Solebury Nyberg Neg
| Tournament | Round | Opponent | Judge | Cites | Round Report | Open Source | Edit/Delete |
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| 4 | Quads | 4 | 4 |
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| Alta | 5 | Marlborough SG | Talia Traskos-Hart |
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| Alta | 1 | DTHS SS | Ausha Curry |
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| Alta | 3 | Marlborough SL | Justin Fang |
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| Dowling Catholic | 6 | Iowa City West NW | Soni, Pratham |
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| Dowling Catholic | 1 | Millard South BJ | West, Roberto |
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| Dowling Catholic | 3 | West Des Moines Valley JS | Larson, Sam |
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| Kansas City | 1 | Westford CZ | Mitchell, Parker |
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| Kansas City | 3 | Midtown AS | Hernandez, Javier |
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| Kansas City | 5 | Midtown FB | Samuel, Macharia |
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| Kansas City | Octas | Westford AW | panel |
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| Kansas City | Quarters | Appleton North MU | panel |
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| Lexington | 5 | Lake Highland Prep SV | Brown, Scott |
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| Lexington | 1 | san mateo YR | Kim, Thomas |
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| Lexington | 4 | North Allegheny RR | Choi, Jeong-Wan |
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| Loyola | 6 | Strake Jesuit MS | Abhishek Rao |
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| Loyola | 1 | Plano East AW | Dosch Danielle |
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| Loyola | 4 | Sam Barlow EL | Rosas Yardley |
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| Meadows | 6 | Westwood AK | Nethmin Liyanage |
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| Meadows | 2 | SLC west ML | Asher Towner |
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| Meadows | 4 | Immac RR | Taisei Summerhays |
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| Millard North | 2 | Millard South PN | Moore, Jacob |
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| Millard North | 3 | Lincoln North Star CB | Moen, Madelyn |
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| Nano Nagle | 6 | Southlake Carroll CC | Carlos Astacio |
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| Nano Nagle | 4 | Monta Vista RD | squid monteith |
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| Scarsdale | 5 | Princeton JG | Nethmin |
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| Scarsdale | 3 | Southlake carroll AR | Yan Gao |
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| Scarsdale | 1 | Lexington AR | Eugene Toth |
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| UPenn | 1 | CR North NS | Talmadge, Jaylin |
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| UPenn | 3 | Lexington AM | Wu, Jalyn |
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| UPenn | 6 | Academy at Palumbo AF | Pittman, Phoenix |
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| UPenn | Doubles | Mercer Island KS | panel |
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| Yale | 6 | Lake Nona BJ | Chmielewski, Grant |
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| Yale | 4 | Millburn BW | Abishek Stanley |
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| Yale | 1 | Ardrey Kell SG | lay |
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| Tournament | Round | Report |
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| 4 | Quads | Opponent: 4 | Judge: 4 four |
| Alta | 5 | Opponent: Marlborough SG | Judge: Talia Traskos-Hart 1AC-prison workers |
| Alta | 1 | Opponent: DTHS SS | Judge: Ausha Curry 1AC-demosoft power |
| Alta | 3 | Opponent: Marlborough SL | Judge: Justin Fang 1AC-prison workers |
| Dowling Catholic | 6 | Opponent: Iowa City West NW | Judge: Soni, Pratham 1AC-sv |
| Dowling Catholic | 1 | Opponent: Millard South BJ | Judge: West, Roberto 1AC-racism |
| Dowling Catholic | 3 | Opponent: West Des Moines Valley JS | Judge: Larson, Sam 1AC-cap |
| Kansas City | 1 | Opponent: Westford CZ | Judge: Mitchell, Parker 1AC-debriswar |
| Kansas City | 3 | Opponent: Midtown AS | Judge: Hernandez, Javier 1AC-econ ilaw mining |
| Kansas City | 5 | Opponent: Midtown FB | Judge: Samuel, Macharia 1AC-rawls |
| Kansas City | Octas | Opponent: Westford AW | Judge: panel 1AC-debris |
| Kansas City | Quarters | Opponent: Appleton North MU | Judge: panel 1AC-mining |
| Lexington | 5 | Opponent: Lake Highland Prep SV | Judge: Brown, Scott 1AC-common heritage |
| Lexington | 1 | Opponent: san mateo YR | Judge: Kim, Thomas 1AC-"exploitation not appropriation " |
| Lexington | 4 | Opponent: North Allegheny RR | Judge: Choi, Jeong-Wan 1AC-trix |
| Loyola | 6 | Opponent: Strake Jesuit MS | Judge: Abhishek Rao 1AC-Kant |
| Loyola | 1 | Opponent: Plano East AW | Judge: Dosch Danielle 1AC-Evergreening |
| Loyola | 4 | Opponent: Sam Barlow EL | Judge: Rosas Yardley 1AC-Performance |
| Meadows | 6 | Opponent: Westwood AK | Judge: Nethmin Liyanage 1AC-Biocolonialism |
| Meadows | 2 | Opponent: SLC west ML | Judge: Asher Towner 1AC-Eg |
| Meadows | 4 | Opponent: Immac RR | Judge: Taisei Summerhays 1AC-malaria |
| Millard North | 2 | Opponent: Millard South PN | Judge: Moore, Jacob 1AC-inequality |
| Millard North | 3 | Opponent: Lincoln North Star CB | Judge: Moen, Madelyn 1AC-kesslerwar |
| Nano Nagle | 6 | Opponent: Southlake Carroll CC | Judge: Carlos Astacio 1AC-Jordan |
| Nano Nagle | 4 | Opponent: Monta Vista RD | Judge: squid monteith 1AC-Covid |
| Scarsdale | 5 | Opponent: Princeton JG | Judge: Nethmin 1AC-non-topical disability k |
| Scarsdale | 3 | Opponent: Southlake carroll AR | Judge: Yan Gao 1AC-democracy |
| Scarsdale | 1 | Opponent: Lexington AR | Judge: Eugene Toth 1AC-topical disability K |
| UPenn | 1 | Opponent: CR North NS | Judge: Talmadge, Jaylin 1AC-lay greed |
| UPenn | 3 | Opponent: Lexington AM | Judge: Wu, Jalyn 1AC-lacan aff flex AFC |
| UPenn | 6 | Opponent: Academy at Palumbo AF | Judge: Pittman, Phoenix 1AC-cap |
| UPenn | Doubles | Opponent: Mercer Island KS | Judge: panel 1AC-global commons |
| Yale | 6 | Opponent: Lake Nona BJ | Judge: Chmielewski, Grant 1AC-too much |
| Yale | 4 | Opponent: Millburn BW | Judge: Abishek Stanley 1AC-evergreening escalation |
| Yale | 1 | Opponent: Ardrey Kell SG | Judge: lay 1AC-Random args |
To modify or delete round reports, edit the associated round.
Cites
| Entry | Date |
|---|---|
0--Contact infoTournament: 4 | Round: Quads | Opponent: 4 | Judge: 4 | 2/9/22 |
0--Disclosure NoteTournament: 4 | Round: Quads | Opponent: 4 | Judge: 4 | 2/9/22 |
0--Organization NoteTournament: 4 | Round: Quads | Opponent: 4 | Judge: 4 | 2/9/22 |
0--Past 2NRsTournament: 4 | Round: Quads | Opponent: 4 | Judge: 4 | 2/9/22 |
0--Please ReadTournament: 4 | Round: Quads | Opponent: 4 | Judge: 4 | 2/9/22 |
1--CT cap goodTournament: UPenn | Round: 6 | Opponent: Academy at Palumbo AF | Judge: Pittman, Phoenix CaseCapitalism is sustainable – their environment scenarios are empirically denied and the transition crushes value to life.Pinker 18 ~Steven, Johnstone Family Professor in the Department of Psychology at Harvard University. February 2018. "Enlightment Now: The Case for Reason, Science, Humanism, and Progress." Chapter 10: The Environment, Viking, Accessed through the Wake Forest Library~ AMarb RC/JCH-PF Growth and innovation solves warming – this is the most recent evidence in the debateOgutonye, 21—Policy Lead, Science and Innovation Unit, Tony Blair Institute for Global Change (Olamide, "Should Tech Make Us Optimistic About Climate Change?," https://institute.global/policy/should-tech-make-us-optimistic-about-climate-change, dml) Markets drive innovation which resolves sustainability and ecological damage – uniqueness is shifting.Fitzmaurice '15 | 2/12/22 |
1--NC presumptionTournament: UPenn | Round: 3 | Opponent: Lexington AM | Judge: Wu, Jalyn 2Permissibility and presumption negate1~ Obligations- the resolution indicates the affirmative has to prove an obligation, and permissibility would deny the existence of an obligation2~ Falsity- Statements are more often false than true because proving one part of the statement false disproves the entire statement. Presuming all statements are true creates contradictions which would be ethically bankrupt.3~ Negating is harder – A~ Aff gets first and last speech which control the direction of the debate B~ Affirmatives can strategically uplayer in the 1ar giving them a 7-6 time skew advantage, splitting the 2nr C~ They get infinite prep timeTriggers—The aff, at its best, does nothing, that's what embracing the lack meansEmbracing lack in this round doesn't change the world in any prefiat sense | 2/12/22 |
1--NC utilTournament: Lexington | Round: 4 | Opponent: North Allegheny RR | Judge: Choi, Jeong-Wan 1Ethics begin a posteriori.1. Knowledge is based on experience – I wouldn't know 2+24 without experience of objects nor the color red without some experience of color. We can't obtain evidence of goodness without experience.==== 2. Indifference – Even if there are apriori moral truths, I can choose to ignore them. Cognition is binding – if I put my hand on a hot stove, I can't turn off my natural aversion to it.Independently, pleasure and pain are intrinsic value and disvalue – everything else regresses – robust neuroscience.Blum et al. 18 Thus, the standard is maximizing expected well-being or act hedonistic util. Prefer additionally –1~ Death is bad and outweighs – a) agents can't act if they fear for their bodily security which constrains every ethical theory, b) it destroys the subject itself – kills any ability to achieve value in ethics since life is a prerequisite which means it's a side constraint since we can't reach the end goal of ethics without life | 2/18/22 |
1--NC util v2Tournament: UPenn | Round: 3 | Opponent: Lexington AM | Judge: Wu, Jalyn 4The value is morality:Independently, pleasure and pain are intrinsic value and disvalue – everything else regresses – robust neuroscience.Blum et al. 18 Thus, the standard is maximizing expected well-being or act hedonistic util. Prefer additionally –1~ Death is bad and outweighs – a) agents can't act if they fear for their bodily security which constrains every ethical theoryExtinction first –1 – Forecloses future improvement – we can never improve society because our impact is irreversible2 – Turns suffering – mass death causes suffering because people can't get access to resources and basic necessities3 – Moral obligation – allowing people to die is unethical and should be prevented because it creates ethics towards other people | 2/12/22 |
1--NC util v3Tournament: UPenn | Round: Doubles | Opponent: Mercer Island KS | Judge: panel 6Thus, the standard is maximizing expected well-being or act hedonistic util. Prefer additionally –1~ Death is bad and outweighs – a) agents can't act if they fear for their bodily security which constrains every ethical theory, b) it destroys the subject itself – kills any ability to achieve value in ethics since life is a prerequisite which means it's a side constraint since we can't reach the end goal of ethics without lifeExtinction first –1 – Forecloses future improvement – we can never improve society because our impact is irreversible2 – Turns suffering – mass death causes suffering because people can't get access to resources and basic necessities | 2/18/22 |
1--ROB truth testingTournament: Meadows | Round: 6 | Opponent: Westwood AK | Judge: Nethmin Liyanage 3The role of the ballot is to vote for the debater who best proves the truth or falsity of the Resolution; the aff must prove it true and the neg must prove it false.Prefer: ~A~ Text: Five dictionaries define to negate as to deny the truth of and affirm as to prove true which means the sole judge obligation is to vote on the resolution's truth or falsity. This outweighs on common usage – it is abundantly clear that our roles are verified. Any other role of the ballot enforces an external norm on debate, but only truth testing is intrinsic to the process of debate i.e. proving statements true or false through argumentation. Constitutivism outweighs because you don't have the jurisdiction not to truth test – if a chess player says you should break the rules for a more fun game, the proper response is to ignore them as a practice only makes sense based on its intrinsic rules.~B~ Logic: Any counter role of the ballot collapses to truth testing because every property assumes truth of the property i.e. if I say, "I am awake" it is the same as "it is true that I am awake" which means they are also a question of truth claims because it's inherent. It also means their ROB warrants aren't mutually exclusive with mine.~C~ Inclusion: Any offense can function under truth testing whereas your specific role of the ballot excludes all strategies but yours. This is bad for inclusive debates because people without every technical skill or comprehensive debate knowledge are shut out of your scholarship which turns your ROB- truth testing solves because you can do what you're good at and so can I. This is also better for education because me engaging in a debate I know nothing about doesn't help anyone. o/w since it is a real-world implication in round | 1/12/22 |
1--Th Disclosure Round reportsTournament: Dowling Catholic | Round: 1 | Opponent: Millard South BJ | Judge: West, Roberto 2Interp: Debaters must disclose round reports on the 2021-2022 NDCA LD wiki for every round they have debated this season. Round reports disclose which positions (AC, NC, K, T, Theory, etc.) were read/gone for in every speech.Violation: screenshot in the doc –
Standards:1~ Level Playing Field – big schools can go around and scout and collect flows but independents are left in the dark so round reports are key for them to prep- they give you an idea of overall what layers debaters like going for so you can best prepare your strategy when you hit them. Accessibility first and independent voter – it's an impact multiplier.2~ Strategy Education – round reports help novices understand the context in which positions are read by good debaters and help with brainstorming potential 1NCs vs affs – helps compensate for kids who can't afford coaches to prep out affs.3~ Pre-round prep –NCs and 2NRs gives especially give an idea of what type of debater someone is – they could go for 2NR theory every round and shotgun DAs– otherwise I enter every round unknowing whereas you have an idea of what you want to go for from the start.The voters are1~ Fairness b/c a) it' an intrinsic good b) it control the internal link to education c) debate is a game, if it's unfair no-one will want to play.2~ Education b/c a) portability, it's useful for the real world b) constitutive purpose, this is an educational activity.And it's drop-the-debater, k2 deterring further abuse and substance is skewed b/c I had to spend time on theory.No RVI, a) logic, you don't win for being fair, b) debaters will act abusively on purpose to bait out theory and dump on the RVI.Competing interpretations, a) reasonability is bad it requires judge intervention and b) arguing about the norms is the only way to get to the best norms possible. | 1/12/22 |
