St Agnes Huang Neg
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| Apple Valley | 1 | Prospect ST | Tajaih Robinson |
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| Apple Valley | 4 | Lexington EY | Fabrice Etienne |
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| Apple Valley | 6 | Peninsula SM | Joshua St Peter |
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| Barkley Forum | 2 | Saratoga AG | Parth Misra |
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| Barkley Forum | 3 | North Allegheny RR | Chris Castillo |
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| Barkley Forum | 6 | Village RB | Dhruv Channa |
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| Berkeley | 2 | Harvard Westlake AW | Saketh Kotapati |
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| Berkeley | 4 | Harker PG | Gordan Krauss |
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| Berkeley | 6 | Immaculate Heart JL | Claudia Ribera |
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| Grapevine | 2 | Dublin AL | Vandan Patel |
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| Grapevine | 4 | Strake Jesuit JW | Margaret Strong |
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| Greenhill | 2 | Harker KB | Andrew Gong |
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| Greenhill | 3 | Mercer Island KS | David Dosch |
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| Greenhill | 5 | Harvard Westlake IC | Daksh Kapoor |
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| Heart of Texas | 2 | Homestead SL | Claudia Ribera |
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| Heart of Texas | 4 | Lovejoy JV | Morgan Copeland |
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| Heart of Texas | 6 | Strake Jesuit JS | Jack Quisenberry |
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| Holy Cross | 4 | Strake Jesuit JK | Jharick Shields |
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| Holy Cross | 6 | Russellville HS ForensicsDebate AG | Fabrice Etienne |
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| Lexington | 4 | Acton-Boxborough IA | Parth Misra |
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| Lexington | 2 | Lake Highland Prep PS | TJ Maher |
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| Lexington | 5 | Lake Highland Prep AR | Evan Li |
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| Lexington | Doubles | Cardinal Gibbons RS | Saied Beckford, Anthony Survance, Adam Tomasi |
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| Loyola | 2 | Mountain View EN | Jonah Gentlemen |
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| Loyola | 5 | Stockdale RP | Yardley Rosas |
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| Loyola | 4 | Plano East JN | Sam Larson |
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| Loyola | 4 | Plano East JN | Sam Larson |
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| Palm Classic | 2 | Dublin AL | Trevor Turner |
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| Palm Classic | 4 | Marlborough HL | Selena Lu |
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| Palm Classic | 6 | Westridge TW | Grant Brown |
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| Peninsula | 1 | Vestavia Hills DS | Aayush Patel |
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| Peninsula | 4 | Northern Valley HS James Song | Tej Gedela |
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| Peninsula | 6 | Southlake Carroll PK | Saketh Kotapati |
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| Peninsula | Doubles | Immaculate Heart RR | Ben Cortez, Anish Ramireddy, Dhruv Channa |
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| TFA | 2 | Elkins RS | Adrian Sendejas |
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| TFA | 4 | Strake Jesuit MS | Avery Wilson |
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| TFA | 6 | Sandra Day OConnor WW | Brandon Molina |
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| TFA | 6 | Sandra Day OConnor WW | Brandon Molina |
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| TFA | Doubles | Clear Lake IM | Brandon Molina, Jacob Lugo, Pranav Vijayan |
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| TFA | Doubles | Clear Lake IM | Brandon Molina, Jacob Lugo, Pranav Vijayan |
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| TFA | Doubles | Clear Lake IM | Brandon Molina, Jacob Lugo, Pranav Vijayan |
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| UT | 2 | Memorial SC | Samantha Mcloughlin |
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| UT | 4 | Dulles VN | Sreyaash Das |
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| UT | 6 | Plano East AW | Dylan Jones |
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| Tournament | Round | Report |
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| Apple Valley | 1 | Opponent: Prospect ST | Judge: Tajaih Robinson AC Kant |
| Apple Valley | 4 | Opponent: Lexington EY | Judge: Fabrice Etienne AC Kant |
| Apple Valley | 6 | Opponent: Peninsula SM | Judge: Joshua St Peter AC healthcare workers |
| Barkley Forum | 2 | Opponent: Saratoga AG | Judge: Parth Misra AC mining |
| Barkley Forum | 3 | Opponent: North Allegheny RR | Judge: Chris Castillo AC intuitions afc |
| Barkley Forum | 6 | Opponent: Village RB | Judge: Dhruv Channa AC set col |
| Berkeley | 2 | Opponent: Harvard Westlake AW | Judge: Saketh Kotapati 1AC Spacial fix |
| Berkeley | 4 | Opponent: Harker PG | Judge: Gordan Krauss 1AC Mining |
| Berkeley | 6 | Opponent: Immaculate Heart JL | Judge: Claudia Ribera 1AC China |
| Grapevine | 2 | Opponent: Dublin AL | Judge: Vandan Patel 1AC TRIPS |
| Grapevine | 4 | Opponent: Strake Jesuit JW | Judge: Margaret Strong AC pandemics |
| Greenhill | 2 | Opponent: Harker KB | Judge: Andrew Gong AC whistleblowers |
| Greenhill | 3 | Opponent: Mercer Island KS | Judge: David Dosch AC whole res gift giving sv |
| Greenhill | 5 | Opponent: Harvard Westlake IC | Judge: Daksh Kapoor AC COVID |
| Heart of Texas | 2 | Opponent: Homestead SL | Judge: Claudia Ribera AC Beller |
| Heart of Texas | 4 | Opponent: Lovejoy JV | Judge: Morgan Copeland AC COVID |
| Heart of Texas | 6 | Opponent: Strake Jesuit JS | Judge: Jack Quisenberry AC Kant with tricks |
| Holy Cross | 4 | Opponent: Strake Jesuit JK | Judge: Jharick Shields 1AC pandemics |
| Holy Cross | 6 | Opponent: Russellville HS ForensicsDebate AG | Judge: Fabrice Etienne 1AC covid |
| Lexington | 4 | Opponent: Acton-Boxborough IA | Judge: Parth Misra AC whole res |
| Lexington | 2 | Opponent: Lake Highland Prep PS | Judge: TJ Maher AC Ilaw |
| Lexington | 5 | Opponent: Lake Highland Prep AR | Judge: Evan Li AC cap |
| Lexington | Doubles | Opponent: Cardinal Gibbons RS | Judge: Saied Beckford, Anthony Survance, Adam Tomasi AC Megaconstellations |
| Loyola | 2 | Opponent: Mountain View EN | Judge: Jonah Gentlemen 1AC Evergreening |
| Loyola | 5 | Opponent: Stockdale RP | Judge: Yardley Rosas 1AC legitimacy China |
| Loyola | 4 | Opponent: Plano East JN | Judge: Sam Larson 1AC evergreening |
| Loyola | 4 | Opponent: Plano East JN | Judge: Sam Larson 1AC evergreening |
| Palm Classic | 2 | Opponent: Dublin AL | Judge: Trevor Turner 1AC mining |
| Palm Classic | 4 | Opponent: Marlborough HL | Judge: Selena Lu 1AC Commons |
| Palm Classic | 6 | Opponent: Westridge TW | Judge: Grant Brown 1AC set col |
| Peninsula | 1 | Opponent: Vestavia Hills DS | Judge: Aayush Patel AC queer |
| Peninsula | 4 | Opponent: Northern Valley HS James Song | Judge: Tej Gedela 1AC monism burdens |
| Peninsula | 6 | Opponent: Southlake Carroll PK | Judge: Saketh Kotapati AC large satellites |
| Peninsula | Doubles | Opponent: Immaculate Heart RR | Judge: Ben Cortez, Anish Ramireddy, Dhruv Channa AC China |
| TFA | 2 | Opponent: Elkins RS | Judge: Adrian Sendejas 1AC whole rez |
| TFA | 4 | Opponent: Strake Jesuit MS | Judge: Avery Wilson 1AC Poland |
| TFA | 6 | Opponent: Sandra Day OConnor WW | Judge: Brandon Molina 1AC Among Us |
| TFA | 6 | Opponent: Sandra Day OConnor WW | Judge: Brandon Molina 1AC Among Us |
| TFA | Doubles | Opponent: Clear Lake IM | Judge: Brandon Molina, Jacob Lugo, Pranav Vijayan 1AC Islamophobia |
| TFA | Doubles | Opponent: Clear Lake IM | Judge: Brandon Molina, Jacob Lugo, Pranav Vijayan 1AC Islamophobia |
| TFA | Doubles | Opponent: Clear Lake IM | Judge: Brandon Molina, Jacob Lugo, Pranav Vijayan 1AC Islamophobia |
| UT | 2 | Opponent: Memorial SC | Judge: Samantha Mcloughlin AC racial cap |
| UT | 4 | Opponent: Dulles VN | Judge: Sreyaash Das AC Kant |
| UT | 6 | Opponent: Plano East AW | Judge: Dylan Jones AC China |
To modify or delete round reports, edit the associated round.
Cites
| Entry | Date |
|---|---|
0- Contact InfoTournament: All | Round: 1 | Opponent: All | Judge: All Facebook Messenger: Ella Huang | 9/1/21 |
0- DebateDrillsTournament: All | Round: 1 | Opponent: All | Judge: All | 9/1/21 |
1 - Tournament namesTournament: All | Round: 1 | Opponent: All | Judge: All | 2/19/22 |
Generics- 1NC- comp worlds v1Tournament: Heart of Texas | Round: 6 | Opponent: Strake Jesuit JS | Judge: Jack Quisenberry The role of the ballot is to use comparative worlds1. Advocacy skills - debaters are trained just to question truths or falsities but not to compare different visions of the world. Advocacy skills improve the skills we take outside the round-testing truth doesn't. Key to real world education.2. Reciprocity – There is only one way in which a resolution is true – ie on the development assistance topic there was literally a clause within the UN, US, and EU constitutions in which development assistance OUGHT to have been provided-it was simply the truth – means under a truth testing paradigm one side should win every time – that's key to fairness because debate is predicated on equal access to the ballot – the round shouldn't be over before it starts. | 10/18/21 |
JF - 1NC - ACA da v1Tournament: Palm Classic | Round: 2 | Opponent: Dublin AL | Judge: Trevor Turner ACA passed the house, but bipartisan support is key to senate fight. | 2/12/22 |
JF - 1NC - ACA da v2Tournament: Palm Classic | Round: 4 | Opponent: Marlborough HL | Judge: Selena Lu ACA passed the house, but bipartisan support is key to senate fight. | 2/13/22 |
JF - 1NC - ACA da v3Tournament: Berkeley | Round: 4 | Opponent: Harker PG | Judge: Gordan Krauss ACA passed the House, but PC is key to get bipartisan support through the Senate.Gump 2-15 ~Akin; 2-15-22; Strauss Hauer and Feld LLP; "America COMPETES Act v. US Innovation and Competition Act—Summary of Key Differences and Takeaways," https://www.jdsupra.com/legalnews/america-competes-act-v-us-innovation-8714158/~~ brett NewSpace companies will lobby for their survival against the plan.GC 17 ~GC Magazine; Autumn 2017; Business thinking, In-house management, Published by legal500; "The new space race," https://www.legal500.com/gc-magazine/feature/the-new-space-race/~~ brett ACA prevents Chinese tech supremacyKreier 2-4 Freda Kreier, a science journalist who likes to write about the environment, climate and DNA. Freda completed her master's in science communication from UC Santa Cruz at the height of the COVID-19 pandemic. Before becoming a journalist, Freda studied molecular biology at Colorado College (2017). She discovered she had a passion for storytelling while working for a podcast production company in Denver. Her work to date appears in Nature, Science News, The Mercury News, Mongabay and more. She's also worked on the anthropology podcast SAPIENS and radio show Big Picture Science, 2-4-2022, "Huge boost for US science funding inches closer to reality," Nature, https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-022-00349-3 ella Chinese tech supremacy causes nuclear war.Kroenig 18 ~Matthew, Deputy Director for Strategy, Scowcroft Center for Strategy and Security; Associate Professor of Government and Foreign Service, Georgetown University, "Will disruptive technology cause nuclear war?" The Bulletin, 11/12/2018, https://thebulletin.org/2018/11/will-disruptive-technology-cause-nuclear-war/~~ | 2/20/22 |
JF - 1NC - Africa da v1Tournament: Palm Classic | Round: 6 | Opponent: Westridge TW | Judge: Grant Brown LEO is uniquely accessible to African industry - cheaper launch and production costs solves Earth Observation, internet, national security, and spills over to enrich the economySamanga 21 Ruvimbo Samanga, Zimbabwean scholar and lawyer working with the Space Law and Policy, holds a BA Law (cum laude), an LLB and an LLM in International Trade and Investment Law from the University of Pretoria. "Why Africa Should Expand its Mega-Satellite Constellation Capacity." Space Legal Issues, 3 May. 2021, www.spacelegalissues.com/why-africa-should-expand-its-mega-satellite-constellation-capacity. Independent African satellite constellation key to push out foreign, Chinese investment – which kills African democracyTuerk 20 Tuerk, Miriam. CEO and cofounder of Clear Blue Technologies Inc."Africa Is The Next Frontier For The Internet." Forbes, 8 June 2020, www.forbes.com/sites/miriamtuerk/2020/06/09/africa-is-the-next-frontier-for-the-internet/?sh=1f5e9eec4900. Expansion in Africa escalates absent democratic relationsMaru 19 - a scholar of peace and security, law and governance, strategy and management, human rights and migration issues. (Mehari, "A new cold war in Africa" Aljazeera. July 1, 2019. DOA: November 17, 2019. https://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/opinion/cold-war-africa-190630102044847.html)//MGalian** Uniquely resists Chinese neo-colonialismKelly 17 ~Ryan Kelly, 10-9-2017, "How China's Soft Power Is Building A Neo-Colonial System In Africa," Ketagalan Media, https://ketagalanmedia.com/2017/10/09/how-chinas-soft-power-is-building-a-neo-colonial-system-in-africa/ ~accessed 2-12-22~ lydia | 2/13/22 |
JF - 1NC - BBB daTournament: Peninsula | Round: 6 | Opponent: Southlake Carroll PK | Judge: Saketh Kotapati PC gets BBB across the finish line, but negotiations are key —-interruption must be avoided. Climate provisions will be preserved.Leber 1-21 ~Rebecca Leber, environmental reporter and Journalist at Vox, 1-21-2022, "Democrats may have to sacrifice something big for the climate," Vox, https://www.vox.com/2022/1/21/22892382/joe-manchin-climate-change-biden-negotiations-bbb ~accessed 1-21-22~ lydia The plan trades off — ratification requires PC and floor time.—-even if popular, even some opposition ensures immense floor time due to Senate procedures. Opposition is guaranteed. NewSpace companies will lobby for their survival against the plan.GC 17 ~GC Magazine; Autumn 2017; Business thinking, In-house management, Published by legal500; "The new space race," https://www.legal500.com/gc-magazine/feature/the-new-space-race/~~ brett Prevents existential climate disaster.Moncrief '11-11 ~Aliki; 2021; executive director of Florida Conservation Voters; Orlando Sentinel, "Build Back Better Act would help in climate crisis," https://www.orlandosentinel.com/opinion/guest-commentary/os-op-climate-change-congress-act-now-20211111-44u6bgyn5fdvnp3eqievkebqpe-story.html~~ | 1/23/22 |
JF - 1NC - BBB da v2Tournament: Barkley Forum | Round: 2 | Opponent: Saratoga AG | Judge: Parth Misra Biden's using PC now to pass B3.Frazin 1/23 ~Rachel; 1/23/22; staff writer @ The Hill; "Biden comments add momentum to spending bill's climate measures," https://thehill.com/policy/healthcare/590871-biden-comments-add-momentum-to-spending-bills-climate-measures~~ brett Manchin supports climate provisions, but continued negotiations and PC is key.Collins 1/6 ~Lois; 1/6/22; covers policy and research that impact families for the Deseret News National team. A University of Utah graduate, she has won numerous national, local and regional journalism awards; "Is the 'Build Back Better' Act dead or just drifting?" https://www.deseret.com/2022/1/6/22868795/is-bidens-build-back-better-bill-dead-or-just-drifing-social-policy-climate-change-joe-manchin~~ brett The plan trades off — ratification requires PC and floor time.—-even if popular, even some opposition ensures immense floor time due to Senate procedures. Opposition is guaranteed. NewSpace companies will lobby for their survival against the plan.GC 17 ~GC Magazine; Autumn 2017; Business thinking, In-house management, Published by legal500; "The new space race," https://www.legal500.com/gc-magazine/feature/the-new-space-race/~~ brett Prevents existential climate disaster.Moncrief '11-11 ~Aliki; 2021; executive director of Florida Conservation Voters; Orlando Sentinel, "Build Back Better Act would help in climate crisis," https://www.orlandosentinel.com/opinion/guest-commentary/os-op-climate-change-congress-act-now-20211111-44u6bgyn5fdvnp3eqievkebqpe-story.html~~ Warming is a threat multiplier that encompasses all impacts.Dr. Michael T. Klare 20, Five Colleges Professor of Peace and World Security Studies at Hampshire College, Ph.D. from the Graduate School of the Union Institute, BA and MA from Columbia University, Member of the Board of Director at the Arms Control Association, Defense Correspondent for The Nation, "How Rising Temperatures Increase the Likelihood of Nuclear War", The Nation, 1/13/2020, https://www.thenation.com/article/archive/nuclear-defense-climate-change/ | 1/28/22 |
JF - 1NC - Broadband da v1Tournament: Lexington | Round: Doubles | Opponent: Cardinal Gibbons RS | Judge: Saied Beckford, Anthony Survance, Adam Tomasi Megaconstellations solve rural broadband—-Starlink alone solves.Weinschenk '21 ~Carl; February 21; Freelance Editor, Freelance. Contributor, Telecompetitor, Technology, U.S. "Report: Starlink Looks Very Promising for Rural Broadband," https://www.telecompetitor.com/report-starlink-looks-very-promising-for-rural-broadband/~~ brett Rural broadband is key to precision ag—-solves supply which turns FDI 12.USDA '19 ~US department of agriculture, April 2019, A Case For Rural Broadband, accessed 8/12/21, https://mobroadband.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/44/2020/07/case-for-rural-broadband.pdf~~ brett Precision ag solves runoff.Ling 17, Geoffrey Ling, a retired U.S. Army colonel, is an expert in technology development and commercial transition. He is a professor of neurology at Johns Hopkins University and the Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences and a partner of Ling and Associates. Scientific American, June 26, 2017. "Precision Farming Increases Crop Yields" https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/precision-farming/ brett Gulf hypoxia is growing because of ag runoff—-it'll collapse whole oceans—-extinctionDr. Ian Hendy 17, PhD in Trophic Marine Biology, Research and Communication Officer and Senior Scientific Researcher in Marine Ecology at the University of Portsmouth, Institute of Marine Sciences Laboratories, Gulf of Mexico 'Dead Zone' Is Already A Disaster – But It Could Get Worse, Phys Org, 8-14, https://phys.org/news/2017-08-gulf-mexico-dead-zone-disaster.html | 1/16/22 |
JF - 1NC - Broadband da v2Tournament: Peninsula | Round: 6 | Opponent: Southlake Carroll PK | Judge: Saketh Kotapati Megaconstellations solve rural broadband—-Starlink alone solves.Weinschenk '21 ~Carl; February 21; Freelance Editor, Freelance. Contributor, Telecompetitor, Technology, U.S. "Report: Starlink Looks Very Promising for Rural Broadband," https://www.telecompetitor.com/report-starlink-looks-very-promising-for-rural-broadband/~~ brett Rural broadband is key to precision ag—-solves supply which turns FDI 12.USDA '19 ~US department of agriculture, April 2019, A Case For Rural Broadband, accessed 8/12/21, https://mobroadband.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/44/2020/07/case-for-rural-broadband.pdf~~ brett The modern food system relies on satellites. Collapse triggers global shocks to supply.Tompkins 19 ~Steven, Inmarsat's Director of Sector Development for Agriculture. Head of Resilient and Sustainable Supply Chains Team at ADAS. Entrepreneurial manager with a sustained track record of building new profitable business streams for science-based organizations in the agri-food sector.; 3-18-2019; "Enabling the connected farm – the importance of satellite communications," Inmarsat, https://www.inmarsat.com/blog/enabling-the-connected-farm-the-importance-of-satellite-communications/~~ brett Food shortages go nuclear.FDI 12 ~FDI; a Research institute providing strategic analysis of Australia's global interests; citing Lindsay Falvery, PhD in Agricultural Science and former Professor at the University of Melbourne's Institute of Land and Environment (Future Directions International, , "Food and Water Insecurity: International Conflict Triggers and Potential Conflict Points," http://www.futuredirections.org.au/workshop-papers/537-international-conflict-triggers-and-potential-conflict-points-resulting-from-food-and-water-insecurity.html~~ brett | 1/23/22 |
