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Cites
Entry
Date
0 -- FW -- Truth Testing
Tournament: Silver and Black | Round: Octas | Opponent: Interlake DB | Judge: Asher Towner, Heaven Montague, Hannah Nunley The role of the ballot is to determine whether the resolution is a true or false statement 1 Anything else moots 7 minutes of the nc – their framing collapses since you must say it is true that a world is better than another before you adopt it. 2 Truth is a necessary part of any statement since any statement fundamentally asserts that some property is true. All statements devolve into some conception of truth-value since when you assert that your role of the ballot is true you concede to the validity of truth testing. Frege, Frege, Gottlob. “The Thought: A Logical Inquiry” in Logicism and the Philosophy of Language: Selections from Frege and Russell. Broadview Press. March 2003. Pg. 204. It may nevertheless property of truth. 3 Argument diversity – inclusion – all debates can happen since you can use any position to prove truth or falsity, whereas specific frameworks exclude certain arguments i.e. a deontic framework excludes consequences 4 Scalar methods like comparison increases intervention – the persuasion of certain DA or advantages sway decisions – T/F binary is descriptive and technical. Isomorphism 5 Text: Five dictionaries define to negate as to deny the truth of and affirm as to prove true which means the sole judge obligation is to vote on the resolution’s truth or falsity. This outweighs on common usage – it is abundantly clear that our roles are verified. Any other role of the ballot enforces an external norm on debate, but only truth testing is intrinsic to the process of debate i.e. proving statements true or false through argumentation. Constitutivism outweighs because you don’t have the jurisdiction not to truth test – if a chess player says you should break the rules for a more fun game, the proper response is to ignore them as a practice only makes sense based on its intrinsic rules. Jurisdiction is also an independent voter and a meta constraint on anything else since every argument you make concedes the authority of the judge fulfilling their jurisdiction to vote aff if they affirm better and neg the contrary – otherwise they could just hack against or for you which means it also controls the internal link to fairness since that’s definitionally unfair.
12/4/21
0 -- G -- Berlant K
Tournament: Silver and Black | Round: Octas | Opponent: Interlake DB | Judge: Asher Towner, Heaven Montague, Hannah Nunley Embedding hope for liberation to an object like a ballot enacts cruel optimism that the 1AC’s rhetoric sustains. Berlant 06 Lauren, professor of Literature at the University of Chicago. “Cruel Optimism” in Differences, 17.3. 2006. When we talk with her thought This turns the case, is an independent solvency takeout, and serves as a trauma DA—your frame posits revolutionary hope that debate and society might change but ultimately reinstitutes the same system that solidifies and naturalizes divisions within the world. Berlant 2 Lauren, professor of Literature at the University of Chicago. “Cruel Optimism” in Differences, 17.3. 2006. It is striking overwhelmingly present moment. The alternative is a rejection of the affirmative’s cluster of cruel promises in favor of moving away from the discourse of trauma. This is not to say that the affirmative’s advocacy is necessarily wrong, but rather discussions of affect must come first because they frame the produced reality. Negating allows us to understand a broad range of physical and aesthetic genres that pressure the subject’s sensorium, recognizing and moving away from the fantasy life reproduced with discourse of desire. Berlant 3, Lauren Gail. Cruel Optimism. Duke University Press, 2011. KJ The key here impact on us.
12/4/21
0 -- G -- Skep
Tournament: Silver and Black | Round: Octas | Opponent: Interlake DB | Judge: Asher Towner, Heaven Montague, Hannah Nunley Permissibility negates- Lack of obligation proves the resolution false- the res specifically says you have to prove an obligation, you cannot be obligated and lack an obligation simultaneously. Presume Neg- A We assume statements to be false until proven true. That is why we don’t believe in alternate realities or conspiracy theories. B Statements are more often false than true. If I say this pen is red, I can only prove it true one way where I can prove it false in an infinite amount of ways. Skepticism is true and it negates-
1 Moral Skep: Justice requires us to act immediately since waiting in the face of injustice is itself an injustice. However, we need to be fully informed to avoid formulating a rule incorrectly and unjustly, so obligations are internally contradictory. Derrida, But justice, however and conceptual becoming.
2 Moral theories must be motivational or non-motivational. Double Bind. Either A they are non-motivational and won’t be followed so morality can’t guide action since guides need to be followed or B morality is motivational and people will do what is says no matter what so it’s just descriptive of action, not providing an obligation
3 External World Skep: No amount of subjective evidence can ever prove objective knowledge. Searle, You could have of these scenarios.” That negates since providing an obligation requires that A the one assigning the obligation has some externally reliable source of authority and B it assumes we know the facts about a situation and can make a case for an obligation which is impossible.
4 Paradoxes- A Meno’s- In order to discover something, it must already be known – this makes the quest for knowledge incomprehensible and thus impossible B Good Samaritan- In order to say I want to fix X problem, you must say that you want X problem to exist, since it requires the problem to exist to solve, which makes a moral attempt inherently immoral C Induction- either it’s the case we can predict the outcome of a situation, or we cannot. We cannot, insofar as no situation is ever replicated exactly, and even if it can, there’s no guarantee the outcome will be the same. If we can predict situations, that means everyone can, which means we will always predict each other, making a paradox of action. Insofar as we always attempt to predict the outcomes of each other’s actions, and will cancel out the obligations
12/4/21
0 -- contact info
Tournament: cat cafe | Round: 9 | Opponent: cute cat | Judge: kofi shop hi i am katelyn and you can call me kat and i like cats :3 she/her pronouns contact email: zhoukatelyn@gmail.com phone: 1(415)910-7102
please tell me if you have any trigger warnings, i completely understand. my triggers: graphic self-harm. being able to deb8 in the deb8 space comes first
i want to meet disclosure, lmk your disclosure interpretations! just lmk all interps you want me to meet!!
if you run spikes or tricks email me and i will tell you interps i want you to meet!
:3 let's have an amazing round
9/4/21
JF -- DA -- China
Tournament: Barkley Forum | Round: 1 | Opponent: Holy Cross ND | Judge: Rachel Ding China’s econ is on the brink of collapse – covid 19 lockdowns, real estate issues, and now the omicron virus is threatening. Government easing back of policy will not help. He 12/21 Laura He, Cnn Business, 12-15-2021, "China was already facing an economic slowdown in 2022. Now here comes Omicron," CNN, https://www.cnn.com/2021/12/15/economy/china-omicron-economy-intl-hnk/index.html Government data released company's financial health. The space race and development of outer space benefits China’s economy and is the only method to do so right now. It will also help re-kick start the dying innovation, and China shows interest. Qian and Liu ‘20 https://research.nus.edu.sg/eai/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2021/08/EAIBB-No.-1571-Chinas-space-industry-2.pdf Space is one and civil aviation.
Chinese economic collapse affects all countries. Graceffo 12/21 Antonio Graceffo, Ph.D., China-MBA, spent seven years in China and is the author of the books Beyond the Belt and Road: China’s Global Economic Expansion and A Short Course on the Chinese Economy. His writing has appeared in The South China Morning Post, Penthouse, The Diplomat, and Black Belt Magazine. He currently resides in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia where he teaches economics at the LETU American University. 12-2-2021, "Could China’s Massive Public Debt Torpedo the Global Economy?," War on the Rocks, https://warontherocks.com/2021/12/could-chinas-massive-public-debt-torpedo-the-global-economy/ If the Chinese risky market forces. Decline cascades – nuclear war Maavak 21 – Mathew Maavak, PhD in Risk Foresight from the Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, External Researcher (PLATBIDAFO) at the Kazimieras Simonavicius University, Expert and Regular Commentator on Risk-Related Geostrategic Issues at the Russian International Affairs Council, “Horizon 2030: Will Emerging Risks Unravel Our Global Systems?”, Salus Journal – The Australian Journal for Law Enforcement, Security and Intelligence Professionals, Volume 9, Number 1, p. 2-8 Various scholars and who got replaced.
