Strake Jesuit Mankidy Aff
| Tournament | Round | Opponent | Judge | Cites | Round Report | Open Source | Edit/Delete |
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| Blue Key | 2 | Scarsdale BS | Rohit Lakshman |
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| Blue Key | 4 | Scarsdale OL | Jeong-Wan Choi |
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| Blue Key | 6 | Park City NL | Abhilash Datti |
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| Blue Key | Quarters | Lexington AT | Amadea Datel, Rohith Sudhakar, Meera Sehgal |
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| Glenbrooks | 1 | Harker KB | Jared Croitoru |
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| Glenbrooks | 6 | Plano West VV | Austin Broussard |
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| Glenbrooks | 3 | New Trier RK | Jeong-Wan Choi |
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| NSD | 2 | TraRob AA | Lauren Gilbert |
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| NSD | 4 | GedSie HZ | Becca Traber |
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| NSD | 5 | WesErd SR | Sarai Pridgen |
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| TFA State | 2 | Horizon DH | Vishal Sivamani |
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| TFA State | 4 | Flower Mound ST | Brandon Molina |
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| TFA State | 6 | Plano East NG | Holden Bukowsky |
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| UH | 1 | Woodlands SV | Demarcus Powell |
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| UH | 4 | Greenhill EN | Dylan Jones |
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| UT | 1 | Coppell VK | Holden Bukowsky |
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| UT | 3 | American Heritage Plantation SS | Alex Yoakum |
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| UT | 5 | Denton Guyer SB | Austin Broussard |
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| Winston Churchill | 1 | Claudia Taylor Johnson AP | Phoenix Pittman |
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| Winston Churchill | 3 | Midlothian AC | River Cook |
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| Winston Churchill | 5 | McNeil AR | Davina Le |
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| Yale | 2 | Milton AT | Tajaih Robinson |
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| Yale | 3 | West Des Moines Valley JS | Ananya Natchukuri |
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| Yale | 5 | Stuyvesant MZ | Zac Davis |
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| any | 1 | any | any |
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| any | 1 | any | any |
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| Tournament | Round | Report |
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| Blue Key | 2 | Opponent: Scarsdale BS | Judge: Rohit Lakshman 1AC - Stock |
| Blue Key | 4 | Opponent: Scarsdale OL | Judge: Jeong-Wan Choi 1AC - Stock v2 |
| Blue Key | 6 | Opponent: Park City NL | Judge: Abhilash Datti 1AC - Stock v2 |
| Blue Key | Quarters | Opponent: Lexington AT | Judge: Amadea Datel, Rohith Sudhakar, Meera Sehgal 1AC - Courts |
| Glenbrooks | 1 | Opponent: Harker KB | Judge: Jared Croitoru 1AC - Courts |
| Glenbrooks | 6 | Opponent: Plano West VV | Judge: Austin Broussard 1AC - Korsgaard |
| Glenbrooks | 3 | Opponent: New Trier RK | Judge: Jeong-Wan Choi 1AC - Korsgaard |
| NSD | 2 | Opponent: TraRob AA | Judge: Lauren Gilbert 1AC - Korsgaard |
| NSD | 4 | Opponent: GedSie HZ | Judge: Becca Traber 1AC - Stock - AFC |
| NSD | 5 | Opponent: WesErd SR | Judge: Sarai Pridgen 1AC - Stock |
| TFA State | 2 | Opponent: Horizon DH | Judge: Vishal Sivamani 1AC - Poland |
| TFA State | 4 | Opponent: Flower Mound ST | Judge: Brandon Molina 1AC - Poland |
| TFA State | 6 | Opponent: Plano East NG | Judge: Holden Bukowsky 1AC - Polish Korsgaardian |
| UH | 1 | Opponent: Woodlands SV | Judge: Demarcus Powell 1AC - Stock |
| UH | 4 | Opponent: Greenhill EN | Judge: Dylan Jones 1AC - Korsgaard |
| UT | 1 | Opponent: Coppell VK | Judge: Holden Bukowsky 1AC - Korsgaard |
| UT | 3 | Opponent: American Heritage Plantation SS | Judge: Alex Yoakum 1AC - Stock v3 |
| UT | 5 | Opponent: Denton Guyer SB | Judge: Austin Broussard 1AC - Stock v3 |
| Winston Churchill | 1 | Opponent: Claudia Taylor Johnson AP | Judge: Phoenix Pittman 1AC - Debris - Disclosure |
| Winston Churchill | 3 | Opponent: Midlothian AC | Judge: River Cook 1AC - Debris |
| Winston Churchill | 5 | Opponent: McNeil AR | Judge: Davina Le 1AC - Debris v2 |
| Yale | 2 | Opponent: Milton AT | Judge: Tajaih Robinson 1AC - Korsgaard |
| Yale | 3 | Opponent: West Des Moines Valley JS | Judge: Ananya Natchukuri 1AC - Vaccine Diplomacy |
| Yale | 5 | Opponent: Stuyvesant MZ | Judge: Zac Davis 1AC - Vaccine Diplomacy |
| any | 1 | Opponent: any | Judge: any 0 |
| any | 1 | Opponent: any | Judge: any 0 |
To modify or delete round reports, edit the associated round.
Cites
| Entry | Date |
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0 - ContactTournament: any | Round: 1 | Opponent: any | Judge: any I am happy to accommodate any requests you have before the round, just let me know beforehand if it isn't on your Wiki. I will usually try to put content warnings for any positions I find deserving. | 10/23/21 |
0 - NavigationTournament: any | Round: 1 | Opponent: any | Judge: any | 10/23/21 |
1 - Theory InterpsTournament: any | Round: 1 | Opponent: any | Judge: any Interpretation: If debaters disclose full text, they must not post the full text of the cards in the cite box, but must upload an open source document with the full text of their cards. To clarify, you don’t have to disclose highlighting or underlining, you just need an open source document with minimally the full, un-underlined text of cards. Interpretation: At all TOC bid-distributing tournaments, debaters must disclose all constructive positions on open source with highlighting on the 2020-21 NDCA LD wiki after the round in which they read them. Interpretation: At all TOC bid-distributing tournaments, debaters must disclose round reports on the 2021-22 NDCA LD wiki for every round they have debated this season. Round reports disclose which positions (AC, NC, K, T, Theory, etc.) were read/gone for in every speech. Interpretation: At all TOC bid-distributing tournaments, debaters must disclose all constructive positions in cite boxes on the 2021-22 NDCA LD wiki. To clarify, they can’t say check open source. 1AR Theory: Conditionality’s a voting issue. Not speccing status is a voting issue. Condo PICS are a voting issue. PICs against are a voting issue. | 1/16/22 |
3 - JANFEB - AC - DebrisTournament: Winston Churchill | Round: 1 | Opponent: Claudia Taylor Johnson AP | Judge: Phoenix Pittman AdvantageThe advantage is Debris:Privatization of space is unsustainable and increases debris – triggers the Kessler SyndromeThompson 21 ~Clive, 11/17/21, Clive Thompson is a contributing writer for the New York Times Magazine, a columnist for Wired and Smithsonian magazines, and a regular contributor to Mother Jones. He’s the author of Coders: The Making of a New Tribe and the Remaking of the World, and Smarter Than You Think: How Technology is Changing our Minds for the Better. He’s @pomeranian99 on Twitter and Instagram, "Get Ready for the "Kessler Syndrome" to Wreck Outer Space," OneZero, https://onezero.medium.com/get-ready-for-the-kessler-syndrome-to-wreck-outer-space-7f29cfe62c3e~~ Justin AND orbit but unintentional ones — bits of rocket parts and detritus from launches. Privatization exponentially increases the curve but ending dangerous missions prevents it.Bernat 20 ~Pawel, 2020, Military University of Aviation, "ORBITAL SATELLITE CONSTELLATIONS AND THE GROWING THREAT OF KESSLER SYNDROME IN THE LOWER EARTH ORBIT," SAFETY ENGINEERING OF ANTHROPOGENIC OBJECTS, Volume 4, PDF~ Justin AND the global level, apart from first-come, first-served. Debris triggers miscalculated war.Peter Dockrill 16. Award-winning science and technology journalist. "Space Junk Accidents Could Trigger Armed Conflict, Study Finds." https://www.sciencealert.com/space-junk-accidents-could-trigger-armed-conflict-expert-warns. AND adversaries. "This is a politically dangerous dilemma," the authors write. ====Goes nuclear.==== AND would be significantly reduced (loss of military logistics and intelligence gathering satellites). Convergence of factors guarantee space escalation.Thomas González Roberts 17. A space security researcher at the Center for Strategic and International Studies, and host of Moonstruck, a podcast about humans in space. "Why We Should Be Worried about a War in Space ," 12-15-2017. Atlantic, https://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2017/12/why-we-should-be-worried-about-a-war-in-space/548507/ AND to align, and agree on norms of behavior. They need rules. Any nuclear war causes extinction – ice age and famine.Steven Starr 15 ~Director of the University of Missouri’s Clinical Laboratory Science Program, as well as a senior scientist at the Physicians for Social Responsibility. He has worked with the Swiss, Chilean, and Swedish governments in support of their efforts at the United Nations to eliminate thousands of high-alert, launch-ready U.S. and Russian nuclear weapons. "Nuclear War: An Unrecognized Mass Extinction Event Waiting To Happen." Ratical. March 2015. https://ratical.org/radiation/NuclearExtinction/StevenStarr022815.html~~ TG AND the operational and deployed nuclear arsenals, will leave the Earth essentially uninhabitable. AdvocacyThus I affirm, Resolved: The appropriation of outer space by private entities is unjust.Revising the Outer Space Treaty curbs the impact of space debris – timeframe is crucial.Shah 20 – Sachin, 8/30/20, ~"Aug 30 The International Legal Regulation of Space Debris," CORNELL UNDERGRADUATE LAW and SOCIETY REVIEW, Administrative, Policy, Technology, https://www.culsr.org/articles/the-international-legal-regulation-of-space-debris~~ Justin AND action can accomplish these goals, but lack thereof may result in disaster. Private entities are non-governmental.Dunk 11 – Frans G. von der Dunk, 2011, ~"The Origins of Authorisation: Article VI of the Outer Space Treaty and International Space Law," University of Nebraska~ Justin AND . Partly, this was the consequence of key principles being left undefined. Exemptions destroy the coercive power of legal regimes – causes circumvention across the board.Hickman and Dolman 2 – John and Everett, 2002, Associate professor in the Department of Government and International Studies at Berry College in Mt. Berry, ~"Resurrecting the Space Age: A State–Centered Commentary on the Outer Space Regime," Volume 21 Number 1, https://doi.org/10.1080/014959302317350855~~ Elmer Recut Justin AND rushes to stake claims for territory sovereignty in other celestial bodies might follow. | 1/7/22 |
