Sequoia Sawyer Neg
| Tournament | Round | Opponent | Judge | Cites | Round Report | Open Source | Edit/Delete |
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| Barkley Forum for High Schools | 1 | Lexington AT | Sreyaash Das |
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| Barkley Forum for High Schools | Octas | Sage MP | Dylan Jones, Madeleine Conrad-Mogin, David Kilpatrick |
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| Barkley Forum for High Schools | 4 | North Allegheny ST | Gabriel Schuhl |
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| Barkley Forum for High Schools | 6 | Sam Barlow EL | Yoyo Lei |
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| Barkley Forum for High Schools | Octas | Cardinal Gibbons RS | Rafael Li, Julian Kuffour, Tyler Wood |
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| California Invitational Berkeley Debate | 2 | Archbishop Mitty JY | Truman Le |
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| California Invitational Berkeley Debate | 3 | Southlake Carroll PK | Emmiee Malyugina |
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| California Invitational Berkeley Debate | 6 | Sage MP | Brianna Aaron |
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| California Invitational Berkeley Debate | Triples | Harker GS | Courtney Coffman, Gordon Krauss, Jack Quisenberry |
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| California Invitational Berkeley Debate | Doubles | Little Rock Central MG | Jacob Lugo, Derek Hilligross, Ari Davidson |
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| California Round Robin | 2 | Diamond Bar NC | Gabriel Morbeck, Claudia Ribera |
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| California Round Robin | 5 | Isidore Newman EE | Gordon Krauss, Parth Shah |
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| California Round Robin | 5 | Isidore Newman EE | Gordon Krauss, Parth Shah |
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| California Round Robin | 6 | Marlborough WR | Holden Bukowsky, Aryan Jasani |
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| Golden Desert Debate Tournament at UNLV | 2 | Immaculate Heart RR | Vanessa Nyguen |
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| Golden Desert Debate Tournament at UNLV | 3 | Strake Jesuit JY | Anshuman Mishra |
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| Golden Desert Debate Tournament at UNLV | 5 | Marlborough LF | Nikhil Navare |
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| Golden Desert Debate Tournament at UNLV | Quarters | Strake Jesuit KS | Jonathan Meza, Claudia Ribera, Yoyo Lei |
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| Greenhill Fall Classic | 1 | Coppell HA | Chris Theis |
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| Greenhill Fall Classic | 5 | Strake KS | David Yi |
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| Greenhill Fall Classic | 4 | Harker DV | Rachel Mauchline |
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| Greenhill Fall Classic RR | 1 | Immaculate Heart BC | Jenn Melin, Rodrigo Paramo |
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| Greenhill Fall Classic RR | 2 | Sage Hill MP | Christopher Randall, Chris Castillo |
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| Greenhill Fall Classic RR | 5 | Harrison AC | Andrew Halverson, Ben Cortez |
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| Harrison Round Robin | 3 | Lexington AG | Fabrice Etienne, Chris Castillo |
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| Harrison Round Robin | 4 | Memorial SC | Cyrus Jackson, Ben Morbeck |
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| Harvard Westlake Debates | 2 | Marlborough SK | Anish Ramireddy |
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| Harvard Westlake Debates | 3 | Dougherty Valley KM | Eric Deng |
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| Harvard Westlake Debates | 5 | Portola AS | Indu Pandey |
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| King Round Robin | 2 | Harrison AC | Gerard Grigsby, Jack Quisenberry |
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| King Round Robin | 4 | Lexington BF | Neville Tom, Quentin Clark |
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| King Round Robin | 5 | Northland Christian LB | Danielle Dosch, Brendon Morris |
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| Loyola Invitational | 2 | Saratoga AG | Ben Cortez |
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| Loyola Invitational | 5 | Memorial SC | Gordon Krauss |
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| Loyola Invitational | Doubles | Westwood BJ | Claudia Ribera, David Dosch, Danielle Dosch |
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| Loyola Invitational | 4 | Southlake Carroll EP | Lena Mizrahi |
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| Mid America Cup | 3 | Harrison JP | Eric He |
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| Mid America Cup | 2 | Millard North NL | Maya Xia |
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| Mid America Cup | 6 | Iowa City West JS | James Stuckert |
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| Mid America Cup | Doubles | Lexington AK | James Stuckert, Lisa Boulais, Grant Brown |
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| Mid America Cup | Octas | Harrison AA | Jack Quisenberry, Victor Chen, Chris Theis |
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| Mid America Cup RR | 4 | Lake Highland Prep AV | Carlos Carrasco, Sam Larson |
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| Mid America Cup RR | 3 | BASIS Independent Silicon Valley SK | Aryan Jasani, Charles Karcher |
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| Nano Nagle Classic | 1 | Archbishop Mitty AB | Carlos Astacio |
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| Nano Nagle Classic | 4 | Samammish LW | Vanessa Nguyen |
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| Nano Nagle Classic | 5 | Southlake Carrol SD | Felicity Park |
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| Nano Nagle RR | 2 | Harker DV | Felicity Park |
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| Nano Nagle RR | 3 | Perry JA | Nick Fleming |
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| National Debate Coaches Association National Championships | 1 | Notre Dame AG | Madeleine Conrad-Mogin |
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| National Debate Coaches Association National Championships | 3 | Strake Jesuit KS | Truman Le |
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| National Debate Coaches Association National Championships | 6 | Marlborough SL | Indu Pandey |
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| National Debate Coaches Association National Championships | Doubles | Marlborough WR | Pandey, Indu Conrad-Mogin, Madeleine Cortez, Ben |
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| National Debate Coaches Association National Championships | Octas | Strake Jesuit ZD | Claudia Ribera, Rose Larson, Brent Lamb |
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| Palm Classic | 1 | Harker AS | Ari Davidson |
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| Palm Classic | 3 | Strake Jesuit MSt | Yoyo Lei |
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| Palm Classic | 5 | Harker MK | Gerard Grigsby |
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| Palm Classic | Quarters | Immaculate Heart JL | Ben Erdmann, Dhruv Ahuja, James Stuckert |
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| Palm Classic | Quarters | Immaculate Heart JL | Ben Erdmann, Dhruv Ahuja, James Stuckert |
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| Peninsula Invitational | 2 | Harvard-Westlake NL | Jackson Frankwick |
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| Peninsula Invitational | 4 | Stockdale RP | Aryan Jasani |
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| Peninsula Invitational | 5 | Immaculate Heart SS | Savit Bhat |
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| Peninsula Invitational | Quarters | Immaculate Heart RR | Kabir Dubey, Anish Ramireddy, Darin Park |
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| Tournament of Champions | 1 | Park City NL | James Stuckert |
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| Tournament of Champions | 4 | Sidwell SW | Emmiee Malyugina |
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| Tournament of Champions | 5 | Monta Vista KR | Indu Pandey |
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| Tournament of Champions | 6 | Proof DR | Danielle Dosch |
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| debateLA Challenge | 3 | Harvard Westlake IC | Chris Theis, Rodrigo Paramo |
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| debateLA Challenge | 6 | Strath Haven AM | Rodrigo Paramo, Derek Hilligoss |
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| debateLA Challenge | 2 | Strath Haven AM | Danielle Dosch, Truman Le |
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| x | 1 | x | x |
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| Tournament | Round | Report |
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| Barkley Forum for High Schools | 1 | Opponent: Lexington AT | Judge: Sreyaash Das 1ac - prag |
| Barkley Forum for High Schools | Octas | Opponent: Sage MP | Judge: Dylan Jones, Madeleine Conrad-Mogin, David Kilpatrick 1ac - large sats |
| Barkley Forum for High Schools | 4 | Opponent: North Allegheny ST | Judge: Gabriel Schuhl 1ac - whole res |
| Barkley Forum for High Schools | 6 | Opponent: Sam Barlow EL | Judge: Yoyo Lei 1ac - archaeological phenomenology |
| Barkley Forum for High Schools | Octas | Opponent: Cardinal Gibbons RS | Judge: Rafael Li, Julian Kuffour, Tyler Wood 1ac - megaconstellations |
| California Invitational Berkeley Debate | 2 | Opponent: Archbishop Mitty JY | Judge: Truman Le 1ac - ptd |
| California Invitational Berkeley Debate | 3 | Opponent: Southlake Carroll PK | Judge: Emmiee Malyugina 1ac - large sats |
| California Invitational Berkeley Debate | 6 | Opponent: Sage MP | Judge: Brianna Aaron 1ac - large sats |
| California Invitational Berkeley Debate | Triples | Opponent: Harker GS | Judge: Courtney Coffman, Gordon Krauss, Jack Quisenberry 1ac - mining |
| California Invitational Berkeley Debate | Doubles | Opponent: Little Rock Central MG | Judge: Jacob Lugo, Derek Hilligross, Ari Davidson 1ac - alienation |
| California Round Robin | 2 | Opponent: Diamond Bar NC | Judge: Gabriel Morbeck, Claudia Ribera 1ac - lunar heritage |
| California Round Robin | 5 | Opponent: Isidore Newman EE | Judge: Gordon Krauss, Parth Shah 1ac - PTD |
| California Round Robin | 5 | Opponent: Isidore Newman EE | Judge: Gordon Krauss, Parth Shah 1ac - PTD |
| California Round Robin | 6 | Opponent: Marlborough WR | Judge: Holden Bukowsky, Aryan Jasani 1ac - global commons |
| Golden Desert Debate Tournament at UNLV | 2 | Opponent: Immaculate Heart RR | Judge: Vanessa Nyguen 1ac - ukraine |
| Golden Desert Debate Tournament at UNLV | 3 | Opponent: Strake Jesuit JY | Judge: Anshuman Mishra 1ac - whole res |
| Golden Desert Debate Tournament at UNLV | 5 | Opponent: Marlborough LF | Judge: Nikhil Navare 1ac - global commons |
| Golden Desert Debate Tournament at UNLV | Quarters | Opponent: Strake Jesuit KS | Judge: Jonathan Meza, Claudia Ribera, Yoyo Lei 1ac - debris |
| Greenhill Fall Classic | 1 | Opponent: Coppell HA | Judge: Chris Theis 1ac - cap |
| Greenhill Fall Classic | 5 | Opponent: Strake KS | Judge: David Yi 1ac - pandemics |
| Greenhill Fall Classic | 4 | Opponent: Harker DV | Judge: Rachel Mauchline 1ac - eu whistleblowers |
| Greenhill Fall Classic RR | 1 | Opponent: Immaculate Heart BC | Judge: Jenn Melin, Rodrigo Paramo 1ac - CRISPR |
| Greenhill Fall Classic RR | 2 | Opponent: Sage Hill MP | Judge: Christopher Randall, Chris Castillo 1ac - cannabis |
| Greenhill Fall Classic RR | 5 | Opponent: Harrison AC | Judge: Andrew Halverson, Ben Cortez 1ac - biocolonialism |
| Harrison Round Robin | 3 | Opponent: Lexington AG | Judge: Fabrice Etienne, Chris Castillo 1ac - mining |
| Harrison Round Robin | 4 | Opponent: Memorial SC | Judge: Cyrus Jackson, Ben Morbeck 1ac - deep space |
| Harvard Westlake Debates | 2 | Opponent: Marlborough SK | Judge: Anish Ramireddy 1ac - global commons |
| Harvard Westlake Debates | 3 | Opponent: Dougherty Valley KM | Judge: Eric Deng 1ac - space resource fund mining |
| Harvard Westlake Debates | 5 | Opponent: Portola AS | Judge: Indu Pandey 1ac - mining |
| King Round Robin | 2 | Opponent: Harrison AC | Judge: Gerard Grigsby, Jack Quisenberry 1ac - purple flowers |
| King Round Robin | 4 | Opponent: Lexington BF | Judge: Neville Tom, Quentin Clark 1ac - space exploration and tourism |
| King Round Robin | 5 | Opponent: Northland Christian LB | Judge: Danielle Dosch, Brendon Morris 1ac - china |
| Loyola Invitational | 2 | Opponent: Saratoga AG | Judge: Ben Cortez 1ac - us covid aff |
| Loyola Invitational | 5 | Opponent: Memorial SC | Judge: Gordon Krauss 1ac - evergreening |
| Loyola Invitational | Doubles | Opponent: Westwood BJ | Judge: Claudia Ribera, David Dosch, Danielle Dosch 1ac - full res |
| Loyola Invitational | 4 | Opponent: Southlake Carroll EP | Judge: Lena Mizrahi 1ac - covid medicines |
| Mid America Cup | 3 | Opponent: Harrison JP | Judge: Eric He 1ac - women's health medicine |
| Mid America Cup | 2 | Opponent: Millard North NL | Judge: Maya Xia 1ac - us covid wavier |
| Mid America Cup | 6 | Opponent: Iowa City West JS | Judge: James Stuckert 1ac - polls afc private actor fiat |
| Mid America Cup | Doubles | Opponent: Lexington AK | Judge: James Stuckert, Lisa Boulais, Grant Brown 1ac - kant |
| Mid America Cup | Octas | Opponent: Harrison AA | Judge: Jack Quisenberry, Victor Chen, Chris Theis 1ac - women's health medicine |
| Mid America Cup RR | 4 | Opponent: Lake Highland Prep AV | Judge: Carlos Carrasco, Sam Larson 1ac - kant |
| Mid America Cup RR | 3 | Opponent: BASIS Independent Silicon Valley SK | Judge: Aryan Jasani, Charles Karcher 1ac - tricks synthetic biotech |
| Nano Nagle Classic | 1 | Opponent: Archbishop Mitty AB | Judge: Carlos Astacio 1ac - data exclusivity |
| Nano Nagle Classic | 4 | Opponent: Samammish LW | Judge: Vanessa Nguyen 1ac - covid vaccine aff |
| Nano Nagle Classic | 5 | Opponent: Southlake Carrol SD | Judge: Felicity Park 1ac - cannabis |
| Nano Nagle RR | 2 | Opponent: Harker DV | Judge: Felicity Park 1ac - public health emergencies |
| Nano Nagle RR | 3 | Opponent: Perry JA | Judge: Nick Fleming 1ac - medical touch |
| National Debate Coaches Association National Championships | 1 | Opponent: Notre Dame AG | Judge: Madeleine Conrad-Mogin 1ac - iran |
| National Debate Coaches Association National Championships | 3 | Opponent: Strake Jesuit KS | Judge: Truman Le 1ac - kant afc |
| National Debate Coaches Association National Championships | 6 | Opponent: Marlborough SL | Judge: Indu Pandey 1ac - global commons |
| National Debate Coaches Association National Championships | Doubles | Opponent: Marlborough WR | Judge: Pandey, Indu Conrad-Mogin, Madeleine Cortez, Ben 1ac - large sats v15 |
| National Debate Coaches Association National Championships | Octas | Opponent: Strake Jesuit ZD | Judge: Claudia Ribera, Rose Larson, Brent Lamb 1ac - gillespie |
| Palm Classic | 1 | Opponent: Harker AS | Judge: Ari Davidson 1ac - mining |
| Palm Classic | 3 | Opponent: Strake Jesuit MSt | Judge: Yoyo Lei 1ac - adorno |
| Palm Classic | 5 | Opponent: Harker MK | Judge: Gerard Grigsby 1ac - mining |
| Palm Classic | Quarters | Opponent: Immaculate Heart JL | Judge: Ben Erdmann, Dhruv Ahuja, James Stuckert 1ac - china |
| Palm Classic | Quarters | Opponent: Immaculate Heart JL | Judge: Ben Erdmann, Dhruv Ahuja, James Stuckert 1ac - china |
| Peninsula Invitational | 2 | Opponent: Harvard-Westlake NL | Judge: Jackson Frankwick 1ac - whole res cap |
| Peninsula Invitational | 4 | Opponent: Stockdale RP | Judge: Aryan Jasani 1ac - megaconstillations |
| Peninsula Invitational | 5 | Opponent: Immaculate Heart SS | Judge: Savit Bhat 1ac - china |
| Peninsula Invitational | Quarters | Opponent: Immaculate Heart RR | Judge: Kabir Dubey, Anish Ramireddy, Darin Park 1ac - aliens |
| Tournament of Champions | 1 | Opponent: Park City NL | Judge: James Stuckert 1ac - beller |
| Tournament of Champions | 4 | Opponent: Sidwell SW | Judge: Emmiee Malyugina 1ac - cyborg |
| Tournament of Champions | 5 | Opponent: Monta Vista KR | Judge: Indu Pandey 1ac - constellations w astronomy collision ozone |
| Tournament of Champions | 6 | Opponent: Proof DR | Judge: Danielle Dosch 1ac - lunar heritage |
| debateLA Challenge | 3 | Opponent: Harvard Westlake IC | Judge: Chris Theis, Rodrigo Paramo 1ac - cap |
| debateLA Challenge | 6 | Opponent: Strath Haven AM | Judge: Rodrigo Paramo, Derek Hilligoss 1ac - space tourism |
| debateLA Challenge | 2 | Opponent: Strath Haven AM | Judge: Danielle Dosch, Truman Le 1ac - tourism |
To modify or delete round reports, edit the associated round.
Cites
| Entry | Date |
|---|---|
0 - Contact InfoTournament: x | Round: 1 | Opponent: x | Judge: x | 10/30/21 |
0 - NavigationTournament: x | Round: 1 | Opponent: x | Judge: x | 10/30/21 |
0 - Note - Content WarningsTournament: x | Round: 1 | Opponent: x | Judge: x | 10/30/21 |
1 - Disclose 30 BeforeTournament: Harrison Round Robin | Round: 3 | Opponent: Lexington AG | Judge: Fabrice Etienne, Chris Castillo | 4/8/22 |
1 - Disclose 30 Before v2Tournament: Tournament of Champions | Round: 1 | Opponent: Park City NL | Judge: James Stuckert 2A~ Interpretation: The affirmative must correctly tell the negative what specific affirmative position they will be reading at least 30 minutes before the round.B~ Violation: changed advocacy from the version they sent us.C~ Net Benefits:1~ Clash – Disclosure is the best method for increasing clash in debates because it allows debaters to substantively engage positions rather than relying on sketchy tricks to avoid the discussion. It also allows for more specific clash because debaters can see specific arguments disclosed instead of trying to link generic arguments in.3~ Lying – hold the line – misconstrued the advocacy text intetnionally misguides us + justifies infinitely shifting form pre round – just as good as not disclosing bc we never know what theyre going to lie abt | 4/23/22 |
1 - Disclosure InterpsTournament: x | Round: 1 | Opponent: x | Judge: x Interpretation: Debaters must create a separate citation for each constructive position on their 2021-22 NDCA LD wiki page. To clarify, you can't make cite entries labelled by round like "R1 Yale NC" or put multiple under one heading. Interp: For each position on their corresponding 2021-22 NDCA LD wiki page, debaters must disclose a summary of each analytic argument in their cases. To clarify – you don’t have to include the full text of each, you just have to substitute them with a few words that summarize the thesis of the argument i.e. ‘actor specificity’ rather than ‘analytic’. Interpretation: Debaters must disclose all constructive positions in cite boxes on the 2021-22 NDCA LD wiki. To clarify, they can’t put “see open source.” Interpretation: If debaters disclose full text, they must not post the full text of the cards in the cite box, but must upload an open source document with the full text of their cards. To clarify, you don’t have to disclose highlighting or underlining, you just need an open source document with minimally the full, un-underlined text of cards Interp: Debaters must disclose round reports on the 2021-22 NDCA LD wiki for every round they have debated this season. Round reports disclose which positions (AC, NC, K, T, Theory, etc.) were read/gone for in 2NR. Interp – debaters must disclose all cards read on case on open source with highlighting on the 2021-22 NDCA LD wiki after the round in which they read them and before the next round they debate. | 10/30/21 |
1 - Ev EthicsTournament: Golden Desert Debate Tournament at UNLV | Round: Quarters | Opponent: Strake Jesuit KS | Judge: Jonathan Meza, Claudia Ribera, Yoyo Lei 2 – Ev ethicsInterpretation: Debaters must not omit parts of evidence.Violation: They omitted two paragraphs – ss in the docBoley and Byers 21. Aaron Boley is at the Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada and Michael Byers is at the Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada. 5/20/21. ~Nature, "Satellite mega-constellations create risks in Low Earth Orbit, the atmosphere and on Earth," https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-021-89909-7~~ Justin AND . Current launches likely cause non-negligible radiative forcing already30. Voter for fairness and academic honesty – justifies debaters infinitely changing or modifying evidence to fit the affirmative in a way that’s hard to check means u should err neg even if it doesn’t change the meaning bc it shoudnt be on us to verify and real world ows bc ud get expelled for plagiarism or misciting irlCx voters from other shell | 2/12/22 |
1 - MisdisclosureTournament: Mid America Cup | Round: Doubles | Opponent: Lexington AK | Judge: James Stuckert, Lisa Boulais, Grant Brown 1Interp: The affirmative must correctly tell the negative which aff they will be reading, including any and all changes, within ten minutes of pairings being released.Violation: screenshots – they wouldn’t tell me if there was a util advantage or which Kant fw even 25min later - at 5min before, they still didn't tell me what util advantage or which Kant fw– said it was most similar to most recent on the wiki but its completely different – no util adv
Negate:1~ Prep and clash - they force us to spend pre-round prep prepping the wrong advantage which means I’m unprepared to engage - that decks clash and fairness2~ No offense for disclosure bad - they posted cites on the wiki for all their affs but didn't give us the correct advantages till 10 minutes before - the only offense was us not being able to anticipate or prep the right advantage pre round because they forced us to split our time - proves any responses are in bad faith3~ Academic integrity – you hide the aff for your own advantage which is the definition of being academically disingenuous. That’s a voter since it destroys the constitutive purpose of debate as an educational activity.Voters:Fairness and education are voters – debate’s a game that needs rules to evaluate it and education gives us portable skills for life like research and thinking.Drop the debater – a) they have a 7-6 rebuttal advantage and the 2ar to make args I can’t respond to, b) it deters future abuse and sets a positive norm.Use competing interps – a) reasonability invites arbitrary judge intervention since we don’t know your bs meter, b) collapses to competing interps – we justify 2 brightlines under an offense defense paradigm just like 2 interps.No RVIs – a) illogical – you shouldn’t win for being fair – it’s a litmus test for engaging in substance, b) norming – I can’t concede the counterinterp if I realize I’m wrong which forces me to argue for bad norms, c) baiting – incentivizes good debaters to be abusive, bait theory, then collapse to the 1AR RVI, d) topic ed – prevents 1AR blipstorm scripts and allows us to get back to substance after resolving theoryEvaluate T before 1AR theory – a) norms – we only have a couple months to set T norms but can set 1AR theory norms anytime, b) magnitude – T affects a larger portion of the debate since the aff advocacy determines every speech after itEvaluate disclosure before 1AR theory – a) scope of norming – affects more rounds over time so it rectifies more abuse, b) magnitude – the aff advocacy and disclosure affects a larger portion of the debate since it determines every speech after it and pre round neg prep c) any 1nc abuse was justified by the aff not being properly disclosed | 9/27/21 |
1 - Must Disclose At The FlipTournament: Mid America Cup | Round: Octas | Opponent: Harrison AA | Judge: Jack Quisenberry, Victor Chen, Chris Theis 1Interp: The affirmative must correctly tell the negative which aff they will be reading, including any and all changes, at the time of the online flip result.Violation: screenshots – they refused to give me the aff at the flip
Negate:1~ Prep and clash - they force us to spend pre-round prep prepping multiple different affs which means I’m unprepared to engage - that decks clash and fairness. Also forces us to make a flip decision in the dark since we don't know if the aff is new or one of the 6 across your teammate’s wikis proven by you doing exactly that2~ Academic integrity – you hide the aff for your own advantage which is the definition of being academically disingenuous. That’s a voter since it destroys the constitutive purpose of debate as an educational activity.3~ No offense for disclosure bad - they posted cites on the wiki for all their affs but didn't give us the correct aff at the flip - the only offense was us not being able to anticipate or prep the right aff pre round because they forced us to split our time and make a flip decision without knowing the aff - proves any responses are in bad faithEvaluate disclosure before 1AR theory – a) scope of norming – affects more rounds over time so it rectifies more abuse, b) magnitude – the aff advocacy and disclosure affects a larger portion of the debate since it determines every speech after it and pre round neg prep, c) any 1nc abuse was justified by the aff not being properly disclosed | 9/28/21 |
1 - Must Have CitesTournament: Barkley Forum for High Schools | Round: Octas | Opponent: Sage MP | Judge: Dylan Jones, Madeleine Conrad-Mogin, David Kilpatrick 3Interpretation: Debaters must disclose all constructive positions in cite boxes on the 2021-22 NDCA LD wiki. To clarify, they can’t put "see open source."Debatecoaches no date Violation: see the screenshot in the doc
Standard is pre-round prep: prep becomes atrocious when you make people sift through 20 word docs to figure out which links you’re reading and which impacts to prep – proven by them having many advantages but only disclosing one version in the cite box with no info. Discourages tricks—you can just hide a bunch of blippy arguments. Also key for inclusion since disadvantaged people have computers more prone to lag and even 3 or 4 can crash the program for them—outweighs accessibility is a multiplier for their impacts. Disclosing in cite boxes solves—people can quickly get a summary of your position and go to open source if they need more informationSpecial character broken isn’t defense – unicode character website solves and you know about it – ss in the doc | 2/5/22 |
1 - Must Have Round ReportsTournament: King Round Robin | Round: 2 | Opponent: Harrison AC | Judge: Gerard Grigsby, Jack Quisenberry Round ReportsInterp: Debaters must disclose round reports on the 2020-21 NDCA LD wiki for every round they have debated this season immediately after the round and before the next round. Round reports disclose which positions (AC, NC, K, T, Theory, etc.) were read/gone for in every speech.Violation:Standards:1~ Level Playing Field – big schools can go around and scout and collect flows but independents are left in the dark so round reports are key for us to prep- they give you an idea of overall what layers debaters like going for so you can best prepare your strategy when you hit them. Accessibility first and independent voter – it’s an impact multiplier2~ Strategy Education – round reports help novices understand the context in which positions are read by good debaters and help with brainstorming potential 1NCs vs affs – helps compensate for kids who can’t afford coaches to prep out affs.3~ Pre-round prep –1ARs gives especially give an idea of what type of debater someone is – they could go for 1AR theory every round– otherwise I enter every round unknowing whereas you have an idea of what you want to go for from the start.This shell outweighs—Norms – Disclosure sets norms the rest of debates existence, on both sides, on every topic, in every debate style, while their interp will set norms in only a few specific situations. | 3/26/22 |
1 - Must Not Paraphrase EvTournament: Barkley Forum for High Schools | Round: 4 | Opponent: North Allegheny ST | Judge: Gabriel Schuhl 1Interpretation – Debaters must not paraphrase evidenceViolation – they did, that’s Luxmoore, weir, edwards, and othersVoter for evidence comparison and integrity – they can modify it in infinite ways in their favor and there’s no way for us to check or know what they’re referring to by checking the actual text of the card – impossible to read the whole article to fact checkDrop them to deter future abuse, no RVIs because it incentivizes good debaters being abusive to bait theory, and competing interps because you can’t be reasonably ethical | 2/5/22 |
1 - Must OsourceTournament: Barkley Forum for High Schools | Round: 6 | Opponent: Sam Barlow EL | Judge: Yoyo Lei 2Interpretation: Debaters must disclose all constructive positions on open source with highlighting on the 2020-21 NDCA LD wiki after the round in which they read them and before the next round they debate.Violation – they don’t wiki and I asked
1~ Debate resource inequities—you’ll say people will steal cards, but that’s good—it’s the only way to truly level the playing field for students such as novices in under-privileged programs who can’t bypass paywalled articles.Louden 10 – Allan D. Louden, professor of Communication at Wake Forest ("Navigating Opportunity: Policy Debate in the 21st Century" Wake Forest National Debate Conference. IDEA, 2010) AND multiple professional teaching positions, such as those discussed earlier in the chapter. 2~ Evidence ethics – open source is the only way to verify pre-round that cards aren’t miscut or highlighted or bracketed unethically. That’s a voter – maintaining ethical ev practices is key to being good academics and we should be able to verify you didn’t cheat3~ Depth of clash – it allows debaters to have nuanced researched objections to their opponents evidence before the round at a much faster rate, which leads to higher quality ev comparison – outweighs cause thinking on your feet is NUQ but the best quality responses come from full access to a case.Voters:Drop the debater – a) they have a 7-6 rebuttal advantage and the 2ar to make args I can’t respond to, b) it deters future abuse and sets a positive norm.Use competing interps – reasonability doenst make sense on disclosureNo RVIs – a) illogical – you shouldn’t win for being fair – it’s a litmus test for engaging in substance, b) norming – I can’t concede the counterinterp if I realize I’m wrong which forces me to argue for bad norms, c) baiting – incentivizes good debaters to be abusive, bait theory, then collapse to the 1AR RVI, | 3/25/22 |
1 - New Affs BadTournament: debateLA Challenge | Round: 2 | Opponent: Strath Haven AM | Judge: Danielle Dosch, Truman Le 1Interpretation—the aff must disclose the plan text, framework, and advantage areas 30 minutes before the round. To clarify, disclosure can occur on the wiki or over message.Violation—they didn’t – verbally said it was newVote neg for prep and clash—two internal links—a) neg prep—4 minutes of prep is not enough to put together a coherent 1nc or update generics—30 minutes is necessary to learn a little about the affirmative and piece together what 1nc positions apply and cut and research their applications to the affirmative b) aff quality—plan text disclosure discourages cheap shot affs. If the aff isn’t inherent or easily defeated by 20 minutes of research, it should lose—this will answer the 1ar’s claim about innovation—with 30 minutes of prep, there’s still an incentive to find a new strategic, well justified aff, but no incentive to cut a horrible, incoherent aff that the neg can’t check against the broader literature.Voters:Fairness and education are voters – debate’s a game that needs rules to evaluate it and education gives us portable skills for life like research and thinking.Precision o/w – anything else justifies the aff arbitrarily jettisoning words in the resolution at their whim which decks negative ground and preparation because the aff is no longer bounded by the resolution.Drop the debater to deter future abuse and because the 2N doesn’t get new disads to whole rez so it’s permanently skewed.Use competing interps – a) reasonability invites arbitrary judge intervention since we don’t know your bs meter, b) collapses to competing interps – we justify 2 brightlines under an offense defense paradigm just like 2 interps.No RVIs – a) illogical – you shouldn’t win for being fair – it’s a litmus test for engaging in substance, b) norming – I can’t concede the counterinterp if I realize I’m wrong which forces me to argue for bad normsEvaluate T before 1AR theory – a) norms – we only have a couple months to set T norms but can set 1AR theory norms anytime, b) magnitude – T affects a larger portion of the debate since the aff advocacy determines every speech after it | 2/5/22 |
1 - T - ExtraTournament: Greenhill Fall Classic | Round: 1 | Opponent: Coppell HA | Judge: Chris Theis 1Interp – the aff must only defend that the member nations of the World Trade Organization ought to reduce intellectual property protections for medicines.Violation – they’re extra topical – they defend all forms of IP.Vote neg for limits and ground: extra-topicality allows them to tack on infinite planks to artificially improve aff solvency and spike out of DAs, like fiating enforcement or other reforms. Also key to education and advocacy – they never have to test their aff against well-researched objections which o/w since it’s the only portable skill in debate. The counter-interp sets a precedent that the scope of aff fiat doesn’t have to be bounded by the resolution, which outweighs on magnitude. Limits decks competitive engagement which turns their offense because it’s key to advocacy skills and discussion about the aff.SSD Voters:Education gives us portable skills for life like research and thinking.The impact is fairness—a~ it’s an intrinsic good – debate is fundamentally a game and some level of competitive equity is necessary to sustain the activity, b~ probability – debate can’t alter subjectivity, but it can rectify skews which means the only impact to a ballot is fairness and deciding who wins, c~ it internal link turns every impact – a limited topic promotes in-depth research and engagement which is necessary to access all of their educationPrecision o/w – anything else justifies the aff arbitrarily jettisoning words in the resolution at their whim which decks negative ground and preparation because the aff is no longer bounded by the resolution.Drop the debater – they have a 7-6 rebuttal advantage and the 2ar to make args I can’t respond toUse competing interps – a) reasonability invites arbitrary judge intervention since we don’t know your bs meter, b) collapses to competing interps – we justify 2 brightlines under an offense defense paradigm just like 2 interps.No RVIs – a) illogical – you shouldn’t win for being fair – it’s a litmus test for engaging in substance, b) norming – I can’t concede the counterinterp if I realize I’m wrong which forces me to argue for bad norms | 9/18/21 |
1 - T - FrameworkTournament: Nano Nagle RR | Round: 3 | Opponent: Perry JA | Judge: Nick Fleming
| 1/13/22 |
1 - T - Framework v2Tournament: Barkley Forum for High Schools | Round: 6 | Opponent: Sam Barlow EL | Judge: Yoyo Lei 1Interp and Violation: The affirmative must only defend that the appropriation of outer space by private entities is unjust and may only garner offense from the hypothetical implementation of the resolution – they don’tPrivate entity is defined byCornell Law n.d. "private entity" https://www.law.cornell.edu/definitions/uscode.php?width=840andheight=800andiframe=trueanddef'id=6-USC-625312480-168358316andterm'occur=999andterm'src=title:6:chapter:6:subchapter:I:section:1501 TG AND or nonprofit entity, including an officer, employee, or agent thereof. Article 2 of the Outer Space Treaty defines outer space and appropriationOST 66 "2222 (XXI). Treaty on Principles Governing the Activities of States in the Exploration and Use of Outer Space, including the Moon and Other Celestial Bodies." UN Office for Outer Space Affairs, 1499th plenary meeting, Dec 19, 1966, https://www.unoosa.org/oosa/en/ourwork/spacelaw/treaties/outerspacetreaty.html TG Vote neg:1~ Fairness – post facto topic adjustment structurally favors the aff by manipulating the balance of prep. They can specialize in 1 area of literature for 4 years which gives them a huge edge over people switching topics every 2 months and locks us into a predictable null set of monolithic criticisms that are susceptible to the perm. Fairness is an impact - a~ it’s an intrinsic good – debate is fundamentally a game and some level of competitive equity is necessary to sustain the activity which they’ve ceded validity to by participating, b~ probability – individual ballots can’t alter subjectivity even if long term clash over a season can, but they can rectify skews which means the only immediate impact to a ballot is fairness and deciding who wins, c~ it internal link turns every impact – a limited topic promotes in-depth research and engagement which is necessary to access all of their education2~ Clash – argumentative testing along a stable tether and SSD are good – they force debaters to consider a controversial issue from multiple perspectives through nuanced 3rd and 4th level testing that only occurs alongside a stasis point for preparation. Non-T affs allow individuals to establish their own metrics for what they want to debate leading to ideological dogmatism – our argument is that the process of defending and answering proposals against a well-researched opponent is a benefit of engaging the topic regardless of the truth value of those proposals.3~ TVA – prove the material enactment of the res is badUse competing interps – topicality is question of models of debate which they should have to proactively justify and we’ll win reasonability links to our offense.They can’t weigh the case—lack of preround prep means their truth claims are untested which you should presume false—they’re also only winning case because we couldn’t engage with itNo impact turns—exclusions are inevitable because we only have 45 minutes so it’s best to draw those exclusions along reciprocal lines to ensure a role for the negative | 3/25/22 |
