Strake Jesuit Chetty Aff
| Tournament | Round | Opponent | Judge | Cites | Round Report | Open Source | Edit/Delete |
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| 48th Annual Harvard National Forensics Tournament | 2 | Tampa-Jesuit RJ | Mattias Durn |
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| 48th Annual Harvard National Forensics Tournament | 4 | Catonsville AT | Jacob Thomas |
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| Golden Desert Debate Tournament at UNLV | 2 | Marlborough LK | Shampurna Mitra |
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| Golden Desert Debate Tournament at UNLV | 4 | Marlborough WR | Isaac Chao |
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| Golden Desert Debate Tournament at UNLV | 6 | Marlborough MS | Andrew Torrez |
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| Golden Desert Debate Tournament at UNLV | Doubles | Plano East RP | Bennett Fees - Sim Guerrero - Andrew Halverson |
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| Holy Cross | Quarters | Shady Side NP | Sydney Nelson - Cyprian Dumas - Ramakoti Vaddula |
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| Holy Cross | 1 | Livingston RB | Tiffany Dacheux |
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| Holy Cross | 4 | Carnegie Vanguard LH | Cyprian Dumas |
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| Holy Cross | 6 | Harrison MB | Oliver Ranner |
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| St Marks | 1 | Northland Christian LB | Gordon Krauss |
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| The 47th Churchill Classic TOC and NIETOC Qualifier | 4 | ClaTay Michael Reichle | Blake Ochoa |
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| The 47th Churchill Classic TOC and NIETOC Qualifier | 1 | StMar Rohith Siddabattula | Breigh Plat |
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| The 47th Churchill Classic TOC and NIETOC Qualifier | 6 | SanDay William Walker | Harley Hensley |
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| The Longhorn Classic | 3 | Round Rock Nari Choi | Nandak Dhurjati |
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| The Longhorn Classic | 2 | Austin SFA Lola Shmeis | Charlie Jackson |
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| Tournament of Champions | 3 | Sidwell SW | Jack Daou |
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| UK | 1 | Cary NS | Jacob Palmer |
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| UK | 3 | Cary CP | Eva Lamberson |
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| UK | 6 | Durham RL | Ki Radcliffe |
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| University of Houston Cougar Classic | 1 | CooCit NR | Alexander Yoakum |
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| University of Houston Cougar Classic | 4 | Bridge ZT | Isaac Chao |
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| University of Houston Cougar Classic | 5 | Woodlands ST | Isaiah Salgado |
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| na | Finals | Contact | Info |
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| Tournament | Round | Report |
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| 48th Annual Harvard National Forensics Tournament | 2 | Opponent: Tampa-Jesuit RJ | Judge: Mattias Durn 1AC - Lay |
| 48th Annual Harvard National Forensics Tournament | 4 | Opponent: Catonsville AT | Judge: Jacob Thomas 1AC - Debris V4 |
| Golden Desert Debate Tournament at UNLV | 2 | Opponent: Marlborough LK | Judge: Shampurna Mitra 1AC - Debris V3 |
| Golden Desert Debate Tournament at UNLV | 4 | Opponent: Marlborough WR | Judge: Isaac Chao 1AC - Debris V3 |
| Golden Desert Debate Tournament at UNLV | 6 | Opponent: Marlborough MS | Judge: Andrew Torrez 1AC - Debris V3 |
| Golden Desert Debate Tournament at UNLV | Doubles | Opponent: Plano East RP | Judge: Bennett Fees - Sim Guerrero - Andrew Halverson 1AC - Debris V3 |
| Holy Cross | Quarters | Opponent: Shady Side NP | Judge: Sydney Nelson - Cyprian Dumas - Ramakoti Vaddula 1AC - Pandemics |
| Holy Cross | 1 | Opponent: Livingston RB | Judge: Tiffany Dacheux 1AC - Stock Aff |
| Holy Cross | 4 | Opponent: Carnegie Vanguard LH | Judge: Cyprian Dumas 1AC - Stock Aff |
| Holy Cross | 6 | Opponent: Harrison MB | Judge: Oliver Ranner 1AC - Lay Aff |
| St Marks | 1 | Opponent: Northland Christian LB | Judge: Gordon Krauss 1AC - Stock |
| The 47th Churchill Classic TOC and NIETOC Qualifier | 4 | Opponent: ClaTay Michael Reichle | Judge: Blake Ochoa 1AC - Debris |
| The 47th Churchill Classic TOC and NIETOC Qualifier | 1 | Opponent: StMar Rohith Siddabattula | Judge: Breigh Plat 1AC - Debris |
| The 47th Churchill Classic TOC and NIETOC Qualifier | 6 | Opponent: SanDay William Walker | Judge: Harley Hensley 1AC - Debris |
| The Longhorn Classic | 3 | Opponent: Round Rock Nari Choi | Judge: Nandak Dhurjati 1AC - Stock |
| The Longhorn Classic | 2 | Opponent: Austin SFA Lola Shmeis | Judge: Charlie Jackson 1AC - Stock |
| UK | 1 | Opponent: Cary NS | Judge: Jacob Palmer 1AC - Pandemics |
| UK | 3 | Opponent: Cary CP | Judge: Eva Lamberson 1AC - Pandemics Aff |
| UK | 6 | Opponent: Durham RL | Judge: Ki Radcliffe 1AC - Pandemics Aff |
| University of Houston Cougar Classic | 1 | Opponent: CooCit NR | Judge: Alexander Yoakum 1AC - Debris |
| University of Houston Cougar Classic | 4 | Opponent: Bridge ZT | Judge: Isaac Chao 1AC - Debris V2 |
| University of Houston Cougar Classic | 5 | Opponent: Woodlands ST | Judge: Isaiah Salgado 1AC - Debris V2 |
| na | Finals | Opponent: Contact | Judge: Info Hey I'm Rushil (hehim) |
To modify or delete round reports, edit the associated round.
