1ac - euphoric trips v7 1nc - must fiat immediate action t medicine infrastructure ptx da case 1ar - all 2nr - must fiat immediate action case 2ar - case must fiat immediate action
Greenhill Fall Classic
3
Opponent: Harrison AA | Judge: Varad Agarwala
1ac - euphoric trips v7 1nc - t reduce t medicine environmentalism da infra ptx da case 1ar - all 2nr - environment da case 2ar - infra ptx da enviroment da
Greenhill Fall Classic
6
Opponent: Lexington BF | Judge: Sam Anderson
1ac - euphoric trips v8 1nc - must spec enforcement t t medicine t reduce infrastructure ptx da wto legitimacy da case 1ar - all 2nr - must spec enforcement 2ar - must spec enforcement
Greenhill Fall Classic
Doubles
Opponent: Lexington AK | Judge: Gordon Krauss, Serena Lu, Ishan Rereddy
1ac - jordan 1nc - new affs bad t medicine cant spec states kant case 1ar - new affs bad t medicine cant spec states kant 2nr - t medicine kant 2ar - kant t medicine
1ac - euphoric trips v3 1nc - t medicine cap k opioids adv cp consult who 1ar - all condo 2nr - t 2ar - t
Loyola Invitational
Octas
Opponent: Orange Lutheran AZ | Judge: Nathan Russell, David Dosch, Lena Mizrahi
1ac - euphoric trips v4 1nc - t cant spec medicines t reduce t medicine us pic infrastructure da us bank adv cp monism nc cap k case 1ar - all condo 2nr - infrastructure da adv cp case 2ar - condo all
Loyola Invitational
Quarters
Opponent: San Mateo YR | Judge: Tom, Neville Pittman, Phoenix Dosch, David
1ac - euphoric trips v5 1nc - t reduce t medicine t vagueness innovation da infrastructure da case 1ar - all 2nr - infrastructure da case 2ar - case da
Loyola Invitational
Semis
Opponent: Diamond Bar NC | Judge: David Dosch, Danielle Dosch, Gordon Krauss
1ac - euphoric trips v6 1nc - t reduce t medicines infrastructure case 1ar - all 2nr - t reduce 2ar - t
Loyola Invitational
Octas
Opponent: Orange Lutheran AZ | Judge: Nathan Russell, David Dosch, Lena Mizrahi
1ac - euphoric trips v4 1nc - t cant spec medicines t reduce t medicine us pic infrastructure da us bank adv cp monism nc cap k case 1ar - all condo 2nr - infrastructure da adv cp case 2ar - condo all
Mid America Cup
1
Opponent: Scarsdale DH | Judge: Aryan Jasani
1ac - biopiracy v3 1nc - weheliye k case 1ar - case k 2nr - k case 2ar - case k
Mid America Cup
5
Opponent: Sidwell SW | Judge: Chris Castillo
1ac - jordan 1nc - informatics k case 1ar - all condo 2nr - k case 2ar - condo
Mid America Cup
4
Opponent: Strake Jesuit VC | Judge: Breigh Plat
1ac - biopiracy v4 1nc - t cant spec medicine kant nc case 1ar - t kant must read cp must read condo must spec advocacy afc 2nr - t 2ar - t
1ac - biopiracy v2 1nc - t cant spec medicine science diplomats discussion cp innovation da case 1ar - all condo private actor fiat bad fiating compliance bad 2nr - cp case 2ar - case cp
1ac - biopiracy v2 1nc - enforcement spec innovation da framing case 1ar - all indp voter on t 2nr - innovation da case 2ar - case da
Mid America Cup RR
1
Opponent: Murphy Independent AW | Judge: Jayanne Forrest, Eric He
1ac - jordan 1nc - t medicine t must defend all wto states reps k case 1ar - all condo 2nr - reps k case 2ar - case k
Nano Nagle Classic
2
Opponent: Harker MK | Judge: Amy Nyberg
1ac - jordan v2 1nc - cap k case 1ar - all 2nr - k case 2ar - case k
Nano Nagle Classic
3
Opponent: Marlborough AK | Judge: Emmiee Malyugina
1ac - jordan 1nc - innovation t plural adv cp case 1ar - all condo alt agent bad 2nr - cp innovation case 2ar - case cp da
Nano Nagle Classic
6
Opponent: Saratoga AG | Judge: Vishan Chaudhary
1ac - jordan 1nc - t ip t cant spec member nations cap k innovation adv cp case 1ar - all condo 2nr - t cant spec member nations 2ar - t
Nano Nagle RR
1
Opponent: Immaculate Heart BC | Judge: Nick Fleming
1ac - jordan v3 1nc - t wto t cant spec ip cap k case 1ar - all condo 2nr - t wto 2ar - t
Nano Nagle RR
4
Opponent: Sage MP | Judge: David Dosch
1ac - jordan v3 1nc - anti realism nc case 1ar - case nc 2nr - nc 2ar - nc
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0 - Contact Info
Tournament: x | Round: 1 | Opponent: x | Judge: x Hi! I'm Aly (they/them or she/her) -- email me (alyssa@vbm.com) or message me on Facebook (friend request first) for disclosure or if you have any questions about what I will read or have read.
10/30/21
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Tournament: x | Round: 1 | Opponent: x | Judge: x 0 - Top Level 1 - Theory Generics 2 - K Generics 3 - Misc Generics ie Util FW SO - September/October ND - November/December JF - January/February
The continual settler drive to secure its own health has resulted in a system of global biopiracy wherein western transnational corporations have targeted traditional medicine used by tribes in places like Northeast India, establishing patents on biological resources and indigenous medicine for their own profit. Biopiracy renders these indigenous knowledges and communities as only sites for extraction of knowledge, wealth, and resources, which has spread to the global south and is only increasing in speed due to the genomics revolution.
Bhattacharya 14 ~Sayan Battacharya, Department of Environmental Studies at Rabindra Bharati University in Kolkata, India~, "Bioprospecting, biopiracy and food security in India: The emerging sides of neoliberalism", International Letters of Social and Humanistic Sciences, SciPress Ltd, pg. 49-54, 2014 SLC PK 2. BIODIVERSITY, BIOPROSPECTING AND BIOPIRACY Historically there has been prolific scientific interest
AND
rights of the farming community over the genetic wealth used in agriculture.17
Western intellectual property rights protections are structurally opposed to traditional indigenous medicines, causing continual cooption for modern pharmaceuticals while leaving the communities from which they’re derived in the dust.
Eiland 08 ~Dr. Eiland received a doctorate in Oriental Archaeology from Oxford University and an LLM from the Munich Intellectual Property Law Center~, "Patenting Traditional Medicine", Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH and Co. KG, pg. 7-10, 2008 SLC PK Traditional medicines (TM)1 can form the basis of modern pharmaceuticals. Depend
AND
critics, it has devastating effects on the TK of other nations.1
The move to biopiracy adds new energy and technology to the settler project of terra nullius, putting every part of the world into the project of dispossession.
Sharma and Campbell 99 ~Sharma is a Ph.D. in Sociology from the University of Toronto and an Associate Professor of the Sociology Department at the University of Hawai’I at Manoa. Allison Campbell is an American Chemist known for work on biomineralization, biomimetics, biomaterials, and bioactive coatings for medical implants.~ "Vandana Shiva on Sexual Economics, Biopiracy and Women's Ongoing Resistance to Colonialism", Atlantis, Volume 23.2, Spring/Summer 1999 SLC PK Q. 1 Some feminists talk about globalization as a new phenomenon. You talk
AND
in highly intensive interaction with ourselves and with the rest of the world.
Thus, we affirm – the member nations of the World Trade Organization ought to end the use of intellectual property protections by non-Indigenous groups for medicines derived from indigenous knowledge.
Indigenous peoples have made it clear—IPR is an active threat to traditional medicine which treats natives as an expense rather than a priority. Prefer indigenous scholarship—conversations over IPR on traditional knowledge have actively and historically excluded native voices which ignores the material implications they have on the lives and livelihoods of natives.
IPCB et al. 06 ~The IPCB is organized to assist indigenous peoples in the protection of their genetic resources, indigenous knowledge, cultural and human rights from the negative effects of biotechnology. Llamado de la Tierra is comprised of indigenous peoples throughout the world who are experienced in cultural and intellectual property policies and laws in the context of the indigenous struggle for de-colonisation and self-determination. The International Indian Treaty Council serves as an advocate for the human rights of Indigenous Peoples locally, nationally, and internationally.~ "Joint Statement of the Indigenous Peoples Council on Biocolonialism (IPCB), Call of the Earth/Llamado de la Tierra (COE), and International Indian Treaty Council (IITC)", International IP Policy News, 6-12-06, https://www.ip-watch.org/2006/12/06/inside-views-indigenous-groups-tell-wipo-dont-patent-our-traditional-knowledge/SLC PK Mr. Chairman, we have some general comments regarding document 10/5 on
AND
out in the human rights arena. Thank you for your indulgence.
When biopiracy tries to patent indigenous medicine, it also demonstrates a renewed interest in nature and a certain type of knowledge. This interest destabilizes the nature/culture binary as fixed by the enlightenment, showing that nature is of value. This becomes a locus to debunk settler myths and disrupt the equation of modernity. Legal and political moves against biopiracy such as the plan are key to solvency—anything else fails to rupture the western representation of the helpless native which is necessary for real justice.
Curbishley 15 ~Liddy Scarlet Curbishley in a Thesis submitted for the Masters of Humanities in Gender Studies at Utrecht University~, "Destabilizing the Colonization of Indigenous Knowledge In the Case of Biopiracy", August 2015 SLC PK Throughout this exploration of the colonization of indigenous knowledges through acts of biopiracy I have
AND
Gaard, 2010: 13) has on vulnerable individuals and the environment.
Every facet of foreign policy is indebted to settler colonialism—IR’s erasure of indigenous peoples through casting them as domestic, primitive, and landless creates complicity in the destruction of indigenous life and governance.
King 17 (Hayden King, Gchi'mnissing Anishinaabe writer and educator based in the Faculty of Arts at Ryerson University in Toronto., 7-31-17, The erasure of Indigenous thought in foreign policy, https://www.opencanada.org/features/erasure-indigenous-thought-foreign-policy/, JKS) This type of arrangement between Indigenous and non-Indigenous Canadians might be conceptualized as
AND
. And so, foreign policy is itself a manifestation of settler colonialism.
Debate’s fixation on extinction narratives centers a notion of universal humanity that allows for dehumanization and erasure of native relationality to nature. Settlers attach themselves to the thrill of abjection in order to distance themselves from the violence of settler colonialism and the ethical imperative to work against it.
Mitchell 17 ""Decolonizing against extinction part II: Extinction is not a metaphor – it is literally genocide" Audra Mitchell ~settler currently living and working on the Ancestral and Treaty lands of the Attawandaron (Neutral), Haudenosaunee (Six Nations of the Grand River) and Anishinaabe (Mississaugas of the New Credit) peoples. Prof. Mitchell holds the Canada Research Chair in Global Political Ecology at the Balsillie School of International Affairs~, September 27, 2017, https://worldlyir.wordpress.com/2017/09/27/decolonizing-against-extinction-part-ii-extinction-is-not-a-metaphor-it-is-literally-genocide/ SM Extinction is not a metaphor… Extinction has become an emblem of Western,
AND
relations, worlds and peoples that are targeted by these discourses and practices.