2 - K - Black FemTournament: National Debate Coaches Association National Championships | Round: Octas | Opponent: Strake Jesuit ZD | Judge: Claudia Ribera, Rose Larson, Brent Lamb 2The inaccurate patriarchal starting point of their theory and the notion that there is "one blackness" at the expense of theorization of gender means the judge must reject the Aff.Klarman 16 (Brian – BA candidate at Emory College of Arts and Sciences. "Totalizing Identity: From Afro-Pessimism to Black Lives Matter." 2016.)-JJN AND flesh, the body, and gender in order to respond to Wilderson. Both black studies and debate as a research activity participate in the professionalized academic protocols that serve to assimilate black women like Spillers, Hartman, and Sharpe into the canonical archive of afropessimism, expropriating their labor as black feminist scholars and writing them out of the black feminist archive.Nash 19, African American Studies and Gender and Sexuality Studies @ Northwestern, 19 ~Dr. Jennifer C., PhD Harvard: "Black feminism reimagined: after intersectionality." Duke University Press, 2019, https://www.dukeupress.edu/Assets/PubMaterials/978-1-4780-0059-4'601.pdf~~//AD AND "problems" manifest themselves in women’s studies and black studies is distinct. The alternative is to let go – rather than trying to fit black feminist scholarship into the afropessimist paradigm, we embrace black feminism as an affective project centered around axis of racialized sexisms and homophobia.Nash 19, African American Studies and Gender and Sexuality Studies @ Northwestern, ~Dr. Jennifer C., PhD Harvard: "Black feminism reimagined: after intersectionality." Duke University Press, 2019, https://www.dukeupress.edu/Assets/PubMaterials/978-1-4780-0059-4'601.pdf~~//AD AND academics who continue to be conscripted into performing and embodying their intellectual investments. | 4/23/22 |
2 - K - ColorblindnessTournament: Mid America Cup RR | Round: 3 | Opponent: BASIS Independent Silicon Valley SK | Judge: Aryan Jasani, Charles Karcher 1NC1NCAcademic philosophy is anti-Black – the 1AC’s abstraction from the material consequences of racialized violence absolves white philosophers of their contributions to America’s apathy towards Black death – their race-neutral rhetoric and assertion of universal humanistic principles reduces systemic racism to a problem of recognition that prevents effective mobilization against white supremacy – vote negative to reject the Western metaphysical tradition and recognize the permanent failure of white philosophy.Tommy J. Curry and Curry 18 ~Tommy, PhD, Prof. of Philosophy @ TAMU, Gwenetta, PhD, Ass. Prof. of Gender and Race Studies @ Alabama~, "On the Perils of Race Neutrality and Anti-Blackness: Philosophy as an Irreconcilable Obstacle to (Black) Thought," American Journal of Economics and Sociology, Vol. 77, Nos. 3-4 (May-September 2018). DOI: 10.1111/ajes.12244 AND and build strategies against the present problems of racism in philosophy before us. Even if they win that their colorblindness is theoretically ideal, it is practically impossible because racialized bodies are marked by their skin color – the psychological construction of Black as inferior makes their impacts inevitable – philosophy’s segregation of black scholarship is not neutral and not normal.Tommy J. Curry and Curry 18 ~Tommy, PhD, Prof. of Philosophy @ TAMU, Gwenetta, PhD, Ass. Prof. of Gender and Race Studies @ Alabama~, "On the Perils of Race Neutrality and Anti-Blackness: Philosophy as an Irreconcilable Obstacle to (Black) Thought," American Journal of Economics and Sociology, Vol. 77, Nos. 3-4 (May-September 2018). DOI: 10.1111/ajes.12244 AND or friends who live within their social environment. Academic philosophy operates similarly. The 1AC’s spikes and technical obfuscation are the hoops that black scholarship has to jump through to even get on the playing field —- white psychosis responds to critique with an abstraction to the level of fair play —- this fair play is embedded with a safe fantasy zone in which whiteness has the collective power to set rules and normsWilderson 08 Frank B Wilderson III, Associate Professor of African American Studies and Drama at the UC, Irvine, Former Member of militarized wing of the ANC. "Incognegro: A Memoir of Exile and Apartheid" Originally published by South End Press, 2008. IB AND as to tell us the very terms of our precious debates are specious." Racism deems Black life disposable and demands racialized violence – we’re not an ad-hom that criticizes the positionality or personal views of their authors – their philosophy is actively used as an expression of white supremacy and to rationalize the deaths of Black men and women.Tommy J. Curry and Curry 18 ~Tommy, PhD, Prof. of Philosophy @ TAMU, Gwenetta, PhD, Ass. Prof. of Gender and Race Studies @ Alabama~, "On the Perils of Race Neutrality and Anti-Blackness: Philosophy as an Irreconcilable Obstacle to (Black) Thought," American Journal of Economics and Sociology, Vol. 77, Nos. 3-4 (May-September 2018). DOI: 10.1111/ajes.12244 AND that Black philosophers and graduate students share with whites become more worthwhile topics. This turns the aff – America is organized around the subjugation and death of non-white people – discriminatory applications of their policy are inevitable absent a recognition of racialization in the law – their colorblindness is mutually exclusive with the necessary upheaval of the racial dynamics that necessitate inequality.Tommy J. and Gwenetta Curry and Curry 18 ~Tommy, PhD, Prof. of Philosophy @ TAMU, Gwenetta, PhD, Ass. Prof. of Gender and Race Studies @ Alabama~, "On the Perils of Race Neutrality and Anti-Blackness: Philosophy as an Irreconcilable Obstacle to (Black) Thought," American Journal of Economics and Sociology, Vol. 77, Nos. 3-4 (May-September 2018). DOI: 10.1111/ajes.12244 AND rely on institutional racism to produce social structures that reward and elevate whites. The role of debate and the alternative is to surrender to blackness.Brady and Murillo 14 ~Nicholas and John, "Black Imperative: A Forum on Solidarity in the Age of Coalition," January 26, 2014, http://outofnowhereblog.wordpress.com/2014/01/26/black-imperative-a-forum-on-solidarity-in-the-age-of-coalition/, John Murillo III is a PhD student in the English department at Brown University, and a graduate of the University of California, Irvine, with bachelor’s degrees in Cognitive Science and English. His research interests are broad, and include extensive engagements with and within: Black Studies–particularly Afro-Pessimism–Narrative Theory; Theoretical Physics; Astrophysics; Cosmology; and Neuroscience. Nicholas Brady is an activist-scholar from Baltimore, Maryland. He was also a recent graduate of Johns Hopkins with a bachelor’s degree in Philosophy and currently a doctoral student at the University of California-Irvine Culture and Theory program.~ AND imperative. Instead of fetishizing the object, you must surrender to blackness. Underview | 9/24/21 |
3 - CP - BallotTournament: National Debate Coaches Association National Championships | Round: Octas | Opponent: Strake Jesuit ZD | Judge: Claudia Ribera, Rose Larson, Brent Lamb 3We advocate the 1AC without their call for the ballot. To clarify, this is a PIC out of their demand to "take this round hostage" and "blacken the debate space".Calls to "blacken debate" creates a parasitic and de-radicalized relationship to white recognition that turns case.Curry 13 Tommy Curry 2013, Professor of Philosophy at Texas AandM University, "Dr. Tommy Curry on the importance of debate for blacks," https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZMmkPhvDK2E~~#t=174 Re-cut by Elmer AND have progressed fundamentally rooted in how white people see us is a problem. Outweighs under the Refusal RoTB – we’re a refusal of white recognition that separates resistance from liberal allyship.This proves the Aff is a double-turn – their claims of "inclusion" are a double-turn w/ the totalizing refusal of problematic spaces such as Debate. | 4/23/22 |
3 - FW - UtilTournament: Mid America Cup | Round: 6 | Opponent: Iowa City West JS | Judge: James Stuckert 1Moral Realism is true – there is an ethical truth that exists metaphysically: a) otherwise we could not make moral claims since we would merely claim disagreement rather than an absolute wrong, justifying any ethical statement b) regressive moral debates always terminate in an endpoint of agreement, we just compare different values in an attempt to find the ultimate one.Synthetic a posteriori moral naturalism is the basis of realist ethics:A~ The normative supervenes on the natural – natural facts like whether brains develop to permit rationality or subjectivity determine whether non naturalist moral facts can be premised on things like capacity for reasonLutz and Lenman 18. Lutz, Matthew and Lenman, James, "Moral Naturalism", The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Fall 2018 Edition), Edward N. Zalta (ed.), URL = https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/fall2018/entries/naturalism-moral/. Massa AND , this is a heavy mark against non-naturalism (McPherson 2012). That outweighs – controversy prevents acting on moral laws, but lack of philosophical controversy on the correlation between moral and natural facts indicates naturalism guides action.B~ The problem of disagreement – resolving a priori conflicts requires indicting the epistemological basis of one’s judgement with a reliable process for deriving moral truths which is impossible given widespread moral disagreement about non verifiable a priori truth – grounding ethics with verifiable natural facts solveNext, phenomenal introspection can bridge the gap from experiential natural facts to moral truths and necessitates hedonism. When I observe a lemon’s yellowness shifting my visual fields from darker to lighter shades, I can introspect on that experience and identify brightness as an intrinsic property of seeing a lemon. Similarly, when I feel pleasure, I can introspect on the shift in hedonic tones and identify that goodness is an intrinsic property of the pleasure that was increased.This connection between pain and pleasure and phenomenal conceptions of intrinsic value and disvalue is irrefutable – everything else regresses – robust neuroscience proves.Blum et al. 18 Kenneth Blum, 1Department of Psychiatry, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Dayton VA Medical Center, Wright State University, Dayton, OH, USA 2Department of Psychiatry, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA 3Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Keck Medicine University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA 4Division of Applied Clinical Research and Education, Dominion Diagnostics, LLC, North Kingstown, RI, USA 5Department of Precision Medicine, Geneus Health LLC, San Antonio, TX, USA 6Department of Addiction Research and Therapy, Nupathways Inc., Innsbrook, MO, USA 7Department of Clinical Neurology, Path Foundation, New York, NY, USA 8Division of Neuroscience-Based Addiction Therapy, The Shores Treatment and Recovery Center, Port Saint Lucie, FL, USA 9Institute of Psychology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary 10Division of Addiction Research, Dominion Diagnostics, LLC. North Kingston, RI, USA 11Victory Nutrition International, Lederach, PA., USA 12National Human Genome Center at Howard University, Washington, DC., USA, Marjorie Gondré-Lewis, 12National Human Genome Center at Howard University, Washington, DC., USA 13Departments of Anatomy and Psychiatry, Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, DC US, Bruce Steinberg, 4Division of Applied Clinical Research and Education, Dominion Diagnostics, LLC, North Kingstown, RI, USA, Igor Elman, 15Department Psychiatry, Cooper University School of Medicine, Camden, NJ, USA, David Baron, 3Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Keck Medicine University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA, Edward J Modestino, 14Department of Psychology, Curry College, Milton, MA, USA, Rajendra D Badgaiyan, 15Department Psychiatry, Cooper University School of Medicine, Camden, NJ, USA, Mark S Gold 16Department of Psychiatry, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA, "Our evolved unique pleasure circuit makes humans different from apes: Reconsideration of data derived from animal studies", U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, 28 February 2018, accessed: 19 August 2020, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6446569/, R.S. | 9/26/21 |
3 - FW - Util v2Tournament: Barkley Forum for High Schools | Round: 1 | Opponent: Lexington AT | Judge: Sreyaash Das 1NC1Moral Realism is true – there is an ethical truth that exists metaphysically: a) otherwise we could not make moral claims since we would merely claim disagreement rather than an absolute wrong, justifying any ethical statement b) regressive moral debates always terminate in an endpoint of agreement, we just compare different values in an attempt to find the ultimate one.Synthetic a posteriori moral naturalism is the basis of realist ethics:A~ The normative supervenes on the natural – natural facts like whether brains develop to permit rationality or subjectivity determine whether non naturalist moral facts can be premised on things like capacity for reasonLutz and Lenman 18. Lutz, Matthew and Lenman, James, "Moral Naturalism", The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Fall 2018 Edition), Edward N. Zalta (ed.), URL = https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/fall2018/entries/naturalism-moral/. Massa AND , this is a heavy mark against non-naturalism (McPherson 2012). That outweighs other metaethical justifications– controversy prevents acting on moral laws, but lack of philosophical controversy on the correlation between moral and natural facts indicates naturalism guides action.B~ The problem of disagreement – resolving a priori conflicts requires indicting the epistemological basis of one’s judgement with a reliable process for deriving moral truths which is impossible given widespread moral disagreement about non verifiable a priori truth – grounding ethics with verifiable natural facts solveNext, phenomenal introspection can bridge the gap from experiential natural facts to moral truths and necessitates hedonism. When I observe a lemon’s yellowness shifting my visual fields from darker to lighter shades, I can introspect on that experience and identify brightness as an intrinsic property of seeing a lemon. Similarly, when I feel pleasure, I can introspect on the shift in hedonic tones and identify that goodness is an intrinsic property of the pleasure that was increased.This connection between pain and pleasure and phenomenal conceptions of intrinsic value and disvalue is irrefutable – everything else regresses – robust neuroscience proves.Blum et al. 18 Kenneth Blum, 1Department of Psychiatry, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Dayton VA Medical Center, Wright State University, Dayton, OH, USA 2Department of Psychiatry, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA 3Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Keck Medicine University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA 4Division of Applied Clinical Research and Education, Dominion Diagnostics, LLC, North Kingstown, RI, USA 5Department of Precision Medicine, Geneus Health LLC, San Antonio, TX, USA 6Department of Addiction Research and Therapy, Nupathways Inc., Innsbrook, MO, USA 7Department of Clinical Neurology, Path Foundation, New York, NY, USA 8Division of Neuroscience-Based Addiction Therapy, The Shores Treatment and Recovery Center, Port Saint Lucie, FL, USA 9Institute of Psychology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary 10Division of Addiction Research, Dominion Diagnostics, LLC. North Kingston, RI, USA 11Victory Nutrition International, Lederach, PA., USA 12National Human Genome Center at Howard University, Washington, DC., USA, Marjorie Gondré-Lewis, 12National Human Genome Center at Howard University, Washington, DC., USA 13Departments of Anatomy and Psychiatry, Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, DC US, Bruce Steinberg, 4Division of Applied Clinical Research and Education, Dominion Diagnostics, LLC, North Kingstown, RI, USA, Igor Elman, 15Department Psychiatry, Cooper University School of Medicine, Camden, NJ, USA, David Baron, 3Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Keck Medicine University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA, Edward J Modestino, 14Department of Psychology, Curry College, Milton, MA, USA, Rajendra D Badgaiyan, 15Department Psychiatry, Cooper University School of Medicine, Camden, NJ, USA, Mark S Gold 16Department of Psychiatry, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA, "Our evolved unique pleasure circuit makes humans different from apes: Reconsideration of data derived from animal studies", U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, 28 February 2018, accessed: 19 August 2020, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6446569/, R.S. AND these circuits contribute to diverse pathologies, including obesity and addiction or RDS. The Darwinian dilemma bridges the is ought gap and takes out their theory. Moral beliefs we hold shift as we evolve which means either moral facts have changed which contradicts moral realism or evolution has randomly just now led us to moral truth. The latter is statistically impossible since evolution doesn’t track morality – there is no pressure to identify moral truths that have no bearing on survival and reproduction.Hedonism escapes this dilemma through the byproduct hypothesis since natural selection proves the reliability of phenomenal introspection. When we introspect for survival on data from our eyes or ears, such as whether one sees or smells food or a predator, we use the same part of the brain that introspects on hedonic tones and identifies their moral relevance. The ability to correctly identify moral truths is evolutionarily advantageous if and only if that ability is a byproduct of a different trait that enables survival and reproduction.Thus, the standard is consistency with hedonic act utilitarianism. Prefer it:Short1~ Actor specificity –A~ Governments must aggregate because their policies benefit some and harm othersB~ No intent-foresight distinction for governments – deliberating over an action requires analysis of foreseen consequences which could be prevented which makes them intrinsic to state actionC~ Governments aren’t singular rational agents which makes theories about individuals irrelevant – only consequentialism solves by analyzing ends divorced from an actor2~ No act-omission distinction – governments are culpable for omissions cuz their purpose is to protect the constituency – otherwise they would have no obligation to make murder illegal. Actor spec o/w – different agents have different ethical standings that affect their obligations and considerations.3~ Extinction comes first – moral theories convergePummer 15 ~Theron, Junior Research Fellow in Philosophy at St. Anne's College, University of Oxford. "Moral Agreement on Saving the World" Practical Ethics, University of Oxford. May 18, 2015~ AT AND be acting very wrongly." (From chapter 36 of On What Matters) | 1/28/22 |
3 - FW - Util v3Tournament: Palm Classic | Round: 3 | Opponent: Strake Jesuit MSt | Judge: Yoyo Lei 2Evolution – only a naturalistic understanding of the world explains it.Lutz and Lenman 18. Lutz, Matthew and Lenman, James, "Moral Naturalism", The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Fall 2018 Edition), Edward N. Zalta (ed.), URL = https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/fall2018/entries/naturalism-moral/. Massa AND , instead, provide a deep vindication of those beliefs (Copp 2008). Next, naturalism demands empirical facts that are verified from science which only a theory of pain and pleasure can provide since there is a psychological groundingBlum et al. 18 Kenneth Blum, 1Department of Psychiatry, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Dayton VA Medical Center, Wright State University, Dayton, OH, USA 2Department of Psychiatry, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA 3Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Keck Medicine University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA 4Division of Applied Clinical Research and Education, Dominion Diagnostics, LLC, North Kingstown, RI, USA 5Department of Precision Medicine, Geneus Health LLC, San Antonio, TX, USA 6Department of Addiction Research and Therapy, Nupathways Inc., Innsbrook, MO, USA 7Department of Clinical Neurology, Path Foundation, New York, NY, USA 8Division of Neuroscience-Based Addiction Therapy, The Shores Treatment and Recovery Center, Port Saint Lucie, FL, USA 9Institute of Psychology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary 10Division of Addiction Research, Dominion Diagnostics, LLC. North Kingston, RI, USA 11Victory Nutrition International, Lederach, PA., USA 12National Human Genome Center at Howard University, Washington, DC., USA, Marjorie Gondré-Lewis, 12National Human Genome Center at Howard University, Washington, DC., USA 13Departments of Anatomy and Psychiatry, Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, DC US, Bruce Steinberg, 4Division of Applied Clinical Research and Education, Dominion Diagnostics, LLC, North Kingstown, RI, USA, Igor Elman, 15Department Psychiatry, Cooper University School of Medicine, Camden, NJ, USA, David Baron, 3Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Keck Medicine University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA, Edward J Modestino, 14Department of Psychology, Curry College, Milton, MA, USA, Rajendra D Badgaiyan, 15Department Psychiatry, Cooper University School of Medicine, Camden, NJ, USA, Mark S Gold 16Department of Psychiatry, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA, "Our evolved unique pleasure circuit makes humans different from apes: Reconsideration of data derived from animal studies", U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, 28 February 2018, accessed: 19 August 2020, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6446569/, R.S. AND these circuits contribute to diverse pathologies, including obesity and addiction or RDS. Thus, the standard is consistency with hedonic act utilitarianism. Prefer –1~ Death is the worst evilPaterson 03 – Department of Philosophy, Providence College, Rhode Island. (Craig, "A Life Not Worth Living?", Studies in Christian Ethics, http://sce.sagepub.com) AND the person, the very source and condition of all human possibility.82 Err aff on the risk life is goodPaterson 03 – Department of Philosophy, Providence College, Rhode Island. (Craig, "A Life Not Worth Living?", Studies in Christian Ethics, http://sce.sagepub.com) AND radical uncertainty that cannot function as a useful ground for objective rational choice. People should have the choice between life and deathPaterson 03 – Department of Philosophy, Providence College, Rhode Island. (Craig, "A Life Not Worth Living?", Studies in Christian Ethics, http://sce.sagepub.com) AND is essentially left up to the individual to determine for himself or herself. 2~ Actor specificity –A~ Aggregation – every policy benefits some and harms others, the only way to resolve tradeoffs is to value everyone equally and calculate net goodB~ No intent-foresight distinction – if we foresee a consequence, then it becomes part of our deliberation which makes it intrinsic to our action since we intend it to happen – for example, if I throw my timer at your face and it hurts you, I am culpable for that since I could foresee the consequence.3~ Lexical pre-requisite – threats to bodily security preclude the ability for moral actors to effectively act upon other moral theories since they are in a constant state of crisis that inhibits the ideal moral conditions which other theories presuppose4~ Only consequentialism explains degrees of wrongness—if I break a promise to meet up for lunch, that is not as bad as breaking a promise to take a dying person to the hospital. Only the consequences of breaking the promise explain why the second one is much worse than the first.5~ Substitutability—only consequentialism explains necessary enablers.Sinnott-Armstrong 92 ~Walter, professor of practical ethics. "An Argument for Consequentialism" Dartmouth College Philosophical Perspectives. 1992.~ AND explain moral substitutability if it claims that properties like this provide moral reasons. 6~ Extinction comes first – moral theories convergePummer 15 ~Theron, Junior Research Fellow in Philosophy at St. Anne's College, University of Oxford. "Moral Agreement on Saving the World" Practical Ethics, University of Oxford. May 18, 2015~ AT AND be acting very wrongly." (From chapter 36 of On What Matters) | 2/13/22 |
JF - CP - AfricaTournament: Barkley Forum for High Schools | Round: Octas | Opponent: Sage MP | Judge: Dylan Jones, Madeleine Conrad-Mogin, David Kilpatrick 5CP: Private entities should not appropriate outer space via Large Satellite Constellations in Lower Earth Orbit except for African private entities. African private entities should significantly invest in Large Satellite Constellations in Lower Earth Orbit and the states should fund it. African governments should significantly subsidize African private entities involved in the appropriation of outer space via Large Satellite Constellations in Lower Earth Orbit. LEO is uniquely accessible to African industry due to cheaper launch and production costs – that solves Earth Observation, internet, national security, and spills over to enrich the economySamanga 21 Ruvimbo Samanga, Zimbabwean scholar and lawyer working with the Space Law and Policy, holds a BA Law (cum laude), an LLB and an LLM in International Trade and Investment Law from the University of Pretoria. "Why Africa Should Expand its Mega-Satellite Constellation Capacity." Space Legal Issues, 3 May. 2021, www.spacelegalissues.com/why-africa-should-expand-its-mega-satellite-constellation-capacity. AND towards increase of space and satellite capacity in an affordable and beneficial manner. Yes private companies key and coming now – over 283, launching soon, but keeping barriers low keyBailey 21 Stephanie Bailey, Business. "Why Africa is sending more satellites into space." CNN, October 6, 2021, www.cnn.com/2021/09/21/business/african-satellites-spc-intl/index.html. AND and prosperity of your country and your region in the years to come." LEO Earth Science Observation Satellites uniquely solve a host of environmental threats – pollution, climate change, biod, defo, soil erosionUstin and Middleton 20 Ustin, S.L. ~John Muir Institute of the Environment, University of California, Davis~ , Middleton, E.M ~NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center (Emerita)~. Current and near-term advances in Earth observation for ecological applications. Ecol Process 10, 1 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1186/s13717-020-00255-4 AND conditions have developed from past environmental drivers in order to predict future conditions. Instability causes global warMead 13 – (Walter Russell, Foreign Affairs Prof @ Bard, "Peace In The Congo? Why The World Should Care", American Interest; http://www.the-american-interest.com/2013/12/15/peace-in-the-congo-why-the-world-should-care/) AND are willing to provide the security guarantees and deterrents that prevent mass mayhem. 1AR theory is skewed towards the aff – a) the 2NR must cover substance and over-cover theory, since they get the collapse and persuasive spin advantage of the 3min 2AR, b) their responses to my counter interp will be new, which means 1AR theory necessitates intervention. Implications – a) reject 1AR theory since it can’t be a legitimate check for abuse, b) drop the arg to minimize the chance the round is decided unfairly, c) use reasonability with a bar of defense or the aff always wins since the 2AR can line by line the whole 2NR without winning real abuse | 2/5/22 |
JF - CP - Antineutrinos and SatellitesTournament: California Round Robin | Round: 2 | Opponent: Diamond Bar NC | Judge: Gabriel Morbeck, Claudia Ribera 2CP:Private entities ought to place 250 Earth Observation satellites in Geostationary Orbit and replace those satellites upon removal or destructionStates ought to place antineutrino detectors, streaming live data to and monitored by the International Atomic Energy Agency, within 10 meters of all nuclear reactors.Solves stationary EO – continued observationNESDIS n.d. "Geostationary Satellites" https://www.nesdis.noaa.gov/current-satellite-missions/currently-flying/geostationary-satellites TG AND geographic regions so they can provide continuous coverage of that area over time. That’s the internal link in Hamill – we inserted the key linesLunar Basing solves Earth Observatory – specifically Super-Volcanoes and Arctic Aviation. AND of time (hours, rather than seconds for a satellite in LEO). EO sats observe and solveAlonso 18 ~(Elisa Jiménez, communications consultant with Acclimatise, climate resilience organization) "Earth Observation of Increasing Importance for Climate Change Adaptation," Acclimatise, May 2, 2018, https://www.acclimatise.uk.com/2018/05/02/earth-observation-of-increasing-importance-for-climate-change-adaptation/~~ TDI AND a lack of climate data are often particularly vulnerable to climate change impacts. Their preempts form the Ding ev:1~ Replacement solves longevity2~ Stationary observation solves long term trands3~ Large quantity of sats allow universal coverage in all conditionsThe second plank solves Neutrinos – the technology already exists, it just needs to be implementedScoles 20, Sarah. "Neutrino Detectors Could Be Used to Spot Nuclear Rogues" Wired, Oct 6, 2020, https://www.wired.com/story/neutrino-detectors-could-be-used-to-spot-nuclear-rogues/ TG AND dozens of miles away, revealing its activities without being right next door. That solves prolif detection and is a sufficient distance – we’ve inserted lines they highlighted in 1AC Lee – it also concedes squo solves cuz the existence of the tech is a deterrent which is a reason to negate on presumptionThe neutrino detection technology could offer a solution. 1AR theory is skewed towards the aff – a) the 2NR must cover substance and over-cover theory, since they get the collapse and persuasive spin advantage of the 3min 2AR, b) their responses to my counter interp will be new, which means 1AR theory necessitates intervention. Implications – a) reject 1AR theory since it can’t be a legitimate check for abuse, b) drop the arg to minimize the chance the round is decided unfairly, c) use reasonability with a bar of defense or the aff always wins since the 2AR can line by line the whole 2NR without winning real abuseCondo’s good – a) prep skew – they’re more familiar with the aff so I need to be able to leverage multiple forms of prep, b) reciprocity – no condo means every perm becomes a no risk issue which creates NIBs to ballot access | 2/18/22 |
JF - CP - Artemis AccordsTournament: Palm Classic | Round: Quarters | Opponent: Immaculate Heart JL | Judge: Ben Erdmann, Dhruv Ahuja, James Stuckert 1CP:The Russian Federation ought to become a signatory of the Artemis Accords.The People’s Republic of China ought tobecome a signatory of the Artemis Accords,end all space cooperation with the Russian Federation, andend all space projects outside the scope of Artemis Accords.The United States ought to designate an exception to the Wolf Amendment to enable bilateral cooperation on space projects.David 21 "Can the U.S. and China Cooperate in Space?" LEONARD DAVID AUGUST 02, 2021 https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/can-the-u-s-and-china-cooperate-in-space/ SM AND Arab Emirates, the U.K. and the U.S. It’s competitiveNelson 20 "The Artemis Accords and the Future of International Space Law" Jack Wright Nelson ~Jack Wright Nelson is a Research Associate at the Faculty of Law of the National University of Singapore and a Member of the International Institute of Space Law. The author is grateful to the Faculty's Centre for Banking and Finance Law for supporting his ongoing research.~, December 10, 2020 https://www.asil.org/insights/volume/24/issue/31/artemis-accords-and-future-international-space-law SM AND , and there shall be free access to all areas of celestial bodies. Sino Russian absence decks Artemis credibility.Jhaveri 20 "Launching for Gold: The Artemis Accords and the Legality of Extraterrestrial Mining" KUNAL JHAVERI 2020 http://www.mjilonline.org/launching-for-gold-the-artemis-accords-and-the-legality-of-extraterrestrial-mining/ SM AND Accords’ interpretation is unlikely to become the universal standard in the near future. Resolves the Sino-Russia coop advantage and preserves US dominance – functionally surrenders the space race which de-escalates conflict.WHITTINGTON 21 "The new race to the moon: the Artemis Alliance vs. the Sino-Russian Axis" 3/28/21 MARK WHITTINGTON https://thehill.com/opinion/technology/545280-the-new-race-to-the-moon-the-artemis-alliance-vs-the-sino-russian-axis SM AND that the Third World War might start on the moon with catastrophic consequences. Artemis Accords establish Lunar Governance which stops resource conflicts.Elvis et al 21 Elvis, Martin, Alanna Krolikowski, and Tony Milligan. "Concentrated lunar resources: imminent implications for governance and justice." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A 379.2188 (2021): 20190563. Elmer AND to, the strategically valuable locations where lunar resources happen to be concentrated. Military escalation from Lunar Conflicts – draw-in now due to Military interests.David 21 Leonard David 12-6-2021 "Military interest in the moon is ramping up" https://www.space.com/military-interest-moon-cislunar-space (Leonard David is an award-winning space journalist who has been reporting on space activities for more than 50 years. Currently writing as Space.com's Space Insider Columnist among his other projects, Leonard has authored numerous books on space exploration, Mars missions and more, with his latest being "Moon Rush: The New Space Race" published in 2019 by National Geographic.)Elmer AND The way to do that could be more affordable now," Godwin said. Space war goes nuclear.Johnson-Freese 17 Joan Johnson-Freese, Professor and chair of space science and technology @ Naval War College, 17, Space Warfare in the 21st Century, Routledge, ISBN 978131552917, p 18-20. AND it is in the adversary’s interest to launch a preemptive nuclear strike.94 | 2/18/22 |
JF - CP - Asia DisastersTournament: California Invitational Berkeley Debate | Round: 3 | Opponent: Southlake Carroll PK | Judge: Emmiee Malyugina 4Counterplan: Private entities in Asia ought to invest in Large Satellite Constellations in Lower Earth Orbit for the purposes of emergency communications in the event of disaster relief or external shocks.All other private entities except for those in Asia for that purpose ought not appropriate outer space via Large Satellite Constellations in Lower Earth Orbit. Space X, one web, google, amazon, ought not appropriate outer space via Large Satellite Constellations in Lower Earth OrbitPrivate LEO constellations are economically viable in the long term, but require upfront investment – those uniquely solve disaster response because of satellite internet’s connectivity options for island countriesGarrity and Husar 21 Garrity, John, and Arndt Husar. John Garrity is an economist, policy advisor, and project manager focusing on digital inclusion, universal internet access policy, and last-mile connectivity. He has coauthored numerous reports on technology and development and has presented around the world on efforts to close the digital divide. Arndt Husar facilitates the effective use of digital technology, advising ADB clients, regional departments, as well as sector and thematic groups on digital transformation. " Digital Connectivity and Low Earth Orbit Satellite Constellations: Opportunities for Asia and the Pacific." (2021). AND players such as AsiaSat, Thaicom, MEASAT, and SKY Perfect JSAT. The Asia-Pacific is the most disaster-prone region in the world – the next catastrophe is a question of when, not ifThomas Bickford et al 15, Ph.D., senior research scientist in CNA Corporation’s China Studies division, "The Role of the U.S. Army in Asia," May, https://www.cna.org/CNA'files/PDF/CRM-2015-U-010431-Final.pdf AND international assistance, as Japan did after the March 2011 earthquake and tsunami. Disasters are an existential threat—-it’s try or die for response and coordination.Frederick Tipson 13, adviser to the USIP Center of Innovation on Science, Technology, and Peacebuilding whose career has included positions in the UN Development Programme, Microsoft, Hongkong Telecom, ATandT, the Markle Foundation, the Senate Foreign Relations Committee, and the University of Virginia Law School, BA in History from Stanford, MA in IR from Yale, PhD and JD from UVA, "Natural Disasters as Threats to Peace", 2013, United States Institute of Peace, https://www.usip.org/sites/default/files/resources/Natural20Disasters20as20Threats20to20Peace20SR324.pdf hhb AND may soon come to dwarf any of the threats posed by mere mortals. | 2/20/22 |
JF - CP - CiccoTournament: California Round Robin | Round: 2 | Opponent: Diamond Bar NC | Judge: Gabriel Morbeck, Claudia Ribera 3CP: The Supreme Court of the United States should request and accept an appeal for the case LAURA MURRAY CICCO, v. NATIONAL AERONAUTICS and SPACE ADMINISTRATION, and rule in favor of Cicco, on the basis of the ban on national appropriation in the Outer Space Treaty and the common law property rights regime. Relevant Courts should uphold this precedent.Except for the appropriation of one vial of moon dust by Laura Murray Cicco, private entities should not appropriate lunar heritage sites.Ruling in favor of Cicco realigns the US with the OST.Chow 18 "Woman says Neil Armstrong gave her moon dust. She's suing NASA to keep it." June 14, 2018 Denise Chow https://www.nbcnews.com/mach/science/woman-says-neil-armstrong-gave-her-moon-dust-she-s-ncna883116 SM AND it, so there’s some kind of tolerance of violation of international law." Lunar basing isn’t prohibited under this interpretation of the OST and isn’t seen as appropriation as long as it doesn’t constitute sovereign control – means credible OST encourages peaceful collaboration for lunar research which turns the affOST, "Outer Space Treaty," United Nations Office for Outer Space Affairs, https://www.unoosa.org/oosa/en/ourwork/spacelaw/treaties/outerspacetreaty.html mvp mvp AND and States shall facilitate and encourage international co-operation in such investigation. Exemptions from the OST endangers the credibility of the entire treaty.Hickman and Dolman 2 John Hickman and Everett Dolman Volume 21 Number 1 2002 "Resurrecting the Space Age: A State–Centered Commentary on the Outer Space Regime" (associate professor in the Department of Government and International Studies at Berry College in Mt. Berry)Elmer AND rushes to stake claims for territory sovereignty in other celestial bodies might follow. Violations cause credibility spirals.Jha 17 "US lawmakers seek review of Outer Space Treaty amid competition from India, China" May 26, 2017 Lalit K. Jha https://www.livemint.com/Science/6uxgbhcNcRfBtbWyq63wTO/US-lawmakers-seek-review-of-Outer-Space-Treaty-amid-competit.html SM AND them, insist on them doing the same for us," Schaefer said. Credible OST solves Space War.Johnson 17 Christopher Johnson 1-23-2017 "The Outer Space Treaty at 50" , http://thespacereview.com/article/3155/1 (graduate of Leiden University’s International Institute of Air and Space Law and the International Space University)Elmer AND are the rich long-term gains resulting from the Outer Space Treaty. Space war goes nuclear.Johnson-Freese 17 Joan Johnson-Freese, Professor and chair of space science and technology @ Naval War College, 17, Space Warfare in the 21st Century, Routledge, ISBN 978131552917, p 18-20. AND it is in the adversary’s interest to launch a preemptive nuclear strike.94 PICs are good – a) strat skew – they’ve had more time to prep the aff so I need to be able to test it from diff angles, b) they chose to put it in the aff and should be held accountableReject multiple 1AR shells – it moots 1NC topic ed and splits the 2NR multiple ways while the 2AR can collapse to the most undercovered shell or substance - topic ed o/w since we only have a few months for it | 2/18/22 |
