Sequoia Sawyer Aff
| Tournament | Round | Opponent | Judge | Cites | Round Report | Open Source | Edit/Delete |
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| Greenhill Fall Classic | 2 | Westwood ST | Nick Fleming |
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| Greenhill Fall Classic | 3 | Harrison AA | Varad Agarwala |
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| Greenhill Fall Classic | 6 | Lexington BF | Sam Anderson |
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| Greenhill Fall Classic | Doubles | Lexington AK | Gordon Krauss, Serena Lu, Ishan Rereddy |
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| Greenhill Fall Classic RR | 3 | Harker DS | Chetan Hertzig, Claudia Ribera |
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| Greenhill Fall Classic RR | 4 | Westwood PM | Austin Broussard, Gerard Grigsby |
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| Loyola | Octas | Orange Lutheran AZ | Nathan Russell, David Dosch, Lena Mizrahi |
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| Loyola Invitational | 2 | Dulles TY | Pheonix Pittman |
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| Loyola Invitational | 1 | LNU PD | Nathan Russell |
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| Loyola Invitational | 6 | Immaculate Heart RR | Ronak Ahuja |
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| Loyola Invitational | Octas | Orange Lutheran AZ | Nathan Russell, David Dosch, Lena Mizrahi |
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| Loyola Invitational | Quarters | San Mateo YR | Tom, Neville Pittman, Phoenix Dosch, David |
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| Loyola Invitational | Semis | Diamond Bar NC | David Dosch, Danielle Dosch, Gordon Krauss |
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| Mid America Cup RR | 2 | Strake Jesuit KS | Deserea Niemann, Holden Bukowsky |
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| Tournament | Round | Report |
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| Greenhill Fall Classic | 2 | Opponent: Westwood ST | Judge: Nick Fleming 1ac - euphoric trips v7 |
| Greenhill Fall Classic | 3 | Opponent: Harrison AA | Judge: Varad Agarwala 1ac - euphoric trips v7 |
| Greenhill Fall Classic | 6 | Opponent: Lexington BF | Judge: Sam Anderson 1ac - euphoric trips v8 |
| Greenhill Fall Classic | Doubles | Opponent: Lexington AK | Judge: Gordon Krauss, Serena Lu, Ishan Rereddy 1ac - jordan |
| Greenhill Fall Classic RR | 3 | Opponent: Harker DS | Judge: Chetan Hertzig, Claudia Ribera 1ac - biopiracy |
| Greenhill Fall Classic RR | 4 | Opponent: Westwood PM | Judge: Austin Broussard, Gerard Grigsby 1ac - euphoric trips v7 |
| Loyola | Octas | Opponent: Orange Lutheran AZ | Judge: Nathan Russell, David Dosch, Lena Mizrahi 1ac - euphoric trips v4 |
| Loyola Invitational | 2 | Opponent: Dulles TY | Judge: Pheonix Pittman 1ac - euphoric trips v2 |
| Loyola Invitational | 1 | Opponent: LNU PD | Judge: Nathan Russell 1ac - euphoric trips v1 |
| Loyola Invitational | 6 | Opponent: Immaculate Heart RR | Judge: Ronak Ahuja 1ac - euphoric trips v3 |
| Loyola Invitational | Octas | Opponent: Orange Lutheran AZ | Judge: Nathan Russell, David Dosch, Lena Mizrahi 1ac - euphoric trips v4 |
| Loyola Invitational | Quarters | Opponent: San Mateo YR | Judge: Tom, Neville Pittman, Phoenix Dosch, David 1ac - euphoric trips v5 |
| Loyola Invitational | Semis | Opponent: Diamond Bar NC | Judge: David Dosch, Danielle Dosch, Gordon Krauss 1ac - euphoric trips v6 |
| Mid America Cup RR | 2 | Opponent: Strake Jesuit KS | Judge: Deserea Niemann, Holden Bukowsky 1ac - biopiracy v2 |
To modify or delete round reports, edit the associated round.