In settler research spaces we have a responsibility and role of the ballot to center indigenous knowledge, and to contribute to unsettling the academy—our work connects different discussions of indigeneity and decolonization to the rest of the globe.
Sium et al 12 (Aman Sium, Chandni Desai, Eric Ritskes, Ontario Institute for Studies in Education, University of Toronto, Sium identifies as being Tigrinya, indigenous, African, and Eritrean, Ritskes is Zhaganash, Towards the ‘tangible unknown’: Decolonization and the Indigenous future, Decolonization: Indigeneity, Education and Society ¶ Vol. 1, No. 1, 2012, pp. I-XIII, JKS) Decolonization does not exist without a framework that centers and privileges Indigenous life, community
AND
teach it to behave" (Alfred, 2009a, p. 37).
9/17/21
SO - AC - Biopiracy v2
Tournament: Mid America Cup RR | Round: 2 | Opponent: Strake Jesuit KS | Judge: Deserea Niemann, Holden Bukowsky
1AC
1AC
The continual settler drive to secure its own health has resulted in a system of global biopiracy wherein western transnational corporations have targeted traditional medicine used by tribes in places like Northeast India, establishing patents on biological resources and indigenous medicine for their own profit. Biopiracy renders these indigenous knowledges and communities as only sites for extraction of knowledge, wealth, and resources, which has spread to the global south and is only increasing in speed due to the genomics revolution.
Bhattacharya 14 ~Sayan Battacharya, Department of Environmental Studies at Rabindra Bharati University in Kolkata, India~, "Bioprospecting, biopiracy and food security in India: The emerging sides of neoliberalism", International Letters of Social and Humanistic Sciences, SciPress Ltd, pg. 49-54, 2014 SLC PK 2. BIODIVERSITY, BIOPROSPECTING AND BIOPIRACY Historically there has been prolific scientific interest
AND
rights of the farming community over the genetic wealth used in agriculture.17
Western intellectual property rights protections are structurally opposed to traditional indigenous medicines, causing continual cooption for modern pharmaceuticals while leaving the communities from which they’re derived in the dust.
Eiland 08 ~Dr. Eiland received a doctorate in Oriental Archaeology from Oxford University and an LLM from the Munich Intellectual Property Law Center~, "Patenting Traditional Medicine", Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH and Co. KG, pg. 7-10, 2008 SLC PK Traditional medicines (TM)1 can form the basis of modern pharmaceuticals. Depend
AND
critics, it has devastating effects on the TK of other nations.1
The move to biopiracy adds new energy and technology to the settler project of terra nullius, putting every part of the world into the project of dispossession.
Sharma and Campbell 99 ~Sharma is a Ph.D. in Sociology from the University of Toronto and an Associate Professor of the Sociology Department at the University of Hawai’I at Manoa. Allison Campbell is an American Chemist known for work on biomineralization, biomimetics, biomaterials, and bioactive coatings for medical implants.~ "Vandana Shiva on Sexual Economics, Biopiracy and Women's Ongoing Resistance to Colonialism", Atlantis, Volume 23.2, Spring/Summer 1999 SLC PK Q. 1 Some feminists talk about globalization as a new phenomenon. You talk
AND
in highly intensive interaction with ourselves and with the rest of the world.
Thus, we affirm – the member nations of the World Trade Organization ought to end the use of intellectual property protections by non-Indigenous groups for medicines derived from indigenous knowledge.
To clarify, these are the 159 countries that are currently member states
Indigenous peoples have made it clear—IPR is an active threat to traditional medicine which treats natives as an expense rather than a priority. Prefer indigenous scholarship—conversations over IPR on traditional knowledge have actively and historically excluded native voices which ignores the material implications they have on the lives and livelihoods of natives.
IPCB et al. 06 ~The IPCB is organized to assist indigenous peoples in the protection of their genetic resources, indigenous knowledge, cultural and human rights from the negative effects of biotechnology. Llamado de la Tierra is comprised of indigenous peoples throughout the world who are experienced in cultural and intellectual property policies and laws in the context of the indigenous struggle for de-colonisation and self-determination. The International Indian Treaty Council serves as an advocate for the human rights of Indigenous Peoples locally, nationally, and internationally.~ "Joint Statement of the Indigenous Peoples Council on Biocolonialism (IPCB), Call of the Earth/Llamado de la Tierra (COE), and International Indian Treaty Council (IITC)", International IP Policy News, 6-12-06, https://www.ip-watch.org/2006/12/06/inside-views-indigenous-groups-tell-wipo-dont-patent-our-traditional-knowledge/SLC PK Mr. Chairman, we have some general comments regarding document 10/5 on
AND
out in the human rights arena. Thank you for your indulgence.
When biopiracy tries to patent indigenous medicine, it also demonstrates a renewed interest in nature and a certain type of knowledge. This interest destabilizes the nature/culture binary as fixed by the enlightenment, showing that nature is of value. This becomes a locus to debunk settler myths and disrupt the equation of modernity. Legal and political moves against biopiracy such as the plan are key to solvency—anything else fails to rupture the western representation of the helpless native which is necessary for real justice.
Curbishley 15 ~Liddy Scarlet Curbishley in a Thesis submitted for the Masters of Humanities in Gender Studies at Utrecht University~, "Destabilizing the Colonization of Indigenous Knowledge In the Case of Biopiracy", August 2015 SLC PK Throughout this exploration of the colonization of indigenous knowledges through acts of biopiracy I have
AND
Gaard, 2010: 13) has on vulnerable individuals and the environment.
Debate’s fixation on extinction narratives centers a notion of universal humanity that allows for dehumanization and erasure of native relationality to nature. Settlers attach themselves to the thrill of abjection in order to distance themselves from the violence of settler colonialism and the ethical imperative to work against it.
Mitchell 17 ""Decolonizing against extinction part II: Extinction is not a metaphor – it is literally genocide" Audra Mitchell ~settler currently living and working on the Ancestral and Treaty lands of the Attawandaron (Neutral), Haudenosaunee (Six Nations of the Grand River) and Anishinaabe (Mississaugas of the New Credit) peoples. Prof. Mitchell holds the Canada Research Chair in Global Political Ecology at the Balsillie School of International Affairs~, September 27, 2017, https://worldlyir.wordpress.com/2017/09/27/decolonizing-against-extinction-part-ii-extinction-is-not-a-metaphor-it-is-literally-genocide/ SM Extinction is not a metaphor… Extinction has become an emblem of Western,
AND
relations, worlds and peoples that are targeted by these discourses and practices.
The battle for self-determination does not end with the 1AC, but you should refuse the seductive call to abandon the specific struggles against IP when faced with clear and attainable goals posed by activists
Whyte 16 (Kyle Powys – Potawatomi, Timnick Chair of the Humanities in the Department of Philosophy @ Michigan State University, "Indigenous Peoples, Climate Change Loss and Damage, and the Responsibility of Settler States", "Indigenous Environmental Movements and the Function of Governance Institutions." (2016): 563-580~, JKS) I understand indigenous peoples to encompass the roughly 370 million persons whose communities governed themselves
AND
are designed, articulated, and arranged strategically to carry out the function.
In settler research spaces we have a responsibility and role of the ballot to center indigenous knowledge, and to contribute to unsettling the academy—our work connects different discussions of indigeneity and decolonization to the rest of the globe.
Sium et al 12 (Aman Sium, Chandni Desai, Eric Ritskes, Ontario Institute for Studies in Education, University of Toronto, Sium identifies as being Tigrinya, indigenous, African, and Eritrean, Ritskes is Zhaganash, Towards the ‘tangible unknown’: Decolonization and the Indigenous future, Decolonization: Indigeneity, Education and Society ¶ Vol. 1, No. 1, 2012, pp. I-XIII, JKS) Decolonization does not exist without a framework that centers and privileges Indigenous life, community
AND
teach it to behave" (Alfred, 2009a, p. 37).
Prioritize burden of proof over burden of refutation – starting disad risk close to 0 because of implicit assumptions models predictions more accurately and opens debate to discussions of systemic racialized violence
Cohn 13 – Nate, journalist, covers elections, polling and demographics for The Upshot, a Times politics and policy site. Previously, he was a staff writer for The New Republic. Before entering journalism, he was a research assistant and Scoville Fellow at the Stimson Center. "Improving the Norms and Practices of Policy Debate" November 24, 2013. IB So let me offer another possibility: the problem isn’t the topic, but modern
AND
of evidence, since they can’t really address the probability of nuclear war.
9/24/21
SO - AC - Biopiracy v3
Tournament: Mid America Cup | Round: 1 | Opponent: Scarsdale DH | Judge: Aryan Jasani
1AC
The continual settler drive to secure its own health has resulted in a system of global biopiracy wherein western transnational corporations have targeted traditional medicine for their own profit. Biopiracy renders these indigenous knowledges and communities as only sites for extraction.
Bhattacharya 14 ~Sayan Battacharya, Department of Environmental Studies at Rabindra Bharati University in Kolkata, India~, "Bioprospecting, biopiracy and food security in India: The emerging sides of neoliberalism", International Letters of Social and Humanistic Sciences, SciPress Ltd, pg. 49-54, 2014 SLC PK 2. BIODIVERSITY, BIOPROSPECTING AND BIOPIRACY Historically there has been prolific scientific interest
AND
rights of the farming community over the genetic wealth used in agriculture.17
IP protections are structurally opposed to indigenous medicines, causing continual cooption for modern pharmaceuticals.
Eiland 08 ~Dr. Eiland received a doctorate in Oriental Archaeology from Oxford University and an LLM from the Munich Intellectual Property Law Center~, "Patenting Traditional Medicine", Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH and Co. KG, pg. 7-10, 2008 SLC PK Traditional medicines (TM)1 can form the basis of modern pharmaceuticals. Depend
AND
critics, it has devastating effects on the TK of other nations.1
The move to biopiracy adds new energy and technology to the settler project of terra nullius, putting every part of the world into the project of dispossession.
Sharma and Campbell 99 ~Sharma is a Ph.D. in Sociology from the University of Toronto and an Associate Professor of the Sociology Department at the University of Hawai’I at Manoa. Allison Campbell is an American Chemist known for work on biomineralization, biomimetics, biomaterials, and bioactive coatings for medical implants.~ "Vandana Shiva on Sexual Economics, Biopiracy and Women's Ongoing Resistance to Colonialism", Atlantis, Volume 23.2, Spring/Summer 1999 SLC PK Q. 1 Some feminists talk about globalization as a new phenomenon. You talk
AND
in highly intensive interaction with ourselves and with the rest of the world.
Thus, we affirm – the member nations of the World Trade Organization ought to end the use of intellectual property protections by non-Indigenous groups for medicines derived from indigenous knowledge.
To clarify, these are the 159 countries that are currently member states
IPR is an active threat to traditional medicine which treats natives as an expense rather than a priority. Prefer indigenous scholarship—conversations over IPR on traditional knowledge have excluded native voices.