3 - JANFEB - AC - Debris v2Tournament: Winston Churchill | Round: 3 | Opponent: Midlothian AC | Judge: River Cook AdvantageThe advantage is Debris:Privatization of space is unsustainable and increases debris – triggers the Kessler SyndromeThompson 21 ~Clive, 11/17/21, Clive Thompson is a contributing writer for the New York Times Magazine, a columnist for Wired and Smithsonian magazines, and a regular contributor to Mother Jones. He’s the author of Coders: The Making of a New Tribe and the Remaking of the World, and Smarter Than You Think: How Technology is Changing our Minds for the Better. He’s @pomeranian99 on Twitter and Instagram, "Get Ready for the "Kessler Syndrome" to Wreck Outer Space," OneZero, https://onezero.medium.com/get-ready-for-the-kessler-syndrome-to-wreck-outer-space-7f29cfe62c3e~~ Justin AND orbit but unintentional ones — bits of rocket parts and detritus from launches. Privatization exponentially increases the curve but ending dangerous missions prevents it.Bernat 20 ~Pawel, 2020, Military University of Aviation, "ORBITAL SATELLITE CONSTELLATIONS AND THE GROWING THREAT OF KESSLER SYNDROME IN THE LOWER EARTH ORBIT," SAFETY ENGINEERING OF ANTHROPOGENIC OBJECTS, Volume 4, PDF~ Justin AND the global level, apart from first-come, first-served. Debris triggers miscalculated war.Peter Dockrill 16. Award-winning science and technology journalist. "Space Junk Accidents Could Trigger Armed Conflict, Study Finds." https://www.sciencealert.com/space-junk-accidents-could-trigger-armed-conflict-expert-warns. AND adversaries. "This is a politically dangerous dilemma," the authors write. ====Goes nuclear.==== AND would be significantly reduced (loss of military logistics and intelligence gathering satellites). Convergence of factors guarantee space escalation.Thomas González Roberts 17. A space security researcher at the Center for Strategic and International Studies, and host of Moonstruck, a podcast about humans in space. "Why We Should Be Worried about a War in Space ," 12-15-2017. Atlantic, https://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2017/12/why-we-should-be-worried-about-a-war-in-space/548507/ AND to align, and agree on norms of behavior. They need rules. Any nuclear war causes extinction – ice age and famine.Steven Starr 15 ~Director of the University of Missouri’s Clinical Laboratory Science Program, as well as a senior scientist at the Physicians for Social Responsibility. He has worked with the Swiss, Chilean, and Swedish governments in support of their efforts at the United Nations to eliminate thousands of high-alert, launch-ready U.S. and Russian nuclear weapons. "Nuclear War: An Unrecognized Mass Extinction Event Waiting To Happen." Ratical. March 2015. https://ratical.org/radiation/NuclearExtinction/StevenStarr022815.html~~ TG AND the operational and deployed nuclear arsenals, will leave the Earth essentially uninhabitable. AdvocacyThus I affirm, Resolved: The appropriation of outer space by private entities is unjust.Revising the Outer Space Treaty curbs the impact of space debris – timeframe is crucial.Shah 20 – Sachin, 8/30/20, ~"Aug 30 The International Legal Regulation of Space Debris," CORNELL UNDERGRADUATE LAW and SOCIETY REVIEW, Administrative, Policy, Technology, https://www.culsr.org/articles/the-international-legal-regulation-of-space-debris~~ Justin AND action can accomplish these goals, but lack thereof may result in disaster. Private entities are non-governmental.Dunk 11 – Frans G. von der Dunk, 2011, ~"The Origins of Authorisation: Article VI of the Outer Space Treaty and International Space Law," University of Nebraska~ Justin AND . Partly, this was the consequence of key principles being left undefined. Exemptions destroy the coercive power of legal regimes – causes circumvention across the board.Hickman and Dolman 2 – John and Everett, 2002, Associate professor in the Department of Government and International Studies at Berry College in Mt. Berry, ~"Resurrecting the Space Age: A State–Centered Commentary on the Outer Space Regime," Volume 21 Number 1, https://doi.org/10.1080/014959302317350855~~ Elmer Recut Justin AND rushes to stake claims for territory sovereignty in other celestial bodies might follow. Space appropriation is a re-entrenchment of settler colonialism built on the lens of ‘conservation’ representing yet another ‘unknown’ to be conquered.Smiles 20~ Deondre Smiles is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Geography at the University of Victoria, in B.C., Canada. Society Space October 26, 2020, SETTLER COLONIAL AND INDIGENOUS GEOGRAPHIES "The Settler Logics of (Outer) Space"~ aaditg AND space? What can be done to push back against these settler logics? | 1/8/22 |
3 - JANFEB - AC - KorsgaardTournament: UH | Round: 4 | Opponent: Greenhill EN | Judge: Dylan Jones FrameworkEthics must begin a priori and the meta-ethic is bindingness.~A~ Uncertainty – evil demon could deceive us and inability to know others experience make empiricism an unreliable basis for universal ethics. Outweighs since it would be escapable since people could say they don’t experience the same.~B~ Unity – Practical reason is the only unescapable authority because to ask why I should be a reasoner concedes it’s authority since you’re actively reasoning.That justifies universality AND outweighs – a~ a priori principles like reason apply to everyone since they are independent of human experience and b~ any non-universalizable norm justifies someone’s ability to impede on your ends i.e. if I want to eat ice cream, I must recognize that others may affect my pursuit of that end. c~ Epistemology – rational deliberation of educational concepts is necessary to interpret other arguments since it’s a prerequisite to interpreting epistemological concepts and it’s the terminal impact of debate d~ Procedure – reason is a side constraint on debate since otherwise we can’t refute – responding to this concedes the authority of reason since you’re reasoning via deliberation.Additionally:~B~ Only universalizable reason can effectively explain the perspectives of agents – that’s the best method for combatting oppression.Farr 02 Arnold Farr (prof of phil @ UKentucky, focusing on German idealism, philosophy of race, postmodernism, psychoanalysis, and liberation philosophy). "Can a Philosophy of Race Afford to Abandon the Kantian Categorical Imperative?" JOURNAL of SOCIAL PHILOSOPHY, Vol. 33 No. 1, Spring 2002, 17–32. AND choosing my maxims I attempt to include the perspective of other moral agents. Thus, the standard is consistency with the categorical imperative.~1~ Presumption and Permissibility affirm: a~ Statements are true before false since if I told you my name, you’d believe me. b~ If anything is permissible, then so is the aff since there is nothing prohibiting us.~2~ Consequences Fail: a~ Every action has infinite stemming consequences, because every consequence can cause another consequence so we can’t predict. b~ Induction is circular because it relies on the assumption that nature will hold uniform and we could only reach that conclusion through inductive reasoning based on observation of past events. c~ Every action is infinitely divisible, only intents unify because we commit the end point of an action – but consequences cannot determine what step of action is moral d~ Yes act/omission distinction – there are infinite events occurring over which you have no control, so you can never be moralAdvocacyThus I affirm, Resolved: The appropriation of outer space through the production of space debris by private entities is unjust.Revising the Outer Space Treaty curbs the impact of space debris – timeframe is crucial.Shah 20 – Sachin, 8/30/20, ~"Aug 30 The International Legal Regulation of Space Debris," CORNELL UNDERGRADUATE LAW and SOCIETY REVIEW, Administrative, Policy, Technology, https://www.culsr.org/articles/the-international-legal-regulation-of-space-debris~~ Justin AND action can accomplish these goals, but lack thereof may result in disaster. Private entities are non-governmental.Dunk 11 – Frans G. von der Dunk, 2011, ~"The Origins of Authorisation: Article VI of the Outer Space Treaty and International Space Law," University of Nebraska~ Justin AND . Partly, this was the consequence of key principles being left undefined. Exemptions destroy the coercive power of legal regimes – causes circumvention across the board.Hickman and Dolman 2 – John and Everett, 2002, Associate professor in the Department of Government and International Studies at Berry College in Mt. Berry, ~"Resurrecting the Space Age: A State–Centered Commentary on the Outer Space Regime," Volume 21 Number 1, https://doi.org/10.1080/014959302317350855~~ Elmer Recut Justin AND rushes to stake claims for territory sovereignty in other celestial bodies might follow. OffenseNow Affirm:1~ Property rights assume a government to enforce them which means original acquisition in space is unjust, and cosmopolitan rights trump acquired rights like property.Walla 16 ~(Alice Pinheiro, Department of Philosophy at Trinity College Dublin) "Common Possession of the Earth and Cosmopolitan Right" Kant-Studien Volume 107 Issue 1, 2016~ TDI AND needed to avoid scenarios which would contradict the rationale for introducing certain rights. 2~ An exclusive and permanent right to property is not entailed by the categorical imperative. Only conditional use is universalizableWestphal 97 ~(Kenneth R., Professor of Philosophy at Boðaziçi Üniversitesi, PhD in Philosophy from Wisco) "Do Kant’s Principles Justify Property or Usufruct?" Jahrbuch für Recht und Ethik/Annual Review of Law and Ethics 5 (1997):141–94.~ RE AND in RL §6 suffer analogous weaknesses (see §§2.4f.). That implies that private appropriation is unjust.Westphal 97 ~(Kenneth R., Professor of Philosophy at Boðaziçi Üniversitesi, PhD in Philosophy from Wisco) "Do Kant’s Principles Justify Property or Usufruct?" Jahrbuch für Recht und Ethik/Annual Review of Law and Ethics 5 (1997):141–94.~ RE AND thing, regardless of subsequent disuse (cf. §3.10). 3~ Privatization of outer space runs counter to international lawvan Eijk 20 ~(Cristian, finishing an accelerated BA in Law at the University of Cambridge. He holds a BA cum laude in International Justice and an LLM in Public International Law from Leiden University, and has previously worked at the T.M.C. Asser Institute and the International Commission on Missing Persons.) "Sorry, Elon: Mars is not a legal vacuum – and it’s not yours, either," 5/11/20, Völkerrechtsblog, https://voelkerrechtsblog.org/sorry-elon-mars-is-not-a-legal-vacuum-and-its-not-yours-either~~ TDI AND the room. It leaves us space lawyers just shouting into the void. Violating i-Law is a form of promise breaking that is non universalizable since it leads to an inconceivable world where everyone lies and there is no conception of truth. | 1/15/22 |
3 - JANFEB - AC - StockTournament: UH | Round: 1 | Opponent: Woodlands SV | Judge: Demarcus Powell AdvantageThe advantage is Debris:Privatization of space is unsustainable and increases debris – triggers the Kessler SyndromeThompson 21 ~Clive, 11/17/21, Clive Thompson is a contributing writer for the New York Times Magazine, a columnist for Wired and Smithsonian magazines, and a regular contributor to Mother Jones. He’s the author of Coders: The Making of a New Tribe and the Remaking of the World, and Smarter Than You Think: How Technology is Changing our Minds for the Better. He’s @pomeranian99 on Twitter and Instagram, "Get Ready for the "Kessler Syndrome" to Wreck Outer Space," OneZero, https://onezero.medium.com/get-ready-for-the-kessler-syndrome-to-wreck-outer-space-7f29cfe62c3e~~ Justin AND is part of a larger trend, which is … The privatization of outer space The private sector is rapidly becoming the dominant actor in space. There’s a huge demand for satellite data — everyone wants better info about weather, crops, traffic patterns, tree coverage, emissions, you name it, on top of the explosive use of satellites for communication and Internet. SpaceX’s remarkable innovations in rocketry (the leading folks, though others are following in their footsteps) have made it cheaper than ever to get a satellite into orbit. It is unlocking a huge pent-up demand for near-earth-orbit tech. More launches mean not only more intentional objects in orbit but unintentional ones — bits of rocket parts and detritus from launches. Privatization exponentially increases the curve but ending dangerous missions prevents it.Bernat 20 ~Pawel, 2020, Military University of Aviation, "ORBITAL SATELLITE CONSTELLATIONS AND THE GROWING THREAT OF KESSLER SYNDROME IN THE LOWER EARTH ORBIT," SAFETY ENGINEERING OF ANTHROPOGENIC OBJECTS, Volume 4, PDF~ Justin AND Ice Age weather conditions that would last for decades. Yet the political and military leaders who control nuclear weapons strictly avoid any direct public discussion of the consequences of nuclear war. They do so by arguing that nuclear weapons are not intended to be used, but only to deter. Remarkably, the leaders of the Nuclear Weapon States have chosen to ignore the authoritative, long-standing scientific research done by the climatologists, research that predicts virtually any nuclear war, fought with even a fraction of the operational and deployed nuclear arsenals, will leave the Earth essentially uninhabitable. Advantage 2 is Corporate Colonialism:Private appropriation of outer space expands corporate colonialism.Shammas and Holen 19 (Victor L, a sociologist working at the Department of Sociology and Human Geography, University of Oslo; Tomas B., independent scholar in Oslo, Norway) “One giant leap for capitalistkind: private enterprise in outer space,” 1-29-2019, pg. 3-5 TDI The insistence on outer space as corporate capital’s spatial fix accelerates environmental degradation.Shammas and Holen 19 (Victor L, a sociologist working at the Department of Sociology and Human Geography, University of Oslo; Tomas B., independent scholar in Oslo, Norway) “One giant leap for capitalistkind: private enterprise in outer space,” 1-29-2019, pg. 6-8 julian AND outer space, the state must create a regulatory environment, subsidize infrastructure, and hand down contracts – in short, assemble outer space as a domain made accessible in legal, technical, and economic ways. AdvocacyThus I affirm, Resolved: The appropriation of outer space by private entities is unjust.Revising the Outer Space Treaty curbs the impact of space debris – timeframe is crucial.Shah 20 – Sachin, 8/30/20, “Aug 30 The International Legal Regulation of Space Debris,” CORNELL UNDERGRADUATE LAW and SOCIETY REVIEW, Administrative, Policy, Technology, https://www.culsr.org/articles/the-international-legal-regulation-of-space-debris Justin Private entities are non-governmental.Dunk 11 – Frans G. von der Dunk, 2011, “The Origins of Authorisation: Article VI of the Outer Space Treaty and International Space Law,” University of Nebraska Justin Exemptions destroy the AND inequalities into the cosmos. The precedent set by NASA in April 2020 that will likely lead to the further involvement of private firms such as SpaceX in space endeavours will therefore serve to restrict public access to the extra-terrestrial domain – and the benefits that may arise from this. Indeed, the notion of outer space as a ‘global commons’ is slowly turning into one of a ‘global commodity’. | 1/14/22 |