JF - CP - CryptoTournament: National Debate Coaches Association National Championships | Round: 1 | Opponent: Notre Dame AG | Judge: Madeleine Conrad-Mogin NC – CPThe Islamic Republic of Iran creating significant subsidies for private entites to create terrestrially accessible blockchain verification computing centers and cryptocurrency mining centers on the Moon is just. The appropriation of outer space by private entities in the The Islamic Republic of Iran for all other purposes is unjust.The plan would destroy the basic value of crypto by making property rights reliant on government approval, which nukes adoption and value – appropriation is keyRule and LeClair 21 ~Dylan LeClair And Sam Rule Bitcoin Magazine. "Bitcoin’s Private Property Rights." https://www.nasdaq.com/articles/bitcoins-private-property-rights-2021-09-28~~ AND also find some of the key regions where bitcoin is making its mark. Climate-motivated terrestrial mining regulations kill crypto now – those don’t get applied to space because of unique environments – that saves crypto with sufficient private investmentGreene 21 Greene, Tristan. Tristan covers human-centric artificial intelligence advances, quantum computing, STEM, Spiderman, physics, and space stuff. As far as I can tell his highest level of education was that he was in the Navy for a while. "What happens to Bitcoin when billionaires build cryptocurrency miners on the Moon?" TNW | Hardfork, 8 June 2021, thenextweb.com/news/bitcoin-billionaires-build-cryptocurrency-miners-on-moon-bitcoin. AND new green mining technology, may be moving the cryptocurrency industry to space. Cryptocurrency reach a wide rollout—-that builds resilience to survive inevitable existential filters.Alex McShane 21, Writer and Head of Video for Bitcoin Magazine, BA from the University of Iowa, Degree from the University College Dublin, Degree from Kirkwood Community College, "Bitcoin and Existential Risk", Bitcoin Magazine, 9/5/2021, https://bitcoinmagazine.com/culture/bitcoin-and-existential-risk-alex-mcshane AND change is to exit fiat currency, it is to use Bitcoin instead. | 4/9/22 |
JF - CP - Global Con ConTournament: debateLA Challenge | Round: 2 | Opponent: Strath Haven AM | Judge: Danielle Dosch, Truman Le 3States ought to call a global constitutional convention and establish a constitution reflecting intergenerational concern with exclusive authority to ban private space tourism and bind participating bodies to its resultThat solves the aff – it addresses shared anxieties while building political consensusGardiner 14 1 ~Stephen M. Gardiner, Professor of Philosophy and Ben Rabinowitz Endowed Professor of Human Dimensions of the Environment at the University of Washington, Seattle, "A Call for a Global Constitutional Convention Focused on Future Generations," 2014, Ethics and International Affairs, Vol. 28, Issue 3, pp. 299-315, https://doi.org/10.1017/S0892679414000379, EA~ AND do better, would be a central issue for discussion by the convention. It spills over to foster broader intergenerational representation, but independence is keyGardiner 14 2 ~Stephen M. Gardiner, Professor of Philosophy and Ben Rabinowitz Endowed Professor of Human Dimensions of the Environment at the University of Washington, Seattle, "A Call for a Global Constitutional Convention Focused on Future Generations," 2014, Ethics and International Affairs, Vol. 28, Issue 3, pp. 299-315, https://doi.org/10.1017/S0892679414000379, EA~ AND waste) but also the need to identify similar threats before they arise. Proactive measures mitigate a laundry list of emerging catastrophic risks – extinctionBeckstead et al. 14 ~Nick Beckstead, Nick Bostrom, Niel Bowerman, Owen Cotton-Barratt, William MacAskill, Seán Ó hÉigeartaigh, Toby Ord, * Future of Humanity Institute, University of Oxford, Director, Future of Humanity Institute, University of Oxford, * Global Priorities Project, Centre for Effective Altruism; Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Global Priorities Project, Centre for Effective Altruism; Future of Humanity Institute, University of Oxford, * Uehiro Centre for Practical Ethics, University of Oxford, Cambridge Centre for the Study of Existential Risk; Future of Humanity Institute, University of Oxford, * Programme on the Impacts of Future Technology, Oxford Martin School, University of Oxford, "Policy Brief: Unprecedented Technological Risks," 2014, The Global Priorities Project, The Future of Humanity Institute, The Oxford Martin Programme on the Impacts of Future Technology, and The Centre for the Study of Existential Risk, https://www.fhi.ox.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/Unprecedented-Technological-Risks.pdf, Accessed: 03/13/21, EA~ AND in the near future, even if no such breakthroughs currently appear imminent. Maintaining sustainable use of outer space is key to future generationsIslam 18 ~Mohammad Saiful Islam, Mohammad works for the Institute of Advanced Judicial Studies and the Beijing Institute of Technology. 4-27-2018, "The Sustainable Use of Outer Space: Complications and Legal Challenges to the Peaceful Uses and Benefit of Humankind," Beijing Law Review, https://www.scirp.org/journal/paperinformation.aspx?paperid=85201 accessed 12/12/21~ Adam AND over-exploitation of resources and environmental havoc (Fountain, 2002) . | 2/5/22 |
JF - CP - He3Tournament: Tournament of Champions | Round: 6 | Opponent: Proof DR | Judge: Danielle Dosch 1NC—CPCP: Private entities ought not appropriate lunar heritage sites, except for the appropriation of lunar heritage sites in the Sea of Tranquility by helium-3 mining. States ought to clarify that the lunar mining of helium-3 is permissible under the Outer Space Treaty.It’s a heritage site – 1AC Fessl ev talks specifically about the Tranquility base and lunar landing sites as protected sitesVillanueva 10 "Sea of Tranquility" JANUARY 14, 2010, JOHN CARL VILLANUEVA https://www.universetoday.com/50525/sea-of-tranquility/ SM AND word that means ‘seas’, these maria don’t have water in them. Site classification uncertainty kills investment in He-3 mining.Bilder 09 "A Legal Regime for the Mining of Helium-3 on the Moon: U.S. Policy Options" Richard B. Bilder ~Foley and Lardner-Bascom Emeritus Professor of Law, University of Wisconsin Law School.~ 10/8/2009 https://media.law.wisc.edu/m/wndnj/bilder1489273mining'helium-3ftns.pdf SM AND for Senate ratification of the Agreement at any time soon may remain uncertain. Especially since the most precise and formal delineation of heritage site borders is this blurry NASA screenshothttps://moon.nasa.gov/resources/53/lunar-heritage-sites/ Mining on heritage sites lets us skip in the research project with human-obtained samples – that’s preferable to generic sites.Glass 92 "Lunar Site Characterization and Mining" Charles E. Glass ~registered professional geological engineer in the State of Arizona, this is from a NASA edited paper~ 1992 https://space.nss.org/settlement/nasa/spaceresvol3/lscam1.htm SM AND appraisal would be a promising first step toward obtaining the needed site detail. Tranquility mining is key – it has the highest known density of He-3.O’Reilly 16 LUNAR EXPLORATION FOR HE-3 Bryan O’Reilly The Ohio State University 2016 https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/159567253.pdf SM AND large He-3 concentrations (e.g. Schmitt, 2006). Only mining at Tranquility sites is economically feasible and profitable – it’s the only location with enough data to be categorized as a measured resource.Schmidt 06 "Return to the Moon exploration, enterprise, and energy in the human settlement of space" Harrison Schmidt ~an American geologist, retired NASA astronaut, university professor, former U.S. senator from New Mexico, and the most recent person living, and only civilian to have walked on the Moon. Schmitt is the last surviving crew member of Apollo 17~ https://www.amazon.com/Return-Moon-Exploration-Enterprise-Settlement/dp/0387242856 SM AND least 3 meters and probably to the base of the regolith.10° Helium-3 fusion possible now—Solves warming and energy infrastructure reliabilityWhittington 21 (Mark, contributor to the Hill. "Solving the climate and energy crises: Mine the Moon's helium-3?"https://thehill.com/opinion/technology/540856-solving-the-climate-and-energy-crises-mine-the-moons-helium-3 February 28, 2021)DR 22 AND could be the singular benefit for expanding human activity to Earth’s nearest neighbor. Extinction from energy collapseGreene 19 ~Sherrell R. Greene Mr. Greene received his B.S. and M.S. degrees in Nuclear Engineering from the University of Tennessee. He is a recognized subject matter expert in nuclear reactor safety, nuclear fuel cycle technologies, and advanced reactor concept development. Mr. Greene is widely acclaimed for his systems analysis, team building, innovation, knowledge organization, presentation, and technical communication skills. Mr. Greene worked at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) for over three decades. During his career at ORNL, he served as Director of Research Reactor Development Programs and Director of Nuclear Technology Programs. . "Enhancing Electric Grid, Critical Infrastructure, and Societal Resilience with Resilient Nuclear Power Plants (rNPPs)." https://ans.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/00295450.2018.1505357?needAccess=true edited for ableist language in brackets~~~ AND simultaneously, and with or without coordinated physical attacks on Critical Infrastructure assets. Extinction from warming—feedback loops bypass defenseNg ’19 ~Yew-Kwang; May 2019; Professor of Economics at Nanyang Technology University, Fellow of the Academy of Social Sciences in Australia and Member of the Advisory Board at the Global Priorities Institute at Oxford University, Ph.D. in Economics from Sydney University; Global Policy, "Keynote: Global Extinction and Animal Welfare: Two Priorities for Effective Altruism," vol. 10, no. 2, p. 258-266~ AND the whole world is more important to avoid by literally a trillion times. 1AR theory is skewed towards the aff – a) the 2NR must cover substance and over-cover theory, since they get the collapse and persuasive spin advantage of the 3min 2AR, b) their responses to my counter interp will be new, which means 1AR theory necessitates intervention. Implications – a) reject 1AR theory since it can’t be a legitimate check for abuse, b) drop the arg to minimize the chance the round is decided unfairly, c) use reasonability with a bar of defense or the aff always wins since the 2AR can line by line the whole 2NR without winning real abuse | 4/24/22 |
JF - CP - HotelsTournament: debateLA Challenge | Round: 6 | Opponent: Strath Haven AM | Judge: Rodrigo Paramo, Derek Hilligoss 3CP: States ought to ban the appropriation of outer space by private entities for private space tourism with the exception of space hotels and stations.Solves entirety Space Tourism makes low-gravity research accessible which results in critical physiological science innovation.Caplan and Lindsay 17 Nick Caplan and Kirsty Lindsay 7-29-2017 "Space Tourism Could Help Boost Science and Health Research — Here's How" https://www.space.com/37503-space-tourism-could-help-boost-science-health-research.html (Nick graduated from the University of Birmingham with a PhD in Biomechanics)Elmer AND the speed of human physiological discoveries in space? We certainly think so. Physiology key to manage new Diseases.APS 20 5-21-2020 "How Physiologists Are Helping Patients Recover from COVID-19" https://ispyphysiology.com/2020/05/21/how-physiologists-are-helping-patients-recover-from-covid-19/ (American Physiology Society)Elmer AND to best use these medicines and devices to treat COVID-19 patients. Future pandemics cause extinctionDiamandis 21 ~Eleftheriosi, biochemist specializing in clinical chemistry, Prof and Head of Clinical Biochemistry in the Dept of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology at the University of Toronto~ "The Mother of All Battles: Viruses vs Humans. Can Humans Avoid Extinction in 50-100 Years?" Preprints, April 13, 2021, https://www.preprints.org/manuscript/202104.0397/v1 TG AND will trigger preventative measures that could reverse or delay the projected adverse outcomes. Viruses evolve past countermeasures – increased transmission and lethality – delta and omicron proveDiamandis 21 ~Eleftheriosi, biochemist specializing in clinical chemistry, Prof and Head of Clinical Biochemistry in the Dept of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology at the University of Toronto~ "The Mother of All Battles: Viruses vs Humans. Can Humans Avoid Extinction in 50-100 Years?" Preprints, April 13, 2021, https://www.preprints.org/manuscript/202104.0397/v1 TG AND strengthening the ability of the virus to enter the cells via surface receptors. | 1/15/22 |
JF - CP - Large SatellitesTournament: debateLA Challenge | Round: 3 | Opponent: Harvard Westlake IC | Judge: Chris Theis, Rodrigo Paramo 1CP: The appropriation of outer space by private entities except for Large Satellite Constellations in Lower Earth Orbit is unjust.Terrestrial Internet Cables are vulnerable now – risks access.Griffiths 19 James Griffiths 7-26-2019 "The global internet is powered by vast undersea cables. But they’re vulnerable." https://www.cnn.com/2019/07/25/asia/internet-undersea-cables-intl-hnk/index.html (CNN Analyst)ELmer AND . "You’d be focusing on the hardest aspect of disrupting a network." Mega-constellations provide fast, affordable internet that bridges digital divide – independently, competition lowers prices across the board.Novo 21 Paula Novo 3-31-2021 "Will Starlink Change the Internet?' https://www.highspeedoptions.com/resources/insights/will-starlink-change-the-internet (With over four years of broadband experience, Paula Novo is the Site Editor and Senior Writer for HighSpeedOptions. She has helped develop the criterion by which HighSpeedOptions reviews and recommends internet service providers, striving to simplify and guide the user’s decision toward the best communications services. Paula also leads HighSpeedOptions coverage of the digital divide, ISP reviews, and broadband policy.)Elmer AND Starlink has the potential to help offset poverty where many governments have failed. It's comparably faster than current competitors.Lumanlan 21 August Dominic M Lumanlan 8-14-2021 "How Elon Musk’s Starlink will be the future of the Internet" https://medium.com/@augustlumanlan2017/how-spacexs-starlink-will-be-the-future-of-the-internet-8f07adb4eb2 (Engineering Author)Elmer AND wish, as long as you have a ground Starlink dish with you. Internet solves extinctionEagleman 10 ~David Eagleman is a neuroscientist at Baylor College of Medicine, where he directs the Laboratory for Perception and Action and the Initiative on Neuroscience and Law and author of Sum (Canongate). Nov. 9, 2010, " Six ways the internet will save civilization," AND to suggest that the net may just be the technology that saves us. Independently, Starlink bridges the Splinternet – that solves Fake News and Disinformation propagated from censorship – affordable, un-blockable, and accessible internet is key.Koetsier 20 John Koetsier 1-9-2020 "Elon Musk's 42,000 StarLink Satellites Could Just Save the World" https://archive.is/K6Lq0~~#selection-3087.0-3131.123 (I've been a journalist, analyst, and corporate executive, and have chronicled the rise of the mobile economy. I built the VB Insight research team at VentureBeat)Elmer AND are opportunities for different perspectives and, hopefully, true facts to emerge. Fake News is an existential threat – hurts global cooperation on every significant issue and results in geopolitical conflict spirals.Al-Rodhan 17 Nayef Al-Rodhan 6-7-2017 "Post-Truth Politics, the Fifth Estate and the Securitization of Fake News" https://www.globalpolicyjournal.com/blog/07/06/2017/post-truth-politics-fifth-estate-and-securitization-fake-news (Prof Nayef Al-Rodhan is an Honorary Fellow at St Antony’s College, University of Oxford, and Senior Fellow and Head of the Geopolitics and Global Futures Programme at the Geneva Centre for Security Policy)Elmer AND candidate can, quite unequivocally, impact the future of the liberal order. Starlink solves internet monopoliesKrow 21 Krow, A. (2021, February 27). Will Starlink disrupt spectrum’s internet provider monopoly? Medium. https://medium.com/technology-hits/will-starlink-disrupt-spectrums-internet-provider-monopoly-c3b33d20be11 (Teacher. Writer. Future Author. Aspiring Linguist. Progressive Voter. Twitter @ajkrow'writer.) Aadit AND want something other than Spectrum or Charter, Starlink will be the answer. | 1/13/22 |
JF - CP - Lunar BaseTournament: Golden Desert Debate Tournament at UNLV | Round: 2 | Opponent: Immaculate Heart RR | Judge: Vanessa Nyguen 1CP: Ukraine should:Increase private and civilian entity cooperation with the Russian Federation over a joint lunar base.Ban all other appropriation of outer space by private entities in Ukraine.The CP solves Ukraine-Russian relations that cement interdependence preventing conflict AND saves Russia’s Economy.Beldavs 14 Vid Beldavs 8-25-2014 "An outer space solution to the Russia-Ukraine conflict" https://www.thespacereview.com/article/2582/1 (Writer at the Space Review)Elmer AND of the world. Stop the stupid war. Build the Moon base. Russian Economic Decline causes Nuclear War.Dr. Benjamin Ståhl 15, CEO of the Blue Institute, PhD in Business Studies and Economics from Uppsala University, MA in International Relations from the University of Kent, and Johan Wiktorin, Founder and CEO of the Intelligence Company Brqthrough, Licensed Master of Competitive Intelligence and Former Member of the Swedish Armed Forces, "What’s At Stake?: A Geopolitical Perspective on the Swedish Economic Exposure in Northeast Europe", Swedish Growth Barometer, 7/1/2015, https://blueinst.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/whats-at-stake'geopolitical-perspective.pdf AND using the nuclear weapons is, however, completely excluded in this scenario. | 2/5/22 |
JF - CP - MiningTournament: Palm Classic | Round: 5 | Opponent: Harker MK | Judge: Gerard Grigsby 3CP: Regulation of mining, including increased safety measures, requirements, increased multilateral approach with cooperation, and stronger guidance for the prevention of excess debris, is just.Soles the entire aff Commercial mining solves extinction from scarcity, climate, terror, war, and disease.Pelton 17—(Director Emeritus of the Space and Advanced Communications Research Institute at George Washington University, PHD in IR from Georgetown).. Pelton, Joseph N. 2017. The New Gold Rush: The Riches of Space Beckon! Springer. Accessed 8/30/19. Resource scarcity coming now and causes extinction—asteroid mining is the only way to solveCrombrugghe 18 – Guerric, Business Development Manager Brussels, Brussels Capital Region, "Asteroid mining as a necessary answer to mineral scarcity", LinkedIn, 1/11/2018, https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/asteroid-mining-necessary-answer-mineral-scarcity-de-crombrugghe Resource Shortages Exacerbate ConflictWingo 13 - Dennis Wingo, Former CTO of the Orbital Recovery Corporation, Founder and CEO of Skycorp Inc, and Greentrail Energy Inc., Co-Founder and CTO of Orbital Recovery Inc. Leader of NASA's the Lunar Orbiter Image Recovery Project (LOIRP), First in history to rescue and operate a spacecraft (ISEE-3) in interplanetary space, and University of Alabama in Huntsville Consortium for Materials Development in Space Researcher At University of Alabama in Huntsville Consortium for Materials Development in Space "Commentary | The Inevitability of Extraterrestrial Mining", Space News, 7/29/2013, https://spacenews.com/36511the-inevitability-of-extraterrestrial-mining/ Those Conflicts go NuclearKlare 13 – Michael T., professor emeritus of peace and world-security studies at Hampshire College and senior visiting fellow at the Arms Control Association in Washington, DC, " How Resource Scarcity and Climate Change Could Produce a Global Explosion", The Nation, 4/22/2013, https://www.thenation.com/article/how-resource-scarcity-and-climate-change-could-produce-global-explosion/ JHW | 2/13/22 |
JF - CP - Nuke AliensTournament: Peninsula Invitational | Round: Quarters | Opponent: Immaculate Heart RR | Judge: Kabir Dubey, Anish Ramireddy, Darin Park CPThe US should first strike aliens (was extempted in speech)CP text: The appropriation of outer space for the Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence by private entities is unjust except for military purposes.US should prepare nukes in conjunction with private companies, ie starlink partnerships, to combat aliens.Space militarism are k2 to deter extraterrestrial civilizations that will pre-emptively wipe us out us if we appear unable to defend ourselves —extinctionKorhonen 2013 (Janne M. Korhonen, post-doctoral Researcher at Aalto University, DF Research Wing, Betonimiehenkuja Finland. PhD in Organization Science and Masters in Science (Tech and mechanical engineering) from Aalto University. "MAD with aliens? Interstellar deterrence and its implications" in Acta Astronautica Volume 86, May–June 2013, Pages 201-210)DR 18 AND , the study also advises caution in the design of interstellar exploratory missions. Only that’s sufficient to repel an alien invasionPatel 16 (Neel V. Patel science and tech writer at Inverse. MA in journalism in New York University’s master’s program Science, Health, and Environmental Reporting Program in NYU. BS in Biological science from Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University. Internally citing aeronautics engineer Bong Wie of Iowa State University, one of the only 30 people to receive proposals for funding under the NASA Innovative Advanced Concepts for the HAIV proposal discussed here. He is the Vance Coffman Endowed Chair Professor of Aerospace Engineering here at Iowa State University, and is the founding director of the Asteroid Deflection Research Center. He is the author of AIAA textbook Space Vehicle Dynamics and Control (2nd edition, 2008). He has published 150 technical papers and 60 peer-reviewed journal articles, and holds three U.S. patents on control-moment-gyro (CMG) steering logic. Ph.D. and M.S. in Aeronautics and Astronautics from Stanford. In 2006, the AIAA presented Dr. Wie with the Mechanics and Control of Flight Award for his innovative research on advanced control of complex spacecraft. How Earth Can Beat Invading Aliens", Inverse, https://www.inverse.com/article/17242-how-earth-can-beat-invading-aliens June 21, 2016)DR 18 AND nuclear devices is the most cost-effective option for mitigating impact threat. | 1/24/22 |
JF - CP - Orbital Use FeesTournament: Golden Desert Debate Tournament at UNLV | Round: Quarters | Opponent: Strake Jesuit KS | Judge: Jonathan Meza, Claudia Ribera, Yoyo Lei 4 – Orbital Use Fee PICCP Text – We affirm that the appropriation of outer space through the production of space debris by private entities is unjust but do not endorse the usage of an Orbital Use Fee. To clarify – this is a blanket ban and should be enforced by the United Nations Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space, enforced by scaling fines for each violation.CP solves the Aff – an OUF isn’t an enforcement mechanism, it’s a regulatory solution which is irrelevant to the CP saying private entities are simply banned and heavily fines them if they violate.The 1AC Runnels Normal Means Card about Orbital Use Fees says it would be used to fund ADR – here’s a re-cutting. Hold them to it – it was highlighted in their evidence as what an OUF would be – anything else encourages poor 1AC construction.Runnels 22. Michael is a professor and writer for the American Bar Association. 1/13/22. ~American Bar Association "On Clearing Earth’s Orbital Debris and Enforcing the Outer Space Treaty in the U.S." https://www.americanbar.org/groups/business'law/publications/blt/2022/01/orbital-debris/~~ Justin re-cut by Elmer OUF: Proportional fee for amount of debris put into Space AND mega-constellations in LEO and their likely resulting orbital debris.~146~ Orbital use fees failStilwell 20, Ruth ~Dr. Ruth Stilwell is a Senior Non-Resident Scholar at the Space Policy Institute of George Washington University and Adjunct Professor at Norwich University.~ Orbital use fees won’t solve the space debris problem. Jun 22, 2020, https://www.thespacereview.com/article/3971/1 TG AND for the pollution that was created by legacy users who were largely governments. ADR cause "grey zones" of military ambiguitySeidel, 19 (Jamie Seidel, cites Todd Harrison, Centre for Strategic and International Studies Aerospace Security Project head "Space junk or sabotage? Space clean-up drones could have military implications" accessed online 8/15/19 https://www.news.com.au/technology/science/space/space-junk-or-sabotage-space-cleanup-drones-could-have-military-implications/news-story/e2cbbb479ea620a64a43ddc0d860c30c) AND accepted behaviour and challenging norms. They’re staying below the threshold of conflict." Dual-use ambiguity guarantees miscalculation that escalatesBragg et. al, 18 —- Dr. Allison Astorino-Courtois (NSI’s Chief Analytics Officer (CAO) and Executive Vice President, PhD in IR @ NYU); Dr. Robert Elder (PhD @ Emory, BA @ Clemson, Assistant prof of History @ Baylor); Dr. Belinda Bragg (principle research scientist at NSI, Inc. Lecturer in political science @ Texas AandM); July 2018, "Contested Space Operations, Space Defense, Deterrence, and Warfighting: Summary Findings and Integration Report," NSI, https://nsiteam.com/social/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/Space-SMA-Integration-Report-Space-FINAL.pdf AND space enterprises are partially or even wholly state-owned (ViTTa Q2). 1AR theory is skewed towards the aff – a) the 2NR must cover substance and over-cover theory, since they get the collapse and persuasive spin advantage of the 3min 2AR, b) their responses to my counter interp will be new, which means 1AR theory necessitates intervention. Implications – a) reject 1AR theory since it can’t be a legitimate check for abuse, b) drop the arg to minimize the chance the round is decided unfairly, c) use reasonability with a bar of defense or the aff always wins since the 2AR can line by line the whole 2NR without winning real abuse | 2/12/22 |
JF - CP - REMTournament: Peninsula Invitational | Round: 2 | Opponent: Harvard-Westlake NL | Judge: Jackson Frankwick 2CP: The appropriation of outer space by private entities is unjust except for the appropriation of outer space for asteroid mining by United States private entities. The United States should fund the appropriation of outer space for the mining of rare earth metals from asteroids by private entities.Asteroids have REMsAP 21 "Mining A $10,000 Quadrillion Asteroid." AP News, Feb 1, 2021, https://apnews.com/press-release/accesswire/technology-business-science-utilities-electric-utilities-7bb32ecaac33bebef6e4b97ade588c57 TG AND asteroids have been identified as likely cost-effective mining targets to date. The PIC is key to beat China and protect against Chinese REM gatekeepingStavridis 21 ~(James, retired US Navy admiral, chief international diplomacy and national security analyst for NBC News, senior fellow at JHU Applied Physics Library, PhD in Law and Diplomacy from Tufts) "U.S. Needs a Strong Defense Against China’s Rare-Earth Weapon," Bloomberg Opinion, March 4, 2021, https://www.bloomberg.com/opinion/articles/2021-03-04/u-s-needs-a-strong-defense-against-china-s-rare-earth-weapon~~ TDI AND , and should serve as a basis for the Biden administration and Congress. REM access key to military primacy and tech advancement – alternatives failTrigaux 12 (David, University Honors Program University of South Florida St. Petersburg) "The US, China and Rare Earth Metals: The Future Of Green Technology, Military Tech, and a Potential Achilles” Heel to American Hegemony," USF St. Petersberg, May 2, 2012, https://digital.stpetersburg.usf.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1132andcontext=honorstheses~~ TDI AND . Given the nature of many military applications, substitutions aren’t possible. 91 Primacy and allied commitments solve arms races and great power war – unipolarity is sustainable, and prevents power vacuums and global escalationBrands 18 ~Hal, Henry Kissinger Distinguished Professor at Johns Hopkins University's School of Advanced International Studies and a senior fellow at the Center for Strategic and Budgetary Assessments." American Grand Strategy in the Age of Trump." Page 129-133~ TDI AND Russian and Chinese modernization efforts are now creating a far more competitive environment. 1AR theory is skewed towards the aff – a) the 2NR must cover substance and over-cover theory, since they get the collapse and persuasive spin advantage of the 3min 2AR, b) their responses to my counter interp will be new, which means 1AR theory necessitates intervention. Implications – a) reject 1AR theory since it can’t be a legitimate check for abuse, b) drop the arg to minimize the chance the round is decided unfairly, c) use reasonability with a bar of defense or the aff always wins since the 2AR can line by line the whole 2NR without winning real abuse | 1/22/22 |
JF - CP - SBSPTournament: Tournament of Champions | Round: 1 | Opponent: Park City NL | Judge: James Stuckert 3CP: I endorse the entirety of the aff except for appropriation of outer space through Space-Based Solar Power is just.Solves the Case – all of their impacts are predicated off of infinite expansion or colonization. SBSP is not used for Colonization NOR Data/Information but is a singular aspect of occupying space to stop Energy Poverty by providing continuous accessible Energy. Also turns their offense because minorities are disproportionally effected by climate change means it worsens racial cap.Space-Based Solar Power constitutes Appropriation.Matignon 19 Louis De Gouyon Matignon 4-15-2019 "THE LEGAL STATUS OF CHINESE SPACE-BASED SOLAR POWER STATIONS" https://www.spacelegalissues.com/the-legal-status-of-chinese-space-based-solar-power-stations/ (PhD in space law)Elmer AND case with satellite navigation, satellite television and commercial satellite imagery for example. Private Companies are pursuing Space-Based Solar Power.McKirdy and Fang 19 Euan McKirdy and Nanlin Fang 3-3-2019 "Space power plant and a mission to Mars: China’s new plans to conquer the final frontier" https://www.cnn.com/2019/03/03/asia/china-plans-solar-power-in-space-intl/index.html (Journalists at CNN)Elmer AND plant would be ready for commercial use, the Chinese media report said. Space-Based Solar Power solves Paris Goals that checks back Warming.Ravisetti 21 Monisha Ravisetti 11-8-2021 "Harvesting energy with space solar panels could power the Earth 24/7" https://www.cnet.com/news/harvesting-energy-with-space-solar-panels-could-power-the-earth-247/ (Science Writer at CNet)Elmer AND unlimited supply of renewable energy from the sun might help us do that. Warming causes ExtinctionKareiva 18, Peter, and Valerie Carranza. "Existential risk due to ecosystem collapse: Nature strikes back." Futures 102 (2018): 39-50. (Ph.D. in ecology and applied mathematics from Cornell University, director of the Institute of the Environment and Sustainability at UCLA, Pritzker Distinguished Professor in Environment and Sustainability at UCLA)Re-cut by Elmer AND complete scientific understanding when it comes to positive feedback loops and climate change. | 4/23/22 |
JF - CP - SamplesTournament: Palm Classic | Round: 1 | Opponent: Harker AS | Judge: Ari Davidson 4CP: Plan with modification for scienceCP: The appropriation of outer space by private entities for asteroid material collection for scientific study is just. The appropriation of outer space by private entities for other space mining is unjust.Space samples are appropriated for scientific study—it’s uncontroversial as customary law but the plan bans itPershing 19 (Abigail D., J.D. from Yale Law School. Robina Fellow at the Europcean Court of Human Rights. "Interpreting the Outer Space Treaty's Non-Appropriation Principle: Customary International Law from 1967 to Today," 44 Yale Journal of International Law 149 2019)DR 22 AND the Moon during the Apollo Program is U.S. government property." Private extraction key to study of space samples—costsOSI ND (Outer Space Institute, network of world-leading space experts united by their commitment to highly innovative, transdisciplinary research that addresses grand challenges facing the continued use and exploration of space. http://outerspaceinstitute.ca/resources.html. No date but is referencing asteroid probes from 2021.)DR 22 Specifically, SpaceX’s Starship enables sample collection at an unprecedented rate.Heldmann et al 21 "Accelerating Martian and Lunar Science through SpaceX Starship Missions" May 2021 Jennifer L. Heldmann ~NASA Ames Research Center, Division of Space Sciences and Astrobiology, Planetary Systems Branch~, other authors listed in the article https://surveygizmoresponseuploads.s3.amazonaws.com/fileuploads/623127/5489366/111-381503be1c5764e533d2e1e923e21477'HeldmannJenniferL.pdf SM Asteroid samples key to planetary defenseGrove and Powell 20 (Phil Groves, producer of the award-winning documentary Asteroid Hunters. Corey Powell, reporter for discover magazine "We're Coming for the Asteroids. Are the Asteroids Coming for Us?" https://www.discovermagazine.com/the-sciences/were-coming-for-the-asteroids-are-the-asteroids-also-coming-for-us November 30, 2020)DR 22 Core to deflection—poorly planned deflection makes collision more likelyAndrews 21 (Robin George Andrews is a volcanologist and science writer based in London. His upcoming book Super Volcanoes: What They Reveal about Earth and the Worlds Beyond will be released in November 2021. "NASA’s DART Mission Could Help Cancel an Asteroid Apocalypse" https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/nasas-dart-mission-could-help-cancel-an-asteroid-apocalypse/ November 18, 2021)DR 22 Asteroid collisions cause extinction and nuclear miscalcBaum 19 (Executive director of the Global Catastrophic Risk Institute, "Risk-Risk Tradeoff Analysis of Nuclear Explosives for Asteroid Deflection," Risk Analysis, vol. 39, no. 11 (November 2019), p.2427-2442)DR 22 The most severe asteroid collisions and nuclear wars can cause global environmental effects. The core mechanism is the transport of particulate matter into the stratosphere, where it can spread worldwide and remain aloft for years or decades. Large asteroid collisions create large quantities of dust and large fireballs; the fire heats the dust so that some portion of it rises into the stratosphere. The largest collisions, such as the 10km Chicxulub impactor, can also eject debris from the collision site into space; upon reentry into the atmosphere, the debris heats up enough to spark global fires (Toon, Zahnle, Morrison, Turco, and Covey, 1997). The fires are a major impact in their own right and can send additional smoke into the stratosphere. For nuclear explosions, there is also a fireball and smoke, in this case from the burning of cities or other military targets. | 2/12/22 |
JF - CP - Samples v2Tournament: Harrison Round Robin | Round: 3 | Opponent: Lexington AG | Judge: Fabrice Etienne, Chris Castillo | 4/8/22 |
JF - CP - Space ElevatorsTournament: Golden Desert Debate Tournament at UNLV | Round: Quarters | Opponent: Strake Jesuit KS | Judge: Jonathan Meza, Claudia Ribera, Yoyo Lei 3 – Space Elevators PICText – Private Appropriation of Outer Space except for painted Space Elevators is Unjust. Private entities ought to invest and develop Space Elevators. We will defend an Orbital Use Fee per the 1AC’s Normal Means Mechanism.It Competes – that’s cx they n amed space elvators we. Get new 2nr anseresPrivate Companies are pursuing Space Elevators.Alfano 15 Andrea Alfano 8-18-2015 "All Of These Companies Are Working On A Space Elevator" https://www.techtimes.com/articles/77612/20150818/companies-working-space-elevator.htm (Writer at the Tech Times)Elmer AND LiftPort's plans, but stuck to the Earth instead of to the moon. Regardless of completion, Elevators spur investment in NanotechnologyLiam O’Brien 16. University of Wollongong. 07/2016. "Nanotechnology in Space." Young Scientists Journal; Canterbury, no. 19, p. 22. AND enormous amount can be done. There is still plenty more to achieve. Nano tech solves warming Bhavya Khullar. September 4, 2017. Nanomaterials Could Combat Climate Change and Reduce Pollution. https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/nanomaterials-could-combat-climate-change-and-reduce-pollution/ AND , have developed a reusable nanosponge that can remove oil from contaminated seawater. Nano weapons solve every existential threatMiller 17, Gina Miller, She has written articles and provided interviews on the subject of nanotechnology and created digital artwork, videos and animations to illustrate future applications. Her work has been featured in various media including the History Channel, Japanese television, international documentaries, Wired, PC Magazine, Fast Company, and various books such as "Nanofuture" by J. Storrs Hall, the inventor of the "utility fog" concept. Miller has collaborated with other nanotechnology pioneers such as Robert A. Freitas Jr., author of "Nanomedicine," and is a frequent collaborator of the Foresight Institute co-founded by K. Eric Drexler the "founding father of nanotechnology".. 2-26-2017, accessed on 1-28-2021, Nanotechnology Industries, "Nanotechnology, the real science of miracles, the end of disease, aging, poverty and pollution - Nanotechnology Industries", http://nanoindustries.com/nanotechnology'science'of'miracles/ Adam AND no chemical by product, no emission, hazardous waste and no pollution. Counterplan solves the Case - Space Elevators net reduce Space Debris – reduces overall Rocket LaunchesForgan 19, Duncan H. Solving Fermi's Paradox. Vol. 10. Cambridge University Press, 2019. (Associate Lecturer at the Centre for Exoplanet Science at the University of St Andrews, Scotland, founding member of the UK Search for Extra-terrestrial Intelligence (SETI) research network and leads UK research efforts into the search)Elmer AND use, with likely civilisation-ending effects (Solution C.13). | 2/12/22 |