1--Th Disclosure, open sourceTournament: Yale | Round: 4 | Opponent: Millburn BW | Judge: Abishek Stanley 2Interp: Debaters must open source or cite all broken constructive positions with highlighting from TOC bid tournaments on the 2021-2022 NDCA LD wiki after they read them in round.Violation: They haven't disclosed for this tournamentStandards1~ Levels the playing field—Antonucci 05 ~Michael (Debate coach for Georgetown; former coach for Lexington High School); "~eDebate~ open source? resp to Morris"; December 8; http://www.ndtceda.com/pipermail/edebate/2005-December/064806.html ~ 2~ Clash—tests internal links negs get to dig into the aff case and actually understand link scenarios a~ K2 neg strat, you cant respond to arguments you don't understand b~ k2 education3~ Evidence ethics—disclosure is the only way to verify ethically cut cards, 4 minutes of prep time is too short, a~ ev ethics is part of being a good academic that's a voter b~ miscutting means no limits on lit—affs become unpredictable ruins neg strat4~ Cites don't cut it a~ no highlighting makes positions unpredictable, undermines clash and ev ethics b~ new debaters wont learn by exampleVotersEducation is a voter—it's the only takeaway from debateAccess is a voter—access is k2 fairness, not everyone has a fair shot and equitable educationIf they make debate impossible drop them, this would just be a waste of timeNo RVI a~ debaters will bait theory for RVI's making LD worse b~ you don't get a cookie for being fairCompeting interps a~ Reasonability is arbitrary and requires judge intervention b~ competing interps is a race to the top for the best norms | 1/12/22 |
1--Th Disclosure, open source v2Tournament: UPenn | Round: Doubles | Opponent: Mercer Island KS | Judge: panel 1Interp: Debaters must open source broken constructive positions with highlighting from TOC bid tournaments on the 2021-2022 NDCA LD wiki after they read them in round. To clarify this is about pre-tournament not pre-round prep.Violation: no disclosure
StandardsEngagement – disclosure allows in-depth preparation before the round which checks back against unpredictable positions and allows debaters to effectively write case negs and blocks—a) Small School Inclusion – Big schools will always get your docs through having a lot of judges, competitors, and coaches with connections to other judges only disclosure allows small schools equal access.b) Reciprocity - They have infinite prep before round to make the perfect aff – only disclosure allows us to have a crumb of the amount of time they had. Reciprocity outweighs because it controls the internal link to fairness – irreciprocal burdens create inherent advantages.2. Academic Ethics—disclosure deters mis-cutting, power-tagging, abuse of brackets and ellipses, and plagiarism – makes it harder to beat evidence because I can't find all the issues in-round. I cannot go through all their cards in four minutes and still manage to craft an NC and answers in four minutes.VotersEducation is a voter—it's the only takeaway from debateAccess is a voter—access is k2 fairness, not everyone has a fair shot and equitable educationDTD—its best for setting normsNo RVI a~ debaters will bait theory for RVI's making LD worse b~ you don't get a cookie for being fairCompeting interps a~ Reasonability is arbitrary and requires judge intervention b~ competing interps is a race to the top for the best norms | 2/18/22 |
1--Th Evidence EthicsTournament: Loyola | Round: 6 | Opponent: Strake Jesuit MS | Judge: Abhishek Rao 4Interpretation: All pieces of evidence read must have a citation or article title that at least lists the url or the title of the article.Violation: 1AC first korsgaardThat's a voter for evidence ethics – no way to determnine whether the evidence was made up with an incomplete cite – with the url or title I can trace the article – maintaining ethical ev practices is key to being good academics and we should be able to verify you didn't cheat | 1/12/22 |
1--Th MotherTournament: Meadows | Round: 2 | Opponent: SLC west ML | Judge: Asher Towner 4k—ss in docdtd on cringe, peer pressure solves and she owes me 5$\ | 1/12/22 |
1--Th New Affs BadTournament: Loyola | Round: 1 | Opponent: Plano East AW | Judge: Dosch Danielle 1New affs bad – our interp is that you should disclose the plantext – see doc for SS.1~ Rigorous Scrutiny — we were deprived of the opportunity to research and prepare a response to the case. Secrecy undermines rejoinder and prevents meaningful testing which is the only unique impact to debate2~ Perverse Incentives — "new aff" debates are bad because they lack preparation and coherent clash. Voting for them encourages students to value new above good. Catching others off-guard is not a portable skill.Education is a voter it's the only takeaway from debateDrop the debater for deterrence – | 1/12/22 |
1--Th camerasTournament: Lexington | Round: 1 | Opponent: san mateo YR | Judge: Kim, Thomas 3Interp: Debaters must keep their cameras on during speeches—with the exception of tech issues.Violation: they didn't have their camera on and it works CX checks1~ its clearly delineated in the tournament rules—that means you don't meet any brightline
A~ pre-req to debate—I cant make the 1AR 20 minutes because I feel like it B~ its constitutive to the debate—judges only have the jurisdiction to vote for debaters that participate2~ Verifiability—A~ we can never know if you are getting help if your camera is off, they could be telling you what args to go for, how to argue etc B~ you could have someone else entirely argue for you3~ Risk of DQ's o/w's judges or competitors might snitch to tab ending the debate early pre-req to debate in the first place.4~ Community – cameras-off environment renders debate impersonable – psychic violence o/w since it's a side constraint on the pedagogical values of debate and durability since it affects debaters outside of round.Terada 21 ~Youki Terada (Research and Standards Editor @ Edutopia). "The Camera-On/Camera-Off Dilemma". Edutopia. February 5, 2021. Accessed 9/9/21. https://www.edutopia.org/article/camera-oncamera-dilemma Xu~ | 1/29/22 |
1--Th disclosure, open sourceTournament: Millard North | Round: 3 | Opponent: Lincoln North Star CB | Judge: Moen, Madelyn 1Interpretation: debaters must disclose all constructive positions in cite boxes on the page with their name and school on the 2021-2022 NCDA LD wiki after the round in which they read them. To clarify, they can't say to check open source.Violation:
Standards~1~ Depth of clash – prep becomes more convoluted when we're forced to sift through dozens of word docs. That distracts from pre-round prep, which decreases quality of arguments and clash.~2~ Inclusion – people with slower computers are prone to lag, and even 3 or 4 docs can crash the program. That's a prereq to debate.Disclosing in cite boxes solves – people get a quick summary of your position and can go to OS if they need more info.VotersEducation is a voter—it's the only takeaway from debateAccess is a voter—access is k2 fairness, not everyone has a fair shot and equitable educationDTD—its best for setting normsNo RVI a~ debaters will bait theory for RVI's making LD worse b~ you don't get a cookie for being fairCompeting interps a~ Reasonability is arbitrary and requires judge intervention b~ competing interps is a race to the top for the best norms | 2/19/22 |
1--Th misdisclosureTournament: UPenn | Round: 3 | Opponent: Lexington AM | Judge: Wu, Jalyn 5Misdisclosure is a voter—we all heard them say preround that the docs where the same
We asked for the aff1~ takes out skew2~ lying | 2/12/22 |
2--CP COVAXTournament: Yale | Round: 4 | Opponent: Millburn BW | Judge: Abishek Stanley 4Counterplan: The World Trade Organization ought to-Increase covax support-prioritize trade facilitation-commit to aid for LDC's-invest in pandemic preparednessVioleta Gonzalez 8-1-2021, "Opinion: 4 ways to promote vaccine equity through trade," Devex, https://www.devex.com/news/opinion-4-ways-to-promote-vaccine-equity-through-trade-100457 | 1/12/22 |
2--CP Consult WHOTournament: Meadows | Round: 2 | Opponent: SLC west ML | Judge: Asher Towner 3CP: Member nations of the World Trade Organization should enter into a prior and binding consultation with the World Health Organization over reducing intellectual property protections by limiting drug innovators to one market exclusivity of their choice for their drug. Member nations will support the proposal and adopt the results of consultation.WHO says yesWHO 06 ~(World Health Organization, specialized agency of the United Nations responsible for international public health) "Public health, innovation and intellectual property rights," Report of the Commission on Intellectual Property Rights, Innovation, and Public Health, 2006~ JL Consultation displays strong leadership, authority, and cohesion among member states which are key to WHO legitimacyGostin et al 15 ~(Lawrence O., Linda D. and Timothy J. O'Neill Professor of Global Health Law at Georgetown University, Faculty Director of the O'Neill Institute for National and Global Health Law, Director of the World Health Organization Collaborating Center on Public Health Law and Human Rights, JD from Duke University) "The Normative Authority of the World Health Organization," Georgetown University Law Center, 5/2/2015~ JL WHO diplomacy solves great power conflictMurphy 20 ~(Chris, U.S. senator from Connecticut serving on the U.S. Senate Foreign Relations Committee) "The Answer is to Empower, Not Attack, the World Health Organization," War on the Rocks, 4/21/2020~ JL | 1/12/22 |
2--CP EliminationTournament: Loyola | Round: 6 | Opponent: Strake Jesuit MS | Judge: Abhishek Rao 3Counterplan: The world trade organization ought to eliminate intellectual property protections for medicine.Its competitive reduce does not mean to eliminateMarcus Perrin Knowlton, Late Chief Justice Of The Supreme Judicial Court Of Massachusetts, Opinion in Dora Green v. Abraham Sklar, June 20, 1905, Lexis Academic | 1/12/22 |
2--CP HIFTournament: Yale | Round: 1 | Opponent: Ardrey Kell SG | Judge: lay 2Counterplan – add a Health Impact Fund to incentivize Pharmaceuticals to voluntarily lower prices and increase access. This would add a complement to IPP rather than reducing it.Pogge 10 ~Thomas Pogge, Thomas Winfried Menko Pogge is a German philosopher and is the Director of the Global Justice Program and Leitner Professor of Philosophy and International Affairs at Yale University. Cambridge University Press, "Incentives for Global Health: Patent Law and Access to Essential Medicines. The Health Impact Fund: Better Pharmaceutical Innovations at Much Lower Prices," 2010, https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1431180~~/ lm The exclusion of the poor by the existing patent regime requires reform. Given That solves the aff by including the poor and increasing access but doesn't trigger the disad because it's voluntary, IPP remains unchanged, and increases innovation.Pogge 10 ~Thomas Pogge, Thomas Winfried Menko Pogge is a German philosopher and is the Director of the Global Justice Program and Leitner Professor of Philosophy and International Affairs at Yale University. Cambridge University Press, "Incentives for Global Health: Patent Law and Access to Essential Medicines. The Health Impact Fund: Better Pharmaceutical Innovations at Much Lower Prices," 2010, https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1431180~~/ lm | 1/12/22 |
2--CP IMF v1Tournament: Yale | Round: 4 | Opponent: Millburn BW | Judge: Abishek Stanley 5Text: The International Monetary Fund and the World Bank should pay reparations to indebted nations in the form of debt repudiation and a $650 billion COVID-19 aid package allocated to health infrastructureRedirecting the IMF aid package is key to pulling developing nations out of medical disasters—that solves the affKiderlin 8/3/21 Funding medical programs avoids brain drains and creates innovationMantovani and Wermelinger 20 | 1/12/22 |
2--CP tomorrowTournament: Meadows | Round: 6 | Opponent: Westwood AK | Judge: Nethmin Liyanage 17~ text: do the plan tmrw, today god told us to rest | 1/12/22 |
2--CT spark v1Tournament: Nano Nagle | Round: 6 | Opponent: Southlake Carroll CC | Judge: Carlos Astacio sparkTropical islands survive nuclear winter scenariosTurchin and Green 18 (Alexey Turchin – Scientist for the Foundation Science for Life Extension in Moscow, Russia, Founder of Digital Immortality Now, author of several books and articles on the topics of existential risks and life extension. Brian Patrick Green – Director of technology ethics at the Markkula Center for Applied Ethics, teaches AI ethics in the Graduate School of Engineering at Santa Clara University. MKIM "Islands as refuges for surviving global catastrophes". September 2018. DOA: 7/20/19. https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/FS-04-2018-0031/full/html?fullSc=1andmbSc=1andfullSc=1) Post nuke war industrialization is impossibleLewis Dartnell 15. UK Space Agency research fellow at the University of Leicester, working in astrobiology and the search for microbial life on Mars. His latest book is The Knowledge: How to Rebuild Our World from Scratch. 04-13-15. "Could we reboot a modern civilisation without fossil fuels? – Lewis Dartnell." Aeon. https://aeon.co/essays/could-we-reboot-a-modern-civilisation-without-fossil-fuels Nuke winter solves warmingSorin Adam Matei 12. Ph.D., Associate Dean of Research and Professor of Communication, College of Liberal Arts and Brian Lamb School of Communication, Purdue University. 3-26-2012. "A modest proposal for solving global warming: nuclear war – Sorin Adam Matei." Matei. https://matei.org/ithink/2012/03/26/a-modest-proposal-for-solving-global-warming-nuclear-war/ Move to geoengineering now kills biodiversity – makes it impossible for species to adapt.Stephen Fleischfresser 18. a lecturer at the University of Melbourne's Trinity College and holds a PhD in the History and Philosophy of Science. "Geoengineering could cause more harm than climate change," Cosmos Magazine, https://cosmosmagazine.com/technology/neering-could-cause-more-harm-than-climate-change reem Loss of biodiversity causes extinction.Rajendra Madhavrao Shende 13. an alumnus of Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) and former Director in United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), is currently serving as the Chairman of TERRE Policy Centre which is a not-for-profit organization engaged in the evidence-based policy development and project based advocacy on the sustainable development, "Importance of Biodiversity Why should we care?"; October, 2013; NEWSLETERRE, Volume 11, Issue 1 reem | 1/12/22 |