IPCB et al. 06 ~The IPCB is organized to assist indigenous peoples in the protection of their genetic resources, indigenous knowledge, cultural and human rights from the negative effects of biotechnology. Llamado de la Tierra is comprised of indigenous peoples throughout the world who are experienced in cultural and intellectual property policies and laws in the context of the indigenous struggle for de-colonisation and self-determination. The International Indian Treaty Council serves as an advocate for the human rights of Indigenous Peoples locally, nationally, and internationally.~ "Joint Statement of the Indigenous Peoples Council on Biocolonialism (IPCB), Call of the Earth/Llamado de la Tierra (COE), and International Indian Treaty Council (IITC)", International IP Policy News, 6-12-06, https://www.ip-watch.org/2006/12/06/inside-views-indigenous-groups-tell-wipo-dont-patent-our-traditional-knowledge/SLC PK Mr. Chairman, we have some general comments regarding document 10/5 on
AND
out in the human rights arena. Thank you for your indulgence.
The battle for self-determination does not end with the 1AC, but you should refuse the seductive call to abandon the specific struggles against IP when faced with clear and attainable goals posed by activists
Whyte 16 (Kyle Powys – Potawatomi, Timnick Chair of the Humanities in the Department of Philosophy @ Michigan State University, "Indigenous Peoples, Climate Change Loss and Damage, and the Responsibility of Settler States", "Indigenous Environmental Movements and the Function of Governance Institutions." (2016): 563-580~, JKS) I understand indigenous peoples to encompass the roughly 370 million persons whose communities governed themselves
AND
are designed, articulated, and arranged strategically to carry out the function.
Debate’s fixation on extinction narratives centers a notion of universal humanity that allows for dehumanization and erasure of native relationality to nature.
Mitchell 17 ""Decolonizing against extinction part II: Extinction is not a metaphor – it is literally genocide" Audra Mitchell ~settler currently living and working on the Ancestral and Treaty lands of the Attawandaron (Neutral), Haudenosaunee (Six Nations of the Grand River) and Anishinaabe (Mississaugas of the New Credit) peoples. Prof. Mitchell holds the Canada Research Chair in Global Political Ecology at the Balsillie School of International Affairs~, September 27, 2017, https://worldlyir.wordpress.com/2017/09/27/decolonizing-against-extinction-part-ii-extinction-is-not-a-metaphor-it-is-literally-genocide/ SM Extinction is not a metaphor… Extinction has become an emblem of Western,
AND
relations, worlds and peoples that are targeted by these discourses and practices.
Settler colonialism is deeply engrained in Western culture and reflects in the universalist logic of non-naturalistic ethics – their philosophy gets appropriated to justify extermination of Indigenous peoples because of its cultural starting point.
John Hinkinson – Editor at Arena, an Australian maganzine. "Why Settler Colonialism?" Arena. 2012. https://arena.org.au/why-settler-colonialism/ JJN Settler colonialism as a practice is a subset of colonial history, one where the
AND
settler colonialism for granted, practices that arguably define the underside of modernity.
In settler research spaces we have a responsibility and role of the ballot to center indigenous knowledge, and to contribute to unsettling the academy—our work connects different discussions of indigeneity and decolonization to the rest of the globe.
Sium et al 12 (Aman Sium, Chandni Desai, Eric Ritskes, Ontario Institute for Studies in Education, University of Toronto, Sium identifies as being Tigrinya, indigenous, African, and Eritrean, Ritskes is Zhaganash, Towards the ‘tangible unknown’: Decolonization and the Indigenous future, Decolonization: Indigeneity, Education and Society ¶ Vol. 1, No. 1, 2012, pp. I-XIII, JKS) Decolonization does not exist without a framework that centers and privileges Indigenous life, community
AND
teach it to behave" (Alfred, 2009a, p. 37).
Prioritize burden of proof over burden of refutation – starting disad risk close to 0 because of implicit assumptions models predictions more accurately and opens debate to discussions of systemic racialized violence
Cohn 13 – Nate, journalist, covers elections, polling and demographics for The Upshot, a Times politics and policy site. Previously, he was a staff writer for The New Republic. Before entering journalism, he was a research assistant and Scoville Fellow at the Stimson Center. "Improving the Norms and Practices of Policy Debate" November 24, 2013. IB So let me offer another possibility: the problem isn’t the topic, but modern
AND
of evidence, since they can’t really address the probability of nuclear war.
9/25/21
SO - AC - Biopiracy v4
Tournament: Mid America Cup | Round: 4 | Opponent: Strake Jesuit VC | Judge: Breigh Plat
1AC
The continual settler drive to secure its own health has resulted in a system of global biopiracy wherein western transnational corporations have targeted traditional medicine for their own profit. Biopiracy renders these indigenous knowledges and communities as only sites for extraction.
Bhattacharya 14 ~Sayan Battacharya, Department of Environmental Studies at Rabindra Bharati University in Kolkata, India~, "Bioprospecting, biopiracy and food security in India: The emerging sides of neoliberalism", International Letters of Social and Humanistic Sciences, SciPress Ltd, pg. 49-54, 2014 SLC PK 2. BIODIVERSITY, BIOPROSPECTING AND BIOPIRACY Historically there has been prolific scientific interest
AND
rights of the farming community over the genetic wealth used in agriculture.17
IP protections are structurally opposed to indigenous medicines, causing continual cooption for modern pharmaceuticals.
Eiland 08 ~Dr. Eiland received a doctorate in Oriental Archaeology from Oxford University and an LLM from the Munich Intellectual Property Law Center~, "Patenting Traditional Medicine", Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH and Co. KG, pg. 7-10, 2008 SLC PK Traditional medicines (TM)1 can form the basis of modern pharmaceuticals. Depend
AND
critics, it has devastating effects on the TK of other nations.1
The move to biopiracy adds new energy and technology to the settler project of terra nullius, putting every part of the world into the project of dispossession.
Sharma and Campbell 99 ~Sharma is a Ph.D. in Sociology from the University of Toronto and an Associate Professor of the Sociology Department at the University of Hawai’I at Manoa. Allison Campbell is an American Chemist known for work on biomineralization, biomimetics, biomaterials, and bioactive coatings for medical implants.~ "Vandana Shiva on Sexual Economics, Biopiracy and Women's Ongoing Resistance to Colonialism", Atlantis, Volume 23.2, Spring/Summer 1999 SLC PK Q. 1 Some feminists talk about globalization as a new phenomenon. You talk
AND
in highly intensive interaction with ourselves and with the rest of the world.
Thus, we affirm – the member nations of the World Trade Organization ought to end the use of intellectual property protections by non-Indigenous groups for medicines derived from indigenous knowledge.
To clarify, these are the 159 countries that are currently member states
IPR is an active threat to traditional medicine which treats natives as an expense rather than a priority. Prefer indigenous scholarship—conversations over IPR on traditional knowledge have excluded native voices.
IPCB et al. 06 ~The IPCB is organized to assist indigenous peoples in the protection of their genetic resources, indigenous knowledge, cultural and human rights from the negative effects of biotechnology. Llamado de la Tierra is comprised of indigenous peoples throughout the world who are experienced in cultural and intellectual property policies and laws in the context of the indigenous struggle for de-colonisation and self-determination. The International Indian Treaty Council serves as an advocate for the human rights of Indigenous Peoples locally, nationally, and internationally.~ "Joint Statement of the Indigenous Peoples Council on Biocolonialism (IPCB), Call of the Earth/Llamado de la Tierra (COE), and International Indian Treaty Council (IITC)", International IP Policy News, 6-12-06, https://www.ip-watch.org/2006/12/06/inside-views-indigenous-groups-tell-wipo-dont-patent-our-traditional-knowledge/SLC PK Mr. Chairman, we have some general comments regarding document 10/5 on
AND
out in the human rights arena. Thank you for your indulgence.
The battle for self-determination does not end with the 1AC, but you should refuse the seductive call to abandon the specific struggles against IP when faced with clear and attainable goals posed by activists
Whyte 16 (Kyle Powys – Potawatomi, Timnick Chair of the Humanities in the Department of Philosophy @ Michigan State University, "Indigenous Peoples, Climate Change Loss and Damage, and the Responsibility of Settler States", "Indigenous Environmental Movements and the Function of Governance Institutions." (2016): 563-580~, JKS) I understand indigenous peoples to encompass the roughly 370 million persons whose communities governed themselves
AND
are designed, articulated, and arranged strategically to carry out the function.
Debate’s fixation on extinction narratives centers a notion of universal humanity that allows for dehumanization and erasure of native relationality to nature.
Mitchell 17 ""Decolonizing against extinction part II: Extinction is not a metaphor – it is literally genocide" Audra Mitchell ~settler currently living and working on the Ancestral and Treaty lands of the Attawandaron (Neutral), Haudenosaunee (Six Nations of the Grand River) and Anishinaabe (Mississaugas of the New Credit) peoples. Prof. Mitchell holds the Canada Research Chair in Global Political Ecology at the Balsillie School of International Affairs~, September 27, 2017, https://worldlyir.wordpress.com/2017/09/27/decolonizing-against-extinction-part-ii-extinction-is-not-a-metaphor-it-is-literally-genocide/ SM Extinction is not a metaphor… Extinction has become an emblem of Western,
AND
relations, worlds and peoples that are targeted by these discourses and practices.
Settler colonialism is deeply engrained in Western culture and reflects in the universalist logic of non-naturalistic ethics – their philosophy gets appropriated to justify extermination of Indigenous peoples because of its cultural starting point.
John Hinkinson – Editor at Arena, an Australian maganzine. "Why Settler Colonialism?" Arena. 2012. https://arena.org.au/why-settler-colonialism/ JJN Settler colonialism as a practice is a subset of colonial history, one where the
AND
settler colonialism for granted, practices that arguably define the underside of modernity.
In settler research spaces we have a responsibility and role of the ballot to center indigenous knowledge, and to contribute to unsettling the academy—our work connects different discussions of indigeneity and decolonization to the rest of the globe.
Sium et al 12 (Aman Sium, Chandni Desai, Eric Ritskes, Ontario Institute for Studies in Education, University of Toronto, Sium identifies as being Tigrinya, indigenous, African, and Eritrean, Ritskes is Zhaganash, Towards the ‘tangible unknown’: Decolonization and the Indigenous future, Decolonization: Indigeneity, Education and Society ¶ Vol. 1, No. 1, 2012, pp. I-XIII, JKS) Decolonization does not exist without a framework that centers and privileges Indigenous life, community
AND
teach it to behave" (Alfred, 2009a, p. 37).
Prioritize burden of proof over burden of refutation – starting disad risk close to 0 because of implicit assumptions models predictions more accurately and opens debate to discussions of systemic racialized violence
Cohn 13 – Nate, journalist, covers elections, polling and demographics for The Upshot, a Times politics and policy site. Previously, he was a staff writer for The New Republic. Before entering journalism, he was a research assistant and Scoville Fellow at the Stimson Center. "Improving the Norms and Practices of Policy Debate" November 24, 2013. IB So let me offer another possibility: the problem isn’t the topic, but modern
AND
of evidence, since they can’t really address the probability of nuclear war.
Ideal theory is a form of abstraction away from the material violence of settler colonialism – their view from nowhere is not only useless but actively props up settlerism.
Nichols 13 Nichols, R. (2013). Indigeneity and the Settler Contract today. Philosophy and Social Criticism, 39(2), 165–186. doi:10.1177/0191453712470359 SM Throughout the 20th century, of course, these ‘high theories’ of human development
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reformulate some modified version of analytic contract theory in relation to indigenous peoples.
The current WTO patent system is locking in global cannabis monopolies.