Cites
| Entry | Date |
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Contact InformationTournament: na | Round: Finals | Opponent: Contact | Judge: Info | 1/8/22 |
JF - DebrisTournament: The 47th Churchill Classic TOC and NIETOC Qualifier | Round: 1 | Opponent: StMar Rohith Siddabattula | Judge: Breigh Plat 1AC – Adv – Debris ~Long/Spam Impacts~The advantage is Debris –Privatization of space leads to unchecked debris.Muelhaupt et al. 19 – Theodore, Marlon Sorge, Jamie Morin, and Robert Wilson, 6/18/19, Center for Orbital and Reentry Debris Studies, Center for Space Policy and Strategy, The Aerospace Corporation, 30 year Space Systems Analyst and Operator, ~"Space traffic management in the new space era," Journal of Space Safety Engineering, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S246889671930045X?via3Dihub~~ Justin AND a handful of actual collisions will occur, the warnings cannot be ignored. Feedback loops of technology causes increasing development and debris.Bernat 20 – Pawel, 2020, Military University of Aviation, ~"ORBITAL SATELLITE CONSTELLATIONS AND THE GROWING THREAT OF KESSLER SYNDROME IN THE LOWER EARTH ORBIT," SAFETY ENGINEERING OF ANTHROPOGENIC OBJECTS, Volume 4, PDF~ Justin AND constellations and how they contribute to the growing threat of the Kessler syndrome. Invisible tipping points trigger the Kessler Syndrome.Thompson 21 – Clive, 11/17/21, Clive Thompson is a contributing writer for the New York Times Magazine, a columnist for Wired and Smithsonian magazines, and a regular contributor to Mother Jones. He’s the author of Coders: The Making of a New Tribe and the Remaking of the World, and Smarter Than You Think: How Technology is Changing our Minds for the Better. He’s @pomeranian99 on Twitter and Instagram, ~"Get Ready for the "Kessler Syndrome" to Wreck Outer Space," OneZero, https://onezero.medium.com/get-ready-for-the-kessler-syndrome-to-wreck-outer-space-7f29cfe62c3e~~ Justin AND orbit but unintentional ones — bits of rocket parts and detritus from launches. Privatization exponentially increases the curve but ending dangerous missions stops it.Bernat 20 – Pawel, 2020, Military University of Aviation, ~"ORBITAL SATELLITE CONSTELLATIONS AND THE GROWING THREAT OF KESSLER SYNDROME IN THE LOWER EARTH ORBIT," SAFETY ENGINEERING OF ANTHROPOGENIC OBJECTS, Volume 4, PDF~ Justin AND the global level, apart from first-come, first-served. Debris triggers miscalculated war.Peter Dockrill 16. Award-winning science and technology journalist. "Space Junk Accidents Could Trigger Armed Conflict, Study Finds." https://www.sciencealert.com/space-junk-accidents-could-trigger-armed-conflict-expert-warns. AND adversaries. "This is a politically dangerous dilemma," the authors write. Any nuclear war causes extinction – ice age and famine.Steven Starr 15 ~Director of the University of Missouri’s Clinical Laboratory Science Program, as well as a senior scientist at the Physicians for Social Responsibility. He has worked with the Swiss, Chilean, and Swedish governments in support of their efforts at the United Nations to eliminate thousands of high-alert, launch-ready U.S. and Russian nuclear weapons. "Nuclear War: An Unrecognized Mass Extinction Event Waiting To Happen." Ratical. March 2015. https://ratical.org/radiation/NuclearExtinction/StevenStarr022815.html~~ TG AND the operational and deployed nuclear arsenals, will leave the Earth essentially uninhabitable. 1AC – PlanPlan – The appropriation of outer space through the production of space debris by private entities is unjust.Revising the Outer Space Treaty curbs the impact of space debris – timeframe is crucial.Shah 20 – Sachin, 8/30/20, ~"Aug 30 The International Legal Regulation of Space Debris," CORNELL UNDERGRADUATE LAW and SOCIETY REVIEW, Administrative, Policy, Technology, https://www.culsr.org/articles/the-international-legal-regulation-of-space-debris~~ Justin AND action can accomplish these goals, but lack thereof may result in disaster. Private entities are non-governmental.Dunk 11 – Frans G. von der Dunk, 2011, ~"The Origins of Authorisation: Article VI of the Outer Space Treaty and International Space Law," University of Nebraska~ Justin AND . Partly, this was the consequence of key principles being left undefined. Exemptions destroy the coercive power of legal regimes – causes circumvention across the board.Hickman and Dolman 2 – John and Everett, 2002, Associate professor in the Department of Government and International Studies at Berry College in Mt. Berry, ~"Resurrecting the Space Age: A State–Centered Commentary on the Outer Space Regime," Volume 21 Number 1, https://doi.org/10.1080/014959302317350855~~ Elmer Recut Justin AND rushes to stake claims for territory sovereignty in other celestial bodies might follow. FWThe standard is maximizing life. Prefer it:~1~ Actor spec: util is the best for governments, which is the actor in the rez – multiple warrants:~a~ Governments must aggregate since every policy benefits some and harms others, which also means side constraints freeze action.