Tournament: Silver and Black | Round: 3 | Opponent: Peninsula SM | Judge: Diana Alvarez CP Text: Counterplan: Just govts should implement safe nursing staffing politics, policies to prevent burnout, and provide enough PPE to their health care workers, and also pay equally among permanent and temporary staff based on hours. Their own cards prove why we solve: This is from Lasater et al 20 Conclusions Hospital nurses were burned out and working in understaffed conditions in the weeks prior to the first wave of COVID-19 cases, posing risks to the public’s health. Such risks could be addressed by safe nurse staffing policies currently under consideration. this is from cleary 20 “For me, what the pandemic revealed in a very stark way, are the failures of leadership and management and adequate support to frontline healthcare workers,” says Professor Helen Schneider, a public health expert from the University of the Western Cape.
This is from hwang 10/19 The reason for the shortages? Record patient volumes at the same time that many workers have been driven away from the bedside by burnout, early retirement and the seemingly unending stress of the pandemic. …
“What’s really important is that 10 percent doesn’t turn into 15 percent, does not turn into 20 percent. There’s not enough temporary staff out there to fix what’s going on,” said Dave Regan, president of SEIU-UHW. The shortages are an untenable scenario, unions say — one that has persisted for many years brought to a boiling point by the pandemic. Since the pandemic began, union grievances with hospitals are increasingly about inadequate staffing, although bargaining over pay remains a key issue.
12/3/21
ND -- CP -- Jobs for Incarcerated v1
Tournament: Silver and Black | Round: 2 | Opponent: Marlborough VA | Judge: Hannah Nunley CP: US should ban bias when hiring people based on their racial, gender identity, and should also lift restrictions on the formerly incarcerated to strike. biggest barrier to dignity and normal life is whether or not inmates can find a job after release. Stabley 21 Justin Stabley, 3-31-2021, "People leaving prison have a hard time getting jobs. The pandemic has made things worse," PBS NewsHour, https://www.pbs.org/newshour/economy/people-leaving-prison-have-a-hard-time-getting-jobs-the-pandemic-has-made-things-worse Jeffrey Korzenik, chief back to prison.
12/3/21
ND -- DA -- Trade
Tournament: Silver and Black | Round: 3 | Opponent: Peninsula SM | Judge: Diana Alvarez Trade is stable and growing---governments are avoiding protectionism, the key threat Dr. Daniel Gros 21, Director of the Centre for European Policy Studies, Ph.D. in Economics from the University of Chicago, Fulbright Scholar, Former Visiting Professor at the University of California at Berkeley, BA in Economics from the University of Rome, Former Economic Advisor to the Directorate General II of the European Commission, “The Great Lockdown and Global Trade”, Project Syndicate, 6/8/2021, https://www.project-syndicate.org/commentary/how-globalization-and-trade-survived-the-pandemic-by-daniel-gros-2021-06?barrier=accesspay Global supply chains dependencies and capacities.
Strike strengthen unions which cause protectionism – that slows growth and causes tariffs Epstein 16 Richard A. Epstein Peter and Kirsten Bedford Senior Fellow @ the Hoover Institution. "The Rise of American Protectionism." https://www.hoover.org/research/rise-american-protectionism This point compound the problem. Health strikes too empower unions as they are closely tied to them. Holder 11/13 Sarah Holder, 11-10-2021, "Kaiser Permanente Reaches Pact With Unions and Averts Strike," Time, https://time.com/6117442/kaiser-strike/ Bloomberg — Kaiser Permanente into the winter.
New trade conflicts cause global war and undermine cooperation on collective action problems Dr. Michael F. Oppenheimer 21, Clinical Professor at the Center for Global Affairs at New York University, Senior Consulting Fellow for Scenario Planning at the International Institute for Strategic Studies, Former Executive Vice President at The Futures Group, Member of the Council on Foreign Relations, The Foreign Policy Roundtable at the Carnegie Council on Ethics and International Affairs, and The American Council on Germany, “The Turbulent Future of International Relations”, in The Future of Global Affairs: Managing Discontinuity, Disruption and Destruction, Ed. Ankersen and Sidhu, p. 23-30 Four structural forces destination is clear. 5*'
12/3/21
ND -- NC -- Hegel v1
Tournament: Silver and Black | Round: 2 | Opponent: Marlborough VA | Judge: Hannah Nunley First, prefer constitutivism over anything else. Claims can only apply to us due to our status as agents. Second, all actions are not only in line with reason (ie reasonable actions) but also in response to actions generated by their status as a member of the community with shared roles. This falls in line with the ethical community and mutual recognition. Third, the only way to resolve the evil or harms that maybe presented in society is the ethical community as the ethical community is the only way in which we can recognize and respect the actions and agency of other agents. The ethical community allows us to invalidate evils that affect society. Gobsch ‘14 Wolfram Gobsch, "The Idea of an Ethical Community: Kant and Hegel on the Necessity of Human Evil and the Love to Overcome It," Philosophical Topics, Vol. 42, No. (2014), p. 177-200. Gobsch is research assistant at the Chair for Practical Philosophy at Universität Leibzig, studied Philosophy and Logic and Philosophy of Science in Leipzig, St Andrews and Basel, ssistant and senior assistant at the Chair for Theoretical Philosophy at the University of Basel, research stay at the University of Chicago.rctkitkat Because the highest caritas, and solidarity.27 The ethical community is most in line with guaranteeing personal freedom and individualistic style frameworks fail in this sense. Hughes ‘88 Hughes, J. (1988). The Philosophy of Intellectual Property . 77 Georgetown L.J. 287, 330-350 (1988) The Bridge. https://cyber.harvard.edu/bridge/Philosophy/88hugh3.htm.kitkat To the classical and dizzying heights.
Thus the standard is consistency with abiding by ethical life and maximizing freedom through such. Prefer the standard: A Any statements that claim to follow a certain standard must be seen as valid by others within the community which proves the need for an ethical community. Therefore all standards devolve to the ethical community. B The ethical community resolves the multiple frameworks debate as we know what is violent but we cannot know what is justified violence or not in a certain case so we would have to default to one perspective but the ethical community allows us to consider every single perspective that a community holds. C FWs revolving around reason and individuality requires the ethical community and devolves -- take the example of Kantianism . FWs revolving around structural violence also devolve b/c we want to protect each and every person The security of the ethical community is dependent upon protection from those external to it, but violence is intrinsic to strikes and they are uniquely unethical Mlungisi 16, Ernest Tenza. The liability of trade unions for conduct of their members during industrial action. Diss. 2016. (lecturer in the field of Labour Law at the School of Law. He holds a LLM Degree) JG When expressing themselves through one or more of these forms of expression, they are expected to be peaceful.20 However, over the past few years, workers attempted to heighten the impact of their industrial action by using various tactics during industrial action, tactics which have a negative impact on the lives and property of other people. These include the trashing of cities, vandalising property, forming picket lines at supermarkets, and preventing shoppers from doing business with their chosen businesses.21 There have been strike-related disruptions in almost every sector of the economy.22 There have been several incidents where industrial action resulted in violence and disruption of the public peace.23 Other examples include the torching of employers’ property, intimidation and even the killing of non-striking workers.24 During the truck drivers’ strike which took place in September 2012, a number of drivers were attacked and killed during violent demonstrations.25 During security workers’ strikes in 2006 and 2013, shops were looted and damage was caused to the property of innocent bystanders, street vendors, spaza-shop owners and employers.26 The Business Times reported that violent strikes in the country’s platinum sector resulted in the death of more than 50 people.27 In April 2016 SATAWU members on strike torched trains in Cape Town.28 These strikes are counter-productive and destructive not only because they are violent but the parties, namely the employer and employees take long to resolve their dispute(s) or reach settlement. This create health hazards. For example, a strike by municipal workers could lead to the non-collection of waste and this poses a serious health risk.29 The burning of tyres by demonstrators also leads to pollution and resultant health risks. The harmful conduct resulting from industrial action affects not only the strikers or picketers, but also innocent members of the public, non-striking employees, employers and the economy at large.30 In Garvis and Others v SATAWU and others, 31 it was held that the majority of the population was subjected to the tyranny of the state in the past and such practices should no longer be tolerated.