Kellner 21 "Mitigating the Effects of Intellectual Property Colonialism on Budding Cannabis Markets" Hughie Kellner ~Hughie Kellner came from the small farm town of Uvalde, Texas and received a bachelor’s degree in Physics from the University of Texas at Austin. Upon graduation from the Indiana University Maurer School of Law, Hughie will deploy his physics degree while prosecuting patents in the Frankfurt am Main, Germany office of Leydig, Voit, and Mayer. After Hughie’s first year at Maurer, he worked for a law firm in Thailand as a Stewart Fellow.~ Indiana Journal of Global Legal Studies Vol. 28 ~#1 (Winter 2021) https://www.repository.law.indiana.edu/ijgls/vol28/iss1/9/ SM B. How the Patent Has Become a Tool for Globalization The trade-
AND
, the inventor could create an economic climate close to a global monopoly.
Thailand proves – the world is trending towards legalization but big pharma patents lock in cannabis monopolies and crowd out local growth.
Kellner 21 "Mitigating the Effects of Intellectual Property Colonialism on Budding Cannabis Markets" Hughie Kellner ~Hughie Kellner came from the small farm town of Uvalde, Texas and received a bachelor’s degree in Physics from the University of Texas at Austin. Upon graduation from the Indiana University Maurer School of Law, Hughie will deploy his physics degree while prosecuting patents in the Frankfurt am Main, Germany office of Leydig, Voit, and Mayer. After Hughie’s first year at Maurer, he worked for a law firm in Thailand as a Stewart Fellow.~ Indiana Journal of Global Legal Studies Vol. 28 ~#1 (Winter 2021) https://www.repository.law.indiana.edu/ijgls/vol28/iss1/9/ SM The reason the Thai public was so concerned over the cannabis patents filed by Otsuka
AND
, as a resolution to the Canadian recusal from the UN Single Convention.
Big pharma leverages cannabis patents to block out competition and secure monopoly – decks medical marijuana access
Barnett 20 Hailey A. Barnett ~J.D. candidate 2020, Tulane University Law School; B.A. 2017, Communication, cum laude, Texas AandM University.~, "High Risk, High Reward: Patent Law's Effects on the Medical Marijuana Industry," Tulane Journal of Technology and Intellectual Property 22 (2020): 125-164 https://heinonline.org/HOL/LandingPage?handle=hein.journals/tuljtip22anddiv=8andid=andpage= SM B. Cannabis Patents and Pharmaceutical Companies Patent protection is a key component of
AND
of wealthy, powerful entities to ensure smaller entities are not marginalized.219
Monopolies kill cannabis biodiversity which throttles medical marijuana advances and industry innovation.
Barnett 20 Hailey A. Barnett ~J.D. candidate 2020, Tulane University Law School; B.A. 2017, Communication, cum laude, Texas AandM University.~, "High Risk, High Reward: Patent Law's Effects on the Medical Marijuana Industry," Tulane Journal of Technology and Intellectual Property 22 (2020): 125-164 https://heinonline.org/HOL/LandingPage?handle=hein.journals/tuljtip22anddiv=8andid=andpage= SM A. Biodiversity Implications for Cannabis Strain Patents Biodiversity, or biological diversity,
AND
effects on that country's biodiversity and its rights to that biodiversity.2 50
Monopolies kill market growth and disincentivize innovation.
over the long-term as well as ongoing innovation and product accessibility.
Medical marijuana is key to resolving opioid pain reliever prescriptions – biggest internal link to addiction and overuse
Blake 20 ~Dwight K Blake, Founder of American Marijuana, 15 years of experience in mental health counseling and addiction treatment.~ "Medical marijuana reduces opioid prescribing rate," American Marijuana, March 24, 2020, https://americanmarijuana.org/medical-marijuana-solution-to-opioid-epidemic/ ~note: charts/images omitted~ TG Medical Marijuana as A Painkiller Marijuana contains many Cannabinoids including CBD or Cannabidiol and
AND
have shown an average reduction rate of opioid consumption by 5.21.
The opioid crisis risks massively destructive terrorism – synthetic opioids can be weaponized and spread
Morell 17 (Michael Morell, the former Acting Director and Deputy Director of the Central Intelligence Agency, is one of our nation's leading national security professionals, with extensive experience in intelligence and foreign policy. During his 33-year career at CIA, Michael served as Deputy Director for over three years, served twice as Acting Director, served for two years as the Director of Intelligence, the Agency's top analyst, and for two years as Executive Director, the CIA's top administrator.)("The Opioid Crisis Becomes a National Security Threat", July 26, 2017, https://www.thecipherbrief.com/column'article/opioid-crisis-becomes-national-security-threat) On October 23, 2002, dozens of armed Chechen terrorists seized a Moscow theater
AND
– particularly when it is so easy to see what might be coming.
Developments and attacks are coming now – spurs inter-state wars AND non-state actors which ensure escalation – taboo eroded, empirics prove, tech and motive are here
Henry de Quetteville et al 18. Special Correspondent @Telegraph, Technology. Former foreign correspondent in France, the Balkans and the Middle East., citing James Giordano, professor of neurology, chief of the Neuroethics Studies Program, and co-director of the O’Neill-Pellegrino Program in Brain Science and Global Health Law and Policy at Georgetown University Medical Center. He is an member of the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency’s panel on neuroethics, legal, and social issues, and serves as a senior science advisory fellow to the Joint Staff at the Pentagon. His latest book is Neurotechnology in National Security and Defense: Practical Considerations, Neuroethical Concerns (CRC Press), citing Gavin Williamson, UK Secretary of Defense, citing Aimen Dean, also known as Ramzi is a Bahrainian man who was a founding member of al-Qaeda. In 1998, he joined the Secret Intelligence Service and became an MI6 spy, citing Hamish de Bretton-Gordon, a chemical weapons expert and chief operating officer of SecureBio Limited. He was formerly a British Army officer for 23 years and commanding officer of the UK's CBRN Regiment and NATO's Rapid Reaction CBRN Battalion, August 3, 2018, "The rise of biological and chemical weapons After Salisbury, how ready is the UK?", https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/rise-of-biological-chemical-weapons/. Rez With nerve agents having been deployed in Syria, Malaysia and Salisbury, the 100
AND
total? $26.2 billion per 100,000 persons exposed.
Nuke war causes extinction – Ice Age, famines, and war won’t stay limited
Edwards 17 ~Paul N. Edwards, CISAC’s William J. Perry Fellow in International Security at Stanford’s Freeman Spogli Institute for International Studies. Being interviewed by EarthSky. How nuclear war would affect Earth’s climate. September 8, 2017. earthsky.org/human-world/how-nuclear-war-would-affect-earths-climate~ Note, we are only reading parts of the interview that are directly from Paul Edwards — MMG In the nuclear conversation, what are we not talking about that we should be
AND
two nuclear powers would stay limited to these smaller, less destructive bombs.
Chemical WMDs cause extinction – one incident is enough
Gander 18, Kashmira. Citing the Global Catastrophic Risks Foundation’s Global Challenges Annual Report, edited by Martin Rees, UK Astronomer Royal, and Co-founder, Cambridge Centre for the Study of Existential Risk, and whose section on chemical warfare was reviewed by Angela Kane, Senior Fellow at the Vienna Centre for Disarmament and Non-Proliferation, visiting Professor at Sciences Po Paris, and former High Representative for Disarmament Affairs at the United Nations. 10-31-2018. "Experts reveal the nine most likely ways the world will end." Newsweek. https://www.newsweek.com/how-will-world-end-experts-reveal-9-most-likely-ways-humans-will-be-wiped-out-1194616. Rez. Humanity being annihilated by chemical weapons or the molten lava of a supervolcano may sound
AND
it could "cause a pandemic of unprecedented proportions," the report stated.
Plan – the member nations of the World Trade Organization ought to delay patent enforcement for cannabis.
Kellner 21 "Mitigating the Effects of Intellectual Property Colonialism on Budding Cannabis Markets" Hughie Kellner ~Hughie Kellner came from the small farm town of Uvalde, Texas and received a bachelor’s degree in Physics from the University of Texas at Austin. Upon graduation from the Indiana University Maurer School of Law, Hughie will deploy his physics degree while prosecuting patents in the Frankfurt am Main, Germany office of Leydig, Voit, and Mayer. After Hughie’s first year at Maurer, he worked for a law firm in Thailand as a Stewart Fellow.~ Indiana Journal of Global Legal Studies Vol. 28 ~#1 (Winter 2021) https://www.repository.law.indiana.edu/ijgls/vol28/iss1/9/ SM Includes enforcement and duration A simple solution to the problem is this: if
AND
be achieved through controlling varying means and portions of the patent application process.
The plan solves by reigning in monopolies without killing innovation.
Kellner 21 "Mitigating the Effects of Intellectual Property Colonialism on Budding Cannabis Markets" Hughie Kellner ~Hughie Kellner came from the small farm town of Uvalde, Texas and received a bachelor’s degree in Physics from the University of Texas at Austin. Upon graduation from the Indiana University Maurer School of Law, Hughie will deploy his physics degree while prosecuting patents in the Frankfurt am Main, Germany office of Leydig, Voit, and Mayer. After Hughie’s first year at Maurer, he worked for a law firm in Thailand as a Stewart Fellow.~ Indiana Journal of Global Legal Studies Vol. 28 ~#1 (Winter 2021) https://www.repository.law.indiana.edu/ijgls/vol28/iss1/9/ SM Patents may still be sought and possibly even acquired if the government so chooses.
AND
cannot monopolize their innovations, and are thus placed on an equal footing.
Framing
Synthetic a posteriori moral naturalism is the basis of ethics:
A~ The normative supervenes on the natural – natural facts like whether brains develop to permit rationality or subjectivity determine whether non naturalist moral facts can be premised on things like capacity for reason
Lutz and Lenman 18. Lutz, Matthew and Lenman, James, "Moral Naturalism", The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Fall 2018 Edition), Edward N. Zalta (ed.), URL = https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/fall2018/entries/naturalism-moral/.Massa The first argument against normative non-naturalism concerns normative supervenience. The normative supervenes
AND
, this is a heavy mark against non-naturalism (McPherson 2012).
Next, phenomenal introspection can bridge the gap from experiential natural facts to moral truths and necessitates hedonism. When I observe a lemon’s yellowness shifting my visual fields from darker to lighter shades, I can introspect on that experience and identify brightness as an intrinsic property of seeing a lemon. Similarly, when I feel pleasure, I can introspect on the shift in hedonic tones and identify that goodness is an intrinsic property of the pleasure that was increased.
This connection between pain and pleasure and phenomenal conceptions of intrinsic value and disvalue is irrefutable – everything else regresses – robust neuroscience proves.
these circuits contribute to diverse pathologies, including obesity and addiction or RDS.
Thus, the standard is consistency with hedonic act utilitarianism. Prefer –
1~ Actor specificity –
A~ Aggregation – every policy benefits some and harms others, which also means side constraints freeze action.
B~ No intent-foresight distinction for governments – deliberating over an action requires analysis of foreseen consequences which could be prevented which makes them intrinsic to state action
C~ Governments aren’t singular rational agents which makes theories about individuals irrelevant – only consequentialism solves by analyzing ends divorced from an actor
2~ No act-omission distinction – governments are culpable for omissions cuz their purpose is to protect the constituency – otherwise they would have no obligation to make murder illegal. Actor spec o/w – different agents have different ethical standings that affect their obligations and considerations.