JF - 1NC - Innovation da v1Tournament: Lexington | Round: 4 | Opponent: Acton-Boxborough IA | Judge: Parth Misra The plan upends a foundation for US economic competitiveness—-the space-value chain touches all sectors of the economy.—-includes satellites. US competitiveness underwrites global stability and non-prolif—-great power war.Daniel Bessner 17 ~Assistant Professor in American Foreign Policy, University of Washington. Jim McDermott, Representative for Washington's 7th District. Francis Wilson, BA, International Studies, University of Washington. "Redefining American Leadership for an Internationalized Era." The Henry M. Jackson School of International Studies, University of Washington. Task Force Report. https://digital.lib.washington.edu/researchworks/bitstream/handle/1773/38693/TaskForceC-Bessner.pdf?sequence=1andisAllowed=y~~ brett | 1/15/22 |
JF - 1NC - Mining da v1Tournament: Lexington | Round: 2 | Opponent: Lake Highland Prep PS | Judge: TJ Maher Mining is now – multiple companies are competing in mineral exploitation to obtain rare earth metals.Gilbert 4-26 ~Alex Gilbert is a complex systems researcher and a PhD student in space resources at the Colorado School of Mines. Milken Institute, "Mining in Space Is Coming"; https://www.milkenreview.org/articles/mining-in-space-is-coming~~ kelvin Private companies are key to space mining – investors, profitability, and market demand.Krishnan 20 ~C A Krishnan, 8-6-2020, "Space mining: Just around the corner?," Week, https://www.theweek.in/news/sci-tech/2020/08/06/Space-mining-Just-around-the-corner.html ~accessed 12-6-21~ lydia Commercial mining solves extinction from scarcity, climate, terror, war, and disease.Pelton 17—(Director Emeritus of the Space and Advanced Communications Research Institute at George Washington University, PHD in IR from Georgetown). Pelton, Joseph N. 2017. The New Gold Rush: The Riches of Space Beckon! Springer. Accessed 8/30/19. | 1/15/22 |
JF - 1NC - Mining da v2Tournament: Lexington | Round: 4 | Opponent: Acton-Boxborough IA | Judge: Parth Misra Mining is now – multiple companies are competing in mineral exploitation to obtain rare earth metals.Gilbert 4-26 ~Alex Gilbert is a complex systems researcher and a PhD student in space resources at the Colorado School of Mines. Milken Institute, "Mining in Space Is Coming"; https://www.milkenreview.org/articles/mining-in-space-is-coming~~ kelvin Private companies are key to a growing space mining sector – investors, profitability, and market demand.Krishnan 20 ~C A Krishnan, 8-6-2020, "Space mining: Just around the corner?," Week, https://www.theweek.in/news/sci-tech/2020/08/06/Space-mining-Just-around-the-corner.html ~accessed 12-6-21~ lydia Space mining is key to sustain global resources — otherwise, resource wars.MacWhorter 16 ~Kevin; J.D. Candidate, William and Mary Law School, "Sustainable Mining: Incentivizing Asteroid Mining in the Name of Environmentalism", William and Mary Environmental Law and Policy Review, Vol 40, Issue 2, Article 11, https://scholarship.law.wm.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?referer=https://www.google.com/andhttpsredir=1andarticle=1653andcontext=wmelpr~~ brett Terrestrial resource scarcity goes nuclear—-we outweigh on timeframe, just the prospect of shortages triggers escalation.Klare 13 ~Michael T., The Nation's defense correspondent, is professor emeritus of peace and world-security studies at Hampshire College and senior visiting fellow at the Arms Control Association in Washington, D.C. His newest book, All Hell Breaking Loose: The Pentagon's Perspective on Climate Change, will be published this fall. 2013. "How Resource Scarcity and Climate Change Could Produce a Global Explosion," https://www.thenation.com/article/archive/how-resource-scarcity-and-climate-change-could-produce-global-explosion/~~ brett Commercial mining solves warming.Pelton 17—(Director Emeritus of the Space and Advanced Communications Research Institute at George Washington University, PHD in IR from Georgetown). Pelton, Joseph N. 2017. The New Gold Rush: The Riches of Space Beckon! Springer. Accessed 8/30/19. | 1/15/22 |
JF - 1NC - Mining da v4Tournament: Lexington | Round: 5 | Opponent: Lake Highland Prep AR | Judge: Evan Li Mining is now – multiple companies are competing in mineral exploitation to obtain rare earth metals.Gilbert 4-26 ~Alex Gilbert is a complex systems researcher and a PhD student in space resources at the Colorado School of Mines. Milken Institute, "Mining in Space Is Coming"; https://www.milkenreview.org/articles/mining-in-space-is-coming~~ kelvin Private companies are key to space mining – investors, profitability, and market demand.Krishnan 20 ~C A Krishnan, 8-6-2020, "Space mining: Just around the corner?," Week, https://www.theweek.in/news/sci-tech/2020/08/06/Space-mining-Just-around-the-corner.html ~accessed 12-6-21~ lydia Terrestrial resource scarcity goes nuclear—-we outweigh on timeframe, just the prospect of shortages triggers escalation.Klare 13 ~Michael T., The Nation's defense correspondent, is professor emeritus of peace and world-security studies at Hampshire College and senior visiting fellow at the Arms Control Association in Washington, D.C. His newest book, All Hell Breaking Loose: The Pentagon's Perspective on Climate Change, will be published this fall. 2013. "How Resource Scarcity and Climate Change Could Produce a Global Explosion," https://www.thenation.com/article/archive/how-resource-scarcity-and-climate-change-could-produce-global-explosion/~~ brett Commercial mining solves extinction from scarcity, climate, terror, war, and disease.Pelton 17—(Director Emeritus of the Space and Advanced Communications Research Institute at George Washington University, PHD in IR from Georgetown). Pelton, Joseph N. 2017. The New Gold Rush: The Riches of Space Beckon! Springer. Accessed 8/30/19. | 1/16/22 |
JF - 1NC - Mining da v6Tournament: Palm Classic | Round: 2 | Opponent: Dublin AL | Judge: Trevor Turner 1AC Williams and Tosar is uniqueness for us – Asteroid mining is coming now but they ban it—-Asteroid mining's key to space col—-extinctionFeinman '14 ~Matthew; Juris Doctor Candidate, Class of 2015, at the University of Pittsburgh School of Law. Spring 2014. 14 Pitt. J. Tech. L. and Pol'y no. 2 202 (2013-2014), "Mining the Final Frontier: Keeping Earth's Asteroid Mining Ventures from Becoming the Next Gold Rush" pp. 208-210 DOI: 10.5195/tlp.2014.140~ brett Asteroid mining overcomes all technical barriers to colonizing space.—-creates initial habitats in Low Earth Orbit that mine asteroids for the materials to settle the Moon, Mars, etc. Only mining produces sufficient resources. Space col mathematically outweighsBostrom, 3 ~Nick; Professor, University of Oxford; Director, Future of Humanity Institute, University of Oxford; Director, Governance of AI program. Former lecturer at Yale. PhD, Philosophy, LSE; Studied Astrophysics and General Relativity (Dept. of Physics) and completed MSc-thesis in Computational neuroscience (Dept. of Math), King's College, London; MA, Philosophy and Physics, University of Stockholm; BA, Philosophy, Mathematics, Mathematical Logic, Artificial Intelligence, University of Goteborg. "Astronomical Waste: The Opportunity Cost of Delayed Technological Development" https://nickbostrom.com/astronomical/waste.html~~ brett | 2/12/22 |
JF - 1NC - PLA daTournament: Berkeley | Round: 6 | Opponent: Immaculate Heart JL | Judge: Claudia Ribera Xi is tightening control over the PLA but completing goals are critical.Krishnan 21 – Ananth, 11/18/21, ~'Xi tightened control over the PLA', TheHindu, https://www.thehindu.com/news/international/xi-tightened-control-over-the-pla/article37549460.ece~~ Justin Their ev proves the link – we read blueChow and Kelley 8/21 ~(Brian G., policy analyst for the Institute of World Politics, Ph.D in physics from Case Western Reserve University, MBA and Ph.D in finance from the University of Michigan, and Brandon, graduate of Georgetown's School of Foreign Service ) "China's Anti-Satellite Weapons Could Conquer Taiwan—Or Start a War," National Review, 8/21/2021~ JL That triggers backlash – they don't support restrictions on the space sector and will do everything to convince leaders not to do the plan.Cheng 14 ~Dean Cheng, Senior Research Fellow in the Asia Studies Center at the Heritage Foundation, Former Senior Analyst at the China Studies Division of the Center for Naval Analyses, Former Senior Analyst with Science Applications International Corporation, "Prospects for U.S.-China Space Cooperation", Testimony before the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation, United States Senate, 4/9/2014, https://www.heritage.org/testimony/prospects-us-china-space-cooperation~~ An unhinged PLA triggers Himalayan war – goes globalChellaney 17 ~Dr. Brahma Chellaney, Professor of Strategic Studies at the Center for Policy Research and Fellow at the Robert Bosch Academy, PhD in International Studies from Jawaharlal Nehru University, "Why the Chinese Military's Rising Clout Troubles Xi Jinping", The National, 9/9/2017, https://www.thenational.ae/opinion/why-the-chinese-military-s-rising-clout-troubles-xi-jinping-1.626815?videoId=5754807360001~~ Extinction.Caldicott 17 – Helen, 2017, Founder of Physicians for Social Responsibility ~"The new nuclear danger: George W. Bush's military-industrial complex," The New Press~Elmer | 2/21/22 |
JF - 1NC - T - MiningTournament: Barkley Forum | Round: 2 | Opponent: Saratoga AG | Judge: Parth Misra Interp: "appropriation" of outer space must be claims of sovereignty.Ownership of extracted resources is NOT appropriation.Wrench 19 ~John G., J.D. Candidate, Case Western Reserve University School of Law, Cleveland, Ohio, May 2019; B.A., Philosophy and Religious Studies, Pace University, Pleasantville, New York, December 2015. Case Western Journal of International Law; Volume 51, Issue 1, Article 11, "Non-Appropriation, No Problem: The Outer Space Treaty Is Ready for Asteroid Mining" https://scholarlycommons.law.case.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2546andcontext=jil~~ brett Violation: The AFF defends property rights for extracted resources.Negate:1~ Precision: Pre-round prep is centered around DAs against formal sovereignty and case responses to it, their interp means the only basis for predictability becomes the wiki, which moots all pre-topic prep. Err towards common interpretation of international law spanning decades.2~ Limits: They blow up the topic to include any resource extraction from outer space, allowing affs to rush to the margins to anything from moon water to mars rocks to any asteroid in outer space, and infinite permutations of these make the case-list too big to engage, mooting neg ground.CI bc reasonability is arbitrary and invites judge interventionDTD to deter future abuseNo RVIs: 1~ illogical, you shouldn't win for being topical, 2~ good theory debaters will read abusive positions to bait theory and dump on an RVI, 3~ trades off with substance since we can't kick out of TNeg theory first because AFF abuse made it impossible to engage so any neg abuse was to get back in the game – answers UV | 1/28/22 |
JF - 1NC - T - Mining v2Tournament: Berkeley | Round: 4 | Opponent: Harker PG | Judge: Gordan Krauss Interpretation: "appropriation" of outer space must be claims of sovereignty.Ownership of extracted resources is NOT appropriation.Wrench 19 ~John G., J.D. Candidate, Case Western Reserve University School of Law, Cleveland, Ohio, May 2019; B.A., Philosophy and Religious Studies, Pace University, Pleasantville, New York, December 2015. Case Western Journal of International Law; Volume 51, Issue 1, Article 11, "Non-Appropriation, No Problem: The Outer Space Treaty Is Ready for Asteroid Mining" https://scholarlycommons.law.case.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2546andcontext=jil~~ brett Violation: The AFF defends property rights for extracted resources.Negate:1~ Precision: Pre-round prep is centered around DAs against formal sovereignty and case responses to it, their interp means the only basis for predictability becomes the wiki, which moots all pre-topic prep. Err towards common interpretation of international law spanning decades.2~ Ground: They blow up the topic to include any resource extraction from outer space, allowing affs to rush to the margins to anything from moon water to mars rocks to any asteroid in outer space, and infinite permutations of these make the case-list too big to engage, mooting neg ground.TVA solves - spec space col, lunar basing, etc. – still speccing places but gives us access to space col or alien links to Ks AND you can still read mining as an advCI bc reasonability is arbitrary and invites judge interventionDTD – T indicts the whole affNo RVIs: 1~ illogical to win just for being fair 2~ good debaters bait abusive advocacies 3~ trades off with substance since we can't kick out of TNeg theory 1st bc aff abuse structured 1NC construction so any abuse we did was to get back in the game. | 2/20/22 |
JF - 1NC - T - Moon TreatyTournament: Palm Classic | Round: 2 | Opponent: Dublin AL | Judge: Trevor Turner 1Interpretation: the affirmative must ONLY defend that the appropriation of outer space by private entities is unjustViolation –They defend the Moon treaty which is Extra Topical:NTI No Date, ~"Moon Agreement", https://www.nti.org/education-center/treaties-and-regimes/agreement-governing-activities-states-moon-and-other-celestial-bodies-moon-agreement/~~ brett Vote neg for limits — they justify tons of advantages abt moon militarization, space war, as well as banning stuff like Trumps space force which plans to build a moon military base. That destroys prep bc they justify new advantages we didn't prep for, making neg prep burden too high.CI bc reasonability is arbitrary and invites judge interventionDTD to deter future abuseNo RVIs: 1~ illogical, you shouldn't win for being topical, 2~ good theory debaters will read abusive positions to bait theory and dump on an RVI, 3~ trades off with substance since we can't kick out of TNeg theory first because AFF abuse made it impossible to engage so any neg abuse was to get back in the game. | 2/12/22 |
JF - 1NC - T - appropriation vs ChinaTournament: Berkeley | Round: 6 | Opponent: Immaculate Heart JL | Judge: Claudia Ribera Interpretation: the affirmative must defend that the appropriation of outer space by private entities is unjust.By means:Oxford dictionary https://www.google.com/search?q=by+definitionandoq=by+definitionandaqs=edge..69i57l2j69i59l2j69i60j69i64j69i60l3.1219j0j1andsourceid=chromeandie=UTF-8 Countries are not private entities:Lawinsiderhttps://www.lawinsider.com/dictionary/private-entity ella Satellite positioning is de facto appropriation, not appropriation proper.Matignon 19 ~Louis de Gouyon Matignon, PhD in space law from Georgetown University, "ORBITAL SLOTS AND SPACE CONGESTION," 06/03/19, Space Legal Issues, https://www.spacelegalissues.com/orbital-slots-and-space-congestion/, EA~ Violation: they specify China and defend satsPrefer –1~ Limits and ground – they justify speccing any country in the world like Luxembourg, China, Monaco, Peru, Russia, etc. AND defending anything that's just in space but is not appropriation i.e. telescopes, the ISS, space exploration, cameras, hotels, etc. infinite permutations of those explodes limits and makes neg prep impossible2~ Precision - topic wording is the basis of all prep since it's the only thing we have to prep off of pre-round, so jettisoning it creates a lack of stable ground- its also a voter for jurisdiction because judges are constrained by the ballot to vote on the topicCompeting interps on T – you can't be reasonably topicalDTD – T indicts the entire affNo RVIs – illogical to win for being fair, encourages baiting and crowds out substanceNeg theory 1st – 1AC abuse shaped NC construction so if anything we did was bad it was just to get back in the game. | 2/21/22 |
JF - 1NC - T - country specTournament: Peninsula | Round: Doubles | Opponent: Immaculate Heart RR | Judge: Ben Cortez, Anish Ramireddy, Dhruv Channa Interpretation: the affirmative may not specify a specific countryBy means:Oxford dictionary https://www.google.com/search?q=by+definitionandoq=by+definitionandaqs=edge..69i57l2j69i59l2j69i60j69i64j69i60l3.1219j0j1andsourceid=chromeandie=UTF-8 Countries are not private entities:https://www.lawinsider.com/dictionary/private-entity ella Violation: they specify ChinaPrefer –1~ Limits and ground – they justify speccing any country in the world like Luxembourg, China, Monaco, Peru, Russia, etc. exploding limits and making neg prep impossible2~ Precision - topic wording is the basis of all prep since it's the only thing we have to prep off of pre-round, so jettisoning it creates a lack of stable ground- its also a voter for jurisdiction because judges are constrained by the ballot to vote on the topicCompeting interps on T – you can't be reasonably topicalDTD – T indicts the entire affNo RVIs - 1~ encourages good theory debaters to bait theory and always go for it 2~ illogical you don't win for being fair 3~ education – forces me to go all in on T in the 2n which kills the only portable impact to debateNeg theory 1st – 1AC abuse shaped NC construction so if anything we did was bad it was just to get back in the game. | 2/12/22 |
JF - 1NC - T - extra TTournament: Palm Classic | Round: 4 | Opponent: Marlborough HL | Judge: Selena Lu Interpretation: debaters may not garner offense from extra-topical planks of the planViolation: they fiat that governments should nationalize space industries in addition to the resolutionPrefer:1~ Limits and ground– they justify an infinite number of affs i.e. communizing space industries, governments eliminating the industry as a whole, make all private entities privately traded, increase public funding to industries, etc – makes it impossible to prep since each aff requires unique case negs2~ Vagueness - debates inevitably involve the AFF defending something, but only our interp lets them to clearly define that from the start. Their model leads to late-breaking debates that destroy ground, for example we won't know if asteroid mining or space exploration are offense until the 1AR, which skews neg prepUse competing interps – reasonability is arbitrary and requires interventionDTD – T indicts the whole affNo RVIs – 1~ illogical – shouldn't win for being fair 2~ forces us into a theory debate which crowds out substance | 2/13/22 |
JF - 1NC - T - extra TTournament: Berkeley | Round: 2 | Opponent: Harvard Westlake AW | Judge: Saketh Kotapati Interpretation: debaters may not garner offense from extra-topical planks of the planViolation: they fiat that governments should nationalize space industries in addition to the resolutionPrefer:1~ Limits and ground– they justify an infinite number of affs i.e. communizing space industries, governments eliminating the industry as a whole, make all private entities privately traded, increase public funding to industries, etc – makes it impossible to prep since each aff requires unique case negsUse competing interps – reasonability is arbitrary and necessitates interventionDTD – T indicts the whole affNo RVIs – 1~ illogical – shouldn't win for being fair 2~ forces us into a theory debate which crowds out substance | 2/19/22 |
JF - 1NC - T - regulateTournament: Berkeley | Round: 4 | Opponent: Harker PG | Judge: Gordan Krauss Interpretation: "Appropriation" is a term of art that means ban, not regulate.Thornburg 19 ~Matthew, Associate Editor for the Michigan Journal of International Law; Vol 40; "Are the Non-appropriation Principle and the Current Regulatory Regime Governing Geostationary Orbit Equitable for All of Earth's States?" http://www.mjilonline.org/are-the-non-appropriation-principle-and-the-current-regulatory-regime-governing-geostationary-orbit-equitable-for-all-of-earths-states/~~ brett Violation: The AFF "restricts asteroid mining"Vote neg:1~ Limits: Allowing regulations blows up the topic lit to include any means to regulate asteroids, the moon, etc. Outweighs — a new aff every week dooms in-depth topic research and ensures an unmanageable caselist for the neg.2~ Makes the topic bidirectional because the AFF can defend private industry good which means the what little prep is left for the neg can be stolen by the AFF with arguments like "regulations key to commercial growth" that multiply the prep burden and removing any stasis for prep. Outweighs — clear divide between AFF and NEG literature is key to ensure each side always has access to core offense.CA Paradigms | 2/20/22 |