12/3/21
ND -- T -- Just Govt v1
Tournament: Silver and Black | Round: 2 | Opponent: Marlborough VA | Judge: Hannah Nunley Interpretation: the affirmative must defend that only just governments ought to recognize the right to strike Just governments respect liberties Dorn 12 James A. Dorn, Cato Journal, "The Scope of Government in a Free Society", Fall 2012, https://www.cato.org/sites/cato.org/files/serials/files/cato-journal/2012/12/v32n3-10.pdf If laws are and securing liberty.
Prefer – 1 Precision — anything else justifies the aff arbitrarily jettisoning words in the resolution at their whim which decks negative ground and preparation because the aff is no longer bounded by the resolution. 2 Limits – there are 200 governments in the world – letting them pick an unjust ones explodes limits via infinite permutations of governments 3 Phil ed – 1AR will claim no government is just but that just means that we defend ideal theory. That’s good – A forces philosophical contestation which can uniquely happen in LD debate whereas you can util debate on any topic B outweighs – framework debate allows to identify injustice which is a prereq to any other theory voter because they’re all philosophically grounded Education is a voter since it’s the reason schools fund debate No rvis – chilling effect
12/3/21
ND -- T -- Workers v1
Tournament: Silver and Black | Round: 2 | Opponent: Marlborough VA | Judge: Hannah Nunley Interpretation – The affirmative may not specify a subset of workers because “workers” is a generic bare plural.
The upward entailment and adverb quantification determine whether a bare plural is generic or existential Leslie and Lerner 16 Sarah-Jane, PhD Princeton director of the Program in Linguistics, and Adam, Postgraduate Research Associate in the Department of Philosophy at Princeton "Generic Generalizations (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy)," No Publication, https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/generics/ 4-24-2016 RE Consider the following the generic reading.) It applies to workers:
Upward entailment test – spec fails the upward entailment test because saying that governments ought to recognize a right for one type of workers does not entail that those governments ought to recognize the right for all workers 2. Adverb test – adding “usually” to the res doesn’t substantially change its meaning because a recognition is universal and permanent Vote Neg –
Precision – Arbitrarily jettisoning words in the resolution makes negative preparation impossible because the resolution is the only predictable stasis for preround research and controls the biggest internal link to clash 2. Limits – Their interpretation incentivizes endless worker of the week affs that overstretch negative preparation 3. PICs don’t apply – 1 General advantages the inequality advantage prove PICs don’t solve strategic affs 2 Specification is worse – Forces the neg into worse generics like process counterplans or the k 3 No offense – Theory and infinite aff prep check 4 Outweighs – PICs can be answered with one “all workers key” warrant, while each plan aff requires a new case neg Paradigm issues –
Reject the team – The round is irreparably skewed – NOTHING THAT’S SPECIFIC , means u moot all our generic offense or offense that can be read specifically , 2. Competing interpretations – Reasonability is arbitrary and invites judge interventions 3. No RVIs – A Substance – Forcing the negative to go for topicality avoids substantive clash B Baiting – Encourages abusive affs that prep out topicality C Outweighs – Frivolous shells can be beaten quickly 4. NC before 1AR procedurals – A Scope – Affects more speeches B Probability – More likely we're right if we win our interp since we had more speeches to debate it
12/3/21
ND -- T -- Workers v2
Tournament: Silver and Black | Round: 3 | Opponent: Peninsula SM | Judge: Diana Alvarez Interpretation – The affirmative may not specify a subset of workers because “workers” is a generic bare plural. Violation: They specify healthcare workers. The upward entailment and adverb quantification determine whether a bare plural is generic or existential Leslie and Lerner 16 Sarah-Jane, PhD Princeton director of the Program in Linguistics, and Adam, Postgraduate Research Associate in the Department of Philosophy at Princeton "Generic Generalizations (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy)," No Publication, https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/generics/ 4-24-2016 RE Consider the following the generic reading.) It applies to workers:
Upward entailment test – spec fails the upward entailment test because saying that governments ought to recognize a right for one type of workers does not entail that those governments ought to recognize the right for all workers 2. Adverb test – adding “usually” to the res doesn’t substantially change its meaning because a recognition is universal and permanent Vote Neg –
Precision – Arbitrarily jettisoning words in the resolution makes negative preparation impossible because the resolution is the only predictable stasis for preround research and controls the biggest internal link to clash 2. Limits – Their interpretation incentivizes endless worker of the week affs that overstretch negative preparation 3. PICs don’t apply – 1 General advantages the inequality advantage prove PICs don’t solve strategic affs 2 Specification is worse – Forces the neg into worse generics like process counterplans or the k 3 No offense – Theory and infinite aff prep check 4 Outweighs – PICs can be answered with one “all workers key” warrant, while each plan aff requires a new case neg Paradigm issues –
Reject the team – The round is irreparably skewed – UNIQUELY bad on this topic b/c most DAs are DAs that require strikes to push you over a certain brink… that’s not going to happen in this affirmative which means a lot of negs, such as the econ DAs, the Inflation DA, are not going to be able to happen—so either they link into our da or they are blatantly untopical so u should reject the team. 2. Competing interpretations – Reasonability is arbitrary and invites judge interventions 3. No RVIs – A Substance – Forcing the negative to go for topicality avoids substantive clash B Baiting – Encourages abusive affs that prep out topicality C Outweighs – Frivolous shells can be beaten quickly 4. NC before 1AR procedurals – A Scope – Affects more speeches B Probability – More likely we're right if we win our interp since we had more speeches to debate it
12/3/21
SO -- CP -- Consult WHO
Tournament: Jack Howe | Round: 2 | Opponent: Marlborough LK | Judge: Leah Clark-Villanueva Counterplan Text – Member states of the World Trade Organization ought to consult the World Health Organization on whether or not to do the Plan. The World Health Organization ought to publicly declare that their decision on the Plan will represent their future decisions on all intellectual property protections on medicines. The Plan’s unilateral action by the WTO on medical IP undermines WHO legitimacy – forcing a perception of WHO action against Patents is key to re-assert it – they say yes. Rimmer 4, Matthew. "The race to patent the SARS virus: the TRIPS agreement and access to essential medicines." Melbourne Journal of International Law 5.2 (2004): 335-374. https://law.unimelb.edu.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0007/1681117/Rimmer.pdf (BA (Hons), LLB (Hons) (Australian National University), PhD (New South Wales); Lecturer at ACIPA, the Faculty of Law, The Australian National University)SidK + Elmer The WHO has new infectious diseases.234 WHO Cred key to Global Right to Health – medicine access is critical. - Note the Bottom Paragraph is at the bottom of the PDF – I put a paragraph break to indicate it as such – no words are missing. Bluestone 3, Ken. "Strengthening WHO's position should be a priority for the new Director-General." The Lancet 361.9351 (2003): 2. (Senior Policy Adviser, Voluntary Service Overseas (VSO))Elmer To meet these Human Rights Watch. Right to Health solves Nationalist Populism. Friedman 17 Eric Friedman March 2017 “New WHO Leader Will Need Human Rights to Counter Nationalistic Populism” https://www.hhrjournal.org/2017/03/new-who-leader-will-need-human-rights-to-counter-populism/ (JD, Project Leader of the Platform for a Framework Convention on Global Health at the O’Neill Institute for National and Global Health Law at the Georgetown University Law Center in Washington, DC)Elmer The need for of that endeavor. Populism is an existential threat. de Waal 16 Alex de Waal 12-5-2016 “Garrison America and the Threat of Global War” http://bostonreview.net/war-security-politics-global-justice/alex-de-waal-garrison-america-and-threat-global-war (Executive Director of the World Peace Foundation at the Fletcher School at Tufts University)Elmer Polanyi recounts how everything else first.