JF - CP - Ukraine AdvTournament: Golden Desert Debate Tournament at UNLV | Round: 2 | Opponent: Immaculate Heart RR | Judge: Vanessa Nyguen 2CP: Ukraine ought to:End exports of space technology to the Democratic People’s Republic of KoreaBan private space companies from accepting Chinese investmentMove all nuclear reactors offline, dismantle nuclear reactors, and entomb them in concrete deep undergroundPlank 1 solves advantage 1 – they said NoKo ballistic missile capabilities are dependent on the Ukrainian space industry but we end supplyPlanks 2 and 3 solve advantage 2 – Ukraine not taking Chinese investment means no US alienation which preserves Biden’s support AND lack of nuclear reactors takes out the terminal impact1AR theory is skewed towards the aff – a) the 2NR must cover substance and over-cover theory, since they get the collapse and persuasive spin advantage of the 3min 2AR, b) their responses to my counter interp will be new, which means 1AR theory necessitates intervention. Implications – a) reject 1AR theory since it can’t be a legitimate check for abuse, b) drop the arg to minimize the chance the round is decided unfairly, c) use reasonability with a bar of defense or the aff always wins since the 2AR can line by line the whole 2NR without winning real abuse | 2/5/22 |
JF - CP - UnilatTournament: California Invitational Berkeley Debate | Round: Triples | Opponent: Harker GS | Judge: Courtney Coffman, Gordon Krauss, Jack Quisenberry 4Text – The United States should unilaterally restrict asteroid mining done by private entities.Counterplan competes – the Plan is a multilateral agreement while the CP is just the United States.Counterplan solves the Aff – 1~ Everyone follows onStarling et al. 2021 (Clementine G. Starling, deputy director of Forward Defense and resident fellow of the Transatlantic Security Initiative at the Atlantic Council. she played a leading role in managing NATO’s official public-diplomacy efforts ("NATO Engages") around the Alliance’s 2019 London Leaders’ Meeting and other summits. Starling was the 2020 Security and Defense fellow at Young Professionals in Foreign Policy (YPFP). Prior to joining the Atlantic Council, Starling worked in the UK Parliament with the House of Commons Defence Select Committee, providing analysis on UK defense, Middle East security, and technology. She graduated with honors from the London School of Economics with a bachelor’s of science in international relations and history. Mark J. Massa, second-year master’s student in the Security Studies Program at the Georgetown University School of Foreign Service. Lt Col Christopher P. Mulder, senior US Air Force fellow in Forward Defense within the Scowcroft Center for Strategy and Security at the Atlantic Council. Prior to his fellowship, Lt Col Mulder served as the 80th Operations Group deputy commander at Sheppard AFB, Texas, responsible for assisting the Operations Group commander in leading operations for the Euro-NATO Joint Jet Pilot Training Program. Julia T. Siegel, member of the Young Global Professionals program with Forward Defense at the Atlantic Council’s Scowcroft Center for Strategy and Security. She graduated with highest distinction from the University of Virginia’s Batten School of Leadership and Public Policy with a bachelor of arts in public policy and leadership and a second major in Spanish. "The Future of Security in Space: A Thirty-Year US Strategy" Report published by the Scowcroft Center for Strategy and Security in the Atlantic Council. https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/TheFutureofSecurityinSpace.pdf. April 2021)DR 22 2~ 1AC Wall says the US actions over Mining fractures governance – the CP sets the US in-line.Unilateral Actions solve – they’re legally binding and perceived internationally.Su 17 Jinyuan, S. U. "Space arms control: Lex lata and currently active proposals." Asian Journal of International Law 7.1 (2017): 61-93. Elmer China uses space coop to bolster perception of credible leadership – that causes space war and conventional conflict in the SCSFisher 15 Richard D. Fisher 2-8-2015 "China’s Military Ambitions in Space and America’s Response" http://www.uscc.gov/sites/default/files/Fisher'Testimony'2.18.15.pdf (President of Pacific Strategies, Inc)Elmer China uses to increase aggression in the SCS.Yang 18 Adam Yang 3-17-2018 "How Should the US Engage China in Space?" https://thediplomat.com/2018/03/how-should-the-us-engage-china-in-space (Major in the U.S. Marine Corp and a student at the Command and Staff College)Elmer Unchecked maritime expansion risks Nuclear WarThayer and Han 19 (Bradley A. and Lianchao; professor of Political Science at the University of Texas San Antonio, fellow at the Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs at Harvard University; vice president of Citizen Power Initiatives for China, founder of the Independent Federation of Chinese Students and Scholars, legislative counsel and policy director in the US Senate for 12 years; ( 6-12-2019, https://nationalinterest.org/feature/E28098xi-doctrineE28099-proclaiming-and-rationalizing-chinaE28099s-aggression-62402, "The ‘Xi Doctrine’: Proclaiming and Rationalizing China’s Aggression," National Interest, Acc:9-20-2019 (ermo/sms) | 2/21/22 |
JF - CP - Universalized FrameworkTournament: Palm Classic | Round: 1 | Opponent: Harker AS | Judge: Ari Davidson 5Plan: Space faring nations ought to create a universalized framework that regulates asteroid mining by private and public entities.Creating a legal regime works – their solvency, we just also extend it to private entities | 2/12/22 |
JF - CP - WeatherTournament: Barkley Forum for High Schools | Round: Octas | Opponent: Sage MP | Judge: Dylan Jones, Madeleine Conrad-Mogin, David Kilpatrick 4CP: Private entities should not appropriate outer space via Large Satellite Constellations in Lower Earth Orbit except for weather forecasting. Private entities should significantly invest in weather forecasting technology for Large Satellite Constellations in Lower Earth Orbit.Megaconstellations can be in the hundreds – doesn’t trigger their impactsHidalgo (Sebastian Hidalgo, ~Research Coordinator for Cloudflight~, ND, "Why satellite mega-constellations could be a problem – Cloudflight", Cloudflight, accessed: 1-29-2022, https://www.cloudflight.io/expert-views/why-satellite-mega-constellations-could-be-a-problem-47440/) ajs Starlink Mega-Constellations generates next-level advanced Weather Forecasting.Erwin 20 Sandra Erwin 10-14-2020 "SpaceX to explore ways to provide weather data to U.S. military" https://spacenews.com/spacex-to-explore-ways-to-provide-weather-data-to-u-s-military/ (Sandra Erwin writes about military space programs, policy, technology and the industry that supports this sector. She has covered the military, the Pentagon, Congress and the defense industry for nearly two decades as editor of NDIA’s National Defense Magazine and Pentagon correspondent for Real Clear Defense.)Elmer AND be provided at relatively low cost from companies that operate proliferated LEO systems. Extreme weather and natural Disasters are an existential threat—-it’s try or die for response and coordination.Frederick Tipson 13, adviser to the USIP Center of Innovation on Science, Technology, and Peacebuilding whose career has included positions in the UN Development Programme, Microsoft, Hongkong Telecom, ATandT, the Markle Foundation, the Senate Foreign Relations Committee, and the University of Virginia Law School, BA in History from Stanford, MA in IR from Yale, PhD and JD from UVA, "Natural Disasters as Threats to Peace", 2013, United States Institute of Peace, https://www.usip.org/sites/default/files/resources/Natural20Disasters20as20Threats20to20Peace20SR324.pdf hhb AND may soon come to dwarf any of the threats posed by mere mortals. Advanced Weather Forecasting solves Climate Change.Taylor-Smith 21 Kerry Taylor-Smith 3-25-2021 "What Role can Advanced Weather Forecasting have in Providing Climate Crisis Solutions?" https://www.azocleantech.com/article.aspx?ArticleID=1193 (Pursuing a passion for science, Kerry completed a degree in Natural Sciences at the University of Bath; where she studied a range of topics, including chemistry, biology, and environmental sciences. Her passion for writing grew as she worked on the university newspaper as a contributor, feature editor, and editor.)Elmer AND of adverse events – and the costs, environmental, economic or otherwise. Warming causes ExtinctionKareiva 18, Peter, and Valerie Carranza. "Existential risk due to ecosystem collapse: Nature strikes back." Futures 102 (2018): 39-50. (Ph.D. in ecology and applied mathematics from Cornell University, director of the Institute of the Environment and Sustainability at UCLA, Pritzker Distinguished Professor in Environment and Sustainability at UCLA)Re-cut by Elmer | 2/5/22 |
JF - DA - AMRTournament: Barkley Forum for High Schools | Round: Octas | Opponent: Cardinal Gibbons RS | Judge: Rafael Li, Julian Kuffour, Tyler Wood 4Telehealth Anti-Biotic over-usage - prescriptions are overused electronically AND fragments careRoy Benaroch 16, pediatrician who blogs at the Pediatric Insider. He is also the author of A Guide to Getting the Best Health Care for Your Child and the creator of The Great Courses' Medical School for Everyone: Grand Rounds Cases. This post appeared on KevinMD.com., 12-27-2016, "Telemedicine: An Idea With Many Potential Pitfalls," Medpage Today, https://www.medpagetoday.com/Blogs/KevinMD/62261 AND is cheap and easy. But it's no substitute for genuine medical care. Mis-use causes AMR.Kelland 15 Kate Kelland 11-17-2015 "Misunderstanding of Antibiotics Fuels Superbug Threat, WHO Says" https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/misunderstanding-of-antibiotics-fuels-superbug-threat-who-says/ (Journalist at Scientific American)Elmer AND and flu, despite the fact such medicines have no impact on viruses. AMR is an existential threat – it’s non-linear and has an invisible tipping point.Silverman 16 Rachel Silverman 4-19-2016 "Confronting Antimicrobial Resistance: Can We Get to Collective Action?" https://www.cgdev.org/blog/confronting-antimicrobial-resistance-can-we-get-collective-action (MPhil with Distinction in Public Health @ the University of Cambridge, Senior Policy Analyst and Assistant Director of Global Health Policy @ the Center for Global Development, focusing on global health financing and incentive structures)Elmer AND they’re going to make the switch" to become resistant to existing drugs. | 3/25/22 |
JF - DA - Cyber AttacksTournament: Peninsula Invitational | Round: 4 | Opponent: Stockdale RP | Judge: Aryan Jasani 3Cyber attacks on critical infrstructure are coming nowUnderwood 20 ~Kimberly Underwood is a reporter on emerging communication technologies, cyberwarfare, the intelligence community, military command operations and weaponry research. "China is Retooling, and Russia Seeks Harm to Critical Infrastructure." June 24, 2020. https://www.afcea.org/content/china-retooling-and-russia-seeks-harm-critical-infrastructure~~ AND the long-term goal of being able to cause "substantial damage." Megaconstellations function as critical infrastructure that increase resiliency and protect against cyberattacksHallex and Cottom 20 ~Matthew A. Hallex is a Research Staff Member at the Institute for Defense Analyses. Travis S. Cottom is a Research Associate at the Institute for Defense Analyses. "Proliferated Commercial Satellite Constellations: Implications for National Security." 2020. https://ndupress.ndu.edu/Portals/68/Documents/jfq/jfq-97/jfq-97'20-29'Hallex-Cottom.pdf?ver=2020-03-31-130614-940~~ AND replace systems lost during a conflict in space would be readily available.31 Cyberattacks cause extinction—-false warnings, stealing nukes, and introducing vulnerabilityErnest J. Moniz et al. 18, Ernest J. Moniz is the CEO of the Nuclear Threat Initiative, served as the thirteenth United States Secretary of Energy from 2013 to January 2017. Sam Nunn, and Des Browne, September 2018, "Nuclear Weapons in the New Cyber Age," https://media.nti.org/documents/Cyber'report'finalsmall.pdf AND in traditionally survivable systems, such as submarines or mobile missile launchers.4 | 1/23/22 |
JF - DA - EconTournament: Palm Classic | Round: 1 | Opponent: Harker AS | Judge: Ari Davidson 3Asteroids solve sustainable economic growthChris Taylor 19, a journalist who has served as the San Francisco correspondent for TIME magazine, and as senior editor at Business 2.0 magazine, graduate of the Columbia University Graduate School of Journalism, "The Asteroid Boom", Mashable, https://mashable.com/feature/asteroid-mining-space-economy/ AND net, plus free healthcare and free education for everyone on the planet. Extended decline causes multilateral meltdown – causes nuclear war, climate change, Arctic and space war.McLennan 21 – Strategic Partners Marsh McLennan SK Group Zurich Insurance Group, Academic Advisers National University of Singapore Oxford Martin School, University of Oxford Wharton Risk Management and Decision Processes Center, University of Pennsylvania, "The Global Risks Report 2021 16th Edition" "http://www3.weforum.org/docs/WEF'The'Global'Risks'Report'2021.pdf AND less willing or less able to step in to find a peaceful solution. | 2/12/22 |
JF - DA - HegTournament: Golden Desert Debate Tournament at UNLV | Round: 3 | Opponent: Strake Jesuit JY | Judge: Anshuman Mishra 2Commercial Space Race favors American Companies that cements space dominance – shift away endangers our lead – losing green-lights Chinese Dominance across the board.Autry and Kwast 19 Greg Autry and Steve Kwast 8-22-2019 "America Is Losing the Second Space Race to China" (Greg Autry, a clinical professor of space leadership, policy, and business at Arizona State University’s Thunderbird School of Global Management, and Steve Kwast)Elmer AND conflict while securing a better economic future for the nation and the world. Hegemony solves Extinction.Ikenberry 20 John Ikenberry 6-9-2020 "The Next Liberal Order: The Age of Contagion Demands More Internationalism, Not Less" https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/united-states/2020-06-09/next-liberal-order (Albert G. Milbank Professor of Politics and International Affairs at Princeton University and Global Eminence Scholar at Kyung Hee University, in South Korea)Elmer AND bad news is that it is far from certain that it will not. Specifically, solves Nuclear War – shift causes Transition Wars.Khalizad 16 Zalmay Khalizad 3-23-2016 "4 Lessons about America's Role in the World" http://nationalinterest.org/feature/4-lessons-about-americas-role-the-world-15574?page=show (former U.S. ambassador to the United Nations, counselor at the CSIS)Elmer AND power in key regions while seeking opportunities to reconcile differences among major actors. | 2/6/22 |
JF - DA - InnovationTournament: debateLA Challenge | Round: 6 | Opponent: Strath Haven AM | Judge: Rodrigo Paramo, Derek Hilligoss 5Space Commercialization drives Tech Innovation in the Status Quo – it provides a unique impetus.Hampson 17 Joshua Hampson 1-25-2017 "The Future of Space Commercialization" https://republicans-science.house.gov/sites/republicans.science.house.gov/files/documents/TheFutureofSpaceCommercializationFinal.pdf (Security Studies Fellow at the Niskanen Center)Elmer AND to global networks, and new opportunities could lead to wider economic growth. Double bind – either they link bc it’s a major part of space activity or they don’t solve because other forms are bigger emitters of debrisStrong Innovation solves Extinction.Matthews 18 Dylan Matthews 10-26-2018 "How to help people millions of years from now" https://www.vox.com/future-perfect/2018/10/26/18023366/far-future-effective-altruism-existential-risk-doing-good (Co-founder of Vox, citing Nick Beckstead @ Rutgers University)Re-cut by Elmer AND far future, then effective altruism just becomes plain ol’ do-goodery. | 1/15/22 |
JF - DA - Innovation v2Tournament: Palm Classic | Round: 3 | Opponent: Strake Jesuit MSt | Judge: Yoyo Lei 3Space Commercialization drives Tech Innovation in the Status Quo – it provides a unique impetus.Hampson 17 Joshua Hampson 1-25-2017 "The Future of Space Commercialization" https://republicans-science.house.gov/sites/republicans.science.house.gov/files/documents/TheFutureofSpaceCommercializationFinal.pdf (Security Studies Fellow at the Niskanen Center)Elmer AND to global networks, and new opportunities could lead to wider economic growth. Cultural Industry usage of Space facilitates space exploration.Krishna 19 Swapna Krishna 7-15-2019 "The Many Ways Pop Culture Propels Spaceflight and Vice Versa" https://www.pbssocal.org/shows/blue-sky-metropolis/the-many-ways-pop-culture-propels-spaceflight-and-vice-versa (Swapna Krishna is a journalist specializing in space, science, tech, and sci-fi.)Elmer AND to use a Moon base as a springboard for a crewed Mars mission. Strong Innovation solves Extinction.Matthews 18 Dylan Matthews 10-26-2018 "How to help people millions of years from now" https://www.vox.com/future-perfect/2018/10/26/18023366/far-future-effective-altruism-existential-risk-doing-good (Co-founder of Vox, citing Nick Beckstead @ Rutgers University)Re-cut by Elmer AND far future, then effective altruism just becomes plain ol’ do-goodery. | 2/13/22 |
JF - DA - KamooalewaTournament: Harvard Westlake Debates | Round: 3 | Opponent: Dougherty Valley KM | Judge: Eric Deng 5Kamo’oalewa is NEO asteroid comprised of lunar materialDevlin 21 ~Hannah Devlin is the Guardian's science correspondent, having previously been science editor of the Times. "Near-Earth asteroid is a fragment from the moon, say scientists." November 11, 2021. https://www.theguardian.com/science/2021/nov/11/near-earth-asteroid-is-a-fragment-from-the-moon-say-scientists~~ AND said. "It’s easier to explain with the moon than other ideas." Space based solar power is being developed and transitions to 100 clean energy, but lunar regolith is keyO’Neill 13 ~Ian O'Neill is a media relations specialist at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) in Southern California. Prior to joining JPL, he served as editor for the Astronomical Society of the Pacific‘s Mercury magazine and Mercury Online and contributed articles to a number of other publications, including Space.com, Space.com, Live Science, HISTORY.com, Scientific American. Ian holds a Ph.D in solar physics and a master's degree in planetary and space physics. "How to Turn the Moon Into a Giant Space Solar Power Hub." December 3, 2013. https://www.space.com/23810-moon-luna-belt-solar-power-idea.html~~ AND off nuclear energy — it doesn't get more "alternative" than this. ExtinctionKrosofsky 21 ~Andrew, freelance writer for over two decades~ "How Global Warming May Eventually Lead to Global Extinction." Green Matters. March 11, 2021. https://www.greenmatters.com/p/will-global-warming-cause-extinction TG AND of the century, that number could be as high as 70 percent. | 1/16/22 |
JF - DA - MiningTournament: Harvard Westlake Debates | Round: 3 | Opponent: Dougherty Valley KM | Judge: Eric Deng 4Only the private sector can do it – governments lack incentive and the OST prohibits itEure 16 (, J., 2016. Space… the final frontier. ~online~ Campbell Law Observer. Available at: http://campbelllawobserver.com/space-the-final-frontier/ ~Accessed 28 December 2021~ Jonathan Eure is a 2017 graduate of Campbell Law School, winner of the 2017 J. Bryan Boyd Award for Excellence in Legal Journalism, and served as a senior staff writer for the Campbell Law Observer. He lived in Morganton, in the foothills of North Carolina, before moving to Raleigh for law school. He earned BA’s in Political Science and History from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, graduating in 2014. The summer after his first year of law school, Jonathan worked as a legislative research intern with Representative Rob Bryan in the North Carolina General Assembly. Jonathan now interns with the Honorable Paul Newby at the North Carolina Supreme Court. Jonathan is the Secretary for the Campbell Public Interest Law Student Association (CPILSA).)-rahulpenu AND . The problem is that none of this law has become official yet. Commercial mining solves extinction from scarcity, climate, terror, war, and disease.Pelton 17—(Director Emeritus of the Space and Advanced Communications Research Institute at George Washington University, PHD in IR from Georgetown).. Pelton, Joseph N. 2017. The New Gold Rush: The Riches of Space Beckon! Springer. Accessed 8/30/19. AND global space agreements, are part of this new pathway to the future. Resource scarcity coming now and causes extinction—asteroid mining is the only way to solveCrombrugghe 18 – Guerric, Business Development Manager Brussels, Brussels Capital Region, "Asteroid mining as a necessary answer to mineral scarcity", LinkedIn, 1/11/2018, https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/asteroid-mining-necessary-answer-mineral-scarcity-de-crombrugghe AND meantime, we might want to consume existing resources a bit more efficiently. Resource Shortages Exacerbate ConflictWingo 13 - Dennis Wingo, Former CTO of the Orbital Recovery Corporation, Founder and CEO of Skycorp Inc, and Greentrail Energy Inc., Co-Founder and CTO of Orbital Recovery Inc. Leader of NASA's the Lunar Orbiter Image Recovery Project (LOIRP), First in history to rescue and operate a spacecraft (ISEE-3) in interplanetary space, and University of Alabama in Huntsville Consortium for Materials Development in Space Researcher At University of Alabama in Huntsville Consortium for Materials Development in Space "Commentary | The Inevitability of Extraterrestrial Mining", Space News, 7/29/2013, https://spacenews.com/36511the-inevitability-of-extraterrestrial-mining/ AND the continued health of the American economy and the future of all mankind. Those Conflicts go NuclearKlare 13 – Michael T., professor emeritus of peace and world-security studies at Hampshire College and senior visiting fellow at the Arms Control Association in Washington, DC, " How Resource Scarcity and Climate Change Could Produce a Global Explosion", The Nation, 4/22/2013, https://www.thenation.com/article/how-resource-scarcity-and-climate-change-could-produce-global-explosion/ JHW AND conflict. We are now heading directly into a resource-shock world. ====Plan doesn’t solve – 1. Tm costs to companies 2. Agreements don’t exist bc nobody rly started mining yet 3. Consistant bc everyone follows the OST ==== | 1/16/22 |
JF - DA - Mining v2Tournament: Harvard Westlake Debates | Round: 5 | Opponent: Portola AS | Judge: Indu Pandey 2Only the private sector can do it – governments lack incentive and the OST prohibits itEure 16 (, J., 2016. Space… the final frontier. ~online~ Campbell Law Observer. Available at: http://campbelllawobserver.com/space-the-final-frontier/ ~Accessed 28 December 2021~ Jonathan Eure is a 2017 graduate of Campbell Law School, winner of the 2017 J. Bryan Boyd Award for Excellence in Legal Journalism, and served as a senior staff writer for the Campbell Law Observer. He lived in Morganton, in the foothills of North Carolina, before moving to Raleigh for law school. He earned BA’s in Political Science and History from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, graduating in 2014. The summer after his first year of law school, Jonathan worked as a legislative research intern with Representative Rob Bryan in the North Carolina General Assembly. Jonathan now interns with the Honorable Paul Newby at the North Carolina Supreme Court. Jonathan is the Secretary for the Campbell Public Interest Law Student Association (CPILSA).)-rahulpenu AND . The problem is that none of this law has become official yet. Commercial mining solves extinction from scarcity, climate, terror, war, and disease.Pelton 17—(Director Emeritus of the Space and Advanced Communications Research Institute at George Washington University, PHD in IR from Georgetown).. Pelton, Joseph N. 2017. The New Gold Rush: The Riches of Space Beckon! Springer. Accessed 8/30/19. AND global space agreements, are part of this new pathway to the future. Resource scarcity coming now and causes extinction—asteroid mining is the only way to solveCrombrugghe 18 – Guerric, Business Development Manager Brussels, Brussels Capital Region, "Asteroid mining as a necessary answer to mineral scarcity", LinkedIn, 1/11/2018, https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/asteroid-mining-necessary-answer-mineral-scarcity-de-crombrugghe AND meantime, we might want to consume existing resources a bit more efficiently. Resource Shortages Exacerbate ConflictWingo 13 - Dennis Wingo, Former CTO of the Orbital Recovery Corporation, Founder and CEO of Skycorp Inc, and Greentrail Energy Inc., Co-Founder and CTO of Orbital Recovery Inc. Leader of NASA's the Lunar Orbiter Image Recovery Project (LOIRP), First in history to rescue and operate a spacecraft (ISEE-3) in interplanetary space, and University of Alabama in Huntsville Consortium for Materials Development in Space Researcher At University of Alabama in Huntsville Consortium for Materials Development in Space "Commentary | The Inevitability of Extraterrestrial Mining", Space News, 7/29/2013, https://spacenews.com/36511the-inevitability-of-extraterrestrial-mining/ AND the continued health of the American economy and the future of all mankind. Those Conflicts go NuclearKlare 13 – Michael T., professor emeritus of peace and world-security studies at Hampshire College and senior visiting fellow at the Arms Control Association in Washington, DC, " How Resource Scarcity and Climate Change Could Produce a Global Explosion", The Nation, 4/22/2013, https://www.thenation.com/article/how-resource-scarcity-and-climate-change-could-produce-global-explosion/ JHW AND conflict. We are now heading directly into a resource-shock world. Mining solves Water ShortagesKean 15 Sam Kean December 2015 "The End of Thirst" https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2015/12/the-end-of-thirst/413176/ (writer based in Washington DC for the Atlantic)Elmer AND down here on the ground, but up among the stars as well. Indo-Pak Water War goes NuclearKlare 20 — Five College professor emeritus of peace and world security studies, and director of the Five College Program in Peace and World Security Studies (PAWSS), holds a B.A. and M.A. from Columbia University and a Ph.D. from the Graduate School of the Union Institute. (Michael; Published: 2020; "Climate Change, Water Scarcity, and the Potential for Interstate Conflict in South Asia"; Journal of Strategic Security 13, No. 4, Pages 109-122; https://doi.org/10.5038/1944-0472.13.4.1826 Available at: https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/jss/vol13/iss4/8)//CYang AND global agriculture—an outcome with enormous implications for American national security.30 | 1/16/22 |
JF - DA - Mining v3Tournament: Golden Desert Debate Tournament at UNLV | Round: 3 | Opponent: Strake Jesuit JY | Judge: Anshuman Mishra 3Private mining now—Solves Helium-3, rare earth minerals and Mars colonizationGilbert 21 (Alex gilbert, complex systems researcher and a PhD student in space resources at the Colorado School of Mines. "Mining in Space is Coming" https://www.milkenreview.org/articles/mining-in-space-is-coming April 26, 2021)DR 22 AND to as much as $1 trillion by 2040 as private investment soars. Helium-3 fusion possible now—Solves warming and energy infrastructure reliabilityWhittington 21 (Mark, contributor to the Hill. "Solving the climate and energy crises: Mine the Moon's helium-3?"https://thehill.com/opinion/technology/540856-solving-the-climate-and-energy-crises-mine-the-moons-helium-3 February 28, 2021)DR 22 AND could be the singular benefit for expanding human activity to Earth’s nearest neighbor. Extinction from energy collapseGreene 19 ~Sherrell R. Greene Mr. Greene received his B.S. and M.S. degrees in Nuclear Engineering from the University of Tennessee. He is a recognized subject matter expert in nuclear reactor safety, nuclear fuel cycle technologies, and advanced reactor concept development. Mr. Greene is widely acclaimed for his systems analysis, team building, innovation, knowledge organization, presentation, and technical communication skills. Mr. Greene worked at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) for over three decades. During his career at ORNL, he served as Director of Research Reactor Development Programs and Director of Nuclear Technology Programs. . "Enhancing Electric Grid, Critical Infrastructure, and Societal Resilience with Resilient Nuclear Power Plants (rNPPs)." https://ans.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/00295450.2018.1505357?needAccess=true edited for ableist language in brackets~~~ AND simultaneously, and with or without coordinated physical attacks on Critical Infrastructure assets. Extinction from warming—feedback loops bypass defenseNg ’19 ~Yew-Kwang; May 2019; Professor of Economics at Nanyang Technology University, Fellow of the Academy of Social Sciences in Australia and Member of the Advisory Board at the Global Priorities Institute at Oxford University, Ph.D. in Economics from Sydney University; Global Policy, "Keynote: Global Extinction and Animal Welfare: Two Priorities for Effective Altruism," vol. 10, no. 2, p. 258-266~ AND the whole world is more important to avoid by literally a trillion times. | 2/6/22 |
JF - DA - Noko DeterrenceTournament: Golden Desert Debate Tournament at UNLV | Round: 2 | Opponent: Immaculate Heart RR | Judge: Vanessa Nyguen 3Decline in Noko nukes program prompts Chinese peninsular aggression—It needs to be seen as a threat—that escalatesZhang and Wang, 18—Visiting Assistant Professor of Government at the College of William and Mary AND Research Assistant at the National Defense University’s College of International Security Affairs (CISA) for Nuclear Security and Nonproliferation Issues (Hongyu and Kevin, "Why the United States Needs North Korea to Stay Nuclear," https://nationalinterest.org/feature/why-the-united-states-needs-north-korea-stay-nuclear-26382, dml. AND undermine U.S. interests but regional and global stability as well. Invasion’s on the brink and escalatesKyle Mizokami 19. Defense and national-security writer based in San Francisco who has appeared in the Diplomat, Foreign Policy, War is Boring and the Daily Beast. In 2009, he cofounded the defense and security blog Japan Security Watch. You can follow him on Twitter: @KyleMizokami. This first appeared years ago. https://nationalinterest.org/blog/buzz/north-korea-afraid-america-should-it-also-fear-chinese-invasion-102917, Rez. AND between those armies marching north and those marching south would be very real. China war goes nuclear – escalation - extinctionKulacki 20 ~Dr. Gregory Kulacki focuses on cross-cultural communication between the United States and China on nuclear and space arms control and is the China Project Manager for the Global Security Program at the Union of Concerned Scientists, 2020. Would China Use Nuclear Weapons First In A War With The United States?, Thediplomat.com, https://thediplomat.com/2020/04/would-china-use-nuclear-weapons-first-in-a-war-with-the-united-states/~~ srey AND during a military crisis, but it would make one far less likely. | 2/5/22 |
JF - DA - Russia AppeasementTournament: Harvard Westlake Debates | Round: 3 | Opponent: Dougherty Valley KM | Judge: Eric Deng 3Russia’s international ambitions are low now due to space sector failures.AFP 19 5/28/19 (Agence France-Presse - international news agency headquartered in Paris, "Moscow, we have a problem: theft plagues Russia’s space sector," https://www.scmp.com/news/world/russia-central-asia/article/3012088/moscow-we-have-problem-theft-plagues-russias-space) AND power, especially in the context of increased tensions with the United States. We stopped appeasing Russia – they’ll pocket concessions from coop and increase aggression – tensions aren’t the result of understandings but hardened differences.Haddad and Polakova 18 ~Benjamin Haddad Director, Future Europe Initiative - Atlantic Council. Alina Polyakova Director, Project on Global Democracy and Emerging Technology Fellow - Foreign Policy, Center on the United States and Europe. Don’t rehabilitate Obama on Russia. March 5, 2018. https://www.brookings.edu/blog/order-from-chaos/2018/03/05/dont-rehabilitate-obama-on-russia/~~ AND If he wanted a pliant ally in America, he has abjectly failed. Space cooperation massively boosts prestige for Russia.Juul 19 - Senior policy analyst at the Center for American Progress Peter Juul, "Trump’s Space Force Gets the Final Frontier All Wrong," Foreign Policy. March 20, 2019. https://foreignpolicy.com/2019/03/20/trumps-space-force-gets-the-final-frontier-all-wrong/ AND Agency, and even Russia’s Roscosmos—remain led and run by civilians. Cooperation is perceived as appeasement - that independently is sufficient for Putin to feel emboldened and seize more territory.Payne 17 – Served in the Department of Defense as the Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense for Forces Policy Dr. Keith B. Payne, "Russian strategy Expansion, crisis and conflict," Comparative Strategy, 2017. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/01495933.2017.1277121?needAccess=true AND , the West’s lack of resolve could embolden Moscow toward further adventurism."27 Putin soft power is low now, and that prevents Baltic adventurism that goes nuclear - legitimizing him gives him an opening to make information warfare succeed.Kagan 19 - American resident scholar at the American Enterprise Institute, and a former professor of military history at the U.S. Military Academy at West Point, less famous brother of our favorite neighborhood neocon Robert Kagan Frederick W. Kagan, "CONFRONTING THE RUSSIAN CHALLENGE: A NEW APPROACH FOR THE U.S.," Institute for the Study of War. June 2019. https://www.politico.com/f/?id=0000016b-6eef-dc80-a3ff-ffff778c0000 *Apologies for it being super condensed - it’s a 90 pg article AND lesser variants, but they all lead to dramatically increased risk of Armageddon. | 1/16/22 |
JF - DA - Smart CitiesTournament: Peninsula Invitational | Round: 4 | Opponent: Stockdale RP | Judge: Aryan Jasani 1Starlink connectivity is key to extension of the Internet of Things.Lumanlan 21 August Dominic M Lumanlan 8-14-2021 "How Elon Musk’s Starlink will be the future of the Internet" https://medium.com/@augustlumanlan2017/how-spacexs-starlink-will-be-the-future-of-the-internet-8f07adb4eb2 (Engineering Author)Elmer AND save manufacturers millions of dollars every year just to optimize every manufacturing process. IOT key to sustainable Smart Cities – rapid population growth ensures need for sustainability for megacities.Appleton 21 Joe Appleton 5-11-2021 "WHAT IS IOT AND WHY IS IT IMPORTANT FOR SMART CITIES?" https://hub.beesmart.city/en/solutions/what-is-iot-and-why-is-it-important-for-smart-cities (Joe Appleton is bee smart city's content strategist, editor and writer. He has a particular interest in smart and sustainable cities and urban mobility.)Elmer AND at its full potential, the Internet of Things is a vital ingredient. Unsustainable cities turn every impact and cause extinction – sustainable ones solveCribb 17 Cribb, Julian. "The Urbanite (Homo Urbanus)." Surviving the 21st Century. Springer, Cham, 2017. 147-169. (principal of Julian Cribb and Associates who provide specialist consultancy in the communication of science, agriculture, food, mining, energy and the environment. , His published work includes over 8000 articles, 3000 media releases and eight books. He has received 32 awards for journalism.)Elmer AND whole world will have a virtual ringside seat as future urban nightmares unfold. | 1/23/22 |
JF - DA - US-Ukrainian Co-opTournament: Golden Desert Debate Tournament at UNLV | Round: 2 | Opponent: Immaculate Heart RR | Judge: Vanessa Nyguen 4Artemis accords boost US-Ukrainian co-opYarova 20 (Maya Yarova, ~editor and journalst @ ain.ua~, 11-16-2020, "Ukraine becomes the ninth country joining the NASA space program", AIN.UA, accessed: 1-21-2022, https://ain.ua/en/2020/11/16/ukraine-signs-the-nasa-artemis-accords/) ajs AND and use of outer space for peaceful purposes, established back in 2016. Empirics – squo trust buildingMatyushenko 21 (Yevgeny Matyushenko, ~~, 12-4-2021, "Ukraine must regain leadership in aerospace industry – Zelensky", No Publication, accessed: 1-21-2022, https://www.unian.info/economics/space-exploration-ukraine-must-regain-leadership-in-aerospace-industry-zelensky-11385475.html) ajs AND . This is recognition of our technological and technical capabilities," he said. The aff reverses that – it contradicts the Artemis Accords by banning mining and lunar propertyNelson 20 "The Artemis Accords and the Future of International Space Law" Jack Wright Nelson ~Jack Wright Nelson is a Research Associate at the Faculty of Law of the National University of Singapore and a Member of the International Institute of Space Law. The author is grateful to the Faculty's Centre for Banking and Finance Law for supporting his ongoing research.~, December 10, 2020 https://www.asil.org/insights/volume/24/issue/31/artemis-accords-and-future-international-space-law SM AND , and there shall be free access to all areas of celestial bodies. US-Ukraine Relations solves Baltics War.Pifer 17 Steven Pifer 4-12-2017 "Why should the United States be interested in Ukraine?" https://www.brookings.edu/blog/order-from-chaos/2017/04/12/why-should-the-united-states-be-interested-in-ukraine/ (Nonresident Senior Fellow - Foreign Policy, Center for Security, Strategy, and Technology, Center on the United States and Europe, Arms Control and Non-Proliferation Initiative)Elmer AND very good reasons why the United States should take an interest in Ukraine. Baltic conflict goes nuclearKofman ’16 ~Michael; May 12; Analyst at CNA Corporation and fellow at the Wilson Center’s Kennan Institute, M.A. in International Security from the Edmund A. Walsh School of Foreign Service at Georgetown University; War On The Rocks, "Fixing NATO Deterrence in the East Or: How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Love NATO’s Crushing Defeat by Russia," https://warontherocks.com/2016/05/fixing-nato-deterrence-in-the-east-or-how-i-learned-to-stop-worrying-and-love-natos-crushing-defeat-by-russia/; RP~ AND . That means a force posture oriented toward strategic flexibility, not entrenchment. | 2/5/22 |
JF - DA - Ukraine-China RelationsTournament: Golden Desert Debate Tournament at UNLV | Round: 2 | Opponent: Immaculate Heart RR | Judge: Vanessa Nyguen 5Ukraine-China relations motivated by space cooperation – the Aff makes that impossible – that spills-over into other aspects of the relationship.Ma and Soroka 20 Ma, B., and L. Soroka. "The Cooperation between China and Ukraine in Space Exploration: Genesis and Development. Advanced Space Law, 5, 58-70." (2020). (Ph.D. in Law, Professor, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology)Elmer AND , "innocide" instead of innovation (Driga, 2017: 61). That cements the BRI – Ukraine is a critical partner in Europe for China Trade.Zeneli and Haluhan 19 Valbona Zeneli and Nataliia Haluhan 10-4-2019 "Why China is Setting its Sights on Ukraine" https://thediplomat.com/2019/10/why-china-is-setting-its-sights-on-ukraine/ (Dr. Valbona Zeneli is the Chair of the Strategic Initiatives Department at the George C. Marshall European Center for Security Studies. Ms. Nataliia Haluhan is the Chief Consultant, National Institute for Strategic Studies (Ukraine). She is a former Marshall Center scholar.)Elmer AND by Beijing to increase trade and economic relations with Central and Eastern Europe. Solves Central Asian and South Asia War.Muhammad et Al 19, Imraz, Arif Khan, and Saif ul Islam. "China Pakistan Economic Corridor: Peace, Prosperity and Conflict Resolution in the Region." (Lecturer, Department of Political Science, University of Buner)Elmer AND peace and stability in the region and secure the CPEC from insecurity.15 South Asia War goes Nuclear and causes Extinction.Menon 19 Prakash Menon, The nuclear cloud hanging over the human race, Nov 15, 2019, ~PhD from Madras University for his thesis "Limited War and Nuclear Deterrence in the Indo-Pak context"~ https://www.telegraphindia.com/opinion/the-nuclear-cloud-hanging-over-the-human-race/cid/1719608~~# SM AND for its incredibility and the utter stupidity of the use of nuclear weapons. | 2/5/22 |