2--CT spark v2Tournament: Meadows | Round: 4 | Opponent: Immac RR | Judge: Taisei Summerhays The tiniest chance of universe destruction outweighs certain human extinction—we are cosmically insignificantDr. Nick Hughes 18, Postdoctoral Research Fellow at University College Dublin, PhD in Philosophy from University of St Andrews and University of Olso, and Dr. Guy Kahane, Professor of Philosophy at the University of Oxford, D. Phil. in Philosophy from Oxford University, "Our Cosmic Insignificance", 7-6, http://www.unariunwisdom.com/our-cosmic-insignificance/ Tropical islands survive nuclear winter scenariosTurchin and Green 18 (Alexey Turchin – Scientist for the Foundation Science for Life Extension in Moscow, Russia, Founder of Digital Immortality Now, author of several books and articles on the topics of existential risks and life extension. Brian Patrick Green – Director of technology ethics at the Markkula Center for Applied Ethics, teaches AI ethics in the Graduate School of Engineering at Santa Clara University. MKIM "Islands as refuges for surviving global catastrophes". September 2018. DOA: 7/20/19. https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/FS-04-2018-0031/full/html?fullSc=1andmbSc=1andfullSc=1) Post nuke war industrialization is impossibleLewis Dartnell 15. UK Space Agency research fellow at the University of Leicester, working in astrobiology and the search for microbial life on Mars. His latest book is The Knowledge: How to Rebuild Our World from Scratch. 04-13-15. "Could we reboot a modern civilisation without fossil fuels? – Lewis Dartnell." Aeon. https://aeon.co/essays/could-we-reboot-a-modern-civilisation-without-fossil-fuels Biod lossMove to geoengineering now kills biodiversity – makes it impossible for species to adapt.Stephen Fleischfresser 18. a lecturer at the University of Melbourne's Trinity College and holds a PhD in the History and Philosophy of Science. "Geoengineering could cause more harm than climate change," Cosmos Magazine, https://cosmosmagazine.com/technology/neering-could-cause-more-harm-than-climate-change reem Loss of biodiversity causes extinction.Rajendra Madhavrao Shende 13. an alumnus of Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) and former Director in United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), is currently serving as the Chairman of TERRE Policy Centre which is a not-for-profit organization engaged in the evidence-based policy development and project based advocacy on the sustainable development, "Importance of Biodiversity Why should we care?"; October, 2013; NEWSLETERRE, Volume 11, Issue 1 reem Isomer bombsGamma-ray weapons drop deterrence and create explosions 60 times greater—if nuke war is close to extinction there is no doubt that isomer bombs cause extinctionDavid Hambling, 8-1-2003, "Gamma-ray weapons could trigger next arms race," New Scientist, https://www.newscientist.com/article/dn4049-gamma-ray-weapons-could-trigger-next-arms-race/ | 1/12/22 |
2--DA Innovation v1Tournament: Loyola | Round: 1 | Opponent: Plano East AW | Judge: Dosch Danielle 2The aff is a solution in search of a problem – they eviscerate the utility of follow on innovations and fail to target the root cause of high drug problems.Holman 20 (Holman, Christopher M. "Why Pharmaceutical Follow-on Innovation Should Be Eligible for Patent Protection." Geneva Network, 7 Feb. 2020, geneva-network.com/research/why-pharmaceutical-follow-on-innovation-should-be-eligible-for-patent-protection/. ~Chris Holman joined C-IP2 as a Senior Scholar in 2014, and he became the Senior Fellow for Life Sciences at C-IP2 in August 2020. He is a Professor at the University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Law, where his primary research focus lies at the intersection of intellectual property and biotechnology. He has published numerous articles in law reviews and scientific publications such as Science, Cell, and Nature Biotechnology, and has authored amicus briefs in a number of important biotechnology patent cases at the Supreme Court and Federal Circuit. In 2008 he was awarded the Daniel L Brenner Faculty Publishing Award for an influential law review article on human gene patent litigation. Prior to becoming a law professor, Holman served as vice-president of intellectual property and patent counsel at several Silicon Valley biotechnology companies and worked as an associate at a major intellectual property law firm. He was also a tenure-track chemistry professor in the California State University system.~)LK ~Accessed 8/23/2021~ Medical innovation high nowAustin et al 21, David Austin and Tamara Hayford Joseph Kile, Lyle Nelson, and Julie Topoleski. Christopher Adams, Pranav Bhandarkar, and David Wylie, April 2021, "Research and Development in the Pharmaceutical Industry" IP protections motivate innovators to take risks – that means long term development and prolifBacchus '20 (James Bacchus; James Bacchus is a member of the Herbert A. Stiefel Center for Trade Policy Studies, the Distinguished University Professor of Global Affairs and director of the Center for Global Economic and Environmental Opportunity at the University of Central Florida. He was a founding judge and was twice the chairman—the chief judge—of the highest court of world trade, the Appellate Body of the World Trade Organization in Geneva, Switzerland.; 12-16-2020; "An Unnecessary Proposal: A WTO Waiver of Intellectual Property Rights for COVID-19 Vaccines"; https://www.cato.org/free-trade-bulletin/unnecessary-proposal-wto-waiver-intellectual-property-rights-covid-19-vaccines~~#, Cato Institute, accessed 7-21-2021; JPark) | 1/12/22 |
2--DA Innovation v2Tournament: Yale | Round: 1 | Opponent: Ardrey Kell SG | Judge: lay NC vs Trips1Innovation high and evergreening is false – postdates your ev and we have statsEzell 20. Stephen Ezell, July 2020, "Ensuring U.S. Biopharmaceutical Competitiveness," Information Technology and Innovation Foundation, http://www2.itif.org/2020-biopharma-competitiveness.pdf sean! IP protections motivate innovators to take risks – that means long term development and prolifBacchus '20 (James Bacchus; James Bacchus is a member of the Herbert A. Stiefel Center for Trade Policy Studies, the Distinguished University Professor of Global Affairs and director of the Center for Global Economic and Environmental Opportunity at the University of Central Florida. He was a founding judge and was twice the chairman—the chief judge—of the highest court of world trade, the Appellate Body of the World Trade Organization in Geneva, Switzerland.; 12-16-2020; "An Unnecessary Proposal: A WTO Waiver of Intellectual Property Rights for COVID-19 Vaccines"; https://www.cato.org/free-trade-bulletin/unnecessary-proposal-wto-waiver-intellectual-property-rights-covid-19-vaccines~~#, Cato Institute, accessed 7-21-2021; JPark) Innovation is k2 stopping bioterrorMarjanovic and Fejiao '20 Marjanovic, Sonja, and Carolina Feijao. Sonja Marjanovic, Ph.D., Judge Business School, University of Cambridge. Carolina Feijao, Ph.D. in biochemistry, University of Cambridge; M.Sc. in quantitive biology, Imperial College London; B.Sc. in biology, University of Lisbon. "Pharmaceutical Innovation for Infectious Disease Management: From Troubleshooting to Sustainable Models of Engagement." https://www.rand.org/pubs/perspectives/PEA407-1.html (2020). ~Quality Control~ Bioterror is the largest medical threat—it o/w's pandemics on probabilityBakerlee '21 Chris Bakerlee is a Ph.D. candidate studying evolutionary genetics at Harvard University and a fellow in the Council on Strategic Risks's Fellowship for Ending Bioweapons Programs. "Mother Nature is not 'the ultimate bioterrorist' - STAT." STAT, 8 Jan. 2021, www.statnews.com/2021/01/08/mother-nature-is-not-the-ultimate-bioterrorist. ~Quality Control~ | 1/12/22 |
2--K Cap v1Tournament: Nano Nagle | Round: 4 | Opponent: Monta Vista RD | Judge: squid monteith 2The aff's positioning of competition as intrinsic good acts to maintain the stability of capital accumulation.Christophers 16 ~Brett Christophers, Professor in the Department of Social and Economic Geography at Uppsala University, "The Great Leveler: Capitalism and Competition in the Court of Law," 2016, Harvard University Press, pp. 8-15, EA~ Capitalist imperialism enables hypermilitarization, dooms world economic prosperity to inevitable collapse, and plunges the human species into extinction.Robinson et al 17 (Robinson, William I., et al. "Global Capitalist Crisis and Trump's War Drive." Truthout, Truthout, 19 Apr. 2017, truthout.org/articles/global-capitalist-crisis-and-trump-s-war-drive/.)LK ~RCT~ ~Accessed 8/28/19~ The aff saves the WTO — the crown jewel of modern capitalism, this is literally their meyer ev re-highlightedMeyer 21, David Meyer, 6-18-2021, "The WTO's survival hinges on the COVID-19 vaccine patent debate, waiver advocates warn – Fortune," Fortune, https://fortune.com/2021/06/18/wto-covid-vaccines-patents-waiver-south-africa-trips/amp/, EH and brett Capitalist trade is central to global warming.Bello 08 Walden, senior analyst at the Bangkok-based research and advocacy institute Focus on the Global South and professor at the University of the Philippines, July 28, "Derail Doha, Save the Climate", http://www.commondreams.org/views/2008/07/29/derail-doha-save-climate/ brett The alternative is a dual power approach to communist strategy. We must build independent communist institutions capable of surviving and defending themselves against the capitalist world. Not only does the alt solve for material violence in the transition period, it also eliminates the material and ideological dependences on capital that prevent revolution.Escalante 19 ~Alyson Escalante is a Marxist-Leninist, Materialist Feminist and Anti-Imperialist activist. "Communism and Climate Change: A Dual Power Approach" in Regeneration. March 26, 2019. https://regenerationmag.org/communism-and-climate-change-a-dual-power-approach/~~ KZaidi LK ~RCT 12/10/19~ | 1/12/22 |
2--K Cap v2Tournament: Nano Nagle | Round: 6 | Opponent: Southlake Carroll CC | Judge: Carlos Astacio 2The aff's positioning of competition as intrinsic good acts to maintain the stability of capital accumulation.Christophers 16 ~~~Brett Christophers, Professor in the Department of Social and Economic Geography at Uppsala University, "The Great Leveler: Capitalism and Competition in the Court of Law," 2016, Harvard University Press, pp. 8-15, EA~~~ Capitalist imperialism enables hypermilitarization, dooms world economic prosperity to inevitable collapse, and plunges the human species into extinction.Robinson et al 17 (Robinson, William I., et al. "Global Capitalist Crisis and Trump's War Drive." Truthout, Truthout, 19 Apr. 2017, truthout.org/articles/global-capitalist-crisis-and-trump-s-war-drive/.)LK ~~~RCT~~~ ~~~Accessed 8/28/19~~~ The alternative is a dual power approach to communist strategy. We must build independent communist institutions capable of surviving and defending themselves against the capitalist world. Not only does the alt solve for material violence in the transition period, it also eliminates the material and ideological dependences on capital that prevent revolution.Escalante 19 ~~~Alyson Escalante is a Marxist-Leninist, Materialist Feminist and Anti-Imperialist activist. "Communism and Climate Change: A Dual Power Approach" in Regeneration. March 26, 2019. https://regenerationmag.org/communism-and-climate-change-a-dual-power-approach/~~~~~~ KZaidi LK ~~~RCT 12/10/19~~~ | 1/12/22 |
2--K Cap vs Trans genealogyTournament: Loyola | Round: 4 | Opponent: Sam Barlow EL | Judge: Rosas Yardley 2The aff's academic fixation with sexuality trades on past theory while locking in attachment to the current structure of the universityEagleton 3 ~Terry, Distinguished Professor of English Literature at Lancaster University, After Theory, 2003, Basic Books: New York, NY, p. 1-3~ Breaking down capitalism is key to solve anti-trans oppression—-it's the root cause of strict gender roles and the nuclear familyMiles 14 ~Laura, "Transgender oppression and resistance," 9 Jan 2014, International Socialism Issue 141, http://www.isj.org.uk/?id=944~~ Our alternative is to imagine a communist horizon. In the face of planetary destruction, there is no choice but one of collective mobilization against capitalism– anything less is mere apologism for continued leftist failure.Dean 12 Jodi Dean is a political theorist and professor in the Political Science department at Hobart and William Smith Colleges, the position of Erasmus Professor of the Humanities in the Faculty of Philosophy at Erasmus University Rotterdam. B.A. Princeton University, M.A. and Ph.D. Columbia University, co-editor of Digital Barricades. "The Communist Horizon." Published October 9th 2012. || COMRADE OES-SW | 1/12/22 |
2--K Hauntology v1Tournament: Meadows | Round: 2 | Opponent: SLC west ML | Judge: Asher Towner 2The affs positioning to the healthcare institution as a place of healing omits the specter of iatrogenic suffering, and prevents the improvement of the healthcare sector, the link alone turns case because the institution cannot improve itselfAlice Street, 12-12-2018, "Ghostly Ethics," Taylor and Francis, https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/01459740.2018.1521400 Hauntology leads to the cancellation of future because of the nostalgia invoked by the aff, we reminisce the past as the future and repeat our atrocities, this turns the aff and is a solvency deficit, they can never solve root cause so long as they ignore the ghosts in the medical sectorEnis Yucekoralp 12-04-21 "Remembering the Future Nostalgia, Hauntology, and the Spectres of the Internet" https://przekroj.pl/en/society/remembering-the-future-enis-yucekoralp The alternative is to embrace the specter – only a critical interrogation of the present and the past as singular, totalizing, and complete can prevent the obstruction of possibility.Zembylas 13 – Associate Professor of Educational Theory and Curriculum Studies at the Open University of Cyprus (Michalinos, "Pedagogies of Hauntology In History Education: Learning to Live with the Ghosts of Disappeared Victims of War and Dictatorship," DOI: 10.1111/edth.12010, February 2013)DD | 1/12/22 |