JF - 1NC - USICA da v1Tournament: Lexington | Round: Doubles | Opponent: Cardinal Gibbons RS | Judge: Saied Beckford, Anthony Survance, Adam Tomasi USICA passes now.Flatly and Edgerton 1-12 ~Daniel Flatley, reporter on foreign policy, Anna Edgerton, Bloomberg journalist, 1-12-2022, "House Leaders Near Agreement on Stalled China Competition Bill," Bloomberg, https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2022-01-12/house-leaders-assembling-compromise-on-china-competition-bill ~accessed 1-14-22~ Lydia But, partisan legislation trades off.Segers 21 ~Grace, Staff writer at The New Republic, "A New Year's Resolution for Congress: Finish What You Started in 2021," TNR, 12/22/2021, https://newrepublic.com/article/164719/congress-democrats-2022-agenda~~ recut lydia That's the plan. NewSpace companies will lobby for their survival, spurring partisan division.GC 17 ~GC Magazine; Autumn 2017; Business thinking, In-house management, Published by legal500; "The new space race," https://www.legal500.com/gc-magazine/feature/the-new-space-race/~~ brett Key to tech leadership.Murray 21 ~Ashley, Post-Gazette Washington Bureau, "Tech bills in U.S. Congress could be 'generational opportunity' for Pittsburgh," Post-Gazette, 12/19/2021, https://www.post-gazette.com/news/politics-nation/2021/12/19/Tech-bills-U-S-Congress-Pittsburgh-China-Argo-AI-5G-robotics-USICA-innovation-competition-act/stories/202112190108~~ Chinese tech supremacy causes nuclear war.Kroenig 18 ~Matthew, Deputy Director for Strategy, Scowcroft Center for Strategy and Security; Associate Professor of Government and Foreign Service, Georgetown University, "Will disruptive technology cause nuclear war?" The Bulletin, 11/12/2018, https://thebulletin.org/2018/11/will-disruptive-technology-cause-nuclear-war/~~ | 1/16/22 |
JF - 1NC - Yusoff KTournament: Barkley Forum | Round: 6 | Opponent: Village RB | Judge: Dhruv Channa The 1AC's Yusoff evidence is a defense of a fractured Anthropocene politics that defines the world as a construction of White Geology. The rest of their aff opposes liberal humanist values and the affirmation of human control. We'll impact turn this.Embracing a Democratized Anthropocene centered around common human control is key to resolving mass global violence which turns case.Jedediah Purdy 16, Professor of Law at Duke University, 1/11/16, "Forum Final Response: The New Nature," http://bostonreview.net/forum/new-nature/jedediah-purdy-jedediah-purdy-response-new-nature Only mass movements are able to turn course on existential climate change.Lukacs 17 (Martin Lukacs is a Montreal-based investigative journalist. He is a former environmental writer for The Guardian, and has written for the Toronto Star, The Walrus, and The New York Review of Books. He is the author of The Trudeau Formula: Seduction and betrayal in an age of discontent. "Neoliberalism has conned us into fighting climate change as individuals". July 17, 2017.) | 1/29/22 |
JF - 1NC - adv cp v1Tournament: Lexington | Round: 4 | Opponent: Acton-Boxborough IA | Judge: Parth Misra Text – States shouldBan megaconstellations. All other appropriation of outerspace is allowed.adopt a system of market share liability in regard to the creation of debris in outer space by private entities in accordance with Munoz-Patchen 18implement Decommissioning Devices on all future objects launched into spaceimplement Ion Beams to deorbit Debrisimplement Electro-Dynamic Propulsion Systems for Space Debris RemovalSecond plank incentivizes sustainable use of spaceMunoz-Patchen 18 ~Chelsea Munoz-Patchen, Chelsea Muñoz-Patchen is an associate in the Houston office of Latham and Watkins. While attending University of Chicago Law School, Ms. Muñoz-Patchen was an articles editor for The Chicago Journal of International Law. Her research on regulating space debris was published in 2018. Ms. Muñoz-Patchen served as a research assistant for Professors Daniel Abebe and Jonathan Masur, focusing on intellectual property and constitutional law in the US and Ethiopia. Prior to law school, Ms. Muñoz-Patchen earned her BA and BS in Geography from Arizona State University. As a graduate student, she studied political ecology and people's relationship to urban nature, and taught Introduction to Physical Geography labs. 7-1-2018, Semanticscholar, "Regulating the Space Commons: Treating Space Debris as Abandoned Property in Violation of the Outer Space Treaty | Semantic Scholar", https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Regulating-the-Space-Commons3A-Treating-Space-Debris-Munoz-Patchen/607eff0141f48332a69ae8c5a3301d871057a4fa accessed 12/21/21~ Adam 3rd 4th and 5th planks Solves debrisPelton 15 Pelton, Joseph N. (2015). ~SpringerBriefs in Space Development~ New Solutions for the Space Debris Problem || . , 10.1007/978-3-319-17151-7(), –. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-17151-7 (Joseph N. Pelton received his Ph. D. from Georgetown University, his Masters from New York University and his BA from the University of Tulsa. Pelton is the award winning author or editor of over 40 books and over 300 articles in the field of space systems. These include the five book series: MegaCrunch, e-Sphere, Future Talk, Future View, and Global Talk, the latter of which he was nominated for a Pulitzer Prize. He served as Chairman of the Board (1992-95) and Vice President of Academic Programs and Dean (1995-96) of the International Space University of Strasbourg, France. He is currently a member of the ISU faculty and editor of the ISU book series.) Aadit | 1/15/22 |
JF - 1NC - adv cp v2Tournament: Lexington | Round: Doubles | Opponent: Cardinal Gibbons RS | Judge: Saied Beckford, Anthony Survance, Adam Tomasi States ought to establish a regulatory framework regarding private entities in Low Earth Orbit that:—-mandates incorporation of Space Sustainability Ratings;—-mandates Space Traffic Management for all entities in space, including Active Debris Removal;—- facilitates the creation of Public Private Partnerships between States and private entities creating megaconstellations.Solves tracking satellites, norms, co-operation, info, collisions, and access—-empirics prove.Bhakare 21 ~Nikita; IV B.A. LL.B. student, ILS Law College, Pune (India) "THE NEED FOR EVOLVING LEGAL FRAMEWORK FOR REGULATION OF SPACE DEBRIS CAUSED BY SATELLITE CONSTELLATIONS" https://conference.sdo.esoc.esa.int/proceedings/sdc8/paper/310/SDC8-paper310.pdf~~ brett | 1/16/22 |
JF - 1NC - adv cp v3Tournament: Palm Classic | Round: 4 | Opponent: Marlborough HL | Judge: Selena Lu CP text: States should:- States should establish an international mediating organization that would allow the appropriation of outer space by private entities on a rental basis with a 20 royalty on all profits that is put into a Space Resource Fund that is distributed between every global citizen.Rental system solves inequality.Webb et al. 18 ~Lucas; November 2018; Masters of Astronautical Engineering student at USC; Brittany Wojciechowski,; Wichita State University PhD student in aerospace engineering; Aubrey Koonce, Molly Williams*, Wichita State University; European Space Policy Institute; "The Need for Strict Regulation of Asteroid Mining," https://espi.or.at/publications/voices-from-the-space-community/category/3-voices-from-the-space-community~~ brett Resolves capitalism impacts and ensures the idea of common heritage is maintained, even absent a global commons.Saletta 16 ~Morgan Saletta, PhD, History and Philosophy of Science, The University of Melbourne, and Kevin Orrman-Rossiter, Graduate Student, History and Philosophy of Science, The University of Melbourne. April 17, 2016. "All of humanity should share in the space mining boom," https://theconversation.com/all-of-humanity-should-share-in-the-space-mining-boom-57740~~ brett | 2/13/22 |
JF - 1NC - adv cp v4Tournament: Barkley Forum | Round: 2 | Opponent: Saratoga AG | Judge: Parth Misra States should:—-Ratify and enact into all relevant domestic legislation the Treaty on Prevention of the Placement of Weapons in Outer Space and of the Threat or Use of Force against Outer Space Objects.—-Establish and ratify an international agreement that would create a uniform, internationally recognized property rights regime for appropriation of outer space through asteroid mining by private entities.—-Establish a global organization that monitors all asteroid movement missions and adopt their recommendations.~1st plank~ PPWT solves space militarization.Jaramillo 09 ~Cesar, In 2013 he earned a B.A. in Catholic Studies from Seton Hall University. Father Jaramillo earned the S.T.B. (Theology) and the J.C.L. (Canon Law) degrees from the Pontifical Gregorian University in Rome in 2016 and 2019 respectively. He also earned a Diploma in Administrative Canonical Praxis from the Vatican's Congregation for the Clergy in 2018. Fr. Jaramillo is a member of the Canon Law Society of America. The Ploughshares Monitor Winter 2009 Volume 30 Issue 4, "In Defence of the PPWT Treaty: Toward a Space Weapons Ban" https://ploughshares.ca/pl_publications/in-defence-of-the-ppwt-treaty-toward-a-space-weapons-ban/~~ brett ~2nd plank~ International property regime for mining solves war and every single "unilateral" or "unregulated" bad warrant. Their ev.1AC MacWhorter 16 ~Kevin, J.D from William and Mary College and Contributor to the William and Mary Environmental Law and Policy Review, "Sustainable Mining: Incentivizing Asteroid Mining in the Name of Environmentalism", William and Mary Environmental Law and Policy Review, 2016, https://scholarship.law.wm.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1653andcontext=wmelpr~~ brett ~3rd plank~ Monitoring solves astroterror. Their evidence concludes this solves and avoids the link to the mining DA.—-this is literally the part of the astroterror article where they recommend policy responses. | 1/28/22 |
JF - 1NC - adv cp v5Tournament: Berkeley | Round: 2 | Opponent: Harvard Westlake AW | Judge: Saketh Kotapati CP Text: States should- establish an international mediating organization that would allow the appropriation of outer space by private entities on a rental basis.- establish an international body that would license resources from outer space for private appropriation with a 20 royalty on all profits that is put into a Space Resource Fund that is distributed between every global citizen.- Their aff says government programs better because they're regulated and equitable Solves inequalityWebb et al. 18 ~Lucas; November 2018; Masters of Astronautical Engineering student at USC; Brittany Wojciechowski,; Wichita State University PhD student in aerospace engineering; Aubrey Koonce, Molly Williams*, Wichita State University; European Space Policy Institute; "The Need for Strict Regulation of Asteroid Mining," https://espi.or.at/publications/voices-from-the-space-community/category/3-voices-from-the-space-community~~ brett Promotes global inequality in broader fields.Saletta 16 ~Morgan Saletta, PhD, History and Philosophy of Science, The University of Melbourne, and Kevin Orrman-Rossiter, Graduate Student, History and Philosophy of Science, The University of Melbourne. April 17, 2016. "All of humanity should share in the space mining boom," https://theconversation.com/all-of-humanity-should-share-in-the-space-mining-boom-57740~~ brett | 2/19/22 |
JF - 1NC - adv cp v6Tournament: Berkeley | Round: 6 | Opponent: Immaculate Heart JL | Judge: Claudia Ribera Russia ought to become a signatory of the Artemis Accords.China ought tobecome a signatory of the Artemis Accords,end all space cooperation with Russia, andend all space projects outside the scope of Artemis Accords.- Both comply with all of the requirements The United States ought to designate an exception to the Wolf Amendment to enable bilateral cooperation on space projects.David 21 "Can the U.S. and China Cooperate in Space?" LEONARD DAVID AUGUST 02, 2021 https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/can-the-u-s-and-china-cooperate-in-space/ SM It's competitiveNelson 20 "The Artemis Accords and the Future of International Space Law" Jack Wright Nelson ~Jack Wright Nelson is a Research Associate at the Faculty of Law of the National University of Singapore and a Member of the International Institute of Space Law. The author is grateful to the Faculty's Centre for Banking and Finance Law for supporting his ongoing research.~, December 10, 2020 https://www.asil.org/insights/volume/24/issue/31/artemis-accords-and-future-international-space-law SM Definitely applies to private entitiesDavenport 20, Christian. "Seven nations join the U.S. in signing the Artemis Accords, creating a legal framework for behavior in space" WaPo. 10-13-20. https://www.washingtonpost.com/technology/2020/10/13/artemis-moon-mining-agreement-signed/ TG Sino Russian absence decks Artemis credibility.Jhaveri 20 "Launching for Gold: The Artemis Accords and the Legality of Extraterrestrial Mining" KUNAL JHAVERI 2020 http://www.mjilonline.org/launching-for-gold-the-artemis-accords-and-the-legality-of-extraterrestrial-mining/ SM Resolves the Sino-Russia coop advantage and preserves US dominance – functionally surrenders the space race which de-escalates conflict.Whittington 21 "The new race to the moon: the Artemis Alliance vs. the Sino-Russian Axis" 3/28/21 MARK WHITTINGTON https://thehill.com/opinion/technology/545280-the-new-race-to-the-moon-the-artemis-alliance-vs-the-sino-russian-axis SM Artemis Accords establish Lunar Governance which stops resource conflicts.Elvis et al 21 Elvis, Martin, Alanna Krolikowski, and Tony Milligan. "Concentrated lunar resources: imminent implications for governance and justice." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A 379.2188 (2021): 20190563. Elmer Military escalation from Lunar Conflicts – draw-in now due to Military interests.David 21 Leonard David 12-6-2021 "Military interest in the moon is ramping up" https://www.space.com/military-interest-moon-cislunar-space (Leonard David is an award-winning space journalist who has been reporting on space activities for more than 50 years. Currently writing as Space.com's Space Insider Columnist among his other projects, Leonard has authored numerous books on space exploration, Mars missions and more, with his latest being "Moon Rush: The New Space Race" published in 2019 by National Geographic.)Elmer Space war goes nuclear.Johnson-Freese 17 Joan Johnson-Freese, Professor and chair of space science and technology @ Naval War College, 17, Space Warfare in the 21st Century, Routledge, ISBN 978131552917, p 18-20. | 2/21/22 |
JF - 1NC - ban asats cpTournament: Peninsula | Round: 6 | Opponent: Southlake Carroll PK | Judge: Saketh Kotapati CP Text: States should establish a treaty banning ASAT testing – their own ev1AC Blatt 20 Talia M. Blatt, I am a rising sophomore at Harvard, considering a joint concentration in Social Studies and Integrative Biology with a citation in Chinese. I specialize in East Asian geopolitics and security issues., 5-26-2020, "Anti-Satellite Weapons and the Emerging Space Arms Race," Harvard International Review, https://hir.harvard.edu/anti-satellite-weapons-and-the-emerging-space-arms-race/ ella | 1/23/22 |
JF - 1NC - broadband da v3Tournament: Barkley Forum | Round: 6 | Opponent: Village RB | Judge: Dhruv Channa Constellations are key to ensure indigenous access to broadband, ecological sustainability, and bridge the rural broadband gap.Vidaurri et al. '20 ~Monica, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Howard University, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center; Aparna Venkatesan, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of San Francisco; James Lowenthal, Department of Astronomy, Smith College; Parvathy Prem, Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory;. Nature Astronomy, "The impact of satellite constellations on space as an ancestral global commons," https://www.nature.com/articles/s41550-020-01238-3~~ brett ====Only ensuring large scale access to rural broadband can enable adoption of precision agriculture.==== Precision ag is key to solve ag runoff, a unique form of colonial dispossession.Ling 17, Geoffrey Ling, a retired U.S. Army colonel, is an expert in technology development and commercial transition. He is a professor of neurology at Johns Hopkins University and the Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences and a partner of Ling and Associates. Scientific American, June 26, 2017. "Precision Farming Increases Crop Yields" https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/precision-farming/ brett Gulf hypoxia is growing because of ag runoff—-it'll collapse whole oceans—-extinctionDr. Ian Hendy 17, PhD in Trophic Marine Biology, Research and Communication Officer and Senior Scientific Researcher in Marine Ecology at the University of Portsmouth, Institute of Marine Sciences Laboratories, Gulf of Mexico 'Dead Zone' Is Already A Disaster – But It Could Get Worse, Phys Org, 8-14, https://phys.org/news/2017-08-gulf-mexico-dead-zone-disaster.html Normal means is your aff says mega-constellations of satellites are a form of appropriation.Johnson 20 ~Chris, Space Law Advisor for Secure World Foundation, 9 years of professional experience in international space law and policy. J.D. from New York Law School; 2020; "The Legal Status of MegaLEO Constellations and Concerns About Appropriation of Large Swaths of Earth Orbit," https://swfound.org/media/206951/johnson2020_referenceworkentry_thelegalstatusofmegaleoconstel.pdf~~ brett *Yes this author is against constellations but they only exist to prove the link. | 1/29/22 |
JF - 1NC - innovation da v2Tournament: Berkeley | Round: 4 | Opponent: Harker PG | Judge: Gordan Krauss Private property rights are key to economic investment in spaceJose A. Martin del Campo 21, Research Assistant @ School of Law, Doctor of Law, "Finders Keepers: Who Has Say Over Private Property in Space", Texas AandM Journal of Property Law (2021) Available at: https://doi.org/10.37419/JPL.V7.I2.3 AAli Commercial space innovation stops extinctionCharles Beames 18, Chairman of the SmallSat Alliance, Executive Chairman of York Space Systems, former Principal Director of Space and Intelligence in the Office of the Undersecretary of Defense for Acquisition, Technology, and Logistics (OUSD(ATandL)), Col. (ret.) in the USAF where he served 23 years in space and intelligence leadership positions around the world, 8/8/18, "Op-ed | SmallSat Alliance is on a path toward a new space horizon," https://spacenews.com/op-ed-smallsat-alliance-is-on-a-path-toward-a-new-space-horizon/ | 2/20/22 |
JF - 1NC - mining da v5Tournament: Barkley Forum | Round: 3 | Opponent: North Allegheny RR | Judge: Chris Castillo Private companies are key to a growing space mining sector – investors, profitability, and market demand.Krishnan 20 ~C A Krishnan, 8-6-2020, "Space mining: Just around the corner?," Week, https://www.theweek.in/news/sci-tech/2020/08/06/Space-mining-Just-around-the-corner.html ~accessed 12-6-21~ lydia Space mining is key to sustain global resources — otherwise, resource wars.MacWhorter 16 ~Kevin; J.D. Candidate, William and Mary Law School, "Sustainable Mining: Incentivizing Asteroid Mining in the Name of Environmentalism", William and Mary Environmental Law and Policy Review, Vol 40, Issue 2, Article 11, https://scholarship.law.wm.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?referer=https://www.google.com/andhttpsredir=1andarticle=1653andcontext=wmelpr~~ brett Terrestrial resource scarcity goes nuclear—-we outweigh on timeframe, just the prospect of shortages triggers escalation.Klare 13 ~Michael T., The Nation's defense correspondent, is professor emeritus of peace and world-security studies at Hampshire College and senior visiting fellow at the Arms Control Association in Washington, D.C. His newest book, All Hell Breaking Loose: The Pentagon's Perspective on Climate Change, will be published this fall. 2013. "How Resource Scarcity and Climate Change Could Produce a Global Explosion," https://www.thenation.com/article/archive/how-resource-scarcity-and-climate-change-could-produce-global-explosion/~~ brett | 1/28/22 |