JF - DA - XiTournament: Peninsula Invitational | Round: Quarters | Opponent: Immaculate Heart RR | Judge: Kabir Dubey, Anish Ramireddy, Darin Park Xi Lashout DAPlan: The appropriation of outer space for the Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence by private entities is unjust except for China.Xi’s regime is stable now, but its success depends on strong growth and private sector development.Mitter and Johnson 21 ~Rana Mitter and Elsbeth Johnson, Rana Mitter is a professor of the history and politics of modern China at Oxford. Elsbeth Johnson, formerly the strategy director for Prudential PLC’s Asian business, is a senior lecturer at MIT’s Sloan School of Management and the founder of SystemShift, a consulting firm. May-June 2021, "What the West Gets Wrong About China," Harvard Business Review, https://hbr.org/2021/05/what-the-west-gets-wrong-about-china accessed 12/14/21~ Adam AND University thanks to social mobility and the party’s significant investment in scientific research. Xi has committed to the commercial space industry as the linchpin of China’s rise – the plan is seen as a complete 180Patel 21 ~Neel V. Patel, Neel is a space reporter for MIT Technology Review. 1-21-2021, "China’s surging private space industry is out to challenge the US," MIT Technology Review, https://www.technologyreview.com/2021/01/21/1016513/china-private-commercial-space-industry-dominance/ accessed 12/14/21~ Adam AND for the commercial space sector as it tries to expand," he says. Shifts in regime perception threatens CCP’s legitimacy from nationalist hardlinersWeiss 19 Jessica Weiss 1-29-2019 "Authoritarian Audiences, Rhetoric, and Propaganda in International Crises: Evidence from China" http://www.jessicachenweiss.com/uploads/3/0/6/3/30636001/19-01-24-elite-statements-isq-ca.pdf (Associate Professor of Government at Cornell University)Elmer AND to it more directly than even the U.S. government."11 Xi will launch diversionary war to domestic backlash – escalates in multiple hotspotsNorris 17, William J. Geostrategic Implications of China’s Twin Economic Challenges. CFR Discussion Paper, 2017. (Associate professor of Chinese foreign and security policy at Texas AandM University’s Bush School of Government and Public Service)Elmer AND resource is directed shifts away from industrial and export production toward domestic consumption. ====US–China war goes nuclear – crisis mis-management ensures conventional escalation - extinction==== AND during a military crisis, but it would make one far less likely. | 1/24/22 |
JF - DA - Xi v2Tournament: Barkley Forum for High Schools | Round: Octas | Opponent: Cardinal Gibbons RS | Judge: Rafael Li, Julian Kuffour, Tyler Wood 6Xi’s regime is stable now, but its success depends on strong growth and private sector development.Mitter and Johnson 21 ~Rana Mitter and Elsbeth Johnson, Rana Mitter is a professor of the history and politics of modern China at Oxford. Elsbeth Johnson, formerly the strategy director for Prudential PLC’s Asian business, is a senior lecturer at MIT’s Sloan School of Management and the founder of SystemShift, a consulting firm. May-June 2021, "What the West Gets Wrong About China," Harvard Business Review, https://hbr.org/2021/05/what-the-west-gets-wrong-about-china accessed 12/14/21~ Adam AND University thanks to social mobility and the party’s significant investment in scientific research. Xi has committed to the commercial space industry as the linchpin of China’s rise – the plan is seen as a complete 180Patel 21 ~Neel V. Patel, Neel is a space reporter for MIT Technology Review. 1-21-2021, "China’s surging private space industry is out to challenge the US," MIT Technology Review, https://www.technologyreview.com/2021/01/21/1016513/china-private-commercial-space-industry-dominance/ accessed 12/14/21~ Adam AND for the commercial space sector as it tries to expand," he says. Shifts in regime perception threatens CCP’s legitimacy from nationalist hardlinersWeiss 19 Jessica Weiss 1-29-2019 "Authoritarian Audiences, Rhetoric, and Propaganda in International Crises: Evidence from China" http://www.jessicachenweiss.com/uploads/3/0/6/3/30636001/19-01-24-elite-statements-isq-ca.pdf (Associate Professor of Government at Cornell University)Elmer AND to it more directly than even the U.S. government."11 Constellations specificallyCurcio 21 "China’s drive to compete against Starlink for the future of orbital internet" Blaine Curcio ~a space industry consultant and analyst based in Hong Kong, and is the co-host of the Dongfang Hour, a podcast on the Chinese space industry.~ June 6, 2021 https://techcrunch.com/2021/06/06/chinas-drive-to-compete-against-starlink-for-the-future-of-orbital-internet/ SM AND — most notably Starlink — has been an accelerant to China’s own plans. Xi will launch diversionary war to domestic backlash – escalates in multiple hotspotsNorris 17, William J. Geostrategic Implications of China’s Twin Economic Challenges. CFR Discussion Paper, 2017. (Associate professor of Chinese foreign and security policy at Texas AandM University’s Bush School of Government and Public Service)Elmer AND resource is directed shifts away from industrial and export production toward domestic consumption. ====US–China war goes nuclear – crisis mis-management ensures conventional escalation - extinction==== AND during a military crisis, but it would make one far less likely. | 3/25/22 |
JF - K - Settler ColonialismTournament: National Debate Coaches Association National Championships | Round: 3 | Opponent: Strake Jesuit KS | Judge: Truman Le KSettlerism is an everyday process shaped by affective investments in institutions that claim jurisdiction over native land.Mark Rifkin, PhD, Director of the Women's and Gender Studies Program and Professor of English at the University of North Carolina, Greensboro. "Settler common sense." Settler Colonial Studies, 2013 Vol. 3, Nos. 3–4, 322–340, http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/2201473X.2013.810702. JJN AND "the murderous activities of the frontier rabble" (392–3). Ideal theory is a form of abstraction away from the material violence of settler colonialism – their view from nowhere is not only useless but actively props up settlerism.Nichols 13 Nichols, R. (2013). Indigeneity and the Settler Contract today. Philosophy and Social Criticism, 39(2), 165–186. doi:10.1177/0191453712470359 SM AND reformulate some modified version of analytic contract theory in relation to indigenous peoples. Settler colonialism is deeply engrained in Western culture and reflects in the universalist logic of non-naturalistic ethics – their philosophy gets appropriated to justify extermination of Indigenous peoples because of its cultural starting point.John Hinkinson – Editor at Arena, an Australian maganzine. "Why Settler Colonialism?" Arena. 2012. https://arena.org.au/why-settler-colonialism/ JJN AND settler colonialism for granted, practices that arguably define the underside of modernity. Attempts to leverage extinction impacts as calls for action are fabricated by the logic of elimination - settlers have a psychological investment in imagining the end of the world to create a sense of white vulnerability at the expense of enacting decolonization.Dalley 16 AND effects that shape much of the contemporary literature emerging from white colonial settings. The alternative is a call for place-based education – this requires relating theorizing to present realities of injustice and acknowledging the ways settler colonialism creates those injustices to ground our strategies and normative theories. The alternative is unconditional and does not fiat anything – since our links are to the 1AC’s framework, it is an alternative metaethic that should be used to derive ethical frameworks that would conclude material decolonization is obligatory. It’s unconditional.Gardner Seawright is a doctoral candidate in the Education, Culture, and Society department at the University of Utah. "Settler Traditions of Place: Making Explicit the Epistemological Legacy of White Supremacy and Settler Colonialism for Place-Based Education." EDUCATIONAL STUDIES, 50: 554–572, 2014, American Educational Studies Association. JJN AND are differentially incorporated into epistemic structures is required to fully realize its potential. The discourse of the 1AC is what perpetuates settler traditions that are rooted in the logic of domination – centering Indigenous scholarship and questions of epistemology is your role as a judgeSeawright 14 Gardner Seawright is a doctoral candidate in the Education, Culture, and Society department at the University of Utah. "Settler Traditions of Place: Making Explicit the Epistemological Legacy of White Supremacy and Settler Colonialism for Place-Based Education." EDUCATIONAL STUDIES, 50: 554–572, 2014, American Educational Studies Association. JJN AND cat- alyze critical consciousness to imagine and hopefully actualize an alternative epistemology. | 4/9/22 |
JF - K - Settler Colonialism v2Tournament: Tournament of Champions | Round: 4 | Opponent: Sidwell SW | Judge: Emmiee Malyugina 2Settler colonialism requires the elimination of Native life and the dispossession of land. This dispossession is borne by living and dead Native women who are rendered extractable because they signify the possibility of Native futures.Simpson 16 (Audra, Kahnawake Mohawks, Associate Professor of Anthropology, The State is a Man: Theresa Spence, Loretta Saunders and the Gender of Settler Sovereignty Theory and Event 19 (4): in press., JKS) AND violence of colonialism is not over, it is ongoing (Coulthard 2014). "Feminist Affirmations" precludes and covers up oppression of indigenous peoples, which only further recreates settler colonialism.Grande 4 (Sandy, Associate Professor of Education at Connecticut College, Ph.D., "Red Pedagogy", pg. 124-126) AND (re)inviting examinations of the field from a variety of perspectives. Irigaray’s "utopia" mis-understands appropriative nature of relationality from different cultures – your idea of an utopia consolidates Eurocentrism via parasitic forms of inclusion.Deutscher 18, Penelope. "A politics of impossible difference." A Politics of Impossible Difference. Cornell University Press, 2018. (a professor of philosophy at Northwestern University whose work focuses on French philosophy from the 20th and 21st centuries and gender theory.)Elmer AND the east precludes an engagement with the inevitably appropriative stance underlying that depiction? Psychoanalysis presumes a universal desire as its starting point. This denies the historical, political, and cultural contingency required for recognition of the other. This is the epistemological basis of colonialismRogers 17 (Juliet, Criminology@Melbourne, Is Psychoanalysis Universal? Politics, Desire, and Law in Colonial Contexts," Political Psychology, Vol. 38, No. 4) AND which itself cannot not be understood without its resonances to the French Revolution. Their mimicry of the Resolution is not radical but slips into the assimilation of Otherness within a recognizable frame furthering Colonialism.Bhabha 84, Homi. "Of mimicry and man: The ambivalence of colonial discourse." October 28 (1984): 125-133. (Professor of the Humanities, Harvard University)Elmer AND its strategic failure, so that mimicry is at once resemblance and menace. The aff is colonial equivocation – by uncritically slapping the label of colonialism on everything from "the coloniality of patriarchy" to indicating that "the machine enters the … narrative in the role of … the "savage."" "This new "savage"" cannot be described "in the same rhetoric as the Indian" because settler colonialism is a unique phenomenonTuck and Yang 12 (Eve Tuck, Unangax, State University of New York at New Paltz K. Wayne Yang University of California, San Diego, Decolonization is not a metaphor, Decolonization: Indigeneity, Education and Society Vol. 1, No. 1, 2012, pp. 1-40) SM AND are cryptic about Indigenous land rights in spaces inhabited by people of color. Vote negative to endorse a cartography of refusalDay 15 Iyko, Associate Professor of English. Chair, Critical Social Thought. "Being or Nothingness: Indigeneity, Antiblackness, and Settler Colonial Critique." Source: Critical Ethnic Studies, Vol. 1, No. 2 (Fall 2015), pp. 102-121 Elmer AND states unambiguously, "For Indigenous nations to live, capitalism must die." | 4/24/22 |
JF - K - TaoismTournament: California Round Robin | Round: 6 | Opponent: Marlborough WR | Judge: Holden Bukowsky, Aryan Jasani 1The good traveler has no fixed plans—no alt needed because the joy of life comes spontaneously in accepting the Tao as it is—social engineering results in serial policy failure, is the root cause of endless suffering and accelerates spiritual decaySlabbert 1 (Jos, Taoist teacher, "Tao Te Ching: How to Deal With Suffering," http://www.taoism.net/theway/suffer.htm shree, ev under erasure) AND the more we tamper with it, the more damage we will do. | 2/18/22 |
JF - K - ZoroastrianismTournament: California Round Robin | Round: 5 | Opponent: Isidore Newman EE | Judge: Gordon Krauss, Parth Shah 1The 1AC is wedded to informational and corporeal coherence that denies how all political messages dissolve into dissuasive flux and how life is reversible with death, inevitably degenerating to dust—the demand for composition is creation-ist chauvinism that promotes serial policy failure by occluding the complexity of IR, accelerates the sadism of the death drive that turns case, and alienates us theologically from the Zoroastian sublime. No alt needed—ashes to ashes, dust to dust.Negarestani 8 (CYCLONOPEDIA complicity with anonymous materials Reza Negarestani incognitum hactenus by Kristen Alvanson re.press Melbourne 2008 Reza Negarestani is an Iranian philosopher and writer, PHD continental philosophy http://re-press.org/books/cyclonopedia-complicity-with-anonymous-materials/-BRW) AND crystallized as insiders can be traced through the panorama of ‘Reduction to Dust’ | 2/18/22 |
JF - K - ZoroastrianismTournament: California Round Robin | Round: 5 | Opponent: Isidore Newman EE | Judge: Gordon Krauss, Parth Shah 1The 1AC is wedded to informational and corporeal coherence that denies how all political messages dissolve into dissuasive flux and how life is reversible with death, inevitably degenerating to dust—the demand for composition is creation-ist chauvinism that promotes serial policy failure by occluding the complexity of IR, accelerates the sadism of the death drive that turns case, and alienates us theologically from the Zoroastian sublime. No alt needed—ashes to ashes, dust to dust.Negarestani 8 (CYCLONOPEDIA complicity with anonymous materials Reza Negarestani incognitum hactenus by Kristen Alvanson re.press Melbourne 2008 Reza Negarestani is an Iranian philosopher and writer, PHD continental philosophy http://re-press.org/books/cyclonopedia-complicity-with-anonymous-materials/-BRW) AND crystallized as insiders can be traced through the panorama of ‘Reduction to Dust’ | 2/18/22 |
JF - T - AppropriationTournament: debateLA Challenge | Round: 2 | Opponent: Strath Haven AM | Judge: Danielle Dosch, Truman Le 2Interp – Appropriation means permanent control over a region of space.Trapp 13, Timothy Justin. "Taking up Space by Any Other Means: Coming to Terms with Nonappropriation Article of the Outer Space Treaty." U. Ill. L. Rev. (2013): 1681. (JD Candidate at UIUC Law School)Re-cut by Elmer AND the Bogotá Declaration were try3ing to accomplish, albeit through different means.219 2~ Violation – Space Tourism is travel over a short duration – the events are neither permanent nor limit other uses by other actors of a particular region of space – even if they win singular examples of tourism that could be appropriation, they explicitly include travel that is temporary which makes the Aff Extra-Topical at best.Henderson and Tsui 19 Henderson, I. L., and W. H. K. Tsui. "The role of niche aviation operations as tourist attractions." Air transport: A tourism perspective (2019): 233-244. (Massey University School of Aviation, Palmerston North, New Zealand)Elmer AND taken up into the stratosphere and is sold for €17,500. 3~ Standards –a~ Limits – temporary actions explodes Ground – Aff’s can affect temporary docking of private actors on the ISS, using lunar bases in a temporary manner for broader space exploration efforts, and temporary satellites which devastates neg prep burdens.b~ Ground – temporary actions means the neg can’t say private appropriation good since it assumes permanence – we lose any link magnitude since the plan only effects a small amount of time. | 2/5/22 |
JF - T - Appropriation v2Tournament: Peninsula Invitational | Round: Quarters | Opponent: Immaculate Heart RR | Judge: Kabir Dubey, Anish Ramireddy, Darin Park T Appropriation – Space TourismInterp: Appropriation is defined as exclusive and permanent.Taylor 19 (Kurt Taylor, ~Writer for the Emory international law review~ 2019, "Fictions of the Final Frontier: Why the United States SPACE Act of 2015 Is Illegal", Emory Law, accessed: 1-23-2022, https://ir.lawnet.fordham.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1966andcontext=flr) ajs AND individuals and entities that attain property rights under the authority of a sovereign. 2~ Violation – noLimits – they expand the topic to anything that can take up a specially temporal spot – any form of rocket, launches, and individual weapons, asats, shuttles, all become topical and topic DAs like innovation, mining good, deterrence, lashout args assumes permanence – we lose any link magnitude since the plan only effects a small amount of time. | 1/24/22 |
JF - T - Appropriation v3Tournament: Barkley Forum for High Schools | Round: Octas | Opponent: Cardinal Gibbons RS | Judge: Rafael Li, Julian Kuffour, Tyler Wood 1Interp: Appropriation is defined as exclusive and permanent.Taylor 19 (Kurt Taylor, ~Writer for the Emory international law review~ 2019, "Fictions of the Final Frontier: Why the United States SPACE Act of 2015 Is Illegal", Emory Law, accessed: 1-23-2022, https://ir.lawnet.fordham.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1966andcontext=flr) ajs AND individuals and entities that attain property rights under the authority of a sovereign. Violation – constellations aren’t exclusive or permanentJohnson 20 (Christopher Johnson, ~Space Law Advisor for Secure World Foundation and has nine years of professional experience in international space law and policy.~, 3-5-2020, "The Legal Status of MegaLEO Constellations and Concerns About Appropriation of Large Swaths of Earth Orbit", SpringerLink, accessed: 1-24-2022, https://link.springer.com/referenceworkentry/10.10072F978-3-030-20707-6'95-1) ajs AND a future we want, where all can benefit from space technologies and capabilities 1~ Limits – they expand the topic to anything that can take up a specially temporal spot – any form of rocket, launches, and individual weapons, asats, shuttles, all become topical and topic DAs like innovation, mining good, deterrence, individual sats lashout args assumes permanence – we lose any link magnitude since the plan only effects a small amount of time.2~ Precision – prefer our ev –a. recent so considers current space trendsb. in the context of the OST and supported by space law means its germane to the topic litc. intent to define best bc otherwise doesn’t count as a definitionVoters:Fairness and education are voters – debate’s a game that needs rules to evaluate itand education gives us portable skills for life like research and thinking.Precision OWs - anything else justifies the aff arbitrarily jettisoning words in the resolution at their whim which decks negative ground and preparation because the aff is no longer bounded by the resolution.Drop the debater –a) they have a 7-6 rebuttal advantage and the 2ar to make args I can’t respond to,b) it deters future abuse and sets a positive norm.Use competing interps –a) reasonability invites arbitrary judge intervention since we don’t know your bs meter,b) collapses to competing interps – we justify 2 brightlines under an offense defense paradigm just like 2 interps.No RVIs –a) illogical – you shouldn’t win for being fair – it’s a litmus test for engaging in substance,b) norming – I can’t concede the counterinterp if I realize I’m wrong which forces me to argue for bad norms,c) baiting – incentivizes good debaters to be abusive, bait theory, then collapse to the 1AR RVI,d) topic ed – prevents 1AR blipstorm scripts and allows us to get back to substance after resolving theory¬¬Evaluate T before 1AR theory –a) norms – we only have a couple months to set T norms but can set 1AR theory norms anytime,b) magnitude – T affects a larger portion of the debate since the aff advocacy determines every speech after it | 3/25/22 |
JF - T - Appropriation v4Tournament: California Invitational Berkeley Debate | Round: 3 | Opponent: Southlake Carroll PK | Judge: Emmiee Malyugina 1Interp: Appropriation is defined as exclusive and permanent.Taylor 19 (Kurt Taylor, ~Writer for the Emory international law review~ 2019, "Fictions of the Final Frontier: Why the United States SPACE Act of 2015 Is Illegal", Emory Law, accessed: 1-23-2022, https://ir.lawnet.fordham.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1966andcontext=flr) ajs AND individuals and entities that attain property rights under the authority of a sovereign.
Violation: They don’t meet the "exclusive" portion – orbital slots aren’t because the ITU grants temporary, forfeitable licensesBlodger 16 ~{JD Candidate, 2016, University of Minnesota Law School; BA Hillsdale College, 2013. I would like to thank Professor Carbone and the MJLST editors and staff for their feedback, edits, and guidance throughout this process. "Reclassifying Geostationary Earth Orbit as Private Property: Why Natural Law and Utilitarian Theories of Property Demand Privatization." https://scholarship.law.umn.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1006andcontext=mjlst~~ AND basis for preventing private ownership, but also employs the exceptions Grotius identifies. Can be hundreds which is current sats which aren’t appropriation bc other sats can be in the same orbitHidalgo (Sebastian Hidalgo, ~Research Coordinator for Cloudflight~, ND, "Why satellite mega-constellations could be a problem – Cloudflight", Cloudflight, accessed: 1-29-2022, https://www.cloudflight.io/expert-views/why-satellite-mega-constellations-could-be-a-problem-47440/) ajs 1~ Limits – they expand the topic to anything that can take up a specially temporal spot – any form of rocket, launches, and individual weapons, asats, shuttles, all become topical and topic DAs like innovation, mining good, deterrence, individual sats lashout args assumes permanence – we lose any link magnitude since the plan only effects a small amount of time.2~ Precision – prefer our ev – a. recent so considers current space trends b. in the context of the OST and supported by space law means its germane to the topic lit c. intent to define best bc otherwise doesn’t count as a definitionVoters:Precision OWs - anything else justifies the aff arbitrarily jettisoning words in the resolution at their whim which decks negative ground and preparation because the aff is no longer bounded by the resolution.Drop the debater – a) they have a 7-6 rebuttal advantage and the 2ar to make args I can’t respond to, b) it deters future abuse and sets a positive norm.Use competing interps – reasonability invites arbitrary judge intervention since we don’t know your bs meter,No RVIs – a) illogical – you shouldn’t win for being fair – it’s a litmus test for engaging in substance, b) norming – I can’t concede the counterinterp if I realize I’m wrong which forces me to argue for bad norms,1AR theory is skewed towards the aff – a) the 2NR must cover substance and over-cover theory, since they get the collapse and persuasive spin advantage of the 3min 2AR, b) their responses to my counter interp will be new, which means 1AR theory necessitates intervention. Implications – a) reject 1AR theory since it can’t be a legitimate check for abuse, b) drop the arg to minimize the chance the round is decided unfairly, c) use reasonability with a bar of defense or the aff always wins since the 2AR can line by line the whole 2NR without winning real abuse | 2/20/22 |
JF - T - Appropriation v5Tournament: National Debate Coaches Association National Championships | Round: 1 | Opponent: Notre Dame AG | Judge: Madeleine Conrad-Mogin Interpretation and violation: appropriation requires the exclusive use of property with a sense of permanence - satellites don’t meet that criteriaGorove 84 Stephen Gorove, Major Legal Issues Arising from the Use of the Geostationary Orbit, 5 MICH. J. INT'L L. 3 (1984). Available at: https://repository.law.umich.edu/mjil/vol5/iss1/1 RD Debatedrills AND appear to fall under the prohibition of article II of the 1967 Treaty. Independently, satellite positioning is de facto appropriation, not appropriation proper – repeatedly upheld in application of space lawMatignon 19 ~Louis de Gouyon Matignon, PhD in space law from Georgetown University, "ORBITAL SLOTS AND SPACE CONGESTION," 06/03/19, Space Legal Issues, https://www.spacelegalissues.com/orbital-slots-and-space-congestion/, EA~ AND free access and priority given to the first satellites placed in geostationary orbit. Past international legal precedent is the only way to resolve legal ambiguities of space law and terminology – reject random lawyers writing their aff is topicalTrapp 13 (TIMOTHY JUSTIN TRAPP, JD Candidate @ UIUC Law, ‘13, TAKING UP SPACE BY ANY OTHER MEANS: COMING TO TERMS WITH THE NONAPPROPRIATION ARTICLE OF THE OUTER SPACE TREATY UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS LAW REVIEW ~Vol. 2013 No. 4~)DebateDrills RD AND (or at least tolerated) and what has been prohibited or rejected. Precision comes first and link turns predictable limits – the resolution is the only predictable stasis point for dividing ground—any deviation justifies the aff arbitrarily jettisoning words in the resolution at their whim which decks negative ground and preparation because the aff is no longer bounded by a predictable stasis point.Predictable limits—including satellite slots offers huge explosion in the topic since they get permutations of different satellite systems – LEO MEO and GEO, plus different companies, plus sizes of constellations, et cetera. Letting temporary occupation be appropriation is a limits diaster - any aff about a single space ship, satellite, probe, or weapon would be T because they temporarily occupy space. Limits explodes neg prep burden and draws un-reciprocal lines of debate, where the aff is always ahead, turns their pragmatics offenseTopicality is a voting issue that should be evaluated through competing interpretations – it tells the negative what they do and do not have to prepare for—there’s no way for the negative to know what constitutes a "reasonable interpretation" when we do prep – reasonability is arbitrary and causes a race to the bottom, proliferating abuseDtd – no arg + norms | 4/9/22 |
JF - T - Cant Spec AppropriationTournament: debateLA Challenge | Round: 6 | Opponent: Strath Haven AM | Judge: Rodrigo Paramo, Derek Hilligoss 2Interpretation: "the appropriation of outer space" is a generic indefinite singular. The aff may not defend a subset of appropriation of outer space by private entities being unjust.The definite article "the" makes the rez a definite singular – it’s genericCCC n.d. ~Capital Community College, a nonprofit 501 c-3 organization that supports scholarships, faculty development, and curriculum innovation.~ "Articles, Determiners, and Quantifiers." Capital Community College. http://grammar.ccc.commnet.edu/grammar/determiners/determiners.htm~~#articles TG AND former (see beagle sentence) refers to all members of that class. The upward entailment test and adverb test determine the genericity of a definite singularLeslie 16 ~Sarah-Jane Leslie, Ph.D., Princeton, 2007. Dean of the Graduate School and Class of 1943 Professor of Philosophy. Served as the vice dean for faculty development in the Office of the Dean of the Faculty, director of the Program in Linguistics, and founding director of the Program in Cognitive Science at Princeton University.~ "Generic Generalizations." Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. April 24, 2016. https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/generics/ TG
AND perhaps better used than "usually" to mark off the generic reading.) It applies to "the appropriation of outer space" – 1~ upward entailment test – "the appropriation of outer space is unjust" doesn’t entail that "the use of outer space is unjust" because it doesn’t mean compulsory voting in dictatorships, 2~ adverb test – "the appropriation of outer space is usually unjust" doesn’t mean anything substantially different from the rezViolation – they only defend ''''Vote neg:1~ Limits – they can pick any form of appropriation from internet satellites to asteroid mining to moon basing to Mars colonization and there’s no universal disad since they’re all different and require different uses space – explodes neg prep and leads to random appropriation of the week affs which makes cutting stable neg links impossible. PICs don’t solve – it’s absurd to say neg potential abuse justifies the aff being flat out not T, which leads to a race towards abuse. Limits key to reciprocal engagement since they create a caselist for neg prep.2~ TVA – read the aff as an advantage to a whole rez aff. | 1/15/22 |
JF - T - Cant Spec Appropriation v2Tournament: Peninsula Invitational | Round: Quarters | Opponent: Immaculate Heart RR | Judge: Kabir Dubey, Anish Ramireddy, Darin Park T Generic – AppropriationInterpretation: The aff may not defend a subset of appropriation of outer space by private entities being unjust.Violation – they only defend ''''Vote neg:1~ Limits – they can pick any form of appropriation from internet satellites to asteroid mining to moon basing to Mars colonization and there’s no universal disad since they’re all different and require different uses space – explodes neg prep and leads to random appropriation of the week affs which makes cutting stable neg links impossible.2~ TVA – read the aff as an advantage to a whole rez aff. | 1/24/22 |
JF - T - Must Spec Level of AppropriationTournament: California Invitational Berkeley Debate | Round: 6 | Opponent: Sage MP | Judge: Brianna Aaron Violation – they said that definition will happen post plan / depends on random mathematical things Voter for stable ground – they can infinitely shift the 1ar to defend more or less sats depending on neg ground to spike out of DAs and to always have Sds vs cps – at worse give us NDC bc only we have an explaiti def – there 1ac card j says could consist in defining a threshold | 2/20/22 |
JF - T - Must Spec Level of RestrictionTournament: California Invitational Berkeley Debate | Round: Triples | Opponent: Harker GS | Judge: Courtney Coffman, Gordon Krauss, Jack Quisenberry 2Interp: If the aff defends a restriction on appropriation they must specify to what level the restriction is and what forms of mining they ban.Violation: Their aff just vaguely says restrict and cx proves – they say dangerous but that’s def not in the ptx which proves arbitarary Vote neg for stable ground — restrict can mean anything from regulating forms of mining to a complete ban - that decks predictable neg ground because they can delink from DA by redefining the aff - for example, they could adopt a narrow definition of mining to delink from DAs like mining or innovation, or pivot to a broad definition if they’re behind on solvencyIndependently, vote neg on presumption - private entities will just interpret restrict narrowly as possible which also splits multilateralism because different countries can restrict differently. If they fiat anything other than the plan that’s a voter for extra t – allows affirmatives to add on infinite planks to spike out of neg offense | 2/21/22 |
JF - T - Must Spec Lunar HeritageTournament: California Round Robin | Round: 2 | Opponent: Diamond Bar NC | Judge: Gabriel Morbeck, Claudia Ribera 1Interp: if the aff defends that appropriation of lunar heritage site by private entities is unjust, they must define what a lunar heritage site is in a delineated text in the 1ACVote neg for stable ground — there is no global definition of lunar heritage site since UNESCO is yet to recognize any heritage sites on the moon, the US’s definition is not predictable on a global topic and nebulous - for example, the NASA website excludes chinese landing sites but their aff ev refers to heritage sites as past landing sites - that decks predictable neg ground because they can delink from DA by redefining the aff - for example, they could adopt a narrow definition of heritage sites to delink from DAs like mining or innovation, or pivot to a broad definition if they’re behind on solvencyIndependently, vote neg on presumption - private entities will just interpret heritage sites narrowly as possible eg UNESCO heritage sites which don’t exist on the moonDrop the debater – a) they have a 7-6 rebuttal advantage and the 2ar to make args I can’t respond to, b) it deters future abuse and sets a positive norm.Use competing interps – a) reasonability invites arbitrary judge intervention since we don’t know your bs meter, b) collapses to competing interps – we justify 2 brightlines under an offense defense paradigm just like 2 interps.No RVIs – baiting – incentivizes good debaters to be abusive, bait theory, then collapse to the 1AR RVI | 2/18/22 |
JF - T - PrivateTournament: Barkley Forum for High Schools | Round: Octas | Opponent: Cardinal Gibbons RS | Judge: Rafael Li, Julian Kuffour, Tyler Wood 3Interp – the aff must only defend that the appropriation of outer space by private entities is unjust.Private entities are non-governmental.Dunk 11 Von Der Dunk, Frans G. "1. The Origins Of Authorisation: Article VI Of The Outer Space Treaty And International Space Law." National Space Legislation in Europe. Brill Nijhoff, 2011. 3-28. (University of Nebraska)Elmer AND . Partly, this was the consequence of key principles being left undefined. Violation – the aff defends ~countries passing a ban/a multi-lateral agreement between states~ which is beyond the scope of the resolution.Negate for predictable limits and ground – allows defending any number of agreements and mechanisms which explodes predictable limits – shifts the topic to not appropriation good/bad but how we should end it which skews neg prep. They get a bunch of new advantage ground like multilateral governance good or PTD perception spill-over which lets them sidestep links.TVA – defend ~appropriation/space mining/etc~ being bad without the ~state ban/multilateral governance~ part of the plan. | 3/25/22 |
JF - T - UnjustTournament: Harvard Westlake Debates | Round: 3 | Opponent: Dougherty Valley KM | Judge: Eric Deng 2Interpretation – Unjust refers to a negative action – it means contrary.Blacks Law No Date "What is Unjust?" https://thelawdictionary.org/unjust/ Elmer Violation – The Aff is a positive action – it creates a new multilateral Space Resource Fund and doesn’t say commercial mining bad.Vote Neg –1~ Limits – allowing them to defend everything from mining ok to regulated explodes predictability – it means that Aff’s can make their affs anything tangentially related to appropration – makes the topic untenable. Their interpretation includes the PTD expansion Aff, DD’s OST Aff, and any reform CP as an aff.2~ Ground – wrecks Neg Generics – we can’t say appropriation good because the aff will just no link which destroys all neg generics like innovation, heg, mining good, debris good, etc | 1/16/22 |
JF - T - VaguenessTournament: Golden Desert Debate Tournament at UNLV | Round: Quarters | Opponent: Strake Jesuit KS | Judge: Jonathan Meza, Claudia Ribera, Yoyo Lei 1 – VaguenessInterp - If the Affirmative specifies "Appropriation that produces Debris" – they must clearly de-lineate a clear parameter and definition for what "produces Debris" constitutes.Violation – they don’t. They will outline particular examples BUT that doesn’t meet since they haven’t produced a metric or brightline for determining what type of appropriation is banned by the Plan.Three Implications:1~ The term "debris" itself is meaningless in international agreements – impossible to come to consensus – independently means you Vote Negative on Presumption since the Plan does nothing since everyone will deny they produce "Debris".Munters 16 Ward Munters 2016 "Space debris conundrum for international law makers" https://room.eu.com/article/space-debris-conundrum-for-international-law-makers (Leuven Centre for Global Governance Studies, Belgium)Elmer AND could freely remove pieces of debris that pose a threat in Earth orbit. 2~ Neg Ground – without anything de-lineated in the 1AC – it can become as limiting or under-limiting as they deem strategic given the 1NC which makes Negative prep impossible since they will always shift the ground of "what produces debris". Fairness is a voter since its necessary for Debate to continue to occur.3~ At worst – auto-grant us competition for Links since they haven’t grounded a definition of the Plan which means any No Link is arbitrary – best remedy for vague and un-predictable Plan Texts.CX checks is arbitrary and unlimiting – allows them to change from round-to-round which ruins pre-round prep since we can’t predict it.~Competing Interps~ – Reasonability is arbitrary and causes a race to the bottom of questionable argumentation.~No RVI’s~ – 1~ Forces the 1NC to go all-in on Theory which kills substance education, 2~ Encourages Baiting since the 1AC will purposely be abusive, and 3~ Illogical – you shouldn’t win for not being abusive. | 2/12/22 |
JF - T - Vagueness v2Tournament: Palm Classic | Round: 1 | Opponent: Harker AS | Judge: Ari Davidson 3Interp; debaters must delinate (extempted vagueness for restrict)2~ Neg Ground – without anything de-lineated in the 1AC – it can become as limiting or under-limiting as they deem strategic given the 1NC which makes Negative prep impossible since they will always shift the ground of "what produces debris". Fairness is a voter since its necessary for Debate to continue to occur.3~ At worst – auto-grant us competition for Links since they haven’t grounded a definition of the Plan which means any No Link is arbitrary – best remedy for vague and un-predictable Plan Texts. | 2/12/22 |