2--K Hauntology v2Tournament: Meadows | Round: 4 | Opponent: Immac RR | Judge: Taisei Summerhays 2The affs positioning to the healthcare institution as a place of healing ignores the specter of iatrogenic suffering, and prevents the improvement of the healthcare sector, the link alone turns case because the institution cannot improve itselfAlice Street, 12-12-2018, "Ghostly Ethics," Taylor and Francis, https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/01459740.2018.1521400 Hauntology leads to the cancellation of future because of the nostalgia invoked by the aff, we reminisce the past as the future and repeat our atrocities, this turns the aff and is a solvency deficit, they can never solve root cause so long as they ignore the ghosts in the medical sectorEnis Yucekoralp 12-04-21 "Remembering the Future Nostalgia, Hauntology, and the Spectres of the Internet" https://przekroj.pl/en/society/remembering-the-future-enis-yucekoralp Embracing these specters is key to solve for nationalist and authoritarian violence – anything other method justifies erasing all traces that disturb the self-enclosure of the present and turns all impacts.Papastephanou 11 – Associate Professor in the Department of Education at the University of Cyprus (Marianna, "Material Specters: International Conflicts, Disaster Management, and Educational Projects," Educational Theory, Volume 61, Number 1, 2011, pgs. 113-114)DD The alternative is to embrace the specter – only a critical interrogation of the present and the past as singular, totalizing, and complete can prevent the obstruction of possibility and their case cant solve since they look at time linearly—since their reps are messed up they cant interact correctlyZembylas 13 – Associate Professor of Educational Theory and Curriculum Studies at the Open University of Cyprus (Michalinos, "Pedagogies of Hauntology In History Education: Learning to Live with the Ghosts of Disappeared Victims of War and Dictatorship," DOI: 10.1111/edth.12010, February 2013)DD Don't weigh casea~ Fiat is illusory—nothing happens when you vote for the plan, rejecting their reps is k2 decreasing linear views of historyb~ Reps firstReps are a pre-requisite to policy actionsDoty, 1996 (Roxanne Lynn Doty, Assistant Professor of Political Science at Arizona State University, "Imperial Encounters" 5-6) c~ Hauntology is key to break down hegemonic knowledge production by focusing on inventing the future rather than fixing the past.Zembylas 13 – Associate Professor of Educational Theory and Curriculum Studies at the Open University of Cyprus (Michalinos, "Pedagogies of Hauntology In History Education: Learning to Live with the Ghosts of Disappeared Victims of War and Dictatorship," DOI: 10.1111/edth.12010, February 2013)DD | 1/12/22 |
2--K Security v1Tournament: Loyola | Round: 1 | Opponent: Plano East AW | Judge: Dosch Danielle 3The aff says "~Evolving superbugs trigger extinction.~" this apocalyptic rhetoric links to securitization which leads to endless warNeocleous 2012 The aff links to environmental securitization when they say "~Climate change destroys the world.~" they create inhumanistic eco-authoritarianism and they create indifference towards nature because people want to live in a post-nature society.Buell 3 Frederick—cultural critic on the environmental crisis and a Professor of English at Queens College and the author of five books, From Apocalypse To Way of Life, pages 185-186 The affirmative fixationcreates lifeless bodies that can be used and destroyed in pursuit of the perfect bodyGomel 2k (Elana Gomel, English department head at Tel Aviv University, Winter 2000, published in Twentieth Century Literature Volume 46, "https://go.gale.com/ps/i.do?id=GALE7CA75141042andsid=googleScholarandv=2.1andit=randlinkaccess=absandissn=0041462Xandp=AONEandsw=wanduserGroupName=anon7E64a2d2d "http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0403/is_4_46/ai_75141042) The alt is to reject the 1AC's securitization representations—this opens new possibilities, like challenging dominations as well as allowing the starting of questioning about current frameworksBurke, School of Political Science and International Studies, University of Queensland 2002 ~Anthony, Alternatives 27~ https://www.jstor.org/stable/40645035?seq=1~~#metadata_info_tab_contents Don't weigha~ Fiat is illusory—nothing happens when you vote for the plan, rejecting their securitization rhetoric it k2 preventing securitized mindsetsb~ Reps firstReps are a pre-requisite to policy actionsDoty, 1996 (Roxanne Lynn Doty, Assistant Professor of Political Science at Arizona State University, "Imperial Encounters" 5-6) | 1/12/22 |
2--K Security v2Tournament: Yale | Round: 4 | Opponent: Millburn BW | Judge: Abishek Stanley 1The aff says "~Corona escalates security threats that cause extinction~" this apocalyptic rhetoric links to securitization which leads to endless warNeocleous 2012 The affirmative focus on disease creates lifeless bodies that can be used and destroyed in pursuit of the perfect bodyGomel 2k (Elana Gomel, English department head at Tel Aviv University, Winter 2000, published in Twentieth Century Literature Volume 46, "https://go.gale.com/ps/i.do?id=GALE7CA75141042andsid=googleScholarandv=2.1andit=randlinkaccess=absandissn=0041462Xandp=AONEandsw=wanduserGroupName=anon7E64a2d2d "http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0403/is_4_46/ai_75141042) The alt is to reject the 1AC's securitization representations—this opens new possibilities, like challenging dominations as well as allowing the starting of questioning about current frameworksBurke, School of Political Science and International Studies, University of Queensland 2002 ~Anthony, Alternatives 27~ https://www.jstor.org/stable/40645035?seq=1~~#metadata_info_tab_contents Don't weigha~ Fiat is illusory—nothing happens when you vote for the plan, rejecting their securitization rhetoric it k2 preventing securitized mindsetsb~ Reps firstReps are a pre-requisite to policy actionsDoty, 1996 (Roxanne Lynn Doty, Assistant Professor of Political Science at Arizona State University, "Imperial Encounters" 5-6) | 1/12/22 |
2--NC HegelTournament: Loyola | Round: 6 | Opponent: Strake Jesuit MS | Judge: Abhishek Rao 1Ethics starts with self-actualization, described as the capacity to abstract from one's particular conditions through embodying personality in the world and recognition from others. Thus, the standard is consistency with mutual recognition.Wood 90 ~Allen W. Wood, Ruth Norman Halls Professor of Philosophy, Indiana University, "Hegel's Ethical Thought" Cambridge University Press, 1990, https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/hegels-ethical-thought/D409B1F04527F36C32227799D0B303E5~~/ lm Prefer –1~ Action theory – Every action can be broken down to infinite amounts of movements. Only the formation of a subject can unify the movements under a will.2~ Performativity – debate requires mutual-recognition and self-actualization as the neg and aff recognize each other's roles and personality is expressed in our cases.3~ Subject formation is a side constraint as we can only have ethical obligations when we are ethical subjects that mutually recognize one another.Now negate –1~ Intellectual property protections are justified for enabling self-actualization.Moore and Hinma 18 ~Moore, Adam and Ken Himma, "Intellectual Property", The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Winter 2018 Edition), Edward N. Zalta (ed.), https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/win2018/entries/intellectual-property/~~/ lm 2~ IPP is necessary for achieving mutual recognition through materializing the personality of the inventor in the market.Hughes 88 ~Justin Hughes, Prior to joining Loyola in 2013, Professor Justin Hughes taught at Cardozo Law School where he served as director of Cardozo's Intellectual Property Program, 2004 through 2008, and founded the law school's Indie Film Clinic, the first of its kind, "The Philosophy of Intellectual Property," 77 Georgetown L.J. 287, 330-350 (1988), https://cyber.harvard.edu/IPCoop/88hugh2.html~~/ lm | 1/12/22 |
2--NC Kant v1Tournament: Nano Nagle | Round: 6 | Opponent: Southlake Carroll CC | Judge: Carlos Astacio 3Practical reason constrains everything:~~~1~~~ Postulation – reason is a prior question to evaluation of ethics since anything else collapses, we can infinitely question our foundations~~~2~~~ Epistemology – rational deliberation of educational concepts is necessary to interpret other argumentFreedom follows:We could not hold agents responsible for their actions if assume them to have the freedom to control their actions.Moral law follows – it stems from reason a) morality based on desires would be imposed on us from the outside and we could not be free b) anything else is non-binding and arbitrary since empiricism is always subject to changeThus, the standard is consistency with the categorical imperative.Now negate-The aff violates the categorical imperative, governments have a obligation to protect creationsVan Dyke 18 Raymond Van Dyke, 7-17-2018, "The Categorical Imperative for Innovation and Patenting," IPWatchdog, https://www.ipwatchdog.com/2018/07/17/categorical-imperative-innovation-patenting/id=99178/ SJDA recut SJKS | 1/12/22 |
2--P GCBTournament: Meadows | Round: 6 | Opponent: Westwood AK | Judge: Nethmin Liyanage 16~ GCBHimma The sqou is the best world because the GCB is morally perfect | 1/12/22 |
2--P decisionsTournament: Meadows | Round: 6 | Opponent: Westwood AK | Judge: Nethmin Liyanage 13~ In order to decide to do the affirmative we need a decision-making procedure to enact it, vote for it, and to determine it is a good decision. But to chose a decision-making procedure requires another meta level decision making procedure leading to infinite regress since every decision requires another decision to chose how to make a decision. | 1/12/22 |
2--P demonsTournament: Meadows | Round: 6 | Opponent: Westwood AK | Judge: Nethmin Liyanage 12~ You can't be sure anything besides yourself exists so the res is incoherent and you can't meet either burden:a) we could be deceived by a demon, dreaming, or in a simulation so the whole world could be nonexistent | 1/12/22 |
2--P failureTournament: Meadows | Round: 6 | Opponent: Westwood AK | Judge: Nethmin Liyanage 15~ Premise 1 is that there are an infinite number of ways for the affirmative to fail. Atoms or dust particles could be shifted in an infinite number of ways that don't affect the aff failing.Premise 2: Let the cases where the aff succeeds equal x. The probability of the aff succeeding is x divided by (x + the number of ways the aff could fail). However, infinity + some x is still equal to infinity, meaning the chances the aff succeeds is x/infinity which converges to zero because as infinity grows larger the probability grows infinitely smaller.Premise 3: If the probability of the aff succeeding is 0, the probability of the aff failing is 100 so vote neg on presumption since the aff has no solvency. | 1/12/22 |
2--P forTournament: Meadows | Round: 6 | Opponent: Westwood AK | Judge: Nethmin Liyanage 9~ for is "in place of or on behalf of" but medicines aren't replacing IP. | 1/12/22 |
2--P good samaritanTournament: Meadows | Round: 6 | Opponent: Westwood AK | Judge: Nethmin Liyanage 14~ In order to say I want to fix x problem, you must say that you want x problem to exist, since it requires the problem exist to solve, which makes any moral attempt inherently immoral and theory sets bad norms because we vote for interps that are marginally better than other interps, rather the best version of the interp, so it doesn't achieve the voter. | 1/12/22 |
2--P hologramTournament: Meadows | Round: 6 | Opponent: Westwood AK | Judge: Nethmin Liyanage | 1/12/22 |
2--P inherencyTournament: Meadows | Round: 6 | Opponent: Westwood AK | Judge: Nethmin Liyanage 1~ Inherency – either a) the aff is non-inherent and you vote neg on presumption, or b) it is and won't happen for the reasons it hasn't already. | 1/12/22 |
2--P knowledgeTournament: Meadows | Round: 6 | Opponent: Westwood AK | Judge: Nethmin Liyanage 11~ If all truths are knowable, then all truths must in fact be known. One cannot search for what they don't know – and everything you can search for, you already know. It also means one cannot learn – for to know about what is already known is to learn nothing at all – that means you should vote negative on presumption because they have neither known nor forgotten the world beneath the 1AC. | 1/12/22 |
2--P languageTournament: Meadows | Round: 6 | Opponent: Westwood AK | Judge: Nethmin Liyanage 12~ Interpreting speech is impossible since it relies on a subjective frame of reference which causes regress.Harman Gilbert "Quine's Semantic Relativity" June 30, 2009 SJCPJG | 1/12/22 |
2--P medicineTournament: Meadows | Round: 6 | Opponent: Westwood AK | Judge: Nethmin Liyanage 10~ medicine is "a substance (such as a drug or potion) used to treat something other than disease" but the aff is about things that treat disease. | 1/12/22 |
2--P memberTournament: Meadows | Round: 6 | Opponent: Westwood AK | Judge: Nethmin Liyanage 4~ member is "a body part or organ" but an organ can't have obligation | 1/12/22 |
2--P ofTournament: Meadows | Round: 6 | Opponent: Westwood AK | Judge: Nethmin Liyanage 5~ of is the abbreviation of "outfield" but the rez isn't a baseball game. | 1/12/22 |
2--P permissibilityTournament: Meadows | Round: 6 | Opponent: Westwood AK | Judge: Nethmin Liyanage Permissibility negates: a) negate means "to deny the truth of," so the neg can disprove an obligation through permissibility since the 1ac must defend an active obligation to act, b) lack of obligation proves the res false – it says you have to prove obligation, but you cannot be obligated and lack obligation simultaneously | 1/12/22 |
2--P presumptionTournament: Meadows | Round: 6 | Opponent: Westwood AK | Judge: Nethmin Liyanage Presumption negates: a) we assume statements false until proven true which is why we don't believe in alternate realities or conspiracy theories, b) statements are more often false then true – if I say this pen is red, I can only prove it true by showing its red, but I can prove it false in infinite ways | 1/12/22 |
2--P reduceTournament: Meadows | Round: 6 | Opponent: Westwood AK | Judge: Nethmin Liyanage 8~ reduce is to "to draw together or cause to converge" but the case gains offense from diminishing IP. | 1/12/22 |
2--P solipsismTournament: Meadows | Round: 6 | Opponent: Westwood AK | Judge: Nethmin Liyanage b) Solipsism is true and is the only way to account for our low-entropy universe – takes out your framework because there's no societal ideals and no need for the veil of ignoranceAlbrecht 8 ~Andreas Albrecht and Lorenzo Sorbo (Department of Physics, UC Davis) "Can the universe afford inflation?" February 1st 2008 http://arxiv.org/pdf/hep-th/0405270v2.pdf JW 1/22/15~ | 1/12/22 |
2--P spookiesTournament: Meadows | Round: 6 | Opponent: Westwood AK | Judge: Nethmin Liyanage 1Spooky skepticism is true and it negatesYou could be a test tube in a witch's laboratory or be hypnotized by a mad scientist – that negates since it would mean the status quo as outlined by the aff doesn't exist and truth implies certainty – the sentence "It is true that ghosts exist but I'm not sure they exist" is incoherent.The ghost of the undecidable – every decision is haunted by the interpretation that follows it. Lawlor 19Lawlor, Leonard, "Jacques Derrida", The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Fall 2019 Edition), Edward N. Zalta (ed.), URL = https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/fall2019/entries/derrida/. js Knowledge is as real as the monsters under your bed – either any inquiry is known or unknown. If known, then it doesn't have to be discovered, but if unknown then it's impossible to know that you have discovered it. Negate on presumption because the quest for knowledge or truth in the aff is fundamentally impossibleTo is defined as "expressing motion in the direction of" according to the first result on the internet as in "I am going to my neighbors for candy" – that negates since ought statements can't "move" anywhere. | 1/12/22 |