The current WTO patent system is locking in global cannabis monopolies.
Kellner 21 "Mitigating the Effects of Intellectual Property Colonialism on Budding Cannabis Markets" Hughie Kellner ~Hughie Kellner came from the small farm town of Uvalde, Texas and received a bachelor’s degree in Physics from the University of Texas at Austin. Upon graduation from the Indiana University Maurer School of Law, Hughie will deploy his physics degree while prosecuting patents in the Frankfurt am Main, Germany office of Leydig, Voit, and Mayer. After Hughie’s first year at Maurer, he worked for a law firm in Thailand as a Stewart Fellow.~ Indiana Journal of Global Legal Studies Vol. 28 ~#1 (Winter 2021) https://www.repository.law.indiana.edu/ijgls/vol28/iss1/9/ SM B. How the Patent Has Become a Tool for Globalization The trade-
AND
, the inventor could create an economic climate close to a global monopoly.
Thailand proves – the world is trending towards legalization but big pharma patents lock in cannabis monopolies and crowd out local growth.
Kellner 21 "Mitigating the Effects of Intellectual Property Colonialism on Budding Cannabis Markets" Hughie Kellner ~Hughie Kellner came from the small farm town of Uvalde, Texas and received a bachelor’s degree in Physics from the University of Texas at Austin. Upon graduation from the Indiana University Maurer School of Law, Hughie will deploy his physics degree while prosecuting patents in the Frankfurt am Main, Germany office of Leydig, Voit, and Mayer. After Hughie’s first year at Maurer, he worked for a law firm in Thailand as a Stewart Fellow.~ Indiana Journal of Global Legal Studies Vol. 28 ~#1 (Winter 2021) https://www.repository.law.indiana.edu/ijgls/vol28/iss1/9/ SM The reason the Thai public was so concerned over the cannabis patents filed by Otsuka
AND
, as a resolution to the Canadian recusal from the UN Single Convention.
Big pharma leverages cannabis patents to block out competition and secure monopoly – decks medical marijuana access
Barnett 20 Hailey A. Barnett ~J.D. candidate 2020, Tulane University Law School; B.A. 2017, Communication, cum laude, Texas AandM University.~, "High Risk, High Reward: Patent Law's Effects on the Medical Marijuana Industry," Tulane Journal of Technology and Intellectual Property 22 (2020): 125-164 https://heinonline.org/HOL/LandingPage?handle=hein.journals/tuljtip22anddiv=8andid=andpage= SM B. Cannabis Patents and Pharmaceutical Companies Patent protection is a key component of
AND
of wealthy, powerful entities to ensure smaller entities are not marginalized.219
Monopolies kill cannabis biodiversity which throttles medical marijuana advances and industry innovation.
Barnett 20 Hailey A. Barnett ~J.D. candidate 2020, Tulane University Law School; B.A. 2017, Communication, cum laude, Texas AandM University.~, "High Risk, High Reward: Patent Law's Effects on the Medical Marijuana Industry," Tulane Journal of Technology and Intellectual Property 22 (2020): 125-164 https://heinonline.org/HOL/LandingPage?handle=hein.journals/tuljtip22anddiv=8andid=andpage= SM A. Biodiversity Implications for Cannabis Strain Patents Biodiversity, or biological diversity,
AND
effects on that country's biodiversity and its rights to that biodiversity.2 50
Monopolies kill market growth and disincentivize innovation.
over the long-term as well as ongoing innovation and product accessibility.
Medical marijuana is key to resolving opioid pain reliever prescriptions – biggest internal link to addiction and overuse
Blake 20 ~Dwight K Blake, Founder of American Marijuana, 15 years of experience in mental health counseling and addiction treatment.~ "Medical marijuana reduces opioid prescribing rate," American Marijuana, March 24, 2020, https://americanmarijuana.org/medical-marijuana-solution-to-opioid-epidemic/ ~note: charts/images omitted~ TG Medical Marijuana as A Painkiller Marijuana contains many Cannabinoids including CBD or Cannabidiol and
AND
have shown an average reduction rate of opioid consumption by 5.21.
The opioid crisis risks massively destructive terrorism – synthetic opioids can be weaponized and spread
Morell 17 (Michael Morell, the former Acting Director and Deputy Director of the Central Intelligence Agency, is one of our nation's leading national security professionals, with extensive experience in intelligence and foreign policy. During his 33-year career at CIA, Michael served as Deputy Director for over three years, served twice as Acting Director, served for two years as the Director of Intelligence, the Agency's top analyst, and for two years as Executive Director, the CIA's top administrator.)("The Opioid Crisis Becomes a National Security Threat", July 26, 2017, https://www.thecipherbrief.com/column'article/opioid-crisis-becomes-national-security-threat) On October 23, 2002, dozens of armed Chechen terrorists seized a Moscow theater
AND
– particularly when it is so easy to see what might be coming.
Developments and attacks are coming now – spurs inter-state wars AND non-state actors which ensure escalation – taboo eroded, empirics prove, tech and motive are here
Henry de Quetteville et al 18. Special Correspondent @Telegraph, Technology. Former foreign correspondent in France, the Balkans and the Middle East., citing James Giordano, professor of neurology, chief of the Neuroethics Studies Program, and co-director of the O’Neill-Pellegrino Program in Brain Science and Global Health Law and Policy at Georgetown University Medical Center. He is an member of the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency’s panel on neuroethics, legal, and social issues, and serves as a senior science advisory fellow to the Joint Staff at the Pentagon. His latest book is Neurotechnology in National Security and Defense: Practical Considerations, Neuroethical Concerns (CRC Press), citing Gavin Williamson, UK Secretary of Defense, citing Aimen Dean, also known as Ramzi is a Bahrainian man who was a founding member of al-Qaeda. In 1998, he joined the Secret Intelligence Service and became an MI6 spy, citing Hamish de Bretton-Gordon, a chemical weapons expert and chief operating officer of SecureBio Limited. He was formerly a British Army officer for 23 years and commanding officer of the UK's CBRN Regiment and NATO's Rapid Reaction CBRN Battalion, August 3, 2018, "The rise of biological and chemical weapons After Salisbury, how ready is the UK?", https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/rise-of-biological-chemical-weapons/. Rez With nerve agents having been deployed in Syria, Malaysia and Salisbury, the 100
AND
total? $26.2 billion per 100,000 persons exposed.
Nuke war causes extinction – Ice Age, famines, and war won’t stay limited
Edwards 17 ~Paul N. Edwards, CISAC’s William J. Perry Fellow in International Security at Stanford’s Freeman Spogli Institute for International Studies. Being interviewed by EarthSky. How nuclear war would affect Earth’s climate. September 8, 2017. earthsky.org/human-world/how-nuclear-war-would-affect-earths-climate~ Note, we are only reading parts of the interview that are directly from Paul Edwards — MMG In the nuclear conversation, what are we not talking about that we should be
AND
two nuclear powers would stay limited to these smaller, less destructive bombs.
Chemical WMDs cause extinction – one incident is enough
Gander 18, Kashmira. Citing the Global Catastrophic Risks Foundation’s Global Challenges Annual Report, edited by Martin Rees, UK Astronomer Royal, and Co-founder, Cambridge Centre for the Study of Existential Risk, and whose section on chemical warfare was reviewed by Angela Kane, Senior Fellow at the Vienna Centre for Disarmament and Non-Proliferation, visiting Professor at Sciences Po Paris, and former High Representative for Disarmament Affairs at the United Nations. 10-31-2018. "Experts reveal the nine most likely ways the world will end." Newsweek. https://www.newsweek.com/how-will-world-end-experts-reveal-9-most-likely-ways-humans-will-be-wiped-out-1194616. Rez. Humanity being annihilated by chemical weapons or the molten lava of a supervolcano may sound
AND
it could "cause a pandemic of unprecedented proportions," the report stated.
Plan – the member nations of the World Trade Organization ought to delay patent enforcement for cannabis.
Kellner 21 "Mitigating the Effects of Intellectual Property Colonialism on Budding Cannabis Markets" Hughie Kellner ~Hughie Kellner came from the small farm town of Uvalde, Texas and received a bachelor’s degree in Physics from the University of Texas at Austin. Upon graduation from the Indiana University Maurer School of Law, Hughie will deploy his physics degree while prosecuting patents in the Frankfurt am Main, Germany office of Leydig, Voit, and Mayer. After Hughie’s first year at Maurer, he worked for a law firm in Thailand as a Stewart Fellow.~ Indiana Journal of Global Legal Studies Vol. 28 ~#1 (Winter 2021) https://www.repository.law.indiana.edu/ijgls/vol28/iss1/9/ SM Includes enforcement and duration A simple solution to the problem is this: if
AND
be achieved through controlling varying means and portions of the patent application process.
Counter solvency advocate: medical marijuana is dangerous therefore innovation is bad
The plan solves by reigning in monopolies without killing innovation.
Kellner 21 "Mitigating the Effects of Intellectual Property Colonialism on Budding Cannabis Markets" Hughie Kellner ~Hughie Kellner came from the small farm town of Uvalde, Texas and received a bachelor’s degree in Physics from the University of Texas at Austin. Upon graduation from the Indiana University Maurer School of Law, Hughie will deploy his physics degree while prosecuting patents in the Frankfurt am Main, Germany office of Leydig, Voit, and Mayer. After Hughie’s first year at Maurer, he worked for a law firm in Thailand as a Stewart Fellow.~ Indiana Journal of Global Legal Studies Vol. 28 ~#1 (Winter 2021) https://www.repository.law.indiana.edu/ijgls/vol28/iss1/9/ SM Patents may still be sought and possibly even acquired if the government so chooses.
AND
cannot monopolize their innovations, and are thus placed on an equal footing.
Framing
Synthetic a posteriori moral naturalism is the basis of ethics:
A~ The normative supervenes on the natural – natural facts like whether brains develop to permit rationality or subjectivity determine whether non naturalist moral facts can be premised on things like capacity for reason
Lutz and Lenman 18. Lutz, Matthew and Lenman, James, "Moral Naturalism", The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Fall 2018 Edition), Edward N. Zalta (ed.), URL = https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/fall2018/entries/naturalism-moral/.Massa The first argument against normative non-naturalism concerns normative supervenience. The normative supervenes
AND
, this is a heavy mark against non-naturalism (McPherson 2012).
B~ The problem of disagreement –
resolving a priori conflicts requires indicting the epistemological basis of one’s judgement with a reliable process for deriving moral truths which is impossible given widespread moral disagreement about non verifiable a priori truth – grounding ethics with verifiable natural facts solve
Copp 7, D. Why Naturalism? Morality in a Natural World, 33–54. doi:10.1017/cbo9780511497940.003 Massa Suppose, for example, that I witness a bullfight and observe that many thousands
AND
disagreement would not undermine the credibility of the proposition to an ideal thinker.
Next, phenomenal introspection can bridge the gap from experiential natural facts to moral truths and necessitates hedonism. When I observe a lemon’s yellowness shifting my visual fields from darker to lighter shades, I can introspect on that experience and identify brightness as an intrinsic property of seeing a lemon. Similarly, when I feel pleasure, I can introspect on the shift in hedonic tones and identify that goodness is an intrinsic property of the pleasure that was increased.