Cites
| Entry | Date |
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0 - Contact InfoTournament: x | Round: 1 | Opponent: x | Judge: x | 7/9/21 |
0 - NavigationTournament: x | Round: 1 | Opponent: x | Judge: x | 7/9/21 |
0 - Note - Content WarningsTournament: x | Round: 1 | Opponent: x | Judge: x | 7/9/21 |
1 - Disclosure InterpsTournament: x | Round: 1 | Opponent: x | Judge: x Interpretation: Debaters must create a separate citation for each constructive position on their 2021-22 NDCA LD wiki page. To clarify, you can't make cite entries labelled by round like "R1 Yale NC" or put multiple under one heading. Interp: For each position on their corresponding 2021-22 NDCA LD wiki page, debaters must disclose a summary of each analytic argument in their cases. To clarify – you don’t have to include the full text of each, you just have to substitute them with a few words that summarize the thesis of the argument i.e. ‘actor specificity’ rather than ‘analytic’. Interpretation: Debaters must disclose all constructive positions in cite boxes on the 2021-22 NDCA LD wiki. To clarify, they can’t put “see open source.” Interpretation: If debaters disclose full text, they must not post the full text of the cards in the cite box, but must upload an open source document with the full text of their cards. To clarify, you don’t have to disclose highlighting or underlining, you just need an open source document with minimally the full, un-underlined text of cards Interp: Debaters must disclose round reports on the 2021-22 NDCA LD wiki for every round they have debated this season. Round reports disclose which positions (AC, NC, K, T, Theory, etc.) were read/gone for in 2NR. Interp – debaters must disclose all cards read on case on open source with highlighting on the 2021-22 NDCA LD wiki after the round in which they read them and before the next round they debate. | 7/9/21 |
SO - AC - BiopiracyTournament: Greenhill Fall Classic RR | Round: 3 | Opponent: Harker DS | Judge: Chetan Hertzig, Claudia Ribera 1ACThe continual settler drive to secure its own health has resulted in a system of global biopiracy wherein western transnational corporations have targeted traditional medicine used by tribes in places like Northeast India, establishing patents on biological resources and indigenous medicine for their own profit. Biopiracy renders these indigenous knowledges and communities as only sites for extraction of knowledge, wealth, and resources, which has spread to the global south and is only increasing in speed due to the genomics revolution.Bhattacharya 14 ~Sayan Battacharya, Department of Environmental Studies at Rabindra Bharati University in Kolkata, India~, "Bioprospecting, biopiracy and food security in India: The emerging sides of neoliberalism", International Letters of Social and Humanistic Sciences, SciPress Ltd, pg. 49-54, 2014 SLC PK AND rights of the farming community over the genetic wealth used in agriculture.17 Western intellectual property rights protections are structurally opposed to traditional indigenous medicines, causing continual cooption for modern pharmaceuticals while leaving the communities from which they’re derived in the dust.Eiland 08 ~Dr. Eiland received a doctorate in Oriental Archaeology from Oxford University and an LLM from the Munich Intellectual Property Law Center~, "Patenting Traditional Medicine", Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH and Co. KG, pg. 7-10, 2008 SLC PK AND critics, it has devastating effects on the TK of other nations.1 The move to biopiracy adds new energy and technology to the settler project of terra nullius, putting every part of the world into the project of dispossession.Sharma and Campbell 99 ~Sharma is a Ph.D. in Sociology from the University of Toronto and an Associate Professor of the Sociology Department at the University of Hawai’I at Manoa. Allison Campbell is an American Chemist known for work on biomineralization, biomimetics, biomaterials, and bioactive coatings for medical implants.