 ~Julian; Author, journalist, editor and science communicator. He is principal of Julian Cribb and Associates who provide specialist consultancy in the communication of science, agriculture, food, mining, energy and the environment. His career includes appointments as newspaper editor, scientific editor for director of national awareness for Australia’s science agency CSIRO, member of numerous scientific boards and advisory panels, and president of national professional bodies for agricultural journalism and science communication. His published work includes over 8000 articles, 3000 media releases and eight books. He has received 32 awards for journalism. His internationally-acclaimed book, The Coming Famine explores the question of whether we can feed humanity through the mid-century peak in numbers and food demand; "6 - Food as an Existential Risk," Cambridge; August 2019; https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/food-or-war/food-as-an-existential-risk/8C45279588CD572FE805B7E240DE7368~~ Recut Justin AND influenza by both aiding the virus and suppressing the patient’s immune response.31 Ag Solves – Plants act as carbon sinks which offsets WarmingHarris and Gibbs 21 Nancy Harris and David Gibbs 1-21-2021 "Forests Absorb Twice As Much Carbon As They Emit Each Year" https://www.wri.org/insights/forests-absorb-twice-much-carbon-they-emit-each-year (Nancy is Research Manager for Global Forest Watch (GFW) within the Food, Forests and Water program. GFW is an international initiative originated by WRI to provide improved data and information about the world’s forests by merging the latest technology with on-the-ground partnerships. Nancy works to identify thematic and geographic research priorities for GFW and leads the acquisition and generation of new data and analytical content. She also supports in-country capacity building efforts and collaborates with GFW staff and partners to produce and communicate original, policy-relevant research that further advances global understanding of critical drivers and dynamics of forest change. Prior to joining WRI, Nancy worked as a Carbon and Land Use Specialist in the Ecosystem Services unit of Winrock International, where she managed Winrock’s spatial analysis team, published several peer-reviewed papers on forest carbon cycling and spatial modeling of land cover change, and provided technical guidance to multiple stakeholders on climate change mitigation options in the land sector.)Elmer AND the remaining forests in all three regions is critical to mitigating climate change. | 1/28/22 |
JF - Space Elevators PICTournament: NDCA | Round: 6 | Opponent: Peninsula RM | Judge: Sims, John 2Text – Private Appropriation of Outer Space except for Space Elevators is Unjust.Space Elevators constitute Appropriation – they impede orbits.Matignon 19 Louis de Gouyon Matignon 3-3-2019 "LEGAL ASPECTS OF THE SPACE ELEVATOR TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM" https://www.spacelegalissues.com/space-law-legal-aspects-of-the-space-elevator-transportation-system/ ~PhD in space law (co-supervised by both Philippe Delebecque, from Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne, France, and Christopher D. Johnson, from Georgetown University || regularly write articles on the website Space Legal Issues so as to popularise space law and public international law~Elmer AND could also descend the tether to return cargo to the surface from orbit. Private Companies are pursuing Space Elevators.Alfano 15 Andrea Alfano 8-18-2015 "All Of These Companies Are Working On A Space Elevator" https://www.techtimes.com/articles/77612/20150818/companies-working-space-elevator.htm (Writer at the Tech Times)Elmer AND LiftPort's plans, but stuck to the Earth instead of to the moon. They’re feasible.Smith 17 Vincent Smith 6-21-2017 "3 Challenges for Engineering A Space Elevator" https://www.engineering.com/story/3-challenges-for-engineering-a-space-elevator (Engineer)Elmer AND , second, and third lines of defense prepared for just such occasions. Regardless of completion, Elevators spur investment in NanotechnologyLiam O’Brien 16. University of Wollongong. 07/2016. "Nanotechnology in Space." Young Scientists Journal; Canterbury, no. 19, p. 22. AND enormous amount can be done. There is still plenty more to achieve. Nanotech solves every existential threatMiller 17, Gina Miller, She has written articles and provided interviews on the subject of nanotechnology and created digital artwork, videos and animations to illustrate future applications. Her work has been featured in various media including the History Channel, Japanese television, international documentaries, Wired, PC Magazine, Fast Company, and various books such as "Nanofuture" by J. Storrs Hall, the inventor of the "utility fog" concept. Miller has collaborated with other nanotechnology pioneers such as Robert A. Freitas Jr., author of "Nanomedicine," and is a frequent collaborator of the Foresight Institute co-founded by K. Eric Drexler the "founding father of nanotechnology".. 2-26-2017, accessed on 1-28-2021, Nanotechnology Industries, "Nanotechnology, the real science of miracles, the end of disease, aging, poverty and pollution - Nanotechnology Industries", http://nanoindustries.com/nanotechnology'science'of'miracles/ Adam AND no chemical by product, no emission, hazardous waste and no pollution. Climate change destroys the world.Specktor 19 ~Brandon writes about the science of everyday life for Live Science, and previously for Reader's Digest magazine, where he served as an editor for five years~ 6-4-2019, "Human Civilization Will Crumble by 2050 If We Don't Stop Climate Change Now, New Paper Claims," livescience, https://www.livescience.com/65633-climate-change-dooms-humans-by-2050.html Justin AND and perhaps "the end of human global civilization as we know it." Space Elevators solve Space Debris – reduces Rocket LaunchesForgan 19, Duncan H. Solving Fermi's Paradox. Vol. 10. Cambridge University Press, 2019. (Associate Lecturer at the Centre for Exoplanet Science at the University of St Andrews, Scotland, founding member of the UK Search for Extra-terrestrial Intelligence (SETI) research network and leads UK research efforts into the search)Elmer AND use, with likely civilisation-ending effects (Solution C.13). Pics are good they encourage innovative research that avoids stale debates and bridges different parts of the literature. Our PIC directly engages the literature base of the ACCondo is good proving a CP is bad doesn’t prove the plan is good, a logical policy maker can always choose not to act. Logic outweighs – it’s the basis of all rational arguments. | 4/11/22 |
JF- Chinese Econ DATournament: UNLV | Round: 6 | Opponent: South Eugene KS | Judge: Carmona, Denise 31AC Erickson and Collins says Chinese economy is in structural decline.Robust private sector key to Economic Rejuvenation.Goswami 19 Namrata Goswami 2019 "What China Wants in Outer Space" https://www.thecairoreview.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/cr33-global-forum.pdf (Dr. Namrata Goswami is an independent scholar on space policy, great power politics, and ethnic conflicts. She was subject matter expert in international affairs with the Futures Laboratory, Alabama, U.S., and guest lecturer, India Today Class, Emory University. After earning her Ph.D. in international relations from Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, she worked as research fellow at the Institute for Defence Studies and Analyses, New Delhi. She has been a visiting fellow at Peace Research Institute, Oslo, Norway; La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia; and University of Heidelberg, Germany.)Elmer AND Luxembourg have already passed legislation enabling private companies to begin exploration and operations. That cascades globally.Rogoff 18 Kennetth Rogoff 11-7-2018 "The Global Impact of a Chinese Recession" https://www.project-syndicate.org/commentary/global-impact-of-chinese-recession-by-kenneth-rogoff-2018-11?barrier=accesspaylog (Professor of Economics and Public Policy at Harvard University and recipient of the 2011 Deutsche Bank Prize in Financial Economics, was the chief economist of the International Monetary Fund from 2001 to 2003.)Elmer AND likely to discover that China’s economy matters even more than most people thought. Economic collapse increases the risk of war – a decline in trade dramatically raises tensions.Tønnesson ’15 (Stein Tønnesson; Department of Peace and Conflict Research, Uppsala University, Sweden, and Peace Research Institute Oslo (PRIO), Norway; published 8-20-2015; "Deterrence, interdependence and Sino–US peace"; https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/2233865915596660?icid=int.sj-full-text.similar-articles.2) AND each other, with a view to obliging Washington or Beijing to intervene. | 2/6/22 |