~b~ No intent-foresight distinction – the actions we take are inevitably informed by predictions from certain mental states, meaning consequences are a collective part of the will.~c~ No act omission distinction – governments are responsible for everything in the public sphere and have yes/no bills so inaction is an implicit authorization of action.~d~ Actor-spec comes first since different agents have different ethical standings. Takes out util calc indicts since they’re empirically denied and link turns them because the alt is no action.~e~ Reject calc indicts—they’re functionally NIBs that everyone knows are silly but skew the aff and move the debate away from the topic and actual philosophical debate, killing valuable education. All indicts assume the Aff is true.~f~ Action under one framework doesn’t preclude another. I can still have an obligation under Util, even if the aff is bad under Kant. Framing issues don’t exclude the offense.~2~ Death outweighs— A~ agents can’t act if they fear for their bodily security. B~ biological life is a prerequisite to any alternative advocacy.Paterson 3 – Department of Philosophy, Providence College, Rhode Island (Craig, "A Life Not Worth Living?", Studies in Christian Ethics. AND the person, the very source and condition of all human possibility.82 ~3~ Extinction outweighs under any frameworkPummer 15 ~Theron, Junior Research Fellow in Philosophy at St. Anne's College, University of Oxford. "Moral Agreement on Saving the World" Practical Ethics, University of Oxford. May 18, 2015~ AT AND be acting very wrongly." (From chapter 36 of On What Matters) Underview1~ Aff gets 1AR theory, Drop the Debater, and no RVIs – 1AR theory is the only recourse to check back infinite NC abuse, since it’s impossible to preempt NC abuse within the AC. Aff gets drop the debater, since 1AR is too short to win both theory and substance, and 2N doesn’t get RVIs, since RVIs uniquely deter the 1AR from checking NC abuse since the 1A knows the 2N can spend 6 minutes on the RVI and win. | 1/8/22 |
JF - Debris - V2Tournament: University of Houston Cougar Classic | Round: 1 | Opponent: CooCit NR | Judge: Alexander Yoakum 1AC – Adv – DebrisThe advantage is Debris –Privatization of space leads to unchecked debris.Muelhaupt et al. 19 – Theodore, Marlon Sorge, Jamie Morin, and Robert Wilson, 6/18/19, Center for Orbital and Reentry Debris Studies, Center for Space Policy and Strategy, The Aerospace Corporation, 30 year Space Systems Analyst and Operator, ~"Space traffic management in the new space era," Journal of Space Safety Engineering, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S246889671930045X?via3Dihub~~ Justin Feedback loops of technology causes increasing development and debris.Bernat 20 – Pawel, 2020, Military University of Aviation, ~"ORBITAL SATELLITE CONSTELLATIONS AND THE GROWING THREAT OF KESSLER SYNDROME IN THE LOWER EARTH ORBIT," SAFETY ENGINEERING OF ANTHROPOGENIC OBJECTS, Volume 4, PDF~ Justin Invisible tipping points trigger the Kessler Syndrome.Thompson 21 – Clive, 11/17/21, Clive Thompson is a contributing writer for the New York Times Magazine, a columnist for Wired and Smithsonian magazines, and a regular contributor to Mother Jones. He's the author of Coders: The Making of a New Tribe and the Remaking of the World, and Smarter Than You Think: How Technology is Changing our Minds for the Better. He's @pomeranian99 on Twitter and Instagram, ~"Get Ready for the "Kessler Syndrome" to Wreck Outer Space," OneZero, https://onezero.medium.com/get-ready-for-the-kessler-syndrome-to-wreck-outer-space-7f29cfe62c3e~~ Justin Privatization exponentially increases the curve but ending dangerous missions stops it.Bernat 20 – Pawel, 2020, Military University of Aviation, ~"ORBITAL SATELLITE CONSTELLATIONS AND THE GROWING THREAT OF KESSLER SYNDROME IN THE LOWER EARTH ORBIT," SAFETY ENGINEERING OF ANTHROPOGENIC OBJECTS, Volume 4, PDF~ Justin Models are rigorous and robust.—-To clarify this is the methodology for above chart. Debris triggers miscalculated war.Peter Dockrill 16. Award-winning science and technology journalist. "Space Junk Accidents Could Trigger Armed Conflict, Study Finds." https://www.sciencealert.com/space-junk-accidents-could-trigger-armed-conflict-expert-warns. Specifically—-China, Iran, and Noko.Beauchamp 14 – Zack, 4/21/14, Zack Beauchamp is a senior correspondent at Vox, where he covers global politics and ideology, and a host of Worldly, Vox's podcast on foreign policy and international relations. His work focuses on the rise of the populist right across the West, the role of identity in American politics, and how fringe ideologies shape the mainstream. Before coming to Vox, he edited TP Ideas, a section of Think Progress devoted to the ideas shaping our political world. He has an MSc from the London School of Economics in International Relations and grew up in