JF - 1NC - setcol pic v1Tournament: Barkley Forum | Round: 6 | Opponent: Village RB | Judge: Dhruv Channa We affirm indigenous futurism, while allowing commercial appropriation via private megaconstellations. We affirm the establishment of an international cultural ethics office including all indigenous nations at the forefront of decision-making regarding the appropriation of outer space by private megaconstellations.Appropriation can be good but only if it is grounded in indigenous voices. That's key to ensure space is maintained as a cultural heritage, rather than a final frontier, and meets their role of the ballot.Vidaurri et al. '20 ~Monica, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Howard University, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center; Aparna Venkatesan, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of San Francisco; James Lowenthal, Department of Astronomy, Smith College; Parvathy Prem, Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory;. Nature Astronomy, "The impact of satellite constellations on space as an ancestral global commons," https://www.nature.com/articles/s41550-020-01238-3~~ brett | 1/29/22 |
JF - 1NC - setcol pic v2Tournament: Palm Classic | Round: 6 | Opponent: Westridge TW | Judge: Grant Brown CP text:The appropriation of outer space by megaconstellations is just and ought to be managed by indigenous people, including at least the establishment of an international cultural ethics office including all indigenous nations at the forefront of decision-making regarding the appropriation of outer space by private entities.The appropriation of outerspace in all other forms is unjustAppropriation can be good but only if it is grounded in indigenous voices. That's key to ensure space is maintained as a cultural heritage, rather than a final frontier, and meets their role of the ballot.Vidaurri et al. '20 ~Monica, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Howard University, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center; Aparna Venkatesan, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of San Francisco; James Lowenthal, Department of Astronomy, Smith College; Parvathy Prem, Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory;. Nature Astronomy, "The impact of satellite constellations on space as an ancestral global commons," https://www.nature.com/articles/s41550-020-01238-3~~ brett Constellations are key to ensure indigenous access to broadband, ecological sustainability, and bridge the rural broadband gap.Vidaurri et al. '20 ~Monica, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Howard University, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center; Aparna Venkatesan, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of San Francisco; James Lowenthal, Department of Astronomy, Smith College; Parvathy Prem, Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory;. Nature Astronomy, "The impact of satellite constellations on space as an ancestral global commons," https://www.nature.com/articles/s41550-020-01238-3~~ brett ====Only ensuring large scale access to rural broadband can enable adoption of precision agriculture.==== Food shortages go nuclear.FDI 12 ~FDI; a Research institute providing strategic analysis of Australia's global interests; citing Lindsay Falvery, PhD in Agricultural Science and former Professor at the University of Melbourne's Institute of Land and Environment (Future Directions International, , "Food and Water Insecurity: International Conflict Triggers and Potential Conflict Points," http://www.futuredirections.org.au/workshop-papers/537-international-conflict-triggers-and-potential-conflict-points-resulting-from-food-and-water-insecurity.html~~ brett Normal means is your aff says mega-constellations of satellites are a form of appropriation.Johnson 20 ~Chris, Space Law Advisor for Secure World Foundation, 9 years of professional experience in international space law and policy. J.D. from New York Law School; 2020; "The Legal Status of MegaLEO Constellations and Concerns About Appropriation of Large Swaths of Earth Orbit," https://swfound.org/media/206951/johnson2020_referenceworkentry_thelegalstatusofmegaleoconstel.pdf~~ brett *Yes this author is against constellations but they only exist to prove the link. | 2/13/22 |
MA - 1NC - Cap K v2Tournament: TFA | Round: Doubles | Opponent: Clear Lake IM | Judge: Brandon Molina, Jacob Lugo, Pranav Vijayan Capitalism causes massive violence and inevitable extinction – the role of the ballot is to endorse the best organizational tactics.Escalante 19 ~Alyson Escalante, M.A., Department of Philosophy @ University of Oregon, "Truth and Practice: The Marxist Theory of Knowledge," 09/08/19, tinyurl.com/8jksnexs~ pat The 1ACs affirmation of local forms of politics disempowers political subjects and cedes the global to unfettered capitalism. Vote neg on presumption — regardless of the benefits of their method for them, fragmented politics are fundamentally non-unique and non-inherent- the aff only replicates failuresHester 17 (Helen is Associate Professor of Media and Communication at the University of West London, 9-25-17, "http://www.e-flux.com/architecture/artificial-labor/140680/promethean-labors-and-domestic-realism/")ae Capitalism is unsustainable and causes extinction — multiple intertwined crises make collapse inevitable which means its try-or-die — we got charts.von Weizsäcker and Wijkman '17 Extinction outweighsPummer 15 ~Theron, Junior Research Fellow in Philosophy at St. Anne's College, University of Oxford. "Moral Agreement on Saving the World" Practical Ethics, University of Oxford. May 18, 2015, Moral Agreement on Saving the World | Practical Ethics (ox.ac.uk)~ brett Capitalism is the root cause of IslamophobiaCole 14 Mike Cole, University of East London, UK, "Austerity/Immiseration Capitalism and Islamophobia – or Twenty-first-century Multicultural Socialism?", 2014, https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.2304/pfie.2014.12.1.79 ella Vote neg to join the party – dual power organizing is the only path to revolutionary change.Escalante '18 | 3/12/22 |
MA - 1NC - Cap K v2Tournament: TFA | Round: Doubles | Opponent: Clear Lake IM | Judge: Brandon Molina, Jacob Lugo, Pranav Vijayan Capitalism causes massive violence and inevitable extinction – the role of the ballot is to endorse the best organizational tactics.Escalante 19 ~Alyson Escalante, M.A., Department of Philosophy @ University of Oregon, "Truth and Practice: The Marxist Theory of Knowledge," 09/08/19, tinyurl.com/8jksnexs~ pat The 1ACs affirmation of local forms of politics disempowers political subjects and cedes the global to unfettered capitalism. Vote neg on presumption — regardless of the benefits of their method for them, fragmented politics are fundamentally non-unique and non-inherent- the aff only replicates failuresHester 17 (Helen is Associate Professor of Media and Communication at the University of West London, 9-25-17, "http://www.e-flux.com/architecture/artificial-labor/140680/promethean-labors-and-domestic-realism/")ae Capitalism is unsustainable and causes extinction — multiple intertwined crises make collapse inevitable which means its try-or-die — we got charts.von Weizsäcker and Wijkman '17 Extinction outweighsPummer 15 ~Theron, Junior Research Fellow in Philosophy at St. Anne's College, University of Oxford. "Moral Agreement on Saving the World" Practical Ethics, University of Oxford. May 18, 2015, Moral Agreement on Saving the World | Practical Ethics (ox.ac.uk)~ brett Capitalism is the root cause of IslamophobiaCole 14 Mike Cole, University of East London, UK, "Austerity/Immiseration Capitalism and Islamophobia – or Twenty-first-century Multicultural Socialism?", 2014, https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.2304/pfie.2014.12.1.79 ella Vote neg to join the party – dual power organizing is the only path to revolutionary change.Escalante '18 | 3/12/22 |
MA - 1NC - Cap K v2Tournament: TFA | Round: Doubles | Opponent: Clear Lake IM | Judge: Brandon Molina, Jacob Lugo, Pranav Vijayan Capitalism causes massive violence and inevitable extinction – the role of the ballot is to endorse the best organizational tactics.Escalante 19 ~Alyson Escalante, M.A., Department of Philosophy @ University of Oregon, "Truth and Practice: The Marxist Theory of Knowledge," 09/08/19, tinyurl.com/8jksnexs~ pat The 1ACs affirmation of local forms of politics disempowers political subjects and cedes the global to unfettered capitalism. Vote neg on presumption — regardless of the benefits of their method for them, fragmented politics are fundamentally non-unique and non-inherent- the aff only replicates failuresHester 17 (Helen is Associate Professor of Media and Communication at the University of West London, 9-25-17, "http://www.e-flux.com/architecture/artificial-labor/140680/promethean-labors-and-domestic-realism/")ae Capitalism is unsustainable and causes extinction — multiple intertwined crises make collapse inevitable which means its try-or-die — we got charts.von Weizsäcker and Wijkman '17 Extinction outweighsPummer 15 ~Theron, Junior Research Fellow in Philosophy at St. Anne's College, University of Oxford. "Moral Agreement on Saving the World" Practical Ethics, University of Oxford. May 18, 2015, Moral Agreement on Saving the World | Practical Ethics (ox.ac.uk)~ brett Capitalism is the root cause of IslamophobiaCole 14 Mike Cole, University of East London, UK, "Austerity/Immiseration Capitalism and Islamophobia – or Twenty-first-century Multicultural Socialism?", 2014, https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.2304/pfie.2014.12.1.79 ella Vote neg to join the party – dual power organizing is the only path to revolutionary change.Escalante '18 | 3/12/22 |
MA - 1NC - EU CPTournament: TFA | Round: 4 | Opponent: Strake Jesuit MS | Judge: Avery Wilson CP Text: the European Union should grant Ukraine membership.Solves EU legitimacy and warKuleba 3-9 Dmytro Kuleba, Ukrainian politician, diplomat, and communications specialist, currently serving as Minister of Foreign Affairs. He is also concurrently a member of the National Defense and Security Council of Ukraine. Kuleba is one of the youngest senior-diplomats in Ukraine's history, 3-9-2022, "Dmytro Kuleba: the EU must grant Ukraine membership now," Financial Times, https://www.ft.com/content/16f6b1f2-4019-4c1b-82a2-a18594932038 ella | 3/11/22 |
MA - 1NC - PIC v1Tournament: TFA | Round: Doubles | Opponent: Clear Lake IM | Judge: Brandon Molina, Jacob Lugo, Pranav Vijayan CP text: A free press ought to advocate against Western Epistemology that otherizes Muslims.Negates because If you win there are instances where the resolution is false the resolution is false AND pics are key to fairness - on an incredibly aff biased topic we need multiple avenues of engagementObjectivity creates media bubbles and right wing news.Kelkar 19 (Shreeharsh. Shreeharsh Kelkar is lecturer in the Interdisciplinary Studies Field Major at UC Berkeley), Engaging Science, Technology, and Society 5 (2019), 86-106, Post-truth and the Search for Objectivity: Political Polarization and the Remaking of Knowledge Production | 3/12/22 |
MA - 1NC - PIC v1Tournament: TFA | Round: Doubles | Opponent: Clear Lake IM | Judge: Brandon Molina, Jacob Lugo, Pranav Vijayan CP text: A free press ought to advocate against Western Epistemology that otherizes Muslims.Negates because If you win there are instances where the resolution is false the resolution is false AND pics are key to fairness - on an incredibly aff biased topic we need multiple avenues of engagementObjectivity creates media bubbles and right wing news.Kelkar 19 (Shreeharsh. Shreeharsh Kelkar is lecturer in the Interdisciplinary Studies Field Major at UC Berkeley), Engaging Science, Technology, and Society 5 (2019), 86-106, Post-truth and the Search for Objectivity: Political Polarization and the Remaking of Knowledge Production | 3/12/22 |
MA - 1NC - PIC v1Tournament: TFA | Round: Doubles | Opponent: Clear Lake IM | Judge: Brandon Molina, Jacob Lugo, Pranav Vijayan CP text: A free press ought to advocate against Western Epistemology that otherizes Muslims.Negates because If you win there are instances where the resolution is false the resolution is false AND pics are key to fairness - on an incredibly aff biased topic we need multiple avenues of engagementObjectivity creates media bubbles and right wing news.Kelkar 19 (Shreeharsh. Shreeharsh Kelkar is lecturer in the Interdisciplinary Studies Field Major at UC Berkeley), Engaging Science, Technology, and Society 5 (2019), 86-106, Post-truth and the Search for Objectivity: Political Polarization and the Remaking of Knowledge Production | 3/12/22 |
MA - 1NC - T - PolandTournament: TFA | Round: 4 | Opponent: Strake Jesuit MS | Judge: Avery Wilson Two violations:1~ "A" is an indefinite article that modifies "democracy" in the res – means that you have to prove the resolution true as a whole, not in a particular instanceCCC ("Articles, Determiners, and Quantifiers", http://grammar.ccc.commnet.edu/grammar/determiners/determiners.htm~~#articles, Capital Community College Foundation, a nonprofit 501 c-3 organization that supports scholarships, faculty development, and curriculum innovation) LHSLA JC/SJ==== 2~ Poland is not a democracyVock 21 Ido Vock, Europe correspondent at the New Statesman, 11-5-2021, "Dispatch: Poland is no longer a democracy, claim rule of law activists," New Statesman, https://www.newstatesman.com/world/europe/2021/11/dispatch-polands-rule-of-law-crisis-deepens-with-fears-for-its-democracy ella Violation: they spec PolandStandards:~1~ precision – the counter-interp justifies them arbitrarily doing away with random words in the resolution which decks neg ground and prep because the aff is no longer bounded by the resolution. Independent voter for jurisdiction – the judge doesn't have the jurisdiction to vote aff if there wasn't a legitimate aff.~2~ limits – there are over 150 coutnries in the world and 75 democracies alone, explodes limits since there are tons of independent affs plus functionally infinite combinations, all with different advantages in different political situations like the US, Nauru, Tuvalu, Chagos Islands, SoKo, Norway, etc. - Kills neg prep and debatability since there are no DAs that apply to every aff - key to fairness because if there are infinite limits for the aff I can never predict what they'll advocate for.DTD to deter future abuseCI cause reasonability is arbitrary and invites judge interventionNo RVIs – a~ illogical to win for being fair b~ forces us into theory debates which kills substance c~ theory is chilled which kills normsNeg theory first because AFF abuse made it impossible to engage so any neg abuse was to get back in the game. | 3/11/22 |
MA - 1NC - TFW v1Tournament: TFA | Round: 6 | Opponent: Sandra Day OConnor WW | Judge: Brandon Molina Interpretation: the affirmative must be topical"Resolved" denotes a formal resolution.AWS '13 ~Army Writing Style; August 24th; Online resource dedicated to all major writing requirements in the Army; Army Writing Style, "Punctuation — The Colon and Semicolon," https://armywritingstyle.com/punctuation-the-colon-and-semicolon/~~ "Resolved" requires a policy.Merriam Webster '18 (Merriam Webster; 2018 Edition; Online dictionary and legal resource; Merriam Webster, "resolve," https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/resolve; RP)
Objectivity means free of biasMerriam Webster "Objectivity", https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/objectivity
Among us is biasedJames Bigley II, an award-winning writer and editor from Cleveland, Ohio. His work has appeared in Cleveland Magazine and EGM, 2-3-2021, "'Among Us' Taps Into Our Obsession With Betrayal," Wired, https://www.wired.com/story/among-us-psychology-betrayal/ ella A democracy means elections and checks and balancesEpstein et al. 7 Among Us is not a government lolViolation: they defend Among Us1~ That's necessary for limits and ground — redefining portions of the resolution permits endless reclarification AND creates incentives to focus 1 part of the library for 4 years — only aligning pre-round research with agent and mechanism solves.2~ Iterative testing – the process of engaging in research around a limited and predictable topic empirically produces better advocates because they're better prepared to defend their positions.Iverson '9 ~Joel; 2009; Associate Professor of Communication at the University of Montana, Ph.D in Communication from Arizona State University Relations at the University of Sydney; Debate Central, "Can Cutting Cards Carve into Our Personal Lives: An Analysis of Debate Research on Personal Advocacy," https://debate.uvm.edu/dybvigiverson1000.html~~ brett 3~ SSD is good and solves – it forces debaters to consider a controversial issue from multiple perspectives. Non-T affs allow individuals to establish their own metrics for what they want to debate leading to ideological dogmatism –the process of defending and answering proposals is a benefit of engaging the topic and they could just read the K on the neg4~ Small schools disad— under-resourced are most adversely effected by a massive, unpredictable caselist which worsens structural disparities. Inclusion is an independent voter – you can't debate if you can't participate which is a prerequisite to accessing their benefits and ensures everyone gains from the activity.5~ Fairness — an unlimited, unpredictable topic disparately raises the research burden for the neg — treat this is a sufficient win condition because fairness is the logical structure that undergirds all impacts AND controls any benefit to debate.Dascal and Knoll '11 ~Marcelo and Amnon; May 18th; former Professor of Philosophy at Tel Aviv University, B.A. in Philosophy from the University of Sao Paulo; former Professor of Philosophy at Tel Aviv University; Argumentation: Cognition and Community, "'Cognitive systemic dichotomization' in public argumentation and controversies," p. 20-25~ Fairness is a voter since it's constitutive of debate and comes before education since if I can't engage w/ the aff there's no way to get any education. It outweighs on irreversibility since we can always get education from other rounds but can never undo an unfair decision. Jurisdiction is a voter since judges can't vote on the aff if it wasn't topical.Competing interps on T – A~ topicality is a yes/no question, you can't be reasonably topical B~ norm setting – reasonability is arbitrary, invites judge intervention, and causes a race to the bottomDrop the debater a~ dropping the arg is severance which moots 7 minutes of 1nc offense b~ illogical on fwThey can't weigh the case—lack of preround prep means their truth claims are untested which you should presume false—they're also only winning case because we couldn't engage with it | 3/12/22 |
MA - 1NC - TFW v1Tournament: TFA | Round: 6 | Opponent: Sandra Day OConnor WW | Judge: Brandon Molina Interpretation: the affirmative must be topical"Resolved" denotes a formal resolution.AWS '13 ~Army Writing Style; August 24th; Online resource dedicated to all major writing requirements in the Army; Army Writing Style, "Punctuation — The Colon and Semicolon," https://armywritingstyle.com/punctuation-the-colon-and-semicolon/~~ "Resolved" requires a policy.Merriam Webster '18 (Merriam Webster; 2018 Edition; Online dictionary and legal resource; Merriam Webster, "resolve," https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/resolve; RP)
Objectivity means free of biasMerriam Webster "Objectivity", https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/objectivity