~ "Vandana Shiva on Sexual Economics, Biopiracy and Women's Ongoing Resistance to Colonialism", Atlantis, Volume 23.2, Spring/Summer 1999 SLC PK AND in highly intensive interaction with ourselves and with the rest of the world. Thus, we affirm – the member nations of the World Trade Organization ought to end the use of intellectual property protections by non-Indigenous groups for medicines derived from indigenous knowledge.Indigenous peoples have made it clear—IPR is an active threat to traditional medicine which treats natives as an expense rather than a priority. Prefer indigenous scholarship—conversations over IPR on traditional knowledge have actively and historically excluded native voices which ignores the material implications they have on the lives and livelihoods of natives.IPCB et al. 06 ~The IPCB is organized to assist indigenous peoples in the protection of their genetic resources, indigenous knowledge, cultural and human rights from the negative effects of biotechnology. Llamado de la Tierra is comprised of indigenous peoples throughout the world who are experienced in cultural and intellectual property policies and laws in the context of the indigenous struggle for de-colonisation and self-determination. The International Indian Treaty Council serves as an advocate for the human rights of Indigenous Peoples locally, nationally, and internationally.~ "Joint Statement of the Indigenous Peoples Council on Biocolonialism (IPCB), Call of the Earth/Llamado de la Tierra (COE), and International Indian Treaty Council (IITC)", International IP Policy News, 6-12-06, https://www.ip-watch.org/2006/12/06/inside-views-indigenous-groups-tell-wipo-dont-patent-our-traditional-knowledge/ SLC PK AND out in the human rights arena. When biopiracy tries to patent indigenous medicine, it also demonstrates a renewed interest in nature and a certain type of knowledge. This interest destabilizes the nature/culture binary as fixed by the enlightenment, showing that nature is of value. This becomes a locus to debunk settler myths and disrupt the equation of modernity. Legal and political moves against biopiracy such as the plan are key to solvency—anything else fails to rupture the western representation of the helpless native which is necessary for real justice.Curbishley 15 ~Liddy Scarlet Curbishley in a Thesis submitted for the Masters of Humanities in Gender Studies at Utrecht University~, "Destabilizing the Colonization of Indigenous Knowledge In the Case of Biopiracy", August 2015 SLC PK AND Gaard, 2010: 13) has on vulnerable individuals and the environment. Every facet of foreign policy is indebted to settler colonialism—IR’s erasure of indigenous peoples through casting them as domestic, primitive, and landless creates complicity in the destruction of indigenous life and governance.King 17 (Hayden King, Gchi'mnissing Anishinaabe writer and educator based in the Faculty of Arts at Ryerson University in Toronto., 7-31-17, The erasure of Indigenous thought in foreign policy, https://www.opencanada.org/features/erasure-indigenous-thought-foreign-policy/, JKS) AND . And so, foreign policy is itself a manifestation of settler colonialism. Debate’s fixation on extinction narratives centers a notion of universal humanity that allows for dehumanization and erasure of native relationality to nature. Settlers attach themselves to the thrill of abjection in order to distance themselves from the violence of settler colonialism and the ethical imperative to work against it.Mitchell 17 ""Decolonizing against extinction part II: Extinction is not a metaphor – it is literally genocide" Audra Mitchell ~settler currently living and working on the Ancestral and Treaty lands of the Attawandaron (Neutral), Haudenosaunee (Six Nations of the Grand River) and Anishinaabe (Mississaugas of the New Credit) peoples. Prof. Mitchell holds the Canada Research Chair in Global Political Ecology at the Balsillie School of International Affairs~, September 27, 2017, https://worldlyir.wordpress.com/2017/09/27/decolonizing-against-extinction-part-ii-extinction-is-not-a-metaphor-it-is-literally-genocide/ SM AND relations, worlds and peoples that are targeted by these discourses and practices. In settler research spaces we have a responsibility and role of the ballot to center indigenous knowledge, and to contribute to unsettling the academy—our work connects different discussions of indigeneity and decolonization to the rest of the globe.Sium et al 12 (Aman Sium, Chandni Desai, Eric Ritskes, Ontario Institute for Studies in Education, University of Toronto, Sium identifies as being Tigrinya, indigenous, African, and Eritrean, Ritskes is Zhaganash, Towards the ‘tangible unknown’: Decolonization and the Indigenous future, Decolonization: Indigeneity, Education and Society ¶ Vol. 1, No. 1, 2012, pp. I-XIII, JKS) AND teach it to behave" (Alfred, 2009a, p. 37). | 9/17/21 |