Washington, DC, where he currently lives with his wife, daughter, and two (rescue) dogs ~"How space trash could start a nuclear war," Vox, https://www.vox.com/2014/4/21/5625246/space-war-china-north-korea-iran~~ Justin *Brackets added for ableist language Public pressure forces retaliation.Nancy Gallagher 15. Interim director of the Center for International and Security Studies in Maryland, previous Executive Director of the Clinton Administration's CTBT Treaty Committee, an arms control specialist at the State Dept., and a faculty member at Wesleyan, "Antisatellite warfare without nuclear risk: A mirage," May 29, Bulletin of Atomic Scientists, http://thebulletin.org/space-weapons-and-risk-nuclear-exchanges8346 Any nuclear war causes extinction – ice age and famine.Steven Starr 15 ~Director of the University of Missouri's Clinical Laboratory Science Program, as well as a senior scientist at the Physicians for Social Responsibility. He has worked with the Swiss, Chilean, and Swedish governments in support of their efforts at the United Nations to eliminate thousands of high-alert, launch-ready U.S. and Russian nuclear weapons. "Nuclear War: An Unrecognized Mass Extinction Event Waiting To Happen." Ratical. March 2015. https://ratical.org/radiation/NuclearExtinction/StevenStarr022815.html~~ TG Satellites solves the grid and every extinction threat.Pellegrino and Stang 16 —- Massimo Pellegrino, Master's Degree in Space Studies from ISU, with Gerald Stang, Senior Associate Analyst at the EUISS, holds BSc and MSc degrees in chemical engineering from the University of Saskatchewan and an MA in international affairs from the School of International and Public Affairs at Columbia University ("Space Security for Europe", EU Institute for Security Studies, published July 2016, https://www.iss.europa.eu/content/space-security-europe, accessed 7-10-2019) bm Grid collapse causes extinction.Friedemann 16 —- Alice, transportation expert, founder of EnergySkeptic.com, citing Dr Peter Vincent Pry, executive director of the Task Force on National and Homeland Security, a Congressional advisory board dedicated to achieving protection of the United States from electromagnetic pulse and other threats, ("Electromagnetic pulse threat to infrastructure (U.S. House hearings)", 1-24-2016, http://energyskeptic.com/2016/the-scariest-u-s-house-session-ever-electromagnetic-pulse-and-the-fall-of-civilization/) Externally, acidification.Land et al 15 —- Phys.org, citing a study sanctioned by the University of Exeter by Peter E. Land, Jamie D. Shutler, Helen S. Findlay, Fanny Girard-Ardhuin, Roberto Sabia, Nicolas Reul, Jean-Francois Piolle, Bertrand Chapron, Yves Quilfen, Joseph Salisbury, Douglas Vandemark, Richard Bellerby, and Punyasloke Bhadury ("Satellite images reveal ocean acidification from space," 2-17-2015, https://phys.org/news/2015-02-satellite-images-reveal-ocean-acidification.html, accessed 8-24-2019) bm Extinction.Merchant 15 (Brian, Senior Editor, Motherboard at VICE Media, Inc. He's appeared on CNN, MSNBC, BBC World News, and NPR, VICE, April 9, 2015, http://motherboard.vice.com/read/the-last-time-our-oceans-got-this-acidic-it-drove-earths-greatest-extinction) 1AC – PlanPlan – The appropriation of outer space through the production of space debris by private entities is unjust.Revising the Outer Space Treaty curbs the impact of space debris – timeframe is crucial.Shah 20 – Sachin, 8/30/20, ~"Aug 30 The International Legal Regulation of Space Debris," CORNELL UNDERGRADUATE LAW and SOCIETY REVIEW, Administrative, Policy, Technology, https://www.culsr.org/articles/the-international-legal-regulation-of-space-debris~~ Justin Private entities are non-governmental.Dunk 11 – Frans G. von der Dunk, 2011, ~"The Origins of Authorisation: Article VI of the Outer Space Treaty and International Space Law," University of Nebraska~ Justin Exemptions destroy the coercive power of legal regimes – causes circumvention across the board.Hickman and Dolman 2 – John and Everett, 2002, Associate professor in the Department of Government and International Studies at Berry College in Mt. Berry, ~"Resurrecting the Space Age: A State–Centered Commentary on the Outer Space Regime," Volume 21 Number 1, https://doi.org/10.1080/014959302317350855~~ Elmer Recut Justin FWThe standard is maximizing life. Prefer it:~1~ Actor spec: util is the best for governments, which is the actor in the rez – multiple warrants:~a~ Governments must aggregate since every policy benefits some and harms others, which also means side constraints freeze action.~b~ No intent-foresight distinction – the actions we take are inevitably informed by predictions from certain mental states, meaning consequences are a collective part of the will.~c~ No act omission distinction – governments are responsible for everything in the public sphere and have yes/no bills so inaction is an implicit authorization of action.