3 - NOVDEC - AC - CourtsTournament: Blue Key | Round: Quarters | Opponent: Lexington AT | Judge: Amadea Datel, Rohith Sudhakar, Meera Sehgal AdvantageThe right to strike is Customary International Law, but the US fails to meet opinio juris standards. Perception of US insufficiency breeds uncertainty with confidence in international law and spirals into noncompliance – that causes a legitimacy crisis. No alt causes to legitimacy – FOA is central to the ILO and the biggest internal link.Brudney 21 ~James; 2/8/21; Joseph Crowley Chair in Labor and Employment Law, Fordham Law School; "The Right to Strike as Customary International Law," THE YALE JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL LAW, Vol 46, https://digitalcommons.law.yale.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1710andcontext=yjil~~ Justin Brackets in original AND accept international standards and practices; and contemporary U.N. leadership. That prevents harmonization of norms and throws the functioning of international institutions into question – prefer empirics.Seifert 21 ~Achim; 2021; Full Professor of Private Law, German and European Labor Law and Comparative Law at the University of Jena (since 2011). He holds both German State Exams in Law and a PhD of the Johann-Wolfgang-Goethe-University of Frankfurt (1998). After his Habilitation ~Post-Doc~ in 2006 at the University of Frankfurt and several short-term Replacements at the Universities of Frankfurt and Trier (2006-2008), he became an Associate Professor of European and International Labor Law at the University of Luxembourg (2008). His main fields of interest are the Labor Law of the European Union and Comparative Labor Law, including the methodology of Comparative Law. Achim SEIFERT serves as co-editor of the Comparative Labor Law and Policy Journal (CLLPJ) and is a member of the editorial board of the European Labour Law Journal (ELLJ) as well as of the Revue de droit comparé du travail et de la sécurité sociale (RDCTSS). He is an associated member of the International Academy of Comparative Law (since 2013) and fellow of the European Law Institute (ELI) (since 2014); furthermore he has been member of the Jean-Monnet-Centre of Excellence at the University of Jena (2013-2016). He has been visiting Professor at the Universities of Bordeaux, Nantes, Paris 1 (Panthéon-Sorbonne), Luigi Bocconi/Milan and Leuven (Global Law Programme) and has taught as adjunct professor at the University of Luxembourg between 2011 and 2016; "Book Review," European Labour Law Journal, https://sci-hub.se/https://doi.org/10.1177/2031952521994412~~ Justin AND of the constituents therefore necessarily brings into question the functioning of the ILO. Harmonizing international labor standards are key to Sustainable Development Goals – compliance is key.ILO 15 ~International Labor Organization; The International Labour Organization is a United Nations agency whose mandate is to advance social and economic justice through setting international labour standards. Founded in October 1919 under the League of Nations, it is the first and oldest specialised agency of the UN; "The benefits of International Labour Standards," No date stated but most recent event cited is 2015, https://www.ilo.org/global/standards/introduction-to-international-labour-standards/the-benefits-of-international-labour-standards/lang—en/index.htm~ Justin AND of international law which can bring about greater integration of the international community. That’s key to head off a laundry list of interacting catastrophic risks, the combination of which causes extinction and amplifies every other threat.Tom Cernev and Richard Fenner 20, Australian National University; Centre for Sustainable Development, Cambridge University Engineering Department, "The importance of achieving foundational Sustainable Development Goals in reducing global risk," Futures, Vol. 115, January 2020, Elsevier. Recut Justin AND climate change provides the backdrop against which all these interactions will play out. Weak states are existential. Err AFF to account for non-linearity and unpredictable cascades.Hanna Samir Kassab 17. Visiting Assistant Professor of Political Science at Northern Michigan University, Prioritization Theory and Defensive Foreign Policy. Springer International Publishing, 2017. CrossRef, doi:10.1007/978-3-319-48018-3. Re-Cut Justin AND their theories (Kassab and Wu 2014) must take these matters seriously. Prefer governance strategies broadly rather than focus on one-shot impacts.Sean 17 – Seán Ó hÉigeartaigh, Professor @ Cambridge, PhD in Genomics from Trinity College Dublin (Sean, "Technological Wild Cards: Existential Risk and a Changing Humanity", https://www.bbvaopenmind.com/en/articles/technological-wild-cards-existential-risk-and-a-changing-humanity/)// gcd Recut Justin AND if we guide their development, and their uses and applications, carefully. Extinction – contrary models are incorrect.Specktor 19 ~Brandon; 6/4/19; Writes about the science of everyday life for Live Science, and previously for Reader's Digest magazine, where he served as an editor for five years; "Human Civilization Will Crumble by 2050 If We Don't Stop Climate Change Now, New Paper Claims," livescience, https://www.livescience.com/65633-climate-change-dooms-humans-by-2050.html~~ Justin AND "the end of human global civilization as we know it." AdvocacyThus the plan – Resolved: The United States of America ought to recognize an unconditional right of workers to strike.Definition of unconditional right to strike:NLRB 85 ~National Labor Relations Board; "Legislative History of the Labor Management Relations Act, 1947: Volume 1," Jan 1985; https://play.google.com/store/books/details?id=7o1tA''v4xwCandrdid=book-7o1tA''v4xwCandrdot=1~~ Justin AND health and welfare of our people in order to attain a selfish end. Courts are normal means and can enforce the right to strike as Customary International Law.Brudney 21 ~James; 2/8/21; Joseph Crowley Chair in Labor and Employment Law, Fordham Law School; "The Right to Strike as Customary International Law," THE YALE JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL LAW, Vol 46, https://digitalcommons.law.yale.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1710andcontext=yjil~~ Justin Brackets in original AND specified that the right to strike is an integral part of FOA.270 | 11/20/21 |
3 - NOVDEC - AC - KorsgaardTournament: Glenbrooks | Round: 6 | Opponent: Plano West VV | Judge: Austin Broussard FrameworkEthics must begin a priori~A~ Empirical Uncertainty – evil demon could deceive us and inability to know others experience make empiricism an unreliable basis for universal ethics. Outweighs since it would be escapable since people could say they don’t experience the same.~B~ Constitutive Authority – The meta-ethic is bindingness. Practical reason is the only unescapable authority because to ask why I should be a reasoner concedes it’s authority since you’re actively reasoning.That justifies universality – a~ a priori principles like reason apply to everyone since they are independent of human experience and b~ any non-universalizable norm justifies someone’s ability to impede on your ends i.e. if I want to eat ice cream, I must recognize that others may affect my pursuit of that end.Additionally:~A~ Ethical frameworks are topicality interpretations of the word ought so they must be theoretically justified. Prefer on resource disparities—focusing on evidence and statistics privileges debaters with the most preround prep excluding lone-wolfs who lack huge evidence files. A debater under my framework can easily be won without any prep since minimal evidence is required. That controls the internal link to other voters because a pre-req to debating is access to the activity.~B~ Only universalizable reason can effectively explain the perspectives of agents – that’s the best method for combatting oppression.Farr 02 Arnold Farr (prof of phil @ UKentucky, focusing on German idealism, philosophy of race, postmodernism, psychoanalysis, and liberation philosophy). "Can a Philosophy of Race Afford to Abandon the Kantian Categorical Imperative?" JOURNAL of SOCIAL PHILOSOPHY, Vol. 33 No. 1, Spring 2002, 17–32. AND choosing my maxims I attempt to include the perspective of other moral agents. Thus, the standard is consistency with the categorical imperative.~1~ Presumption and Permissibility affirm: a~ Statements are true before false since if I told you my name, you’d believe me. b~ If anything is permissible, then so is the aff since there is nothing prohibiting us.~2~ Consequences Fail: a~ Every action has infinite stemming consequences, because every consequence can cause another consequence so we can’t predict. b~ Induction is circular because it relies on the assumption that nature will hold uniform and we could only reach that conclusion through inductive reasoning based on observation of past events. c~ Every action is infinitely divisible, only intents unify because we commit the end point of an action – but consequences cannot determine what step of action is moral d~ Yes act/omission distinction – there are infinite events occurring over which you have no control, so you can never be moral~3~ If the aff is winning, then they get the ballot: Denying the antecedent proves the conclusion.Stanford No Date "an introduction to PHILOSOPHY Stanford University" https://web.stanford.edu/~~bobonich/dictionary/dictionary.html SJVM AND of true and false antecedents and consequents, the conditional statement is true. AdvocacyThus the plan, Resolved: A just government ought to recognize an unconditional right of workers to strike. CX checks theory interps to avoid frivolous debates – otherwise I get an I meet.Definition of unconditional right to strike:NLRB 85 ~National Labor Relations Board; "Legislative History of the Labor Management Relations Act, 1947: Volume 1," Jan 1985; https://play.google.com/store/books/details?id=7o1tA''v4xwCandrdid=book-7o1tA''v4xwCandrdot=1~~ Justin AND health and welfare of our people in order to attain a selfish end. Enforcement through IFAs is normal means – that solves credibility concerns and loopholes which encourages striking.Neill 12 ~Emily CM; "The Right to Strike: How the United States Reduces it to the Freedom to Strike and How International Framework Agreements can Redeem it," 1/1/12; Labor and Employment Law Forum Volume 2 Issue 2 Article 6; https://digitalcommons.wcl.american.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?referer=https://www.google.com/andhttpsredir=1andarticle=1047andcontext=lelb~~ Justin AND for workers, but not one afforded the status of a protected right. Offense1~ Striking is a fundamental protection of dignity and the right of the worker to resist a dominant relationship.Mason 18 ~Elinor. Elinor Mason is a senior lecturer in philosophy at Edinburgh University. On striking, and the recognition that ethics are a collective affair. "On striking, and the recognition that ethics are a collective affair". 4-1-2018. openDemocracy. https://www.opendemocracy.net/en/opendemocracyuk/on-striking-and-recognition-that-ethics-are-collective-affair/.~~ SJVM AND it. We hugely appreciate the solidarity of our students: thank you. 2~ Universality requires restriction of the employer’s power to arbitrarily impose their will on employees.Bogg 17 ~Alan. Alan L Bogg is Professor in Law at the University of Bristol Law School. 'Republican Non-Domination and Labour Law: New Normativity or Trojan Horse?', (2017), 33, International Journal of Comparative Labour Law and Industrial Relations, Issue 3, pp. 391-417, https://kluwerlawonline.com/journalarticle/International+Journal+of+Comparative+Labour+Law+and+Industrial+Relations/33.3/IJCL2017017~~ SJVM AND protect illegal migrant-workers and those employed on fixed term contracts.57 3~ Action under one framework doesn’t preclude another. I can still have an obligation under the categorical imperative, even if the aff is bad under Util. Framing issues don’t exclude the offense. | 11/21/21 |