JF- Global Con Con CPTournament: Churchill | Round: 6 | Opponent: Westlake AC | Judge: Bukowsky, Holden 1States ought to call a global constitutional convention and establish a constitution reflecting intergenerational concern with exclusive authority to ban appropriation of outer space by private entities and bind participating bodies to its resultThat solves the aff – it addresses shared anxieties while building political consensusGardiner 14 1 ~Stephen M. Gardiner, Professor of Philosophy and Ben Rabinowitz Endowed Professor of Human Dimensions of the Environment at the University of Washington, Seattle, "A Call for a Global Constitutional Convention Focused on Future Generations," 2014, Ethics and International Affairs, Vol. 28, Issue 3, pp. 299-315, https://doi.org/10.1017/S0892679414000379, EA~ AND do better, would be a central issue for discussion by the convention. It spills over to foster broader intergenerational representation, but independence is keyGardiner 14 2 ~Stephen M. Gardiner, Professor of Philosophy and Ben Rabinowitz Endowed Professor of Human Dimensions of the Environment at the University of Washington, Seattle, "A Call for a Global Constitutional Convention Focused on Future Generations," 2014, Ethics and International Affairs, Vol. 28, Issue 3, pp. 299-315, https://doi.org/10.1017/S0892679414000379, EA~ AND waste) but also the need to identify similar threats before they arise. Proactive measures mitigate a laundry list of emerging catastrophic risks – extinctionBeckstead et al. 14 ~Nick Beckstead, Nick Bostrom, Niel Bowerman, Owen Cotton-Barratt, William MacAskill, Seán Ó hÉigeartaigh, Toby Ord, * Future of Humanity Institute, University of Oxford, Director, Future of Humanity Institute, University of Oxford, * Global Priorities Project, Centre for Effective Altruism; Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Global Priorities Project, Centre for Effective Altruism; Future of Humanity Institute, University of Oxford, * Uehiro Centre for Practical Ethics, University of Oxford, Cambridge Centre for the Study of Existential Risk; Future of Humanity Institute, University of Oxford, * Programme on the Impacts of Future Technology, Oxford Martin School, University of Oxford, "Policy Brief: Unprecedented Technological Risks," 2014, The Global Priorities Project, The Future of Humanity Institute, The Oxford Martin Programme on the Impacts of Future Technology, and The Centre for the Study of Existential Risk, https://www.fhi.ox.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/Unprecedented-Technological-Risks.pdf, Accessed: 03/13/21, EA~ AND in the near future, even if no such breakthroughs currently appear imminent. Maintaining sustainable use of outer space is key to future generationsIslam 18 ~Mohammad Saiful Islam, Mohammad works for the Institute of Advanced Judicial Studies and the Beijing Institute of Technology. 4-27-2018, "The Sustainable Use of Outer Space: Complications and Legal Challenges to the Peaceful Uses and Benefit of Humankind," Beijing Law Review, https://www.scirp.org/journal/paperinformation.aspx?paperid=85201 accessed 12/12/21~ Adam AND over-exploitation of resources and environmental havoc (Fountain, 2002) . | 1/13/22 |
JF- India Rise DATournament: debateLA Challenge | Round: 4 | Opponent: Westwood PM | Judge: Panel 3India’s private sector is key to their space programme.Rajagopalan 20, Rajeswari. ~Dr Rajeswari (Raji) Pillai Rajagopalan is the Director of the Centre for Security, Strategy and Technology (CSST) at the Observer Research Foundation, New Delhi. Dr Rajagopalan was the Technical Advisor to the United Nations Group of Governmental Experts (GGE) on Prevention of Arms Race in Outer Space (PAROS) (July 2018-July 2019). She was also a Non-Resident Indo-Pacific Fellow at the Perth USAsia Centre from April-December 2020. As a senior Asia defence writer for The Diplomat, she writes a weekly column on Asian strategic issues.~ "India’s Space Programme: A Role for the Private Sector, Finally?" Observer Research Foundation, 24 May 2020, https://www.orfonline.org/research/indias-space-programme-a-role-for-the-private-sector-finally-66661/. ~GHS-AA~ AND has undertaken promotion, commercialisation and regulatory functions – which is not healthy. India’s Space program is key to primacy and winning the space race against China.Hickert 17, Cameron. ~Cameron Hickert is a former Research Assistant at Harvard Kennedy School’s Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs, where he focused on China’s artificial intelligence initiatives, U.S.-China relations, and security issues in East Asia. Prior to joining the Belfer Center, Cameron studied as a member of the inaugural class of Schwarzman Scholars. Previously, he was a researcher at the Wilson Center’s China Environment Forum and interned for the U.S. State Department in Vienna, where he provided on-site support at the P5+1 nuclear negotiations with Iran. He holds a B.S. in physics and a B.A. in international studies from the University of Denver.~ "Space Rivals: Power and Strategy in the China-India Space Race." Schwarzman Scholars, 14 Aug. 2017, https://www.schwarzmanscholars.org/events-and-news/space-rivals-power-strategy-china-india-space-race/. ~GHS-AA~ AND in a global environment, sharpen military capabilities, and improve domestic innovation. India Primacy key to US efforts to counter China RiseHeijmans, Philip, and Iain Marlow 21. ~Philip Heijmans is a journalist based in Prague. Iain Marlow is a former Asia-Pacific correspondent for The Globe and Mail. Based in Vancouver, he was responsible for covering Canada’s business ties with the booming economies of Asia, as well as important economic and political developments in the region. Iain has reported from across China, India, Southeast Asia, West Africa and the United States. He joined the Globe in early 2010 as the telecom reporter for Report on Business and in late 2011 began focusing on BlackBerry and its global rivals. In 2012, Iain’s work in Report on Business Magazine was nominated for three National Magazine Awards. His reporting on BlackBerry from Nigeria won a Best in Business award from the Society of American Business Editors and Writers in International Features, and in 2013 he was part of a team of Globe reporters that won a National Newspaper Award in Business. Before joining The Globe, Iain studied journalism and human rights at Carleton University and earned an MSc in International Politics (Distinction) from London’s School of Oriental and African Studies, where he studied on a Chevening Scholarship. He also founded TorontoReview.ca, an international-affairs website, and spent half of 2013 working for Journalists for Human Rights – a Canadian media development organization – in Ghana, where he also did media training for the United Nations Development Programme.~ "India to Emerge as Key Military Partner in US’ Plan to Counter China’s Rise." Business Standard, 13 Jan. 2021, https://www.business-standard.com/article/current-affairs/india-to-emerge-as-key-military-partner-in-us-plan-to-counter-china-s-rise-121011300370'1.html. ~GHS-AA~ AND the Indo-Pacific. It will need to do both at once." Chinese diplomatic influence escalates.Brands 20 ~Hal; Henry A. Kissinger Distinguished Professor of Global Affairs at the Johns Hopkins School of Advanced International Studies (SAIS), a resident scholar at the American Enterprise Institute, and a Bloomberg Opinion columnist; "Don’t Let Great Powers Carve Up the World Spheres of Influence Are Unnecessary and Dangerous," Foreign Affairs; 4/20/20; https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/china/2020-04-20/dont-let-great-powers-carve-world~~ Justin AND and Napoleonic France have often ended, sooner or later, in war. | 1/14/22 |
JF- Kamooalewa PICTournament: UNLV | Round: 2 | Opponent: Harker RT | Judge: Levy, Lotem 2CP Text: Space faring nations should establish a multilateral agreement that restricts asteroid mining done by private entities except for on asteroid Kamo’oalewa.Kamo’oalewa is NEO asteroid comprised of lunar materialDevlin 21 ~Hannah Devlin is the Guardian's science correspondent, having previously been science editor of the Times. "Near-Earth asteroid is a fragment from the moon, say scientists." November 11, 2021. https://www.theguardian.com/science/2021/nov/11/near-earth-asteroid-is-a-fragment-from-the-moon-say-scientists~~ AND said. "It’s easier to explain with the moon than other ideas." Space based solar power is being developed and transitions to 100 clean energy, but lunar regolith is keyO’Neill 13 ~Ian O'Neill is a media relations specialist at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) in Southern California. Prior to joining JPL, he served as editor for the Astronomical Society of the Pacific‘s Mercury magazine and Mercury Online and contributed articles to a number of other publications, including Space.com, Space.com, Live Science, HISTORY.com, Scientific American. Ian holds a Ph.D in solar physics and a master's degree in planetary and space physics. "How to Turn the Moon Into a Giant Space Solar Power Hub." December 3, 2013. https://www.space.com/23810-moon-luna-belt-solar-power-idea.html~~ AND off nuclear energy — it doesn't get more "alternative" than this. Extinction- that’s specktor in the next DA | 2/6/22 |
JF- Megaconstellations PIC vs DeleuzeTournament: Harvard | Round: Triples | Opponent: Scarsdale KS | Judge: Panel 3Cp Text: The appropriation of outer space by private entities is unjust in all instances except for use of mega-constellations.Constellations key to Precision Ag – key to food sustainability and increasing food supply to account for exponential population growth.Greensight 21 3-15-2021 "Can Starlink Save the World by Connecting Farms?" https://www.greensightag.com/logbook/can-starlink-save-the-world-by-connecting-farms/ (Data Management Consulting Firm)Elmer AND advancing access to precision agriculture globally and contributing to solving global food challenges. Food Insecurity goes nuclear – escalates multiple hotspots.Cribb 19 Julian Cribb 8-23-2019 "Food or War" https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/abs/food-or-war/hotspots-for-food-conflict-in-the-twentyfirst-century/1CD674412E09B8E6F325C9C0A0A6778A (principal of Julian Cribb and Associates who provide specialist consultancy in the communication of science, agriculture, food, mining, energy and the environment. , His published work includes over 8000 articles, 3000 media releases and eight books. He has received 32 awards for journalism.)Elmer AND their homes in Sub-Saharan Africa. 75 The second decade of the And solves and turns the aff~1~ Mega-constellations don’t "divide space up into parts" they’re just satellites that move~2~ The CP enables "connectivity" between people through better internet i.e., starlink~3~ Megaconstellations are a distributed network that is not based on a centralized communications platform and which enables people across the world to interact with each other on the internet. that means it is the best system for deterritorializing relationships between people because it promotes fluidity without centralized power.~4~ Mega-constellations are still "for everyone" because everyone benefits from the internet and prevention of extincion | 2/21/22 |