~d~ Actor-spec comes first since different agents have different ethical standings. Takes out util calc indicts since they're empirically denied and link turns them because the alt is no action.~e~ Reject calc indicts—they're functionally NIBs that everyone knows are silly but skew the aff and move the debate away from the topic and actual philosophical debate, killing valuable education. All indicts assume the Aff is true.~f~ Action under one framework doesn't preclude another. I can still have an obligation under Util, even if the aff is bad under Kant. Framing issues don't exclude the offense.~2~ Death outweighs— A~ agents can't act if they fear for their bodily security. B~ biological life is a prerequisite to any alternative advocacy.Paterson 3 – Department of Philosophy, Providence College, Rhode Island (Craig, "A Life Not Worth Living?", Studies in Christian Ethics. ~3~ Extinction outweighs under any frameworkPummer 15 ~Theron, Junior Research Fellow in Philosophy at St. Anne's College, University of Oxford. "Moral Agreement on Saving the World" Practical Ethics, University of Oxford. May 18, 2015~ AT Underview1~ Aff gets 1AR theory, Drop the Debater, and no RVIs – 1AR theory is the only recourse to check back infinite NC abuse, since it's impossible to preempt NC abuse within the AC. Aff gets drop the debater, since 1AR is too short to win both theory and substance, and 2N doesn't get RVIs, since RVIs uniquely deter the 1AR from checking NC abuse since the 1A knows the 2N can spend 6 minutes on the RVI and win.2~ The alt cedes the celestial commons to the hands of global imperialism. Only IR education can create momentum to demilitarize space.Raymond Duvall 6 – Professor of Political Science @ Univ of Minnesota, Taking Sovereignty Out of This World: Space Weapons and Empire of the Future, October 2006, https://www.files.ethz.ch/isn/111193/Taking20Sovereignty20Out20of20This20World.pdf | 1/14/22 |
JF - Debris - V3Tournament: Golden Desert Debate Tournament at UNLV | Round: 2 | Opponent: Marlborough LK | Judge: Shampurna Mitra 1ACThe advantage is debris:Massive satellite development incoming and cascades debris – lack of regulations raises the risk and turns any reason satellites are good.Hattenbach 19. Jan Hattenbach sat down with Stijn Lemmens, Senior Space Debris Mitigation Analyst at the European Space Agency (ESA) in Darmstadt, Germany, to talk about how Starlink plays into the space junk problem. 6/3/19. ~Sky Telescope, "DOES STARLINK POSE A SPACE DEBRIS THREAT? AN EXPERT ANSWERS," https://skyandtelescope.org/astronomy-news/starlink-space-debris/~~ Justin Democratization of technology spurs rapid development – feedback loops ensures debris cascadesBERNAT 20. Pawel @ Military University of Aviation. 11/4/20. ~SAFETY ENGINEERING OF ANTHROPOGENIC OBJECTS, "ORBITAL SATELLITE CONSTELLATIONS AND THE GROWING THREAT OF KESSLER SYNDROME IN THE LOWER EARTH ORBIT," Volume 4, PDF~ Justin Privatization drive rivalries and exponentially increases debris – lack of regulations spikes it.BERNAT 20. Pawel @ Military University of Aviation. 11/4/20. ~SAFETY ENGINEERING OF ANTHROPOGENIC OBJECTS, "ORBITAL SATELLITE CONSTELLATIONS AND THE GROWING THREAT OF KESSLER SYNDROME IN THE LOWER EARTH ORBIT," Volume 4, PDF~ Justin That drives a space arms race which enhances the risk of debris cascades, closes off space exploration, and causes conflict.Shah 20. Sachin Shah is a write for Cornell Undergraduate Law and Society Review. 8/30/20 ~CORNELL UNDERGRADUATE LAW and SOCIETY REVIEW "The International Legal Regulation of Space Debris," https://www.culsr.org/articles/the-international-legal-regulation-of-space-debris~~ Justin Space exploration solves a laundry list of threats.GREEN 21. Brian Patrick Green, director of technology ethics @ Markkula Center for Applied Ethics, Santa Clara University, "Space Ethics," 2021, Rowman, pp. 5 There are no checks on mega-constellations – specifically decks the environment.Boley and Byers 21. Aaron Boley is at the Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada and Michael Byers is at the Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada. 5/20/21. ~Nature, "Satellite mega-constellations create risks in Low Earth Orbit, the atmosphere and on Earth," https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-021-89909-7~~ Justin Climate change causes extinction.Dr. Peter Kareiva 18 – Ph.D. in Ecology and Applied Mathematics from Cornell University, Director of the Institute of the Environment and Sustainability at UCLA, Pritzker Distinguished Professor in Environment and Sustainability at UCLA, et al., September 2018, "Existential Risk Due To Ecosystem Collapse: Nature Strikes Back", Futures, Volume 102, p. 39-50 Satellites solves the grid and every extinction scenario.Pellegrino and Stang 16. Massimo Pellegrino, Master's Degree in Space Studies from ISU, with Gerald Stang, Senior Associate Analyst at the EUISS, holds BSc and MSc degrees in chemical engineering from the University of Saskatchewan and an MA in international