SO - AC - Euphoric TRIPSTournament: Loyola Invitational | Round: 1 | Opponent: LNU PD | Judge: Nathan Russell 1ACAdvantage – CannabisThe current WTO patent system is locking in global cannabis monopolies.Kellner 21 "Mitigating the Effects of Intellectual Property Colonialism on Budding Cannabis Markets" Hughie Kellner ~Hughie Kellner came from the small farm town of Uvalde, Texas and received a bachelor’s degree in Physics from the University of Texas at Austin. Upon graduation from the Indiana University Maurer School of Law, Hughie will deploy his physics degree while prosecuting patents in the Frankfurt am Main, Germany office of Leydig, Voit, and Mayer. After Hughie’s first year at Maurer, he worked for a law firm in Thailand as a Stewart Fellow.~ Indiana Journal of Global Legal Studies Vol. 28 ~#1 (Winter 2021) https://www.repository.law.indiana.edu/ijgls/vol28/iss1/9/ SM AND , the inventor could create an economic climate close to a global monopoly. Thailand proves – the world is trending towards legalization but big pharma patents lock in cannabis monopolies and crowd out local growth.Kellner 21 "Mitigating the Effects of Intellectual Property Colonialism on Budding Cannabis Markets" Hughie Kellner ~Hughie Kellner came from the small farm town of Uvalde, Texas and received a bachelor’s degree in Physics from the University of Texas at Austin. Upon graduation from the Indiana University Maurer School of Law, Hughie will deploy his physics degree while prosecuting patents in the Frankfurt am Main, Germany office of Leydig, Voit, and Mayer. After Hughie’s first year at Maurer, he worked for a law firm in Thailand as a Stewart Fellow.~ Indiana Journal of Global Legal Studies Vol. 28 ~#1 (Winter 2021) https://www.repository.law.indiana.edu/ijgls/vol28/iss1/9/ SM AND , as a resolution to the Canadian recusal from the UN Single Convention. Big pharma leverages cannabis patents to block out competition and secure monopoly – decks medical marijuana accessBarnett 20 Hailey A. Barnett ~J.D. candidate 2020, Tulane University Law School; B.A. 2017, Communication, cum laude, Texas AandM University.~, "High Risk, High Reward: Patent Law's Effects on the Medical Marijuana Industry," Tulane Journal of Technology and Intellectual Property 22 (2020): 125-164 https://heinonline.org/HOL/LandingPage?handle=hein.journals/tuljtip22anddiv=8andid=andpage= SM AND of wealthy, powerful entities to ensure smaller entities are not marginalized.219 Monopolies kill cannabis biodiversity which throttles medical marijuana advances and industry innovation.Barnett 20 Hailey A. Barnett ~J.D. candidate 2020, Tulane University Law School; B.A. 2017, Communication, cum laude, Texas AandM University.~, "High Risk, High Reward: Patent Law's Effects on the Medical Marijuana Industry," Tulane Journal of Technology and Intellectual Property 22 (2020): 125-164 https://heinonline.org/HOL/LandingPage?handle=hein.journals/tuljtip22anddiv=8andid=andpage= SM AND effects on that country's biodiversity and its rights to that biodiversity.2 50 Monopolies kill market growth and disincentivize innovation.Gunelius 20 "How Big Business, Monopolies and Stacked Licenses Impact the Marijuana Industry," February 7, 2020, Originally published 3/4/17, Susan Gunelius is President and CEO of KeySplash Creative, Inc. https://www.cannabiz.media/blog/how-big-business-monopolies-and-stacked-licenses-impact-the-marijuana-industry SM AND over the long-term as well as ongoing innovation and product accessibility. Medical marijuana is key to resolving opioid pain reliever prescriptions – biggest internal link to addiction and overuseBlake 20 ~Dwight K Blake, Founder of American Marijuana, 15 years of experience in mental health counseling and addiction treatment.~ "Medical marijuana reduces opioid prescribing rate," American Marijuana, March 24, 2020, https://americanmarijuana.org/medical-marijuana-solution-to-opioid-epidemic/ ~note: charts/images omitted~ TG AND have shown an average reduction rate of opioid consumption by 5.21. The opioid crisis risks massively destructive terrorism – synthetic opioids can be weaponized and spreadMorell 17 (Michael Morell, the former Acting Director and Deputy Director of the Central Intelligence Agency, is one of our nation's leading national security professionals, with extensive experience in intelligence and foreign policy. During his 33-year career at CIA, Michael served as Deputy Director for over three years, served twice as Acting Director, served for two years as the Director of Intelligence, the Agency's top analyst, and for two years as Executive Director, the CIA's top administrator.)