9/18/21
SO -- DA -- Biotech
Tournament: Jack Howe | Round: 2 | Opponent: Marlborough LK | Judge: Leah Clark-Villanueva The U.S. is leading the world in biotechnology now, but China is catching up and creating economic, security and regulatory threats Moore 2020 (Scott Moore, Director of the Penn Global China Program@UPenn, Young Professional and Water Resources Management Specialist at the World Bank Group, Environment, Science, Technology, Health Officer for China at the U.S. Dept of State, Giorgio Ruffolo Post-Doctoral Research Fellow with the Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs@Harvard; “China’s Role In The Global Biotechnology Sector And Implications For U.S. Policy”, April 2020, https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/FP_20200427_china_biotechnology_moore.pdf)//HW-CC Even by the for U.S. policy
The aff gives away key research and national security info that would let China take over biotech Rogin 4/8/21 (Josh Rogin, Washington Post Columnist on National Security, 4/8/21. “Opinion: The wrong way to fight vaccine nationalism” https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/global-opinions/the-wrong-way-to-fight-vaccine-nationalism/2021/04/08/9a65e15e-98a8-11eb-962b-78c1d8228819_story.html)//HW-CC Americans will notthe same time. China will use biotech to get military advantages and hurt US primacy Kuo 17 (Mercy Kuo, Executive VP@ Pamir Consulting, Former member of the National Committee on US China Relations, M.A. in Chinese History@UMich; August 2017, “The Great US-China Biotechnology and Artificial Intelligence Race” https://thediplomat.com/2017/08/the-great-us-china-biotechnology-and-artificial-intelligence-race/)//HW-CC Trans-Pacific View of specific populations. China biotech heg causes a laundry list of impacts Moore 19 Scott Moore - Director of the Penn Global China Program at the University of Pennsylvania, Young Professional and Water Resources Management Specialist at the World Bank Group, and Environment, Science, Technology, and Health Officer for China at the U.S. Department of State, Giorgio Ruffolo Post-Doctoral Research Fellow with the Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs at Harvard University, Truman, Fulbright, and Rhodes Scholar., Foreign Policy, "China's Genetic Experiments Are Pushing Ethical Limits", NOVEMBER 8, 2019, 2:53 PM, https://foreignpolicy.com/2019/11/08/cloning-crispr-he-jiankui-china-biotech-boom-could-transform-lives-destroy-them/ - BD When James Clapper on its own.
US Primacy solves arms races, land grabs, rogue states, and great power war – reject old defense that ignores emerging instability and compounding risk -- worse for HR violations Brands 18 Hal, Henry Kissinger Distinguished Professor at Johns Hopkins University's School of Advanced International Studies and a senior fellow at the Center for Strategic and Budgetary Assessments." American Grand Strategy in the Age of Trump." Page 129-133 Since World War a quarter century.
9/18/21
SO -- K -- Queer Pessimism v1
Tournament: Loyola | Round: 2 | Opponent: Strake Jesuit EP | Judge: Holden Bukowsky 1 The intertwined regimes of power that construct society define themselves in opposition to the queer Other that directly threatens the “good” National population. Binaries that paint the Other as the virus infiltrating the healthy population that must be located and “cured” mark queer bodies for violence and death. Spade 2011 - Dean Spade is a lawyer, writer, trans activist, and Associate Professor of Law at Seattle University School of Law. In 2002, he founded the Sylvia Rivera Law Project, a non-profit law collective in New York City that provides free legal services to transgender, intersex and gender non-conforming people who are low-income and/or people of color (“Normal Life: Administrative Violence, Critical Trans Politics, and the Limits of Law,” South End Press) hrmb. This way of and merely administrative.
Furthermore, the assumptions of the west that through the spread and accessibility of medicine that it “SOLVES FOR DEATH” is one that ignores the situation of those otherized: they may not want to talk about why they got the disease, or the homosexual lives they lead and the “corrective r*pe” that they had to go through. The West through doing this will further conflate sexual activity with sexual identity and consigns those who are homosexual to be diseased. Spurlin ‘18 Spurlin, William J. “Queer Theory and Biomedical Practice: The Biomedicalization of Sexuality/The Cultural Politics of Biomedicine.” The Journal of medical humanities vol. 40,1 (2019): 7-20. doi:10.1007/s10912-018-9526-0kitkat The biomedicalization of his theorization occur? The WTO is historically oppressive – it is a system that can not be fixed because the issue of its oppression is INTRINSIC. Every justification that the WTO is something that is needed for such and such reason is one that tells the protestors that the oppression isn’t real and that they aren’t e otherized – this justifies queer oppression. Adler ‘21 Adler, Paul. No Globalization Without Representation: U.S. Activists and World Inequality. University of Pennsylvania Press, 2021. JSTORwww.jstor.org/stable/j.ctv18dvv2w. Accessed 4 Sept. 2021.kitkat On the other more transformative visions.
The 1AC’s apocalyptic rhetoric focuses on futurity and the importance of survival through future reproduction excluding queer people. Kouri-Towe 13 (Natalie; 6/16/13; Assistant Professor and Program Director for the Interdisciplinary Studies in Sexuality program at the Simone de Beauvoir Institute at Concordia University; Fuse, “Queer Apocalypse: Survivalism and Queer Life at the End” http://fusemagazine.org/2013/06/36-3_kouri-owe) SJZD Queer adjective • Strange, stories of apocalypse.
Debilitation and slow death are forms of control that emerge in order to avoid the spectacle of casualties; these biopolitical controls are wielded through social institutions, access to basic needs and medical care, and entrapment in cycles of oppression. As long as the state maintains its current power, militarily and economically, there can be no true change, just the endless shifting of other forms of control to maintain the same violent dynamics the current social empire necessitates. Puar ‘17 Jasbir Puar 2017 (The Right To Maim, Duke University Press pg x-xiv) The might of effects of biopolitics. The collective resistance of the Stonewall riots is a spirit we need to recapture – embrace the mindset and radically refuse the police state is the only way to prevent the continuation of state violence towards the queer Other and the death of the revolutionary spirit Stanley 11 Stanley, E. A., and Smith, N. (2011). Captive genders: Trans embodiment and the prison industrial complex. Oakland, CA: AK Press. Bright lights shattered making abolition flourish. Case Both Kant and his theories are inherently immoral – laundry list: 2 The Argument From Marginal Cases. Kant mistakenly grounds human dignity in rationality. Kant 1785 Immanuel Kant, Foundation of the Metaphysics of Morals (1785). https://www.earlymoderntexts.com/assets/pdfs/kant1785.pdf So morality, and every rational nature. That implies marginal cases lack equal basic rights. Tanner 06 FACTA UNIVERSITATIS Series: for my purposes. This leads to potentially infinite abuse Carruthers 92 Peter Carruthers, Professor of Philosophy, University of Maryland. The Animals Issue. https://books.google.com/books?id=UcKPAYLFQR0Candpg=PA114andlpg=PA114anddq=22there+are+no+sharp+boundaries+between+a+baby+and+an+adult22andsource=blandots=VDpIvhpLLrandsig=ACfU3U1YK0FoBOhyEQqyJxQLjNHlHMHfJAandhl=enandsa=Xandved=2ahUKEwiY3JqXtqzkAhUlnOAKHYGmC3sQ6AEwAHoECAkQAQ#v=onepageandq=22there20are20no20sharp20boundaries20between20a20baby20and20an20adult22andf=false There is a would be indeterminate. 3 Kant’s epistemology erroneously assumes that a priori is “pure reason,” free from error. Kant 1785 Immanuel Kant, Foundation of the Metaphysics of Morals (1785). https://www.earlymoderntexts.com/assets/pdfs/kant1785.pdf What I have highest good in the world. But that’s stupid; math errors prove. Huemer 93 Michael Huemer, “A Critique of the Kantian Ethics”. Spring, 1993. Professor of Philosophy at University of Colorado, Boulder. http://www.owl232.net/papers/kant1.htm A. Appearance and they can conflict: That means there’s no inherent reason to reject consequences in a moral calculus, which defeats deontology. 4 Kant is also wrong about internal and external causes of actions, which is the root of Kant’s epistemology. Huemer 93 Michael Huemer, “A Critique of the Kantian Ethics”. Spring, 1993. Professor of Philosophy at University of Colorado, Boulder. http://www.owl232.net/papers/kant1.htm Finally, the very with internal causes. Reject 1AR Theory arguments – a) double bind – either you can put minor ink next to answer of my responses and extend your arguments to auto-win or the judge has to intervene to see if the 2ar answers to the 2n are good enough. Intervention o/w since it takes the round out of debater’s hands b) they have 2 speeches on theory while I have 1 which means they can structurally preempt my answers and respond to them and I can’t do either c) infinite abuse in the context of aff abuse doesn’t make sense since you can read 1ac theory and uplayer with other 1ar offs like Ks d) they have 1 more minute on the theory debate due to a 7-6 skew which o/w since theory is mainly about substance e) evaluate 2n paradigm issues and framing since they have 2 speeches to answer and weigh against 1 argument and I need another speech to compensate f) some judges evaluate 2ar theory arguments when a 2n kicks out of an uncondo CP which means they can generate 3 speeches of theory offense g) they can blow up dropped arguments in the next speech and I don’t have the chance to frame them out but they can which means only dropped arguments for them are game over. 1AR theory is drop the argument – they can initiate theory in the aff and the 1ar which means they have 2 speeches to devastate the 1n with no risk auto-loss issues.