This connection between pain and pleasure and phenomenal conceptions of intrinsic value and disvalue is irrefutable – everything else regresses – robust neuroscience proves.
these circuits contribute to diverse pathologies, including obesity and addiction or RDS.
Thus, the standard is consistency with hedonic act utilitarianism. Prefer –
1~ Actor specificity –
A~ Aggregation – every policy benefits some and harms others, which also means side constraints freeze action.
B~ No intent-foresight distinction for governments – deliberating over an action requires analysis of foreseen consequences which could be prevented which makes them intrinsic to state action
C~ Governments aren’t singular rational agents which makes theories about individuals irrelevant – only consequentialism solves by analyzing ends divorced from an actor
ows
2~ No act-omission distinction – governments are culpable for omissions cuz their purpose is to protect the constituency – otherwise they would have no obligation to make murder illegal. Actor spec o/w – different agents have different ethical standings that affect their obligations and considerations.
Tournament: Loyola Invitational | Round: Octas | Opponent: Orange Lutheran AZ | Judge: Nathan Russell, David Dosch, Lena Mizrahi
1AC
Advantage – Cannabis
The current WTO patent system is locking in global cannabis monopolies.
Kellner 21 "Mitigating the Effects of Intellectual Property Colonialism on Budding Cannabis Markets" Hughie Kellner ~Hughie Kellner came from the small farm town of Uvalde, Texas and received a bachelor’s degree in Physics from the University of Texas at Austin. Upon graduation from the Indiana University Maurer School of Law, Hughie will deploy his physics degree while prosecuting patents in the Frankfurt am Main, Germany office of Leydig, Voit, and Mayer. After Hughie’s first year at Maurer, he worked for a law firm in Thailand as a Stewart Fellow.~ Indiana Journal of Global Legal Studies Vol. 28 ~#1 (Winter 2021) https://www.repository.law.indiana.edu/ijgls/vol28/iss1/9/ SM B. How the Patent Has Become a Tool for Globalization The trade-
AND
, the inventor could create an economic climate close to a global monopoly.
Thailand proves – the world is trending towards legalization but big pharma patents lock in cannabis monopolies and crowd out local growth.
Kellner 21 "Mitigating the Effects of Intellectual Property Colonialism on Budding Cannabis Markets" Hughie Kellner ~Hughie Kellner came from the small farm town of Uvalde, Texas and received a bachelor’s degree in Physics from the University of Texas at Austin. Upon graduation from the Indiana University Maurer School of Law, Hughie will deploy his physics degree while prosecuting patents in the Frankfurt am Main, Germany office of Leydig, Voit, and Mayer. After Hughie’s first year at Maurer, he worked for a law firm in Thailand as a Stewart Fellow.~ Indiana Journal of Global Legal Studies Vol. 28 ~#1 (Winter 2021) https://www.repository.law.indiana.edu/ijgls/vol28/iss1/9/ SM The reason the Thai public was so concerned over the cannabis patents filed by Otsuka
AND
, as a resolution to the Canadian recusal from the UN Single Convention.
Big pharma leverages cannabis patents to block out competition and secure monopoly – decks medical marijuana access
Barnett 20 Hailey A. Barnett ~J.D. candidate 2020, Tulane University Law School; B.A. 2017, Communication, cum laude, Texas AandM University.~, "High Risk, High Reward: Patent Law's Effects on the Medical Marijuana Industry," Tulane Journal of Technology and Intellectual Property 22 (2020): 125-164 https://heinonline.org/HOL/LandingPage?handle=hein.journals/tuljtip22anddiv=8andid=andpage= SM B. Cannabis Patents and Pharmaceutical Companies Patent protection is a key component of
AND
of wealthy, powerful entities to ensure smaller entities are not marginalized.219
Monopolies kill cannabis biodiversity which throttles medical marijuana advances and industry innovation.
Barnett 20 Hailey A. Barnett ~J.D. candidate 2020, Tulane University Law School; B.A. 2017, Communication, cum laude, Texas AandM University.~, "High Risk, High Reward: Patent Law's Effects on the Medical Marijuana Industry," Tulane Journal of Technology and Intellectual Property 22 (2020): 125-164 https://heinonline.org/HOL/LandingPage?handle=hein.journals/tuljtip22anddiv=8andid=andpage= SM A. Biodiversity Implications for Cannabis Strain Patents Biodiversity, or biological diversity,
AND
effects on that country's biodiversity and its rights to that biodiversity.2 50
Monopolies kill market growth and disincentivize innovation.
over the long-term as well as ongoing innovation and product accessibility.
Medical marijuana is key to resolving opioid pain reliever prescriptions – biggest internal link to addiction and overuse
Blake 20 ~Dwight K Blake, Founder of American Marijuana, 15 years of experience in mental health counseling and addiction treatment.~ "Medical marijuana reduces opioid prescribing rate," American Marijuana, March 24, 2020, https://americanmarijuana.org/medical-marijuana-solution-to-opioid-epidemic/ ~note: charts/images omitted~ TG Medical Marijuana as A Painkiller Marijuana contains many Cannabinoids including CBD or Cannabidiol and
AND
have shown an average reduction rate of opioid consumption by 5.21.
The opioid crisis risks massively destructive terrorism – synthetic opioids can be weaponized and spread
Morell 17 (Michael Morell, the former Acting Director and Deputy Director of the Central Intelligence Agency, is one of our nation's leading national security professionals, with extensive experience in intelligence and foreign policy. During his 33-year career at CIA, Michael served as Deputy Director for over three years, served twice as Acting Director, served for two years as the Director of Intelligence, the Agency's top analyst, and for two years as Executive Director, the CIA's top administrator.)("The Opioid Crisis Becomes a National Security Threat", July 26, 2017, https://www.thecipherbrief.com/column'article/opioid-crisis-becomes-national-security-threat) On October 23, 2002, dozens of armed Chechen terrorists seized a Moscow theater
AND
– particularly when it is so easy to see what might be coming.
Developments and attacks are coming now – spurs inter-state wars AND non-state actors which ensure escalation – taboo eroded, empirics prove, tech and motive are here
Henry de Quetteville et al 18. Special Correspondent @Telegraph, Technology. Former foreign correspondent in France, the Balkans and the Middle East., citing James Giordano, professor of neurology, chief of the Neuroethics Studies Program, and co-director of the O’Neill-Pellegrino Program in Brain Science and Global Health Law and Policy at Georgetown University Medical Center. He is an member of the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency’s panel on neuroethics, legal, and social issues, and serves as a senior science advisory fellow to the Joint Staff at the Pentagon. His latest book is Neurotechnology in National Security and Defense: Practical Considerations, Neuroethical Concerns (CRC Press), citing Gavin Williamson, UK Secretary of Defense, citing Aimen Dean, also known as Ramzi is a Bahrainian man who was a founding member of al-Qaeda. In 1998, he joined the Secret Intelligence Service and became an MI6 spy, citing Hamish de Bretton-Gordon, a chemical weapons expert and chief operating officer of SecureBio Limited. He was formerly a British Army officer for 23 years and commanding officer of the UK's CBRN Regiment and NATO's Rapid Reaction CBRN Battalion, August 3, 2018, "The rise of biological and chemical weapons After Salisbury, how ready is the UK?", https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/rise-of-biological-chemical-weapons/. Rez With nerve agents having been deployed in Syria, Malaysia and Salisbury, the 100
AND
total? $26.2 billion per 100,000 persons exposed.
Nuke war causes extinction – Ice Age, famines, and war won’t stay limited
Edwards 17 ~Paul N. Edwards, CISAC’s William J. Perry Fellow in International Security at Stanford’s Freeman Spogli Institute for International Studies. Being interviewed by EarthSky. How nuclear war would affect Earth’s climate. September 8, 2017. earthsky.org/human-world/how-nuclear-war-would-affect-earths-climate~ Note, we are only reading parts of the interview that are directly from Paul Edwards — MMG In the nuclear conversation, what are we not talking about that we should be
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two nuclear powers would stay limited to these smaller, less destructive bombs.
Chemical WMDs cause extinction – one incident is enough
Gander 18, Kashmira. Citing the Global Catastrophic Risks Foundation’s Global Challenges Annual Report, edited by Martin Rees, UK Astronomer Royal, and Co-founder, Cambridge Centre for the Study of Existential Risk, and whose section on chemical warfare was reviewed by Angela Kane, Senior Fellow at the Vienna Centre for Disarmament and Non-Proliferation, visiting Professor at Sciences Po Paris, and former High Representative for Disarmament Affairs at the United Nations. 10-31-2018. "Experts reveal the nine most likely ways the world will end." Newsweek. https://www.newsweek.com/how-will-world-end-experts-reveal-9-most-likely-ways-humans-will-be-wiped-out-1194616. Rez. Humanity being annihilated by chemical weapons or the molten lava of a supervolcano may sound
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it could "cause a pandemic of unprecedented proportions," the report stated.
Plan – the member nations of the World Trade Organization ought to delay patent enforcement for cannabis.
Kellner 21 "Mitigating the Effects of Intellectual Property Colonialism on Budding Cannabis Markets" Hughie Kellner ~Hughie Kellner came from the small farm town of Uvalde, Texas and received a bachelor’s degree in Physics from the University of Texas at Austin. Upon graduation from the Indiana University Maurer School of Law, Hughie will deploy his physics degree while prosecuting patents in the Frankfurt am Main, Germany office of Leydig, Voit, and Mayer. After Hughie’s first year at Maurer, he worked for a law firm in Thailand as a Stewart Fellow.~ Indiana Journal of Global Legal Studies Vol. 28 ~#1 (Winter 2021) https://www.repository.law.indiana.edu/ijgls/vol28/iss1/9/ SM Includes enforcement and duration A simple solution to the problem is this: if
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be achieved through controlling varying means and portions of the patent application process.
Counter solvency advocate: medical marijuana is dangerous therefore innovation is bad
The plan solves by reigning in monopolies without killing innovation.
Kellner 21 "Mitigating the Effects of Intellectual Property Colonialism on Budding Cannabis Markets" Hughie Kellner ~Hughie Kellner came from the small farm town of Uvalde, Texas and received a bachelor’s degree in Physics from the University of Texas at Austin. Upon graduation from the Indiana University Maurer School of Law, Hughie will deploy his physics degree while prosecuting patents in the Frankfurt am Main, Germany office of Leydig, Voit, and Mayer. After Hughie’s first year at Maurer, he worked for a law firm in Thailand as a Stewart Fellow.~ Indiana Journal of Global Legal Studies Vol. 28 ~#1 (Winter 2021) https://www.repository.law.indiana.edu/ijgls/vol28/iss1/9/ SM Patents may still be sought and possibly even acquired if the government so chooses.
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cannot monopolize their innovations, and are thus placed on an equal footing.
Framing
Synthetic a posteriori moral naturalism is the basis of ethics:
A~ The normative supervenes on the natural – natural facts like whether brains develop to permit rationality or subjectivity determine whether non naturalist moral facts can be premised on things like capacity for reason
Lutz and Lenman 18. Lutz, Matthew and Lenman, James, "Moral Naturalism", The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Fall 2018 Edition), Edward N. Zalta (ed.), URL = https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/fall2018/entries/naturalism-moral/.Massa The first argument against normative non-naturalism concerns normative supervenience. The normative supervenes
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, this is a heavy mark against non-naturalism (McPherson 2012).