SO - CP - AMRTournament: Nano Nagle RR | Round: 2 | Opponent: Harker DV | Judge: Felicity Park 2CP: The member nations of the World Trade Organization should allow exclusivity to be extended indefinitely for antimicrobial drugs per Salmieri. The member nations of the World Trade Organization should reduce intellectual property protections for all other emergency use listing medicines during public health emergencies.Salmieri 18 "INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY AND THE FREEDOM NEEDED TO SOLVE THE CRISIS OF RESISTANT INFECTIONS" 2018 Gregory Salmieri ~Ph.D., Philosophy, 2008, University of Pittsburgh; B.A. 2001, The College of New Jersey. Fellow, The Anthem Foundation for Objectivist Scholarship; Lecturer, Philosophy Department, Rutgers University~ http://georgemasonlawreview.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/26-1'7-Salmieri.pdf SM AND commons that could be rectified by policies analogous to the one suggested here. AMR competes – that’s the UN.UN 18 12 November 2018 "Antimicrobial resistance a 'global health emergency,' UN, ahead of awareness week" https://news.un.org/en/node/1025511/antimicrobial-resistance-a-global-health-emergency-un-ahead-of-awareness-week-2 SM AND health issue to be tackled with as much urgency as Ebola and HIV. Even if the aff incentivizes innovation they cannot incentivize innovation in anti-microbial research – the problem right now is lack of profit incentives for innovation and responsible stewardship.Salmieri 18 "INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY AND THE FREEDOM NEEDED TO SOLVE THE CRISIS OF RESISTANT INFECTIONS" 2018 Gregory Salmieri ~Ph.D., Philosophy, 2008, University of Pittsburgh; B.A. 2001, The College of New Jersey. Fellow, The Anthem Foundation for Objectivist Scholarship; Lecturer, Philosophy Department, Rutgers University~ http://georgemasonlawreview.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/26-1'7-Salmieri.pdf SM AND use of antibiotics make them relatively unprofitable compared with other disease areas.20 Only antimicrobial resistance causes extinction—-that’s the aff | 10/11/21 |
SO - CP - BiotechTournament: Loyola Invitational | Round: 4 | Opponent: Southlake Carroll EP | Judge: Lena Mizrahi 5CP: The member nations of the World Trade Organization with the exception of the United States should reduce intellectual property protections for COVID-19 medicines. The United States should reduce intellectual property for COVID-19 vaccines.Solves 99 of the aff – all of their advantages are about vaccine distribution US dominance is secured in biotech now, but China’s closing the gap fast – that allows geopolitical and economic advantagesScott Moore 20 ~(Director of the Penn Global China Program at the University of Pennsylvania. Previously, Moore was a Young Professional and Water Resources Management Specialist at the World Bank Group, and Environment, Science, Technology, and Health Officer for China at the U.S.) "China’s Role In The Global Biotechnology Sector And Implications For U.S. Policy" https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/FP'20200427'china'biotechnology'moore.pdf~~TDI AND the implications of developments in Chinese biotechnology for U.S. policy. The aff’s waiving of IP doesn’t solve but it does give away sensitive national security information that allows China to lead ahead in biotechJosh Rogin 4-8. ~(Washington Post Columnist covering National Security Issues.) "Opinion: The wrong way to fight vaccine nationalism" https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/global-opinions/the-wrong-way-to-fight-vaccine-nationalism/2021/04/08/9a65e15e-98a8-11eb-962b-78c1d8228819'story.html ~ TDI AND helping the world and thinking about our strategic interests at the same time. US leniency in vaccine IPR jeopardizes competitiveness across sectors – green tech, AI, semiconductors, aerospace, biotech, and roboticsDuesterberg 21 Thomas J. (Thomas J. Duesterberg is a senior fellow at the Hudson Institute. An expert on trade, manufacturing, economics and foreign policy, he leads project work on trade with Europe and China.), 6-3-2021, "Biden says he wants to out-compete China — so why attack US medical innovation?," TheHill, https://thehill.com/opinion/healthcare/556043-biden-says-he-wants-to-out-compete-china-so-why-attack-us-medical ~ TDI AND over international trade to block this danger to domestic high-technology industries. China will convert biotechnology gains to military advantages, undermining US primacy – specifically true in the context of vaccinesMercy A. Kuo 2017 ~(Executive Vice President at Pamir Consulting.) "The Great US-China Biotechnology and Artificial Intelligence Race" https://thediplomat.com/2017/08/the-great-us-china-biotechnology-and-artificial-intelligence-race/~~ TDI AND are tailored to overcome the immune system or the microbiome of specific populations. Primacy and allied commitments solve arms races and great power war – their Brands card | 9/26/21 |
SO - CP - Chinese InnovationTournament: Loyola Invitational | Round: 5 | Opponent: Memorial SC | Judge: Gordon Krauss 2The member nations of the World Trade Organization except for the People’s Republic of China ought to reduce intellectual property protections for medicines by implementing a one-and-done approach for patent protection.Solves 99 of case – other countries can do innovating China is geared up to become Biotech lead.CAS 7/20 ~(CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, partners with RandD organizations globally to provide actionable scientific insights that help them plan, innovate, protect their innovations, and predict how new markets and opportunities will evolve. Leverage our unparalleled content, specialized technology, and unmatched human expertise to customize solutions that will give your organization an information advantage.), "3 reasons biotech is booming in China: How can you capitalize on the growth?", https://www.cas.org/resources/blog/3-reasons-biotech-booming-china-how-can-you-capitalize-growth, July 20, 2021~ TDI AND market and intellectual property landscape, as well as governmental and cultural factors. ====US biotech stocks down now.==== AND legislation. All of this comes amid a backdrop of rising interest rates. Their unq and il studies are just abt the US – Sequoia reads yellowFeldman 1 Robin Feldman 2-11-2019 "‘One-and-done’ for new drugs could cut patent thickets and boost generic competition" https://www.statnews.com/2019/02/11/drug-patent-protection-one-done/ (Arthur J. Goldberg Distinguished Professor of Law, Albert Abramson ’54 Distinguished Professor of Law Chair, and Director of the Center for Innovation)SidK + Elmer AND billions of dollars while increasing the incentives for pharmaceutical companies to achieve breakthroughs." CP solves innovation in every other country BUT reversing Chinese lead is key. They can’t get out of this otherwise the aff has zero solvency.Chinese tech leadership leads to nuclear warKroenig 18 (Matthew, Deputy Director for Strategy, Scowcroft Center for Strategy and Security Associate Professor of Government and Foreign Service, Georgetown University) "Will disruptive technology cause nuclear war?" BAS, Nov 12, 2018, https://thebulletin.org/2018/11/will-disruptive-technology-cause-nuclear-war AND race for technological superiority to its autocratic challengers just might mean nuclear Armageddon. | 9/5/21 |
SO - CP - Chinese Innovation v2Tournament: Loyola Invitational | Round: Doubles | Opponent: Westwood BJ | Judge: Claudia Ribera, David Dosch, Danielle Dosch 4The member nations of the World Trade Organization except for the People’s Republic of China ought to reduce intellectual property protections for medicines by implementing a one-and-done approach for patent protection.Solves 99 of case – other countries can do innovating esp cuz the majority of their impact evidence is contextual to the US China is geared up to become Biotech lead.CAS 7/20 ~(CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, partners with RandD organizations globally to provide actionable scientific insights that help them plan, innovate, protect their innovations, and predict how new markets and opportunities will evolve. Leverage our unparalleled content, specialized technology, and unmatched human expertise to customize solutions that will give your organization an information advantage.), "3 reasons biotech is booming in China: How can you capitalize on the growth?", https://www.cas.org/resources/blog/3-reasons-biotech-booming-china-how-can-you-capitalize-growth, July 20, 2021~ TDI AND market and intellectual property landscape, as well as governmental and cultural factors. ====US biotech stocks down now.==== AND legislation. All of this comes amid a backdrop of rising interest rates. CP solves innovation in every other country BUT reversing Chinese lead is key. They can’t get out of this otherwise the aff has zero solvency.Chinese tech leadership leads to nuclear warKroenig 18 (Matthew, Deputy Director for Strategy, Scowcroft Center for Strategy and Security Associate Professor of Government and Foreign Service, Georgetown University) "Will disruptive technology cause nuclear war?" BAS, Nov 12, 2018, https://thebulletin.org/2018/11/will-disruptive-technology-cause-nuclear-war AND race for technological superiority to its autocratic challengers just might mean nuclear Armageddon. | 9/6/21 |
SO - CP - Chinese Innovation v3Tournament: Nano Nagle RR | Round: 2 | Opponent: Harker DV | Judge: Felicity Park 3CP: The member nations of the World Trade Organization ought to reduce intellectual property protections for emergency use listing medicines during public health emergencies other than Covid-19 of international concern.The People’s Republic of China should:- substantially increase innovation funding, production and global distribution of COVID-19 Vaccines for all current and future waves of the pandemic- includes Sinovac, sionpharm, and any future vaccines - cooperate with allies to achieve increased production and global distribution of the COVID-19 Vaccine.Solves case – China vaccinates the world – even if I kick the counterplan distribution happens anywayPreempt bad – Gostin just manufacturing ~good bc quantity + new waves – cp solves both AND is crucial that everything arrives at the right location at the right time." China’s using absence of vaccine alternates to assert influence.Zhao 4-29 Suisheng Zhao 4-29-2021 "Why China’s vaccine diplomacy is winning" https://www.eastasiaforum.org/2021/04/29/why-chinas-vaccine-diplomacy-is-winning/ (Professor and Director of the Center for China–US Cooperation at the Josef Korbel School of International Studies, University of Denver)Elmer AND countries, receive the vaccines they need to finally beat COVID-19. Waivers are a critical issue in the perceptual ineptness of America and the West.Pratt and Levin 4-29 Simon Frankel Pratt and Jamie Levin 4-29-2021 "Vaccines Will Shape the New Geopolitical Order" https://archive.is/OgDcA~~#selection-847.23-857.11 (Simon Frankel Pratt is a lecturer in the School of Sociology, Politics, and International Studies at the University of Bristol. Jamie Levin is an assistant professor of political science at St. Francis Xavier University in Canada.)Elmer AND inequities within already inequitable trade relationships between these countries and the global south. Chinese hegemony squashes separatist movements.Ryan D. Griffiths 16, Sydney IR senior lecturer, "States, Nations, and Territorial Stability: Why Chinese Hegemony Would Be Better for International Order," Security Studies, 25:3, 519-545 AND fragmentation.78 This is where Chinese hegemony ought to improve international order. WWIII – turns and outweighs the entire case because it makes management of the commons impossibleValaskakis 14, Former OECD Ambassador of Canada (Kimon, "Separatism Everywhere : The New Global Epidemic," http://www.huffingtonpost.com/kimon-valaskakis/separatism-everywhere-the'b'4977800.html) AND could increase the probability of a third one. Not an inspiring scenario. 1AR theory is skewed towards the aff – a) the 2NR must cover substance and over-cover theory, since they get the collapse and persuasive spin advantage of the 3min 2AR, b) their responses to my counter interp will be new, which means 1AR theory necessitates intervention. Implications – a) reject 1AR theory since it can’t be a legitimate check for abuse, b) drop the arg to minimize the chance the round is decided unfairlyCondo’s good – a) prep skew – they’re more familiar with the aff so I need to be able to leverage multiple forms of prep, b) reciprocity – no condo means every perm becomes a no risk issue which creates NIBs to ballot access | 10/11/21 |
SO - CP - Compulsory LicensingTournament: Loyola Invitational | Round: 2 | Opponent: Saratoga AG | Judge: Ben Cortez 3CP: The United States of America should declare covid a national emergency on the basis of and issue compulsory licenses for COVID-19 vaccines. Member nations should offer regulatory and legal assistance to nations filing a compulsory license.Compulsory licensing solves access- empirics and past precedentZhuang 2017 (Wei, PhD from the University of Geneva, is currently an associate in the Geneva Office of Van Bael and Bellis. She assists governments in WTO dispute settlement proceedings and advises companies and governments in trade remedy investigations. Prior to joining Van Bael and Bellis, Wei worked in the Legal Affairs Division of the WTO as part of a Secretariat Team on a trade remedy dispute from beginning to end. In addition, she assisted the WTO Secretariat Team in an IP-related dispute, including by contributing to the preliminary rulings. Wei has also gained practical experience as a legal consultant at the United Nations (2010 – 2011), as a legal intern at the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea (2009) and as an associate judicial officer at the Commission for Discipline Inspection (Muchuan Branch) in China. Wei was also a Marie Curie Fellow with the DISSETTLE (Dispute Settlement in Trade: Training in Law and Economics) Programme; a Visiting Fellow at the Lauterpacht Centre for International Law, University of Cambridge, and a Research Fellow at the Max Planck Institute for IP and Competition Law. Interpreting Patent-Related Flexibilities in the TRIIPS Agreement for Facilitating Innovation and Transfer of ESTs, chapter 6 of Intellectual Property Rights and Climate Change Cambridge University Press Pg. 298-304)DR 21 AND of compulsory licences as leverage in drug price negotiations with pharmaceutical companies.298 It’s goldilocks - protects patents while allowing urgent access – the perm or the aff shatters IP protections which crushes innovation while the CP strikes an accepted balanceBacchus 2020 (James, Adjunct Fellow, Cato Institute, former U.S. Representative (D-FL), and former Chairman, World Trade Organization’s Appellate Body. "An Unnecessary Proposal: A WTO Waiver of Intellectual Property Rights for COVID-19 Vaccines," Cato https://www.cato.org/free-trade-bulletin/unnecessary-proposal-wto-waiver-intellectual-property-rights-covid-19-vaccines~~#balancing-ip-rights-access-medicines-not-new-wto December 16, 2020)DR 21 AND balance in these rules between upholding IP rights and fulfilling immediate domestic needs. Biotech industry strong now – new innovation and RandD comingCancherini et al. 4/30 ~Laura, Engagement Manager @ McKinsey and Company, Joseph Lydon, Associate Partner @ McKinsey and Company, Jorge Santos Da Silva, Senior Partner at McKinsey and Company, and Alexandra Zemp, Partner at McKinsey and Company~ "What’s ahead for biotech: Another wave or low tide?", McKinsey and Company, 4-30-2021, https://www.mckinsey.com/industries/pharmaceuticals-and-medical-products/our-insights/whats-ahead-for-biotech-another-wave-or-low-tide ajs AND as multi-omics tailored diets) to a multitude of health applications. COVID exceptions erode IP policies broadly – plus their Jecker card spots us spilloverPRMA 21 The Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturers of America SPECIAL 301 SUBMISSION 2021 https://phrma.org/-/media/Project/PhRMA/PhRMA-Org/PhRMA-Org/PDF/P-R/PhRMA'2021-Special-301'Review'Comment-1.pdf SM AND pandemic, and will inevitably affect IP discussions in countries around the world. Undermines RandD and innovationMercurio 2/12 (Bryan Mercurio, ~Simon F.S. Li Professor of Law at the Chinese University of Hong Kong (CUHK), having served as Associate Dean (Research) from 2010-14 and again from 2017-19. Professor Mercurio specialises in international economic law (IEL), with particular expertise in the intersection between trade law and intellectual property rights, free trade agreements, trade in services, dispute settlement and increasingly international investment law.~, 2-12-2021, "WTO Waiver from Intellectual Property Protection for COVID-19 Vaccines and Treatments: A Critical Review", No Publication, accessed: 8-8-2021, https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract'id=3789820) ajs
AND jeopardy only in exchange for what is at best short-term benefits. Biopharmaceutical innovation is key to prevent future pandemics and bioterror – turns caseMarjanovic and Feijao 20 ~(Sonja Marjanovic, Ph.D., Judge Business School, University of Cambridge. Carolina Feijao, Ph.D. in biochemistry, University of Cambridge; M.Sc. in quantitative biology, Imperial College London; B.Sc. in biology, University of Lisbon.) "How to Best Enable Pharma Innovation Beyond the COVID-19 Crisis," RAND Corporation, 05-2020, https://www.rand.org/pubs/perspectives/PEA407-1.html~~ TDI AND such public health threats to an even greater extent under improved innovation conditions. COVID incentivizes engineered bioterror- extinctionWalsh, 20 — Axios Future correspondent ~Bryan Walsh, "The coronavirus pandemic reawakens bioweapon fears," Axios, 5-14-2020, https://www.axios.com/coronavirus-pandemic-pathogen-bioweapon-45417c86-52aa-41b1-8a99-44a6e597d3a8.html, accessed 9-7-2020~ AND could potentially make a dangerous engineered virus, whether deliberately or by accident. 1AR theory is skewed towards the aff – a) the 2NR must cover substance and over-cover theory, since they get the collapse and persuasive spin advantage of the 3min 2AR, b) their responses to my counter interp will be new, which means 1AR theory necessitates intervention. Implications – a) reject 1AR theory since it can’t be a legitimate check for abuse, b) drop the arg to minimize the chance the round is decided unfairly, | 9/5/21 |
SO - CP - Constitutional ConventionTournament: Loyola Invitational | Round: 2 | Opponent: Saratoga AG | Judge: Ben Cortez 5The United States, using a strictly limited constitutional convention ratified by at least thirty-eight of the States, should pass an amendment to the constitution that prohibits the usage of intellectual property protections for COVID-19 vaccines. | 9/5/21 |
SO - CP - DistributionTournament: Loyola Invitational | Round: 2 | Opponent: Saratoga AG | Judge: Ben Cortez 4The United States federal government should:- substantially increase production and global distribution of the COVID-19 Vaccine- cooperate with allies to achieve increased production and global distribution of the COVID-19 Vaccine.That solves better – IP rights don’t hinder vaccine cooperation, but manufacturing capacity is the current constraint.Hans Sauer 6-17 ~(Deputy General Counsel, Biotechnology Industry Organization.) "Web event — Confronting Joe Biden’s proposed TRIPS waiver for COVID-19 vaccines and treatments" https://www.aei.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/210617-Confronting-Joe-Bidens-proposed-TRIPS-waiver.pdf?x91208andx91208~~ TDI AND governments to stop export controls and to dedicate themselves to more global equity. | 9/5/21 |
SO - CP - Distribution v2Tournament: Loyola Invitational | Round: 4 | Opponent: Southlake Carroll EP | Judge: Lena Mizrahi 3The United States should:- substantially increase production and global distribution of the COVID-19 Vaccine- cooperate with allies to achieve increased production and global distribution of the COVID-19 Vaccine.Solves heg – us intervenes in vaccine diplomacy better than the aff bc it looks like follow on w the other wto countries That solves better – IP rights don’t hinder vaccine cooperation, but manufacturing capacity is the current constraint.Hans Sauer 6-17 ~(Deputy General Counsel, Biotechnology Industry Organization.) "Web event — Confronting Joe Biden’s proposed TRIPS waiver for COVID-19 vaccines and treatments" https://www.aei.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/210617-Confronting-Joe-Bidens-proposed-TRIPS-waiver.pdf?x91208andx91208~~ TDI AND governments to stop export controls and to dedicate themselves to more global equity. Unilateral US action is necessary to combat Chinese and Russian vaccine diplomacy – they’re establishing spheres of influence because of few vaccines in developing countries – collapses the LIO.Carman and Carl 21. ~(Ezequiel Carman is an Argentine lawyer and global health and trade policy consultant. Previously, he served as a legal advisor to the Ministry of Justice of Buenos Aires, an assistant professor of international public law at the Universidad Católica Argentina, and a research assistant at the O’Neill Institute for National and Global Health Law. Joseph Carl is a graduate of Liberty University, where he studied international relations and strategic international studies. He has worked for the U.S. Department of State and the Heritage Foundation) "A U.S. vaccine diplomacy strategy for Latin America and the Caribbean," The Global Americans, June 15, 2021. https://theglobalamericans.org/2021/06/a-u-s-vaccine-diplomacy-strategy-for-latin-america-and-the-caribbean/~~ TDI AND do not align with the diplomatic and economic interests of the United States. Heg is good – that’s the aff | 9/26/21 |
SO - CP - Future PandemicsTournament: Greenhill Fall Classic | Round: 5 | Opponent: Strake KS | Judge: David Yi 3CP: During the next national public health emergency, the United States of America ought to reduce intellectual property protections for relevant medicines. The plan’s implemented through a TRIPS waiver for the US.No solvency deficit – they didn’t read a Covid existential impact, and there’s no reason setting the precedent now vs next time is key. | 9/19/21 |
SO - CP - InnovationTournament: Greenhill Fall Classic | Round: 4 | Opponent: Harker DV | Judge: Rachel Mauchline 3CP: The member states of the European Union ought to increase trade secret protections for medicines, including standardization.ICC 14 "TRADE SECRETS: TOOLS FOR INNOVATION AND COLLABORATION" 2014 International Chamber of Commerce (ICC) https://iccwbo.org/content/uploads/sites/3/2017/02/ICC-Research-Trade-Secrets-english.pdf SM AND misappropriation occurs – often in jurisdictions that offer little or no effective protection. Biotech industry strong now – new innovation and RandD comingCancherini et al. 4/30 ~Laura, Engagement Manager @ McKinsey and Company, Joseph Lydon, Associate Partner @ McKinsey and Company, Jorge Santos Da Silva, Senior Partner at McKinsey and Company, and Alexandra Zemp, Partner at McKinsey and Company~ "What’s ahead for biotech: Another wave or low tide?", McKinsey and Company, 4-30-2021, https://www.mckinsey.com/industries/pharmaceuticals-and-medical-products/our-insights/whats-ahead-for-biotech-another-wave-or-low-tide ajs AND as multi-omics tailored diets) to a multitude of health applications. Strong IPR is key to innovation – empirics and FDIEzell and Cory 19 ~Stephen Ezell, BS from School of Foreign Service at Georgetown, VP of global innovation policy at Information Technology and Innovation Foundation. Nigel Cory, MA in public policy from Georgetown, BA in international business from Griffith University, Associate Director of trade policy at Information Technology and Innovation Foundation, former researcher in the Southeast Asia Program at the Center for Strategic and International Studies.~ "The Way Forward for Intellectual Property Internationally," Information Technology and Innovation Foundation, April 25, 2019, https://itif.org/publications/2019/04/25/way-forward-intellectual-property-internationally TG AND for foreign direct investment which in turn also leads to economic growth."56 EU keyEPM Scientific 19 (202, ~~, 4-1-2019, "Why US Biotech Companies Should Consider Launching in Europe Directly", No Publication, accessed: 9-18-2021, https://www.epmscientific.com/blog/2019/04/why-us-biotech-companies-should-consider-launching-in-europe-directly) ajs AND . Now companies may have more success going straight to market in Europe. Trade secrets create incentive for collaboration and drive innovation through profit motives – that turns the aff because companies will increase secrecy.ICC 14 "TRADE SECRETS: TOOLS FOR INNOVATION AND COLLABORATION" 2014 International Chamber of Commerce (ICC) https://iccwbo.org/content/uploads/sites/3/2017/02/ICC-Research-Trade-Secrets-english.pdf SM AND of protection are credited with stimulating the most value creation (Cummings 2008). Biopharmaceutical innovation is key to prevent future pandemics and bioterror – turns caseMarjanovic and Feijao 20 ~(Sonja Marjanovic, Ph.D., Judge Business School, University of Cambridge. Carolina Feijao, Ph.D. in biochemistry, University of Cambridge; M.Sc. in quantitative biology, Imperial College London; B.Sc. in biology, University of Lisbon.) "How to Best Enable Pharma Innovation Beyond the COVID-19 Crisis," RAND Corporation, 05-2020, https://www.rand.org/pubs/perspectives/PEA407-1.html~~ TDI AND such public health threats to an even greater extent under improved innovation conditions. COVID incentivizes engineered bioterror- extinctionWalsh, 20 — Axios Future correspondent ~Bryan Walsh, "The coronavirus pandemic reawakens bioweapon fears," Axios, 5-14-2020, https://www.axios.com/coronavirus-pandemic-pathogen-bioweapon-45417c86-52aa-41b1-8a99-44a6e597d3a8.html, accessed 9-7-2020~ AND could potentially make a dangerous engineered virus, whether deliberately or by accident. | 9/20/21 |
SO - CP - Medicine vs Extra TTournament: Greenhill Fall Classic | Round: 1 | Opponent: Coppell HA | Judge: Chris Theis 2The member nations of the World Trade Organization ought to abolish all intellectual property protections with the exception of intellectual property protections for medicines.Solves the entire aff –
AND NON WTO COUNTRIes – if they’re rifght all econonmic counrties wlil j move to The US is leading the biopharmaceuticals race – but China is close. Catching up would be a death sentence for US lead.Gupta 21 ~Gaurav; Physician, founder of the biotechnology investment firm Ascendant BioCapital; "As Washington Ties Pharma’s Hands, China Is Leaping Ahead," Barrons; 6/11/21; https://www.barrons.com/articles/as-washington-ties-pharmas-hands-china-is-leaping-ahead-51623438808~~ Justin AND of research capacity will negatively affect Americans’ access to cutting-edge therapies. The plan gives away sensitive biotechnology information that facilitates a China lead.Rogin 21 ~Josh; Columnist for the Global Opinions section of the Washington Post and a political analyst with CNN. Previously, he has covered foreign policy and national security for Bloomberg View, Newsweek, the Daily Beast, Foreign Policy magazine, Congressional Quarterly, Federal Computer Week magazine and Japan’s Asahi Shimbun newspaper. He was a 2011 finalist for the Livingston Award for Young Journalists and the 2011 recipient of the Interaction Award for Excellence in International Reporting. Rogin holds a BA in international affairs from George Washington University and studied at Sophia University in Tokyo. He lives in Washington, DC; "Opinion: The wrong way to fight vaccine nationalism," The Washington Post; 4/8/21; https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/global-opinions/the-wrong-way-to-fight-vaccine-nationalism/2021/04/08/9a65e15e-98a8-11eb-962b-78c1d8228819'story.html~~ Justin AND Cohen, senior fellow at the University of California at Berkeley Law School. Gains are directly converted to military prowess – destroys US primacy.Kuo 17 ~Mercy A; Executive Vice President at Pamir Consulting; "The Great US-China Biotechnology and Artificial Intelligence Race," The Diplomat; 8/23/17; https://thediplomat.com/2017/08/the-great-us-china-biotechnology-and-artificial-intelligence-race/~~ TDI Re-Cut Justin AND are tailored to overcome the immune system or the microbiome of specific populations. That causes extinction.Yulis 17 ~Max; Major in PoliSci, Penn Political Review; "In Defense of Liberal Internationalism," Penn Political Review; 4/8/17; http://pennpoliticalreview.org/2017/04/in-defense-of-liberal-internationalism/~~ Re-Cut Justin AND globe as companies fade takes a really long time / not an immate process | 9/18/21 |
SO - CP - Orphan DrugsTournament: Mid America Cup | Round: 3 | Opponent: Harrison JP | Judge: Eric He 4CP: The member nations of the World Trade Organization shouldreduce intellectual property protections for non-orphan drug women’s health.should organize an international effort to purchase women’s health medicines and distribute it equitably at no cost on a needs basis by declaring it a human right.Only exclusive patent protection rights paired with incentives can rare diseases that won’t be treated under natural market incentives.Henry Grabowski 2, Patents, Innovation and Access to New Pharmaceuticals, Journal of International Economic Law, Volume 5, Issue 4, December 2002, Pages 849–860, https://doi.org/10.1093/jiel/5.4.849 AND a system of market incentives would appear to be a fruitful guiding principle. It competes - LPCN 1107 or PTB is a designated orphan drug engineered to reduce pain and prevent preterm birth in women with a history of preterm birth – generates offense under the aff’s framing.Lipocine 15 Lipocine Investor Room, 6-2-2015, "Lipocine Receives FDA Orphan Drug Designation for LPCN 1107, an Oral Product Candidate for the Prevention of Preterm Birth," https://ir.lipocine.com/Lipocine-Receives-FDA-Orphan-Drug-Designation-for-LPCN-1107-an-Oral-Product-Candidate-for-the-Prevention-of-Preterm-Birth mvp Solves the aff – their solvency advocate is super vague and just says access needs to increase.1AC Mike 2: Mike, Jennifer H. ~School of Law, American University of Nigeria, Yola, Nigeria, Nigeria~ "Access to essential medicines to guarantee women's rights to health: The pharmaceutical patents connection" Wiley Online Library, 2020. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/jwip.12161 JP | 9/25/21 |
SO - CP - Sui GenerisTournament: Greenhill Fall Classic RR | Round: 5 | Opponent: Harrison AC | Judge: Andrew Halverson, Ben Cortez 1CP: The member nations of the world trade organization ought to –—-create a new form of Sui Generis patent applications as per Vezina 20—-Grant this form of patent to Indigenous peoples—-Exclude non Indigenous groups from applying for Sui Generis patents and reduce intellectual property protections for medicines for non Indigenous groupsSui generis moral rights framework emphasizing guardianship over ownership and are the only way to stop the appropriate that comes with public knowledge – answers the reforms fail ev bc it bars settlers from using knowledge which isn’t sharing – also solves K of IPR used by Indigenous groups bc it uses a new fwVézina 20 "Ensuring Respect for Indigenous Cultures A Moral Rights Approach" Brigitte Vézina ~fellow at the Canadian think tank Centre for International Governance Innovation. She holds a bachelor’s degree in law from the Université de Montréal and a master’s in law from Georgetown University~, Centre for International Governance Innovation Papers No. 243 — May 2020, https://www.cigionline.org/static/documents/documents/vezina-paper'1.pdf SM AND trumps these concerns, as no use should be considered offensive per se. Reforming IPR is key to affirming native sovereignty. Solves the aff because it shifts away from western conceptions of property, but the perm fails since we think IPR is good.Younging 10 "Intergovernmental Committee On Intellectual Property And Genetic Resources Traditional Knowledge And Folklore" Seventeenth Session Geneva, December 6-10, 2010 Wipo Indigenous Panel On The Role Of The Public Domain Concept: Experiences In The Fields Of Genetic Resources, Traditional Knowledge And Traditional Cultural Expressions: Experiences From Canada Document prepared by Mr. Gregory Younging ~Creative Rights Alliance, Kelowna, Canada, Opaskwayak Cree Nation-Canada~ https://www.wipo.int/edocs/mdocs/tk/en/wipo'grtkf'ic'17/wipo'grtkf'ic'17'inf'5'a.pdf SM AND made outside the problematic frameworks of the colonization of TK and Gnaritas Nullius. | 9/18/21 |
SO - CP - USTournament: Mid America Cup | Round: 6 | Opponent: Iowa City West JS | Judge: James Stuckert 3CP: Member nations of the WTO, except the United States, should reduce intellectual property protections for medicines. The United States should reduce intellectual property protections for medicines, except for COVID-19 vaccines.Polls negate in the US 57Schulte 5/4, Gabriel. "Poll: Majority oppose proposal to temporarily waive intellectual property rights on COVID-19 vaccines," Hill, May 4, 2021, https://thehill.com/hilltv/what-americas-thinking/551797-poll-majority-oppose-proposal-to-temporarily-waive-intellectual TG AND . By contrast, 43 percent of respondents said they support the proposal. They only highlighted polls from Italy and the UK which means the CP solves the whole affNo new 1AR polls – it’s like reading a new advantage to a policy aff which incentivizes latebreaking debates and sandbagging advantages to the 1AR so the neg only gets one chance to respondThe random moral testimony offense:A~ doesn’t have an impact under their framework cuz polls is a majority of people so our offense o/w under pollsB~ isn’t specific to the US – only we have ev on US votersC~ disad definitely o/w Dr Tedros’ opinion under util—and means we shuold deault to our authros bc theyre scientists on this issue and other ocunrires not the us doing it is prob sufficent1AR theory is skewed towards the aff – a) the 2NR must cover substance and over-cover theory, since they get the collapse and persuasive spin advantage of the 3min 2AR, b) their responses to my counter interp will be new, which means 1AR theory necessitates intervention. Implications – a) reject 1AR theory since it can’t be a legitimate check for abuse, b) drop the arg to minimize the chance the round is decided unfairly, c) use reasonability with a bar of defense or the aff always wins since the 2AR can line by line the whole 2NR without winning real abuse | 9/26/21 |
SO - CP - US DistributionTournament: Greenhill Fall Classic | Round: 5 | Opponent: Strake KS | Judge: David Yi 2The United States federal government should:- substantially increase production and global distribution of necessary medicines during pandemics- cooperate with allies to achieve increased production and global distribution of necessary medicines during pandemicsThat solves better – IP rights don’t hinder vaccine cooperation, but manufacturing capacity is the current constraint.Hans Sauer 6-17 ~(Deputy General Counsel, Biotechnology Industry Organization.) "Web event — Confronting Joe Biden’s proposed TRIPS waiver for COVID-19 vaccines and treatments" https://www.aei.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/210617-Confronting-Joe-Bidens-proposed-TRIPS-waiver.pdf?x91208andx91208~~ TDI AND governments to stop export controls and to dedicate themselves to more global equity. The US should take the lead – otherwise, China and Russia will use vaccine diplomacy to advance foreign policy goals. The counterplan alone solves and reinvigorates US leadership.Gayle et al 21. ~(HELENE GAYLE is President and CEO of the Chicago Community Trust and has served in global health and development roles with CARE, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation. GORDON LaFORGE is a Senior Researcher at Princeton University and a lecturer at Arizona State University’s Thunderbird School of Global Management. ANNE-MARIE SLAUGHTER is CEO of New America and former Director of Policy Planning at the U.S. State Department) "America Can—and Should—Vaccinate the World," Foreign Affairs, March 19, 2021. https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/united-states/2021-03-19/america-can-and-should-vaccinate-world~~ TDI AND not only "back" but looking—and leading—far ahead. 1AR theory is skewed towards the aff – a) the 2NR must cover substance and over-cover theory, since they get the collapse and persuasive spin advantage of the 3min 2AR, b) their responses to my counter interp will be new, which means 1AR theory necessitates intervention. Implications – a) reject 1AR theory since it can’t be a legitimate check for abuse, b) drop the arg to minimize the chance the round is decided unfairly, c) use reasonability with a bar of defense or the aff always wins since the 2AR can line by line the whole 2NR without winning real abuse | 9/19/21 |
SO - CP - Womens HealthTournament: Mid America Cup | Round: Octas | Opponent: Harrison AA | Judge: Jack Quisenberry, Victor Chen, Chris Theis 3CP: The Member Nations of the World Trade Organization, except for the United States, should fund research and development and buy and freely distribute women’s health medicine. The 50 states of the United States and all relevant territories should fund research and development and buy and freely distribute women’s health medicine.Solves the aff – their solvency advocate is super vague and just says access needs to increase.1AC Mike 2: Mike, Jennifer H. ~School of Law, American University of Nigeria, Yola, Nigeria, Nigeria~ "Access to essential medicines to guarantee women's rights to health: The pharmaceutical patents connection" Wiley Online Library, 2020. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/jwip.12161 JP AND and also guarantee the sustainable availability and accessibility of drugs through every avenue. | 9/28/21 |
SO - DA - AntitrustTournament: Loyola Invitational | Round: 5 | Opponent: Memorial SC | Judge: Gordon Krauss 4Bipartisan antitrust bills passing now but continued PC needed to pacify republicans.Perlman 9/3 ~Matthew; 9/3/21; "Interest Groups Back Big Tech Antitrust Bills In House," LAW360, https://www.law360.com/competition/articles/1418789/interest-groups-back-big-tech-antitrust-bills-in-house~~ Justin AND agree is already doing great harm to our democracy," the letter said. Aff requires negotiations that saps PC.Pooley 21 ~James; Former deputy director general of the United Nations’ World Intellectual Property Organization and a member of the Center for Intellectual Property Understanding; "Drawn-Out Negotiations Over Covid IP Will Blow Back on Biden," Barron’s; 5/26/21; https://www.barrons.com/articles/drawn-out-negotiations-over-covid-ip-will-blow-back-on-biden-51621973675~~ Justin AND helping export our surplus vaccine doses and vaccine ingredients to countries in need. Antitrust is key to the DIB – brink is now.Sitaraman 20 ~Ganesh; Vanderbilt University Law School; "The National Security Case for Breaking Up Big Tech," Knight First Amendment Institute at Columbia; 3/12/20; https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract'id=3537870~~ brett Re-Cut Justin AND redirected via monopoly profits to the pockets of big tech executives and shareholders. That solves extinction through great power war.Marks 19 ~Michael; Former Senior Policy Advisor to the Under Secretary for Security Assistance, Science and Technology at the U.S. Department of State; "Strengthen US Industry To Counter National Security Challenges," American Military News; 10/10/19; https://americanmilitarynews.com/2019/10/strengthen-us-industry-to-counter-national-security-challenges/~~ Justin AND industry, therefore, will be critical to countering our national security challenges. | 9/5/21 |