2--P theTournament: Meadows | Round: 6 | Opponent: Westwood AK | Judge: Nethmin Liyanage 6~ the is "god" but the WTO isn't god. | 1/12/22 |
2--P toTournament: Meadows | Round: 6 | Opponent: Westwood AK | Judge: Nethmin Liyanage 7~ to is to "used as a function word to indicate direction toward" but the rez doesn't have a location | 1/12/22 |
2--P zenosTournament: Meadows | Round: 6 | Opponent: Westwood AK | Judge: Nethmin Liyanage 2~ Zeno's Paradox – to go anywhere, you must go halfway first, and then half the remaining distance, and half the remaining distance, and so on to infinity – thus, motion fails cuz it requires traversing infinite spaces in finite time. If movement fails, reducing IP isn't a logical consequence of the rez. | 1/12/22 |
2--T Definite PluralTournament: Nano Nagle | Round: 4 | Opponent: Monta Vista RD | Judge: squid monteith 1Interp: "The member nations" is a definite plural, thus the aff must not defend any subset of member states.Marriam Webster https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/definite20article The use of the word "the" in the res denotes to all 164 member nations of the WTO.Violation: The plan text specs the ~US~Standards1~ Limits—there are 164 new affs, explodes neg prep since we cant have 160 specific linksWTO "WTO Members and Observers," No Publication, https://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/whatis_e/tif_e/org6_e.htm 2~ Precision—anything other interp lets affs do away with random words in the res a~ that means no solid neg ground b~ The judge doesn't have the jurisdiction to vote on affs that don't affirmVotersFairness first—debate is a game if it's not fair people won't playDTD—a~ debaters only listen to ballots it creates the best norms, and they ruined my ability to compete b~ the argument is their case that means the debate can't startNo RVI a~ debaters will bait theory for RVI's making LD more abusive b~ you don't get a cookie for being fairCompeting interps a~ Reasonability is arbitrary and requires judge intervention b~ competing interps is a race to the top for the best normsT before theory a~ I only get 2 months to set norms they get 4 years b~ any NC abuse was a necessary check against 1AC abuse | 1/12/22 |
2--T Nebel medicinesTournament: Meadows | Round: 4 | Opponent: Immac RR | Judge: Taisei Summerhays 1Interp: "Medicines" is a bare plural, thus the aff must not defend a subset of medicines.Nebel 19 Nebel, Jake. ~PhD candidate in philosophy at New York University, executive director at the Victory Briefs Institute for Debate, professor of philosophy at the University of Southern California~. "Existential Bare Plurals and Quantifier Scope." Vbriefly. January 2, 2019. https://www.vbriefly.com/2019/01/02/existential-bare-plurals-and-quantifier-scope-by-jake-nebel/?fbclid=IwAR3d1BVzSwoB1sq7PQR9dYE3_Ee-qAgD-phE2xJh6kAmrrgPOyabpO_Dxww TG Violation: The plan text specs ~malaria treatments~Standards1~ Limits and predictability—there are 20,000 new affs that means huge aff prep skewFDA 9-2020"Fact Sheet: FDA at a Glance," U.S. Food and Drug Administration, https://www.fda.gov/about-fda/fda-basics/fact-sheet-fda-glance 2~ Precision—anything other interp lets affs do away with random words in the res a~ that means no solid neg ground b~ The judge doesn't have the jurisdiction to vote on affs that don't affirmVotersFairness first—debate is a game if its not fair people won't playDTD—a~ debaters only listen to ballots it creates the best norms, and they ruined my ability to compete b~ the argument is their case that means the debate can't startNo RVI a~ debaters will bait theory for RVI's making LD more abusive b~ you don't get a cookie for being fairCompeting interps a~ Reasonability is arbitrary and requires judge intervention b~ competing interps is a race to the top for the best normsT before theory a~ I only get 2 months to set norms they get 4 years b~ any NC abuse was a necessary check against 1AC abuse | 1/12/22 |
2--T-FrameworkTournament: Loyola | Round: 4 | Opponent: Sam Barlow EL | Judge: Rosas Yardley 1T-fwThe interpretation is the affirmative must only get offense off the desirability of the resolution.They violate, CX checks, they don't defend implimentation1~- Limits—a bounded topic serves as a predictable stasis point for debate that guarantees thematic coherence—absent defined limits, debate's competitive incentives create a race to the margins that distorts topic research and kills education.2~- Topic education, we only have two months per topic debating non-T affs incentivizes debaters to dump the topic and forces me to spend time prepping those affs instead.3~- Clash, A) ground skew, aff absent limits aff can just pick topics with no neg ground like racism bad, B) Predictability I can't prep ATs to an infinite number of possible aff cases.4~Paradigm issues:1~- Education, its important b/c a) it's why debate gets funded and b) it's the only takeaway.2~- Fairness, a) it's an intrinsic good, b) all args concede cause they assume the judge evaluates them fairly, c) debate is a game, if it's unfair no one will want to play which kills education.3~- Jurisdiction, judges can't vote for anything beyond the purview of the resolution a) Judges don't vote on args outside the round, b) judges don't flow CX, c) the judges job at this tournament is to evaluate different arguments about the resolution, judges don't get to decide what is topical, the tournament does, d) anything else allows judges to inject anti-black, anti-women, anti-queer bias which turns case.4~- Drop the debater, a) it deters further abuse and makes debate better for everyone and substance is skewed since I had to spend time on theory b) They didn't affirm the resolution which means the debate cannot start5~-No RVI's, you don't win for being fair. Also, debaters will bait out theory to win on RVI's which means infinite justified abuse6~- Competing interpretations, a) reasonability is bad b/c it requires judge intervention and b) arguing ab the norms is the only way to get the best norms possible7~ Reading the aff topically is k2 testing the aff, that creates better performances and educates us which turns the aff because we know what performances are true or notNo cross apps from substance, a) testing, if they cross, it is impossible to win, even if they are unfair, b) logic, they are using unfairness to prove that they are fair, which is contradictory, c) a priori, T must be evaluated in a vacuum – otherwise it is not a fair testing of whether they are fair.Any argument they're winning supercharges the violation and is not a reason to vote for them since they're winning it because I couldn't engage.TVA solves – Read a topical planless aff about ~~ in the context of the resolution, it's the best of both worlds.Switch sides debate solves, read the K on negUnderveiw1~- No 1ar theory, any response to my counter interpretation will be new in the 2ar which requires judge intervention, OWs all shells, and also encourages friv theory dumps over substance clash.2~- No perms in a method debate, my method is a counter method to the aff, they have to defend why theirs is better. If they perm, then no solvency because I can perm too so there's no offense to vote on.3~- They can still read their performance in debate, it just can't be tied to the ballot because that risk their movement getting coopted. Just because they don't get the ballot doesn't mean they can't debate anymore you can still go to tournaments regardless of the action in this round.4~- The T shell and K come first b/c they indict the ability to read the AC in the first place. | 1/12/22 |
2--T-spec IPTournament: Loyola | Round: 6 | Opponent: Strake Jesuit MS | Judge: Abhishek Rao 2Interp: The aff must provide a definition of intellectual property in the 1ac doc.Intellectual property is a vague, uncertain term.Arinas 10 ~Ismael Arinas, English for Professional and Academic Communication, "How Vague Can Your Patent Be? Vagueness Strategies in U.S. Patents," 2010, http://oa.upm.es/22372/1/INVE_MEM_2012_152221.pdf~~/ lm They violate – their doc and speech didn't have any definition.Now negate –1~ Semantics first – they outweigh because they're the only stable starting point for the round.Nebel 18 ~Jake Nebel is an assistant professor at University of Southern California, School of Philosophy. "The Meaning of the Resolution by Jake Nebel" Victory Briefs September/October 2018 LD Brief. Citing: "Reporters and Correspondents", https://www.bls.gov/oes/current/oes273022.htm ~ 2~ Shiftiness – aff can dodge neg links by utilizing this vagueness and frame the NC out of the debate.3~ Neg ground – I need the aff to define IP to have stable link ground for disads.4~ Topic ed – the definition of IP is absolutely integral to this topic, they need to have it.5~ Clash – if we don't have a clear definition of IP going in then we're just two ships passing in the night, kills clash.The voters are1~ Fairness b/c a) it' an intrinsic good b) it control the internal link to education c) debate is a game, if it's unfair no-one will want to play.2~ Education b/c a) portability, it's useful for the real world b) constitutive purpose, this is an educational activity.And it's drop-the-debater, k2 deterring further abuse and substance is skewed b/c I had to spend time on theory.No RVI a) logic, you don't win for being fair, b) debaters will act abusively on purpose to bait out theory and dump on the RVI.Competing interpretations, a) reasonability is bad it requires judge intervention and b) arguing about the norms is the only way to get to the best norms possible.Aff can't give a definition in the 1ar – A~ strat skew, moots 7 minutes of the NC, B~ Shiftiness, it lets the 1ar change definitions in the round unpredictably, C~ time skew, that puts aff a minute ahead on the new definition. | 1/12/22 |
3--CP abolish prison laborTournament: Alta | Round: 5 | Opponent: Marlborough SG | Judge: Talia Traskos-Hart CP – abolish forced prison labor by creating an abolition amendment to the constitution which would eliminate the criminal exemption in the 13th amendment.Foner 20 ~Eric Foner, Mr. Foner is the author of "The Second Founding: How the Civil War and Reconstruction Remade the Constitution.". ericfoner.com Description Eric Foner is an American historian. He writes extensively on American political history, the history of freedom, the early history of the Republican Party, African-American biography, Reconstruction, and historiography, and has been a member of the faculty at the Columbia University Department of History, New York Times, "We are not done with abolition," December 15th, 2020, https://www.nytimes.com/2020/12/15/opinion/abolition-prison-labor-amendement.html~~/ lm Its competitive, if there is no prison labor there is no ability to strikePresumption flows negative a~ there are infinite ways that the aff can be wrong but only 1 way it can be right b~ they have the burden of proof—if they haven't met their obligation then you can vote neg immediately | 1/12/22 |
3--CP healthcare workersTournament: Scarsdale | Round: 3 | Opponent: Southlake carroll AR | Judge: Yan Gao Contention oneHealthcare strikes cause millions of deaths from a lack of treatment in developing countries – poor people have no alternatives to public doctorsAacharya and Varghese 16 ~Ramesh P Aacharya, Department of Emergency and General Practice, Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital, Institute of Medicine, and Sibichan Varghese, Department of Higher Secondary Education, Omanoor P.O. Malappuram, 2016, "Medical Doctors' Strike: An Ethical Overview with Reference to the Indian Context," Journal of Clinical Research and Bioethics, https://www.longdom.org/open-access/medical-doctors-strike-an-ethical-overview-with-reference-to-the-indiancontext-2155-9627-1000272.pdf~~/Kankee Pandemics cause extinction, because of new biotechnologyMillet and Snyder-Beattie 17 Piers Millett and Andrew Snyder-Beattie, Health Security Volume 15, Number 4, 2017, https://www.liebertpub.com/doi/pdfplus/10.1089/hs.2017.0028 | 1/12/22 |
3--DA innovationTournament: Scarsdale | Round: 3 | Opponent: Southlake carroll AR | Judge: Yan Gao Contention twoGlobal tech innovation high now.Mercury News et al 6/4 ~Mercury News and East Bay Times Editorial Boards, June 4, 2021, "Editorial: How America can Win the Global Tech War" https://www.mercurynews.com/2021/06/04/editorial-why-silicon-valley-needs-endless-frontier-bill/ gord0~ Violent strike efforts are increasing – they slow innovation, specifically in the tech sector.Hanasoge 16 ~Chaithra; Senior Research Analyst, Market Researcher, Consumer Insights, Strategy Consulting; "The Union Strikes: The Good, the Bad and the Ugly," Supply Wisdom; April/June 2016 (Doesn't specifically say but this is the most recent event is cites); https://www.supplywisdom.com/resources/the-union-strikes-the-good-the-bad-and-the-ugly/~~//SJWen Victories like the aff mobilizes unions in the IT sector.Vynck et al 21 ~Gerrit De; Carleton University, BA in Journalism and Global Politics, tech reporter for The Washington Post. He writes about Google and the algorithms that increasingly shape society. He previously covered tech for seven years at Bloomberg News; Nitashu Tiku; Columbia University, BA in English, New York University, MA in Journalism, Washington Post's tech culture reporter based in San Francisco; Macalester College, BA in English, Columbia University, MS in Journalism, reporter for The Washington Post who is focused on technology coverage in the Pacific Northwest; "Six things to know about the latest efforts to bring unions to Big Tech," The Washington Post; https://www.washingtonpost.com/technology/2021/01/26/tech-unions-explainer/~~//SJWen Technological innovation solves every existential threat – which outweighs.Matthews 18 Dylan. Co-founder of Vox, citing Nick Beckstead @ Rutgers University. 10-26-2018. "How to help people millions of years from now." Vox. https://www.vox.com/future-perfect/2018/10/26/18023366/far-future-effective-altruism-existential-risk-doing-good | 1/12/22 |