B~ The problem of disagreement –
resolving a priori conflicts requires indicting the epistemological basis of one’s judgement with a reliable process for deriving moral truths which is impossible given widespread moral disagreement about non verifiable a priori truth – grounding ethics with verifiable natural facts solve
Copp 7, D. Why Naturalism? Morality in a Natural World, 33–54. doi:10.1017/cbo9780511497940.003 Massa Suppose, for example, that I witness a bullfight and observe that many thousands
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disagreement would not undermine the credibility of the proposition to an ideal thinker.
Next, phenomenal introspection can bridge the gap from experiential natural facts to moral truths and necessitates hedonism. When I observe a lemon’s yellowness shifting my visual fields from darker to lighter shades, I can introspect on that experience and identify brightness as an intrinsic property of seeing a lemon. Similarly, when I feel pleasure, I can introspect on the shift in hedonic tones and identify that goodness is an intrinsic property of the pleasure that was increased.
This connection between pain and pleasure and phenomenal conceptions of intrinsic value and disvalue is irrefutable – everything else regresses – robust neuroscience proves.
these circuits contribute to diverse pathologies, including obesity and addiction or RDS.
Thus, the standard is consistency with hedonic act utilitarianism. Prefer –
1~ Actor specificity –
A~ Aggregation – every policy benefits some and harms others, which also means side constraints freeze action.
B~ No intent-foresight distinction for governments – deliberating over an action requires analysis of foreseen consequences which could be prevented which makes them intrinsic to state action
C~ Governments aren’t singular rational agents which makes theories about individuals irrelevant – only consequentialism solves by analyzing ends divorced from an actor
ows
2~ No act-omission distinction – governments are culpable for omissions cuz their purpose is to protect the constituency – otherwise they would have no obligation to make murder illegal. Actor spec o/w – different agents have different ethical standings that affect their obligations and considerations.
9/6/21
SO - AC - Euphoric TRIPS v5
Tournament: Loyola Invitational | Round: Quarters | Opponent: San Mateo YR | Judge: Tom, Neville Pittman, Phoenix Dosch, David cites not working but its osourced / very similar to v4
9/6/21
SO - AC - Euphoric TRIPS v6
Tournament: Loyola Invitational | Round: Semis | Opponent: Diamond Bar NC | Judge: David Dosch, Danielle Dosch, Gordon Krauss sorry cites arent working for this, ill try to fix
9/16/21
SO - AC - Euphoric TRIPS v7
Tournament: Greenhill Fall Classic RR | Round: 4 | Opponent: Westwood PM | Judge: Austin Broussard, Gerard Grigsby cites also not working for this one but it's osourced
9/17/21
SO - AC - Euphoric TRIPS v8
Tournament: Greenhill Fall Classic | Round: 6 | Opponent: Lexington BF | Judge: Sam Anderson
1AC
Advantage
The current WTO patent system is locking in global cannabis monopolies.
Kellner 21 "Mitigating the Effects of Intellectual Property Colonialism on Budding Cannabis Markets" Hughie Kellner ~Hughie Kellner came from the small farm town of Uvalde, Texas and received a bachelor’s degree in Physics from the University of Texas at Austin. Upon graduation from the Indiana University Maurer School of Law, Hughie will deploy his physics degree while prosecuting patents in the Frankfurt am Main, Germany office of Leydig, Voit, and Mayer. After Hughie’s first year at Maurer, he worked for a law firm in Thailand as a Stewart Fellow.~ Indiana Journal of Global Legal Studies Vol. 28 ~#1 (Winter 2021) https://www.repository.law.indiana.edu/ijgls/vol28/iss1/9/ SM B. How the Patent Has Become a Tool for Globalization The trade-
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, the inventor could create an economic climate close to a global monopoly.
Thailand proves – the world is trending towards legalization but big pharma patents lock in cannabis monopolies and crowd out local growth.
Kellner 21 "Mitigating the Effects of Intellectual Property Colonialism on Budding Cannabis Markets" Hughie Kellner ~Hughie Kellner came from the small farm town of Uvalde, Texas and received a bachelor’s degree in Physics from the University of Texas at Austin. Upon graduation from the Indiana University Maurer School of Law, Hughie will deploy his physics degree while prosecuting patents in the Frankfurt am Main, Germany office of Leydig, Voit, and Mayer. After Hughie’s first year at Maurer, he worked for a law firm in Thailand as a Stewart Fellow.~ Indiana Journal of Global Legal Studies Vol. 28 ~#1 (Winter 2021) https://www.repository.law.indiana.edu/ijgls/vol28/iss1/9/ SM The reason the Thai public was so concerned over the cannabis patents filed by Otsuka
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, as a resolution to the Canadian recusal from the UN Single Convention.
Big pharma leverages cannabis patents to block out competition and secure monopoly – decks medical marijuana access
Barnett 20 Hailey A. Barnett ~J.D. candidate 2020, Tulane University Law School; B.A. 2017, Communication, cum laude, Texas AandM University.~, "High Risk, High Reward: Patent Law's Effects on the Medical Marijuana Industry," Tulane Journal of Technology and Intellectual Property 22 (2020): 125-164 https://heinonline.org/HOL/LandingPage?handle=hein.journals/tuljtip22anddiv=8andid=andpage= SM B. Cannabis Patents and Pharmaceutical Companies Patent protection is a key component of
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of wealthy, powerful entities to ensure smaller entities are not marginalized.219
Monopolies kill cannabis biodiversity which throttles medical marijuana advances and industry innovation.
Barnett 20 Hailey A. Barnett ~J.D. candidate 2020, Tulane University Law School; B.A. 2017, Communication, cum laude, Texas AandM University.~, "High Risk, High Reward: Patent Law's Effects on the Medical Marijuana Industry," Tulane Journal of Technology and Intellectual Property 22 (2020): 125-164 https://heinonline.org/HOL/LandingPage?handle=hein.journals/tuljtip22anddiv=8andid=andpage= SM A. Biodiversity Implications for Cannabis Strain Patents Biodiversity, or biological diversity,
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effects on that country's biodiversity and its rights to that biodiversity.2 50
Monopolies kill market growth and disincentivize innovation.
over the long-term as well as ongoing innovation and product accessibility.
Cannabis industry drives African econ recovery.
Kafeero 7/2 "Business is starting to trump morality in Africa’s cannabis industry" Stephen Kafeero is a Ugandan investigative journalist, He has practiced since 2010 contributing to different publications. He is an Open Society Foundation fellow for Investigative Journalism at University of Witwatersrand in Johannesburg and is a candidate for an MA in Journalism and Media Studies. July 2, 2021 https://qz.com/africa/2028012/africas-cannabis-industry-is-set-to-boom-due-to-legalization/ SM The prospect of legalized cannabis in Africa, unimaginable less than a decade ago,
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, Nigeria, Morocco, Malawi, Ghana, eSwatini, and Zambia.
Ensuring a localized industry rather than foreign exploitation is key.
Fried 19 "The African Cannabis Economy" Carey Fried ~Marketing VP at iCAN~, October 10, 2019 https://www.canna-tech.co/cannatech/african-cannabis-economy/ SM Africa’s cannabis industry and the circular economy Cannabis legalization trends are sparking hope.
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need to have a long-term focus on value addition and research."
That’s key to preventing terror.
Ray 1/11 "Does Africa Matter to the United States?" Charles A. Ray ~a member of the Board of Trustees and Chair of the Africa Program at the Foreign Policy Research Institute, served as U.S. Ambassador to the Kingdom of Cambodia and the Republic of Zimbabwe~ January 11, 2021 https://www.fpri.org/article/2021/01/does-africa-matter-to-the-united-states/ SM The population of African countries is also overwhelmingly young. Approximately 40 of Africans
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political climate of Libya also pose a threat to sub-Saharan Africa.
Causes terrorist CBW usage.
Fyanka 20 Bernard B. Fyanka (epartment of History and International Studies, Redeemer’s University) (2020): Chemical, biological, radiological and nuclear (CBRN) terrorism: Rethinking Nigeria’s counterterrorism strategy, African Security Review, DOI: 10.1080/10246029.2019.1698441 (SGK) The most commonly used non-conventional weapons are chemical or biological in nature.
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where the use of biochemical weapons is the norm rather than the exception.
, vital soil that can better address our current environmental and agricultural crises.
Warming causes extinction
Pester 21 (Patrick, staff writer for Live Science. His background is in wildlife conservation and he has worked with endangered species around the world. Patrick holds a master's degree in international journalism from Cardiff University in the U.K. and is currently finishing a second master's degree in biodiversity, evolution and conservation in action at Middlesex University London. Citing Luke Kemp, a research associate at the Centre for the Study of Existential Risk at the University of Cambridge in the United Kingdom AND Michael Mann, PhD, distinguished professor of atmospheric science at Penn State. "Could climate change make humans go extinct?" https://www.livescience.com/climate-change-humans-extinct.html August 30, 2021)DR 21 According to Mann, a global temperature increase of 5.4 degrees Fahrenheit (
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. If we act boldly now, we can avoid the worst impacts."
Plan – the member nations of the World Trade Organization ought to delay patent enforcement for cannabis.
Kellner 21 "Mitigating the Effects of Intellectual Property Colonialism on Budding Cannabis Markets" Hughie Kellner ~Hughie Kellner came from the small farm town of Uvalde, Texas and received a bachelor’s degree in Physics from the University of Texas at Austin. Upon graduation from the Indiana University Maurer School of Law, Hughie will deploy his physics degree while prosecuting patents in the Frankfurt am Main, Germany office of Leydig, Voit, and Mayer. After Hughie’s first year at Maurer, he worked for a law firm in Thailand as a Stewart Fellow.~ Indiana Journal of Global Legal Studies Vol. 28 ~#1 (Winter 2021) https://www.repository.law.indiana.edu/ijgls/vol28/iss1/9/ SM Includes enforcement and duration A simple solution to the problem is this: if
AND
be achieved through controlling varying means and portions of the patent application process.
The plan solves by reigning in monopolies without killing innovation.
Kellner 21 "Mitigating the Effects of Intellectual Property Colonialism on Budding Cannabis Markets" Hughie Kellner ~Hughie Kellner came from the small farm town of Uvalde, Texas and received a bachelor’s degree in Physics from the University of Texas at Austin. Upon graduation from the Indiana University Maurer School of Law, Hughie will deploy his physics degree while prosecuting patents in the Frankfurt am Main, Germany office of Leydig, Voit, and Mayer. After Hughie’s first year at Maurer, he worked for a law firm in Thailand as a Stewart Fellow.~ Indiana Journal of Global Legal Studies Vol. 28 ~#1 (Winter 2021) https://www.repository.law.indiana.edu/ijgls/vol28/iss1/9/ SM Patents may still be sought and possibly even acquired if the government so chooses.
AND
cannot monopolize their innovations, and are thus placed on an equal footing.
these circuits contribute to diverse pathologies, including obesity and addiction or RDS.
Thus, the standard is consistency with hedonic act utilitarianism.
Prefer additionally:
1~ Actor specificity –
A~ Aggregation – every policy benefits some and harms others, which also means side constraints freeze action.