Among us is biasedJames Bigley II, an award-winning writer and editor from Cleveland, Ohio. His work has appeared in Cleveland Magazine and EGM, 2-3-2021, "'Among Us' Taps Into Our Obsession With Betrayal," Wired, https://www.wired.com/story/among-us-psychology-betrayal/ ella A democracy means elections and checks and balancesEpstein et al. 7 Among Us is not a government lolViolation: they defend Among Us1~ That's necessary for limits and ground — redefining portions of the resolution permits endless reclarification AND creates incentives to focus 1 part of the library for 4 years — only aligning pre-round research with agent and mechanism solves.2~ Iterative testing – the process of engaging in research around a limited and predictable topic empirically produces better advocates because they're better prepared to defend their positions.Iverson '9 ~Joel; 2009; Associate Professor of Communication at the University of Montana, Ph.D in Communication from Arizona State University Relations at the University of Sydney; Debate Central, "Can Cutting Cards Carve into Our Personal Lives: An Analysis of Debate Research on Personal Advocacy," https://debate.uvm.edu/dybvigiverson1000.html~~ brett 3~ SSD is good and solves – it forces debaters to consider a controversial issue from multiple perspectives. Non-T affs allow individuals to establish their own metrics for what they want to debate leading to ideological dogmatism –the process of defending and answering proposals is a benefit of engaging the topic and they could just read the K on the neg4~ Small schools disad— under-resourced are most adversely effected by a massive, unpredictable caselist which worsens structural disparities. Inclusion is an independent voter – you can't debate if you can't participate which is a prerequisite to accessing their benefits and ensures everyone gains from the activity.5~ Fairness — an unlimited, unpredictable topic disparately raises the research burden for the neg — treat this is a sufficient win condition because fairness is the logical structure that undergirds all impacts AND controls any benefit to debate.Dascal and Knoll '11 ~Marcelo and Amnon; May 18th; former Professor of Philosophy at Tel Aviv University, B.A. in Philosophy from the University of Sao Paulo; former Professor of Philosophy at Tel Aviv University; Argumentation: Cognition and Community, "'Cognitive systemic dichotomization' in public argumentation and controversies," p. 20-25~ Fairness is a voter since it's constitutive of debate and comes before education since if I can't engage w/ the aff there's no way to get any education. It outweighs on irreversibility since we can always get education from other rounds but can never undo an unfair decision. Jurisdiction is a voter since judges can't vote on the aff if it wasn't topical.Competing interps on T – A~ topicality is a yes/no question, you can't be reasonably topical B~ norm setting – reasonability is arbitrary, invites judge intervention, and causes a race to the bottomDrop the debater a~ dropping the arg is severance which moots 7 minutes of 1nc offense b~ illogical on fwThey can't weigh the case—lack of preround prep means their truth claims are untested which you should presume false—they're also only winning case because we couldn't engage with it | 3/12/22 |
MA - 1NC - TFW v2Tournament: TFA | Round: Doubles | Opponent: Clear Lake IM | Judge: Brandon Molina, Jacob Lugo, Pranav Vijayan Interpretation: the affirmative must be topical"Resolved" denotes a formal resolution.AWS '13 ~Army Writing Style; August 24th; Online resource dedicated to all major writing requirements in the Army; Army Writing Style, "Punctuation — The Colon and Semicolon," https://armywritingstyle.com/punctuation-the-colon-and-semicolon/~~ Objectivity means free of biasMerriam Webster "Objectivity", https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/objectivity
A democracy means elections, checks, and balances in a governmentEpstein et al. 7 Violation: CX was very clear they generate offense from discussions AND they literally just chopped off the first three words "in a democracy" off of the resolution1~ That's necessary for limits and ground — redefining portions of the resolution permits endless reclarification AND creates incentives to focus 1 part of the library for 4 years — only aligning pre-round research with agent and mechanism solves.At best they're extra T because they can attach an unlimited amount of mechanisms to dodge neg ground and this is pre-fiat2~ Iterative testing – the process of engaging in research around a limited and predictable topic empirically produces better advocates because they're better prepared to defend their positions.Iverson '9 ~Joel; 2009; Associate Professor of Communication at the University of Montana, Ph.D in Communication from Arizona State University Relations at the University of Sydney; Debate Central, "Can Cutting Cards Carve into Our Personal Lives: An Analysis of Debate Research on Personal Advocacy," https://debate.uvm.edu/dybvigiverson1000.html~~ brett 3~ SSD is good and solves – it forces debaters to consider a controversial issue from multiple perspectives rather than leading to ideological dogmatism –the process of defending and answering proposals is a benefit of engaging the topic and they could just read the K on the neg4~ Fairness — an unlimited, unpredictable topic disparately raises the research burden for the neg — treat this is a sufficient win condition because fairness is the logical structure that undergirds all impacts AND controls any benefit to debate.Competing interps on T – A~ topicality is a yes/no question, you can't be reasonably topical B~ norm setting – reasonability is arbitrary, invites judge intervention, and causes a race to the bottomDrop the debater a~ dropping the arg is severance which moots 7 minutes of 1nc offense b~ illogical on fwThey can't weigh the case—lack of preround prep means their truth claims are untested which you should presume false—they're also only winning case because we couldn't engage with it | 3/12/22 |
MA - 1NC - TFW v2Tournament: TFA | Round: Doubles | Opponent: Clear Lake IM | Judge: Brandon Molina, Jacob Lugo, Pranav Vijayan Interpretation: the affirmative must be topical"Resolved" denotes a formal resolution.AWS '13 ~Army Writing Style; August 24th; Online resource dedicated to all major writing requirements in the Army; Army Writing Style, "Punctuation — The Colon and Semicolon," https://armywritingstyle.com/punctuation-the-colon-and-semicolon/~~ Objectivity means free of biasMerriam Webster "Objectivity", https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/objectivity
A democracy means elections, checks, and balances in a governmentEpstein et al. 7 Violation: CX was very clear they generate offense from discussions AND they literally just chopped off the first three words "in a democracy" off of the resolution1~ That's necessary for limits and ground — redefining portions of the resolution permits endless reclarification AND creates incentives to focus 1 part of the library for 4 years — only aligning pre-round research with agent and mechanism solves.At best they're extra T because they can attach an unlimited amount of mechanisms to dodge neg ground and this is pre-fiat2~ Iterative testing – the process of engaging in research around a limited and predictable topic empirically produces better advocates because they're better prepared to defend their positions.Iverson '9 ~Joel; 2009; Associate Professor of Communication at the University of Montana, Ph.D in Communication from Arizona State University Relations at the University of Sydney; Debate Central, "Can Cutting Cards Carve into Our Personal Lives: An Analysis of Debate Research on Personal Advocacy," https://debate.uvm.edu/dybvigiverson1000.html~~ brett 3~ SSD is good and solves – it forces debaters to consider a controversial issue from multiple perspectives rather than leading to ideological dogmatism –the process of defending and answering proposals is a benefit of engaging the topic and they could just read the K on the neg4~ Fairness — an unlimited, unpredictable topic disparately raises the research burden for the neg — treat this is a sufficient win condition because fairness is the logical structure that undergirds all impacts AND controls any benefit to debate.Competing interps on T – A~ topicality is a yes/no question, you can't be reasonably topical B~ norm setting – reasonability is arbitrary, invites judge intervention, and causes a race to the bottomDrop the debater a~ dropping the arg is severance which moots 7 minutes of 1nc offense b~ illogical on fwThey can't weigh the case—lack of preround prep means their truth claims are untested which you should presume false—they're also only winning case because we couldn't engage with it | 3/12/22 |
MA - 1NC - TFW v2Tournament: TFA | Round: Doubles | Opponent: Clear Lake IM | Judge: Brandon Molina, Jacob Lugo, Pranav Vijayan Interpretation: the affirmative must be topical"Resolved" denotes a formal resolution.AWS '13 ~Army Writing Style; August 24th; Online resource dedicated to all major writing requirements in the Army; Army Writing Style, "Punctuation — The Colon and Semicolon," https://armywritingstyle.com/punctuation-the-colon-and-semicolon/~~ Objectivity means free of biasMerriam Webster "Objectivity", https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/objectivity
A democracy means elections, checks, and balances in a governmentEpstein et al. 7 Violation: CX was very clear they generate offense from discussions AND they literally just chopped off the first three words "in a democracy" off of the resolution1~ That's necessary for limits and ground — redefining portions of the resolution permits endless reclarification AND creates incentives to focus 1 part of the library for 4 years — only aligning pre-round research with agent and mechanism solves.At best they're extra T because they can attach an unlimited amount of mechanisms to dodge neg ground and this is pre-fiat2~ Iterative testing – the process of engaging in research around a limited and predictable topic empirically produces better advocates because they're better prepared to defend their positions.Iverson '9 ~Joel; 2009; Associate Professor of Communication at the University of Montana, Ph.D in Communication from Arizona State University Relations at the University of Sydney; Debate Central, "Can Cutting Cards Carve into Our Personal Lives: An Analysis of Debate Research on Personal Advocacy," https://debate.uvm.edu/dybvigiverson1000.html~~ brett 3~ SSD is good and solves – it forces debaters to consider a controversial issue from multiple perspectives rather than leading to ideological dogmatism –the process of defending and answering proposals is a benefit of engaging the topic and they could just read the K on the neg4~ Fairness — an unlimited, unpredictable topic disparately raises the research burden for the neg — treat this is a sufficient win condition because fairness is the logical structure that undergirds all impacts AND controls any benefit to debate.Competing interps on T – A~ topicality is a yes/no question, you can't be reasonably topical B~ norm setting – reasonability is arbitrary, invites judge intervention, and causes a race to the bottomDrop the debater a~ dropping the arg is severance which moots 7 minutes of 1nc offense b~ illogical on fwThey can't weigh the case—lack of preround prep means their truth claims are untested which you should presume false—they're also only winning case because we couldn't engage with it | 3/12/22 |
MA - 1NC - Welfare cpTournament: TFA | Round: 4 | Opponent: Strake Jesuit MS | Judge: Avery Wilson CP Text: the Civic Platform in the Peoples Republic of Poland should create a new welfare state model.Examples include: UBIs, child subsidies, taxing the Catholic Church, greater education access, etc.Independently proves objectivity fails but the squo solves and the PiS will never take overSierakowski 19 Slawomir Sierakowski is the founder of the Krytyka Polityczna movement and a senior fellow at the German Council on Foreign Relations, 10-9-2019, "Why Poland's Populists Keep Winning", Foreign Policy, https://foreignpolicy.com/2019/10/09/polands-populism-winning-welfare-state/ ella | 3/11/22 |
MA - 1NC - cap K v1Tournament: TFA | Round: 2 | Opponent: Elkins RS | Judge: Adrian Sendejas Capitalism causes massive violence and inevitable extinction – the role of the ballot is to endorse the best organizational tactics.Escalante 19 ~Alyson Escalante, M.A., Department of Philosophy @ University of Oregon, "Truth and Practice: The Marxist Theory of Knowledge," 09/08/19, tinyurl.com/8jksnexs~ pat Objectivity only reifies capitalism through constant reproduction of itself – only advocacy journalism solvesGonzalez 13 Christine LeFevere-Gonzalez, B.S. University of Texas at Austin and M.A. University of Colorado at Boulder, A dissertation submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate School of the University of Colorado in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, Journalism and Mass Communication, 2013, "Rewriting the Rulebook, Revamping an Industry: Objectivity and Professional Journalism in Transition in the Modern Media Ecology" https://scholar.colorado.edu/downloads/n870zr01k// ella ~brackets in original text~ Democracy sustains capitalism in a way that only advocacy can overcomeSingh 89 Rustam Singh, Panjab University, Department of Political Science, 1-28-1989, "Status of Violence in Marx's Theory of Revolution", Economic and Political Weekly, https://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/4394305.pdf?refreqid=excelsior3A18f2ce3b0e46ab2a827fbbac9dc397bcandab_segments=andorigin= ella Capitalism is unsustainable and plunging the world into over-accumulation, extinction through nuclear war, climate change, super-viruses, fascism, and rampant inequality.Robinson, 21 Vote neg to join the party – dual power organizing is the only path to revolutionary change.Escalante '18 | 3/10/22 |
MA - 1NC - climate change da v1Tournament: TFA | Round: 4 | Opponent: Strake Jesuit MS | Judge: Avery Wilson Poland climate advocacy key to activism that drastically changes policies – it's too late for education and squo policies are not enuogh- objectivity makes it impossible bc media is upheld by the rich Objectivity isn't enough and has no impact — everyone already knows.Salvesen 19 ~Ingerid; Masters degree from the Centre for Development and the Environment at the University of Oslo and a bachelor degree in Journalism from Oslo and Akershus University College and Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile in Santiago, Chile. Reuters Institute Fellowship Paper @ University of Oxford; "Should journalists campaign on climate change?" https://reutersinstitute.politics.ox.ac.uk/sites/default/files/2019-01/Paper2C20Salvesen20-20RISJ20FINAL_0.pdf~~ brett Extinction.Dr. Yew-Kwang Ng 19, Winsemius Professor of Economics at Nanyang Technological University, Fellow of the Academy of Social Sciences in Australia and Member of Advisory Board at the Global Priorities Institute at Oxford University, PhD in Economics from Sydney University, "Keynote: Global Extinction and Animal Welfare: Two Priorities for Effective Altruism", Global Policy, Volume 10, Number 2, May 2019, pp. 258–266 Warming is a threat multiplier that encompasses all impacts.Dr. Michael T. Klare 20, Five Colleges Professor of Peace and World Security Studies at Hampshire College, Ph.D. from the Graduate School of the Union Institute, BA and MA from Columbia University, Member of the Board of Director at the Arms Control Association, Defense Correspondent for The Nation, "How Rising Temperatures Increase the Likelihood of Nuclear War", The Nation, 1/13/2020, https://www.thenation.com/article/archive/nuclear-defense-climate-change/ | 3/11/22 |
ND- 1NC- BizCon DA v1Tournament: Apple Valley | Round: 4 | Opponent: Lexington EY | Judge: Fabrice Etienne Business confidence is strong, driving economic recovery.Halloran '9-14 ~Michael; 2021; M.B.A. from Carnegie Mellon University, former aerospace research engineer, Equity Strategist; Janney, "Despite Potential Headwinds, Key Labor Market Indicators Bode Well for the Economy," https://www.janney.com/latest-articles-commentary/all-insights/insights/2021/09/14/despite-potential-headwinds-key-labor-market-indicators-bode-well-for-the-economy~~ The AFF devastates the economy.Mlungisi Tenza 20, LLB LLM LLD Senior Lecturer, University of KwaZulu-Natal. Based on a paper presented at the Nelson Mandela University Labour Law Conference on "Labour Dispute Resolution, Substantive Labour Law and Social Justice Developments in South Africa, Mauritius and Beyond" from 19–21 July 2019 in Mauritius. "THE EFFECTS OF VIOLENT STRIKES ON THE ECONOMY OF A DEVELOPING COUNTRY: A CASE OF SOUTH AFRICA" http://www.scielo.org.za/pdf/obiter/v41n3/04.pdf brett Just short-term disruptions stop economic recovery.Shannon Pettypiece 10-24, senior White House reporter for NBCNews.com. October 24, 2021. "Biden on the sidelines of 'Striketober,' with economy in the balance" https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/white-house/biden-sidelines-striketober-economy-balance-n1282094 brett Decline cascades—-nuclear warDr. Mathew Maavak 21, PhD in Risk Foresight from the Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, External Researcher (PLATBIDAFO) at the Kazimieras Simonavicius University, Expert and Regular Commentator on Risk-Related Geostrategic Issues at the Russian International Affairs Council, "Horizon 2030: Will Emerging Risks Unravel Our Global Systems?", Salus Journal – The Australian Journal for Law Enforcement, Security and Intelligence Professionals, Volume 9, Number 1, p. 2-8 | 11/6/21 |
ND- 1NC- BizCon DA v2Tournament: UT | Round: 2 | Opponent: Memorial SC | Judge: Samantha Mcloughlin DABusiness confidence is strong, driving US economic recovery.Halloran '9-14 ~Michael; 2021; M.B.A. from Carnegie Mellon University, former aerospace research engineer, Equity Strategist; Janney, "Despite Potential Headwinds, Key Labor Market Indicators Bode Well for the Economy," https://www.janney.com/latest-articles-commentary/all-insights/insights/2021/09/14/despite-potential-headwinds-key-labor-market-indicators-bode-well-for-the-economy~~ A communist party organizing revolutionary strikes dooms recovery.Mlungisi Tenza 20, LLB LLM LLD Senior Lecturer, University of KwaZulu-Natal. Based on a paper presented at the Nelson Mandela University Labour Law Conference on "Labour Dispute Resolution, Substantive Labour Law and Social Justice Developments in South Africa, Mauritius and Beyond" from 19–21 July 2019 in Mauritius. "THE EFFECTS OF VIOLENT STRIKES ON THE ECONOMY OF A DEVELOPING COUNTRY: A CASE OF SOUTH AFRICA" http://www.scielo.org.za/pdf/obiter/v41n3/04.pdf brett The impact is global war AND existential terror, prolif, disease, and pollution are inevitable unless the U.S. maintains economic strength.Dr. Richard Haass 20, Master's and Doctorate of Philosophy Degrees from Oxford University, Former Director of Policy Planning for the Department of State, Veteran Diplomat Under 4 Presidential Administrations, Awarded the Presidential Citizens Medal, Rhodes Scholar, "International Relations In The COVID-19 Era: Richard Haass On What Comes After A Pandemic", Interview with Meghna Chakrabarti and Jack Beatty on NPR's On Point, 4/22/2020, https://www.wbur.org/onpoint/2020/04/22/international-relations-coronavirus-richard-haass ~Transcribed by Otter.ai, Grammatical transcription edits by Casey Harrigan~ Collapse of US primacy causes extinction via transition wars. The structure of the international system explains conflict.Michael Beckley 18. Professor of political science at Tufts. Unrivaled: Why America Will Remain the World's Sole Superpower. Cornell University Press. | 12/4/21 |
ND- 1NC- BizCon DA v3Tournament: UT | Round: 4 | Opponent: Dulles VN | Judge: Sreyaash Das Business confidence is strong, driving economic recovery.Halloran '9-14 ~Michael; 2021; M.B.A. from Carnegie Mellon University, former aerospace research engineer, Equity Strategist; Janney, "Despite Potential Headwinds, Key Labor Market Indicators Bode Well for the Economy," https://www.janney.com/latest-articles-commentary/all-insights/insights/2021/09/14/despite-potential-headwinds-key-labor-market-indicators-bode-well-for-the-economy~~ The AFF devastates the economy.Mlungisi Tenza 20, LLB LLM LLD Senior Lecturer, University of KwaZulu-Natal. Based on a paper presented at the Nelson Mandela University Labour Law Conference on "Labour Dispute Resolution, Substantive Labour Law and Social Justice Developments in South Africa, Mauritius and Beyond" from 19–21 July 2019 in Mauritius. "THE EFFECTS OF VIOLENT STRIKES ON THE ECONOMY OF A DEVELOPING COUNTRY: A CASE OF SOUTH AFRICA" http://www.scielo.org.za/pdf/obiter/v41n3/04.pdf brett Decline cascades—-nuclear warDr. Mathew Maavak 21, PhD in Risk Foresight from the Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, External Researcher (PLATBIDAFO) at the Kazimieras Simonavicius University, Expert and Regular Commentator on Risk-Related Geostrategic Issues at the Russian International Affairs Council, "Horizon 2030: Will Emerging Risks Unravel Our Global Systems?", Salus Journal – The Australian Journal for Law Enforcement, Security and Intelligence Professionals, Volume 9, Number 1, p. 2-8 | 12/4/21 |
ND- 1NC- T- unconditionalTournament: Apple Valley | Round: 6 | Opponent: Peninsula SM | Judge: Joshua St Peter 1Interpretation: Debaters defend that a just government ought to recognize all workers have the right to strike.Unconditionally means without a condition or qualification.https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/unconditionally