9/19/21
SO -- K -- Queer Pessimism
Tournament: Jack Howe | Round: 4 | Opponent: Harvard Westlake AT | Judge: Ausha Curry The intertwined regimes of power that construct society define themselves in opposition to the queer Other that directly threatens the “good” National population. Binaries that paint the Other as the virus infiltrating the healthy population that must be located and “cured” mark queer bodies for violence and death. Spade 2011 - Dean Spade is a lawyer, writer, trans activist, and Associate Professor of Law at Seattle University School of Law. In 2002, he founded the Sylvia Rivera Law Project, a non-profit law collective in New York City that provides free legal services to transgender, intersex and gender non-conforming people who are low-income and/or people of color (“Normal Life: Administrative Violence, Critical Trans Politics, and the Limits of Law,” South End Press) hrmb. This way of and merely administrative.
THE AFF IS SAVIORISM: “implementing a waiver”, “multilateral cooperation supports and encourages trade, which, in turn, fosters peace”, -- they POSIT THE WTO AS NECESSARY AND AS IMPORTANT and the WTO is THEN THEY also link to extinction/apocalyptic rhetoric – “existential threats”, The assumptions of the west that through the spread and accessibility of medicine that it “SOLVES FOR DEATH” is one that ignores the situation of those otherized: they may not want to talk about why they got the disease, or the homosexual lives they lead and the “corrective r*pe” that they had to go through. The West through doing this will further conflate sexual activity with sexual identity and consigns those who are homosexual to be diseased. Spurlin ‘18 Spurlin, William J. “Queer Theory and Biomedical Practice: The Biomedicalization of Sexuality/The Cultural Politics of Biomedicine.” The Journal of medical humanities vol. 40,1 (2019): 7-20. doi:10.1007/s10912-018-9526-0kitkat The biomedicalization of this theorization occur? There is a promotion of reproductive futurism to escape our insecurity in the face of nuclear threat, under a duty to a state. This nuclear risk threatens the ability for life and longevity in the status quo. Shipley ‘13 PhD Candidate in the Program in American Studies and an Instructor in the Center for Integrative Studies in the Arts and Humanities at Michigan State University. He received his BA from DePaul University and an MA from the University of Chicago.)(https://www.english.upenn.edu/sites/www.english.upenn.edu/files/articles/Silence20of20Fallout~-~-Queer20Temporallities.pdf)kitkat When Jonathan Schell's hedonist, the celibate
Debilitation and slow death are forms of control that emerge in order to avoid the spectacle of casualties; these biopolitical controls are wielded through social institutions, access to basic needs and medical care, and entrapment in cycles of oppression. As long as the state maintains its current power, militarily and economically, there can be no true change, just the endless shifting of other forms of control to maintain the same violent dynamics the current social empire necessitates. Puar ‘17 Jasbir Puar 2017 (The Right To Maim, Duke University Press pg x-xiv) The might of effects of biopolitics. The violence of the community and the government culminates in overkill which uniquely outweighs extinction under any utilitarian framework since it doesn’t only end the pleasure and happiness in life, it erases the previous value of life. Stanley ‘11 Stanley, E. (2011). Near Life, Queer Death. Social Text, 29(2), 1–19. doi:10.1215/01642472-1259461 kitkat
Overkill is a what is nothing. The collective resistance of the Stonewall riots is a spirit we need to recapture – embrace the mindset and radically refuse the police state is the only way to prevent the continuation of state violence towards the queer Other and the death of the revolutionary spirit Stanley 11 Stanley, E. A., and Smith, N. (2011). Captive genders: Trans embodiment and the prison industrial complex. Oakland, CA: AK Press. Bright lights shattered making abolition flourish.
9/19/21
SO -- K -- Queer Pessimism v2
Tournament: Loyola | Round: 4 | Opponent: Harrison AA | Judge: Diana Alvarez 1NC 1 The intertwined regimes of power that construct society define themselves in opposition to the queer Other that directly threatens the “good” National population. Binaries that paint the Other as the virus infiltrating the healthy population that must be located and “cured” mark queer bodies for violence and death. Spade 2011 - Dean Spade is a lawyer, writer, trans activist, and Associate Professor of Law at Seattle University School of Law. In 2002, he founded the Sylvia Rivera Law Project, a non-profit law collective in New York City that provides free legal services to transgender, intersex and gender non-conforming people who are low-income and/or people of color (“Normal Life: Administrative Violence, Critical Trans Politics, and the Limits of Law,” South End Press) hrmb. This way of and merely administrative.
Furthermore, the assumptions of the west that through the spread and accessibility of medicine that it “SOLVES FOR DEATH” is one that ignores the situation of those otherized: they may not want to talk about why they got the disease, or the homosexual lives they lead and the “corrective r*pe” that they had to go through. The West through doing this will further conflate sexual activity with sexual identity and consigns those who are homosexual to be diseased. Spurlin ‘18 Spurlin, William J. “Queer Theory and Biomedical Practice: The Biomedicalization of Sexuality/The Cultural Politics of Biomedicine.” The Journal of medical humanities vol. 40,1 (2019): 7-20. doi:10.1007/s10912-018-9526-0kitkat The biomedicalization of this theorization occur? The WTO is historically oppressive – it is a system that can not be fixed because the issue of its oppression is INTRINSIC. Every justification that the WTO is something that is needed for such and such reason is one that tells the protestors that the oppression isn’t real and that they aren’t e otherized – this justifies queer oppression. Adler ‘21 Adler, Paul. No Globalization Without Representation: U.S. Activists and World Inequality. University of Pennsylvania Press, 2021. JSTORwww.jstor.org/stable/j.ctv18dvv2w. Accessed 4 Sept. 2021.kitkat On the other more transformative visions.
Affirmation of human rights aren’t normative protections against the state violence – but construct bare life and exposes subjects to sovereign violence – affirmation of human rights pretends to do good for the queer community and care yet all it does is reinforce the state’s power against them. Gündogdu 11 (Ayten, Tow Associate Professor of Political Science at Barnard College-Columbia University, “Potentialities of human rights: Agamben and the narrative of fated necessity.” Originally Published 7/19/11, Appears in Contemporary Political Theory Vol. 11 (1), 2012, pg. 7-9, Accessed 5/21/20, JMoore) Agamben’s analysis of the first place (1998, p. 142).