SO - DA - China RiseTournament: Mid America Cup | Round: 2 | Opponent: Millard North NL | Judge: Maya Xia 3China’s using absence of vaccine alternates to assert influence.Zhao 4-29 Suisheng Zhao 4-29-2021 "Why China’s vaccine diplomacy is winning" https://www.eastasiaforum.org/2021/04/29/why-chinas-vaccine-diplomacy-is-winning/ (Professor and Director of the Center for China–US Cooperation at the Josef Korbel School of International Studies, University of Denver)Elmer AND countries, receive the vaccines they need to finally beat COVID-19. Waivers are a critical issue in the perceptual ineptness of America and the West.Pratt and Levin 4-29 Simon Frankel Pratt and Jamie Levin 4-29-2021 "Vaccines Will Shape the New Geopolitical Order" https://archive.is/OgDcA~~#selection-847.23-857.11 (Simon Frankel Pratt is a lecturer in the School of Sociology, Politics, and International Studies at the University of Bristol. Jamie Levin is an assistant professor of political science at St. Francis Xavier University in Canada.)Elmer AND inequities within already inequitable trade relationships between these countries and the global south. Chinese leadership solves existential threats.Yamei 18 Shen Yamei 18, Deputy Director and Associate Research Fellow of Department for American Studies, China Institute of International Studies, 1-9-2018, "Probing into the "Chinese Solution" for the Transformation of Global Governance," CAIFC, http://www.caifc.org.cn/en/content.aspx?id=4491 AND , refugees, climate change and public hygiene by debt forgiveness and assistance. Solves case – China vaccinates the world.Mallapaty 6-9 Smriti Mallapaty 6-9-2021 "China is vaccinating a staggering 20 million people a day" https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-021-01545-3 (She has a master of science degree in environmental technology from Imperial College London.)Elmer AND is crucial that everything arrives at the right location at the right time." | 9/26/21 |
SO - DA - InfrastructureTournament: Loyola Invitational | Round: 2 | Opponent: Saratoga AG | Judge: Ben Cortez 6Infrastructure is making halting progress via reconciliation – bipartisanship is key for Manchin and Republicans to not nuke itLitvan 9/2 ~Laura~ "Manchin Jolts Democrats by Urging ‘Pause’ on $3.5 Trillion Bill," Bloomberg, September 2, 2021, https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2021-09-02/manchin-tells-democrats-to-pause-on-biden-s-3-5-trillion-plan TG AND package, although moderates have been promised an infrastructure vote by late September. General bipartisanship could spark compromise but the plan’s partisan nature tanks any shotMontanari 21 "Biden’s Undermining Of U.S. Intellectual Property Rights Is Dangerous And Will Hurt Pandemic Response," Lorenzo Montanari ~executive director of Property Rights Alliance, an advocacy policy group in charge of publishing the International Property Rights Index~, May 12, 2021 https://www.forbes.com/sites/lorenzomontanari/2021/05/12/bidens-undermining-of-us-intellectual-property-rights-is-dangerous-and-will-hurt-pandemic-response/?sh=4a74c5004890 SM AND strong and fair IP system risk being seriously damaged with this Biden move. Infrastructure investment beats China in the tech-raceAnderson 2/22 ~(Norman, Chairman and CEO of CG/LA Infrastructure, a firm focused on global infrastructure project development, driving productivity across countries, and maximizing the benefits of infrastructure for people in the U.S. and around the world) "The Biden Infrastructure Plan - 5 Actions To Jolt Us Awake, Now," Forbes, 2-22-2021, https://www.forbes.com/sites/normananderson/2021/02/22/the-biden-infrastructure-plan5-actions-to-jolt-us-awake-now/?sh=1d72f17b2ebd~~ TDI AND and the last thing he thinks about before going to bed at night. Chinese tech leadership leads to nuclear warKroenig 18 (Matthew, Deputy Director for Strategy, Scowcroft Center for Strategy and Security Associate Professor of Government and Foreign Service, Georgetown University) "Will disruptive technology cause nuclear war?" BAS, Nov 12, 2018, https://thebulletin.org/2018/11/will-disruptive-technology-cause-nuclear-war AND race for technological superiority to its autocratic challengers just might mean nuclear Armageddon. | 9/5/21 |
SO - DA - Infrastructure v2Tournament: Greenhill Fall Classic | Round: 5 | Opponent: Strake KS | Judge: David Yi 4Infrastructure passes now due to Biden and Pelosi involvement – Biden PC and tight timetables makes the margin for error literally ZEROElliott 9-16 (Philip Elliott is a Washington Correspondent for TIME. Before joining TIME in early 2015, he spent almost a decade at The Associated Press, where he covered politics, campaign finance, education and the White House. He is a graduate of the E.W. Scripps School of Journalism at Ohio University, September 16, 2021, accessed on 9-17-2021, Time, "Democrats Face a Grueling Two Weeks as Infighting Erupts Over Infrastructure", https://time.com/6098810/house-democrats-reconciliation/)//babcii AND rivals the spending the United States unleashed to close out World War II. Attacks on pharmaceutical profits triggers Mod Dem Backlash – it disrupts unity.Cohen 9-6 Joshua Cohen 9-6-2021 "Democrats’ Plans To Introduce Prescription Drug Pricing Reform Face Formidable Obstacles" https://www.forbes.com/sites/joshuacohen/2021/09/06/democrats-plans-to-introduce-prescription-drug-pricing-reform-face-obstacles/?sh=37a269917395 (independent healthcare analyst with over 22 years of experience analyzing healthcare and pharmaceuticals.)Elmer AND drug pricing reform encounter challenges which may prevent impactful modifications from taking place. Sinema specifically jumps ship.Hancock and Lucas 20 Jay Hancock and Elizabeth Lucas 5-29-2020 "A Senator From Arizona Emerges As A Pharma Favorite" https://khn.org/news/a-senator-from-arizona-emerges-as-a-pharma-favorite/ (Senior Correspondent, joined KHN in 2012 from The Baltimore Sun, where he wrote a column on business and finance. Previously he covered the State Department and the economics beat for The Sun and health care for The Virginian-Pilot of Norfolk and the Daily Press of Newport News. He has a bachelor’s degree from Colgate University and a master’s in journalism from Northwestern University.)Elmer AND lawmakers harshly critical of high drug prices and the companies that set them. Pharma backlash turns caseHuetteman 19 ~Emmarie Huetteman, former NYT Congressional correspondent with an MA in public affairs reporting from Northwestern University’s Medill School, 2-26-2019, "Senators Who Led Pharma-Friendly Patent Reform Also Prime Targets For Pharma Cash," Kaiser Health News, https://khn.org/news/senators-who-led-pharma-friendly-patent-reform-also-prime-targets-for-pharma-cash/~~ AND controls on drug prices. The Senate has not voted on the bill. Infrastructure investment beats China in the tech-raceAnderson 2/22 ~(Norman, Chairman and CEO of CG/LA Infrastructure, a firm focused on global infrastructure project development, driving productivity across countries, and maximizing the benefits of infrastructure for people in the U.S. and around the world) "The Biden Infrastructure Plan - 5 Actions To Jolt Us Awake, Now," Forbes, 2-22-2021, https://www.forbes.com/sites/normananderson/2021/02/22/the-biden-infrastructure-plan5-actions-to-jolt-us-awake-now/?sh=1d72f17b2ebd~~ TDI AND and the last thing he thinks about before going to bed at night. Chinese tech leadership leads to nuclear warKroenig 18 (Matthew, Deputy Director for Strategy, Scowcroft Center for Strategy and Security Associate Professor of Government and Foreign Service, Georgetown University) "Will disruptive technology cause nuclear war?" BAS, Nov 12, 2018, https://thebulletin.org/2018/11/will-disruptive-technology-cause-nuclear-war AND race for technological superiority to its autocratic challengers just might mean nuclear Armageddon. | 9/19/21 |
SO - DA - Infrastructure v3Tournament: Mid America Cup | Round: Octas | Opponent: Harrison AA | Judge: Jack Quisenberry, Victor Chen, Chris Theis 4Infrastructure passes now due to Biden and Pelosi involvement – Biden PC and tight timetables makes the margin for error literally ZEROElliott 9-16 (Philip Elliott is a Washington Correspondent for TIME. Before joining TIME in early 2015, he spent almost a decade at The Associated Press, where he covered politics, campaign finance, education and the White House. He is a graduate of the E.W. Scripps School of Journalism at Ohio University, September 16, 2021, accessed on 9-17-2021, Time, "Democrats Face a Grueling Two Weeks as Infighting Erupts Over Infrastructure", https://time.com/6098810/house-democrats-reconciliation/)//babcii AND rivals the spending the United States unleashed to close out World War II. Attacks on pharmaceutical profits triggers Mod Dem Backlash – it disrupts unity.Cohen 9-6 Joshua Cohen 9-6-2021 "Democrats’ Plans To Introduce Prescription Drug Pricing Reform Face Formidable Obstacles" https://www.forbes.com/sites/joshuacohen/2021/09/06/democrats-plans-to-introduce-prescription-drug-pricing-reform-face-obstacles/?sh=37a269917395 (independent healthcare analyst with over 22 years of experience analyzing healthcare and pharmaceuticals.)Elmer AND drug pricing reform encounter challenges which may prevent impactful modifications from taking place. Sinema specifically jumps ship.Hancock and Lucas 20 Jay Hancock and Elizabeth Lucas 5-29-2020 "A Senator From Arizona Emerges As A Pharma Favorite" https://khn.org/news/a-senator-from-arizona-emerges-as-a-pharma-favorite/ (Senior Correspondent, joined KHN in 2012 from The Baltimore Sun, where he wrote a column on business and finance. Previously he covered the State Department and the economics beat for The Sun and health care for The Virginian-Pilot of Norfolk and the Daily Press of Newport News. He has a bachelor’s degree from Colgate University and a master’s in journalism from Northwestern University.)Elmer AND lawmakers harshly critical of high drug prices and the companies that set them. Pharma backlash turns caseHuetteman 19 ~Emmarie Huetteman, former NYT Congressional correspondent with an MA in public affairs reporting from Northwestern University’s Medill School, 2-26-2019, "Senators Who Led Pharma-Friendly Patent Reform Also Prime Targets For Pharma Cash," Kaiser Health News, https://khn.org/news/senators-who-led-pharma-friendly-patent-reform-also-prime-targets-for-pharma-cash/~~ AND controls on drug prices. The Senate has not voted on the bill. Comprehensive infrastructure investment is key to all facets of the economyCondon 2/21 ~(Christopher, overing the Treasury and U.S. economic policy at Bloomberg News, with Erik Wasson) "Biden’s Economic Legacy at Stake as Next Package Takes Shape," Bloomberg, 2-21-2021, https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2021-02-21/biden-s-economic-legacy-at-stake-with-next-package-taking-shape~~ TDI AND and with lower borrowing costs, more investments today can clear that bar." Post-COVID economic rebound secures geopolitical dominance—-the alternative is global conflict, EU collapse and Chinese authoritarian dominanceKempe 20 ~(Frederick, best-selling author, prize-winning journalist and president and CEO of the Atlantic Council, one of the United States’ most influential think tanks on global affairs. He worked at The Wall Street Journal for more than 25 years as a foreign correspondent, assistant managing editor and as the longest-serving editor of the paper’s European edition.) "Op-ed: How the US can win the post-coronavirus race for global dominance," CNBC, 4-18-2020, https://www.cnbc.com/2020/04/18/op-ed-how-us-can-win-the-post-coronavirus-race-for-global-dominance.html~~ TDI AND victory will be longest lasting if it can achieved alongside partners and allies. Nuclear warHenricksen 17, emeritus senior fellow at the Hoover Institution (Thomas, "Post-American World Order," Hoover Institution, http://www.hoover.org/research/post-american-world-order) AND problems which could entail a collapse, as happened to the Soviet Union. | 9/28/21 |
SO - DA - Infrastructure v4Tournament: Nano Nagle Classic | Round: 4 | Opponent: Samammish LW | Judge: Vanessa Nguyen 2Infrastructure passes now due to Biden and Pelosi involvement – Biden PC and tight timetables makes the margin for error literally ZEROElliott 9-16 (Philip Elliott is a Washington Correspondent for TIME. Before joining TIME in early 2015, he spent almost a decade at The Associated Press, where he covered politics, campaign finance, education and the White House. He is a graduate of the E.W. Scripps School of Journalism at Ohio University, September 16, 2021, accessed on 9-17-2021, Time, "Democrats Face a Grueling Two Weeks as Infighting Erupts Over Infrastructure", https://time.com/6098810/house-democrats-reconciliation/)//babcii AND rivals the spending the United States unleashed to close out World War II. Ev from this week proves its on the brinkCochrane, et al 10/1 (Emily Cochrane, Luke Broadwater and Jonathan Weisman, ~~, 10-8-2021, "Biden puts the infrastructure bill on hold, saying Democrats need to unite on social spending.", No Publication, accessed: 10-8-2021, https://www.nytimes.com/2021/10/01/us/politics/house-infrastructure-delay-vote.html) ajs AND work, with the promise of 72 hours’ notice before being called back. Attacks on pharmaceutical profits triggers Mod Dem Backlash – it disrupts unity.Cohen 9-6 Joshua Cohen 9-6-2021 "Democrats’ Plans To Introduce Prescription Drug Pricing Reform Face Formidable Obstacles" https://www.forbes.com/sites/joshuacohen/2021/09/06/democrats-plans-to-introduce-prescription-drug-pricing-reform-face-obstacles/?sh=37a269917395 (independent healthcare analyst with over 22 years of experience analyzing healthcare and pharmaceuticals.)Elmer AND drug pricing reform encounter challenges which may prevent impactful modifications from taking place. Big pharma loves data exclusivity – it gives them generics and makes them lots of moneyRagavan 18 Srividhya Ragavan, The Drug Debate: Data Exclusivity is the New Way to Delay Generics, 50 Conn. L. Rev. Online 1 (2018). Available at: https://scholarship.law.tamu.edu/facscholar/1184 mvp AND from duplicating the clinical trial will result in delaying access to the consumers. Sinema specifically jumps ship.Hancock and Lucas 20 Jay Hancock and Elizabeth Lucas 5-29-2020 "A Senator From Arizona Emerges As A Pharma Favorite" https://khn.org/news/a-senator-from-arizona-emerges-as-a-pharma-favorite/ (Senior Correspondent, joined KHN in 2012 from The Baltimore Sun, where he wrote a column on business and finance. Previously he covered the State Department and the economics beat for The Sun and health care for The Virginian-Pilot of Norfolk and the Daily Press of Newport News. He has a bachelor’s degree from Colgate University and a master’s in journalism from Northwestern University.)Elmer AND lawmakers harshly critical of high drug prices and the companies that set them. Pharma backlash turns case – waters down plan too muchHuetteman 19 ~Emmarie Huetteman, former NYT Congressional correspondent with an MA in public affairs reporting from Northwestern University’s Medill School, 2-26-2019, "Senators Who Led Pharma-Friendly Patent Reform Also Prime Targets For Pharma Cash," Kaiser Health News, https://khn.org/news/senators-who-led-pharma-friendly-patent-reform-also-prime-targets-for-pharma-cash/~~ AND controls on drug prices. The Senate has not voted on the bill. Infrastructure reform solves Existential Climate Change – it results in spill-over.USA Today 7-20 7-20-2021 "Climate change is at 'code red' status for the planet, and inaction is no longer an option" https://www.usatoday.com/story/opinion/todaysdebate/2021/07/20/climate-change-biden-infrastructure-bill-good-start/7877118002/ Elmer AND persuading others to follow our lead. Further delay is not an option. This time it’s actually try or die – the planet is screwed absent infrastructureRebecca Leber 21 (Rebecca Leber, ~~, 10-7-2021, "The US is closer than ever before to making major progress on the climate crisis", Vox, accessed: 10-8-2021, https://www.vox.com/22685920/democrats-infrastructure-build-back-better-climate-change) ajs AND and what Congress does next will help determine the future of the climate. | 10/9/21 |
SO - DA - InnovationTournament: Loyola Invitational | Round: 4 | Opponent: Southlake Carroll EP | Judge: Lena Mizrahi 4Biotech industry strong now – new innovation and RandD comingCancherini et al. 4/30 ~Laura, Engagement Manager @ McKinsey and Company, Joseph Lydon, Associate Partner @ McKinsey and Company, Jorge Santos Da Silva, Senior Partner at McKinsey and Company, and Alexandra Zemp, Partner at McKinsey and Company~ "What’s ahead for biotech: Another wave or low tide?", McKinsey and Company, 4-30-2021, https://www.mckinsey.com/industries/pharmaceuticals-and-medical-products/our-insights/whats-ahead-for-biotech-another-wave-or-low-tide ajs AND as multi-omics tailored diets) to a multitude of health applications. COVID exceptions erode IP policies broadly – plus their Jecker card spots us spilloverPRMA 21 The Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturers of America SPECIAL 301 SUBMISSION 2021 https://phrma.org/-/media/Project/PhRMA/PhRMA-Org/PhRMA-Org/PDF/P-R/PhRMA'2021-Special-301'Review'Comment-1.pdf SM AND pandemic, and will inevitably affect IP discussions in countries around the world. Undermines RandD and innovationMercurio 2/12 (Bryan Mercurio, ~Simon F.S. Li Professor of Law at the Chinese University of Hong Kong (CUHK), having served as Associate Dean (Research) from 2010-14 and again from 2017-19. Professor Mercurio specialises in international economic law (IEL), with particular expertise in the intersection between trade law and intellectual property rights, free trade agreements, trade in services, dispute settlement and increasingly international investment law.~, 2-12-2021, "WTO Waiver from Intellectual Property Protection for COVID-19 Vaccines and Treatments: A Critical Review", No Publication, accessed: 8-8-2021, https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract'id=3789820) ajs
AND jeopardy only in exchange for what is at best short-term benefits. Biopharmaceutical innovation is key to prevent future pandemics and bioterror – turns caseMarjanovic and Feijao 20 ~(Sonja Marjanovic, Ph.D., Judge Business School, University of Cambridge. Carolina Feijao, Ph.D. in biochemistry, University of Cambridge; M.Sc. in quantitative biology, Imperial College London; B.Sc. in biology, University of Lisbon.) "How to Best Enable Pharma Innovation Beyond the COVID-19 Crisis," RAND Corporation, 05-2020, https://www.rand.org/pubs/perspectives/PEA407-1.html~~ TDI AND such public health threats to an even greater extent under improved innovation conditions. COVID incentivizes engineered bioterror- extinctionWalsh, 20 — Axios Future correspondent ~Bryan Walsh, "The coronavirus pandemic reawakens bioweapon fears," Axios, 5-14-2020, https://www.axios.com/coronavirus-pandemic-pathogen-bioweapon-45417c86-52aa-41b1-8a99-44a6e597d3a8.html, accessed 9-7-2020~ AND could potentially make a dangerous engineered virus, whether deliberately or by accident. | 9/26/21 |
SO - DA - Innovation v2Tournament: Greenhill Fall Classic RR | Round: 5 | Opponent: Harrison AC | Judge: Andrew Halverson, Ben Cortez 2Biotech industry strong now – new innovation and RandD comingCancherini et al. 4/30 ~Laura, Engagement Manager @ McKinsey and Company, Joseph Lydon, Associate Partner @ McKinsey and Company, Jorge Santos Da Silva, Senior Partner at McKinsey and Company, and Alexandra Zemp, Partner at McKinsey and Company~ "What’s ahead for biotech: Another wave or low tide?", McKinsey and Company, 4-30-2021, https://www.mckinsey.com/industries/pharmaceuticals-and-medical-products/our-insights/whats-ahead-for-biotech-another-wave-or-low-tide ajs AND as multi-omics tailored diets) to a multitude of health applications. Strong IPR is key to innovation – empirics and FDIEzell and Cory 19 ~Stephen Ezell, BS from School of Foreign Service at Georgetown, VP of global innovation policy at Information Technology and Innovation Foundation. Nigel Cory, MA in public policy from Georgetown, BA in international business from Griffith University, Associate Director of trade policy at Information Technology and Innovation Foundation, former researcher in the Southeast Asia Program at the Center for Strategic and International Studies.~ "The Way Forward for Intellectual Property Internationally," Information Technology and Innovation Foundation, April 25, 2019, https://itif.org/publications/2019/04/25/way-forward-intellectual-property-internationally TG AND for foreign direct investment which in turn also leads to economic growth."56 The link is massive – 50+ percent of prescription meds stem from Indigenous knowledge – preempot just proves thuisEiland 08 ~Dr. Eiland received a doctorate in Oriental Archaeology from Oxford University and an LLM from the Munich Intellectual Property Law Center~, "Patenting Traditional Medicine", Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH and Co. KG, pg. 7-10, 2008 SLC PK AND natural substances, as well as the knowledge about how to use them. Biopharmaceutical innovation is key to prevent future pandemics and bioterror – turns caseMarjanovic and Feijao 20 ~(Sonja Marjanovic, Ph.D., Judge Business School, University of Cambridge. Carolina Feijao, Ph.D. in biochemistry, University of Cambridge; M.Sc. in quantitative biology, Imperial College London; B.Sc. in biology, University of Lisbon.) "How to Best Enable Pharma Innovation Beyond the COVID-19 Crisis," RAND Corporation, 05-2020, https://www.rand.org/pubs/perspectives/PEA407-1.html~~ TDI AND such public health threats to an even greater extent under improved innovation conditions. COVID incentivizes engineered bioterror- extinctionWalsh, 20 — Axios Future correspondent ~Bryan Walsh, "The coronavirus pandemic reawakens bioweapon fears," Axios, 5-14-2020, https://www.axios.com/coronavirus-pandemic-pathogen-bioweapon-45417c86-52aa-41b1-8a99-44a6e597d3a8.html, accessed 9-7-2020~ AND could potentially make a dangerous engineered virus, whether deliberately or by accident. Pleasure and pain are intrinsic value and disvalue – everything else regresses – robust neuroscience provesBlum et al. 18 Kenneth Blum, 1Department of Psychiatry, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Dayton VA Medical Center, Wright State University, Dayton, OH, USA 2Department of Psychiatry, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA 3Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Keck Medicine University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA 4Division of Applied Clinical Research and Education, Dominion Diagnostics, LLC, North Kingstown, RI, USA 5Department of Precision Medicine, Geneus Health LLC, San Antonio, TX, USA 6Department of Addiction Research and Therapy, Nupathways Inc., Innsbrook, MO, USA 7Department of Clinical Neurology, Path Foundation, New York, NY, USA 8Division of Neuroscience-Based Addiction Therapy, The Shores Treatment and Recovery Center, Port Saint Lucie, FL, USA 9Institute of Psychology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary 10Division of Addiction Research, Dominion Diagnostics, LLC. North Kingston, RI, USA 11Victory Nutrition International, Lederach, PA., USA 12National Human Genome Center at Howard University, Washington, DC., USA, Marjorie Gondré-Lewis, 12National Human Genome Center at Howard University, Washington, DC., USA 13Departments of Anatomy and Psychiatry, Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, DC US, Bruce Steinberg, 4Division of Applied Clinical Research and Education, Dominion Diagnostics, LLC, North Kingstown, RI, USA, Igor Elman, 15Department Psychiatry, Cooper University School of Medicine, Camden, NJ, USA, David Baron, 3Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Keck Medicine University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA, Edward J Modestino, 14Department of Psychology, Curry College, Milton, MA, USA, Rajendra D Badgaiyan, 15Department Psychiatry, Cooper University School of Medicine, Camden, NJ, USA, Mark S Gold 16Department of Psychiatry, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA, "Our evolved unique pleasure circuit makes humans different from apes: Reconsideration of data derived from animal studies", U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, 28 February 2018, accessed: 19 August 2020, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6446569/, R.S. AND these circuits contribute to diverse pathologies, including obesity and addiction or RDS. Apocalyptic images challenge dominant power structures – they contest the implausibility of inequitable structures producing catastrophe and generate imagination of futures of social justice outside of current narrativesJessica Hurley 17, Assistant Professor in the Humanities at the University of Chicago, "Impossible Futures: Fictions of Risk in the Longue Durée", Duke University Press, https://read.dukeupress.edu/american-literature/article/89/4/761/132823/Impossible-Futures-Fictions-of-Risk-in-the-Longue AND of the world. Just wait long enough. Stranger things will happen.¶ Focus on large scale catastrophes is good and they outweigh – appeals to social costs, moral rules, and securitization play into cognitive biases and flawed risk calculus – 2020 is living proofWeber 20 (ELKE U. WEBER is Gerhard R. Andlinger Professor in Energy and the Environment and Professor of Psychology and Public Affairs at Princeton University.), November-December 2020 Issue, "Heads in the Sand," Foreign Affairs, https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/2020-10-13/heads-sand mvp AND to dislodge it, even when cost-benefit analysis argues for change. | 9/18/21 |
SO - DA - Innovation v3Tournament: Greenhill Fall Classic | Round: 5 | Opponent: Strake KS | Judge: David Yi 5Biotech industry strong now – new innovation and RandD comingCancherini et al. 4/30 ~Laura, Engagement Manager @ McKinsey and Company, Joseph Lydon, Associate Partner @ McKinsey and Company, Jorge Santos Da Silva, Senior Partner at McKinsey and Company, and Alexandra Zemp, Partner at McKinsey and Company~ "What’s ahead for biotech: Another wave or low tide?", McKinsey and Company, 4-30-2021, https://www.mckinsey.com/industries/pharmaceuticals-and-medical-products/our-insights/whats-ahead-for-biotech-another-wave-or-low-tide ajs AND as multi-omics tailored diets) to a multitude of health applications. Strong IPR is key to innovation – empirics and FDIEzell and Cory 19 ~Stephen Ezell, BS from School of Foreign Service at Georgetown, VP of global innovation policy at Information Technology and Innovation Foundation. Nigel Cory, MA in public policy from Georgetown, BA in international business from Griffith University, Associate Director of trade policy at Information Technology and Innovation Foundation, former researcher in the Southeast Asia Program at the Center for Strategic and International Studies.~ "The Way Forward for Intellectual Property Internationally," Information Technology and Innovation Foundation, April 25, 2019, https://itif.org/publications/2019/04/25/way-forward-intellectual-property-internationally TG AND for foreign direct investment which in turn also leads to economic growth."56 Biopharmaceutical innovation is key to prevent future pandemics and bioterror – turns caseMarjanovic and Feijao 20 ~(Sonja Marjanovic, Ph.D., Judge Business School, University of Cambridge. Carolina Feijao, Ph.D. in biochemistry, University of Cambridge; M.Sc. in quantitative biology, Imperial College London; B.Sc. in biology, University of Lisbon.) "How to Best Enable Pharma Innovation Beyond the COVID-19 Crisis," RAND Corporation, 05-2020, https://www.rand.org/pubs/perspectives/PEA407-1.html~~ TDI AND such public health threats to an even greater extent under improved innovation conditions. COVID incentivizes engineered bioterror- extinctionWalsh, 20 — Axios Future correspondent ~Bryan Walsh, "The coronavirus pandemic reawakens bioweapon fears," Axios, 5-14-2020, https://www.axios.com/coronavirus-pandemic-pathogen-bioweapon-45417c86-52aa-41b1-8a99-44a6e597d3a8.html, accessed 9-7-2020~ AND could potentially make a dangerous engineered virus, whether deliberately or by accident. WTO wavier will lead to spilloverHopkins 5/7 (Jared S. Hopkins, ~ New York-based reporter for The Wall Street Journal covering the pharmaceutical industry, including companies such as Pfizer Inc. and Merck and Co. He previously was a health-care reporter at Bloomberg News and an investigative reporter at the Chicago Tribune~, 5-7-2021, "U.S. Support for Patent Waiver Unlikely to Cost Covid-19 Vaccine Makers in Short Term ", WSJ, accessed: 8-26-2021, https://www.wsj.com/articles/u-s-support-for-patent-waiver-unlikely-to-cost-covid-19-vaccine-makers-in-short-term-11620414260) ajs AND on the news, though they have since shaved some of the losses. | 9/19/21 |
SO - DA - Innovation v4Tournament: Mid America Cup | Round: 3 | Opponent: Harrison JP | Judge: Eric He 5Biotech industry strong now – new innovation and RandD comingCancherini et al. 4/30 ~Laura, Engagement Manager @ McKinsey and Company, Joseph Lydon, Associate Partner @ McKinsey and Company, Jorge Santos Da Silva, Senior Partner at McKinsey and Company, and Alexandra Zemp, Partner at McKinsey and Company~ "What’s ahead for biotech: Another wave or low tide?", McKinsey and Company, 4-30-2021, https://www.mckinsey.com/industries/pharmaceuticals-and-medical-products/our-insights/whats-ahead-for-biotech-another-wave-or-low-tide ajs Even small exceptions that contravene TRIPS spill over by creating anti-IP precedent and momentum.Balasubramanyam 14 "Battles Over Patents: Is India Changing The Rules Of The Game?" 02/18/2014 Ranjitha Balasubramanyam ~Germany-based journalist and humanitarian researcher with over two decades of journalistic experience, working mainly for European broadcasters~ https://www.ip-watch.org/2014/02/18/battles-over-patents-is-india-changing-the-rules-of-the-game/ SM A thriving and innovating biopharmaceutical sector is key to prevent future pandemics and bioterror.Marjanovic and Feijao 20 ~(Sonja Marjanovic, Ph.D., Judge Business School, University of Cambridge. Carolina Feijao, Ph.D. in biochemistry, University of Cambridge; M.Sc. in quantitative biology, Imperial College London; B.Sc. in biology, University of Lisbon.) "How to Best Enable Pharma Innovation Beyond the COVID-19 Crisis," RAND Corporation, 05-2020, https://www.rand.org/pubs/perspectives/PEA407-1.html~~ TDI Bioterror coming now and causes extinction – the tech exists and overcomes their impact defenseMillett and Snyder-Beattie ‘17 ~(Piers Millett: Ph.D., Senior Research Fellow, Future of Humanity Institute, University of Oxford. Andrew Snyder-Beattie: M.S., Director of Research, Future of Humanity Institute, University of Oxford.) " Existential Risk and Cost-Effective Biosecurity," Health Security, 15(4), 08-01-2017, https://www.liebertpub.com/doi/full/10.1089/hs.2017.0028~~ TDI | 9/25/21 |
SO - DA - Innovation v5Tournament: Nano Nagle Classic | Round: 5 | Opponent: Southlake Carrol SD | Judge: Felicity Park 6Biotech industry strong now – new innovation and RandD comingCancherini et al. 4/30 ~Laura, Engagement Manager @ McKinsey and Company, Joseph Lydon, Associate Partner @ McKinsey and Company, Jorge Santos Da Silva, Senior Partner at McKinsey and Company, and Alexandra Zemp, Partner at McKinsey and Company~ "What’s ahead for biotech: Another wave or low tide?", McKinsey and Company, 4-30-2021, https://www.mckinsey.com/industries/pharmaceuticals-and-medical-products/our-insights/whats-ahead-for-biotech-another-wave-or-low-tide ajs AND as multi-omics tailored diets) to a multitude of health applications. Strong IPR is key to innovation – empirics and FDIEzell and Cory 19 ~Stephen Ezell, BS from School of Foreign Service at Georgetown, VP of global innovation policy at Information Technology and Innovation Foundation. Nigel Cory, MA in public policy from Georgetown, BA in international business from Griffith University, Associate Director of trade policy at Information Technology and Innovation Foundation, former researcher in the Southeast Asia Program at the Center for Strategic and International Studies.~ "The Way Forward for Intellectual Property Internationally," Information Technology and Innovation Foundation, April 25, 2019, https://itif.org/publications/2019/04/25/way-forward-intellectual-property-internationally TG AND for foreign direct investment which in turn also leads to economic growth."56 Cannabis wipes out superbugs and kills developing mutations, but further research and investments are required.Sample ’20 ~Ian; journalist at New Scientist and worked at the Institute of Physics as a journal editor, PhD in biomedical materials; 1-19-2020; "Cannabis compound could be weapon in fight against superbugs", Guardian; https://www.theguardian.com/society/2020/jan/19/cannabis-compound-could-be-weapon-in-fight-against-superbugs, accessed 4-16-2021~ AND , the newest date back to discoveries made more than 30 years ago. Only CBD solves superbugs.Stevens ’21 ~Kylie; reporter covering medical breakthrough by Researchers at University of Queensland’s Institute for Molecular Bioscience and the peer-reviewed Communications Biology journal; 1-19-2021; Mail Online; https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-9165415/Medical-breakthrough-revealed-cannabis-kill-superbugs-save-10million-lives-year.html, accessed 4-16-2021; RG~ AND exactly how it does that, and need to do further research.' Small exceptions spill over by creating anti-IP precedent and momentum.Balasubramanyam 14 "Battles Over Patents: Is India Changing The Rules Of The Game?" 02/18/2014 Ranjitha Balasubramanyam ~Germany-based journalist and humanitarian researcher with over two decades of journalistic experience, working mainly for European broadcasters~ https://www.ip-watch.org/2014/02/18/battles-over-patents-is-india-changing-the-rules-of-the-game/ SM AND want to prevent these countries from using these measures to protect public health." | 10/9/21 |
SO - DA - Modi AdventurismTournament: Loyola Invitational | Round: Doubles | Opponent: Westwood BJ | Judge: Claudia Ribera, David Dosch, Danielle Dosch 1India’s COVID crisis has killed Modi’s appetite for international adventurism, but increasing vaccine production reverses the trend.Singh ’21 (Sushant; senior fellow with the Centre for Policy Research in India; 5-3-2021; "The End of Modi’s Global Dreams"; Foreign Policy; https://foreignpolicy.com/2021/05/03/india-vishwaguru-modi-second-wave-soft-power-self-sufficiency/; Accessed: 8-27-2021) AND proposition for India—and hands Pakistan an unexpected advantage in the talks. Modi’s domestic support sets the course for his international policies – trust in his administration directly translates into Indian adventurism.Mishra et al. ’16 (Atul; contributor to the Norwegian Peacebuilding Resource Centre; January 2016; "The evolving domestic drivers of Indian foregin policy"; Norwegian Peacebuilding Resource Centre; https://www.files.ethz.ch/isn/195766/f9f6e4b3e8a2c703364e7fb102dbf413.pdf; Accessed: 8-28-2021) AND country that has much to offer in terms of culture and human potential. ====Revitalized risk-taking risks Indo-Pak confrontations – those go nuclear.==== AND life and marine plankton, with the spillover effect of decimating fishing yields. | 9/6/21 |
SO - DA - Precision AgTournament: Peninsula Invitational | Round: 4 | Opponent: Stockdale RP | Judge: Aryan Jasani 2Starlink is key to Precision Ag – key to food sustainability and increasing food supply to account for exponential population growth.Greensight 21 3-15-2021 "Can Starlink Save the World by Connecting Farms?" https://www.greensightag.com/logbook/can-starlink-save-the-world-by-connecting-farms/ (Data Management Consulting Firm)Elmer AND advancing access to precision agriculture globally and contributing to solving global food challenges. Food Insecurity goes nuclear – escalates multiple hotspots.Cribb 19 Julian Cribb 8-23-2019 "Food or War" https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/abs/food-or-war/hotspots-for-food-conflict-in-the-twentyfirst-century/1CD674412E09B8E6F325C9C0A0A6778A (principal of Julian Cribb and Associates who provide specialist consultancy in the communication of science, agriculture, food, mining, energy and the environment. , His published work includes over 8000 articles, 3000 media releases and eight books. He has received 32 awards for journalism.)Elmer AND their homes in Sub-Saharan Africa. 75 The second decade of the | 1/23/22 |
SO - DA - RCEPTournament: Mid America Cup | Round: Doubles | Opponent: Lexington AK | Judge: James Stuckert, Lisa Boulais, Grant Brown 4India walked out on RCEP now but can rejoin easily.Raghavan 20 "RCEP: Door still open for India, may take part in meets as ‘observer’" Prabha Raghavan ~Journalist @IndianExpress~ November 16, 2020 https://indianexpress.com/article/business/rcep-door-still-open-for-india-may-take-part-in-meets-as-observer-7052832/ SM AND outstanding issues" that were unresolved by the deadline to enter the agreement. Strict IP protections are keeping India out of RCEP – plan reverses that.Mitra-Jha 17 "Big pharma, IP wars and profit over people" Shreerupa Mitra-Jha ~Senior correspondent for diplomacy and international affairs~ August 21, 2017 https://www.governancenow.com/news/regular-story/-big-pharma-ip-wars-and-profit-over-people SM AND what is worrying for activists and negotiators from middle-income and LDCs. Joining RCEP floods India with imports which guts domestic industry and wrecks the economy.Dhar 19 "India Was Right to Walk Away from RCEP, But What Comes Next?" November 7, 2019, ~Biswajit Dhar is a professor at the Centre for Economic Studies and Planning, Jawharlal Nehru University~ https://thewire.in/economy/rcep-india-future SM AND trust and efficiency have become more important these days and will influence trade. Economic downturn compounds risk of Indopak conflict.Kugelman 19 "India and Pakistan Are Edging Closer to War in 2020" Michael Kugelman is the writer of Foreign Policy’s weekly South Asia Brief. He is the Asia Program deputy director and senior associate for South Asia at the Wilson Center in Washington. 12/31/2019 https://foreignpolicy.com/2019/12/31/afghanistan-taliban-nuclear-india-pakistan-edging-closer-war-2020/ SM AND Pakistan, not wanting to show weakness, will not give in easily. Extinction.Roblin 21. ~(Sébastien Roblin holds a master’s degree in Conflict Resolution from Georgetown University and served as a university instructor for the Peace Corps in China, "If the Next India-Pakistan War Goes Nuclear, It Will Destroy the World," The National Interest, March 26, 2021. https://nationalinterest.org/blog/reboot/if-next-india-pakistan-war-goes-nuclear-it-will-destroy-world-181134~~ TDI AND New Delhi and Islamabad work together to change the nature of their relationship. | 9/27/21 |