3 - NOVDEC - AC - StockTournament: Blue Key | Round: 2 | Opponent: Scarsdale BS | Judge: Rohit Lakshman Advantage – Democracy – LongGlobal democracy is collapsing now.Freedom House 3/3 ~Freedom House. Freedom House works to defend human rights and promote democratic change, with a focus on political rights and civil liberties. We act as a catalyst for freedom through a combination of analysis, advocacy, and action. Our analysis, focused on 13 central issues, is underpinned by our international program work. "New Report: The global decline in democracy has accelerated". 3-3-2021. . https://freedomhouse.org/article/new-report-global-decline-democracy-has-accelerated.~~ SJVM AND environments investigated government transgressions, and activists persisted in calling out undemocratic practices. The plan solves:1~ Civic engagement – strikes increase democratic participation which reinvigorates democracy.McElwee 15 ~Sean; Research Associate at Demos; "How Unions Boost Democratic Participation," The American Prospect; 9/16/15; https://prospect.org/labor/unions-boost-democratic-participation/~~ Justin AND a broad swath of the middle class largely unrepresented in the political process." 2~ Corruption reduction – the right to strike fights concentration of power while reducing inequality.IER 17 ~Institute of Employment Rights. The IER exists to inform the debate around trade union rights and labour law by providing information, critical analysis, and policy ideas through our network of academics, researchers and lawyers. "UN Rights Expert: Right to strike is essential to democracy". 3-10-2017. . https://www.ier.org.uk/news/un-rights-expert-right-strike-essential-democracy/.~~ SJVM AND this right, and a negative obligation not to interfere with its exercise." 3~ Electoral legitimacy – striking is critical to political influence which can check electoral illegitimacy and broader fascism.Luce 20 ~Stephanie; Professor, received her B.A. in economics from the University of California, Davis and both her Ph.D in Sociology and her M.A. in Industrial Relations from the University of Wisconsin at Madison. Her research focuses on low-wage work, globalization and labor standards, and labor-community coalitions. She is the author of Labor Movements: Global Perspectives. Well-known for her research on living wage campaigns and movements, she is also the author of Fighting for a Living Wage and co-author (with Robert Pollin) of The Living Wage: Building a Fair Economy. She is co-author of A Measure of Fairness; and co-editor of What Works for Workers?: Public Policies and Innovative Strategies for Low-Wage Workers. She has published numerous reports on labor and wages in the New York City area, including the annual "State of the Unions" report co-authored with Ruth Milkman; "Strike for Democracy!" 10/26/20; OrgUP; https://www.organizingupgrade.com/strike-for-democracy/~~ Justin AND don’t teach strikes, we don’t talk the language of strikes in labor." Democratic backsliding causes extinction.Kendall-Taylor 16 ~Andrea; Deputy national intelligence officer for Russia and Eurasia at the National Intelligence Council, Senior associate in the Human Rights Initiative at the Center for Strategic and International Studies in Washington; "How Democracy’s Decline Would Undermine the International Order," CSIS; 7/15/16; https://www.csis.org/analysis/how-democracyE28099s-decline-would-undermine-international-order/~~ Justin AND Group of Developing Countries" within the United Nations to advocate their interests. Put away your disads – the Aff outweighs.Pummer 15 ~Theron, Junior Research Fellow in Philosophy at St. Anne's College, University of Oxford. "Moral Agreement on Saving the World" Practical Ethics, University of Oxford. May 18, 2015~ AT AND be acting very wrongly." (From chapter 36 of On What Matters) AdvocacyThus the plan – Resolved: A just government ought to recognize an unconditional right of workers to strike. I defend all governments and all workers with the unconditional right to all types of strikes. CPs and PIC’s affirm since they don’t disprove my general thesis.Enforcement through IFAs is normal means – that solves credibility concerns and legal loopholes which encourages striking.Neill 12 ~Emily CM; "The Right to Strike: How the United States Reduces it to the Freedom to Strike and How International Framework Agreements can Redeem it," 1/1/12; Labor and Employment Law Forum Volume 2 Issue 2 Article 6; https://digitalcommons.wcl.american.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?referer=https://www.google.com/andhttpsredir=1andarticle=1047andcontext=lelb~~ Justin AND for workers, but not one afforded the status of a protected right. Our civic engagement is key to comprehensive climate action globally.Fisher and Nasrin 20 ~Dana R; Professor of Sociology and the Director of the Program for Society and the Environment at the University of Maryland. Her research focuses on questions related to democracy, activism, and environmentalism — most recently studying climate activism, protests, and the American Resistance. Her research employs a mixed-methods approach that integrates data collected through open-ended semi-structured interviews and participant observation with various forms of survey data; Sohana; University of Maryland, College Park, UMD, UMCP, University of Maryland College Park · Philip Merrill College of Journalism Master of Arts; "Climate activism and its effects," Wiley Interdisciplinary Review; October 2020; https://www.researchgate.net/publication/345455893'Climate'activism'and'its'effects~~ Justin AND large, most of these strikes involve relatively small proportions of overall populations. Warming causes extinctionSpecktor 19 ~Brandon writes about the science of everyday life for Live Science, and previously for Reader's Digest magazine, where he served as an editor for five years~ 6-4-2019, "Human Civilization Will Crumble by 2050 If We Don't Stop Climate Change Now, New Paper Claims," livescience, https://www.livescience.com/65633-climate-change-dooms-humans-by-2050.html Justin AND and perhaps "the end of human global civilization as we know it." Ought is an obligation – outweighs because entry 1.Merriam Webster ~"Ought." Merriam-Webster.com. Merriam-Webster, n.d. Web. 27 Dec. 2018. https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/ought ABML~Top of Form AND \ Definition of ought (Entry 4 of 4) archaic spelling of AUGHT Definition of unconditional right to strike:NLRB 85 ~National Labor Relations Board; "Legislative History of the Labor Management Relations Act, 1947: Volume 1," Jan 1985; https://play.google.com/store/books/details?id=7o1tA''v4xwCandrdid=book-7o1tA''v4xwCandrdot=1~~ Justin AND health and welfare of our people in order to attain a selfish end. | 10/30/21 |
3 - NOVDEC - AC - Stock v2Tournament: Blue Key | Round: 4 | Opponent: Scarsdale OL | Judge: Jeong-Wan Choi Advantage – Democracy – LongGlobal democracy is collapsing now.Freedom House 3/3 ~Freedom House. Freedom House works to defend human rights and promote democratic change, with a focus on political rights and civil liberties. We act as a catalyst for freedom through a combination of analysis, advocacy, and action. Our analysis, focused on 13 central issues, is underpinned by our international program work. "New Report: The global decline in democracy has accelerated". 3-3-2021. . https://freedomhouse.org/article/new-report-global-decline-democracy-has-accelerated.~~ SJVM AND environments investigated government transgressions, and activists persisted in calling out undemocratic practices. The plan solves:1~ Civic engagement – strikes increase democratic participation which reinvigorates democracy.McElwee 15 ~Sean; Research Associate at Demos; "How Unions Boost Democratic Participation," The American Prospect; 9/16/15; https://prospect.org/labor/unions-boost-democratic-participation/~~ Justin AND a broad swath of the middle class largely unrepresented in the political process." 2~ Corruption reduction – the right to strike fights concentration of power while reducing inequality.IER 17 ~Institute of Employment Rights. The IER exists to inform the debate around trade union rights and labour law by providing information, critical analysis, and policy ideas through our network of academics, researchers and lawyers. "UN Rights Expert: Right to strike is essential to democracy". 3-10-2017. . https://www.ier.org.uk/news/un-rights-expert-right-strike-essential-democracy/.~~ SJVM AND this right, and a negative obligation not to interfere with its exercise." Democratic backsliding causes extinction.Kendall-Taylor 16 ~Andrea; Deputy national intelligence officer for Russia and Eurasia at the National Intelligence Council, Senior associate in the Human Rights Initiative at the Center for Strategic and International Studies in Washington; "How Democracy’s Decline Would Undermine the International Order," CSIS; 7/15/16; https://www.csis.org/analysis/how-democracyE28099s-decline-would-undermine-international-order/~~ Justin AND Group of Developing Countries" within the United Nations to advocate their interests. Put away your disads – the Aff outweighs.Pummer 15 ~Theron, Junior Research Fellow in Philosophy at St. Anne's College, University of Oxford. "Moral Agreement on Saving the World" Practical Ethics, University of Oxford. May 18, 2015~ AT AND be acting very wrongly." (From chapter 36 of On What Matters) AdvocacyThus the plan – Resolved: A just government ought to recognize an unconditional right of workers to strike. I defend all governments and all workers with the unconditional right to all types of strikes. CPs and PIC’s affirm since they don’t disprove my general thesis.Enforcement through IFAs is normal means – that solves credibility concerns and legal loopholes which encourages striking.Neill 12 ~Emily CM; "The Right to Strike: How the United States Reduces it to the Freedom to Strike and How International Framework Agreements can Redeem it," 1/1/12; Labor and Employment Law Forum Volume 2 Issue 2 Article 6; https://digitalcommons.wcl.american.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?referer=https://www.google.com/andhttpsredir=1andarticle=1047andcontext=lelb~~ Justin AND for workers, but not one afforded the status of a protected right. Our civic engagement is key to comprehensive climate action globally.Fisher and Nasrin 20 ~Dana R; Professor of Sociology and the Director of the Program for Society and the Environment at the University of Maryland. Her research focuses on questions related to democracy, activism, and environmentalism — most recently studying climate activism, protests, and the American Resistance. Her research employs a mixed-methods approach that integrates data collected through open-ended semi-structured interviews and participant observation with various forms of survey data; Sohana; University of Maryland, College Park, UMD, UMCP, University of Maryland College Park · Philip Merrill College of Journalism Master of Arts; "Climate activism and its effects," Wiley Interdisciplinary Review; October 2020; https://www.researchgate.net/publication/345455893'Climate'activism'and'its'effects~~ Justin AND large, most of these strikes involve relatively small proportions of overall populations. Warming causes extinctionSpecktor 19 ~Brandon writes about the science of everyday life for Live Science, and previously for Reader's Digest magazine, where he served as an editor for five years~ 6-4-2019, "Human Civilization Will Crumble by 2050 If We Don't Stop Climate Change Now, New Paper Claims," livescience, https://www.livescience.com/65633-climate-change-dooms-humans-by-2050.html Justin AND and perhaps "the end of human global civilization as we know it." Ought is an obligation – outweighs because entry 1.Merriam Webster ~"Ought." Merriam-Webster.com. Merriam-Webster, n.d. Web. 27 Dec. 2018. https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/ought ABML~Top of Form AND \ Definition of ought (Entry 4 of 4) archaic spelling of AUGHT Definition of unconditional right to strike:NLRB 85 ~National Labor Relations Board; "Legislative History of the Labor Management Relations Act, 1947: Volume 1," Jan 1985; https://play.google.com/store/books/details?id=7o1tA''v4xwCandrdid=book-7o1tA''v4xwCandrdot=1~~ Justin AND health and welfare of our people in order to attain a selfish end. | 10/30/21 |