affairs from the School of International and Public Affairs at Columbia University ("Space Security for Europe", EU Institute for Security Studies, published July 2016, https://www.iss.europa.eu/content/space-security-europe, accessed 7-10-2019) bm Cyberattacks on the grid spiral to all-out nuclear conflict.Klare 19 ~Michael; November 2019; Professor emeritus of peace and world security studies at Hampshire College; "Cyber Battles, Nuclear Outcomes? Dangerous New Pathways to Escalation," Arms Control Association, https://www.armscontrol.org/act/2019-11/features/cyber-battles-nuclear-outcomes-dangerous-new-pathways-escalation~~ Justin Debris shuts down astronomical research – only the plan incentivizes safe development.TURNER 21. Ben is a U.K. based staff writer at Live Science. He covers physics and astronomy, among other topics like weird animals and climate change. He graduated from University College London with a degree in particle physics before training as a journalist. When he's not writing, Ben enjoys reading literature, playing the guitar and embarrassing himself with chess. 4/29/21. ~Live Science, "Space junk is blocking our view of the stars, scientists say," https://www.livescience.com/space-junk-blocks-view-of-cosmos.html~~ Justin Astronomical research solves every existential threat – specifically physiology and climate change.GREEN 21. Brian Patrick Green, director of technology ethics @ Markkula Center for Applied Ethics, Santa Clara University, "Space Ethics," 2021, Rowman, pp. 5 Debris triggers miscalculated war.Acton and McDonald 21. James M. Acton is co-director of the Nuclear Policy Program and holds the Jessica T. Mathews Chair at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. Thomas D. MacDonald is a fellow in the Nuclear Policy Program. 12/10/21. ~Defense One, "Nuclear Command-and-Control Satellites Should Be Off Limits," https://www.defenseone.com/ideas/2021/12/nuclear-command-and-control-satellites-should-be-limits/187472/~~ Justin Any nuclear war causes extinction – ice age and famine.Steven Starr 15 ~Director of the University of Missouri's Clinical Laboratory Science Program, as well as a senior scientist at the Physicians for Social Responsibility. He has worked with the Swiss, Chilean, and Swedish governments in support of their efforts at the United Nations to eliminate thousands of high-alert, launch-ready U.S. and Russian nuclear weapons. "Nuclear War: An Unrecognized Mass Extinction Event Waiting To Happen." Ratical. March 2015. https://ratical.org/radiation/NuclearExtinction/StevenStarr022815.html~~ TG 1AC – PlanPlan – The appropriation of outer space through the production of space debris by private entities is unjust.Revising the Outer Space Treaty clarifies legal loopholes and ambiguities in space debris – scope of modification below.Private entities: Non-governmental The aff interprets OST enforcement as an OUF (Orbital Use Fee). That incentivizes remediation, removal, and mitigation efforts without harming the space industry. Any other countermeasures aren't the silver bullet and fail.Runnels 22. Michael is a professor and writer for the American Bar Association. 1/13/22. ~American Bar Association "On Clearing Earth's Orbital Debris and Enforcing the Outer Space Treaty in the U.S." https://www.americanbar.org/groups/business_law/publications/blt/2022/01/orbital-debris/~~ Justin OUF: Proportional fee for amount of debris put into Space Proportional fees solve industry startup problems and avoids the tragedy of the commons.Lavars 20. Nick has been writing and editing at New Atlas for over five years, where he has covered everything from distant space probes to self-driving cars to oddball animal science, and everything in between. He previously spent time at The Conversation, Mashable and The Santiago Times, earning a Masters degree in communications from Melbourne's RMIT University along the way. When not tapping away at his desk, you might find him traveling the world in search of the weird and wonderful. Failing that, he'll probably be watching sport. 5/26/20. ~New Atlas, "Could orbital fees force satellite operators to deal with space junk?," https://newatlas.com/space/orbital-fees-satellite-space-debris/~~#:~~:text=The20orbital2Duse20fee20would,for20the20scheme20to20work.~ Justin FWThe standard is maximizing life. Prefer it:~1~ Actor spec: util is the best for governments, which is the actor in the rez – multiple warrants:~a~ Governments must aggregate since every policy benefits some and harms others, which also means side constraints freeze action.~b~ No intent-foresight distinction – the actions we take are inevitably informed by predictions from certain mental states, meaning consequences are a collective part of the will.~c~ No act omission distinction – governments are responsible for everything in the public sphere and have yes/no bills so inaction is an implicit authorization of action.