Debilitation and slow death are forms of control that emerge in order to avoid the spectacle of casualties; these biopolitical controls are wielded through social institutions, access to basic needs and medical care, and entrapment in cycles of oppression. As long as the state maintains its current power, militarily and economically, there can be no true change, just the endless shifting of other forms of control to maintain the same violent dynamics the current social empire necessitates. Puar ‘17 Jasbir Puar 2017 (The Right To Maim, Duke University Press pg x-xiv) The might of effects of biopolitics. The violence of the community and the government culminates in overkill which uniquely outweighs extinction under any utilitarian framework since it doesn’t only end the pleasure and happiness in life, it erases the previous value of life. Stanley ‘11 Stanley, E. (2011). Near Life, Queer Death. Social Text, 29(2), 1–19. doi:10.1215/01642472-1259461 kitkat
Overkill is what is nothing. The collective resistance of the Stonewall riots is a spirit we need to recapture – embrace the mindset and radically refuse the police state is the only way to prevent the continuation of state violence towards the queer Other and the death of the revolutionary spirit Stanley 11 Stanley, E. A., and Smith, N. (2011). Captive genders: Trans embodiment and the prison industrial complex. Oakland, CA: AK Press. Bright lights shattered / making abolition flourish. Case Iff racial cap is the issue why don’t they Reductions in IP do not improve accessibility, and some protections are necessary for balancing public and private interests. Krattiger ‘13 (Anatole Krattiger,; Adjunct Professor, School of Integrative Plant Science Plant Breeding and Genetics Section ; September 2013; "Promoting access to medical innovation"; https://www.wipo.int/wipo_magazine/en/2013/05/article_0002.html, WIP Magazine, accessed 7-29-2021; JPark) The rationale of develop new products. Flexibilites exist in the status quo. Crosby et al. '21 (Daniel Crosby, Evan Diamond, Isabel Fernandez De La Cuesta, Jamieson Greer, Jeffrey Telep, Brian White; Crosby specializes in international trade, investment and matters related to public international law. Diamond is a partner on our Intellectual Property, Patent, Trademark and Copyright Litigation team.; 3-5-2021; "Group of Nearly 60 WTO Members Seek Unprecedented Waiver from WTO Intellectual Property Protection for COVID-related Medical Products"; https://www.jdsupra.com/legalnews/group-of-nearly-60-wto-members-seek-2523821/, JD Supra, accessed 7-21-2021; JPark) Existing flexibilities for others do not. Efforts exist to increase equitable distribution of medicine. Crosby et al. '21 (Daniel Crosby, Evan Diamond, Isabel Fernandez De La Cuesta, Jamieson Greer, Jeffrey Telep, Brian White; Crosby specializes in international trade, investment and matters related to public international law. Diamond is a partner on our Intellectual Property, Patent, Trademark and Copyright Litigation team.; 3-5-2021; "Group of Nearly 60 WTO Members Seek Unprecedented Waiver from WTO Intellectual Property Protection for COVID-related Medical Products"; https://www.jdsupra.com/legalnews/group-of-nearly-60-wto-members-seek-2523821/, JD Supra, accessed 7-21-2021; JPark) Efforts to developto the pandemic.
9/19/21
SO -- K -- Queer Pessimism v5
Tournament: Jack Howe | Round: 5 | Opponent: Harvard Westlake NL | Judge: Sam Larson The intertwined regimes of power that construct society define themselves in opposition to the queer Other that directly threatens the “good” National population. Binaries that paint the Other as the virus infiltrating the healthy population that must be located and “cured” mark queer bodies for violence and death. Spade 2011 - Dean Spade is a lawyer, writer, trans activist, and Associate Professor of Law at Seattle University School of Law. In 2002, he founded the Sylvia Rivera Law Project, a non-profit law collective in New York City that provides free legal services to transgender, intersex and gender non-conforming people who are low-income and/or people of color (“Normal Life: Administrative Violence, Critical Trans Politics, and the Limits of Law,” South End Press) hrmb. This way of merely administrative. The aff is saviorism: Fink card: “pushed higher income countries to help lower income countries” small but influential group of countries, mainly Australia, Canada, the European Union (EU), Japan, the United Kingdom (UK) and the United States (US),
The assumptions of the west that through the spread and accessibility of medicine that it “SOLVES FOR DEATH” is one that ignores the situation of those otherized: they may not want to talk about why they got the disease, or the homosexual lives they lead and the “corrective r*pe” that they had to go through. The West through doing this will further conflate sexual activity with sexual identity and consigns those who are homosexual to be diseased. Spurlin ‘18 Spurlin, William J. “Queer Theory and Biomedical Practice: The Biomedicalization of Sexuality/The Cultural Politics of Biomedicine.” The Journal of medical humanities vol. 40,1 (2019): 7-20. doi:10.1007/s10912-018-9526-0kitkat The biomedicalization of this theorization occur? The aff uses extinction rhetoric – harmful: “failure to contain COVID 19 causes extinction” “great power war” “outbreak of COVID-19 could very well be the event that accelerates human extinction” “US CHINA NUCLEAR ESCALATION TOTAL WAR IS HIGH” There is a promotion of reproductive futurism to escape our insecurity in the face of nuclear threat, under a duty to a state. This nuclear risk threatens the ability for life and longevity in the status quo. Shipley ‘13 PhD Candidate in the Program in American Studies and an Instructor in the Center for Integrative Studies in the Arts and Humanities at Michigan State University. He received his BA from DePaul University and an MA from the University of Chicago.)(https://www.english.upenn.edu/sites/www.english.upenn.edu/files/articles/Silence20of20Fallout~-~-Queer20Temporallities.pdf)kitkat When Jonathan Schell's hedonist, the celibate
The violence of the community and the government culminates in overkill which uniquely outweighs extinction under any utilitarian framework since it doesn’t only end the pleasure and happiness in life, it erases the previous value of life. Stanley ‘11 Stanley, E. (2011). Near Life, Queer Death. Social Text, 29(2), 1–19. doi:10.1215/01642472-1259461 kitkat
Overkill is a what is nothing. The collective resistance of the Stonewall riots is a spirit we need to recapture – embrace the mindset and radically refuse the police state is the only way to prevent the continuation of state violence towards the queer Other and the death of the revolutionary spirit Stanley 11 Stanley, E. A., and Smith, N. (2011). Captive genders: Trans embodiment and the prison industrial complex. Oakland, CA: AK Press. Bright lights shattered making abolition flourish.
9/19/21
SO -- K -- Queer Pessimism v6
Tournament: Nano Nagle | Round: 2 | Opponent: Harker AS | Judge: Vishnu Vennelekanti The intertwined regimes of power that construct society define themselves in opposition to the queer Other that directly threatens the “good” National population. Binaries that paint the Other as the virus infiltrating the healthy population that must be located and “cured” mark queer bodies for violence and death. Spade 2011 - Dean Spade is a lawyer, writer, trans activist, and Associate Professor of Law at Seattle University School of Law. In 2002, he founded the Sylvia Rivera Law Project, a non-profit law collective in New York City that provides free legal services to transgender, intersex and gender non-conforming people who are low-income and/or people of color (“Normal Life: Administrative Violence, Critical Trans Politics, and the Limits of Law,” South End Press) hrmb. This way of and merely administrative.
Furthermore, the assumptions of the west that through the spread and accessibility of medicine that it “SOLVES FOR DEATH” is one that ignores the situation of those otherized: they may not want to talk about why they got the disease, or the homosexual lives they lead and the “corrective r*pe” that they had to go through. The West through doing this will further conflate sexual activity with sexual identity and consigns those who are homosexual to be diseased. Spurlin ‘18 Spurlin, William J. “Queer Theory and Biomedical Practice: The Biomedicalization of Sexuality/The Cultural Politics of Biomedicine.” The Journal of medical humanities vol. 40,1 (2019): 7-20. doi:10.1007/s10912-018-9526-0kitkat The biomedicalization of this theorization occur?
There is a promotion of reproductive futurism to escape our insecurity in the face of nuclear threat, under a duty to a state. This nuclear risk threatens the ability for life and longevity in the status quo. Shipley ‘13 PhD Candidate in the Program in American Studies and an Instructor in the Center for Integrative Studies in the Arts and Humanities at Michigan State University. He received his BA from DePaul University and an MA from the University of Chicago.)(https://www.english.upenn.edu/sites/www.english.upenn.edu/files/articles/Silence20of20Fallout~-~-Queer20Temporallities.pdf)kitkat When Jonathan Schell's hedonist, the celibate
Debilitation and slow death are forms of control that emerge in order to avoid the spectacle of casualties; these biopolitical controls are wielded through social institutions, access to basic needs and medical care, and entrapment in cycles of oppression. As long as the state maintains its current power, militarily and economically, there can be no true change, just the endless shifting of other forms of control to maintain the same violent dynamics the current social empire necessitates. Puar ‘17 Jasbir Puar 2017 (The Right To Maim, Duke University Press pg x-xiv) The might of effects of biopolitics. The violence of the community and the government culminates in overkill which uniquely outweighs extinction under any utilitarian framework since it doesn’t only end the pleasure and happiness in life, it erases the previous value of life. Stanley ‘11 Stanley, E. (2011). Near Life, Queer Death. Social Text, 29(2), 1–19. doi:10.1215/01642472-1259461 kitkat
Overkill is a what is nothing. The collective resistance of the Stonewall riots is a spirit we need to recapture – embrace the mindset and radically refuse the police state is the only way to prevent the continuation of state violence towards the queer Other and the death of the revolutionary spirit Stanley 11 Stanley, E. A., and Smith, N. (2011). Captive genders: Trans embodiment and the prison industrial complex. Oakland, CA: AK Press. Bright lights shattered making abolition flourish.