3 - NOVDEC - AC - Stock v3Tournament: UT | Round: 5 | Opponent: Denton Guyer SB | Judge: Austin Broussard Advantage – Democracy – LongGlobal democracy is collapsing now.Freedom House 3/3 ~Freedom House. Freedom House works to defend human rights and promote democratic change, with a focus on political rights and civil liberties. We act as a catalyst for freedom through a combination of analysis, advocacy, and action. Our analysis, focused on 13 central issues, is underpinned by our international program work. "New Report: The global decline in democracy has accelerated". 3-3-2021. . https://freedomhouse.org/article/new-report-global-decline-democracy-has-accelerated.~~ SJVM AND environments investigated government transgressions, and activists persisted in calling out undemocratic practices. The plan solves:1~ Civic engagement – strikes increase democratic participation which reinvigorates democracy.McElwee 15 ~Sean; Research Associate at Demos; "How Unions Boost Democratic Participation," The American Prospect; 9/16/15; https://prospect.org/labor/unions-boost-democratic-participation/~~ Justin AND a broad swath of the middle class largely unrepresented in the political process." 2~ Corruption reduction – the right to strike fights concentration of power while reducing inequality.IER 17 ~Institute of Employment Rights. The IER exists to inform the debate around trade union rights and labour law by providing information, critical analysis, and policy ideas through our network of academics, researchers and lawyers. "UN Rights Expert: Right to strike is essential to democracy". 3-10-2017. . https://www.ier.org.uk/news/un-rights-expert-right-strike-essential-democracy/.~~ SJVM AND this right, and a negative obligation not to interfere with its exercise." Democratic backsliding causes extinction.Kendall-Taylor 16 ~Andrea; Deputy national intelligence officer for Russia and Eurasia at the National Intelligence Council, Senior associate in the Human Rights Initiative at the Center for Strategic and International Studies in Washington; "How Democracy’s Decline Would Undermine the International Order," CSIS; 7/15/16; https://www.csis.org/analysis/how-democracyE28099s-decline-would-undermine-international-order/~~ Justin AND Group of Developing Countries" within the United Nations to advocate their interests. AdvocacyThus the plan – Resolved: A just government ought to recognize an unconditional right of workers to strike. I defend all governments and all workers with the unconditional right to all types of strikes. CPs and PIC’s affirm since they don’t disprove my general thesis.Enforcement through IFAs is normal means – that solves credibility concerns and legal loopholes which encourages striking.Neill 12 ~Emily CM; "The Right to Strike: How the United States Reduces it to the Freedom to Strike and How International Framework Agreements can Redeem it," 1/1/12; Labor and Employment Law Forum Volume 2 Issue 2 Article 6; https://digitalcommons.wcl.american.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?referer=https://www.google.com/andhttpsredir=1andarticle=1047andcontext=lelb~~ Justin AND for workers, but not one afforded the status of a protected right. Warming causes extinctionSpecktor 19 ~Brandon writes about the science of everyday life for Live Science, and previously for Reader's Digest magazine, where he served as an editor for five years~ 6-4-2019, "Human Civilization Will Crumble by 2050 If We Don't Stop Climate Change Now, New Paper Claims," livescience, https://www.livescience.com/65633-climate-change-dooms-humans-by-2050.html Justin AND and perhaps "the end of human global civilization as we know it." Ought is an obligation – outweighs because entry 1.Merriam Webster ~"Ought." Merriam-Webster.com. Merriam-Webster, n.d. Web. 27 Dec. 2018. https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/ought ABML Top of Form AND \ Definition of ought (Entry 4 of 4) archaic spelling of AUGHT A worker is someone who works for a company or organization but does not have a powerful position.Cambridge (https://dictionary.cambridge.org/us/dictionary/english/worker)//ww pbj Definition of unconditional right to strike:NLRB 85 ~National Labor Relations Board; "Legislative History of the Labor Management Relations Act, 1947: Volume 1," Jan 1985; https://play.google.com/store/books/details?id=7o1tA''v4xwCandrdid=book-7o1tA''v4xwCandrdot=1~~ Justin AND health and welfare of our people in order to attain a selfish end. | 12/4/21 |
3 - NOVDEC - Advantage - CourtsTournament: UT | Round: 1 | Opponent: Coppell VK | Judge: Holden Bukowsky AdvantageThe right to strike is Customary International Law, but the US fails to meet opinio juris standards. Perception of US insufficiency breeds uncertainty with confidence in international law and spirals into noncompliance – that causes a legitimacy crisis. No alt causes to legitimacy – FOA is central to the ILO and the biggest internal link.Brudney 21 ~James; 2/8/21; Joseph Crowley Chair in Labor and Employment Law, Fordham Law School; "The Right to Strike as Customary International Law," THE YALE JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL LAW, Vol 46, https://digitalcommons.law.yale.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1710andcontext=yjil~~ Justin Brackets in original AND accept international standards and practices; and contemporary U.N. leadership. That prevents harmonization of norms and throws the functioning of international institutions into question – prefer empirics.Seifert 21 ~Achim; 2021; Full Professor of Private Law, German and European Labor Law and Comparative Law at the University of Jena (since 2011). He holds both German State Exams in Law and a PhD of the Johann-Wolfgang-Goethe-University of Frankfurt (1998). After his Habilitation ~Post-Doc~ in 2006 at the University of Frankfurt and several short-term Replacements at the Universities of Frankfurt and Trier (2006-2008), he became an Associate Professor of European and International Labor Law at the University of Luxembourg (2008). His main fields of interest are the Labor Law of the European Union and Comparative Labor Law, including the methodology of Comparative Law. Achim SEIFERT serves as co-editor of the Comparative Labor Law and Policy Journal (CLLPJ) and is a member of the editorial board of the European Labour Law Journal (ELLJ) as well as of the Revue de droit comparé du travail et de la sécurité sociale (RDCTSS). He is an associated member of the International Academy of Comparative Law (since 2013) and fellow of the European Law Institute (ELI) (since 2014); furthermore he has been member of the Jean-Monnet-Centre of Excellence at the University of Jena (2013-2016). He has been visiting Professor at the Universities of Bordeaux, Nantes, Paris 1 (Panthéon-Sorbonne), Luigi Bocconi/Milan and Leuven (Global Law Programme) and has taught as adjunct professor at the University of Luxembourg between 2011 and 2016; "Book Review," European Labour Law Journal, https://sci-hub.se/https://doi.org/10.1177/2031952521994412~~ Justin AND of the constituents therefore necessarily brings into question the functioning of the ILO. Independently frictions in International Law prevent cooperation over international issues.Brudney 21 ~James; 2/8/21; Joseph Crowley Chair in Labor and Employment Law, Fordham Law School; "The Right to Strike as Customary International Law," THE YALE JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL LAW, Vol 46, https://digitalcommons.law.yale.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1710andcontext=yjil~~ Justin AND and became fully developed from the late 1990s, continuing to the present. Scenario one is SDG:Harmonizing international labor standards are key to Sustainable Development Goals – compliance is key.ILO 15 ~International Labor Organization; The International Labour Organization is a United Nations agency whose mandate is to advance social and economic justice through setting international labour standards. Founded in October 1919 under the League of Nations, it is the first and oldest specialised agency of the UN; "The benefits of International Labour Standards," No date stated but most recent event cited is 2015, https://www.ilo.org/global/standards/introduction-to-international-labour-standards/the-benefits-of-international-labour-standards/lang—en/index.htm~ Justin AND of international law which can bring about greater integration of the international community. That’s key to head off a laundry list of interacting catastrophic risks, the combination of which causes extinction and amplifies every other threat.Tom Cernev and Richard Fenner 20, Australian National University; Centre for Sustainable Development, Cambridge University Engineering Department, "The importance of achieving foundational Sustainable Development Goals in reducing global risk," Futures, Vol. 115, January 2020, Elsevier. Recut Justin AND provides the backdrop against which all these interactions will play out. | 12/4/21 |
3 - NOVDEC - Advantage - StockTournament: Glenbrooks | Round: 3 | Opponent: New Trier RK | Judge: Jeong-Wan Choi AdvantageGlobal democracy is collapsing now.Freedom House 3/3 ~Freedom House. Freedom House works to defend human rights and promote democratic change, with a focus on political rights and civil liberties. We act as a catalyst for freedom through a combination of analysis, advocacy, and action. Our analysis, focused on 13 central issues, is underpinned by our international program work. "New Report: The global decline in democracy has accelerated". 3-3-2021. . https://freedomhouse.org/article/new-report-global-decline-democracy-has-accelerated.~~ SJVM AND environments investigated government transgressions, and activists persisted in calling out undemocratic practices. The plan solves through corruption reduction – the right to strike fights concentration of power while reducing inequality.IER 17 ~Institute of Employment Rights. The IER exists to inform the debate around trade union rights and labour law by providing information, critical analysis, and policy ideas through our network of academics, researchers and lawyers. "UN Rights Expert: Right to strike is essential to democracy". 3-10-2017. . https://www.ier.org.uk/news/un-rights-expert-right-strike-essential-democracy/.~~ SJVM AND this right, and a negative obligation not to interfere with its exercise." Democratic backsliding causes extinction.Kendall-Taylor 16 ~Andrea; Deputy national intelligence officer for Russia and Eurasia at the National Intelligence Council, Senior associate in the Human Rights Initiative at the Center for Strategic and International Studies in Washington; "How Democracy’s Decline Would Undermine the International Order," CSIS; 7/15/16; https://www.csis.org/analysis/how-democracyE28099s-decline-would-undermine-international-order/~~ Justin AND Group of Developing Countries" within the United Nations to advocate their interests. Civic engagement is key to comprehensive climate action globally.Fisher and Nasrin 20 ~Dana R; Professor of Sociology and the Director of the Program for Society and the Environment at the University of Maryland. Her research focuses on questions related to democracy, activism, and environmentalism — most recently studying climate activism, protests, and the American Resistance. Her research employs a mixed-methods approach that integrates data collected through open-ended semi-structured interviews and participant observation with various forms of survey data; Sohana; University of Maryland, College Park, UMD, UMCP, University of Maryland College Park · Philip Merrill College of Journalism Master of Arts; "Climate activism and its effects," Wiley Interdisciplinary Review; October 2020; https://www.researchgate.net/publication/345455893'Climate'activism'and'its'effects~~ Justin AND large, most of these strikes involve relatively small proportions of overall populations. Warming causes extinctionSpecktor 19 ~Brandon writes about the science of everyday life for Live Science, and previously for Reader's Digest magazine, where he served as an editor for five years~ 6-4-2019, "Human Civilization Will Crumble by 2050 If We Don't Stop Climate Change Now, New Paper Claims," livescience, https://www.livescience.com/65633-climate-change-dooms-humans-by-2050.html Justin AND and perhaps "the end of human global civilization as we know it." | 12/4/21 |