Violation- they limit their advocacy to just healthcare workersStandards-1~ Precision- Topic wording is the basis of all prep since it's the only thing we have to prep off of, so jettisoning it creates a lack of stable ground- its also a voter for jurisdiction because judges are constrained by the ballot to vote on the topic- if they say jurisdiction doesn't matter then just hack for me bc theres no repercussion2~ Arbitrarily jettisoning words from the resolution kills limits both in the amount of unreasonable semantic interpetations of the resolution as well as specifying jobs- theres literally endless industries with specific unions for each job and its unreasonable to expect the neg should prep them all- kills specific and nuanced engagementTVA- Defend a just government ought to recognize the unconditional right of all workers to strikeFairness is a voter-a~ it's a metaconstraint to your ability to evaluate the rest of the round objectively because it skewed my strategyb~ the fact we both came here to win proves debate is a game- skewing it to one side kills incentive to play it in the first place and collapses its structureCompeting interps to set the best norms through weighing standards- you cant be reasonably topicalDTD- theres no arg to drop and it indicts the entire affEvaluate T before 1AR theory – a) norms – we only have a couple months to set T norms but can set 1AR theory norms anytime, b) magnitude – T affects a larger portion of the debate since the aff advocacy determines every speech after it No RVIs a) illogical – you shouldn't win for being fair – it's a litmus test for engaging in substance, b) norming – I can't concede the counterinterp if I realize I'm wrong which forces me to argue for bad norms | 11/6/21 |
ND- 1NC- TFW v2Tournament: UT | Round: 2 | Opponent: Memorial SC | Judge: Samantha Mcloughlin TInterpretation: The affirmative must defend topical action by current governmental bodies."Resolved" denotes a formal resolution.AWS '13 ~Army Writing Style; August 24th; Online resource dedicated to all major writing requirements in the Army; Army Writing Style, "Punctuation — The Colon and Semicolon," https://armywritingstyle.com/punctuation-the-colon-and-semicolon/~~ A just "government" must be a sovereign law-making body.Merriam-Webster No Date, https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/government brett Their "Ought" definition is mis-cut — it says present AND future time, which indicates action by present actors that is maintained into the future, such as the US passing a law and keeping it, NOT a new actor coming into government down the line and passing a law. Added yellow.English Grammar 10 ~"Must and Ought to"; English Grammar; August 16, 2010; https://www.englishgrammar.org/must-and-ought-to/ BWSWJ~ "Guarantee~ing~" the "right to strike" requires the law to be upheld or changed.NLRB No Date, https://www.nlrb.gov/strikes brett Violation: A vanguard taking power requires organizing, revolution, and overhauling the state that doesn't even exist yet does not change current sovereign laws.—they talk about political grammar in cross which is extra T in crossThat's necessary for limits and ground — anything other than immediate governmental fiat devastates research because debaters can spike out of neg offense like Politics and counterplans that dooms predictable generics. They justify policy AFFs that occur in 40 years to protect labor unions on Mars that avoids every single piece of topic offense.The impact is fairness — an unlimited, unpredictable topic disparately raises the research burden for the negative — treat this is a sufficient win condition because fairness is the logical structure that undergirds all impacts AND controls any benefit to debate. All responses and turns presume fairness is good in asking to be evaluated fairly which concedes competitive incentives exist behind all arguments.That turns case — rigorous research around policy questions makes us better Marxists because we can better convince people to our side BUT giving up a predictable and fair topic cedes dialogue to the fascists. | 12/4/21 |
ND- 1NC- cap K v1Tournament: Apple Valley | Round: 6 | Opponent: Peninsula SM | Judge: Joshua St Peter Capitalism causes massive violence and inevitable extinction – the role of the ballot is to endorse the best organizational tactics.Escalante 19 ~Alyson Escalante, M.A., Department of Philosophy @ University of Oregon, "Truth and Practice: The Marxist Theory of Knowledge," 09/08/19, tinyurl.com/8jksnexs~ pat The affirmation of the right to strike as something to be recognized places the energy that drives class struggle into containment, rendering the right conditional.Marc Crépon and Micol Bez 19; Marc Crépon is a French philosopher and academic who writes on the subject of languages and communities in the French and German philosophies and contemporary political and moral philosophy. Micol Bez @ CPES (Cycle Pluridisciplinaire d'Études Supérieures) at the University of Paris Sciences and Letters. The Right to Strike and Legal War in Walter Benjamin's "Toward the Critique of Violence". Critical Times 1 August 2019; 2 (2): 252–260. https://read.dukeupress.edu/critical-times/article/2/2/252/141479/The-Right-to-Strike-and-Legal-War-in-Walter brett Capitalism is unsustainable and plunging the world into a global civil war – ramping up tensions with Russia and China to distract from crises accelerates the tendency to over-accumulate, causing extinction through nuclear war, climate change, super-viruses, the rise of fascism, and rampant inequality.Robinson, 21 Vote neg to join the party – dual power organizing is the only path to revolutionary change.Escalante '18 | 11/6/21 |
ND- 1NC- cap K v2Tournament: UT | Round: 6 | Opponent: Plano East AW | Judge: Dylan Jones K—capCapitalism causes massive violence and inevitable extinction – the role of the ballot is to endorse the best organizational tactics.Escalante 19 ~Alyson Escalante, M.A., Department of Philosophy @ University of Oregon, "Truth and Practice: The Marxist Theory of Knowledge," 09/08/19, tinyurl.com/8jksnexs~ pat The affirmation of the right to strike as something to be recognized places the energy that drives class struggle into containment, rendering the right conditional.Marc Crépon and Micol Bez 19; Marc Crépon is a French philosopher and academic who writes on the subject of languages and communities in the French and German philosophies and contemporary political and moral philosophy. Micol Bez @ CPES (Cycle Pluridisciplinaire d'Études Supérieures) at the University of Paris Sciences and Letters. The Right to Strike and Legal War in Walter Benjamin's "Toward the Critique of Violence". Critical Times 1 August 2019; 2 (2): 252–260. https://read.dukeupress.edu/critical-times/article/2/2/252/141479/The-Right-to-Strike-and-Legal-War-in-Walter brett Vote neg to join the party – dual power organizing is the only path to revolutionary change.Escalante '18 | 12/4/21 |
ND- 1NC- food PICTournament: UT | Round: 2 | Opponent: Memorial SC | Judge: Samantha Mcloughlin PICA just government ought to recognize the right of workers to strike, except for workers who are essential to food supply. A revolutionary vanguard ought to provide workers who are essential to the food supply with a right to impartial conciliation followed by arbitration procedures without recognizing their right to strike.====Workers right to strike can be conditional in the context of food supply—-exceptions are limited to avoid abuses, AND enable alternatives that channel worker demands==== ====The plan defends food worker strikes. Those cause food insecurity—-empirics==== Goes nuclearHartley et al 12 (Major General John Hartley AO (Retd), CEO and Institute, Director Future Directions International, Roundtable Chairman. Alyson Clarke, FDI Executive Officer Gary Kleyn, Manager, FDI Global Food and Water Crises Research Programme, "International Conflict Triggers and Potential Conflict Points Resulting from Food and Water Insecurity" 25 May 2012 http://futuredirections.org.au/wp-content/uploads/2012/05/Workshop_Report_-_Intl_Conflict_Triggers_-_May_25.pdf) brett PIC double bind— the revolutionary vanguard is capable of achieving global revolution in which case excluding one sector of workers is sufficient to solve OR their method is so fragile that one group being excluded dooms solvency then the AFF was doomed from the start because people crossing the picket line is inevitable — negate on presumption. | 12/4/21 |
SO- 1NC- Beller PICTournament: Heart of Texas | Round: 2 | Opponent: Homestead SL | Judge: Claudia Ribera We affirm a process of hapticality, which Harney and Moten define as "the capacity to feel through others, for others to feel through you, for you to feel them feeling you."This is the AFF minus the reduction on protections of IPP — 1AC and 1AR explanations of solvency prove that hapticality overcomes some inclusion of IPP so it solves all their offense while avoiding the DA. | 10/17/21 |
SO- 1NC- Cap K v1Tournament: Loyola | Round: 2 | Opponent: Mountain View EN | Judge: Jonah Gentlemen NC1Our thesis is that the collapse of capitalism is inevitable, it is a question of now or later: you should frame your decision through an anti-capitalist lens by centering the valorization of productivity that aff's logic is founded upon.Kuang 20 ~Da Kuang and Changyi Huang are professors at the Huazhong University of Science and Technology, College of Marxism in Wuhan 430074, China. A Study of Marx's Thought on the Speed of Capital Accumulation, Presented at the 2020 International Conference on Social Science, Economics and Education Research (SSEER 2020), Atlantic Press: Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research Volume 455, 8-22-21, amrita~ COVID-19 is a symptom of the disease that is late-stage capitalism— it represents the intrinsic contradictions that have arisen within capitalist economies and the inevitable collapse.Waitzkin 21 ~Howard Waitzkin is at the Department of Sociology and Health Sciences Center, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA, 2021, International Journal of Health Services, DOI: 10.1177/0020731420977711, 8-22-21 amrita~ The affirmative resets the cycle and rejuvenates short-term capitalist accumulation in two ways.First, is false liberalism. The plan is representative of the idea that capitalism can be saved- eliminating "intellectual property protections" is a scheme that aims to boost falling rates of profit and improve rates of capital accumulation.Gilbert 19 ~Geoff Gilbert is a Professor of Law in the School of Law and Human Rights Centre at the University of Essex. He was Head of Department between 2000-2003 and 2011-13. In 2012, he was appointed a Professorial Visiting Fellow at the University of New South Wales in Sydney. He was Editor-in-Chief of the International Journal of Refugee Law from 2002-15 and is co-Editor-in-Chief as of September 2019; he also sits on the Advisory Board., "Free trade" is today's imperialism by the 1 percent, 1-13-2019,No Publication,https://www.bilaterals.org/?free-trade-is-today-s-imperialism, 8-21-2021 amrita~ Second is WTO legitimacy. The plan is a colonialist revision that re-packages the WTO as a legitimate organization that can overcome its insidious past towards a future of equal free trade—that decks class consciousness.Gilbert 19 ~Geoff Gilbert is a Professor of Law in the School of Law and Human Rights Centre at the University of Essex. He was Head of Department between 2000-2003 and 2011-13. In 2012, he was appointed a Professorial Visiting Fellow at the University of New South Wales in Sydney. He was Editor-in-Chief of the International Journal of Refugee Law from 2002-15 and is co-Editor-in-Chief as of September 2019; he also sits on the Advisory Board., "Free trade" is today's imperialism by the 1 percent, 1-13-2019,No Publication,https://www.bilaterals.org/?free-trade-is-today-s-imperialism, 8-21-2021 amrita~ But capitalism can't be saved. The short-term rejuvenation simply pushes back the long-term inevitable collapse which dooms us to death by climate change before the revolution can happen—this card is amazing and also preempts all their "cap solves climate change" answersFoster 18 ~John Bellamy Foster, John Bellamy Foster is a professor of sociology at the University of Oregon and also editor of Monthly Review. He writes about political economy of capitalism and economic crisis, ecology and ecological crisis, and Marxist theory. "Making War on the Planet." Monthly Review. September 1, 2018. https://monthlyreview.org/2018/09/01/making-war-on-the-planet/ recut 8-22-2021 amrita~ Seize the means of production and endorse a centrally planned economy- only the neg can offer an alternative model that sidesteps productivity focused mindsets while allowing for innovation. No perms- view this as a methods debate: they have endorsed free market ideology which was the link level.Nieto 20 ~Nieto, Maxi and Mateo Tomé, Juan. Maxi Nieto is a doctoral candidate at Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche. Juan Mateo Tome is a professor at Complutense University of Madrid (2020). Dynamic Efficiency in a Planned Economy: Innovation and Entrepreneurship Without Markets. Science and Society. 84. 42-66. 10.1521/siso.2020.84.1.42. 8-28-2021 amrita~ This is, without a doubt, one of the most characteristic misapprehensions of the critics of communism. The first clarification required here is that economic planning (like social ownership) does not in any way require a single level or instance of decision-making which programs an economy down to the last detail, but rather that the distribution of skills among the numerous areas, levels, and agents (ICs, authorities, businesses, users and consumers, etc.) proves coherent and ensures that the overall decision-making process be organic (Laibman, 2002, 2011; Campbell, 2002; Cockshott and Cottrell, 1993). The planning agency does not make all decisions and need not be omniscient. Economic planning merely constitutes an institutional device that allows the principle of conscious, rational, and democratic control of the global productive process to be operational. As such, the socialist model is the economic basis of self-government in a society in which decisions are made and their implementation conducted by those who are affected, in two fundamental aspects: production (workplace, company, sector, national economy) and territory (locality, region, country). Based on current information and communication technologies, a democratically planned economy would function as a distributed system, simultaneously centralized and decentralized, not unlike the internet. Such a system would permit the management of information flows in real time, articulating knowledge and local decisions within the framework of a general plan. As a centralized system it would benefit from coherence, with access to all resources and the efficiency to mobilize them quickly toward democratically chosen objectives. As a decentralized system, it could articulate initiative and local knowledge (including autonomous relationships among companies to agree on the specific inputs required in each case) as well as independence from systemic failure (that is, burden sharing so that if a certain component fails, others can continue to operate). The need for coherent coordination and strategic vision requires centralization, while the need for detailed information and the promotion of free and local initiative require some degree of decentralization. Decisions would be made at one or another level depending on the nature of the decision in question. Thus, decisions that require broad coordination to achieve an optimal result would have to be sufficiently centralized (to avoid parallel decisions or blind dynamics), while decisions requiring detailed local information and which are free of coordination problems (for example, the variety and specific characteristics of the means of consumption) would necessarily be decentralized. Here decentralization adopts a non-commercial form, because in no case would there be private control over resources or investment.6We allow for innovation but better—our Marxist dictatorship still provides the incentive for innovating without the profit and productivity based mindset that pushes us to overconsumption and death. Lol noNieto 20 ~Nieto, Maxi and Mateo Tomé, Juan. Maxi Nieto is a doctoral candidate at Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche. Juan Mateo Tome is a professor at Complutense University of Madrid (2020). Dynamic Efficiency in a Planned Economy: Innovation and Entrepreneurship Without Markets. Science and Society. 84. 42-66. 10.1521/siso.2020.84.1.42. 8-28-2021 amrita~ | 9/5/21 |
SO- 1NC- Cap K v2Tournament: Loyola | Round: 4 | Opponent: Plano East JN | Judge: Sam Larson NC1The aff's positioning of competition as intrinsic good acts to maintain the stability of capital accumulation.AT: Capitalism is when monopoly The aff is co-opted by an agenda of "health diplomacy" that only further expands capitalist imperialismAndrea Patanè 21. Marxist, Published: 15 May 2021. "COVID-19 pandemic: patents and profits" https://www.marxist.com/covid-19-pandemic-patents-and-profits.htm brett Capitalism causes massive violence and inevitable extinction – the fundamental task is developing tools for organization and tactics to bring about revolution.Escalante 19 ~Alyson Escalante, M.A., Department of Philosophy @ University of Oregon, "Truth and Practice: The Marxist Theory of Knowledge," 09/08/19, tinyurl.com/8jksnexs~ pat Vote neg to join the party – dual power organizing is the only path to revolutionary change.Escalante '18 We allow for innovation but better—our Marxist dictatorship still provides the incentive for innovating without the profit and productivity based mindset that pushes us to overconsumption and death. Lol noNieto 20 ~Nieto, Maxi and Mateo Tomé, Juan. Maxi Nieto is a doctoral candidate at Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche. Juan Mateo Tome is a professor at Complutense University of Madrid (2020). Dynamic Efficiency in a Planned Economy: Innovation and Entrepreneurship Without Markets. Science and Society. 84. 42-66. 10.1521/siso.2020.84.1.42. 8-28-2021 amrita~ CaseInnovationCompetitiveness is high and resilientRodriguez 16 – Manufacturing Leader for Deloitte's Center for Industry Insights; 15 years of strategic and operational experience; authored multiple research studies on the topic of manufacturing competitiveness ~Michelle Drew, 7/25/2016, "Innovation drives competitiveness. But what drives innovation?", Deloitte, https://innovation-in-manufacturing.deloitte.com/2016/07/25/innovation-drives-competitiveness-but-what-drives-innovation/~~ AMarb SuperbugsAMR won't risk extinction—-squo solves, but the impact's inevitableBiba 17 – New York City–based freelance science journalist ~Erin, 6/8/2017, "How we can stop antibiotic resistance", BBC, http://www.bbc.com/future/story/20170607-how-we-can-stop-antibiotic-resistance~~ AMarb Worst possible diseases don't cause extinctionOwen Cotton-Barratt 17, et al, PhD in Pure Mathematics, Oxford, Lecturer in Mathematics at Oxford, Research Associate at the Future of Humanity Institute, 2/3/2017, Existential Risk: Diplomacy and Governance, https://www.fhi.ox.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/Existential-Risks-2017-01-23.pdf Even if a pandemic is virulent AND lethal enough, it burns outYork 14 (Ian, Virologist, 6-4-14, "Why don't diseases completely wipe out species?", http://www.quora.com/Why-dont-diseases-completely-wipe-out-species) Warminga NAS:Fraley said that the global agricultural system needs to adopt the goal of doubling the current yield of crops while reducing key inputs like pesticides, fertilizers, and water by one third-they can't solve this just by boosting life science innovation – Capitalism creates an incentive not to change how they manage key inputs bc the companies push for deregulation and depend on these pesticides and fertilizersNAS has almost no warrants – it doesn't say this solves warming just that it helps fight it – Cap is much larger proximate cause.von Weizsäcker and Wijkman '17 Health diplomacyThey can't resolve neglected areas just by having more innovation – nothing abt the aff changes the distribution globally.Science diplomacy is more likely to increase conflict – innovation rate and political interestsDickson 09 ~David Dickson David Dickson has been the Chief Executive Officer and President of McDermott International, Inc. since December 16, 2013. Mr. Dickson served as the Chief Operating Officer and Executive Vice from October 31, 2013, to December 16, 2013. He served as the Chief Executive Officer and President of Global Industries Ltd.~ The limits of science diplomacy, 4-6-2009, SciDev.Net, accessed 8-26-2021 https://www.scidev.net/global/editorials/the-limits-of-science-diplomacy///ramamurty Empirically deniedPatman 17 ~Robert G. Patman is professor of politics and director of international studies at the University of Otago, New Zealand. He is coeditor of the Praeger Security International series Ethics of American Foreign Policy.~, "Donald Trump, climate denial and other obstacles to science diplomacy," https://www.noted.co.nz/currently/science/donald-trump-climate-denial-and-other-obstacles-to-science-diplomacy/, mm TURN Scientific diplomacy can't solve problems - creates more insteadDickson 10 ~David Dickson David Dickson has been the Chief Executive Officer and President of McDermott International, Inc. since December 16, 2013. Mr. Dickson served as the Chief Operating Officer and Executive Vice from October 31, 2013, to December 16, 2013. He served as the Chief Executive Officer and President of Global Industries Ltd.~ SciDev.Net, accessed 8-26-2021 https://scidevnet.wordpress.com/category/science-diplomacy-conference-2010) AS 7~ And insectsRobert Hunziker 18, MA in Economic History from DePaul University, environmental journalist for over fifty publications, 3/27/18, "Insect Decimation Upstages Global Warming," https://www.transcend.org/tms/2018/04/insect-decimation-upstages-global-warming/ | 1/15/22 |