3--K cap v3Tournament: Scarsdale | Round: 1 | Opponent: Lexington AR | Judge: Eugene Toth 1Capitalism alienates the worker from access to and choice of their labor and what their labor produces. In doing so, it eliminates the possibility of a human subjectivity based in self determination.Wartenberg 82 ""Species-Being" and "Human Nature" in Marx" by Thomas E. Wartenberg Human Studies, Vol. 5, No. 2 (Apr. - Jun., 1982) p. 86-88 LHP AM Such alienation makes ethical decision making impossible; access to choice is a prerequisite to being able to will and take action on ethical decisions. Thus, the standard is resisting second order alienation.Jaeggi 14' The aff's positioning of strikes within a framework of state sanctioned rights law is not radical but in fact is used to contain status quo revolutionary movements to simple reformismMarc Crépon and Micol Bez 19; Marc Crépon is a French philosopher and academic who writes on the subject of languages and communities in the French and German philosophies and contemporary political and moral philosophy. Micol Bez @ CPES (Cycle Pluridisciplinaire d'Études Supérieures) at the University of Paris Sciences and Letters. The Right to Strike and Legal War in Walter Benjamin's "Toward the Critique of Violence". Critical Times 1 August 2019; 2 (2): 252–260. https://read.dukeupress.edu/critical-times/article/2/2/252/141479/The-Right-to-Strike-and-Legal-War-in-Walter brett History proves an effective right to strike is impossible in liberal capitalist society – courts will water it down and workers will be replaced – but its justification relies on the same tropes of property protection that will be used to delegitimize worker militancy.White '18 Capitalist imperialism enables hypermilitarization, dooms world economic prosperity to inevitable collapse, and plunges the human species into extinction.Robinson et al 17 (Robinson, William I., et al. "Global Capitalist Crisis and Trump's War Drive." Truthout, Truthout, 19 Apr. 2017, truthout.org/articles/global-capitalist-crisis-and-trump-s-war-drive/.)LK ~RCT~ ~Accessed 8/28/19~ The alternative is a dual power approach to communist strategy. We must build independent communist institutions capable of surviving and defending themselves against the capitalist world. Not only does the alt solve for material violence in the transition period, it also eliminates the material and ideological dependences on capital that prevent revolution.Escalante 19 ~Alyson Escalante is a Marxist-Leninist, Materialist Feminist and Anti-Imperialist activist. "Communism and Climate Change: A Dual Power Approach" in Regeneration. March 26, 2019. https://regenerationmag.org/communism-and-climate-change-a-dual-power-approach/~~ KZaidi LK ~RCT 12/10/19~ | 1/12/22 |
3--K cap v4Tournament: Alta | Round: 1 | Opponent: DTHS SS | Judge: Ausha Curry 2History proves an effective right to strike is impossible in liberal capitalist society – courts will water it down and workers will be replaced – but its justification relies on the same tropes of property protection that will be used to delegitimize worker militancy.White '18 Capitalism is entering a crisis of overaccumulation: economic stagnation driven by inequality and low consumption is inevitable under capitalism and causes military expansion that culminates in global nuclear war with Russia or China - extinction.Robinson 21 ~Robinson, William I., prof. sociology and global studies @ UCSB: "What are the real reasons behind the New Cold War?" ROAR Magazine, published 5-6-21, https://roarmag.org/essays/new-cold-war-crisis-capitalism/?fbclid=IwAR2RzXn0SMlPSiLfXcXNtTcDIybQa6GxH_eodUmyEww2i59lh5qHpZpcwhk~~//AD LK ~RCT 11/30/2021~ Nuke war causes extinction AND outweighs other existential risksPND 16. internally citing Zbigniew Brzezinski, Council of Foreign Relations and former national security adviser to President Carter, Toon and Robock's 2012 study on nuclear winter in the Bulletin of Atomic Scientists, Gareth Evans' International Commission on Nuclear Non-proliferation and Disarmament Report, Congressional EMP studies, studies on nuclear winter by Seth Baum of the Global Catastrophic Risk Institute and Martin Hellman of Stanford University, and U.S. and Russian former Defense Secretaries and former heads of nuclear missile forces, brief submitted to the United Nations General Assembly, Open-Ended Working Group on nuclear risks. A/AC.286/NGO/13. 05-03-2016. http://www.reachingcriticalwill.org/images/documents/Disarmament-fora/OEWG/2016/Documents/NGO13.pdf Re-cut by Elmer The alternative is a dual power approach to communist strategy. We must build independent communist institutions capable of surviving and defending themselves against the capitalist world. Not only does the alt solve for material violence in the transition period, it also eliminates the material and ideological dependences on capital that prevent revolution.Escalante 19 ~Alyson Escalante is a Marxist-Leninist, Materialist Feminist and Anti-Imperialist activist. "Communism and Climate Change: A Dual Power Approach" in Regeneration. March 26, 2019. https://regenerationmag.org/communism-and-climate-change-a-dual-power-approach/~~ KZaidi LK ~RCT 12/10/19~ | 1/12/22 |
3--K cap v5Tournament: Alta | Round: 3 | Opponent: Marlborough SL | Judge: Justin Fang 2History proves an effective right to strike is impossible in liberal capitalist society – courts will water it down and workers will be replaced – but its justification relies on the same tropes of property protection that will be used to delegitimize worker militancy.White '18 Capitalist imperialism enables hypermilitarization, dooms world economic prosperity to inevitable collapse, and plunges the human species into extinction.Robinson et al 17 (Robinson, William I., et al. "Global Capitalist Crisis and Trump's War Drive." Truthout, Truthout, 19 Apr. 2017, truthout.org/articles/global-capitalist-crisis-and-trump-s-war-drive/.)LK ~RCT~ ~Accessed 8/28/19~ The alternative is a dual power approach to communist strategy. We must build independent communist institutions capable of surviving and defending themselves against the capitalist world. Not only does the alt solve for material violence in the transition period, it also eliminates the material and ideological dependences on capital that prevent revolution.Escalante 19 ~Alyson Escalante is a Marxist-Leninist, Materialist Feminist and Anti-Imperialist activist. "Communism and Climate Change: A Dual Power Approach" in Regeneration. March 26, 2019. https://regenerationmag.org/communism-and-climate-change-a-dual-power-approach/~~ KZaidi LK ~RCT 12/10/19~ The Role of the Judge is to be a propagandist. Studies prove debate is inevitably implicated in the context of propaganda – voting neg aligns with a model predicated on communist base-building.Greene and Hicks '6 | 1/12/22 |
3--K cap v6Tournament: Dowling Catholic | Round: 1 | Opponent: Millard South BJ | Judge: West, Roberto 1History proves an effective right to strike is impossible in liberal capitalist society – courts will water it down and workers will be replaced – but its justification relies on the same tropes of property protection that will be used to delegitimize worker militancy.White '18 Capitalism is entering a crisis of overaccumulation: economic stagnation driven by inequality and low consumption is inevitable under capitalism and causes military expansion that culminates in global nuclear war with Russia or China - extinction.Robinson 21 ~Robinson, William I., prof. sociology and global studies @ UCSB: "What are the real reasons behind the New Cold War?" ROAR Magazine, published 5-6-21, https://roarmag.org/essays/new-cold-war-crisis-capitalism/?fbclid=IwAR2RzXn0SMlPSiLfXcXNtTcDIybQa6GxH_eodUmyEww2i59lh5qHpZpcwhk~~//AD LK ~RCT 11/30/2021~ The alternative is a dual power approach to communist strategy. We must build independent communist institutions capable of surviving and defending themselves against the capitalist world. Not only does the alt solve for material violence in the transition period, it also eliminates the material and ideological dependences on capital that prevent revolution.Escalante 19 ~Alyson Escalante is a Marxist-Leninist, Materialist Feminist and Anti-Imperialist activist. "Communism and Climate Change: A Dual Power Approach" in Regeneration. March 26, 2019. https://regenerationmag.org/communism-and-climate-change-a-dual-power-approach/~~ KZaidi LK ~RCT 12/10/19~ The Role of the Judge is to be a propagandist. Studies prove debate is inevitably implicated in the context of propaganda – voting neg aligns with a model predicated on communist base-building.Greene and Hicks '6 Educational spaces should be about political orientations. Any other knowledge is depoliticizing and precludes revolution. We must teach the students to overcome bourgeois consciousness—Divorce learning from its applicability into economic productivity and criticize the aff's starting point.Starr 79 (John Bryan, John Bryan Starr has written extensively on China, including Ideology and Culture and Continuing the Revolution. He has taught at the Universities of Yale, California and Dartmouth and was president of both the Yale China Association and the China Institute. | Continuing the Revolution: The Political Thought of Mao, Published 1979.)tbrooks LK ~RCT 12/17/19~ | 1/12/22 |
3--K cap v7Tournament: Dowling Catholic | Round: 3 | Opponent: West Des Moines Valley JS | Judge: Larson, Sam 1The aff cedes power to liberal trade unionism – that's just capitalism light.Internationalist Perspective IP '16, is a left-communist publication defending Marxism as a living theory and critiquing left-communist theory, "Trade unions: pillars of capitalism - Internationalist Perspective", LibCom, 1/5/16, https://libcom.org/library/trade-unions-pillars-capitalism-internationalist-perspective** History proves an effective right to strike is impossible in liberal capitalist society – courts will water it down and workers will be replaced – but its justification relies on the same tropes of property protection that will be used to delegitimize worker militancy.White '18 Capitalism is entering a crisis of overaccumulation: economic stagnation driven by inequality and low consumption is inevitable under capitalism and causes military expansion that culminates in global nuclear war with Russia or China - extinction.Robinson 21 ~Robinson, William I., prof. sociology and global studies @ UCSB: "What are the real reasons behind the New Cold War?" ROAR Magazine, published 5-6-21, https://roarmag.org/essays/new-cold-war-crisis-capitalism/?fbclid=IwAR2RzXn0SMlPSiLfXcXNtTcDIybQa6GxH_eodUmyEww2i59lh5qHpZpcwhk~~//AD LK ~RCT 11/30/2021~ The alternative is a dual power approach to communist strategy. We must build independent communist institutions capable of surviving and defending themselves against the capitalist world. Not only does the alt solve for material violence in the transition period, it also eliminates the material and ideological dependences on capital that prevent revolution.Escalante 19 ~Alyson Escalante is a Marxist-Leninist, Materialist Feminist and Anti-Imperialist activist. "Communism and Climate Change: A Dual Power Approach" in Regeneration. March 26, 2019. https://regenerationmag.org/communism-and-climate-change-a-dual-power-approach/~~ KZaidi LK ~RCT 12/10/19~ | 1/12/22 |
3--T prison workersTournament: Alta | Round: 3 | Opponent: Marlborough SL | Judge: Justin Fang 1Interp: The aff must defend a workers strike, with a legitimate worker.A worker is an individual who works under contract.Davidov 05 ~Guy Davidov (full professor and the Elias Lieberman Chair in Labour Law, published dozens of articles in peer-review journals, including in the Oxford Journal of Legal Studies, Modern Law Review, the University of Toronto Law Journal, Law and Social Inquiry, Industrial Law Journal, and the Comparative Labour Law and Policy Journal, founding Chair of the Labour Law Research Network (LLRN), from 2011 through 2015. He has also been the Editor-in-Chief of the International Journal of Comparative Labour Law and Industrial Relations). "Who is a Worker?". Industrial Law Journal, Volume 34, Issue 1, March 2005, Pages 57–71. Accessed 11/6/21. https://academic.oup.com/ilj/article-abstract/34/1/57/821218 Xu~ Prison labor is coerced.Benns 15 ~Whitney Benns (lecturer on education at the Harvard Graduate School of Education where she teaches the negotiation workshop and fugitive negotiation). "American Slavery, Reinvented". SEPTEMBER 21, 2015. Accessed 11/6/21. https://www.theatlantic.com/business/archive/2015/09/prison-labor-in-america/406177/ Xu~ Standards:1~ Precision – any other interp lets affs do away with random words in the res a~ that means no solid neg ground b~ The judge doesn't have the jurisdiction to vote on non-topical ground.2~ Limits – not being tied to defend workers means aff can spec any combo of 7 billion ppl on the earth from CEOs to volunteers, which kills neg ground and excaterbates aff prep skew, and kills predictable advocacies.Paradigm Issues:1~ Fairness debate is a game, if it's unfair no-one will want to play.2~ Education a) portability, it's useful for the real world b) constitutive purpose, this is an educational activity.And it's drop-the-debater, k2 deterring further abuse, and the argument is their caseTVA solve – read the aff as a whole res aff with the same advantage area.No RVI on T, you don't win for being topical or fair, and incentives being non-topical to bait T and win off RVI every rnd.Competing interps, a) reasonability is bad it requires judge intervention and b) arguing about the norms is the only way to get to the best norms possible.T before theory a~ I only get 2 months to set norms they get 4 years b~ any NC abuse was a necessary check against AC abuse | 1/12/22 |
3--T unconditionalTournament: Alta | Round: 5 | Opponent: Marlborough SG | Judge: Talia Traskos-Hart 1Interpretation: The affirmative must defend an unconditional right to strike. This means that the Affirmative must defend that anyone regardless of job, their citizenship, or type of strike must be allowed to strike.Merriam Webster ND, https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/unconditional sid UnconditionalUS Legal. Unconditional Law and Legal Definition. https://definitions.uslegal.com/u/unconditional/ Violation: they specify incarcerated workersThe resolution specifies that the right to strike must be unconditional—this means it cannot have any exceptionsMagnell 11 ~Thomas Magnell, Quals: Philosopher, Department of Philosophy, Drew University, Madison, NJ, The Correlativity of Rights and Duties, J Value Inquiry (2011) 45:1–12~BA PB Standards –a~ Limits – there are endless conditions the aff can place on the right to strike – i.e based on occupation, national holidays, location of strike, etc. That makes the topic untenable since the Aff can just infinitely specify any conditionb~ Neg Ground – all of our ground is predicated on the debate between unconditional and conditional—conditional includes the sqou, that means the neg has no ground at all4~ TVA – read it whole res5~ Paradigm Issues –Education is a voter it's the only takeaway from debate Fairness is a voter since a~ debate is a game if its unfair people wont playTopicality is Drop the Debater – the argument is their case ie the debate cant start if you drop the argument b~ set better norms for debateCompeting interps – ~a~ reasonability is arbitrary ~b~ it creates a race to the top where we create the best possible normsNo RVIs – a~ illogical, you don't win for proving that you meet the burden of being fair b~ RVIs incentivize baiting theory and prepping it out which leads to maximally abusive practicesT before theory a~ I have 2 months to set my norm, you have 4 years b~ any NC abuse was necessary because of 1AC abuse2History proves an effective right to strike is impossible in liberal capitalist society – courts will water it down and workers will be replaced – but its justification relies on the same tropes of property protection that will be used to delegitimize worker militancy.White '18 Capitalist imperialism enables hypermilitarization, dooms world economic prosperity to inevitable collapse, and plunges the human species into extinction.Robinson et al 17 (Robinson, William I., et al. "Global Capitalist Crisis and Trump's War Drive." Truthout, Truthout, 19 Apr. 2017, truthout.org/articles/global-capitalist-crisis-and-trump-s-war-drive/.)LK ~RCT~ ~Accessed 8/28/19~ The alternative is a dual power approach to communist strategy. We must build independent communist institutions capable of surviving and defending themselves against the capitalist world. Not only does the alt solve for material violence in the transition period, it also eliminates the material and ideological dependences on capital that prevent revolution.Escalante 19 ~Alyson Escalante is a Marxist-Leninist, Materialist Feminist and Anti-Imperialist activist. "Communism and Climate Change: A Dual Power Approach" in Regeneration. March 26, 2019. https://regenerationmag.org/communism-and-climate-change-a-dual-power-approach/~~ KZaidi LK ~RCT 12/10/19~ The Role of the Judge is to be a propagandist. Studies prove debate is inevitably implicated in the context of propaganda – voting neg aligns with a model predicated on communist base-building.Greene and Hicks '6 | 1/12/22 |