3 - NOVDEC - Korsgaard v2Tournament: UT | Round: 1 | Opponent: Coppell VK | Judge: Holden Bukowsky FrameworkEthics must begin a priori~1~ Uncertainty – evil demon could deceive us and inability to know others experience make empiricism an unreliable basis for universal ethics. Outweighs since it would be escapable since people could say they don’t experience the same.~B~ Inescapability – The meta-ethic is bindingness. Practical reason is the only unescapable authority because to ask why I should be a reasoner concedes it’s authority since you’re actively reasoning.That justifies universality – a~ a priori principles like reason apply to everyone since they are independent of human experience and b~ any non-universalizable norm justifies someone’s ability to impede on your ends i.e. if I want to eat ice cream, I must recognize that others may affect my pursuit of that end.Additionally:~A~ Ethical frameworks are topicality interpretations of the word ought so they must be theoretically justified. Prefer on resource disparities—focusing on evidence and statistics privileges debaters with the most preround prep excluding lone-wolfs who lack huge evidence files. A debater under my framework can easily be won without any prep since minimal evidence is required. That controls the internal link to other voters because a pre-req to debating is access to the activity.~B~ Only universalizable reason can effectively explain the perspectives of agents – that’s the best method for combatting oppression.Farr 02 Arnold Farr (prof of phil @ UKentucky, focusing on German idealism, philosophy of race, postmodernism, psychoanalysis, and liberation philosophy). "Can a Philosophy of Race Afford to Abandon the Kantian Categorical Imperative?" JOURNAL of SOCIAL PHILOSOPHY, Vol. 33 No. 1, Spring 2002, 17–32. AND choosing my maxims I attempt to include the perspective of other moral agents. Thus, the standard is consistency with the categorical imperative.~1~ Presumption and Permissibility affirm: a~ Statements are true before false since if I told you my name, you’d believe me. b~ If anything is permissible, then so is the aff since there is nothing prohibiting us.~2~ Consequences Fail: a~ Every action has infinite stemming consequences, because every consequence can cause another consequence so we can’t predict. b~ Induction is circular because it relies on the assumption that nature will hold uniform and we could only reach that conclusion through inductive reasoning based on observation of past events. c~ Every action is infinitely divisible, only intents unify because we commit the end point of an action – but consequences cannot determine what step of action is moral d~ Yes act/omission distinction – there are infinite events occurring over which you have no control, so you can never be moralAdvocacyThus the plan – Resolved: A just government ought to recognize an unconditional right of workers to strike.Courts are normal means and can enforce the right to strike as Customary International Law.Brudney 21 ~James; 2/8/21; Joseph Crowley Chair in Labor and Employment Law, Fordham Law School; "The Right to Strike as Customary International Law," THE YALE JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL LAW, Vol 46, https://digitalcommons.law.yale.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1710andcontext=yjil~~ Justin Brackets in original AND specified that the right to strike is an integral part of FOA.270 Current laws are ambiguous and there is Cause of Action.Brudney 21 ~James; 2/8/21; Joseph Crowley Chair in Labor and Employment Law, Fordham Law School; "The Right to Strike as Customary International Law," THE YALE JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL LAW, Vol 46, https://digitalcommons.law.yale.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1710andcontext=yjil~~ Justin Brackets in original AND the right to strike, at least until Congress has addressed the issue. Definition of unconditional right to strike:NLRB 85 ~National Labor Relations Board; "Legislative History of the Labor Management Relations Act, 1947: Volume 1," Jan 1985; https://play.google.com/store/books/details?id=7o1tA''v4xwCandrdid=book-7o1tA''v4xwCandrdot=1~~ Justin AND health and welfare of our people in order to attain a selfish end. WORKERS STILL DISRUPT WORK WITHOUT THE RIGHT TO STRIKE, NON-UNIQUES THEIR LINKSULI 19 Undergraduate Labor Institute (labor policy think-tank run by Cornell undergraduates), 3/17/2019, The Case For Striking In The Public Sector, https://www.cornelluli.com/post/the-case-for-striking-in-the-public-sector AND is a right that should be extended to the public sector as well. Offense1~ Striking is a fundamental protection of dignity and the right of the worker to resist a dominant relationship.Mason 18 ~Elinor. Elinor Mason is a senior lecturer in philosophy at Edinburgh University. On striking, and the recognition that ethics are a collective affair. "On striking, and the recognition that ethics are a collective affair". 4-1-2018. openDemocracy. https://www.opendemocracy.net/en/opendemocracyuk/on-striking-and-recognition-that-ethics-are-collective-affair/.~~ SJVM AND it. We hugely appreciate the solidarity of our students: thank you. 2~ Universality requires restriction of the employer’s power to arbitrarily impose their will on employees.Bogg 17 ~Alan. Alan L Bogg is Professor in Law at the University of Bristol Law School. 'Republican Non-Domination and Labour Law: New Normativity or Trojan Horse?', (2017), 33, International Journal of Comparative Labour Law and Industrial Relations, Issue 3, pp. 391-417, https://kluwerlawonline.com/journalarticle/International+Journal+of+Comparative+Labour+Law+and+Industrial+Relations/33.3/IJCL2017017~~ SJVM AND protect illegal migrant-workers and those employed on fixed term contracts.57 | 12/4/21 |
3 - NSD - AC - KorsgaardTournament: NSD | Round: 2 | Opponent: TraRob AA | Judge: Lauren Gilbert FrameworkEthics must begin a priori~A~ Empirical Uncertainty – evil demon could deceive us and inability to know others experience make empiricism an unreliable basis for universal ethics. Outweighs since it would be escapable since people could say they don’t experience the same.~B~ Constitutive Authority – The meta-ethic is bindingness. Practical reason is the only unescapable authority because to ask why I should be a reasoner concedes it’s authority since you’re actively reasoning.Normativity outweighs: a~ Obligations – lack of it doesn’t generate stable ethics so it permits anything except the one thing it condemns b~ Collapses – injustices need universal ideal principles to ground them and explain why they are wrong which otherwise justifies skep since no external reason to follow ethics c~ Necessity – every arg presupposes ability to set and pursue ends which collapses to my framework d~ Is/Ought Gap – description of injustices only tells us what exists, not how to properly fix it or act with it which leaves all harms unresolved.That justifies universality – a~ a priori principles like reason apply to everyone since they are independent of human experience and b~ any non-universalizable norm justifies someone’s ability to impede on your ends i.e. if I want to eat ice cream, I must recognize that others may affect my pursuit of that end c~ Only universalizable reason can effectively explain the perspectives of agents – that’s the best method for combatting oppression.Farr 02 Arnold Farr (prof of phil @ UKentucky, focusing on German idealism, philosophy of race, postmodernism, psychoanalysis, and liberation philosophy). "Can a Philosophy of Race Afford to Abandon the Kantian Categorical Imperative?" JOURNAL of SOCIAL PHILOSOPHY, Vol. 33 No. 1, Spring 2002, 17–32. AND choosing my maxims I attempt to include the perspective of other moral agents. Thus, the standard is consistency with the categorical imperative.~1~ Presumption and Permissibility affirm: a~ Statements are true before false since if I told you my name was Vratin, you’d believe me. b~ If anything is permissible, then so is the aff since there is nothing prohibiting us.~2~ Consequences Fail: a~ Every action has infinite stemming consequences, because every consequence can cause another consequence so we can’t predict. b~ Induction is circular because it relies on the assumption that nature will hold uniform and we could only reach that conclusion through inductive reasoning based on observation of past events. c~ Every action is infinitely divisible, only intents unify because we commit the end point of an action – but consequences cannot determine what step of action is moralAdvocacyThus the plan, Resolved: A just government ought to recognize an unconditional right of workers to strike. CX checks theory interps to avoid frivolous debates – otherwise I get an I meet.Definition of unconditional right to strike:NLRB 85 ~National Labor Relations Board; "Legislative History of the Labor Management Relations Act, 1947: Volume 1," Jan 1985; https://play.google.com/store/books/details?id=7o1tA''v4xwCandrdid=book-7o1tA''v4xwCandrdot=1~~ Justin AND health and welfare of our people in order to attain a selfish end. Enforcement through IFAs is normal means – that solves credibility concerns and loopholes which encourages striking.Neill 12 ~Emily CM; "The Right to Strike: How the United States Reduces it to the Freedom to Strike and How International Framework Agreements can Redeem it," 1/1/12; Labor and Employment Law Forum Volume 2 Issue 2 Article 6; https://digitalcommons.wcl.american.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?referer=https://www.google.com/andhttpsredir=1andarticle=1047andcontext=lelb~~ Justin AND for workers, but not one afforded the status of a protected right. Offense1~ Striking is a fundamental protection of dignity and the right of the worker to resist a dominant relationship.Mason 18 ~Elinor. Elinor Mason is a senior lecturer in philosophy at Edinburgh University. On striking, and the recognition that ethics are a collective affair. "On striking, and the recognition that ethics are a collective affair". 4-1-2018. openDemocracy. https://www.opendemocracy.net/en/opendemocracyuk/on-striking-and-recognition-that-ethics-are-collective-affair/.~~ SJVM AND it. We hugely appreciate the solidarity of our students: thank you. 2~ Universality requires restriction of the employer’s power to arbitrarily impose their will on employees.Bogg 17 ~Alan. Alan L Bogg is Professor in Law at the University of Bristol Law School. 'Republican Non-Domination and Labour Law: New Normativity or Trojan Horse?', (2017), 33, International Journal of Comparative Labour Law and Industrial Relations, Issue 3, pp. 391-417, https://kluwerlawonline.com/journalarticle/International+Journal+of+Comparative+Labour+Law+and+Industrial+Relations/33.3/IJCL2017017~~ SJVM AND protect illegal migrant-workers and those employed on fixed term contracts.57 | 7/8/21 |