("The Opioid Crisis Becomes a National Security Threat", July 26, 2017, https://www.thecipherbrief.com/column'article/opioid-crisis-becomes-national-security-threat) AND – particularly when it is so easy to see what might be coming. Developments and attacks are coming now – spurs inter-state wars AND non-state actors which ensure escalation – taboo eroded, empirics prove, tech and motive are hereHenry de Quetteville et al 18. Special Correspondent @Telegraph, Technology. Former foreign correspondent in France, the Balkans and the Middle East., citing James Giordano, professor of neurology, chief of the Neuroethics Studies Program, and co-director of the O’Neill-Pellegrino Program in Brain Science and Global Health Law and Policy at Georgetown University Medical Center. He is an member of the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency’s panel on neuroethics, legal, and social issues, and serves as a senior science advisory fellow to the Joint Staff at the Pentagon. His latest book is Neurotechnology in National Security and Defense: Practical Considerations, Neuroethical Concerns (CRC Press), citing Gavin Williamson, UK Secretary of Defense, citing Aimen Dean, also known as Ramzi is a Bahrainian man who was a founding member of al-Qaeda. In 1998, he joined the Secret Intelligence Service and became an MI6 spy, citing Hamish de Bretton-Gordon, a chemical weapons expert and chief operating officer of SecureBio Limited. He was formerly a British Army officer for 23 years and commanding officer of the UK's CBRN Regiment and NATO's Rapid Reaction CBRN Battalion, August 3, 2018, "The rise of biological and chemical weapons After Salisbury, how ready is the UK?", https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/rise-of-biological-chemical-weapons/. Rez AND total? $26.2 billion per 100,000 persons exposed. Nuke war causes extinction – Ice Age, famines, and war won’t stay limitedEdwards 17 ~Paul N. Edwards, CISAC’s William J. Perry Fellow in International Security at Stanford’s Freeman Spogli Institute for International Studies. Being interviewed by EarthSky. How nuclear war would affect Earth’s climate. September 8, 2017. earthsky.org/human-world/how-nuclear-war-would-affect-earths-climate~ Note, we are only reading parts of the interview that are directly from Paul Edwards — MMG AND two nuclear powers would stay limited to these smaller, less destructive bombs. Chemical WMDs cause extinction – one incident is enoughGander 18, Kashmira. Citing the Global Catastrophic Risks Foundation’s Global Challenges Annual Report, edited by Martin Rees, UK Astronomer Royal, and Co-founder, Cambridge Centre for the Study of Existential Risk, and whose section on chemical warfare was reviewed by Angela Kane, Senior Fellow at the Vienna Centre for Disarmament and Non-Proliferation, visiting Professor at Sciences Po Paris, and former High Representative for Disarmament Affairs at the United Nations. 10-31-2018. "Experts reveal the nine most likely ways the world will end." Newsweek. https://www.newsweek.com/how-will-world-end-experts-reveal-9-most-likely-ways-humans-will-be-wiped-out-1194616. Rez. AND it could "cause a pandemic of unprecedented proportions," the report stated. Plan – the member nations of the World Trade Organization ought to delay patent enforcement for cannabis.Kellner 21 "Mitigating the Effects of Intellectual Property Colonialism on Budding Cannabis Markets" Hughie Kellner ~Hughie Kellner came from the small farm town of Uvalde, Texas and received a bachelor’s degree in Physics from the University of Texas at Austin. Upon graduation from the Indiana University Maurer School of Law, Hughie will deploy his physics degree while prosecuting patents in the Frankfurt am Main, Germany office of Leydig, Voit, and Mayer. After Hughie’s first year at Maurer, he worked for a law firm in Thailand as a Stewart Fellow.~ Indiana Journal of Global Legal Studies Vol. 28 ~#1 (Winter 2021) https://www.repository.law.indiana.edu/ijgls/vol28/iss1/9/ SM AND be achieved through controlling varying means and portions of the patent application process. The plan solves by reigning in monopolies without killing innovation.Kellner 21 "Mitigating the Effects of Intellectual Property Colonialism on Budding Cannabis Markets" Hughie Kellner ~Hughie Kellner came from the small farm town of Uvalde, Texas and received a bachelor’s degree in Physics from the University of Texas at Austin. Upon graduation from the Indiana University Maurer School of Law, Hughie will deploy his physics degree while prosecuting patents in the Frankfurt am Main, Germany office of Leydig, Voit, and Mayer. After Hughie’s first year at Maurer, he worked for a law firm in Thailand as a Stewart Fellow.