3--T-spec strikeTournament: Dowling Catholic | Round: 3 | Opponent: West Des Moines Valley JS | Judge: Larson, Sam 3Interpretation: The affirmative debater must specify the type of strikes they defend in a delineated text in the 1AC.Violation: they didn'tStandards –1~ Topic lit – strikes are the core question of the topic and there's no consensus on normal means so you must spec.Law Library ====A~ This acts as a resolvability standard. Debate must make sense and be comparable for the judge to decide which means it's an independent voter and outweighs B~ cap supercharges this because of the difference between violent revolution and strikes==== 2~ Shiftyness – absent specing what type of strikes they can always redfine the types of strikes they defend in the 1ar to delink DAs or CPs a) no solid neg ground, they just delink – b) no clash, they don't have to engageFairness is a voter, debate is a game if its unfair people wont playDTD, it sets norms, and the argument is their affCompeting interps—reasonability requires judge interventionNo RVI's, they can brute force win the shell which justifies infinite abuse. | 1/12/22 |
3--T-unjust USTournament: Alta | Round: 1 | Opponent: DTHS SS | Judge: Ausha Curry 1Interpretation: the affirmative must defend that only just governments ought to recognize the right to strikeTwo violations –1~ Just governments respect libertiesDorn 12 James A. Dorn, Cato Journal, "The Scope of Government in a Free Society", Fall 2012, https://www.cato.org/sites/cato.org/files/serials/files/cato-journal/2012/12/v32n3-10.pdf Violation—the US and specifically courts are not just.Nellis, Ph.D., 18, Report to the United Nations on Racial Disparities in the U.S. Criminal Justice System, https://www.sentencingproject.org/publications/un-report-on-racial-disparities/, Sentencing Project, 2~ "A" is an indefinite article that modifies "just government" in the res – means that you have to prove the resolution true in a vacuum, not a particular instanceCCC ("Articles, Determiners, and Quantifiers", http://grammar.ccc.commnet.edu/grammar/determiners/determiners.htm~~#articles, Capital Community College Foundation, a nonprofit 501 c-3 organization that supports scholarships, faculty development, and curriculum innovation) LHSLA JC/SJ This applies to the res – 1~ Upward entailment test – "Nicaragua ought to recognize the right to strike" doesn't entail "just governments ought to recognize the right to strike" because there are just governments other than us 2~ Adverb test – adverb test – adding "always" doesn't change its meaning because recognition is unconditional.Standards:1~ Precision – any other interp lets affs do away with random words in the res a~ that means no solid neg ground b~ The judge doesn't have the jurisdiction to vote on non-topical ground.2~ Limits – there are hundreds of governments that could be specified – explodes limits since there are tons of independent affs which excaterbates aff's infinite prep advantage and causes ground and strat skew.3~ Scholarship – calling oppressive governments like US and ignoring the HR violations normalizes and justifies racism which is an independent voter since it makes debate unsafe.4~ Phil ed – 1AR will claim no government is just but that just means that we defend ideal theory. That's good –A~ forces philosophical contestation which can uniquely happen in LD debate whereas you can util debate on any topicB~ outweighs – framework debate allows to identify injustice which is a prereq to any other theory voter because they're all philosophically groundedTVA – read the aff as a whole res aff, same advantage areaThe voters are1~ Fairness b/c a) it' an intrinsic good b) it control the internal link to education c) debate is a game, if it's unfair no-one will want to play.2~ Education b/c a) portability, it's useful for the real world b) constitutive purpose, this is an educational activity.And it's drop-the-debater, k2 deterring further abuse, and I can't engage with the debate if they're untopical.No RVI on T, you don't win for being topical or fair, and incentives being non-topical to bait T and win off RVI every rnd.Competing interpretations, a) reasonability is bad it requires judge intervention and b) arguing about the norms is the only way to get to the best norms possible.T before theory a~ I only get 2 months to set norms they get 4 years b~ any NC abuse was a necessary check against AC abuse | 1/12/22 |
4--CP PMDTournament: UPenn | Round: Doubles | Opponent: Mercer Island KS | Judge: panel 3Text: Space fairing nations ought to enforce PostMission Disposal.Their uniqueness ev agrees, also means thumpers still matter on case—all of their decay rule numbers are predicated on safe space developmentLiou et al. 18 ~Dr. J.-C. Liou is the NASA Chief Scientist for Orbital Debris; Matney M., NASA Johnson Space Center; Vavrin A., GeoControl Systems – Jacobs JETS Contract; Manis A., HX5 – Jacobs JETS Contract, NASA Johnson Space Center; Gates D., Jacobs Technology, NASA Johnson Space Center, Orbital Debris Quarterly News, 2018; "NASA ODPO's Large Constellation Study," https://www.orbitaldebris.jsc.nasa.gov/quarterly-news/pdfs/odqnv22i3.pdf~~ brett rcln Solves all of case—it will maintain sqou debris even with constellationsThe net benefit is all of the satellite offense on case—the 1AC removes these sats, but the neg solves for Kessler while keeping the sats in LEO | 2/18/22 |
4--CP asteroid deflectionTournament: Lexington | Round: 5 | Opponent: Lake Highland Prep SV | Judge: Brown, Scott 3Counterplan: TESA as a counterplan, their aff is super extra t, if they just defend the rez they cant defend asteroid deflection etcKrerkonian 3Kerkonian, Aram Daniel. "The Possible Regulation of Certain Space Activities through an International Orgnaization: Tutmonda Spaco Agentejo." ZLW 67 (2018): 279. | 1/16/22 |
4--CP disarmTournament: Millard North | Round: 3 | Opponent: Lincoln North Star CB | Judge: Moen, Madelyn 4CP Text: States ought to eliminate nuclear arsenals.It results in a zero-treaty—solves prolif, rearm, and process concerns.Koplow 14 | 2/19/22 |
4--CP megaconstellationsTournament: Kansas City | Round: Quarters | Opponent: Appleton North MU | Judge: panel 2—CPCounterplan: Space faring nations should establish a multilateral agreement banning megaconstellations.Megaconstellations make management impossibleBoley/Byers, 5/20/2021 – University of British Columbia Professors Starlink is responsible for HALF of all dangerous space near-collisions – full megaconstellation can make collisions ten times more likely and debris avoidance software doesn't checkPultarova, 8/18/2021 – journalist, quoting Europe's leading space debris expert The net benefit is commercial mining that solves extinction from scarcity, climate, terror, war, and disease.Pelton 17—(Director Emeritus of the Space and Advanced Communications Research Institute at George Washington University, PHD in IR from Georgetown).. Pelton, Joseph N. 2017. The New Gold Rush: The Riches of Space Beckon! Springer. Accessed 8/30/19. | 1/30/22 |
4--CP redistributionTournament: Kansas City | Round: 5 | Opponent: Midtown FB | Judge: Samuel, Macharia 3CP Text: All private entities must give a substantial proportion of any assets appropriated in outer space toward redistribution efforts.The ASTEROIDS act has put us on a timer, only the counterplans distribution of wealth stops corporations and nations from universalizing laissez-faire. | 1/30/22 |
4--CP redistribution v2Tournament: UPenn | Round: 1 | Opponent: CR North NS | Judge: Talmadge, Jaylin 3CP Text: All private entities must give a substantial proportion of any assets appropriated in outer space toward redistribution effortsThe ASTEROIDS act has put us on a timer, only the counterplans distribution of wealth stops corporations and nations from universalizing laissez-faire. A focus on a usage of space is gives us the opportunity to tackle things like hunger, poverty, and water contamination—this is a net benefit the 1AC cant solveSiegel '17 Ethan Siegel, theoretical astrophysicist and science writer, who studies Big Bang theory. In the past he has been a professor at Lewis and Clark College, "Why Exploring Space And Investing In Research Is Non-Negotiable" Starts with a Bang Blog, Forbes.com | 2/12/22 |
4--DA innovationTournament: Lexington | Round: 4 | Opponent: North Allegheny RR | Judge: Choi, Jeong-Wan 2Strong commercial space catalyzes tech innovation – progress at the margins and spinoff tech change global information networksJoshua Hampson 2017, Security Studies Fellow at the Niskanen Center, 1-25-2017, "The Future of Space Commercialization", Niskanen Center, https://republicans-science.house.gov/sites/republicans.science.house.gov/files/documents/TheFutureofSpaceCommercializationFinal.pdf Tech innovation solves every existential threat – cumulative extinction events outweigh the affDylan Matthews 18. Co-founder of Vox, citing Nick Beckstead @ Rutgers University. 10-26-2018. "How to help people millions of years from now." Vox. https://www.vox.com/future-perfect/2018/10/26/18023366/far-future-effective-altruism-existential-risk-doing-good | 2/18/22 |
4--DA miningTournament: Millard North | Round: 2 | Opponent: Millard South PN | Judge: Moore, Jacob 2Commercial asteroid mining is coming now – lower costs and improving tech make it economically viable – and the legal basis is already in place in multiple countries– that helps acquire water for rocket fuel and rare earth metalsGilbert 21 alex gilbert, is a complex systems researcher and a PhD student in space resources at the Colorado School of Mines. "Mining in Space Is Coming." Milken Institute Review, April 26, 2021, www.milkenreview.org/articles/mining-in-space-is-coming. ~Quality Control~ However, the legal framework that strikes the best balance of providing economic incentives for mining while preventing unbeneficial land claims requires a doctrine of appropriation – the plan prevents thatMeyers 15 Meyers, Ross. J.D. candidate at the University of Oregon Law School. "The doctrine of appropriation and asteroid mining: incentivizing the private exploration and development of outer space." Or. Rev. Int'l L. 17 (2015): 183. Italics in original. ~Quality Control~ Squo private companies are willing to invest, but the plan crosses a perception barrier which destroys investmentShaw 13 - Lauren E, J.D. from Chapman University School of Law, "Asteroids, the New Western Frontier: Applying Principles of the General Mining Law of 1872 to Incentive Asteroid Mining", JOURNAL OF AIR LAW AND COMMERCE, Volume 78, Issue 1, Article 2, https://scholar.smu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1307andcontext=jalc recut MNHS NL Space mining is the only way to solve climate changeDuran 21, (Paloma Duran is a journalist and industry analyst at Mexico Business News, "Is Space Mining the Best Option to Face Climate Change?"), 11-03-21, Mexico Business News, https://mexicobusiness.news/mining/news/space-mining-best-option-face-climate-change MNHS NL Climate change means extinction – key tipping points are SOONAhmed 19 (Ahmed, Nafeez. "'High Likelihood of Human Civilization Coming to an End' in 2050, New Report Suggests." VICE, 3 June 2019, https://www.vice.com/en/article/597kpd/new-report-suggests-high-likelihood-of-human-civilization-coming-to-an-end-in-2050. ~Nafeez Mosaddeq Ahmed is a British investigative journalist, author and academic. He is editor of the crowdfunded investigative journalism platform INSURGE intelligence. He is a former environment blogger for The Guardian from March 2013 to July 2014.~)LK ~Accessed 11/30/21~ | 2/19/22 |
4--DA mining v2Tournament: Millard North | Round: 3 | Opponent: Lincoln North Star CB | Judge: Moen, Madelyn 2Commercial asteroid mining is coming now – lower costs and improving tech make it economically viable – and the legal basis is already in place in multiple countries– that helps acquire water for rocket fuel and rare earth metalsGilbert 21 alex gilbert, is a complex systems researcher and a PhD student in space resources at the Colorado School of Mines. "Mining in Space Is Coming." Milken Institute Review, April 26, 2021, www.milkenreview.org/articles/mining-in-space-is-coming. ~Quality Control~ However, the legal framework that strikes the best balance of providing economic incentives for mining while preventing unbeneficial land claims requires a doctrine of appropriation – the plan prevents thatMeyers 15 Meyers, Ross. J.D. candidate at the University of Oregon Law School. "The doctrine of appropriation and asteroid mining: incentivizing the private exploration and development of outer space." Or. Rev. Int'l L. 17 (2015): 183. Italics in original. ~Quality Control~ Space mining is the only way to solve climate changeDuran 21, (Paloma Duran is a journalist and industry analyst at Mexico Business News, "Is Space Mining the Best Option to Face Climate Change?"), 11-03-21, Mexico Business News, https://mexicobusiness.news/mining/news/space-mining-best-option-face-climate-change MNHS NL Extinction – key tipping points are SOONAhmed 19 (Ahmed, Nafeez. "'High Likelihood of Human Civilization Coming to an End' in 2050, New Report Suggests." VICE, 3 June 2019, https://www.vice.com/en/article/597kpd/new-report-suggests-high-likelihood-of-human-civilization-coming-to-an-end-in-2050. ~Nafeez Mosaddeq Ahmed is a British investigative journalist, author and academic. He is editor of the crowdfunded investigative journalism platform INSURGE intelligence. He is a former environment blogger for The Guardian from March 2013 to July 2014.~)LK ~Accessed 11/30/21~ | 2/19/22 |