JF- Mining Good DATournament: UNLV | Round: 2 | Opponent: Harker RT | Judge: Levy, Lotem 3Private sector is key to mining and overcomes all extinction scenarios.Pelton 17—Director Emeritus of the Space and Advanced Communications Research Institute at George Washington University, PHD in IR from Georgetown.. Pelton, Joseph N. 2017. The New Gold Rush: The Riches of Space Beckon! Springer. Accessed 8/30/19. AND global space agreements, are part of this new pathway to the future. Water wars escalate.Klare 20 — Five College professor emeritus of peace and world security studies, and director of the Five College Program in Peace and World Security Studies (PAWSS), holds a B.A. and M.A. from Columbia University and a Ph.D. from the Graduate School of the Union Institute. (Michael; Published: 2020; "Climate Change, Water Scarcity, and the Potential for Interstate Conflict in South Asia"; Journal of Strategic Security 13, No. 4, Pages 109-122; https://doi.org/10.5038/1944-0472.13.4.1826 Available at: https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/jss/vol13/iss4/8)//CYang AND global agriculture—an outcome with enormous implications for American national security.30 So do resource wars.Klare 13 – Michael T., professor emeritus of peace and world-security studies at Hampshire College and senior visiting fellow at the Arms Control Association in Washington, DC, " How Resource Scarcity and Climate Change Could Produce a Global Explosion", The Nation, 4/22/2013, https://www.thenation.com/article/how-resource-scarcity-and-climate-change-could-produce-global-explosion/ JHW AND conflict. We are now heading directly into a resource-shock world. Exploration key to prevent terrestrial mining and solve warming.MacWhorter 16 ~Kevin; J.D. Candidate, William and Mary Law School, "Sustainable Mining: Incentivizing Asteroid Mining in the Name of Environmentalism", William and Mary Environmental Law and Policy Review, Vol 40, Issue 2, Article 11, https://scholarship.law.wm.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?referer=https://www.google.com/andhttpsredir=1andarticle=1653andcontext=wmelpr~~ brett AND of mining need not be sacrificed for the sake of the environment.38 Extinction—contrary models are incorrect.Specktor 19 ~Brandon; 6/4/19; Writes about the science of everyday life for Live Science, and previously for Reader's Digest magazine, where he served as an editor for five years; "Human Civilization Will Crumble by 2050 If We Don't Stop Climate Change Now, New Paper Claims," livescience, https://www.livescience.com/65633-climate-change-dooms-humans-by-2050.html~~ Justin AND of human global civilization as we know it." | 2/6/22 |
JF- Mining Good DA vShortTournament: Harvard | Round: 2 | Opponent: American Heritage MC | Judge: Krause, Lukas 3Climate change makes water shortages inevitable – that causes hydro-political conflict escalation which goes nuclearHarvey 8/17 ~(Fiona, the Guardian's environment correspondent, won the Foreign Press Association award for Environment Story of the Year and the British Environment and Media Awards journalist of the year) "Global water crisis will intensify with climate breakdown, says report," The Guardian, 8/17/2021~ JL AND scenarios of water wars that could spark nuclear exchanges are now becoming possible. Asteroid mining solves water access – only NEOs are sufficiently proximate and hydrated – independently, storing launch fuel on asteroids reduces space debris – turns caseTillman 19 ~(Nola Taylor, has been published in Astronomy, Sky and Telescope, Scientific American, New Scientist, Science News (AAS), Space.com, and Astrobiology magazine, BA in Astrophysics) "Tons of Water in Asteroids Could Fuel Satellites, Space Exploration," Space, 9/29/2019~ JL AND and 'cost-effective' are defined by each company is to be seen." | 2/20/22 |
JF- Mining PICTournament: Tournament of Champions | Round: 5 | Opponent: Sidwell SW | Judge: Aaron, Brianna 2We endorse the entirety of the affirmative without their affirmation that the appropriation of outer space by private entities through asteroid mining is unjust.Asteroid mining is privatized and feasible – it solves resource conflict and environmental catastropheKevin MacWhorter 16, J.D. Candidate, William and Mary Law School, "Sustainable Mining: Incentivizing Asteroid Mining in the Name of Environmentalism", William and Mary Environmental Law and Policy Review, Vol 40, Issue 2, Article 11, https://scholarship.law.wm.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?referer=https://www.google.com/andhttpsredir=1andarticle=1653andcontext=wmelpr AND in space for refrigeration, creating the perfect vacuum . . . .86 Outweighs the aff.Phil Torres 16. Affiliate scholar at the Institute for Ethics and Emerging Technologies. "Biodiversity loss: An existential risk comparable to climate change." Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists 4/11/2016. http://thebulletin.org/biodiversity-loss-existential-risk-comparable-climate-change9329 AND as one of the most significant contemporary risks to human prosperity and survival. Resource wars go nuclear.Klare 13 – Michael T., professor emeritus of peace and world-security studies at Hampshire College and senior visiting fellow at the Arms Control Association in Washington, DC, " How Resource Scarcity and Climate Change Could Produce a Global Explosion", The Nation, 4/22/2013, https://www.thenation.com/article/how-resource-scarcity-and-climate-change-could-produce-global-explosion/ JHW AND conflict. We are now heading directly into a resource-shock world. | 4/24/22 |
JF- Mining Regulations CPTournament: Harvard Westlake | Round: 6 | Opponent: Dwight Engelwood EK | Judge: Mizrahi, Lena 3Counterplan text: The Committee on the Peaceful use of Outer Space ought to establish an application system for property rights on celestial bodies conditioned upon open disclosure of data and applications. Private entities will only be granted one property grant per celestial body.CP solves the Case – 1~ Solves multilat because it eliminates ambiguity over property rights regime and 2~ Solves Advantage 2 because the Committee can stop rogue states and terrorist groups from illegally using mining for Asteroid Terrorism which their 1AC card concedes solves. 3~ Solves resources advantage because resource conflict relies on unregulated space that fosters harmful competitionMining regulations ensure Mining is safe.Steffen 21 ~Olaf Steffen, Olaf is a scientist at the Institute of Composite Structures and Adaptive Sytems at the German Aerospace Center. 12-2-2021, "Explore to Exploit: A Data-Centred Approach to Space Mining Regulation," Institute of Composite Structures and Adaptive Systems, German Aerospace Center, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0265964621000515 accessed 12/12/21~ Adam AND of a NEO's orbit to intercept Earth by changing its mass through mining. Condo advantage counterplans are good – key to test the intrinsicness of aff impacts – winning a straight turn doesn’t prove the aff is a good idea or better than the squo which is the aff’s burden, and no policymaker would implement a proposal just because it’s not the worst idea. | 1/16/22 |
JF- Moon Base CPTournament: Emory | Round: 5 | Opponent: Carnegie Vanguard SR | Judge: Swift, Jefferey CP Text: Private entities ought to cooperate to appropriate the moon by building a moon base with the purpose of scientific studies of Lunar Heritage.That solves 100 of the aff but maintains mutual exclusivity by allowing appropriation of the moon.Private entities are critical to building the moon base – otherwise it’s technologically infeasible.Stuart 20 – Colin is an Astronomy Author and Speaker. 12/22/20. ~Science Focus, "How to build a Moon base," https://www.sciencefocus.com/space/how-to-build-a-moon-base/~~ Justin AND , leaving anyone in a colony there at least six months from help. | 1/29/22 |
JF- PLA Backlash DATournament: Churchill | Round: 2 | Opponent: Cypress Woods CT | Judge: Okunlola, Nelson 2Xi is tightening control over the PLA but completing goals are critical.Krishnan 21 – Ananth, 11/18/21, ~‘Xi tightened control over the PLA’, TheHindu, https://www.thehindu.com/news/international/xi-tightened-control-over-the-pla/article37549460.ece~~ Justin AND have worked vigorously to govern the military with strict discipline in every respect." The commercial space sector is one of the PLAs central goals – the plan is a 180.Bartholomew and Cleveland 19 – Carolyn and Robin, 4/25/19, Chairmen and Vice Chairmen. Section is written from Michael A. McDevitt, US Congressperson, ~"HEARING ON CHINA IN SPACE: A STRATEGIC COMPETITION?," https://www.uscc.gov/sites/default/files/transcripts/April20252C20201920Hearing20Transcript2028229.pdf~~ Justin AND and is prepared to use cyberattacks against U.S. space systems. That triggers backlash – they don’t support restrictions on the space sector and will do everything to convince leaders not to do the plan.Cheng 14 ~Dean Cheng, Senior Research Fellow in the Asia Studies Center at the Heritage Foundation, Former Senior Analyst at the China Studies Division of the Center for Naval Analyses, Former Senior Analyst with Science Applications International Corporation, "Prospects for U.S.-China Space Cooperation", Testimony before the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation, United States Senate, 4/9/2014, https://www.heritage.org/testimony/prospects-us-china-space-cooperation~~ AND —with a real likelihood that the PLA would be one of them. An unhinged PLA triggers Himalayan war – goes globalChellaney 17 ~Dr. Brahma Chellaney, Professor of Strategic Studies at the Center for Policy Research and Fellow at the Robert Bosch Academy, PhD in International Studies from Jawaharlal Nehru University, "Why the Chinese Military’s Rising Clout Troubles Xi Jinping", The National, 9/9/2017, https://www.thenational.ae/opinion/why-the-chinese-military-s-rising-clout-troubles-xi-jinping-1.626815?videoId=5754807360001~~ AND as a praetorian state are real and carry major implications for international security. Extinction.Caldicott 17 – Helen, 2017, Founder of Physicians for Social Responsibility ~"The new nuclear danger: George W. Bush's military-industrial complex," The New Press~Elmer AND nuclear winter would ensue, meaning the end of most life on earth. | 1/13/22 |