3 - NSD - AC - StockTournament: NSD | Round: 4 | Opponent: GedSie HZ | Judge: Becca Traber Advantage – Democracy – LongGlobal democracy is collapsing now.Freedom House 3/3 ~Freedom House. Freedom House works to defend human rights and promote democratic change, with a focus on political rights and civil liberties. We act as a catalyst for freedom through a combination of analysis, advocacy, and action. Our analysis, focused on 13 central issues, is underpinned by our international program work. "New Report: The global decline in democracy has accelerated". 3-3-2021. . https://freedomhouse.org/article/new-report-global-decline-democracy-has-accelerated.~~ SJVM AND environments investigated government transgressions, and activists persisted in calling out undemocratic practices. The plan solves:1~ Civic engagement – strikes increase democratic participation which reinvigorates democracy.McElwee 15 ~Sean; Research Associate at Demos; "How Unions Boost Democratic Participation," The American Prospect; 9/16/15; https://prospect.org/labor/unions-boost-democratic-participation/~~ Justin AND a broad swath of the middle class largely unrepresented in the political process." 2~ Corruption reduction – the right to strike fights concentration of power while reducing inequality.IER 17 ~Institute of Employment Rights. The IER exists to inform the debate around trade union rights and labour law by providing information, critical analysis, and policy ideas through our network of academics, researchers and lawyers. "UN Rights Expert: Right to strike is essential to democracy". 3-10-2017. . https://www.ier.org.uk/news/un-rights-expert-right-strike-essential-democracy/.~~ SJVM AND this right, and a negative obligation not to interfere with its exercise." Democratic backsliding causes extinction.Kendall-Taylor 16 ~Andrea; Deputy national intelligence officer for Russia and Eurasia at the National Intelligence Council, Senior associate in the Human Rights Initiative at the Center for Strategic and International Studies in Washington; "How Democracy’s Decline Would Undermine the International Order," CSIS; 7/15/16; https://www.csis.org/analysis/how-democracyE28099s-decline-would-undermine-international-order/~~ Justin AND Group of Developing Countries" within the United Nations to advocate their interests. 3~ Our civic engagement is key to comprehensive climate action globally.Fisher and Nasrin 20 ~Dana R; Professor of Sociology and the Director of the Program for Society and the Environment at the University of Maryland. Her research focuses on questions related to democracy, activism, and environmentalism — most recently studying climate activism, protests, and the American Resistance. Her research employs a mixed-methods approach that integrates data collected through open-ended semi-structured interviews and participant observation with various forms of survey data; Sohana; University of Maryland, College Park, UMD, UMCP, University of Maryland College Park · Philip Merrill College of Journalism Master of Arts; "Climate activism and its effects," Wiley Interdisciplinary Review; October 2020; https://www.researchgate.net/publication/345455893'Climate'activism'and'its'effects~~ Justin AND large, most of these strikes involve relatively small proportions of overall populations. Warming causes extinctionSpecktor 19 ~Brandon writes about the science of everyday life for Live Science, and previously for Reader's Digest magazine, where he served as an editor for five years~ 6-4-2019, "Human Civilization Will Crumble by 2050 If We Don't Stop Climate Change Now, New Paper Claims," livescience, https://www.livescience.com/65633-climate-change-dooms-humans-by-2050.html Justin AND and perhaps "the end of human global civilization as we know it." Put away your disads – the Aff outweighs.Pummer 15 ~Theron, Junior Research Fellow in Philosophy at St. Anne's College, University of Oxford. "Moral Agreement on Saving the World" Practical Ethics, University of Oxford. May 18, 2015~ AT AND be acting very wrongly." (From chapter 36 of On What Matters) AdvocacyThus the plan – Resolved: A just government ought to recognize an unconditional right of workers to strike. CX checks theory interps to avoid frivolous debates – otherwise I get an I meet.Definition of unconditional right to strike:NLRB 85 ~National Labor Relations Board; "Legislative History of the Labor Management Relations Act, 1947: Volume 1," Jan 1985; https://play.google.com/store/books/details?id=7o1tA''v4xwCandrdid=book-7o1tA''v4xwCandrdot=1~~ Justin AND health and welfare of our people in order to attain a selfish end. Enforcement through IFAs is normal means – that solves credibility concerns and legal loopholes which encourages striking.Neill 12 ~Emily CM; "The Right to Strike: How the United States Reduces it to the Freedom to Strike and How International Framework Agreements can Redeem it," 1/1/12; Labor and Employment Law Forum Volume 2 Issue 2 Article 6; https://digitalcommons.wcl.american.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?referer=https://www.google.com/andhttpsredir=1andarticle=1047andcontext=lelb~~ Justin AND for workers, but not one afforded the status of a protected right. FrameworkThe standard is maximizing life. Prefer it:Actor spec: util is the best for governments, which is the actor in the rez – multiple warrants:~a~ Governments must aggregate since every policy benefits some and harms others, which also means side constraints freeze action.~b~ No intent-foresight distinction – the actions we take are inevitably informed by predictions from certain mental states, meaning consequences are a collective part of the will.~c~ No act omission distinction – governments are responsible for everything in the public sphere and have yes/no bills so inaction is an implicit authorization of action.~d~ Actor-spec comes first since different agents have different ethical standings. Takes out util calc indicts since they’re empirically denied and link turns them because the alt is no action.~e~ Reject calc indicts—they’re functionally NIBs that everyone knows are silly but skew the aff and move the debate away from the topic and actual philosophical debate, killing valuable education. All indicts assume the Aff is true | 7/8/21 |
3 - NSD - Advantage - StockTournament: NSD | Round: 2 | Opponent: TraRob AA | Judge: Lauren Gilbert AdvantageGlobal democracy is collapsing now.Freedom House 3/3 ~Freedom House. Freedom House works to defend human rights and promote democratic change, with a focus on political rights and civil liberties. We act as a catalyst for freedom through a combination of analysis, advocacy, and action. Our analysis, focused on 13 central issues, is underpinned by our international program work. "New Report: The global decline in democracy has accelerated". 3-3-2021. . https://freedomhouse.org/article/new-report-global-decline-democracy-has-accelerated.~~ SJVM AND environments investigated government transgressions, and activists persisted in calling out undemocratic practices. The plan solves:1~ Civic engagement – strikes increase democratic participation which reinvigorates democracy.McElwee 15 ~Sean; Research Associate at Demos; "How Unions Boost Democratic Participation," The American Prospect; 9/16/15; https://prospect.org/labor/unions-boost-democratic-participation/~~ Justin AND a broad swath of the middle class largely unrepresented in the political process." 2~ Corruption reduction – the right to strike fights concentration of power while reducing inequality.IER 17 ~Institute of Employment Rights. The IER exists to inform the debate around trade union rights and labour law by providing information, critical analysis, and policy ideas through our network of academics, researchers and lawyers. "UN Rights Expert: Right to strike is essential to democracy". 3-10-2017. . https://www.ier.org.uk/news/un-rights-expert-right-strike-essential-democracy/.~~ SJVM AND this right, and a negative obligation not to interfere with its exercise." Democratic backsliding causes extinction.Kendall-Taylor 16 ~Andrea; Deputy national intelligence officer for Russia and Eurasia at the National Intelligence Council, Senior associate in the Human Rights Initiative at the Center for Strategic and International Studies in Washington; "How Democracy’s Decline Would Undermine the International Order," CSIS; 7/15/16; https://www.csis.org/analysis/how-democracyE28099s-decline-would-undermine-international-order/~~ Justin AND Group of Developing Countries" within the United Nations to advocate their interests. 3~ Our civic engagement is key to comprehensive climate action globally.Fisher and Nasrin 20 ~Dana R; Professor of Sociology and the Director of the Program for Society and the Environment at the University of Maryland. Her research focuses on questions related to democracy, activism, and environmentalism — most recently studying climate activism, protests, and the American Resistance. Her research employs a mixed-methods approach that integrates data collected through open-ended semi-structured interviews and participant observation with various forms of survey data; Sohana; University of Maryland, College Park, UMD, UMCP, University of Maryland College Park · Philip Merrill College of Journalism Master of Arts; "Climate activism and its effects," Wiley Interdisciplinary Review; October 2020; https://www.researchgate.net/publication/345455893'Climate'activism'and'its'effects~~ Justin AND large, most of these strikes involve relatively small proportions of overall populations. Warming causes extinctionSpecktor 19 ~Brandon writes about the science of everyday life for Live Science, and previously for Reader's Digest magazine, where he served as an editor for five years~ 6-4-2019, "Human Civilization Will Crumble by 2050 If We Don't Stop Climate Change Now, New Paper Claims," livescience, https://www.livescience.com/65633-climate-change-dooms-humans-by-2050.html Justin AND and perhaps "the end of human global civilization as we know it." | 7/8/21 |
3 - SEPTOCT - AC - KorsgaardTournament: Yale | Round: 2 | Opponent: Milton AT | Judge: Tajaih Robinson FrameworkEthics must begin a priori~A~ Empirical Uncertainty – evil demon could deceive us and inability to know others experience make empiricism an unreliable basis for universal ethics. Outweighs since it would be escapable since people could say they don’t experience the same.~B~ Constitutive Authority – The meta-ethic is bindingness. Practical reason is the only unescapable authority because to ask why I should be a reasoner concedes it’s authority since you’re actively reasoning.That justifies universality – a~ a priori principles like reason apply to everyone since they are independent of human experience and b~ any non-universalizable norm justifies someone’s ability to impede on your ends i.e. if I want to eat ice cream, I must recognize that others may affect my pursuit of that end. c~ Action under one framework doesn’t preclude another. I can still have an obligation under the categorical imperative, even if the aff is bad under Hobbes so framing issues don’t exclude the offense.Additionally:~A~ Ethical frameworks are topicality interpretations of the word ought so they must be theoretically justified. Prefer on resource disparities—focusing on evidence and statistics privileges debaters with the most preround prep excluding lone-wolfs who lack huge evidence files. A debater under my framework can easily be won without any prep since minimal evidence is required. That controls the internal link to other voters because a pre-req to debating is access to the activity.~B~ Only universalizable reason can effectively explain the perspectives of agents – that’s the best method for combatting oppression.Farr 02 Arnold Farr (prof of phil @ UKentucky, focusing on German idealism, philosophy of race, postmodernism, psychoanalysis, and liberation philosophy). "Can a Philosophy of Race Afford to Abandon the Kantian Categorical Imperative?" JOURNAL of SOCIAL PHILOSOPHY, Vol. 33 No. 1, Spring 2002, 17–32. AND choosing my maxims I attempt to include the perspective of other moral agents. Thus, the standard is consistency with the categorical imperative.~1~ Presumption and Permissibility affirm: a~ Statements are true before false since if I told you my name, you’d believe me. b~ If anything is permissible, then so is the aff since there is nothing prohibiting us.~2~ Consequences Fail: a~ Every action has infinite stemming consequences, because every consequence can cause another consequence so we can’t predict. b~ Induction is circular because it relies on the assumption that nature will hold uniform and we could only reach that conclusion through inductive reasoning based on observation of past events. c~ Every action is infinitely divisible, only intents unify because we commit the end point of an action – but consequences cannot determine what step of action is moral d~ Yes act/omission distinction – there are infinite events occurring over which you have no control, so you can never be moral~3~ Contesting offense under the Aff framework is a voting issue. Reciprocity – I have to win my framework and beat the NC before I can access case, whereas you can collapse to either layer or dump on offense for 7 minutes as a no-risk issue so there’s a skew. Key to fairness because it’s definitionally equal access to the ballot.