~ Indiana Journal of Global Legal Studies Vol. 28 ~#1 (Winter 2021) https://www.repository.law.indiana.edu/ijgls/vol28/iss1/9/ SM AND cannot monopolize their innovations, and are thus placed on an equal footing. FramingSynthetic a posteriori moral naturalism is the basis of ethics:A~ The normative supervenes on the natural – natural facts like whether brains develop to permit rationality or subjectivity determine whether non naturalist moral facts can be premised on things like capacity for reasonLutz and Lenman 18. Lutz, Matthew and Lenman, James, "Moral Naturalism", The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Fall 2018 Edition), Edward N. Zalta (ed.), URL = https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/fall2018/entries/naturalism-moral/. Massa AND , this is a heavy mark against non-naturalism (McPherson 2012). Next, phenomenal introspection can bridge the gap from experiential natural facts to moral truths and necessitates hedonism. When I observe a lemon’s yellowness shifting my visual fields from darker to lighter shades, I can introspect on that experience and identify brightness as an intrinsic property of seeing a lemon. Similarly, when I feel pleasure, I can introspect on the shift in hedonic tones and identify that goodness is an intrinsic property of the pleasure that was increased.This connection between pain and pleasure and phenomenal conceptions of intrinsic value and disvalue is irrefutable – everything else regresses – robust neuroscience proves.Blum et al. 18 Kenneth Blum, 1Department of Psychiatry, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Dayton VA Medical Center, Wright State University, Dayton, OH, USA 2Department of Psychiatry, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA 3Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Keck Medicine University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA 4Division of Applied Clinical Research and Education, Dominion Diagnostics, LLC, North Kingstown, RI, USA 5Department of Precision Medicine, Geneus Health LLC, San Antonio, TX, USA 6Department of Addiction Research and Therapy, Nupathways Inc., Innsbrook, MO, USA 7Department of Clinical Neurology, Path Foundation, New York, NY, USA 8Division of Neuroscience-Based Addiction Therapy, The Shores Treatment and Recovery Center, Port Saint Lucie, FL, USA 9Institute of Psychology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary 10Division of Addiction Research, Dominion Diagnostics, LLC. North Kingston, RI, USA 11Victory Nutrition International, Lederach, PA., USA 12National Human Genome Center at Howard University, Washington, DC., USA, Marjorie Gondré-Lewis, 12National Human Genome Center at Howard University, Washington, DC., USA 13Departments of Anatomy and Psychiatry, Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, DC US, Bruce Steinberg, 4Division of Applied Clinical Research and Education, Dominion Diagnostics, LLC, North Kingstown, RI, USA, Igor Elman, 15Department Psychiatry, Cooper University School of Medicine, Camden, NJ, USA, David Baron, 3Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Keck Medicine University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA, Edward J Modestino, 14Department of Psychology, Curry College, Milton, MA, USA, Rajendra D Badgaiyan, 15Department Psychiatry, Cooper University School of Medicine, Camden, NJ, USA, Mark S Gold 16Department of Psychiatry, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA, "Our evolved unique pleasure circuit makes humans different from apes: Reconsideration of data derived from animal studies", U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, 28 February 2018, accessed: 19 August 2020, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6446569/, R.S. AND these circuits contribute to diverse pathologies, including obesity and addiction or RDS. Thus, the standard is consistency with hedonic act utilitarianism. Prefer –1~ Actor specificity –A~ Aggregation – every policy benefits some and harms others, which also means side constraints freeze action.B~ No intent-foresight distinction for governments – deliberating over an action requires analysis of foreseen consequences which could be prevented which makes them intrinsic to state actionC~ Governments aren’t singular rational agents which makes theories about individuals irrelevant – only consequentialism solves by analyzing ends divorced from an actor2~ No act-omission distinction – governments are culpable for omissions cuz their purpose is to protect the constituency – otherwise they would have no obligation to make murder illegal. Actor spec o/w – different agents have different ethical standings that affect their obligations and considerations. | 9/5/21 |