JF- PLA DA vs Asteroid MiningTournament: UNLV | Round: 2 | Opponent: Harker RT | Judge: Levy, Lotem 3Xi is tightening control over the PLA but completing goals are critical.Krishnan 21 – Ananth, 11/18/21, ~‘Xi tightened control over the PLA’, TheHindu, https://www.thehindu.com/news/international/xi-tightened-control-over-the-pla/article37549460.ece~~ Justin AND have worked vigorously to govern the military with strict discipline in every respect." The commercial space sector is one of the PLAs central goals – the plan is a 180.Bartholomew and Cleveland 19 – Carolyn and Robin, 4/25/19, Chairmen and Vice Chairmen. Section is written from Michael A. McDevitt, US Congressperson, ~"HEARING ON CHINA IN SPACE: A STRATEGIC COMPETITION?," https://www.uscc.gov/sites/default/files/transcripts/April20252C20201920Hearing20Transcript2028229.pdf~~ Justin AND and is prepared to use cyberattacks against U.S. space systems. Mining tech’s dual use – PLA does careDeudney 20, Daniel. Dark skies: Space expansionism, planetary geopolitics, and the ends of humanity. Oxford University Press, USA, 2020. AND how long they will last are now unknowable but pivotal to their economic prospects That triggers backlash – they don’t support restrictions on the space sector and will do everything to convince leaders not to do the plan.Cheng 14 ~Dean Cheng, Senior Research Fellow in the Asia Studies Center at the Heritage Foundation, Former Senior Analyst at the China Studies Division of the Center for Naval Analyses, Former Senior Analyst with Science Applications International Corporation, "Prospects for U.S.-China Space Cooperation", Testimony before the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation, United States Senate, 4/9/2014, https://www.heritage.org/testimony/prospects-us-china-space-cooperation~~ AND —with a real likelihood that the PLA would be one of them. An unhinged PLA triggers Himalayan war – goes globalChellaney 17 ~Dr. Brahma Chellaney, Professor of Strategic Studies at the Center for Policy Research and Fellow at the Robert Bosch Academy, PhD in International Studies from Jawaharlal Nehru University, "Why the Chinese Military’s Rising Clout Troubles Xi Jinping", The National, 9/9/2017, https://www.thenational.ae/opinion/why-the-chinese-military-s-rising-clout-troubles-xi-jinping-1.626815?videoId=5754807360001~~ AND as a praetorian state are real and carry major implications for international security. Extinction.Caldicott 17 – Helen, 2017, Founder of Physicians for Social Responsibility ~"The new nuclear danger: George W. Bush's military-industrial complex," The New Press~Elmer AND nuclear winter would ensue, meaning the end of most life on earth. | 2/6/22 |
JF- PLA DA vs Lunar HeritageTournament: Emory | Round: 5 | Opponent: Carnegie Vanguard SR | Judge: Swift, Jefferey 2nd is the PLA Backlash DAXi is tightening control over the PLA but completing goals are critical.Krishnan 21 – Ananth, 11/18/21, ~‘Xi tightened control over the PLA’, TheHindu, https://www.thehindu.com/news/international/xi-tightened-control-over-the-pla/article37549460.ece~~ Justin AND have worked vigorously to govern the military with strict discipline in every respect." The commercial space sector is one of the PLAs central goals – the plan is a 180.Bartholomew and Cleveland 19 – Carolyn and Robin, 4/25/19, Chairmen and Vice Chairmen. Section is written from Michael A. McDevitt, US Congressperson, ~"HEARING ON CHINA IN SPACE: A STRATEGIC COMPETITION?," https://www.uscc.gov/sites/default/files/transcripts/April20252C20201920Hearing20Transcript2028229.pdf~~ Justin AND and is prepared to use cyberattacks against U.S. space systems. Preservation of lunar heritage is viewed by China as a claim to sovereignty over the moon and killing Chinese space ambitionsJi Et Al 1-20 Elliot Ji 1-20-2022, "What Does China Think About NASA’s Artemis Accords?," No Publication, https://thediplomat.com/2020/09/what-does-china-think-about-nasas-artemis-accords/SJKS AND use of lunar resources and instigate conflicts over lunar sovereignty. That triggers backlash – they don’t support restrictions on the space sector and will do everything to convince leaders not to do the plan.Cheng 14 ~Dean Cheng, Senior Research Fellow in the Asia Studies Center at the Heritage Foundation, Former Senior Analyst at the China Studies Division of the Center for Naval Analyses, Former Senior Analyst with Science Applications International Corporation, "Prospects for U.S.-China Space Cooperation", Testimony before the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation, United States Senate, 4/9/2014, https://www.heritage.org/testimony/prospects-us-china-space-cooperation~~ AND —with a real likelihood that the PLA would be one of them. An unhinged PLA triggers Himalayan war – goes globalChellaney 17 ~Dr. Brahma Chellaney, Professor of Strategic Studies at the Center for Policy Research and Fellow at the Robert Bosch Academy, PhD in International Studies from Jawaharlal Nehru University, "Why the Chinese Military’s Rising Clout Troubles Xi Jinping", The National, 9/9/2017, https://www.thenational.ae/opinion/why-the-chinese-military-s-rising-clout-troubles-xi-jinping-1.626815?videoId=5754807360001~~ AND as a praetorian state are real and carry major implications for international security. Extinction.Caldicott 17 – Helen, 2017, Founder of Physicians for Social Responsibility ~"The new nuclear danger: George W. Bush's military-industrial complex," The New Press~Elmer AND nuclear winter would ensue, meaning the end of most life on earth. | 1/29/22 |
JF- Putin Backlash DATournament: Emory | Round: 5 | Opponent: Carnegie Vanguard SR | Judge: Swift, Jefferey 1st is the Putin Backlash DAThe plan is perceived as a claim to sovereignty that violates international space law – scares Russia – their evidence.1AC Fessl 19 – Sophie Fessl, PhD King’s College London, BA Oxford, 7/10/19 ~JSTOR Daily, "Should the Moon Landing Site Be a National Historic Landmark?" https://daily.jstor.org/should-the-moon-landing-site-be-a-national-historic-landmark/~~ Justin AND U.S.-licensed missions to adhere to NASA’s guidelines from 2011. Putin has banked his prestige off of appropriation of the moon – the plan’s unilateral claim to sovereignty is a shock to dreams of hegemony.Whittington 20 – Mark, Published a political study of space exploration entitled Why is It So Hard to Go Back to the Moon? as well as The Moon, Mars and Beyond. He blogs at Curmudgeons Corner. He is published in the Wall Street Journal, Forbes, The Hill, USA Today, the LA Times, and the Washington Post, among other venues, 9/6/20 ~The Hill, "Russia makes bid to become a space power with Luna-25 mission to the moon," https://thehill.com/opinion/technology/515117-russia-makes-bid-to-become-a-space-power-with-luna-25-mission-to-the-moon~~ Justin AND . All of the landers will carry NASA and commercial payloads and instruments. That triggers lashout – extinction.Gressel 16 ~Gustav Acting Director and a senior policy fellow with the Wider Europe Programme at the European Council on Foreign Relations' Berlin office, European Council on Foreign Relations, "The dangerous decade: Russia-NATO relations 2014 to 2024", July 2016, https://www.ecfr.eu/article/commentary'the'dangerous'decade'russia'nato'relations'2014'to'2024~~ AND The West, and particularly Europe, needs to prepare for these contingencies. | 1/29/22 |
MA- Ukraine PICTournament: TFA State | Round: 2 | Opponent: Plano East AD | Judge: Cook, River 2PIC Text: In a democracy except Ukraine, a free press ought to prioritize objectivity over advocacy. In Ukraine, a free press ought to prioritize objectivity over advocacy except in Ukrainian propaganda against Russia’s invasion.Ukraine war is optimistic, but maintaining outside support and low Russian morale’s keyUkraine getting outside help from west AND the other hand, that’s also how a Ukrainian army becomes more determined. Ukrainian propaganda is key to defeating Russia.Stuart A. Thompson 22 (reporter in the technology department covering misinformation and disinformation.) and Davey Alba (technology reporter covering disinformation. In 2019, she won a Livingston Award for excellence in international reporting and a Mirror Award) 3/3/2022, nytimes, Fact and Mythmaking Blend in Ukraine’s Information War, https://www.nytimes.com/2022/03/03/technology/ukraine-war-misinfo.html AND out those messages, which makes them combatants of a sort as well." Ukraine’s info war is key to defeating Russia.Sinan Aral 22 (director of the MIT Initiative on the Digital Economy and author of "The Hype Machine) 3/1/2022, Ukraine is winning the information war, Washington Post, https://www.washingtonpost.com/outlook/2022/03/01/information-war-zelensky-ukraine-putin-russia/ AND where the hearts and minds of the world will be won or lost. Russian win would lead to escalation in multiple forums – goes global.LIANA FIX 22 (Resident Fellow at the German Marshall Fund, in Washington, D.C). MICHAEL KIMMAGE (Professor of History at the Catholic University of America and a Visiting Fellow at the German Marshall Fund. )2/18/22, What If Russia Wins? A Kremlin-Controlled Ukraine Would Transform Europe, Foreign Affairs, https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/ukraine/2022-02-18/what-if-russia-wins AND a rapprochement between Washington and Beijing, but it may initiate new conversations. | 3/10/22 |
ND- Build Back Better DATournament: Glenbrooks | Round: 1 | Opponent: Harvard Westlake LD | Judge: Barquin, Joseph 2Continued Biden PC passes Build Back better- defies inflation concernsBarrón- López 11-11 Laura Barrón-López White House Correspondent for Politico, formerly covered Congress for the Washington Examiner, HuffPost and The Hill, BA political science, California State University, Fullerton, "Dems to White House: The only prescription is more Biden," Politico, 11-11-2021, https://www.politico.com/news/2021/11/11/dems-white-house-biden-520946 AND —I will cling to that hope as the Biden administration takes shape. Labor reform saps PC – empirically prove with Obama, corporate opposition, and Democratic resistanceLeon 21 Luis Feliz Leon, 01-06-2021, ""If we want it, we’re going to have to fight like hell for it" - Labor faces an uphill battle to pass the PRO Act," Strike Wave, https://www.thestrikewave.com/original-content/labor-faces-uphill-battle-to-pass-pro-act/SJKS AND in motion spur labor-law reforms, not the other way around." Passage consolidates climate momentum, but BBB’s uniquely key to solve cascading impacts.Sherell 11-10 Daniel Sherrell, author of Warmth: Coming of Age at the End of Our World (Penguin Books) and a climate activist, "If Biden doesn’t pass the climate bill, it will be the betrayal of a generation," The Guardian, 11-10-2021, https://amp.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2021/nov/09/if-biden-doesnt-pass-the-climate-bill-it-will-be-the-betrayal-of-a-generation AND evidence to the contrary – that our leaders may actually choose to lead. Climate change causes extinction.Specktor 19 ~Brandon; writes about the science of everyday life for Live Science, and previously for Reader's Digest magazine, where he served as an editor for five years; "Human Civilization Will Crumble by 2050 If We Don't Stop Climate Change Now, New Paper Claims," livescience, 6/4/19; https://www.livescience.com/65633-climate-change-dooms-humans-by-2050.html~~ Justin AND and perhaps "the end of human global civilization as we know it." | 11/20/21 |