10/9/21
SO -- K -- Queer Pessimism v7
Tournament: Nano Nagle | Round: 3 | Opponent: Harker GS | Judge: Christopher Perez cites broken, check os (it always does this for the longer text bodies... i swear)
10/9/21
SO -- T -- Medicines
Tournament: Nano Nagle | Round: 3 | Opponent: Harker GS | Judge: Christopher Perez Interpretation: The aff must defend that member nations reduce intellectual property protections for all medicines Violation: They specify medicines for novel pandemics The upward entailment test and adverb test determine the genericity of a bare plural Leslie and Lerner 16 Sarah-Jane Leslie, Ph.D., Princeton, 2007. Dean of the Graduate School and Class of 1943 Professor of Philosophy. Served as the vice dean for faculty development in the Office of the Dean of the Faculty, director of the Program in Linguistics, and founding director of the Program in Cognitive Science at Princeton University. Adam Lerner, PhD Philosophy, Postgraduate Research Associate, Princeton 2018. From 2018, Assistant Professor/Faculty Fellow in the Center for Bioethics at New York University. Member of the Princeton Social Neuroscience Lab. “Generic Generalizations.” Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. April 24, 2016. https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/generics/ TG
Generics and Logical the generic reading.) It applies to “Medicines” – adding “generally” to the res doesn’t substantially change its meaning because the res never specified further Vote negative: 1 Precision – they justify arbitrarily mooting words in the resolution at their own whim in order to justify some potentially good interp. Semantics outweighs: a Lexical priority – it doesn’t matter if their interp if the debate is not pertinent i.e. it might me more educational for me to study for AP physics, outweighs since the topic constrains what pragmatics are relevant.
2 Precision – not defending the text of the resolution justifies the affirmative doing away with random words in the resolution which a means they’re not within the topic which is a voter for jurisdiction since you can only vote affirmative on the resolution and this debate never should have happened, b they’re unpredictable and impossible to engage in so we always lose
Drop the Debater – 1 sets a precedent that debaters wont be abusive 2 DTA is the same since you drop the aff
Voters: 1 Fairness – constitutive to the judge to decide the better debater, only fairness is in your jurisdiction because it skews decision making 2 Education – the only portable education from debate that we care about
Competing Interps: 1 reasonability on t is incoherent: you’re either topical or you’re not – it’s impossible to be 77 topical, links to all limits offense 2 functionally the same as reasonability – we debate over a specified briteline which is a counter interp 3 judge intervention – judge has to intervene on what’s reasonable, creates a race to the bottom where debaters exploit judge tolerance for questionable argumentation.
No RVIs 1 illogical for you to get offense just for being fair – it’s the 1ac’s burden 2 baiting - rvi’s incentivize debaters to read abusive positions to win off theory 3 discourages checking abuse since debaters will be afraid to lose on theory
10/9/21
SO -- T -- Reduce
Tournament: Jack Howe | Round: 4 | Opponent: Harvard Westlake AT | Judge: Ausha Curry 1 Interpretation - Reduce means permanent reduction – it’s distinct from “waive” or “suspend.” Reynolds 59 (Judge (In the Matter of Doris A. Montesani, Petitioner, v. Arthur Levitt, as Comptroller of the State of New York, et al., Respondents NO NUMBER IN ORIGINAL Supreme Court of New York, Appellate Division, Third Department 9 A.D.2d 51; 189 N.Y.S.2d 695; 1959 N.Y. App. Div. LEXIS 7391 August 13, 1959, lexis) Section 83's counterpart to indicate permanency. It’s temporary –
Plan Text in a Vacuum is a useless guideline since words are contextually defined based on function – the only basis for determining Topicality should be if the implementation of the Plan as per their 1AC solvency evidence follows the directional meaning of the Topic’s intent – anything else allows the 1AR to re-contextualize what the Plan says forcing the 1NC to predict infinite 1AR spin since they’re not tied to their evidence. 3 Vote neg for limits and neg ground – re-instatement under any infinite number of conditions doubles aff ground – every plan becomes either temporary or permanent – you cherry-pick the best criteria and I must prep every aff while they avoid core topic discussions like reduction-based DAs which decks generics like Pharma Innovation and Bio-Tech. 5 TVA solves – permanently reduce COVID patents. 6 Paradigm Issues – a Topicality is Drop the Debater – it’s a fundamental baseline for debate-ability. b Use Competing Interps – 1 Topicality is a yes/no question, you can’t be reasonably topical and 2 Reasonability invites arbitrary judge intervention and a race to the bottom of questionable argumentation. c No RVI’s - 1 Forces the 1NC to go all-in on Theory which kills substance education, 2 Encourages Baiting since the 1AC will purposely be abusive, and 3 Illogical – you shouldn’t win for not being abusive. Reject 1AR theory- A 7-6 time skew means it’s endlessly aff biased B I don’t have a 3nr which allows for endless extrapolation C 1AR theory is skewed to the aff because they have a 2ar judge psychology warrant. Infinite abuse claims are wrong- A Spikes solve-you can just preempt paradigms in the 1AC B Functional limits- 1nc is only 7 minutes long
9/19/21
SO -- T -- Reduce v2
Tournament: Nano Nagle | Round: 2 | Opponent: Harker AS | Judge: Vishnu Vennelekanti 1 Interpretation – Reduce means to cancel. Black’s Law 90 Black’s Law Dictionary 2ND ED. “Reduce” https://dictionary.thelaw.com/reduce/Elmer In Scotch law. To rescind or annul. That means the Aff has to annul IP protections in their entirety 2 Violation – They dont 3 Standards – a Neg Ground – Core Neg Generics like Innovation and Biotech Heg are predicated on scope of effect – minor modifications in how long a patent lasts for or what it effects allows the 1AR to minimize our links to zero which destroys being Neg on a Topic w/ very little Generic Ground. b Limits – Allowing Affs to make patent modifications explodes Aff ground by three-fold because for all four intellectual property protections for every medicine MULTIPLIED by different time modifications, different scope modifications which makes predictable preparation and in-depth clash impossible. 4 TVA – eliminate all – solves offense. 5 Paradigm Issues – a Topicality is Drop the Debater – it’s a fundamental baseline for debate-ability. b Use Competing Interps – 1 Topicality is a yes/no question, you can’t be reasonably topical and 2 Reasonability invites arbitrary judge intervention and a race to the bottom of questionable argumentation. c No RVI’s - 1 Forces the 1NC to go all-in on Theory which kills substance education, 2 Encourages Baiting since the 1AC will purposely be abusive, and 3 Illogical – you shouldn’t win for not being abusive. D T link turns 1ar theory – the only reason we had to be abusive is because they were in the first place
10/9/21
SO -- T -- Vaccines
Tournament: Jack Howe | Round: 2 | Opponent: Marlborough LK | Judge: Leah Clark-Villanueva Interpretation: The affirmative debater must defend reducing intellectual property protections for substances that treat diseases. To clarify, they may not defend substances that prevent diseases.