~d~ Actor-spec comes first since different agents have different ethical standings. Takes out util calc indicts since they're empirically denied and link turns them because the alt is no action.~e~ Reject calc indicts—they're functionally NIBs that everyone knows are silly but skew the aff and move the debate away from the topic and actual philosophical debate, killing valuable education. All indicts assume the Aff is true.~f~ Action under one framework doesn't preclude another. I can still have an obligation under Util, even if the aff is bad under Kant. Framing issues don't exclude the offense.~2~ Death outweighs— A~ agents can't act if they fear for their bodily security. B~ biological life is a prerequisite to any alternative advocacy.Paterson 3 – Department of Philosophy, Providence College, Rhode Island (Craig, "A Life Not Worth Living?", Studies in Christian Ethics. ~3~ Extinction outweighs under any frameworkPummer 15 ~Theron, Junior Research Fellow in Philosophy at St. Anne's College, University of Oxford. "Moral Agreement on Saving the World" Practical Ethics, University of Oxford. May 18, 2015~ AT Underview1~ Aff gets 1AR theory, Drop the Debater, and no RVIs – 1AR theory is the only recourse to check back infinite NC abuse, since it's impossible to preempt NC abuse within the AC. Aff gets drop the debater, since 1AR is too short to win both theory and substance, and 2N doesn't get RVIs, since RVIs uniquely deter the 1AR from checking NC abuse since the 1A knows the 2N can spend 6 minutes on the RVI and win.2~ The alt cedes the celestial commons to the hands of global imperialism. Only IR education can create momentum to demilitarize space.Raymond Duvall 6 – Professor of Political Science @ Univ of Minnesota, Taking Sovereignty Out of This World: Space Weapons and Empire of the Future, October 2006, https://www.files.ethz.ch/isn/111193/Taking20Sovereignty20Out20of20This20World.pdf | 2/5/22 |
ND - StockTournament: The Longhorn Classic | Round: 2 | Opponent: Austin SFA Lola Shmeis | Judge: Charlie Jackson DemocracyGlobal democracy is collapsing now.Freedom House 3/3 ~Freedom House. Freedom House works to defend human rights and promote democratic change, with a focus on political rights and civil liberties. We act as a catalyst for freedom through a combination of analysis, advocacy, and action. Our analysis, focused on 13 central issues, is underpinned by our international program work. "New Report: The global decline in democracy has accelerated". 3-3-2021. . https://freedomhouse.org/article/new-report-global-decline-democracy-has-accelerated.~~ SJVM AND environments investigated government transgressions, and activists persisted in calling out undemocratic practices. The plan solves:1~ Civic engagement – strikes increase democratic participation which reinvigorates democracy.McElwee 15 ~Sean; Research Associate at Demos; "How Unions Boost Democratic Participation," The American Prospect; 9/16/15; https://prospect.org/labor/unions-boost-democratic-participation/~~ Justin AND a broad swath of the middle class largely unrepresented in the political process." 2~ Corruption reduction – the right to strike fights concentration of power while reducing inequality.IER 17 ~Institute of Employment Rights. The IER exists to inform the debate around trade union rights and labour law by providing information, critical analysis, and policy ideas through our network of academics, researchers and lawyers. "UN Rights Expert: Right to strike is essential to democracy". 3-10-2017. . https://www.ier.org.uk/news/un-rights-expert-right-strike-essential-democracy/.~~ SJVM AND this right, and a negative obligation not to interfere with its exercise." Democratic backsliding causes extinction.Kendall-Taylor 16 ~Andrea; Deputy national intelligence officer for Russia and Eurasia at the National Intelligence Council, Senior associate in the Human Rights Initiative at the Center for Strategic and International Studies in Washington; "How Democracy’s Decline Would Undermine the International Order," CSIS; 7/15/16; https://www.csis.org/analysis/how-democracyE28099s-decline-would-undermine-international-order/~~ Justin AND policy, but it would ensure that we are having the right conversation. IndiaNew covid strains are rampant in India, spills internationally Vaidyanathan 5-11 Gayathri Vaidyanathan, 5-11-2021, "Coronavirus variants are spreading in India — what scientists know so far," No Publication, https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-021-01274-7 SJDA AND in late 2020 and led to a surge of cases there and elsewhere. Working conditions in India are horrible, ensures disease spreadRaju 3-24 Raju, Emmanuel, et al. "COVID-19 in India: Who Are We Leaving behind?" Progress in Disaster Science, Elsevier, 24 Mar. 2021, www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590061721000235~#bb0315. SJDA AND indicates increasing incidence of debt during the lockdowns in some states ~2~. Continuing India’s COVID crisis dooms the global economy Conversation 4-30 Conversation, 4-30-2021, "4 Reasons Why India's COVID Crisis Will Derail the World Economy," US News and World Report, https://www.usnews.com/news/best-countries/articles/2021-04-30/4-reasons-why-indias-covid-crisis-will-derail-the-world-economy?fbclid=IwAR1k9KuwWnm'ev35vFjC8vchQIO0gJTCWMV9BcCFA1JEpkkc3oyiydqYvi8 SJDA AND , rapid tests and ventilators); and Germany (oxygen and medical aid). Economic downturn leads to war.Liu 18 ~Qian. Qian Liu is a Managing Director, Greater China, the Economist Group. "The next economic crisis could cause a global conflict. Here's why". 