ND- Decoupling DATournament: Longhorn Classic | Round: 6 | Opponent: San Mateo YR | Judge: Chao, Isaac 3US-China decoupling is on the brinkDinic 2-2 Leonardo Dinic, NYU Alumnus, China-US Focus, 2-2-2021, "US-China Competition – Semiconductors and the Future of Tech Supremacy," https://www.chinausfocus.com/foreign-policy/us-china-competition-semiconductors-and-the-future-of-tech-supremacy AND instead of taxpayers, but this could also prove to be a hurdle. Wage increases decreases exports and foreign investment- causes decoupling- empirics and studies proveEmpirical data and theoretical predictions are just incredibly fire AND rising unskilled-labor costs in China than wholly foreign-owned firms. US-China decoupling causes warGalen 20 Ted Galen Carpenter (senior fellow for defense and foreign policy studies at the Cato Institute. Carpenter served as Cato’s director of foreign policy studies from 1986 to 1995 and as vice president for defense and foreign policy studies from 1995 to 2011) 10/27/2020, Economic Decoupling Creates Grave Strategic Dangers for China and America, https://www.cato.org/commentary/economic-decoupling-creates-grave-strategic-dangers-china-america AND it is a potentially lethal move from the standpoint of war and peace. US-China war goes nuclear.Logan 9/18 ~David; PhD Candidate on International Affairs at Princeton; 9/18/20; "The Dangerous Myths About China’s Nuclear Weapons," War On The Rocks, https://warontherocks.com/2020/09/the-dangerous-myths-about-chinas-nuclear-weapons/~~ Justin AND nuclear operations intended to degrade Chinese warfighting capabilities or impose costs on China. | 12/5/21 |
ND- Healthcare Workers PICTournament: Longhorn Classic | Round: Octas | Opponent: Memorial SC | Judge: Panel 2CP Text: A just government ought to recognize an unconditional right of workers to strike except for public health officials and those who work in the public health industry.In the squo, the right to strike is banned by the ILO for essential workers.Chima 13 Chima, Sylvester C. "Global Medicine: Is It Ethical or Morally Justifiable for Doctors and Other Healthcare Workers to Go on Strike?" BMC Medical Ethics, BioMed Central, 19 Dec. 2013, bmcmedethics.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1472-6939-14-S1-S5. SJEP AND legislation if it these are deemed essential to its particular circumstances ~33~. Nurse strikes increase the percentage of patient mortality and destroy hospital finances – empirics.Masterson 17 ~Les Masterson. Managing editor at HCPro. "Nursing strikes can cause harm well beyond labor relations". 8-15-2017. Healthcare Dive. https://www.healthcaredive.com/news/nursing-strikes-can-cause-harm-well-beyond-labor-relations/447627/.~~ SJVM AND hospitals. They also canceled procedures and appointments in preparation of a strike. Hospitals are the critical internal link for pandemic preparedness.Al Thobaity 20, Abdullelah, and Farhan Alshammari. "Nurses on the frontline against the COVID-19 pandemic: an Integrative review." Dubai Medical Journal 3.3 (2020): 87-92. (Associate Professor of Nursing at Taif University) AND disaster, responsible people will do all but the impossible to save lives. New Pandemics are deadlier and faster are coming – COVID is just the beginningAntonelli 20 Ashley Fuoco Antonelli 5-15-2020 https://www.advisory.com/daily-briefing/2020/05/15/weekly-line "Weekly line: Why deadly disease outbreaks could become more common—even after Covid-19" (Associate Editor — American Health Line) AND globalization is likely to continue—meaning so could infectious diseases' far spread. Healthcare workers like doctors make promises like the hippocratic oath – striking violates their oaths and is promise breakingMawere 10 Mawere M. (2010). Are physicians' strikes ever morally justifiable? A call for a return to tradition. The Pan African AND and judgment but never with a view to injury and wrongdoing ~13~. | 4/23/22 |
ND- Infrastructure Politics DATournament: Blue Key | Round: 2 | Opponent: King AT | Judge: Wang-Choi, Jeong 3Bill passes now- negotiations are holding with Manchin and Sinema-but UN meeting and state elections make it so that there is no margin for errorEdmonson and Cochrane 10-24 Catie Edmondson and Emily Cochrane, 10-24-2021, "Biden Meets With Manchin and Schumer as Democrats Race to Finish Social Policy Bill," New York Times, https://www.nytimes.com/2021/10/24/us/politics/biden-manchin-schumer-spending-bill.html/SJKS AND for him to accept more spending in order to avoid dropping other programs. Labor reform saps PC – empirically prove with Obama, corporate opposition, and Democratic resistanceLeon 21 Luis Feliz Leon, 01-06-2021, ""If we want it, we’re going to have to fight like hell for it" - Labor faces an uphill battle to pass the PRO Act," Strike Wave, https://www.thestrikewave.com/original-content/labor-faces-uphill-battle-to-pass-pro-act/SJKS AND in motion spur labor-law reforms, not the other way around." Infrastructure secures the grid against worsening and increasing cyberattacks.Carney 21 ~Chris; 8/6/21; Senior policy advisor at Nossaman LLC, former US Representative, former professor of political science at Penn State University; "The US Senate Infrastructure Bill: Securing Our Electrical Grid Through P3s and Grants," JDSupra, https://www.jdsupra.com/legalnews/the-us-senate-infrastructure-bill-4989100/~~ Justin AND partnerships and grants, the nation can quickly secure its infrastructure from cyberattacks. Cyberattacks on the grid spiral to all-out nuclear conflict.Klare 19 ~Michael; November 2019; Professor emeritus of peace and world security studies at Hampshire College; "Cyber Battles, Nuclear Outcomes? Dangerous New Pathways to Escalation," Arms Control Association, https://www.armscontrol.org/act/2019-11/features/cyber-battles-nuclear-outcomes-dangerous-new-pathways-escalation~~ Justin AND such attacks "could lead to major conflict and possibly nuclear war."14 | 10/30/21 |
ND- Intermittent Strikes PIC vs KantTournament: Blue Key | Round: 6 | Opponent: American Heritage NR | Judge: Das, Sreyaash 5CP Text: A just government ought to recognize the right to strike however not unconditionally, intermittent strikes should be illegal, all other types of strikes the AC recognizes should be.Intermittent strikes violate labor peace, Theodore 19~Mark Theodore, 7-30-2019, "Employer’s Discipline of Employees Engaging In "Intermittent Strikes" Lawful: NLRB Majority", Labor Relations Update, https://www.laborrelationsupdate.com/nlra/employers-discipline-of-employees-engaging-in-intermittent-strikes-lawful-nlrb-majority/, date accessed 10-24-2021~ Lex AT AND by Congress in crafting the Act and therefore does not warrant protected status. Unconditional means,https://www.google.com/search?q=unconditional+definitionandoq=unconditional+definitionandaqs=chrome..69i57j0i512l3j0i22i30l6.2119j0j9andsourceid=chromeandie=UTF-8 Takes out general principle bc it means general principle still defends all stirkes since exceptions are ocnditions.That negates under the AC framework –1~ Promise breaking – the original NLRA act that explains the right to strike made them illegal bc they violated the purpose of genuine strikes. ow on perfect duties2~ Solves aff offense none of it is specific to an unconditional right3~ contradiction in conception – if everyone always stirked for no reason stikres would have no purposeYes CPs negate - Good and bad are attributive adjectives which don’t make sense in a vacuum i.e. you can’t say this burger is really good without comparing it to alternative burgers. | 10/30/21 |
ND- Police PIC vs Berardi SoulsTournament: Glenbrooks | Round: 4 | Opponent: DTHS HV | Judge: Bukowsky, Holden 3CP: A just government ought to recognize an unconditional right of workers’ souls to strike except for the souls of police officers.Samantha Michaels, Sept/Oct-2020, Samantha Michaels is a reporter at Mother Jones, "If you want to defund the police, start with their unions," Mother Jones, https://www.motherjones.com/crime-justice/2020/08/police-unions-minneapolis/ SR AND referred to police unions as rightful beneficiaries in the movement for workers’ rights. Strikes empower unions.Erin Corbett, 6-23-2020, Freelance journalist and writer on politics, feminism, and social justice. Seen in MSN, Yahoo, VICE, Fortune, People Magazine, Bustle, The Daily Dot, Alternet, Money, The Trace, Rewire.News, Daily Hampshire Gazette, and more. "Police Are Going On Strike. Should Anyone Care?," https://www.refinery29.com/en-us/2020/06/9874441/police-going-on-strike-walkout-reason SR AND organize a union. During the work stoppage the city experienced more robberies. Solves the aff- no every worker key ev- and police will shut down social movements and unions if they have right to strikeYes offense under their framing- police unions are a product of a capitalist society that causes massive violence to black and brown bodies- their souls are corrupt and full of hate. | 11/21/21 |
ND- Stock Markets DATournament: Blue Key | Round: Finals | Opponent: Lexington BF | Judge: Panel 2The stock market is trending upwards but it’s uncertain – blips aren’t enough to disprove the general trend and recent developments prove.Miao and Macheel 10/21 ~Tanaya and Hannah; 10/21/21; Reporter at CNBC, Associate Markets Reporter, graduated summa cum laude from Duke University with a degree in public policy; "SandP 500 slips from record, but heads for winning week on strong earnings," CNBC, https://www.cnbc.com/2021/10/21/stock-market-futures-open-to-close-news.html~~ Justin AND foreign bondholders, staving off a default for the property developer. Best data proves union strike victories statistically cause stock market crash.Lee and Mas 12 ~David; Princeton University and National Bureau of Economic Research; Alexandre; Princeton University and National Bureau of Economic Research; "Long-Run Impacts of Unions on Firms: New Evidence from Financial Markets, 1961–1999," The Quarterly Journal Of Economics; February 2012; https://academic.oup.com/qje/article-abstract/127/1/333/1834007?redirectedFrom=fulltext~~ Justin AND returns for cases where the union won the election by a large margin. The next market crash causes economic collapse – conditions are ripe for failure.Vallejo 10/4 ~Justin; 10/4/21; Citing personal finance expert Robert Kiyosaki; "‘Biggest crash in world history’: Personal finance expert Robert Kiyosaki predicts economic crisis in October," Independent, https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/us-politics/robert-kiyosaki-market-crash-october-b1930754.html~~ Justin AND than $300bn in debt – the most indebted company in the world. Extinction.Liu '18 ~Qian; 11/13/18; Managing Director of Greater China for The Economist Group, previously director of the global economics unit and director of Access China for the Economist Intelligence Unit, PhD in economics from Uppsala University; "The next economic crisis could cause a global conflict. Here's why," https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2018/11/the-next-economic-crisis-could-cause-a-global-conflict-heres-why/~~ Justin AND sensible and respectful global dialogue. The alternative may well be global conflagration. | 11/20/21 |