B~ No intent-foresight distinction – If we foresee a consequence, then it becomes part of our deliberation which makes it intrinsic to our action since we intend it to happen.
2~ No act-omission distinction –
3~ Evolution – only a naturalistic understanding of the world explains it.
Lutz and Lenman 18. Lutz, Matthew and Lenman, James, "Moral Naturalism", The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Fall 2018 Edition), Edward N. Zalta (ed.), URL = https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/fall2018/entries/naturalism-moral/.Massa The second argument against moral non-naturalism concerns moral epistemology. According to evolutionary
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, instead, provide a deep vindication of those beliefs (Copp 2008).
9/19/21
SO - AC - Jordan
Tournament: Greenhill Fall Classic | Round: Doubles | Opponent: Lexington AK | Judge: Gordon Krauss, Serena Lu, Ishan Rereddy
1AC
1AC - Advantage
Current TRIP-plus data exclusivity standards in Jordan devastate healthcare accessibility and the economy.
Barqawi 19 "The access to medicine puzzle: scaling back the negative effects of the Jordan–US Free Trade Agreement" Laila Barqawi ~Lecturer of University of Central Lancashire, Preston (UCLAN)~. Journal of Intellectual Property Law and Practice, Volume 14, Issue 9, September 2019, Pages 678–686, https://doi.org/10.1093/jiplp/jpz080 SM Jordanian officials have started to recognize the negative impact of data exclusivity as can be
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cost consumers in Jordan’s retail market US$ 18 million in 2004.11
Data exclusivity is the key internal link to blocking generic competition, economic growth, and affordable healthcare – case study proves.
Malpani 09 "All costs, no benefi ts: How the US – Jordan free trade agreement affects access to medicines" Rohit Malpani ~a senior campaigns advisor at Oxfam America. He currently manages Oxfam International’s access-to-medicines campaign~. 2009 Palgrave Macmillan 1741-1343 Journal of Generic Medicines Vol. 6, 3, 206–217 https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.851.5138andrep=rep1andtype=pdf SM HOW TRIPS-PLUS RULES HAVE RESTRICTED GENERIC COMPETITION IN JORDAN SINCE 2001 Since
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have received an additional 3 years of monopoly protection for new indications. 4
Data exclusivity creates monopolies that guts access to affordable medicine – data proves.
Armouti and Nsour 16 "Data Exclusivity for Pharmaceuticals: Was It the Best Choice for Jordan Under the U.S.- Jordan Free Trade Agreement?" WAEL ARMOUTI ~LL.M in intellectual property law, Faculty of Law, the University of Jordan (Amman, Jordan), Legal Affairs Director at Jordan Food and Drug Administration (JFDA).~ AND MOHAMMAD F.A. NSOUR ~Lawyer and associate law professor at the University of Jordan.~ OREGON REVIEW OF INTERNATIONAL LAW ~Vol. 17, 259 2016~ https://scholarsbank.uoregon.edu/xmlui/bitstream/handle/1794/20019/Nsour.pdf?sequence=1andisAllowed=y SM In order to control diseases, people must be able to access affordable medicines.
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with a 2 million JD saving.258 Chart 2 represents this saving.
Data exclusivity stymies the generic market which is key to the Jordanian pharmaceutical industry. That spills over to neighboring countries and the Jordanian economy writ large.
Armouti and Nsour 16 "Data Exclusivity for Pharmaceuticals: Was It the Best Choice for Jordan Under the U.S.- Jordan Free Trade Agreement?" WAEL ARMOUTI ~LL.M in intellectual property law, Faculty of Law, the University of Jordan (Amman, Jordan), Legal Affairs Director at Jordan Food and Drug Administration (JFDA).~ AND MOHAMMAD F.A. NSOUR ~Lawyer and associate law professor at the University of Jordan.~ OREGON REVIEW OF INTERNATIONAL LAW ~Vol. 17, 259 2016~ https://scholarsbank.uoregon.edu/xmlui/bitstream/handle/1794/20019/Nsour.pdf?sequence=1andisAllowed=y SM Since 2001, no real foreign investments from originator companies in Jordan have materialized.
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, the decrease in pharmaceutical industry export will affect the Jordanian economy.278
Jordan generic pharmaceutical industry is key to economic growth and Middle East healthcare.
an enabling environment for sustained growth, job creation, and improved health.
Economic stagnation structurally locks in instability in Jordan.
Wolf 4/14 "A Hashemite Family Reunion Can’t Hide Jordan’s Woes" Albert B. Wolf, an associate research fellow at Johns Hopkins SAIS and an assistant professor of political science at the American University of Central Asia. April 14, 2021 https://foreignpolicy.com/2021/04/14/jordan-abdullah-hamzah-hashemite-family-reunion-cant-hide-economic-woes/ SM ÂÂA Hashemite Family Reunion Can’t Hide Jordan’s Woes Making nice after an alleged
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from Hamzah or from another royal rival who has yet to reveal himself.
Jordan instability due to economic failure spills over regionally – independently ruins Israel-Jordan peace treaty.
Al-Shami et al 4/13 "Jordan’s Thorny Spring Spells Trouble for the Middle East" Farah Al-Shami, Research Fellow, Arab Reform Initiative (ARI), Tuqa Nusairat, Deputy Director, Rafik Hariri Center for the Middle East - Atlantic Council, Paolo Maggiolini, Associate Researcher, Italian Institute for International Political Studies (ISPI) and Lecturer in History of Islamic Asia, Catholic University of Milan, Bruce Riedel, Senior Fellow, Foreign Policy, Center for Middle East Policy, Center for Security, Strategy, and Technology, Director - The Intelligence Project, Brookings, April 13, 2021 https://www.ispionline.it/en/pubblicazione/jordans-thorny-spring-spells-trouble-middle-east-30024 SM Jordan's image, painstakingly built by the country’s authorities as an oasis of relative stability
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to survival of the Israel-Jordan peace treaty which is deeply unpopular."
Instability spills over to Israeli security crises specifically.
Solomon 4/6 "Instability in neighboring Jordan is ‘bad news’ for Israel" Ariel Ben Solomon ~Middle East Correspondent for the Jerusalem Post~, Apr 6, 2021 https://www.jns.org/instability-in-neighboring-jordan-is-bad-news-for-israel/ SM Instability in neighboring Jordan is ‘bad news’ for Israel For the past several
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not in the offing, instability in Jordan is bad news for Israel."
Collapse of Israel-Jordan Peace Treaty causes Middle East war.
a locally produced ICU bed, massively cheaper than those imported from abroad.
Failure to contain the pandemic causes Middle East escalation – multiple hotspots.
Alaaldin 20 "COVID-19 will prolong conflict in the Middle East" Ranj Alaaldin ~visiting fellow at the Brookings Doha Center and nonresident fellow in the Foreign Policy program. He's also the director of a Carnegie Corporation project on proxy warfare in the Middle East.~, April 24, 2020 https://www.brookings.edu/blog/order-from-chaos/2020/04/24/covid-19-will-prolong-conflict-in-the-middle-east/ SM CONFLICTS AROUND THE REGION In Libya, as Frederic Wehrey and others have pointed
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which houses 70,000 refugees, including ISIS combatants and their families.
Middle East turmoil goes nuclear.
Silverstein 4/23 "Iran-Israel tensions: The threat of nuclear disaster looms large," Richard Silverstein ~writes the Tikun Olam blog, devoted to exposing the excesses of the Israeli national security state~, 23 April 2021 https://www.middleeasteye.net/opinion/iran-israel-tensions-threat-nuclear-war-looms-large SM Israel had a near-miss of potentially catastrophic proportions on Thursday. As it
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will fight with F-35s, ballistic missiles and possibly nuclear weapons.
Regional war escalates quickly and draws in Russia and the US.
to escalation there, and perhaps even military intervention by the United States.
Nuke war causes extinction – Ice Age, famines, and war won’t stay limited
Edwards 17 ~Paul N. Edwards, CISAC’s William J. Perry Fellow in International Security at Stanford’s Freeman Spogli Institute for International Studies. Being interviewed by EarthSky. How nuclear war would affect Earth’s climate. September 8, 2017. earthsky.org/human-world/how-nuclear-war-would-affect-earths-climate~ Note, we are only reading parts of the interview that are directly from Paul Edwards — MMG In the nuclear conversation, what are we not talking about that we should be
AND
two nuclear powers would stay limited to these smaller, less destructive bombs.
Plan: The Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan ought to reduce data exclusivity for medicines.
Barqawi 19 "The access to medicine puzzle: scaling back the negative effects of the Jordan–US Free Trade Agreement" Laila Barqawi ~Lecturer of University of Central Lancashire, Preston (UCLAN)~. Journal of Intellectual Property Law and Practice, Volume 14, Issue 9, September 2019, Pages 678–686, https://doi.org/10.1093/jiplp/jpz080 SM We now examine each of the JFDA’s recommendations:
‘Shortening the
AND
authority, ending the protection referred to in Article 89 shall be justified.
Reducing data exclusivity revives the generic market which boosts accessible healthcare and the economy.
Alawi and Alabbadi 15 Investigating the Effect of Data Exclusivity on the Pharmaceutical Sector in Jordan Rand Alawi ~Pharmacist, MBA, Faculty of Business, The University of Jordan~ and Ibrahim Alabbadi ~ Associate Professor, MBA, PhD, Biopharmaceutics and Clinical Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Jordan Jordan Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Volume 8, No. 2, 2015 https://journals.ju.edu.jo/JJPS/article/view/9377/4480 SM On the other hand, medicines prices have continued to rise in Jordan after IP
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medicine with no generic equivalent was resulted from the enforcement of data exclusivity.
1AC – Framing
Naturalism is true – evolution.
Lutz and Lenman 18. Lutz, Matthew and Lenman, James, "Moral Naturalism", The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Fall 2018 Edition), Edward N. Zalta (ed.), URL = https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/fall2018/entries/naturalism-moral/.Massa The second argument against moral non-naturalism concerns moral epistemology. According to evolutionary
AND
, instead, provide a deep vindication of those beliefs (Copp 2008).
these circuits contribute to diverse pathologies, including obesity and addiction or RDS.
Thus, the standard is consistency with hedonic act utilitarianism.
Prefer additionally:
1~ Actor specificity –
A~ Aggregation – every policy benefits some and harms others, which also means side constraints freeze action.
B~ No intent-foresight distinction – If we foresee a consequence, then it becomes part of our deliberation which makes it intrinsic to our action since we intend it to happen.
2~ No act-omission distinction –
A~ Psychology – choosing to omit is an act itself – governments decide not to act which means being presented with the aff creates a choice between two actions, neither of which is an omission.
B~ Actor specificity – governments are culpable for omissions cuz their purpose is to protect the constituency – otherwise they would have no obligation to make murder illegal. Only util can escape culpability in the instance of tradeoffs
– i.e. it resolves the trolley problem cuz a deontological theory would hold you responsible for killing regardless. Actor spec o/w – different agents have different ethical standings that affect their obligations and considerations.
9/24/21
SO - AC - Jordan v2
Tournament: Nano Nagle Classic | Round: 3 | Opponent: Marlborough AK | Judge: Emmiee Malyugina cites aren't working but it's open sourced
10/9/21
SO - AC - Jordan v3
Tournament: Nano Nagle RR | Round: 1 | Opponent: Immaculate Heart BC | Judge: Nick Fleming cites not working but osoured