Violation: They defend vaccines
Medicines treat diseases Webster (Merriam Webster is America's leading and most-trusted provider of language information, accessed on 6-30-21, Merriam Webster, "Definition of MEDICINE,” https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/medicine)// ww pbj Definition of medicinedisease cough medicine Treatment is different than prevention Pflanzer 20 (Lydia Ramsey Pflanzer is a healthcare editor for Business Insider. She joined Business Insider in 2015 after graduating from Northwestern University, 4-29-2020, accessed 6/30/21, "Scientists are racing to discover ways to treat and prevent coronavirus. Here's the difference between a treatment and a vaccine.," Business Insider, https://www.businessinsider.com/whats-the-difference-between-a-vaccine-and-a-treatment-2020-4)//ww pbj Vaccines are used with antibody treatments. Standards: 1 Limits – they explode the topic to include tons of substances that prevent disease rather than treat them like soap, medical supplies, or food and make it so there is no unified neg generics. The aff still gets the core of the topic lit: they get medicine, innovation, and global inequality. Explosion of aff ground makes neg prep burden impossible, either killing neg ground or forcing the neg to read generics that barely link, always letting aff win. Force the 1AR to read a definition card with a clear list of what’s included and excluded – otherwise, vote neg since they can’t put a clear limit on the topic. Our interp solves – it establishes a clear bright-line for that gives the neg a chance to predict and prepare for every aff ahead of time. At best, the aff’s extra-T still links to all our offense since they can get extra-T advantages to solve disads and defend whatever they want, magnifying limits. 2 Precision – not defending the text of the resolution justifies the affirmative doing away with random words in the resolution which a means they’re not within the topic which is a voter for jurisdiction since you can only vote affirmative on the resolution and this debate never should have happened, b they’re unpredictable and impossible to engage in so we always lose
Drop the Debater – 1 sets a precedent that debaters wont be abusive 2 DTA is the same since you drop the aff
Voters: 1 Fairness – constitutive to the judge to decide the better debater, only fairness is in your jurisdiction because it skews decision making 2 Education – the only portable education from debate that we care about
DTD: 1 it drops the whole AC so dta is the same thing. 2 deters future abuse since wins and losses determine the activity’s direction.
Competing Interps: 1 reasonability on t is incoherent: you’re either topical or you’re not – it’s impossible to be 77 topical, links to all limits offense 2 functionally the same as reasonability – we debate over a specified briteline which is a counter interp 3 judge intervention – judge has to intervene on what’s reasonable, creates a race to the bottom where debaters exploit judge tolerance for questionable argumentation.
No RVIs 1 illogical for you to get offense just for being fair – it’s the 1ac’s burden 2 baiting - rvi’s incentivize debaters to read abusive positions to win off theory 3 discourages checking abuse since debaters will be afraid to lose on theory
9/18/21
SO -- T -- Vaccines v2
Tournament: Jack Howe | Round: 4 | Opponent: Harvard Westlake AT | Judge: Ausha Curry Tournament: Jack Howe | Round: 2 | Opponent: Marlborough LK | Judge: Leah Clark-Villanueva Interpretation: The affirmative debater must defend reducing intellectual property protections for substances that treat diseases. To clarify, they may not defend substances that prevent diseases.
Violation: They defend vaccines
Medicines treat diseases Webster (Merriam Webster is America's leading and most-trusted provider of language information, accessed on 6-30-21, Merriam Webster, "Definition of MEDICINE,” https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/medicine)// ww pbj Definition of medicinedisease cough medicine Treatment is different than prevention Pflanzer 20 (Lydia Ramsey Pflanzer is a healthcare editor for Business Insider. She joined Business Insider in 2015 after graduating from Northwestern University, 4-29-2020, accessed 6/30/21, "Scientists are racing to discover ways to treat and prevent coronavirus. Here's the difference between a treatment and a vaccine.," Business Insider, https://www.businessinsider.com/whats-the-difference-between-a-vaccine-and-a-treatment-2020-4)//ww pbj Vaccines are used with antibody treatments. Standards: 1 Limits – they explode the topic to include tons of substances that prevent disease rather than treat them like soap, medical supplies, or food and make it so there is no unified neg generics. The aff still gets the core of the topic lit: they get medicine, innovation, and global inequality. Explosion of aff ground makes neg prep burden impossible, either killing neg ground or forcing the neg to read generics that barely link, always letting aff win. Force the 1AR to read a definition card with a clear list of what’s included and excluded – otherwise, vote neg since they can’t put a clear limit on the topic. Our interp solves – it establishes a clear bright-line for that gives the neg a chance to predict and prepare for every aff ahead of time. At best, the aff’s extra-T still links to all our offense since they can get extra-T advantages to solve disads and defend whatever they want, magnifying limits. 2 Precision – not defending the text of the resolution justifies the affirmative doing away with random words in the resolution which a means they’re not within the topic which is a voter for jurisdiction since you can only vote affirmative on the resolution and this debate never should have happened, b they’re unpredictable and impossible to engage in so we always lose
Drop the Debater – 1 sets a precedent that debaters wont be abusive 2 DTA is the same since you drop the aff
Voters: 1 Fairness – constitutive to the judge to decide the better debater, only fairness is in your jurisdiction because it skews decision making 2 Education – the only portable education from debate that we care about
Competing Interps: 1 reasonability on t is incoherent: you’re either topical or you’re not – it’s impossible to be 77 topical, links to all limits offense 2 functionally the same as reasonability – we debate over a specified briteline which is a counter interp 3 judge intervention – judge has to intervene on what’s reasonable, creates a race to the bottom where debaters exploit judge tolerance for questionable argumentation.
No RVIs 1 illogical for you to get offense just for being fair – it’s the 1ac’s burden 2 baiting - rvi’s incentivize debaters to read abusive positions to win off theory 3 discourages checking abuse since debaters will be afraid to lose on theory
9/19/21
SO -- Th -- Extra T
Tournament: Jack Howe | Round: 5 | Opponent: Harvard Westlake NL | Judge: Sam Larson Interpretation: Debaters may not defend extra-topical plantexts. Violation: They defend medical products which are not the same as medicines – diagnostic kits, medical masks, protective equipment. An effective response to COVID-19 pandemic requires rapid access to affordable medical products including diagnostic kits, medical masks, other personal protective equipment and ventilators, as well as vaccines Medicines treat diseases Webster (Merriam Webster is America's leading and most-trusted provider of language information, accessed on 6-30-21, Merriam Webster, "Definition of MEDICINE,” https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/medicine)// ww pbj Definition of medicine disease cough medicine
Preparation are not masks, diagnostic kits, etc, preparation in a medical sense, Oxford Dictionary: https://www.google.com/search?q=preparationandoq=preparation+andaqs=chrome..69i57j0i433i512j0i20i263i512j0i131i433i512j0i433i512l3j0i512l3.2307j0j4andsourceid=chromeandie=UTF-8 a substance that medicine or food Standards: 1—Limits and Ground: Adding things outside of the res allows anything to become aff ground—bad because aff can add anything to the resolution and then neg has no predictable ground ACTUALLY KILLS GROUND: A LOT OF THE RESPONSES TO VACCINE AFFS ARE THAT VACCINES AREN’T K2 SOLVE ETC BUT THEN THEY TAKE AWAY WHAT WE CAN READ BY INCLUDING THOSE THINGS IN THEIR PLANTEXT 2—Undermines TS education – since what we’re forced to deb8 about is outside the topic 3—Strat Skew: Skews Neg Time by either forcing us to debate about things we can’t predict or forces a CP that undermines Link UQ to any other portion of the strat. PDIGM ISSUES: DTD not DTA – since their case is contextualized around all of these medicines DTA is the same as DTD or they’ll be stuck with one advantage but then that’s structurally unfair since we spent time reading theory and responding to everything else. Also severance as punishment is illegitimate since DTA is incoherent since they already gave the 1AC. Use competing interpretations not reasonability: A—Use it for both fairness and education – it’s the only way that we can judge without bias a theory argument and it’s also the only way we can have a discussion about the implications of our theory argument regardless of what someone thinks. B—There’s no brightline to what is reasonable or not, so it’s impossible to tell, and using reasonability is thus infinitely regressive. C—Reasonability causes a race to the bottom, with people trying to find the least educational and fair method that is still considered reasonable No rvis – 1—forces neg theory, 2—illogical b/c u don’t win for being not abusive, 3 – encrouages baiting