SO- 1NC- Cap K v2Tournament: Loyola | Round: 4 | Opponent: Plano East JN | Judge: Sam Larson NC1The aff's positioning of competition as intrinsic good acts to maintain the stability of capital accumulation.AT: Capitalism is when monopoly The aff is co-opted by an agenda of "health diplomacy" that only further expands capitalist imperialismAndrea Patanè 21. Marxist, Published: 15 May 2021. "COVID-19 pandemic: patents and profits" https://www.marxist.com/covid-19-pandemic-patents-and-profits.htm brett Capitalism causes massive violence and inevitable extinction – the fundamental task is developing tools for organization and tactics to bring about revolution.Escalante 19 ~Alyson Escalante, M.A., Department of Philosophy @ University of Oregon, "Truth and Practice: The Marxist Theory of Knowledge," 09/08/19, tinyurl.com/8jksnexs~ pat Vote neg to join the party – dual power organizing is the only path to revolutionary change.Escalante '18 We allow for innovation but better—our Marxist dictatorship still provides the incentive for innovating without the profit and productivity based mindset that pushes us to overconsumption and death. Lol noNieto 20 ~Nieto, Maxi and Mateo Tomé, Juan. Maxi Nieto is a doctoral candidate at Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche. Juan Mateo Tome is a professor at Complutense University of Madrid (2020). Dynamic Efficiency in a Planned Economy: Innovation and Entrepreneurship Without Markets. Science and Society. 84. 42-66. 10.1521/siso.2020.84.1.42. 8-28-2021 amrita~ CaseInnovationCompetitiveness is high and resilientRodriguez 16 – Manufacturing Leader for Deloitte's Center for Industry Insights; 15 years of strategic and operational experience; authored multiple research studies on the topic of manufacturing competitiveness ~Michelle Drew, 7/25/2016, "Innovation drives competitiveness. But what drives innovation?", Deloitte, https://innovation-in-manufacturing.deloitte.com/2016/07/25/innovation-drives-competitiveness-but-what-drives-innovation/~~ AMarb SuperbugsAMR won't risk extinction—-squo solves, but the impact's inevitableBiba 17 – New York City–based freelance science journalist ~Erin, 6/8/2017, "How we can stop antibiotic resistance", BBC, http://www.bbc.com/future/story/20170607-how-we-can-stop-antibiotic-resistance~~ AMarb Worst possible diseases don't cause extinctionOwen Cotton-Barratt 17, et al, PhD in Pure Mathematics, Oxford, Lecturer in Mathematics at Oxford, Research Associate at the Future of Humanity Institute, 2/3/2017, Existential Risk: Diplomacy and Governance, https://www.fhi.ox.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/Existential-Risks-2017-01-23.pdf Even if a pandemic is virulent AND lethal enough, it burns outYork 14 (Ian, Virologist, 6-4-14, "Why don't diseases completely wipe out species?", http://www.quora.com/Why-dont-diseases-completely-wipe-out-species) Warminga NAS:Fraley said that the global agricultural system needs to adopt the goal of doubling the current yield of crops while reducing key inputs like pesticides, fertilizers, and water by one third-they can't solve this just by boosting life science innovation – Capitalism creates an incentive not to change how they manage key inputs bc the companies push for deregulation and depend on these pesticides and fertilizersNAS has almost no warrants – it doesn't say this solves warming just that it helps fight it – Cap is much larger proximate cause.von Weizsäcker and Wijkman '17 Health diplomacyThey can't resolve neglected areas just by having more innovation – nothing abt the aff changes the distribution globally.Science diplomacy is more likely to increase conflict – innovation rate and political interestsDickson 09 ~David Dickson David Dickson has been the Chief Executive Officer and President of McDermott International, Inc. since December 16, 2013. Mr. Dickson served as the Chief Operating Officer and Executive Vice from October 31, 2013, to December 16, 2013. He served as the Chief Executive Officer and President of Global Industries Ltd.~ The limits of science diplomacy, 4-6-2009, SciDev.Net, accessed 8-26-2021 https://www.scidev.net/global/editorials/the-limits-of-science-diplomacy///ramamurty Empirically deniedPatman 17 ~Robert G. Patman is professor of politics and director of international studies at the University of Otago, New Zealand. He is coeditor of the Praeger Security International series Ethics of American Foreign Policy.~, "Donald Trump, climate denial and other obstacles to science diplomacy," https://www.noted.co.nz/currently/science/donald-trump-climate-denial-and-other-obstacles-to-science-diplomacy/, mm TURN Scientific diplomacy can't solve problems - creates more insteadDickson 10 ~David Dickson David Dickson has been the Chief Executive Officer and President of McDermott International, Inc. since December 16, 2013. Mr. Dickson served as the Chief Operating Officer and Executive Vice from October 31, 2013, to December 16, 2013. He served as the Chief Executive Officer and President of Global Industries Ltd.~ SciDev.Net, accessed 8-26-2021 https://scidevnet.wordpress.com/category/science-diplomacy-conference-2010) AS 7~ And insectsRobert Hunziker 18, MA in Economic History from DePaul University, environmental journalist for over fifty publications, 3/27/18, "Insect Decimation Upstages Global Warming," https://www.transcend.org/tms/2018/04/insect-decimation-upstages-global-warming/ | 1/15/22 |
SO- 1NC- Cap K v3Tournament: Grapevine | Round: 4 | Opponent: Strake Jesuit JW | Judge: Margaret Strong Capitalism causes massive violence and inevitable extinction – the role of the ballot is to endorse the best organizational tactics.Escalante 19 ~Alyson Escalante, M.A., Department of Philosophy @ University of Oregon, "Truth and Practice: The Marxist Theory of Knowledge," 09/08/19, tinyurl.com/8jksnexs~ pat The aff's positioning of competition as intrinsic good acts to maintain the stability of capital accumulation.AT: Capitalism is when monopoly The aff is co-opted by an agenda of "health diplomacy" that only further expands capitalist imperialismAndrea Patanè 21. Marxist, Published: 15 May 2021. "COVID-19 pandemic: patents and profits" https://www.marxist.com/covid-19-pandemic-patents-and-profits.htm brett Capitalism is unsustainable and causes extinction — multiple intertwined crises make collapse inevitable which means its try-or-die — we got charts.von Weizsäcker and Wijkman '17 Vote negative for proletarian internationalism — only an organized global revolutionary struggle can overcome the destruction of capitalism.Anastasi et al, 18 (editorial collective of Viewpoint Magazine, a militant research collective working to dialectically bring theory and practice into dialogue by studying cycles of struggle. Alphabetically, members of the editorial collective are as follows: Andrew Anastasi, graduate student in Sociology at CUNY; Cinzia Arruzza, Associate Professor of Philosophy at the New School for Social Research; Robert Cavooris, UC Santa Cruz graduate student and union representative, History of Consciousness Department; Maya Andrea Gonzalez, communist and revolutionary feminist in the Bay Area, graduate student in the Department of History of Consciousness at UC Santa Cruz; Asad Haider, Assistant Professor of Philosophy @ The New School, founding editor of Viewpoint Magazine, PhD in History of Consciousness Department @ UC Santa Cruz; Shuja Haider, widely-published writer and musician based in Brooklyn; Bue Rübner Hansen, writer and activist researcher in the Britain, Barcelona, and in migrant and refugee solidarity movements, PhD from Queen Mary University; Patrick King, graduate student at UC Santa Cruz; Rosa Lee, communist organizer and member of the Viewpoint editorial collective; Ben Mabie, managing editor at Viewpoint and editorial assistant at Verso Books, UCSC graduate; Sarah Mason, member of the Viewpoint editorial collective; Liz Mason-Deese, Assistant Professor, Department of Geography and Geoinformation Science, George Mason University; Dave Mesing, PhD student in Philosophy @ Villanova University; Magally Miranda-Alcazar, Eugene Cota-Robles Fellow and a Ford Foundation Predoctoral Fellow, PhD student in Chicana/o Studies @ UCLA; B.A. from the University of California, Santa Cruz (magna cum laude) with a double major in Community Studies and Feminist Studies, and has been published in The Nation, Verso and the New Left Review; Salar Mohandesi, Assistant Professor of History @ Bowdoin; Gavin Mueller, Lecturer in Media Studies at the University of Amsterdam, former contributing editor @ Jacobin; Evan Calder Williams, writer, translater, and artist, teaches theory at the Center for Curatorial Studies at Bard College and film production at Cooper Union, PhD in Literature from the University of California Santa Cruz and was a Fulbright Fellow in Italy for his research on cinema, industry, and revolt. "Internationalism against Imperialism," Viewpoint Magazine, Issue 6, February 1, 2018, https://www.viewpointmag.com/2018/02/01/internationalism-against-imperialism/) | 9/11/21 |
SO- 1NC- Cap K v4Tournament: Greenhill | Round: 2 | Opponent: Harker KB | Judge: Andrew Gong Capitalism causes massive violence and inevitable extinction – the role of the ballot is to endorse the best organizational tactics.Escalante 19 ~Alyson Escalante, M.A., Department of Philosophy @ University of Oregon, "Truth and Practice: The Marxist Theory of Knowledge," 09/08/19, tinyurl.com/8jksnexs~ pat Economic crises are structurally inevitable because of the contradictions of capitalism—policy responses will inevitably be managed in the interest of capitalists and promote violent interventions overseasTozzo '11 The aff is co-opted by an agenda of EU health diplomacy that only further expands capitalist imperialismAndrea Patanè 21. Marxist, Published: 15 May 2021. "COVID-19 pandemic: patents and profits" https://www.marxist.com/covid-19-pandemic-patents-and-profits.htm brett Capitalism is unsustainable and causes extinction — multiple intertwined crises make collapse inevitable which means its try-or-die — we got charts.von Weizsäcker and Wijkman '17 Ernest Ulrich von Weizsäcker, Professor and Director of the United Nation Centre for Science and Technology for Development, Founder and President of the Wuppertal Institute, Member of the German Bundestag, chairing the Committees on Globalization and the Environment, Dean of the graduate School of Environmental Science and Management at the University of California, appointed Co-Chair of UNEP's International Resource Panel, Anders Wijkman, chairman of the Swedish Association of Recycling Industries, member of the Board of the Swedish Development Authority (SIDA), appointed chair of the Swedish Cross-Party Committee on Environmental Objectives, member of the European Parliament, Assistant Secretary-General of the United Nations and Policy Director of UNDP, Secretary General of the Swedish Red Cross and Director General of the Swedish Agency for Research Cooperation with Developing Countries, Member of the Swedish Royal Academy of Sciences, the World Future Council and the International Resource Panel, 2017 ("Come On! Capitalism, Short-termism, Population and the Destruction of the Planet – A Report to the Club", November 11th, Available Online via Subscription to Springer, Accessed 03-20-2018) Vote negative for proletarian internationalism — only an organized global revolutionary struggle can overcome the destruction of capitalism.Anastasi et al, 18 (editorial collective of Viewpoint Magazine, a militant research collective working to dialectically bring theory and practice into dialogue by studying cycles of struggle. Alphabetically, members of the editorial collective are as follows: Andrew Anastasi, graduate student in Sociology at CUNY; Cinzia Arruzza, Associate Professor of Philosophy at the New School for Social Research; Robert Cavooris, UC Santa Cruz graduate student and union representative, History of Consciousness Department; Maya Andrea Gonzalez, communist and revolutionary feminist in the Bay Area, graduate student in the Department of History of Consciousness at UC Santa Cruz; Asad Haider, Assistant Professor of Philosophy @ The New School, founding editor of Viewpoint Magazine, PhD in History of Consciousness Department @ UC Santa Cruz; Shuja Haider, widely-published writer and musician based in Brooklyn; Bue Rübner Hansen, writer and activist researcher in the Britain, Barcelona, and in migrant and refugee solidarity movements, PhD from Queen Mary University; Patrick King, graduate student at UC Santa Cruz; Rosa Lee, communist organizer and member of the Viewpoint editorial collective; Ben Mabie, managing editor at Viewpoint and editorial assistant at Verso Books, UCSC graduate; Sarah Mason, member of the Viewpoint editorial collective; Liz Mason-Deese, Assistant Professor, Department of Geography and Geoinformation Science, George Mason University; Dave Mesing, PhD student in Philosophy @ Villanova University; Magally Miranda-Alcazar, Eugene Cota-Robles Fellow and a Ford Foundation Predoctoral Fellow, PhD student in Chicana/o Studies @ UCLA; B.A. from the University of California, Santa Cruz (magna cum laude) with a double major in Community Studies and Feminist Studies, and has been published in The Nation, Verso and the New Left Review; Salar Mohandesi, Assistant Professor of History @ Bowdoin; Gavin Mueller, Lecturer in Media Studies at the University of Amsterdam, former contributing editor @ Jacobin; Evan Calder Williams, writer, translater, and artist, teaches theory at the Center for Curatorial Studies at Bard College and film production at Cooper Union, PhD in Literature from the University of California Santa Cruz and was a Fulbright Fellow in Italy for his research on cinema, industry, and revolt. "Internationalism against Imperialism," Viewpoint Magazine, Issue 6, February 1, 2018, https://www.viewpointmag.com/2018/02/01/internationalism-against-imperialism/) | 9/18/21 |
SO- 1NC- Dip cap daTournament: Loyola | Round: 5 | Opponent: Stockdale RP | Judge: Yardley Rosas CP text: The United States should publicly renounce its support for any COVID TRIPS waivers.Dip cap key to check climateYu 20 Alan Yu, a senior fellow and the director of International Climate Policy at the Center for American Progress. Previously, he was a career foreign service officer at the State Department., 12-8-2020, "How U.S. Diplomacy and Diplomats Can Help Get International Climate Action Back on Track," Center for American Progress, https://www.americanprogress.org/issues/green/reports/2020/12/08/493528/u-s-diplomacy-diplomats-can-help-get-international-climate-action-back-track/, accessed 7/27/2021 EH Biden is currently avoiding disagreements with other WTO members over TRIPS. The plan flips that to create consensus, expending critical diplomatic capital—their Meredith card also proves the link—it specifically says countries are blocking the proposalDay 7-19, Meagan Day is a staff writer at Jacobin. Jacobin, 7-19-21. "Biden Just Turned Down a Golden Opportunity to End Vaccine Apartheid" https://www.jacobinmag.com/2021/07/biden-administration-covid-19-vaccine-apartheid-global-south-distribution-merkel brett Diplomatic capital is finite—-the plan distracts US focusAnderson and Grewell 01 Terry L. Anderson is executive director of Political Economy Research Center / J. Bishop Grewell is a research associate with PERC, The Greening of Foreign Policy, Chicago Journal of International Law Fall, 2001 2 Chi. J. Int'l L. 427 (Lexis-Nexis), https://chicagounbound.uchicago.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1422andcontext=cjil Warming encompasses AND outweighs every existential threatTorres 16 (Phil, affiliate scholar @ Institute for Ethics and Emerging Technologies PhD candidate @ Rice University in tropical conservation biology, Op-ed: Climate Change Is the Most Urgent Existential Risk, http://ieet.org/index.php/IEET/more/Torres20160807) | 9/19/21 |
SO- 1NC- Exports cp v1Tournament: Greenhill | Round: 5 | Opponent: Harvard Westlake IC | Judge: Daksh Kapoor CP Text: the member nations of the World Trade Organization shouldRemove restrictions on vaccine exports - The United States should publicly renounce its support for any COVID TRIPS waivers.Andrelleni et al 21 Analyst at the OECD with a quantitative background and a strong interest in international trade policies. Expertise in digital trade (e-commerce), trade and technology, Global Value Chains, trade and investment and services trade, demonstrated by a publication track record. Master of Science in International Economic Policy from Sciences Po Paris. https://www.oecd.org/coronavirus/policy-responses/using-trade-to-fight-covid-19-manufacturing-and-distributing-vaccines-dc0d37fc/~~#contactinfo-d7e1416//heg Export restrictions key to vaccinesPeters and Prabhakar 6-11 Ralf Peters is the chief of UNCTAD's trade information section. Divya Praghakar is a trade and development policy specialist working in the same section. , 6-11-2021, "Export restrictions do not help fight COVID-19," Unctad, https://unctad.org/news/export-restrictions-do-not-help-fight-covid-19, accessed 8/20/2021 EH | 9/19/21 |
SO- 1NC- Exports cp v2Tournament: Heart of Texas | Round: 4 | Opponent: Lovejoy JV | Judge: Morgan Copeland CP Text: the member nations of the World Trade Organization shouldThe United States should publicly renounce its support for any COVID TRIPS waivers. | 10/17/21 |
SO- 1NC- India daTournament: Loyola | Round: 5 | Opponent: Stockdale RP | Judge: Yardley Rosas India is building it's relations with the West on the bedrock of new economic ties¬¬¬¬¬—-that's key to counterbalancing China in the regionMohan 21 C. Raja Mohan ~director of the National University of Singapore's Institute of South Asian Studies.~,3-19-2021, "India Romances the West," Foreign Policy, https://foreignpolicy.com/2021/03/19/india-modi-west-quad-china-biden-non-aligned/ , accessed 8/8/2021 EH and Brett The TRIPS waiver sets the stage for India to use forced tech transfer to secure vaccines—-that decks relationsYogesh Pai and Prashant Reddy Thikkavarapu 21, Dr. Yogesh Pai specializes in intellectual property (IP) law and has cross-cutting research interests at the interface of IP with competition, trade and economic policy. In 2013, Yogesh was nominated as a legal member in a committee constituted by the Ministry of Health, Government of India, for invoking provisions of compulsory licensing under the Patents Act, 1970, in the context of affordable healthcare. Yogesh has a PhD from the Inter-University Centre for IPR Studies, CUSAT, Kochi, in the area of Regulation of Standard-Essential Patents in India. Prashant Reddy Thikkavarapu Assistant Professor, National Academy of Legal Studies and Research (NALSAR) University of Law,. Hyderabad. Scrolli.in, Jun 01, 2021. "Even if WTO waives IP on vaccines, India will face challenge translating this into mass production" https://scroll.in/article/996079/even-if-wto-waives-ip-on-vaccines-india-will-face-challenge-translating-this-into-mass-production brett US-India economic ties are key to strategic co-operationGupta 20, Anubhav Gupta is the associate director of the Asia Society Policy Institute in New York. WPR, March 5, 2020. "Despite the Trump-Modi 'Love,' Trade Is Still the Weak Link in U.S.-India Relations" https://www.worldpoliticsreview.com/articles/28579/despite-the-trump-modi-love-trade-is-still-the-weak-link-in-us-india-relations brett Indian ocean goes nuclear—-India's role is key to prevent it.Gamage 17 (Rajni Gamage is a senior analyst with the Maritime Security Programme at the Institute of Defence and Strategic Studies, S. Rajaratnam School of International Studies, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore., 11/5/17, "Why the Indian Ocean Must Not Become Like the South China Sea", https://nationalinterest.org/feature/why-the-indian-ocean-must-not-become-the-south-china-sea-23028?page=02C2) | 9/19/21 |