11-13-2018. World Economic Forum. https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2018/11/the-next-economic-crisis-could-cause-a-global-conflict-heres-why.~~ SJVM AND sensible and respectful global dialogue. The alternative may well be global conflagration. ====Wars go nuclear, Extinction==== AND few remaining survivors be able to survive in a radioactive, toxic environment? Strikes empirically improve working conditions stopping COVID spread but hindrances to the right to organize halt progressAbrams 11-30 Abigail Abrams, 11-30-2020, "How COVID-19 Pushed Frontline Workers Into Collective Action," Time, https://time.com/5928528/frontline-workers-strikes-labor/ SJDA AND help employers offer bonuses, taking the steam out of some cooperative efforts. Efforts for better conditions are small but there, an unconditional right would only helpShahsudarshan 5-24 Aditi Shahsudarshan, 5-24-2021, "Renault-Nissan and Hyundai face shutdowns in India over workers' COVID fears," Reuters, https://www.reuters.com/world/india/renault-nissan-india-union-says-workers-go-strike-wednesday-2021-05-24/ SJDA AND , vaccinations and higher insurance cover to include medical expenses for their families. SolvencyPlan text: A just government ought to recognize an unconditional right of workers to strike. CX checks theory interps to avoid frivolous debates – otherwise I get an I meet.Definition of unconditional right to strike:NLRB 85 ~National Labor Relations Board; "Legislative History of the Labor Management Relations Act, 1947: Volume 1," Jan 1985; https://play.google.com/store/books/details?id=7o1tA''v4xwCandrdid=book-7o1tA''v4xwCandrdot=1~~ Justin AND health and welfare of our people in order to attain a selfish end. Enforcement through IFAs is normal means – that solves credibility concerns and legal loopholes which encourages striking.Neill 12 ~Emily CM; "The Right to Strike: How the United States Reduces it to the Freedom to Strike and How International Framework Agreements can Redeem it," 1/1/12; Labor and Employment Law Forum Volume 2 Issue 2 Article 6; https://digitalcommons.wcl.american.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?referer=https://www.google.com/andhttpsredir=1andarticle=1047andcontext=lelb~~ Justin AND for workers, but not one afforded the status of a protected right. FWThe standard is maximizing life. Prefer it:~1~ Actor spec: util is the best for governments, which is the actor in the rez – multiple warrants:~a~ Governments must aggregate since every policy benefits some and harms others, which also means side constraints freeze action.~b~ No intent-foresight distinction – the actions we take are inevitably informed by predictions from certain mental states, meaning consequences are a collective part of the will.~c~ No act omission distinction – governments are responsible for everything in the public sphere and have yes/no bills so inaction is an implicit authorization of action.~d~ Actor-spec comes first since different agents have different ethical standings. Takes out util calc indicts since they’re empirically denied and link turns them because the alt is no action.~e~ Reject calc indicts—they’re functionally NIBs that everyone knows are silly but skew the aff and move the debate away from the topic and actual philosophical debate, killing valuable education. All indicts assume the Aff is true.~f~ Action under one framework doesn’t preclude another. I can still have an obligation under Util, even if the aff is bad under Kant. Framing issues don’t exclude the offense.~2~ Death outweighs— A~ agents can’t act if they fear for their bodily security. B~ biological life is a prerequisite to any alternative advocacy.Paterson 3 – Department of Philosophy, Providence College, Rhode Island (Craig, "A Life Not Worth Living?", Studies in Christian Ethics. AND the person, the very source and condition of all human possibility.82 UV1~ Aff gets 1AR theory, Drop the Debater, and no RVIs – 1AR theory is the only recourse to check back infinite NC abuse, since it’s impossible to preempt NC abuse within the AC. Aff gets drop the debater, since 1AR is too short to win both theory and substance, and 2N doesn’t get RVIs, since RVIs uniquely deter the 1AR from checking NC abuse since the 1A knows the 2N can spend 6 minutes on the RVI and win. | 12/4/21 |
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