~4~ If the aff is winning, then they get the ballot: Denying the antecedent proves the conclusion.Stanford No Date "an introduction to PHILOSOPHY Stanford University" https://web.stanford.edu/~~bobonich/dictionary/dictionary.html SJVM AND of true and false antecedents and consequents, the conditional statement is true. AdvocacyThus the plan, Resolved: The member nations of the World Trade Organization ought to reduce intellectual property protections for medicines during pandemics. Resolved is defined as firm in purpose or intent; determined and I’m determinedHere’s spec – enforcement through limited IP waivers solve – patent term extensions are normal means and solves innovation and scale-up.Young and Potts-Szeliga 21 ~Roberta; Counsel in Seyfarth’s Litigation department and Intellectual Property and Patent Litigation practice groups in Los Angeles; Jamaica Potts-Szeliga; Partner in Seyfarth’s Litigation department and Intellectual Property and Patent Litigation practice groups in Washington, DC. She also provides advice on FDA regulatory issues and is part of the firm’s Health Care, Life Sciences, and Pharmaceuticals team; "A Third Option: Limited IP Waiver Could Solve Our Pandemic Vaccine Problems," IP Watch Dog; 7/21/21; https://www.ipwatchdog.com/2021/07/21/third-option-limited-ip-waiver-solve-pandemic-vaccine-problems/id=135732/~~ Justin AND deter the technological investment to create life-saving solutions in the future. Offense~1~ IPP unjustifiably restricts agents from setting and pursuing ends in healthcare because patents prevent people from taking part in scientific advancements in medicine – that violates freedom in multiple waysHale 18 (Zachary Hale, 4-4-2018, accessed on 8-22-2021, The Arkansas Journal of Social Change and Public Service, "Patently Unfair: The Tensions Between Human Rights and Intellectual Property Protection - The Arkansas Journal of Social Change and Public Service", https://ualr.edu/socialchange/2018/04/04/patently-unfair/) BHHS AK AND to the most fundamental of all human rights: the right to life. ~2~ IPP is inconsistent with free market principlesKinsella 11 (Stephan Kinsella, 5-25-2011, accessed on 8-23-2021, Foundation for Economic Education, "How Intellectual Property Hampers the Free Market | N. Stephan Kinsella", https://fee.org/articles/how-intellectual-property-hampers-the-free-market/) BHHS AK AND own property. Is that compatible with private property and the free market? That affirms: Free market economies are the only ones that allow people to be free to pursue their own interests.Richman 12 ~Sheldon Richman, 8-5-2012, "The Free Market Doesn't Need Government Regulation," Reason, https://reason.com/2012/08/05/the-free-market-doesnt-need-government-r/~~ SJ AME AND people in the market care about. Not so regulation by market forces. ~3~ IPP is nonuniversalizable – universalizing the act of restricting the production of a certain medicine terminates in a contradiction because it entails that you restrict your own ability to produce the medicineUnderview~1~ Aff gets 1AR theory since the neg can be infinitely abusive and I can’t check back. Aff theory is drop the debater, competing interps, and the highest layer since the 1ar is too short to win both theory and substance and reasonability bites intervention since it’s up to the judge to determine. No 2NR RVI, paradigm issues, theory, evidence, or new responses to AC arguments since they’d dump on it for 6 minutes and my 3-minute 2AR is spread too thin. Judges resolve 1AR theory all the time and reasonably determine what’s new – answers intervention. No RVIs on AC arguments – incentivizes a 7 minute collapse that decks 1AR strategy.=====~2~ Fairness is a voter: A~ Debate’s a competitive game and requires objective evaluation. B~ Fairness best coheres a winner since if one debater had ten minutes to speak and the other had three there would be incongruence that alters ability to judge the better debater ===== ~4~ Additionally – reject endorsement of consequentalism: a~ it justifies atrocities since it justifies allowing us to harm some for the benefit of others – even if they spew some pain quantifiability argument that doesn’t solve since there are still instances some get great benefit from others harm. b~ it can’t justify intrinsic wrongness – We can’t know whether our action was good until we’ve evaluated the states of affairs they’ve produced since it’s based on the outcome of the action, i.e., if asked the question "is genocide okay?" a utilitarian would not be able to say yes because there are situations in which it would be morally obligatory to do so if it maximized pleasure. Probability doesn’t solve because that just allows for moral error and freezes action while attempting to calculate the perfect decision. | 9/18/21 |
3 - SEPTOCT - AC - Vaccine DiplomacyTournament: Yale | Round: 3 | Opponent: West Des Moines Valley JS | Judge: Ananya Natchukuri 1AC – AdvAmerican vaccine diplomacy is failing in Latin America – that allows for Chinese influence. Only the plan can return the world back to a US led order.Carman and Carl 6/15 ~Ezequiel and Joseph; Argentine lawyer and global health and trade policy consultant. Previously, he served as a legal advisor to the Ministry of Justice of Buenos Aires, an assistant professor of international public law at the Universidad Católica Argentina, and a research assistant at the O’Neill Institute for National and Global Health Law; Graduate of Liberty University, where he studied international relations and strategic international studies. He has worked for the U.S. Department of State and the Heritage Foundation; "A U.S. vaccine diplomacy strategy for Latin America and the Caribbean," Global Americans; 6/15/21; https://theglobalamericans.org/2021/06/a-u-s-vaccine-diplomacy-strategy-for-latin-america-and-the-caribbean/~~ Justin AND agreements have proven successful in achieving similar public perceptions of transparency and accountability. It's not over – Latin America is still skeptical of Chinese aid but lack of US presence means it’s the only choice – try or die to capitalize on this weakness.Kneip 8/10 ~Lucie; Student at the University of Notre Dame studying Political Science and Global Affairs. Her research interests include U.S. foreign policy and democratization, civil and criminal warfare, and the intersection of religion and politics; "China’s Vaccine Diplomacy in Latin America," The Diplomat; 8/10/21; https://thediplomat.com/2021/08/chinas-vaccine-diplomacy-in-latin-america/~~ Justin AND Washington has an opportunity to rebound by increasing the pace of vaccine donations. Chinese influence ends the liberal order.Cossu 7/16 ~Elena; Early-stage researcher for the MSCA Innovative Training Network FATIGUE, PhD candidate in economics at Corvinus University of Budapest and recently finished her year as a visiting researcher at University College London and at the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development. Elena comes from a place culturally in between Germany and Italy. She has also had experience working in Greece, France, Latin America, Thailand, and Hungary. Elena is passionate about political and economic inequalities between states, and about understanding what prevents the political and economic convergence of different peripheries of the world; "In Latin America, Chinese vaccine diplomacy is directly challenging US’s declining authority," Scroll.in; 7/16/20; https://scroll.in/article/1000114/in-latin-america-chinese-vaccine-diplomacy-is-directly-challenging-uss-declining-authority~~ Justin AND "bad" and more concerned with the concrete opportunities different choices offer. Collapse of the liberal order causes extinction.Yulis 17 ~Max; Major in PoliSci, Penn Political Review; "In Defense of Liberal Internationalism," Penn Political Review; 4/8/17; http://pennpoliticalreview.org/2017/04/in-defense-of-liberal-internationalism/~~ Re-Cut Justin AND limelight to advocate the virtues of peace, stability, and human rights. Yes transition wars—-both sides miscalculate.Min-hyung Kim 20. Department of Political Science and International Relations, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea. "A real driver of US–China trade conflict: The Sino–US competition for global hegemony and its implications for the future" Emerald Insight. 02-04-2019. https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/ITPD-02-2019-003/full/html Re-Cut Justin AND its hegemony such as reducing its commitments abroad and appeasing a rising challenger. 1AC – PlanThus the plan, Resolved: The member nations of the World Trade Organization ought to reduce intellectual property protections for medicines.Enforcement through limited IP waivers solve – patent term extensions are normal means and solves innovation and scale-up.Young and Potts-Szeliga 21 ~Roberta; Counsel in Seyfarth’s Litigation department and Intellectual Property and Patent Litigation practice groups in Los Angeles; Jamaica Potts-Szeliga; Partner in Seyfarth’s Litigation department and Intellectual Property and Patent Litigation practice groups in Washington, DC. She also provides advice on FDA regulatory issues and is part of the firm’s Health Care, Life Sciences, and Pharmaceuticals team; "A Third Option: Limited IP Waiver Could Solve Our Pandemic Vaccine Problems," IP Watch Dog; 7/21/21; https://www.ipwatchdog.com/2021/07/21/third-option-limited-ip-waiver-solve-pandemic-vaccine-problems/id=135732/~~ Justin AND deter the technological investment to create life-saving solutions in the future. WTO and members.Javaid 21 ~Arfa; 7/30/21; Academic content writer with 2+ years of experience in in the writing and editing industry. She is a Blogger, Youtuber and a published writer at YourQuote, Nojoto, UC News, NewsDog, and writers on competitive test preparation topics at jagranjosh.com; "World Trade Organization (WTO): What is it and how does it work?," Josh, https://www.jagranjosh.com/general-knowledge/world-trade-organization-wto-all-you-need-to-know-1627564483-1~~ Justin AND , or organization that has joined a group, society, or team. Intellectual property protections areUSFG 14 ~(US Mission to International Organizations in Geneva) "Key Forms of Intellectual Property Protection," 4/24/2014~ JL AND enable owners, inventors and creators to protect their property from unauthorized use. Medicine isLexico ND ~(Lexico dictionary) https://www.lexico.com/definition/medicine~~ BC "To" —used to indicate that the following verb is in the infinitive formhttps://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/to==== | 9/18/21 |
3 - SEPTOCT - Advantage - PandemicsTournament: Yale | Round: 2 | Opponent: Milton AT | Judge: Tajaih Robinson AdvantageAmerican vaccine diplomacy is failing in Latin America – that allows for Chinese influence. Only the plan can return the world back to a US led order.Carman and Carl 6/15 ~Ezequiel and Joseph; Argentine lawyer and global health and trade policy consultant. Previously, he served as a legal advisor to the Ministry of Justice of Buenos Aires, an assistant professor of international public law at the Universidad Catolica Argentina, and a research assistant at the O’Neill Institute for National and Global Health Law; Graduate of Liberty University, where he studied international relations and strategic international studies. He has worked for the U.S. Department of State and the Heritage Foundation; "A U.S. vaccine diplomacy strategy for Latin America and the Caribbean," Global Americans; 6/15/21; https://theglobalamericans.org/2021/06/a-u-s-vaccine-diplomacy-strategy-for-latin-america-and-the-caribbean/~~ Justin AND agreements have proven successful in achieving similar public perceptions of transparency and accountability. It's not over – Latin America is still skeptical of Chinese aid but lack of US presence means it’s the only choice.Kneip 8/10 ~Lucie; Student at the University of Notre Dame studying Political Science and Global Affairs. Her research interests include U.S. foreign policy and democratization, civil and criminal warfare, and the intersection of religion and politics; "China’s Vaccine Diplomacy in Latin America," The Diplomat; 8/10/21; https://thediplomat.com/2021/08/chinas-vaccine-diplomacy-in-latin-america/~~ Justin AND Washington has an opportunity to rebound by increasing the pace of vaccine donations. Chinese influence ends the liberal order.Cossu 7/16 ~Elena; Early-stage researcher for the MSCA Innovative Training Network FATIGUE, PhD candidate in economics at Corvinus University of Budapest and recently finished her year as a visiting researcher at University College London and at the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development. Elena comes from a place culturally in between Germany and Italy. She has also had experience working in Greece, France, Latin America, Thailand, and Hungary. Elena is passionate about political and economic inequalities between states, and about understanding what prevents the political and economic convergence of different peripheries of the world; "In Latin America, Chinese vaccine diplomacy is directly challenging US’s declining authority," Scroll.in; 7/16/20; https://scroll.in/article/1000114/in-latin-america-chinese-vaccine-diplomacy-is-directly-challenging-uss-declining-authority~~ Justin AND "bad" and more concerned with the concrete opportunities different choices offer. Collapse of the liberal order causes extinction.Yulis 17 ~Max; Major in PoliSci, Penn Political Review; "In Defense of Liberal Internationalism," Penn Political Review; 4/8/17; http://pennpoliticalreview.org/2017/04/in-defense-of-liberal-internationalism/~~ Re-Cut Justin AND limelight to advocate the virtues of peace, stability, and human rights. | 9/18/21 |
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