SO - DA - Saudi US RelationsTournament: Loyola Invitational | Round: Doubles | Opponent: Westwood BJ | Judge: Claudia Ribera, David Dosch, Danielle Dosch 2The US is concerned about Saudi IPR but trade relations are fine nowUS Gov 21 ~United States Government, Office of the US Trade Representative "2021 Special 301 Report" Published: 2021~ ~https://ustr.gov/sites/default/files/files/reports/2021/202120Special2030120Report20(final).pdf~~ || SM AND awarded national tenders to some of these domestic companies for the affected products. Wavering Saudi IPR sends investors scrambling and guts US-Saudi coop. Recent missteps in pharma IPR prove it’s uniquely key to perception.Stevens 17 ~Philip Stevens "Saudi missteps on intellectual property will hold back its economy" Published: The Hill, September 17, 2017~ ~https://thehill.com/opinion/international/351074-saudis-missteps-on-intellectual-property-will-hold-back-its-economy~~ ~Stevens: Director of Geneva Network, a UK-based research organization focusing on trade and innovation issues.~ || SM AND Trump administration indicating a higher prioritization of IP enforcement amongst its trading partners. US Saudi Coop key to prevent nuclear proliferationEmily B. Landau and Shimon Stein 18 ~Landau is senior research associate at the Institute for National Security Studies, where she is also director of the Arms Control and Regional Security Project. Stein was Israel's ambassador to Germany from 2001 to 2007. Previously, he participated in the Arms Control and Regional Security working group, as well as negotiations of the Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty, and served as head of the Regional Security, Arms Control, and Nonproliferation Department at the Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs.~, 12-4-2018, "Can the United States Prevent Saudi Arabia from Getting Nuclear Weapons?," National Interest, https://nationalinterest.org/feature/can-united-states-prevent-saudi-arabia-getting-nuclear-weapons-37812 ~{OS~} AND was granted the right to continue with these dangerous enrichment-related activities. Saudi prolif draws in India and Pakistan – goes nuclearEdelman 11—Fellow at the Center for Strategic and Budgetary Assessments. Former Undersecretary for Defense—AND—Andrew Krepinevich—President of the Center for Strategic and Budgetary Assessments—AND—Evan Montgomery—Research Fellow at the Center for Strategic and Budgetary Assessments (Eric, The dangers of a nuclear Iran, FA 90;1, http://www.csbaonline.org/wp-content/uploads/2010/12/2010.12.27-The-Dangers-of-a-Nuclear-Iran.pdf) AND a single intelligence compromise could leave their weapons vulnerable to attack or theft. Extinction – nuke war fallout creates Ice Age and mass starvationSteven Starr 15. "Nuclear War: An Unrecognized Mass Extinction Event Waiting To Happen." Ratical. March 2015. https://ratical.org/radiation/NuclearExtinction/StevenStarr022815.html TG AND the operational and deployed nuclear arsenals, will leave the Earth essentially uninhabitable. | 9/6/21 |
SO - DA - US China RelationsTournament: Loyola Invitational | Round: 5 | Opponent: Memorial SC | Judge: Gordon Krauss 1Despite growing rivalry, US-China economic interdependence strong now. Exchange of tech know-how, collaboration science research, and massive US-China STEM pipeline improving relations – but it can easily collapse.Hass 8/12 ~Ryan Hass (Senior Fellow - Foreign Policy, Center for East Asia Policy Studies, John L. Thornton China Center The Michael H. Armacost Chair Chen-Fu and Cecilia Yen Koo Chair in Taiwan Studies Nonresident Fellow, Paul Tsai China Center, Yale Law School), 8-12-2021, "The "new normal" in US-China relations: Hardening competition and deep interdependence," Brookings, https://www.brookings.edu/blog/order-from-chaos/2021/08/12/the-new-normal-in-us-china-relations-hardening-competition-and-deep-interdependence/ belle~ AND economic development. It remains to be seen whether this trend will continue. Plan hurts US-China relations – means China goes back on it’s promise to regulate IP violations and draws in U.S. crackdown.Shape 2/19 ~Steven M. Shape; registered patent attorney and electrical engineer who has represented preeminent technology companies in complex, high-stakes Intellectual Property litigation; 2-19-2021, "IP Law Looms Large Over U.S.-China Relations," No Publication, https://www.mondaq.com/trademark/1038030/ip-law-looms-large-over-us-china-relations belle~ AND reliable IP services provider to help establish strong protection for their intangible assets. AI destabilizing but dialogues key to peaceful AI – anything else risks escalation to nuclear war.Haotian ’21 ~Qi Haotian (assistant professor in the School of International Studies at Peking University, where he teaches courses on international security, military science, international public policy, and game theory. He is also secretary general of the Institute for Global Cooperation and Understanding at Peking University. His research interests include technological transitions and world politics, international security and conflict management, and methodology and philosophy of social science) April 2021, " US AND CHINESE ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE CAPABILITIES," United States Institute of Peace, https://www.usip.org/sites/default/files/2021-04/pw'172-enhancing'us-china'strategic'stability'in'an'era'of'strategic'competition'us'and'chinese'perspectives.pdf belle~ AND missile submarines, intercontinental ballistic missiles, and second-strike countermeasure systems. SCS conflict draws in NATO and goes nuclearPolina Tikhonova 15. Writer, journalist and a certified translator. Over the past 7 years, she has worked for a wide variety of top European, American, Russian, and Ukrainian media outlets. Polina holds a Master's Degree in English Philology from the University of Oxford and a Bachelor's Degree in Journalism from the Saint Petersburg State University, 11-28-2015, "US Faces Nuclear War Threat Over South China Sea," ValueWalk, http://www.valuewalk.com/2015/11/us-nuclear-war-south-china-sea/ AND it must do everything to avoid this scenario through unintended escalations," Baohui wrote Nuke war causes extinction – Ice Age, famines, and war won’t stay limitedEdwards 17 ~Paul N. Edwards, CISAC’s William J. Perry Fellow in International Security at Stanford’s Freeman Spogli Institute for International Studies. Being interviewed by EarthSky. How nuclear war would affect Earth’s climate. September 8, 2017. earthsky.org/human-world/how-nuclear-war-would-affect-earths-climate~ Note, we are only reading parts of the interview that are directly from Paul Edwards — MMG AND two nuclear powers would stay limited to these smaller, less destructive bombs. | 9/5/21 |
SO - DA - Vaccine MandatesTournament: Greenhill Fall Classic | Round: 4 | Opponent: Harker DV | Judge: Rachel Mauchline 4EU vaccine mandates strong and growing nowBendix 9/10/21 (Aria, reporter for Business Insider "Vaccine mandates are proving successful in European countries. That may bode well for the US." https://www.businessinsider.com/vaccine-mandates-working-europe-boost-vaccination-rates-us-2021-9 September 10, 2021)DR 21 AND Italy's daily vaccination rate rose 40 from August 20 to September 4. Anti-vaxxers can use strong whistleblower protections from the plan to dodge vaccine mandatesRolfsen 2020 (Bruce, writer for Bloomberg law. "Covid-19 Employer Vaccination Programs Could Be Sought by OSHA" https://news.bloomberglaw.com/daily-labor-report/covid-19-employer-vaccination-programs-could-be-sought-by-osha Sept. 18, 2020)DR 21 High, but not herd-immunity level, of vaccinations creates a breeding ground for monster strains of COVID—EU is the key testTurns econ AND the first time, and everybody else will be learning from our behavior." Runaway variants bypass system responses- escalates to extinctionBar-Yam 2021 (literally the most qualified COVID specialist there is. American scientist born in Boston, Massachusetts who received his Bachelor of Science and PhD in physics from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. He is the founding president of New England Complex Systems Institute. His research has focused on formalizing complex systems and attempting to relate these to everyday social issues. He is an expert in the quantitative analysis of pandemics and was an advisor to policy makers on the West Africa Ebola virus epidemic. In February 2020, he founded EndCoronavirus.org, a global network of thousands of volunteers to guide and provide policy on fighting the COVID-19 pandemic. TRANSCRIPT OF THE CONVERSATION WITH YANEER BAR-YAM ON COMPLEXITY AND WICKED POLICY PROBLEMS https://www.staatslabor.ch/en/transcript-of-conversation-yaneer-bar-yam-on-complexity-and-wicked-policy-problems February 5th, 2021)DR 21 AND bit, then there are many others that are evading it even more. Other countries don’t thump— The ideal scenario is high vaccination rates (60) without herd immunity (90) and rampant spread. Only the EU has that high of a vaccination rate with no restrictionsLanese 08/06/21 (Nicoletta, reporter for Live Science, reporting on a new model published in Scientific Reports. staff writer for Live Science covering health and medicine, along with an assortment of biology, animal, environment and climate stories. She holds degrees in neuroscience and dance from the University of Florida and a graduate certificate in science communication from the University of California, Santa Cruz. Her work has appeared in The Scientist Magazine, Science News, The San Jose Mercury News and Mongabay, among other outlets. "Vaccine-resistant coronavirus 'mutants' are more likely when transmission is high, new model finds" https://www.livescience.com/coronavirus-vaccine-resistance-mutation-model.html August 06, 2021)DR 21 AND This would help drive resistant strains to extinction before they spread too far. | 9/20/21 |
SO - K - Settler ColonialismTournament: Greenhill Fall Classic RR | Round: 1 | Opponent: Immaculate Heart BC | Judge: Jenn Melin, Rodrigo Paramo 3The aff’s gnaritas nullius assumption that knowledge belongs to the public is incompatible with indigenous autonomy. Shifting medicine from intellectual property to the public domain reconfigures the Western system of IPR and stands in direct contradiction with native sovereignty.Younging 10 "Intergovernmental Committee On Intellectual Property And Genetic Resources Traditional Knowledge And Folklore" Seventeenth Session Geneva, December 6-10, 2010 Wipo Indigenous Panel On The Role Of The Public Domain Concept: Experiences In The Fields Of Genetic Resources, Traditional Knowledge And Traditional Cultural Expressions: Experiences From Canada Document prepared by Mr. Gregory Younging ~Creative Rights Alliance, Kelowna, Canada, Opaskwayak Cree Nation-Canada~ https://www.wipo.int/edocs/mdocs/tk/en/wipo'grtkf'ic'17/wipo'grtkf'ic'17'inf'5'a.pdf SM AND made outside the problematic frameworks of the colonization of TK and Gnaritas Nullius. The aff definitely necessitates gnaritas nulliuseven if the plan doesn’t – Sherkow, Sterlin and Readar are about how patents get in the way of free spread of info and innovation, Menz talks about how it’s a barrier to free trade, lake is about how trade closure is bad. Miscel literallty says that the power to engineer should not be limited. Wachowiz says that public interest overrides any bans which is the same logic used to exploit indenous knowledge for new tech etc historiaclly.The project of environmentalism is epistemologically bound in structures of Western science and settler law – the 1AC’s understanding of ecological destruction is the active erasure of indigeneity from the land.Bacon 18 ~JM Bacon is an interdisciplinary scholar with a Ph.D. in Environmental Sciences, Studies and Policy from the University of Oregon. His research projects consider the relationship between identity, culture, and environmental values and practices. He is currently a Visiting Assistant Professor in the Sociology Department at Grinnell College.~ "Settler colonialism as eco-social structure and the production of colonial ecological violence." Environmental Sociology, 5:1, 59-69. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/23251042.2018.1474725 TG AND over hundreds of millions of years." (McKibben ~1989~ 2006) Extinction impacts are fabricated by the logic of elimination - settlers have a psychological investment in imagining the end of the world to create a sense of white vulnerability at the expense of enacting decolonization.Dalley 16 AND effects that shape much of the contemporary literature emerging from white colonial settings. Settlerism is an everyday process shaped by affective investments in institutions that claim jurisdiction over native land.Mark Rifkin, PhD, Director of the Women's and Gender Studies Program and Professor of English at the University of North Carolina, Greensboro. "Settler common sense." Settler Colonial Studies, 2013 Vol. 3, Nos. 3–4, 322–340, http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/2201473X.2013.810702. JJN AND "the murderous activities of the frontier rabble" (392–3). The alternative operates on two levels – first, the only ethical response to settlerism is one of decolonization.Tuck and Yang 12 AND one. Decolonization is not an "and". It is an elsewhere. Second, the aff’s understanding of public knowledge requires an alternative – vote negative for a sui generis moral rights framework that emphasizing guardianship over ownership. The link turn assumes a settler notion of personhood which proves our argument.Vézina 20 "Ensuring Respect for Indigenous Cultures A Moral Rights Approach" Brigitte Vézina ~fellow at the Canadian think tank Centre for International Governance Innovation. She holds a bachelor’s degree in law from the Université de Montréal and a master’s in law from Georgetown University~, Centre for International Governance Innovation Papers No. 243 — May 2020, https://www.cigionline.org/static/documents/documents/vezina-paper'1.pdf SM AND trumps these concerns, as no use should be considered offensive per se. Alt solves the case – a Sui Generis conception of medicine requires communal and cultural guardianship but is incompatible appropriation and oppression – solves innovation because possession centered IPR is ended by the alt, but the aff fails because democratization of knowledge is just exploitationGenomic research is predicated off the stigmatization and erasure of native sovereignty. The aff’s removal of IP stands in direct opposite to indigenous mechanism for cultural protection that undergird ethical genomic research.Garrison et al 19 Annual Review of Genomics and Human Genetics Genomic Research Through an Indigenous Lens: Understanding the Expectations ~Nanibaa’ A. Garrison,1,2 Maui Hudson, ¯ 3 Leah L. Ballantyne,4 Ibrahim Garba,5,6 Andrew Martinez,6 Maile Taualii,7 Laura Arbour,4,8 Nadine R. Caron,9,10,11 and Stephanie Carroll Rainie6,12~ March 20, 2019 https://www.annualreviews.org/doi/pdf/10.1146/annurev-genom-083118-015434 SM AND challenges that Indigenous peoples face in genomic research and how to address them. Representations and epistemology perpetuate settler practices – the way we understand and discuss the structures around us overdetermines our praxisSeawright 14 Gardner Seawright is a doctoral candidate in the Education, Culture, and Society department at the University of Utah. "Settler Traditions of Place: Making Explicit the Epistemological Legacy of White Supremacy and Settler Colonialism for Place-Based Education." EDUCATIONAL STUDIES, 50: 554–572, 2014, American Educational Studies Association. JJN AND cat- alyze critical consciousness to imagine and hopefully actualize an alternative epistemology. | 9/16/21 |
SO - K - Settler Colonialism v2Tournament: Greenhill Fall Classic RR | Round: 2 | Opponent: Sage Hill MP | Judge: Christopher Randall, Chris Castillo 3The aff’s gnaritas nullius assumption that knowledge belongs to the public is incompatible with indigenous autonomy. Shifting medicine from intellectual property to the public domain reconfigures the Western system of IPR and stands in direct contradiction with native sovereignty.Younging 10 "Intergovernmental Committee On Intellectual Property And Genetic Resources Traditional Knowledge And Folklore" Seventeenth Session Geneva, December 6-10, 2010 Wipo Indigenous Panel On The Role Of The Public Domain Concept: Experiences In The Fields Of Genetic Resources, Traditional Knowledge And Traditional Cultural Expressions: Experiences From Canada Document prepared by Mr. Gregory Younging ~Creative Rights Alliance, Kelowna, Canada, Opaskwayak Cree Nation-Canada~ https://www.wipo.int/edocs/mdocs/tk/en/wipo'grtkf'ic'17/wipo'grtkf'ic'17'inf'5'a.pdf SM AND made outside the problematic frameworks of the colonization of TK and Gnaritas Nullius. The aff definitely necessitates gnaritas nulliuseven if the plan doesn’t – AC Barnett calls for "an open and accessible marketplace for products" and AC Gunelius calls for "free competition"The project of environmentalism is epistemologically bound in structures of Western science and settler law – the 1AC’s understanding of ecological destruction is the active erasure of indigeneity from the land.Bacon 18 ~JM Bacon is an interdisciplinary scholar with a Ph.D. in Environmental Sciences, Studies and Policy from the University of Oregon. His research projects consider the relationship between identity, culture, and environmental values and practices. He is currently a Visiting Assistant Professor in the Sociology Department at Grinnell College.~ "Settler colonialism as eco-social structure and the production of colonial ecological violence." Environmental Sociology, 5:1, 59-69. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/23251042.2018.1474725 TG AND over hundreds of millions of years." (McKibben ~1989~ 2006) Extinction impacts are fabricated by the logic of elimination - settlers have a psychological investment in imagining the end of the world to create a sense of white vulnerability at the expense of enacting decolonization.Dalley 16 AND effects that shape much of the contemporary literature emerging from white colonial settings. Settlerism is an everyday process shaped by affective investments in institutions that claim jurisdiction over native land.Mark Rifkin, PhD, Director of the Women's and Gender Studies Program and Professor of English at the University of North Carolina, Greensboro. "Settler common sense." Settler Colonial Studies, 2013 Vol. 3, Nos. 3–4, 322–340, http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/2201473X.2013.810702. JJN AND "the murderous activities of the frontier rabble" (392–3). The alternative operates on two levels – first, the only ethical response to settlerism is one of decolonization.Tuck and Yang 12 AND one. Decolonization is not an "and". It is an elsewhere. Second, the aff’s understanding of public knowledge requires an alternative – vote negative for a sui generis moral rights framework that emphasizing guardianship over ownership. The link turn assumes a settler notion of personhood which proves our argument.Vézina 20 "Ensuring Respect for Indigenous Cultures A Moral Rights Approach" Brigitte Vézina ~fellow at the Canadian think tank Centre for International Governance Innovation. She holds a bachelor’s degree in law from the Université de Montréal and a master’s in law from Georgetown University~, Centre for International Governance Innovation Papers No. 243 — May 2020, https://www.cigionline.org/static/documents/documents/vezina-paper'1.pdf SM AND trumps these concerns, as no use should be considered offensive per se. Alt solves the case – a Sui Generis conception of medicine requires communal and cultural guardianship but is incompatible appropriation and oppression – solves innovation and strain diversity because possession centered IPR is ended by the altRepresentations and epistemology perpetuate settler practices – the way we understand and discuss the structures around us overdetermines our praxisSeawright 14 Gardner Seawright is a doctoral candidate in the Education, Culture, and Society department at the University of Utah. "Settler Traditions of Place: Making Explicit the Epistemological Legacy of White Supremacy and Settler Colonialism for Place-Based Education." EDUCATIONAL STUDIES, 50: 554–572, 2014, American Educational Studies Association. JJN AND cat- alyze critical consciousness to imagine and hopefully actualize an alternative epistemology. | 9/16/21 |
SO - T - Cant Spec MedicinesTournament: Loyola Invitational | Round: 4 | Opponent: Southlake Carroll EP | Judge: Lena Mizrahi 1Interpretation: The aff may not defend WTO member nations reducing intellectual property protections for a subset of medicines.Violation – they only defend COVID-19 medicinesVote neg:1~ Limits – you can pick anything from COVID vaccines to marijuana to random biotech to insulin treatments and there’s no universal disad since each one has a different function and implication for health, tech, and relations – explodes neg prep and leads to random medicine of the week affs which makes cutting stable neg links impossible. PICs don’t solve – it’s absurd to say neg potential abuse justifies the aff being flat out not T, which leads to a race towards abuse. Limits key to reciprocal engagement since they create a caselist for neg prep.2~ TVA – read the aff as an advantage to a whole rez aff. | 9/26/21 |
SO - T - Cant Spec Medicines v2Tournament: Nano Nagle RR | Round: 2 | Opponent: Harker DV | Judge: Felicity Park 1NC1Interpretation: "medicines" is a generic bare plural. The aff may not defend WTO member nations reducing intellectual property protections for a subset of medicines.Violation – they only defend emergency use listing medicines during public health emergencies other than Covid-19 of international concern.Vote neg:Precision o/w – anything else justifies the aff arbitrarily jettisoning words in the resolution at their whim which decks negative ground and preparation because the aff is no longer bounded by the resolution.1~ Limits – you can pick anything from COVID vaccines to HIV/AIDS to random biotech to insulin treatments and there’s no universal disad since each one has a different function and implication for health, tech, and relations – explodes neg prep and leads to random medicine of the week affs which makes cutting stable neg links impossible.2~ TVA – read the aff as an advantage to a whole rez aff. | 10/11/21 |
SO - T - Cant Spec StatesTournament: Greenhill Fall Classic | Round: 4 | Opponent: Harker DV | Judge: Rachel Mauchline 1Interpretation: The aff may not defend a subset of "the member nations of the WTO" reducing intellectual property protections for medicines."The" denotes totalitySharvy 80 Richard Sharvy (1980). A More General Theory of Definite Descriptions. The Philosophical Review, 89(4), 607–624. doi:10.2307/2184738 SM AND Auckland, etc., that satisfy the plural predicate 'are people in Auckland'. Violation – they only defend EU member statesVote neg:1~ Limits – you can pick any one of 160+ countries ranging from India to the US to Israel to France and there’s no universal disad since each one has different intellectual property laws and political or public health situations – explodes neg prep and leads to random nation of the week affs which makes cutting stable neg links impossible. PICs don’t solve – it’s absurd to say neg potential abuse justifies the aff being flat out not T, which leads to a race towards abuse. Limits key to reciprocal engagement since they create a caselist for neg prep.2~ TVA – read the aff as an advantage to a whole rez aff.Voters:Precision o/w – anything else justifies the aff arbitrarily jettisoning words in the resolution at their whim which decks negative ground and preparation because the aff is no longer bounded by the resolution.Drop the debater – a) they have a 7-6 rebuttal advantage and the 2ar to make args I can’t respond to, b) no arg to drop it’s TUse competing interps – a) reasonability invites arbitrary judge intervention since we don’t know your bs meter, b) collapses to competing interps – we justify 2 brightlines under an offense defense paradigm just like 2 interps.No RVIs – a) illogical – you shouldn’t win for being fair – it’s a litmus test for engaging in substance, b) norming – I can’t concede the counterinterp if I realize I’m wrong which forces me to argue for bad norms,Evaluate T before 1AR theory – norms – we only have a couple months to set T norms but can set 1AR theory norms anytime, | 9/20/21 |
SO - T - Extra TTournament: Greenhill Fall Classic | Round: 4 | Opponent: Harker DV | Judge: Rachel Mauchline 2Interp – the aff must only defend that the member nations of the World Trade Organization ought to reduce intellectual property protections for medicines.Violation – they’re extra topical – the aff changes the process by which whistleblowing happens and shifts a legal burden of proof – their response to inherency will prove the violation hereVote neg for limits and ground: extra-topicality allows them to tack on infinite planks to artificially improve aff solvency and spike out of DAs, like fiating enforcement or other reforms. Also key to education and advocacy – they never have to test their aff against well-researched objections which o/w since it’s the only portable skill in debate. The counter-interp sets a precedent that the scope of aff fiat doesn’t have to be bounded by the resolution, which outweighs on magnitude. No drop the arg – we shouldn’t have to always read T just to get back to what we should’ve been debating to begin with – it incentivizes adding random extra-t planks because there’s no punishment. | 9/20/21 |
SO - T - IPP for MedicinesTournament: Nano Nagle Classic | Round: 1 | Opponent: Archbishop Mitty AB | Judge: Carlos Astacio 2====Interp and Violation – affs must reduce intellectual property protections for medicines.==== Medicine is treatment for illness or injuryCambridge Dictionary 21 ~Cambridge Dictionary, 2021, https://dictionary.cambridge.org/us/dictionary/english/medicine~~ Lex AKo The aff is about data exclusvity which doesn’t apply — Data exclusivity are not IPP for medicine.Thrasher 21 Thrasher, Rachel. "How Data Exclusivity Laws Impact Drug Prices:" Global Development Policy Center Chart of the Week How Data Exclusivity Laws Impact Drug Prices Comments, 25 May 2021, www.bu.edu/gdp/2021/05/25/chart-of-the-week-how-data-exclusivity-laws-impact-drug-prices/. Lex AKo AND it does not require exclusivity rules that block the registration of generic products. Clinical trials are a study for medicine to then get protected, but not medicine themselvesReview ~Institutional Review, "Clinical Trials," https://www.phrma.org/policy-issues/Research-Development/Clinical-Trials~~ Lex AKo AND allows the investigational medicine to be tested in human volunteers in clinical trials. Negate:1~ Limits – explodes the topic to anything from random trade secrets to trademark pictures and symbols to copyrights which destroys core generics like innovation that obviously don’t link to trademarks – core of the topic is about proprietary rights to ideas and innovations, not random trade secrets for a company’s marketing strategies or customer lists. A big case list with no unifying generics destroys neg prep – disincentivizes in depth topic research and leaves the neg behind.2~ Precision o/w – anything else justifies the aff arbitrarily jettisoning words in the resolution at their whim which decks negative ground and preparation because the aff is no longer bounded by the resolution. | 10/8/21 |
SO - T - MedicineTournament: Loyola Invitational | Round: 2 | Opponent: Saratoga AG | Judge: Ben Cortez 2====Interp – "medicines" treat or cure, whereas vaccines prevent – o/w on specificity since it’s about the COVID vaccine==== AND you bulletproof, they dramatically increase the odds of surviving an adverse event. Violation – j vaccinesNegate –1~ Limits – expanding the topic to preventative treatment or medical interventions allows anything from surgery to medical devices to education strategies or mosquito repellent to prevent malaria. Destroys core generics like innovation which are exclusive to disease curing – core of the topic is about proprietary information.Voters:Drop the debater – they have a 7-6 rebuttal advantage and the 2ar to make args I can’t respond to,Use competing interps reasonability invites arbitrary judge intervention since we don’t know your bs meter,No RVIs –illogical – you shouldn’t win for being fair – it’s a litmus test for engaging in substance,Evaluate T before 1AR theory – norms – we only have a couple months to set T norms but can set 1AR theory norms anytime, | 9/5/21 |
SO - T - Medicine v2Tournament: Greenhill Fall Classic RR | Round: 1 | Opponent: Immaculate Heart BC | Judge: Jenn Melin, Rodrigo Paramo 2Interp – "medicines" prevent, diagnose, or treat harmsMRS 20 ~(MAINE REVENUE SERVICE SALES, FUEL and SPECIAL TAX DIVISION) "A REFERENCE GUIDE TO THE SALES AND USE TAX LAW" https://www.maine.gov/revenue/sites/maine.gov.revenue/files/inline-files/Reference20Guide202020.pdf December 2020~ SS AND retail consumer or patient; or (2) are sold in packaging. Violation – CRISPR is a platform technology, not a medicine.Editas Medicine ~(a clinical-stage biotechnology company which is developing therapies based on CRISPR–Cas9 gene editing technology)., No Date, CRISPR Gene Editing, https://www.editasmedicine.com/crispr-gene-editing/~~ Justin AND used in that way not all applicatoins so they cant slve for the aff Negate –1~ Limits – their model explodes it to medical devices, any form of strategy for medical research, databases that are used to create medicines and more – only our definition creates a reasonable caselist for medicines while they make prep impossible and wreck engagement2~ Precision – MRS is a legal definition of medicines from codified law and has intent to define which proves we’re right and consistent with topic lit | 9/16/21 |
SO - T - Medicine v3Tournament: Greenhill Fall Classic RR | Round: 2 | Opponent: Sage Hill MP | Judge: Christopher Randall, Chris Castillo 2Interp – "medicines" prevent, diagnose, or treat harmsMRS 20 ~(MAINE REVENUE SERVICE SALES, FUEL and SPECIAL TAX DIVISION) "A REFERENCE GUIDE TO THE SALES AND USE TAX LAW" https://www.maine.gov/revenue/sites/maine.gov.revenue/files/inline-files/Reference20Guide202020.pdf December 2020~ SS AND retail consumer or patient; or (2) are sold in packaging. Violation – Interpretation: Medicine is a drug used in preventionLexico ND ~(Lexico dictionary) https://www.lexico.com/definition/medicine~~ BC To be a medicine a substance must meet FDA standardsFDA no date https://www.fda.gov/industry/regulated-products/human-drugs AND Drug application Cannabis isn’t a medicine – they are conflating having medicinal properties with medicinesCDC ND ~(Center for the Disease Control and Prevention) "Is marijuana medicine?" https://www.cdc.gov/marijuana/faqs/is-marijuana-medicine.html~~ BC AND way to know what kind and how much of a chemical you’re getting. Cannabis isn’t a medicine –Madras 16 ~(Bertha, Madras is a professor of psychobiology in the Department of Psychiatry and the chair of the Division of Neurochemistry at Harvard Medical School, Harvard University; she served as associate director for public education in the division on Addictions at Harvard Medical School.) "Opinion: 5 reasons marijuana is not medicine" The Washington Post, 4/29/2016. https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/in-theory/wp/2016/04/29/5-reasons-marijuana-is-not-medicine/~~ BC AND to rigorous, objective clinical trials nor was it widely available for scrutiny. Negate –1~ Limits – their model explodes it to medical devices, home remedies, anything that remotely treats and more – only our definition creates a reasonable caselist for medicines while they make prep impossible and wreck engagement2~ Precision – MRS is a legal definition of medicines from codified law and has intent to define which proves we’re right and consistent with topic lit | 9/16/21 |
SO - T - Medicine v4Tournament: Nano Nagle Classic | Round: 5 | Opponent: Southlake Carrol SD | Judge: Felicity Park 2Violation – Interpretation – Marijuana isn’t a MedicineMosley 20, Mark. "Medical Marijuana Is a Dangerous Lie." Emergency Medicine News 42.8 (2020): 2-3. (Dr. Mark Mosley is an emergency medicine physician in Wichita, Kansas and is affiliated with Wesley Healthcare Center. He received his medical degree from University of Oklahoma College of Medicine and has been in practice for more than 20 years.)Elmer AND willow tree in place of acetylsalicylic acid, the active ingredient in aspirin. FDA and CDC definitions prove.CDC ’18 (CDC; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; 3-7-2018; "Is marijuana medicine?"; CDC; https://www.cdc.gov/marijuana/faqs/is-marijuana-medicine.html; Accessed: 9-4-2021; AU) AND way to know what kind and how much of a chemical you’re getting. Negate –1~ Limits – their model explodes it to medical devices, anything that could be used in a medicinally, random herbs and more – only our definition creates a reasonable caselist for medicines while they make prep impossible and wreck engagement2~ Precision – MRS is a legal definition of medicines from codified law and has intent to define which proves we’re right and consistent with topic lit3~ At best – they’re extra-T since Cannabis isn’t intrinsically medicinal, it just has medicinal uses so they would reduce Recreational Marijuana patents too which isn’t topical and explodes limits.Johnson 20 Ian Johnson 1-20-2020 "Cannabis Patents 2000 – 2019: Trends Following Legalization" https://plantlaw.com/2020/01/20/cannabis-trends-medical-recreational/ (Registered Patent Agent, Plant and Planet Law Firm)Elmer AND below demonstrates the growth of the recreational sector’s share of cannabis patent activity. | 10/9/21 |
SO - T - ReduceTournament: Loyola Invitational | Round: 2 | Opponent: Saratoga AG | Judge: Ben Cortez 1Interp – reductions are permanentReynolds 59. Judge (In the Matter of Doris A. Montesani, Petitioner, v. Arthur Levitt, as Comptroller of the State of New York, et al., Respondents ~NO NUMBER IN ORIGINAL~ Supreme Court of New York, Appellate Division, Third Department 9 A.D.2d 51; 189 N.Y.S.2d 695; 1959 N.Y. App. Div. LEXIS 7391 August 13, 1959) AND and Social Security Law, § 101 ~§ 84 under the 1947 act~.) Violation – cxNegate –Limits and topic lit – their model allows adding on infinite random suspensions to IP protections, anything from conditioning IP protections on human rights to monopolistic tendencies – the core of the debate is reducing IP protections, not temporarily suspending them | 9/5/21 |
SO - T - Reduce v2Tournament: Greenhill Fall Classic RR | Round: 2 | Opponent: Sage Hill MP | Judge: Christopher Randall, Chris Castillo 1Interp – reductions are permanentReynolds 59. Judge (In the Matter of Doris A. Montesani, Petitioner, v. Arthur Levitt, as Comptroller of the State of New York, et al., Respondents ~NO NUMBER IN ORIGINAL~ Supreme Court of New York, Appellate Division, Third Department 9 A.D.2d 51; 189 N.Y.S.2d 695; 1959 N.Y. App. Div. LEXIS 7391 August 13, 1959) AND and Social Security Law, § 101 ~§ 84 under the 1947 act~.) Violation –Negate –1~ Limits and topic lit – their model allows adding on infinite random suspensions to IP protections, anything from conditioning IP protections on human rights to monopolistic tendencies – the core of the debate is reducing IP protections, not temporarily suspending them2~ Precision—they justify the aff arbitrarily doing away with words in the resolution – nothing stops them defending telemedicine or big pharma bad nextVoters:Fairness and education are voters – debate’s a game that needs rules to evaluate it and education gives us portable skills for life like research and thinking.Precision o/w – anything else justifies the aff arbitrarily jettisoning words in the resolution at their whim which decks negative ground and preparation because the aff is no longer bounded by the resolution.Drop the debater – a) they have a 7-6 rebuttal advantage and the 2ar to make args I can’t respond to, b) it deters future abuse and sets a positive norm.Use competing interps – a) reasonability invites arbitrary judge intervention since we don’t know your bs meter, b) collapses to competing interps – we justify 2 brightlines under an offense defense paradigm just like 2 interps.No RVIs – a) illogical – you shouldn’t win for being fair – it’s a litmus test for engaging in substance,b) norming – I can’t concede the counterinterp if I realize I’m wrong which forces me to argue for bad norms, c) baiting – incentivizes good debaters to be abusive, bait theory, then collapse to the 1AR RVI, d) topic ed – prevents 1AR blipstorm scripts and allows us to get back to substance after resolving theoryEvaluate T before 1AR theory – a) norms – we only have a couple months to set T norms but can set 1AR theory norms anytime,b) magnitude – T affects a larger portion of the debate since the aff advocacy determines every speech after it | 9/16/21 |
SO - T - Reduce v3Tournament: Greenhill Fall Classic | Round: 5 | Opponent: Strake KS | Judge: David Yi 1ACOffs1Interp – reductions are permanentReynolds 59. Judge (In the Matter of Doris A. Montesani, Petitioner, v. Arthur Levitt, as Comptroller of the State of New York, et al., Respondents ~NO NUMBER IN ORIGINAL~ Supreme Court of New York, Appellate Division, Third Department 9 A.D.2d 51; 189 N.Y.S.2d 695; 1959 N.Y. App. Div. LEXIS 7391 August 13, 1959) AND and Social Security Law, § 101 ~§ 84 under the 1947 act~.) Violation –Negate –1~ Limits and topic lit – their model allows adding on infinite random suspensions to IP protections, anything from conditioning IP protections on human rights to monopolistic tendencies – the core of the debate is reducing IP protections, not temporarily suspending them2~ Precision—they justify the aff arbitrarily doing away with words in the resolution – nothing stops them defending telemedicine or big pharma bad nextVoters:Fairness and education are voters – debate’s a game that needs rules to evaluate it and education gives us portable skills for life like research and thinking.Precision o/w – anything else justifies the aff arbitrarily jettisoning words in the resolution at their whim which decks negative ground and preparation because the aff is no longer bounded by the resolution.Drop the debater – they have a 7-6 rebuttal advantage and the 2ar to make args I can’t respond toUse competing interps – reasonability invites arbitrary judge intervention since we don’t know your bs meterNo RVIs – a) illogical – you shouldn’t win for being fair – it’s a litmus test for engaging in substance, b) norming – I can’t concede the counterinterp if I realize I’m wrong which forces me to argue for bad norms, c) baiting – incentivizes good debaters to be abusive, bait theory, then collapse to the 1AR RVI,Evaluate T before 1AR theory – magnitude – T affects a larger portion of the debate since the aff advocacy determines every speech after it | 9/19/21 |
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