SO- Antitrust Ptx DATournament: Grapevine | Round: 3 | Opponent: Cypress Woods AZ | Judge: Sun, Favian 4Bipartisan antitrust bills passing now but continued PC needed to pacify republicans.Perlman 9/3 ~Matthew; 9/3/21; "Interest Groups Back Big Tech Antitrust Bills In House," LAW360, https://www.law360.com/competition/articles/1418789/interest-groups-back-big-tech-antitrust-bills-in-house~~ Justin AND agree is already doing great harm to our democracy," the letter said. Aff doesn’t solve but requires negotiations that saps PC.Pooley 21 ~James; Former deputy director general of the United Nations’ World Intellectual Property Organization and a member of the Center for Intellectual Property Understanding; "Drawn-Out Negotiations Over Covid IP Will Blow Back on Biden," Barron’s; 5/26/21; https://www.barrons.com/articles/drawn-out-negotiations-over-covid-ip-will-blow-back-on-biden-51621973675~~ Justin AND helping export our surplus vaccine doses and vaccine ingredients to countries in need. Antitrust is key to the DIB – brink is now.Sitaraman 20 ~Ganesh; Vanderbilt University Law School; "The National Security Case for Breaking Up Big Tech," Knight First Amendment Institute at Columbia; 3/12/20; https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract'id=3537870~~ brett Re-Cut Justin AND redirected via monopoly profits to the pockets of big tech executives and shareholders. That solves extinction through great power war.Marks 19 ~Michael; Former Senior Policy Advisor to the Under Secretary for Security Assistance, Science and Technology at the U.S. Department of State; "Strengthen US Industry To Counter National Security Challenges," American Military News; 10/10/19; https://americanmilitarynews.com/2019/10/strengthen-us-industry-to-counter-national-security-challenges/~~ Justin AND industry, therefore, will be critical to countering our national security challenges. | 9/11/21 |
SO- China DATournament: Grapevine | Round: 1 | Opponent: Westlake NB | Judge: Voudris, Stephan China DAThe US is leading the biopharmaceuticals race – but China is close. Catching up would be a death sentence for US lead.Gupta 21 ~Gaurav; Physician, founder of the biotechnology investment firm Ascendant BioCapital; "As Washington Ties Pharma’s Hands, China Is Leaping Ahead," Barrons; 6/11/21; https://www.barrons.com/articles/as-washington-ties-pharmas-hands-china-is-leaping-ahead-51623438808~~ Justin AND of research capacity will negatively affect Americans’ access to cutting-edge therapies. The plan gives away sensitive biotechnology information that facilitates a China lead.Rogin 21 ~Josh; Columnist for the Global Opinions section of the Washington Post and a political analyst with CNN. Previously, he has covered foreign policy and national security for Bloomberg View, Newsweek, the Daily Beast, Foreign Policy magazine, Congressional Quarterly, Federal Computer Week magazine and Japan’s Asahi Shimbun newspaper. He was a 2011 finalist for the Livingston Award for Young Journalists and the 2011 recipient of the Interaction Award for Excellence in International Reporting. Rogin holds a BA in international affairs from George Washington University and studied at Sophia University in Tokyo. He lives in Washington, DC; "Opinion: The wrong way to fight vaccine nationalism," The Washington Post; 4/8/21; https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/global-opinions/the-wrong-way-to-fight-vaccine-nationalism/2021/04/08/9a65e15e-98a8-11eb-962b-78c1d8228819'story.html~~ Justin AND Cohen, senior fellow at the University of California at Berkeley Law School. Gains are directly converted to military prowess – destroys US primacy.Kuo 17 ~Mercy A; Executive Vice President at Pamir Consulting; "The Great US-China Biotechnology and Artificial Intelligence Race," The Diplomat; 8/23/17; https://thediplomat.com/2017/08/the-great-us-china-biotechnology-and-artificial-intelligence-race/~~ TDI Re-Cut Justin AND are tailored to overcome the immune system or the microbiome of specific populations. That causes extinction.Yulis 17 ~Max; Major in PoliSci, Penn Political Review; "In Defense of Liberal Internationalism," Penn Political Review; 4/8/17; http://pennpoliticalreview.org/2017/04/in-defense-of-liberal-internationalism/~~ Re-Cut Justin AND limelight to advocate the virtues of peace, stability, and human rights. | 9/10/21 |
SO- China DA vs CRISPRTournament: Loyola | Round: 6 | Opponent: Immaculate Heart JL | Judge: Gedela, Tej 3The US is leading the biopharmaceuticals race – but China is close. Catching up would be a death sentence for US lead.Gupta 21 ~Gaurav; Physician, founder of the biotechnology investment firm Ascendant BioCapital; "As Washington Ties Pharma’s Hands, China Is Leaping Ahead," Barrons; 6/11/21; https://www.barrons.com/articles/as-washington-ties-pharmas-hands-china-is-leaping-ahead-51623438808~~ Justin AND of research capacity will negatively affect Americans’ access to cutting-edge therapies. The plan gives away sensitive biotechnology information that facilitates a China lead.Rogin 21 ~Josh; Columnist for the Global Opinions section of the Washington Post and a political analyst with CNN. Previously, he has covered foreign policy and national security for Bloomberg View, Newsweek, the Daily Beast, Foreign Policy magazine, Congressional Quarterly, Federal Computer Week magazine and Japan’s Asahi Shimbun newspaper. He was a 2011 finalist for the Livingston Award for Young Journalists and the 2011 recipient of the Interaction Award for Excellence in International Reporting. Rogin holds a BA in international affairs from George Washington University and studied at Sophia University in Tokyo. He lives in Washington, DC; "Opinion: The wrong way to fight vaccine nationalism," The Washington Post; 4/8/21; https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/global-opinions/the-wrong-way-to-fight-vaccine-nationalism/2021/04/08/9a65e15e-98a8-11eb-962b-78c1d8228819'story.html~~ Justin AND Cohen, senior fellow at the University of California at Berkeley Law School. China is actively seeking out CRISPR tech to facilitate battlefield enhancements- the aff gives it awayKania and VornDick 19 Elsa Kania and Wilson VornDick (Elsa Kania is an Adjunct Senior Fellow with the Technology and National Security Program at the Center for a New American Security. Wilson VornDick consults on national security, emerging technologies, and China for Duco and Rane. )10-8-2019, "China’s Military Biotech Frontier: CRISPR, Military-Civil Fusion, and the New Revolution in Military Affairs," Jamestown, https://jamestown.org/program/chinas-military-biotech-frontier-crispr-military-civil-fusion-and-the-new-revolution-in-military-affairs/SJKS AND ~23~ Going forward, these trends will merit continued analytic attention. Gains are directly converted to military prowess – unravels the liberal orderKuo 17 ~Mercy A; Executive Vice President at Pamir Consulting; "The Great US-China Biotechnology and Artificial Intelligence Race," The Diplomat; 8/23/17; https://thediplomat.com/2017/08/the-great-us-china-biotechnology-and-artificial-intelligence-race/~~ TDI Re-Cut Justin AND are tailored to overcome the immune system or the microbiome of specific populations. That causes extinction through GPWYulis 17 ~Max; Major in PoliSci, Penn Political Review; "In Defense of Liberal Internationalism," Penn Political Review; 4/8/17; http://pennpoliticalreview.org/2017/04/in-defense-of-liberal-internationalism/~~ Re-Cut Justin AND limelight to advocate the virtues of peace, stability, and human rights. | 9/5/21 |
SO- Fishing Subsidies DATournament: Loyola | Round: Doubles | Opponent: Harrison AA | Judge: Panel 2WTO consensus on fishing subsidies likely now but requires negotiations- consensus is key to solving overfishing- the brink is now.Koop 21 ~Fermin; Argentine journalist specializing in the environment with experience across diverse publications; "WTO Inches Towards a Deal to End Harmful Fishing Subsidies," Maritime-Executive; 7/30/21; https://www.maritime-executive.com/editorials/wto-inches-towards-a-deal-to-end-harmful-fishing-subsidies~~ Justin AND ,?UN special envoy for the ocean, said in a recent webinar. Negotiations on IPR require tradeoffs- empirics prove.DC = DEVELOPING COUNTRY AND Acts Embodying the Results of the Uruguay Round of Multilateral Trade Negotiations’.11 That collapses biodiversity.Osmanski 20 ~Stephanie; Freelance Journaler, Writer at GreenMatters; "How Does Overfishing Affect Biodiversity? Let's Do a Deep Dive," GreenMatters; 12/29/20; https://www.greenmatters.com/p/how-overfishing-affects-biodiversity~~ Justin AND . TBH, might be best to go fish-free. instead. Biodiversity loss causes extinction.Torres 19 ~Phil; Affiliate Scholar at the Institute for Ethics and Emerging Technologies, Founder of the X-Risks Institute, Writer Appearing in Skeptic, Free Inquiry, Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, Salon, Truthout, Erkenntnis, Metaphilosophy; "Biodiversity Loss: An Existential Risk Comparable To Climate Change," Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists; 4/11/16; https://thebulletin.org/2016/04/biodiversity-loss-an-existential-risk-comparable-to-climate-change/~~ Justin AND as one of the most significant contemporary risks to human prosperity and survival. The impact is two pronged- subsidies drive climate change at an unprecedented rate, undermine food security and livelihoods- killing and displacing millions.Bladon 20 Annabelle Bladon (researcher in IIED’s Shaping Sustainable Markets research group), 1/15/2020, Scrap devastating fishing subsidies to help save the ocean and climate, The International Institute for Environment and Development. https://www.iied.org/scrap-devastating-fishing-subsidies-help-save-ocean-climate SJKS AND is critical that he does not delay further – the ocean cannot wait. | 9/8/21 |