SO- 1NC- Innovation da v1Tournament: Greenhill | Round: 5 | Opponent: Harvard Westlake IC | Judge: Daksh Kapoor Innovation is high nowKenan 6-9, The Frank Hawkins Kenan Institute of Private Enterprise develops and promotes innovative, market-based solutions to vital economic issues. With the belief that private enterprise is the cornerstone of a prosperous and free society, the institute fosters the entrepreneurial spirit to stimulate economic prosperity and improve the lives of people in North Carolina, across the country and around the world. Kenan Institute, 6-9-21, "Turbocharging Healthcare Innovation" https://kenaninstitute.unc.edu/kenan-insight/turbocharging-healthcare-innovation/ brett The plan undermines the economic certainty provided by TRIPS—-that disrupts innovation in every sectorLee and Holt 5-10 Tom Lee and Christopher Holt 5-10, Tom received a B.A. in Economics with a Statistics Minor from the University of Maryland, College Park, in 2018. Christopher has a Master's in Congressional and Presidential Studies from The Catholic University of America, and he studied political science as an undergraduate at Whitman College. American Action Forum, May 10, 2021. "Intellectual Property, COVID-19 Vaccines, and the Proposed TRIPS Waiver" https://www.americanactionforum.org/insight/intellectual-property-covid-19-vaccines-and-the-proposed-trips-waiver/ brett Innovation is an impact filter—-it encompasses AND outweighs every existential threat.Matthews 18 Dylan Matthews . Co-founder of Vox, citing Nick Beckstead @ Rutgers University. 10-26-2018. "How to help people millions of years from now." Vox. https://www.vox.com/future-perfect/2018/10/26/18023366/far-future-effective-altruism-existential-risk-doing-good brett | 9/19/21 |
SO- 1NC- Innovation da v2Tournament: Heart of Texas | Round: 2 | Opponent: Homestead SL | Judge: Claudia Ribera Medical innovation is high nowKenan 6-9, The Frank Hawkins Kenan Institute of Private Enterprise develops and promotes innovative, market-based solutions to vital economic issues. With the belief that private enterprise is the cornerstone of a prosperous and free society, the institute fosters the entrepreneurial spirit to stimulate economic prosperity and improve the lives of people in North Carolina, across the country and around the world. Kenan Institute, 6-9-21, "Turbocharging Healthcare Innovation" https://kenaninstitute.unc.edu/kenan-insight/turbocharging-healthcare-innovation/ brett IP protections are the foundation of the industry and incentivize innovationNa 19 Blake Na, 4-19-2019, "Protecting Intellectual Property Rights in the Pharmaceutical Industry," Chicago-Kent | Journal of Intellectual Property, https://studentorgs.kentlaw.iit.edu/ckjip/protecting-intellectual-property-rights-in-the-pharmaceutical-industry/, accessed 7/21/2021 EH Extinction.Engelhardt 8 (H. Tristram, doctorate in philosophy (University of Texas at Austin), M.D. (Tulane University), professor of philosophy (Rice University), and professor emeritus at Baylor College of Medicine, "Innovation and the Pharmaceutical Industry: Critical Reflections on the Virtues of Profit," https://www.amazon.com/Innovation-Pharmaceutical-Industry-Reflections-Conflicts/dp/0980209447) (Taiwan) | 10/17/21 |
SO- 1NC- Innovation da v3Tournament: Heart of Texas | Round: 4 | Opponent: Lovejoy JV | Judge: Morgan Copeland Life science innovation high nowDarino et al 20 Lucia Darino, Aaron De Smet, Umar Husain, and Emily Yueh, 10-28-2020, "Reimagining how life sciences work will be done in the next normal," McKinsey and Company, https://www.mckinsey.com/industries/pharmaceuticals-and-medical-products/our-insights/reimagining-how-life-sciences-work-will-be-done-in-the-next-normal~~#, EH Weaker IP threatens life science innovationAtkinson 18 Robert D. Atkinson, November 2018, "How the Biopharmaceutical Industry Contributes to Open Scientific Knowledge", Information Technology and Innovation Foundation, https://www2.itif.org/2018-biopharmaceutical-open-knowledge.pdf?_ga=2.77597014.392854590.1626928199-819576613.1626677561, EH Life science innovation critical to power projection and national securityInglesby and Poste 11 Preserving National Security: The Growing Role of the Life Sciences, Thomas V. Inglesby, the director and chief executive officer of the Center for Biosecurity of UPMC, George Poste, Chief Scientist, Complex Adaptive Systems Initiative, Arizona State University, 3/3/2011, http://www.centerforhealthsecurity.org/our-work/events/2011_growing_role_of_lifesciences/growing_role_life_sci_conf_rpt.pdf, EH Heg stops global nuclear warZalmay Khalilzad 16, former U.S. ambassador to the United Nations, counselor at the CSIS, 3/23/16, "4 Lessons about America's Role in the World," http://nationalinterest.org/feature/4-lessons-about-americas-role-the-world-15574?page=show | 10/17/21 |
SO- 1NC- T- ReduceTournament: Grapevine | Round: 4 | Opponent: Strake Jesuit JW | Judge: Margaret Strong Interpretation: The affirmative must defend all member nations of the World Trade Organization ought to reduce intellectual property protections for medicines. The negative may not read plan inclusive counterplans.Violation: The affirmative only defends it for pandemicsReductions must be permanentNew York Supreme Court 3rd Appellate Division Vote neg for limits — there are 164 members , which means their interp justifies reducing any IP protection in any WTO member, creating hundreds of potential AFFs to prep out. This kills negative ground because different countries can have different economic situations that affect the Innovation debate and we lose all disads to global action—we couldn't read dip cap or ptx because they'd just spec out of it. Two impacts:1 — Fairness — an unlimited topic makes neg engagement impossible because there'd be tons of new AFFs to prep out every tournament. Uniquely kills small schools because they'd be unable to keep up with the prep burden2 — Research — the neg loses any incentive to do targeted research when the prep burden is so high so debaters would resort to stale generics and lose topic specific education. That outweighs because we only have 2 months to debate the topic~Insert paradigms~ | 9/11/21 |
SO- 1NC- T- TRIPSTournament: Grapevine | Round: 2 | Opponent: Dublin AL | Judge: Vandan Patel NC1====Interp: The 1AC plan must only defend the topic, and nothing past that. To clarify—-extra T is a voter.==== Violation—-the TRIPS proposal differs substantially from a proposal that just targets medicine like vaccines.Crosby et al. 6-8, Daniel Crosby specializes in international trade, investment and matters related to public international law. A partner in our International Trade practice and the manager of our Geneva office, Daniel helps sovereign and business clients to achieve practical economic objectives around the world by applying and negotiating international agreements. JDSUPRA, June 8, 2021. "Update on the Proposed TRIPS Waiver at the WTO: Where is it Headed, and What to Expect?" https://www.jdsupra.com/legalnews/update-on-the-proposed-trips-waiver-at-8411942/ brett Vote neg—-Ground—-extra topicality lets them defend an advocacy and any extra planks to avoid solvency takeouts and beat counterplans. Defending stuff like PPE differs substantially from just defending medicines. Ground outweighs—-it's the key internal link to debating the aff and determining if it's trueOur interp isn't infinitely regressive—-they could easily defend the US proposal, which is limited to vaccines, and draft all their solvency around that. It's not predictable to read an extra T proposal just because it relates to the topic lit.Drop the debater to deter future abuse.Competing interps because reasonability is arbitrary and invites judge intervention.No RVIs: 1~ Illogical – you shouldn't win for being fair, 2~ baiting – the best theory debaters would read abusive advocacies to go for the RVI, 3~ substance – any initiation of theory ensures the 2NR and 2AR are theory, crowding out substance.Neg theory 1st – 1AC abuse shaped NC construction so if anything we did was bad it was just to get back in the game. | 9/11/21 |
SO- 1NC- T- reduce v2Tournament: Heart of Texas | Round: 6 | Opponent: Strake Jesuit JS | Judge: Jack Quisenberry Interpretation: The affirmative must defend a permanent reduction in intellectual property protections for medicines.Allowing the possibility of a future increase violates the core meaning of the term "reduce".US Federal Court of Appeals 1999 "CUNA MUTUAL LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY, Plaintiff-Appellant, v. UNITED STATES, Defendant-Appellee," Lexis Reductions are different from suspensions. Suspensions are temporary, reductions are not.Montesani v Levitt 59 ~MATTER OF MONTESANI v. Levitt, 9 A.D.2d 51, 189 N.Y.S.2d 695 (App. Div. 1959), 8-13-1959, Accessible Online at https://scholar.google.com/scholar_case?case=1402552157078234696andq=Montesani+v.+Levittandhl=enandas_sdt=2006~~ brett Violation: they only reduce protections for medicines during pandemicsVote neg:1~ Precision—-all neg prep is centered on words in the resolution, the precise definition of our word from a legal source means it'd be the most predictable in the lit.2~ Aff conditionality—-they can de-link core neg ground like innovation by saying they'll protect IP again after the pandemic, as well as enabling cheaty perms that kill plan vs CP clash. | 10/18/21 |
SO- 1NC- TFW v1Tournament: Heart of Texas | Round: 2 | Opponent: Homestead SL | Judge: Claudia Ribera Interpretation: The affirmative must be topical."Resolved" denotes a formal resolution.AWS '13 ~Army Writing Style; August 24th; Online resource dedicated to all major writing requirements in the Army; Army Writing Style, "Punctuation — The Colon and Semicolon," https://armywritingstyle.com/punctuation-the-colon-and-semicolon/~~ "The member nations of the World Trade Organization" are 164 governments loosely tied by commitment to global tradeCalChamber ND, The CalChamber, in keeping with long-standing policy, enthusiastically supports free trade worldwide, expansion of international trade and investment, fair and equitable market access for California products abroad and elimination of disincentives that impede the international competitiveness of California business. Likely post-2020. "World Trade Organization" https://advocacy.calchamber.com/international/trade/world-trade-organization/ brett "Reduce" means diminish.Friedman '99 ~Daniel; February 9th; Senior Circuit Judge; Cuna Mutual Life Insurance Company, "Plaintiff-Appellant, v. UNITED STATES," https://cite.case.law/f3d/169/737/615055/~~ "Intellectual property protections" are legally established rightsTrevor Brewer 19, legal advisor @ BrewerLong Business Law, "WHAT ARE THE FOUR BASIC TYPES OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS?" https://brewerlong.com/information/business-law/four-types-of-intellectual-property/ brett Violation: "We affirm" is not a stable actor and could be anyone. It isn't the WTO member nations — CX proves.That's necessary for limits and ground — redefining portions of the resolution permits endless reclarification AND creates incentives to focus 1 part of the library for 4 years — only aligning pre-round research with agent and mechanism solves.The impact is iterative testing – the process of engaging in research around a limited and predictable topic empirically produces better advocatesIverson '9 ~Joel; 2009; Associate Professor of Communication at the University of Montana, Ph.D in Communication from Arizona State University Relations at the University of Sydney; Debate Central, "Can Cutting Cards Carve into Our Personal Lives: An Analysis of Debate Research on Personal Advocacy," https://debate.uvm.edu/dybvigiverson1000.html~~ brett SSD is good – it forces debaters to consider a controversial issue from multiple perspectives. Non-T affs allow individuals to establish their own metrics for what they want to debate leading to ideological dogmatism – our argument is that the process of defending and answering proposals is an benefit of engaging the topic.TVA: Read the other AFF on your wiki. The TRIPS waiver challenges neocolonial dynamics and provides space for a conversation on global logistics. All DA's to the TVA prove there is revolutionary neg ground under our model of debate.Sharifah Sekalala 21 et al., Warwick Law School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK. Lisa Forman, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Timothy Hodgson, International Commission of Jurists, Johannesburg, South Africa. Moses Mulumba, Center for Health, Human Rights and Development, Kampala, Uganda. Hadijah Namyalo-Ganafa, School of Law, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda. Benjamin Mason Meier, Department of Public Policy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA. BMJ Glob Health. 2021; 6(7): e006169. Published online 2021 Jul 12. "Decolonising human rights: how intellectual property laws result in unequal access to the COVID-19 vaccine" https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8277484/ brett | 10/17/21 |
Theory - 1NC - Must defend policy actionTournament: Lexington | Round: 2 | Opponent: Lake Highland Prep PS | Judge: TJ Maher 1NC—-TInterp: The AFF must defend policy action in a plan text in the 1AC."Resolved:" the appropriation of outer space by private entities is "unjust" entails policy action:1—-Resolved.Parcher 1 ~Jeff; former debate coach at Georgetown; Feb 26, 2001; https://web.archive.org/web/20020929065555/http://www.ndtceda.com/archives/200102/0790.html~~ brett 2—-Unjust.Black's Law ~The Law Dictionary Featuring Black's Law Dictionary Free Online Legal Dictionary 2nd Ed. No Date. https://thelawdictionary.org/unjust/~~ brett Violation: their plan text says" I don't defend implementation of a policy or an action"Prefer:1—-Ground—-absent meeting precise words in the res, we lose all the pre-round prep we did around the resolution, killing neg ground.2—-Vagueness—-debates inevitably involve the AFF defending something, but only our interp lets them to clearly define that from the start. Their model leads to late-breaking debates that destroy ground, for example we won't know if asteroid mining or space exploration are offense until the 1AR, which skews neg prep.3—-Topic ed—-specific policies teaches lets us go deep into the topic, uniquely important given the evolving character of space law. outweighs bc we only have 2 month topics, and phil ed is solved by free textbooks.CI bc reasonability is arbitrary and invites judge interventionDTD to deter future abuseNo RVIs: 1~ illogical, you shouldn't win for being topical, 2~ good theory debaters will read abusive positions to bait theory and dump on an RVI, 3~ trades off with substance since we can't kick out of TNeg theory first because AFF abuse made it impossible to engage so any neg abuse was to get back in the game. | 1/15/22 |
Theory - 1NC - Must defend policy action v2Tournament: Palm Classic | Round: 6 | Opponent: Westridge TW | Judge: Grant Brown Interp: The AFF must defend policy action in a plan text in the 1AC."Resolved:" the appropriation of outer space by private entities is "unjust" entails policy action:1—-Resolved.Parcher 1 ~Jeff; former debate coach at Georgetown; Feb 26, 2001; https://web.archive.org/web/20020929065555/http://www.ndtceda.com/archives/200102/0790.html~~ brett | 2/13/22 |
Theory - 1NC - combo shell v5Tournament: Lexington | Round: 5 | Opponent: Lake Highland Prep AR | Judge: Evan Li | 1/16/22 |
Theory - 1NC - combo shell v6Tournament: Barkley Forum | Round: 3 | Opponent: North Allegheny RR | Judge: Chris Castillo Interp – debaters may not read no ov responses and must extend every arg into the 2NStandard infinite abuseForces us to respond to every individual arg and somehow lbl every arg on the NC from the 1aR – makes the 2NR impossible to extend every single lbl response | 1/28/22 |
Theory - 1NC - no neg fairnessTournament: Barkley Forum | Round: 3 | Opponent: North Allegheny RR | Judge: Chris Castillo Interp - "Reject neg fairness" is a voterStandard – strat skewIt means we can't contest their abuse, allowing the AFF to be maximally abusive and we have no recourse. Both sides have 13 minutes to develop offense but we are unable to access the benefits of debate if the AFF can do whatever abuse they want. It means the AFF reads worse args bc they know they can which destroys education.Drop them to set a norm — A~ otherwise they can read this against novices and auto win, making them want to quit B~ it deters them from being abusive in the future, proven by people disclosing on the wiki, C~ Norming outweighs — it's the intrinsic purpose of theoryCA first shell paradigms | 1/28/22 |
Theory - 1NC - private actor fiatTournament: Peninsula | Round: 6 | Opponent: Southlake Carroll PK | Judge: Saketh Kotapati Interp: The AFF must defend policy action by a state or states in the 1AC."Resolved:" the appropriation of outer space by private entities is "unjust" entails policy action:1—-Resolved.Parcher 1 ~Jeff; former debate coach at Georgetown; Feb 26, 2001; https://web.archive.org/web/20020929065555/http://www.ndtceda.com/archives/200102/0790.html~~ brett 2—-Unjust.Black's Law ~The Law Dictionary Featuring Black's Law Dictionary Free Online Legal Dictionary 2nd Ed. No Date. https://thelawdictionary.org/unjust/~~ brett Violation: The plan says "private entities ought not" which indicates they are the actor.Prefer:1—-Ground—-regulation good/bad is a core topic controversy around space commerce — private actor fiat lets them skirt out of politics DAs, BizCon, Innovation, and any DA predicated around macroeconomic impacts of regulation.2—-Limits—-they can pick any private actor changes a policy, meaning even if we can make DA's to individual companies they can spike out of it in the next debate. | 1/23/22 |
Theory- 1NC- combo shell v1Tournament: Heart of Texas | Round: 6 | Opponent: Strake Jesuit JS | Judge: Jack Quisenberry Interp: Debaters may not say "~A~ Resource disparities—focusing on evidence privileges debaters with the most prep excluding lone-wolfs. A debater under my framework can easily be won without any prep since minimal evidence is required. That pre-req to accessing the activity." As a reason to prefer their framework while also saying "Contesting offense under the Aff framework is a voting issue"Violation: They do both in FW.Clarification — the first argument is a theoretical reason to prefer their framework and the second arg says we can't read offense under their framework - vote neg:Infinite abuse — this means they would always win because there's a theoretical reason for the judge to use their framework and we can't negate under it. This means AFF wins every round essentially turning debate into a coin flip. That outweighs — we lose the incentive to research and develop arguments.Negate for better norms — losing for reading this conjunction of paradigm issues will discourage them in the future. Otherwise there's a risk they'd beat random novices on it, making them want to quit, or just proliferating abuse in general. Setting norms now is better than dropping the arg because they'd have no reason to stop.Comes first — determines our ability to engage in the first place, since it's an indict on theoretical norms in the 1AC this debate is a question of our ability to engage theory, which is more important than random questions of aff or neg flex. | 10/18/21 |
Theory- 1NC- combo shell v2Tournament: Apple Valley | Round: 1 | Opponent: Prospect ST | Judge: Tajaih Robinson Interp: Debaters may not read that aff theory is drop the debater, no RVIs, Competing Interps and Aff Fairness issues come before NC arguments.Violation – Their UV1~ Standards –a~ Infinite Abuse -2~ Paradigms—a~ Vote neg on substanceb~ Fairnessc~ Neg theory is DTDd~ Competing interpse~ Norming outweighs | 11/5/21 |
Theory- 1NC- combo shell v3Tournament: Apple Valley | Round: 1 | Opponent: Prospect ST | Judge: Tajaih Robinson | 11/5/21 |
Theory- 1NC- misdisclosure v1Tournament: Heart of Texas | Round: 6 | Opponent: Strake Jesuit JS | Judge: Jack Quisenberry Interp — debaters may not misdiscloseViolation - they did - screenshots1. strat skew(extempted) | 10/18/21 |
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