4--DA off the rockTournament: Lexington | Round: 5 | Opponent: Lake Highland Prep SV | Judge: Brown, Scott 2NASA's stuck in low orbit but the space race lets it extend further. Julie 12-91st Warrant: The international Space Station is sucking up a ton of NASA's resources right now, it's broken down and defunct and NASA is spending too much time on it We need to get off the rock – diversification ensures isolated populations prevent extinction and bolsters tech that mitigates existential threats. Reuter 12-9Timothy Reuter (Head of Aerospace and Drones, World Economic Forum), 12-9-2021, "Why the human race must become a multiplanetary species," World Economic Forum, https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2021/12/humans-multiplanetary-species/, hzheng | 1/16/22 |
4--NC categorical Imperative v2Tournament: Kansas City | Round: 3 | Opponent: Midtown AS | Judge: Hernandez, Javier 3Practical reason constrains everything:~1~ Postulation – reason is a prior question to evaluation of ethics since anything else collapses, we can infinitely question our foundations~2~ Epistemology – rational deliberation of educational concepts is necessary to interpret other argumentFreedom follows:We could not hold agents responsible for their actions if assume them to have the freedom to control their actions.Moral law follows – it stems from reason a) morality based on desires would be imposed on us from the outside and we could not be free b) anything else is non-binding and arbitrary since empiricism is always subject to changeThus, the standard is consistency with the categorical imperative.Don't eval consequences—A~ Induction Fails – You only know induction works because past experiences have told you it has, but that is induction, so you use induction to prove induction – that's circularB~ Culpability – any consequence can lead to another consequence so it's impossible to assign obligations since you can't pinpoint an actor that causes a consequenceC~ you cant aggregate since everyone has different feelings of pleasure and pain.Now negate-Freedom mandates a market-oriented approach to space—that negatesBroker 20 ~(Tyler, work has been published in the Gonzaga Law Review, the Albany Law Review and the University of Memphis Law Review.) "Space Law Can Only Be Libertarian Minded," Above the Law, 1-14-20, https://abovethelaw.com/2020/01/space-law-can-only-be-libertarian-minded/~~ TDI Injustice requires someone wronged, but initial acquisition doesn't violate any entity's right to set an end– therefore, private appropriation of outer space cannot be unjust, Feser 05:Edward Feser, ~Associate Professor of Philosophy at Pasadena City College~ "THERE IS NO SUCH THING AS AN UNJUST INITIAL ACQUISITION," 2005 LHP AV | 1/29/22 |
4--NC categorical imperative v1Tournament: Lexington | Round: 1 | Opponent: san mateo YR | Judge: Kim, Thomas 2The value is consistency with practical reason.~1~ Regress – we can always ask why we should follow a theory, because we don't have a starting point. Practical reason solves – When we ask why we should follow reason, we demand a reason, which concedes to the authority of reason itself, so we have a starting point~2~ Action Theory – every action can be broken down to infinite amounts of movements, only reason can unify these movements because we use it to achieve our goals, means all actions collapse to reason.~3~ Use apriori knowledge~A~ Representations of space – we can only access our experiences if we can interpret the space around us, but that requires the a priori. Thinking of the absence of space is impossible – we can think of empty space but never the lack of space itself. Imagining space through a priori thoughts is the only way we can even begin to have a conception of experience.~B~ Uncertainty – every person has different experiences so we can't have a unified perspective on what is good if we each have different conceptions of it – even if we can roughly aggregate it's not enough because there'll always be a case when it fails so the framework o/w on probability.~4~ Freedom follows~A~ We have a unified perspective – If I say that 2+24, I understand not only that I know that 2+2=4, but that everyone around can arrive at the same conclusion too because they create practical syllogisms to justify their conclusion. But, willing a maxim that violates the freedom of others is a contradiction. ==== ~B~ We could not hold agents responsible for their actions if assume them to have the freedom to control their actions.Thus, the value criterion is consistency with the categorical imperative.Impact calc –Consequences fail –A) Induction Fails – You only know induction works because past experiences have told you it has, but that is in itself a form of induction, so you use induction to prove induction – that's circularB) Butterfly Effect – Every action has an infinite number of consequences that stem from it – me picking up a pen could cause nuclear war in one hundred yearsC) Aggregation fails – everyone has different feelings of pain and pleasure which makes it impossible to measureD) Culpability – any consequence can lead to another consequence so it's impossible to assign obligations since you can't pinpoint an actor that causes a consequencePrefer additionally –1~ Yes act omission distinctionA~ infinite regress – holding agents accountable for failing to act means every agent is almost always morally wrong – there's an infinite amount of bad actions anyone could be preventing at any one timeB~ illogical – we intuitively don't hold Switzerland as culpable for WWII as Nazi Germany2~ Performativity—you participating in round requires that you are free to make your own argumentsOffenseInjustice requires someone wronged, but initial acquisition doesn't violate any entity's right to set an end– therefore, private appropriation of outer space cannot be unjust, Feser 05:Edward Feser, ~Associate Professor of Philosophy at Pasadena City College~ "THERE IS NO SUCH THING AS AN UNJUST INITIAL ACQUISITION," 2005 LHP AV Freedom mandates a market-oriented approach to space—that negatesBroker 20 ~(Tyler, work has been published in the Gonzaga Law Review, the Albany Law Review and the University of Memphis Law Review.) "Space Law Can Only Be Libertarian Minded," Above the Law, 1-14-20, https://abovethelaw.com/2020/01/space-law-can-only-be-libertarian-minded/~~ TDI | 1/29/22 |
4--T global commonsTournament: UPenn | Round: Doubles | Opponent: Mercer Island KS | Judge: panel 2Interp: Debaters must not defend a "Global Commons" as an advocacy.1AC goehring admits that a global common is partially privately owned—just because it must be partially publicly owned doesn't mean it cant be privately owned as well—limitsGoehring 6/3 - John S. Goehring ~B.A., University of California, Berkeley; J.D., Tulane Law School; LL.M., McGill University, Institute of Air and Space Law) is a space and international law attorney for the Department of Defense and a judge advocate in the United States Air Force Reserve~, "Why Isn't Outer Space a Global Commons?" Journal of National Security Law and Policy. Vol. 11:573. (June 3, 2021).https://jnslp.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/Why_Isnt_Outer_Space_a_Global_Commons_2.pdf AT Violation:Standards:Precision—anything else lets them arbitrarily redefine words in the rez which explodes limits, lets big teams create affs of the week which kills stable neg groundExtra t—TVA—use the advantage to prove the resolution is true—you can just say the world without appropriation is better.Voters:1~ Semantics come firstA~ We hijack fairness first – semantics determine stable ground for the res which means it's the most predictable, since it's the only stasis point of the rezB~ jurisdiction you can only vote on topical affsT before theory a~ they have 4 years to set their norm we have 2 months b~ any NC abuse was necessary to check 1AC abuse | 2/18/22 |
4--T implementation v2Tournament: Kansas City | Round: 3 | Opponent: Midtown AS | Judge: Hernandez, Javier 2Interp: Debaters must not defend implementation of the resolution.1~ the wording of the res isnt a question of the hypothetical implementation of the plan it's a descriptive claim of justice, which implies the burden of the aff is to defend the truth of the res in general which justifies our interpretation of debate.Webster ND Definition of IS," Merriam Webster, https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/is IS "BE" is a linking verb, not an action verb so implementation is incoherentGrammar Monster ND "Linking Verbs," Grammar Monster, https://www.grammar-monster.com/glossary/linking_verbs.htm CHO 2~ No actor means no actionViolation: They defend implementation cx checksStandards:Precision—anything else lets them arbitrarily redefine words in the rez which explodes limits, lets big teams create affs of the week which kills stable neg groundExtra t—they straight up are defending a policy action that is separate from the rez, explodes limits A~ they can go anywhere outside of the the rez—means we have to prep out literally everything B~ they can spike out CP's and DA's which kills neg ground—that's a voterTVA—use the advantage to prove the resolution is descriptively unjust, you don't need to implement to implicate the advantage as a reason to affirm.Voters:1~ Semantics come firstA~ We hijack fairness first – semantics determine stable ground for the res which means it's the most predictable, since it's the only stasis point of the rezB~ jurisdiction you can only vote on topical affs3~ T is DTD a~ the argument is the aff, means the debate cant start b~ DTD sets norms6~ T before theory a~ they have 4 years to set their norm we have 2 months b~ any NC abuse was necessary to check 1AC abuse | 1/29/22 |
4--T implimentation v1Tournament: Lexington | Round: 1 | Opponent: san mateo YR | Judge: Kim, Thomas 1Interp: Debaters must not defend implementation of the resolution.1~ Defend it as a general principle—defending any policy action violates NSDA rules—independent voter, you cant make the 1AR 20 minutes because it would be more funNSDA 21 ~2021-22 Lincoln-Douglas Ballot, https://www.speechanddebate.org/wp-content/uploads/Sample-Lincoln-Douglas-Debate-Ballot-Blank.pdf~~ 2~ the wording of the res isnt a question of the hypothetical implementation of the plan it's a descriptive claim of justice, which implies the burden of the aff is to defend the truth of the res in general which justifies our interpretation of debate.Webster ND Definition of IS," Merriam Webster, https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/is IS Dialectical present tense means logical coherence which implies no implementationYour Dictionary ND, , "Dialectical Meaning," No Publication, https://www.yourdictionary.com/dialectical Cho "BE" is a linking verb, not an action verb so implementation is incoherentGrammar Monster ND "Linking Verbs," Grammar Monster, https://www.grammar-monster.com/glossary/linking_verbs.htm CHO 3~ No actor means no action, they can't defend an action without someone to implement it, justifies them throwing on any actor, which explodes limits4~ passive voice cant prescribe actionDarwin 14, Emma. Writer. "What is passive voice, and why are you told to avoid it?". https://emmadarwin.typepad.com/thisitchofwriting/2014/09/what-is-passive-voice-and-why-might-it-be-a-bad-thing.html. 2 Sep 2014. Accessed 7 Mar 2019 TR Violation: They defend implementationStandards:1~ Extra-T—even if they defend the resolution anything will be plan—plus A~ lets them spike out DA's, K's, Counterplans etc which means no neg ground B~ that's infinite limits—we cant prep everything in existence so its obviously unfair2~ ground—you can still read larp without implementation but only if it proves the rez true as a statement—solves all your offenseVoters:1~ Phil Ed is a voter – it's the only type of education we get specifically from LD which outweighs on specifity and portability2~ Semantics come firstA~ Truth claims have lexical priority – it doesn't matter if something is more fair or educational if it's not the debate we're supposed to be havingB~ We hijack fairness first – semantics determine stable ground for the res which means it's the most predictable, since it's the only stasis point of the rezC~ Performativity – rejecting semantics requires using semantical speechD~ jurisdiction you can only vote on topical affs3~ Fairness first—debate is a game if its not fair people wont play4~ T is DTD a~ the argument is the aff b~ DTD sets norms5~ Competing interps a~ reasonability is arbitrary and requires judge intervention b~ competing interps is a race to the top C~ the brightline is being semantically topical—it's a yes/no question6~ no RVI a~ incentives theory baiting which is justified abuse b~ illogical—you don't get a cookie for being fair7~ T before theory a~ they have 4 years to set their norm we have 2 months b~ any NC abuse was necessary to check 1AC abuse | 1/29/22 |
4--T miningTournament: Kansas City | Round: Quarters | Opponent: Appleton North MU | Judge: panel 1-TInterp – Debaters must not defend a ban on space mining.Hofmann and Bergamasco 19 ~Mahulena Hofmann (SES Chair in Space, SatCom and Media Law at the University of Luxembourg) and Federico Bergamasco (PhD Researcher in aviation, telecommunication and space law University of Luxembourg). "Space resources activities from the perspective of sustainability: legal aspects". Global Sustainability. 9 December 2019. Accessed 12/18/21. https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/DF153F4A77970AC9E12444EC2B001F8A/S2059479819000279a.pdf/div-class-title-space-resources-activities-from-the-perspective-of-sustainability-legal-aspects-div.pdf Xu~ OST is the standard for space law.Wikipedia No Date ~Wikipedia. "Outer Space Treaty." No Date. Accessed 12/18/21. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outer_Space_Treaty Xu~ Violation: look at the plan text1~ Semantics o/w –a~ Precision – they can arbitrarily jettison words which decks ground and preparation because there is no stasis pointb~ Jurisdiction – the judge doesn't have the authority to vote aff if it wasn't legitimateVote for predictable limits – their aff explodes the object of the resolution to include random space activities from tourism to research to satellite surveillance – that allows them to cherry-pick the best aff with no neg ground – also kills predictable advocacies which decks prepared engagement.2~ Fairness first—debate is a game if its not fair people wont play3~ T is DTD a~ the argument is the aff b~ DTD sets norms4~ Competing interps a~ reasonability is arbitrary and requires judge intervention b~ competing interps is a race to the top C~ the brightline is being semantically topical—it's a yes/no question5~ no RVI a~ incentives theory baiting which is justified abuse b~ illogical—you don't get a cookie for being fair6~ T before theory a~ they have 4 years to set their norm we have 2 months b~ any NC abuse was necessary to check 1AC abuse | 1/30/22 |
4--T redistributionTournament: UPenn | Round: 1 | Opponent: CR North NS | Judge: Talmadge, Jaylin | 2/12/22 |
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