SO- Fishing Subsidies DA v2Tournament: St Marks | Round: 5 | Opponent: Harker AS | Judge: Krauss, Gordon 4WTO NEGOTIATIONS ON FISHERY SUBSIDIES ARE REACHING CONSENSUS BUT DIVISION RISKS DERAILING TALKSGodrey 9-24 Mark Godfrey (Contributing Editor, Irish journalist covering the agriculture and fisheries sectors in Asia, with a focus on China. Proficient in Mandarin, he has frequently traveled across China's fisheries and aquaculture regions and learned the inner workings of China's corporate world during a nearly three-year stint at the Financial Times' "China Confidential" publication. He has also reported widely across Southeast Asia and the former Soviet Union. He has educational certificates in agriculture and food science, as well as Mandarin) 9/24/21, Renewed WTO talks on subsidies zero in on overcapacity, overfishing, https://www.seafoodsource.com/news/environment-sustainability/renewed-wto-talks-on-subsidies-zero-in-on-overcapacity-overfishing AND he told SeafoodSource. "I don’t think we should give up now." Negotiations on IPR require tradeoffs- empirics prove.DC = DEVELOPING COUNTRY AND Acts Embodying the Results of the Uruguay Round of Multilateral Trade Negotiations’.11 That collapses biodiversity.Osmanski 20 ~Stephanie; Freelance Journaler, Writer at GreenMatters; "How Does Overfishing Affect Biodiversity? Let's Do a Deep Dive," GreenMatters; 12/29/20; https://www.greenmatters.com/p/how-overfishing-affects-biodiversity~~ Justin AND . TBH, might be best to go fish-free. instead. Biodiversity loss causes extinction.Torres 19 ~Phil; Affiliate Scholar at the Institute for Ethics and Emerging Technologies, Founder of the X-Risks Institute, Writer Appearing in Skeptic, Free Inquiry, Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, Salon, Truthout, Erkenntnis, Metaphilosophy; "Biodiversity Loss: An Existential Risk Comparable To Climate Change," Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists; 4/11/16; https://thebulletin.org/2016/04/biodiversity-loss-an-existential-risk-comparable-to-climate-change/~~ Justin AND as one of the most significant contemporary risks to human prosperity and survival. | 10/17/21 |
SO- Infrastructure Politics DATournament: Grapevine | Round: Octas | Opponent: Plano East JN | Judge: Panel 4Infrastructure is passing now and is at the top of Bidens agenda—-Biden has enough PC but continuation is critical.Nomikos 9/1 ~William; 9/1/21; Assistant professor of political science at Washington University in St. Louis and director of the Data-driven Analysis of Peace Project; "Everyone has an opinion on Afghanistan — Do voters care?" The Hill, https://thehill.com/blogs/congress-blog/politics/570422-everyone-has-an-opinion-on-afghanistan-do-voters-care~~ Justin AND the best chance for retaining control of Congress in the 2022 midterm elections. Aff doesn’t solve but requires negotiations that saps PC.Pooley 21 ~James; Former deputy director general of the United Nations’ World Intellectual Property Organization and a member of the Center for Intellectual Property Understanding; "Drawn-Out Negotiations Over Covid IP Will Blow Back on Biden," Barron’s; 5/26/21; https://www.barrons.com/articles/drawn-out-negotiations-over-covid-ip-will-blow-back-on-biden-51621973675~~ Justin AND helping export our surplus vaccine doses and vaccine ingredients to countries in need. That solves existential climate change.Castillo 21 ~Rhyma; 8/16/21; News and politics writer at Elite Daily, where she's passionate about advocating for underserved communities throughout the United States. She’s covered issues in politics, immigration, environmental racism, climate change, gun violence, and more. After graduating with an English degree from Texas AandM Unversity, Rhyma has worked as a technical writer and test author at Educational Testing Service (ETS), a copywriter for Mightier Content, and as a Creative Operations Specialist at GoDaddy. She also has bylines as a freelancer at the San Antonio Current, where her reporting on local news, politics, tech, and entertainment has been widely circulated; "Experts Explain What You Can Do About Climate Change After That Scary IPCC Report," Elite Daily, https://www.elitedaily.com/news/what-you-can-do-climate-change-after-ipcc-report~~ Justin AND , ~and~ those investments take a while to come to fruition." | 9/12/21 |
SO- Infrastructure Politics DA v2Tournament: Greenhill | Round: 6 | Opponent: Immaculate Heart BC | Judge: McLoughlin, Sam Bipartisan infrastructure bill passing now but PC is needed – there is no margin for error.Kapur et al 9/8 ~Sahil, Frank Thorp, and Leigh Ann Caldwell; 9/8/21; Sahil Kapur is a national political reporter for NBC News, Frank Thorp V is a producer and off-air reporter covering Congress for NBC News, managing coverage of the Senate, Leigh Ann Caldwell is an NBC News correspondent; "Democrats plow 'full speed ahead' on sweeping Biden budget, despite tensions," https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/congress/democrats-plow-full-speed-ahead-sweeping-biden-budget-despite-tensions-n1278722~~ Justin AND them could basically make a few cosmetic changes and throw in the towel." Aff doesn’t solve but requires negotiations that saps PC.Pooley 21 ~James; Former deputy director general of the United Nations’ World Intellectual Property Organization and a member of the Center for Intellectual Property Understanding; "Drawn-Out Negotiations Over Covid IP Will Blow Back on Biden," Barron’s; 5/26/21; https://www.barrons.com/articles/drawn-out-negotiations-over-covid-ip-will-blow-back-on-biden-51621973675~~ Justin AND helping export our surplus vaccine doses and vaccine ingredients to countries in need. Infrastructure secures the grid against worsening and increasing cyberattacks.Carney 21 ~Chris; 8/6/21; Senior policy advisor at Nossaman LLC, former US Representative, former professor of political science at Penn State University; "The US Senate Infrastructure Bill: Securing Our Electrical Grid Through P3s and Grants," JDSupra, https://www.jdsupra.com/legalnews/the-us-senate-infrastructure-bill-4989100/~~ Justin AND partnerships and grants, the nation can quickly secure its infrastructure from cyberattacks. Cyberattacks on the grid spiral to all-out nuclear conflict.Klare 19 ~Michael; November 2019; Professor emeritus of peace and world security studies at Hampshire College; "Cyber Battles, Nuclear Outcomes? Dangerous New Pathways to Escalation," Arms Control Association, https://www.armscontrol.org/act/2019-11/features/cyber-battles-nuclear-outcomes-dangerous-new-pathways-escalation~~ Justin AND such attacks "could lead to major conflict and possibly nuclear war."14 | 9/19/21 |
SO- Innovation DATournament: Loyola | Round: 2 | Opponent: Eden Prairie AG | Judge: Sinha, Abhinav 5Pharma innovation high now – monetary incentive is the biggest factor.Swagel 21 Phillip L. Swagel, Director of the Congressional budget office 4-xx-2021, "Research and Development in the Pharmaceutical Industry," Congressional Budget Office, https://www.cbo.goc/publication/57126~~#'idTextAnchor020 SJDA AND drugs), and conducting postapproval testing for safety-monitoring or marketing purposes. The aff crushes innovation in the pharma sector—-incentivizes them to focus on non-important issues.Glassman 21 ~Amanda; 5/6/21; Executive vice president and a senior fellow at the Center for Global Development, a nonpartisan, nonprofit think tank in Washington and London; "Big Pharma Is Not the Tobacco Industry," Barron, https://www.barrons.com/articles/big-pharma-is-not-the-tobacco-industry-51620315693~~ Justin AND by ponying up cash to vaccinate the entire world. No confiscation necessary. Pharma Innovation prevents Extinction – checks new diseases.Engelhardt 8, H. Tristram. Innovation and the pharmaceutical industry: critical reflections on the virtues of profit. M and M Scrivener Press, 2008 (doctorate in philosophy (University of Texas at Austin), M.D. (Tulane University), professor of philosophy (Rice University), and professor emeritus at Baylor College of Medicine) AND profit in medicine and especially in the pharmaceutical and medical-device industries. Pharma spills-over – has cascading global impacts that are necessary for human survival.NAS 8 National Academy of Sciences 12-3-2008 "The Role of the Life Sciences in Transforming America's Future Summary of a Workshop" Re-cut by Elmer AND biological processes at work in the oceans can humans live sustainably on earth. | 12/4/21 |
SO- Innovation DA vs BiocolonialismTournament: Valley Round Robin | Round: 2 | Opponent: Sequoia AS | Judge: Panel Pharma innovation high now – monetary incentive is the biggest factor. AND drugs), and conducting postapproval testing for safety-monitoring or marketing purposes. The most efficacious mainstream drugs come from Indigenous Knowledge – empirics are on our side. AND are often moved and maintained as cultivated or wild/cultivated medical resources. Chinese Tribal Medicine proves Compatibility and our Innovation Links. AND advance other areas of innovative TK may do well to follow China's example. Pharma Innovation prevents Extinction – checks new diseases. AND profit in medicine and especially in the pharmaceutical and medical-device industries. Pharma spills-over – has cascading global impacts that are necessary for human survival. AND biological processes at work in the oceans can humans live sustainably on earth. Extinction outweighs AND with the benefit of keeping one’s options open while one gains new information. | 9/24/21 |
SO- Liquidity DATournament: Valley | Round: Doubles | Opponent: Princeton DR | Judge: Panel 3Liquidity stays robust in 2021 despite challenges – status-quo ensures declines are controlled.Lokeshwarri 21 ~SK; Chief of Research Bureau; "3 reasons why market liquidity will stay robust in 2021," BusinessLine; 1/3/21; https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/data-stories/deep-dive/3-reasons-why-market-liquidity-will-stay-robust-in-2021/article33487346.ece~~ Justin AND some extent, though it won’t have a material affect on investing behaviour. The plan collapses market liquidity – our evidence is super recent and really good.DiD- Difference in Difference AND . These results again support the parallel trends assumption of our DiD models. Statistics prove liquidity is key to long-term growth.Abdul-Khaliq 13 ~Shatha; Assistant Professor, AlBlqa Applied University, Jordan; "The Impact of Stock Market Liquidity on Economic Growth in Jordan," European Journal of Business and Management www.iiste.org; 2013; https://iiste.org/Journals/index.php/EJBM/article/viewFile/9456/9661~~#:~~:text=Focusing20on20liquidity2C20Bencivenga2C20et,key20role20in20economic20growth.andtext=By20facilitating20longer20term2C20more,for20long20term20economic20growth.~ Justin AND to penetrate the domestic economies, and thus help to increase economic growth. Growth solves extinction.Aschenbrenner 20 ~Leopold Aschenbrenner; Student in economics at Columbia University and research affiliate at the University of Oxford’s Global Priorities Institute; "Securing posterity," Works in Progress; 10/19/20; https://worksinprogress.co/issue/securing-posterity/~~ julian Re-Cut Justin AND elevated level of risk, meaning an eventual existential catastrophe would be inevitable. | 9/27/21 |
SO- Loans CPTournament: Grapevine | Round: 1 | Opponent: Westlake NB | Judge: Voudris, Stephan Loans CPCP text: The member nations of the WTO should:—-Loan an additional 4 billion dollars of additional funding to close the pre-purchase gap of 350 million vaccines to achieve world-wide immunity—-The World Bank should relax the conditions to receive a loan as per Goldberg 21—-Eliminate export restriction on critical medicines during pandemics.The CP solves pandemics better – the aff misidentifies the problem.Goldberg 20 ~PINELOPI KOUJIANOU; Former World Bank Group chief economist and editor-in-chief of the American Economic Review, Professor of Economics at Yale University; "Forget the Vaccine Patent Waiver," Project Syndicate; 5/13/21; https://www.project-syndicate.org/commentary/wto-vaccine-waiver-is-beside-the-point-by-pinelopi-koujianou-goldberg-2021-05~~ Justin AND funneling surpluses from high-income countries to the rest of the world. | 9/10/21 |
SO- Restrictions CPTournament: Grapevine | Round: Octas | Opponent: Plano East JN | Judge: Panel 3CP text: The member nations of the world trade organization should add more stringent requirements for filing secondary patents by requiring secondary patent filers to demonstrate increased efficacy as compared to the original. Solves all your offense by reducing purely strategic patents while permitting R and D for genuine improvements.Newsome 17, A ~(JD candidate George Washington School of Law). (2017). Side effects of evergreening may include decreased competition and increased prices in the pharmaceutical industry. AIPLA Quarterly Journal, 45(4), 791-822~ Justin AND could potentially conflict with the United States' TRIPS Agreement obligations with the WTO. Solves best.Newsome 17, A ~(JD candidate George Washington School of Law). (2017). Side effects of evergreening may include decreased competition and increased prices in the pharmaceutical industry. AIPLA Quarterly Journal, 45(4), 791-822~ Justin AND companies to enter the marketplace sooner and drive prices down through competition. 5z | 9/12/21 |
SO- Science Diplomacy CPTournament: Valley Round Robin | Round: 2 | Opponent: Sequoia AS | Judge: Panel Text: A nation appointed international panel of scientists including National Academies and corresponding organizations should ~reduce intellectual property protections by non-Indigenous groups for medicines derived from indigenous knowledge~ and manage similar conflicts of interest between intellectual property. International panel of science diplomats can rule over IP—-that’s key to science diplomacy. AND or funding agency panelists for the advancement of science toward the greater good. Solves every existential threat. AND can to foster collaboration. The future of human civilization depends on it. 2 Text: A nation appointed international panel of scientists including National Academies and corresponding organizations should ~reduce intellectual property protections by non-Indigenous groups for medicines derived from indigenous knowledge~ and manage similar conflicts of interest between intellectual property. International panel of science diplomats can rule over IP—-that’s key to science diplomacy. AND or funding agency panelists for the advancement of science toward the greater good. Solves every existential threat. AND can to foster collaboration. The future of human civilization depends on it. 2 Text: A nation appointed international panel of scientists including National Academies and corresponding organizations should ~reduce intellectual property protections by non-Indigenous groups for medicines derived from indigenous knowledge~ and manage similar conflicts of interest between intellectual property. International panel of science diplomats can rule over IP—-that’s key to science diplomacy. AND or funding agency panelists for the advancement of science toward the greater good. Solves every existential threat. AND can to foster collaboration. The future of human civilization depends on it. | 9/24/21 |
SO- Trademark PIC vs DiabetesTournament: Loyola | Round: Doubles | Opponent: Harrison AA | Judge: Panel 3CP Text: Member States of the WTO ought to reduce intellectual property predictions for diabetes medicines except trademarksThat solves the aff, their offense only deals with patents which drive up prices and undermine competition. Yes it’s competitive- WTO TRIPS agreement requires trademark protectionBuckley 13 Buckley, Gillian J. (The National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine | IOM · Institute of Medicine (IOM), and Lawrence O. Gostin, eds. "Countering the problem of falsified and substandard drugs." (2013)./SJKS AND public health" (Brant and Malpani, 2011, p. 23). Trademarks are the best IP to combat counterfeiting- enforcement and remedies are much better than patents aloneKonski 8 Antoinette Konski (Partner, Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Practice Foley and Lardner LLP), IP Strategies to Combat Distribution of Counterfeit Drugs, BIOPROCESS INT’L, 1, 4 (2008)/SJKS AND available in patent lawsuits and can lead to swift resolution of the action. TENS OF THOUSANDS DIE EACH YEAR AS THE RESULT OF FAKE DRUGSMagdun 21 Melanie Magdun (JD candidate, Indiana University of Law), Trademark Enforcement of Counterfeit Drugs: A Guardian of the Rich and Poor Alike, 9 Ind. J.L. and Soc. Equality 281 (2021)./SJKS AND popular for pharmaceutical companies, it will begin to attract additional counterfeiters.1 And online access exacerbates the counterfeit diabetes medicinesFincham 21 Fincham, Jack E. "Negative Consequences of the Widespread and Inappropriate Easy Access to Purchasing Prescription Medications on the Internet." American health and drug benefitsvol. 14,1 (2021): 22-28./SJKS AND injectable diabetes medications, and blood glucose test strips and measuring devices.27 Plan supercharges the impact- not every counterfeit drug is harmful and some are ineffective, but ineffective diabetes medicines kill. | 9/8/21 |
Open Source
| Filename | Date | Uploaded By | Delete |
|---|---|---|---|
10/30/21 | kashah23@mailstrakejesuitorg |
| |
10/30/21 | kashah23@mailstrakejesuitorg |
| |
10/30/21 | kashah23@mailstrakejesuitorg |
| |
11/20/21 | kashah23@mailstrakejesuitorg |
| |
1/13/22 | kashah23@mailstrakejesuitorg |
| |
1/13/22 | kashah23@mailstrakejesuitorg |
| |
1/13/22 | kashah23@mailstrakejesuitorg |
| |
1/28/22 | kashah23@mailstrakejesuitorg |
| |
1/28/22 | kashah23@mailstrakejesuitorg |
| |
1/29/22 | kashah23@mailstrakejesuitorg |
| |
1/30/22 | kashah23@mailstrakejesuitorg |
| |
11/20/21 | kashah23@mailstrakejesuitorg |
| |
11/21/21 | kashah23@mailstrakejesuitorg |
| |
11/21/21 | kashah23@mailstrakejesuitorg |
| |
9/10/21 | kashah23@mailstrakejesuitorg |
| |
9/11/21 | kashah23@mailstrakejesuitorg |
| |
9/11/21 | kashah23@mailstrakejesuitorg |
| |
9/12/21 | kashah23@mailstrakejesuitorg |
| |
9/18/21 | kashah23@mailstrakejesuitorg |
| |
9/19/21 | kashah23@mailstrakejesuitorg |
| |
9/19/21 | kashah23@mailstrakejesuitorg |
| |
2/20/22 | kashah23@mailstrakejesuitorg |
| |
2/20/22 | kashah23@mailstrakejesuitorg |
| |
2/20/22 | kashah23@mailstrakejesuitorg |
| |
2/21/22 | kashah23@mailstrakejesuitorg |
| |
2/21/22 | kashah23@mailstrakejesuitorg |
| |
2/21/22 | kashah23@mailstrakejesuitorg |
| |
1/15/22 | kashah23@mailstrakejesuitorg |
| |
1/16/22 | kashah23@mailstrakejesuitorg |
| |
1/16/22 | kashah23@mailstrakejesuitorg |
| |
1/28/22 | kashah23@mailstrakejesuitorg |
| |
12/4/21 | kashah23@mailstrakejesuitorg |
| |
12/4/21 | kashah23@mailstrakejesuitorg |
| |
12/5/21 | kashah23@mailstrakejesuitorg |
| |
4/23/22 | kashah23@mailstrakejesuitorg |
| |
4/23/22 | kashah23@mailstrakejesuitorg |
| |
9/5/21 | kashah23@mailstrakejesuitorg |
| |
9/8/21 | kashah23@mailstrakejesuitorg |
| |
9/25/21 | kashah23@mailstrakejesuitorg |
| |
12/4/21 | kashah23@mailstrakejesuitorg |
| |
4/9/22 | kashah23@mailstrakejesuitorg |
| |
4/11/22 | kashah23@mailstrakejesuitorg |
| |
4/11/22 | kashah23@mailstrakejesuitorg |
| |
10/16/21 | kashah23@mailstrakejesuitorg |
| |
10/17/21 | kashah23@mailstrakejesuitorg |
| |
10/17/21 | kashah23@mailstrakejesuitorg |
| |
3/10/22 | kashah23@mailstrakejesuitorg |
| |
3/11/22 | kashah23@mailstrakejesuitorg |
| |
3/12/22 | kashah23@mailstrakejesuitorg |
| |
4/24/22 | kashah23@mailstrakejesuitorg |
| |
4/24/22 | kashah23@mailstrakejesuitorg |
| |
2/6/22 | kashah23@mailstrakejesuitorg |
| |
2/6/22 | kashah23@mailstrakejesuitorg |
| |
2/6/22 | kashah23@mailstrakejesuitorg |
| |
9/25/21 | kashah23@mailstrakejesuitorg |
| |
9/26/21 | kashah23@mailstrakejesuitorg |
| |
9/27/21 | kashah23@mailstrakejesuitorg |
| |
10/16/21 | kashah23@mailstrakejesuitorg |
| |
9/24/21 | kashah23@mailstrakejesuitorg |
| |
9/25/21 | vachen22@mailstrakejesuitorg |
| |
9/25/21 | kashah23@mailstrakejesuitorg |
| |
9/24/21 | kashah23@mailstrakejesuitorg |
| |
1/13/22 | kashah23@mailstrakejesuitorg |
| |
1/14/22 | kashah23@mailstrakejesuitorg |
| |
1/14/22 | kashah23@mailstrakejesuitorg |
|