SO - AC - Euphoric TRIPS v2Tournament: Loyola Invitational | Round: 2 | Opponent: Dulles TY | Judge: Pheonix Pittman 1ACAdvantage – CannabisThe current WTO patent system is locking in global cannabis monopolies.Kellner 21 "Mitigating the Effects of Intellectual Property Colonialism on Budding Cannabis Markets" Hughie Kellner ~Hughie Kellner came from the small farm town of Uvalde, Texas and received a bachelor’s degree in Physics from the University of Texas at Austin. Upon graduation from the Indiana University Maurer School of Law, Hughie will deploy his physics degree while prosecuting patents in the Frankfurt am Main, Germany office of Leydig, Voit, and Mayer. After Hughie’s first year at Maurer, he worked for a law firm in Thailand as a Stewart Fellow.~ Indiana Journal of Global Legal Studies Vol. 28 ~#1 (Winter 2021) https://www.repository.law.indiana.edu/ijgls/vol28/iss1/9/ SM AND , the inventor could create an economic climate close to a global monopoly. Thailand proves – the world is trending towards legalization but big pharma patents lock in cannabis monopolies and crowd out local growth.Kellner 21 "Mitigating the Effects of Intellectual Property Colonialism on Budding Cannabis Markets" Hughie Kellner ~Hughie Kellner came from the small farm town of Uvalde, Texas and received a bachelor’s degree in Physics from the University of Texas at Austin. Upon graduation from the Indiana University Maurer School of Law, Hughie will deploy his physics degree while prosecuting patents in the Frankfurt am Main, Germany office of Leydig, Voit, and Mayer. After Hughie’s first year at Maurer, he worked for a law firm in Thailand as a Stewart Fellow.~ Indiana Journal of Global Legal Studies Vol. 28 ~#1 (Winter 2021) https://www.repository.law.indiana.edu/ijgls/vol28/iss1/9/ SM AND , as a resolution to the Canadian recusal from the UN Single Convention. Big pharma leverages cannabis patents to block out competition and secure monopoly – decks medical marijuana accessBarnett 20 Hailey A. Barnett ~J.D. candidate 2020, Tulane University Law School; B.A. 2017, Communication, cum laude, Texas AandM University.~, "High Risk, High Reward: Patent Law's Effects on the Medical Marijuana Industry," Tulane Journal of Technology and Intellectual Property 22 (2020): 125-164 https://heinonline.org/HOL/LandingPage?handle=hein.journals/tuljtip22anddiv=8andid=andpage= SM AND of wealthy, powerful entities to ensure smaller entities are not marginalized.219 Monopolies kill cannabis biodiversity which throttles medical marijuana advances and industry innovation.Barnett 20 Hailey A. Barnett ~J.D. candidate 2020, Tulane University Law School; B.A. 2017, Communication, cum laude, Texas AandM University.~, "High Risk, High Reward: Patent Law's Effects on the Medical Marijuana Industry," Tulane Journal of Technology and Intellectual Property 22 (2020): 125-164 https://heinonline.org/HOL/LandingPage?handle=hein.journals/tuljtip22anddiv=8andid=andpage= SM AND effects on that country's biodiversity and its rights to that biodiversity.2 50 Monopolies kill market growth and disincentivize innovation.Gunelius 20 "How Big Business, Monopolies and Stacked Licenses Impact the Marijuana Industry," February 7, 2020, Originally published 3/4/17, Susan Gunelius is President and CEO of KeySplash Creative, Inc. https://www.cannabiz.media/blog/how-big-business-monopolies-and-stacked-licenses-impact-the-marijuana-industry SM AND over the long-term as well as ongoing innovation and product accessibility. Medical marijuana is key to resolving opioid pain reliever prescriptions – biggest internal link to addiction and overuseBlake 20 ~Dwight K Blake, Founder of American Marijuana, 15 years of experience in mental health counseling and addiction treatment.~ "Medical marijuana reduces opioid prescribing rate," American Marijuana, March 24, 2020, https://americanmarijuana.org/medical-marijuana-solution-to-opioid-epidemic/ ~note: charts/images omitted~ TG AND have shown an average reduction rate of opioid consumption by 5.21. The opioid crisis risks massively destructive terrorism – synthetic opioids can be weaponized and spreadMorell 17 (Michael Morell, the former Acting Director and Deputy Director of the Central Intelligence Agency, is one of our nation's leading national security professionals, with extensive experience in intelligence and foreign policy. During his 33-year career at CIA, Michael served as Deputy Director for over three years, served twice as Acting Director, served for two years as the Director of Intelligence, the Agency's top analyst, and for two years as Executive Director, the CIA's top administrator.)("The Opioid Crisis Becomes a National Security Threat", July 26, 2017, https://www.thecipherbrief.com/column'article/opioid-crisis-becomes-national-security-threat) AND – particularly when it is so easy to see what might be coming. Developments and attacks are coming now – spurs inter-state wars AND non-state actors which ensure escalation – taboo eroded, empirics prove, tech and motive are hereHenry de Quetteville et al 18. Special Correspondent @Telegraph, Technology. Former foreign correspondent in France, the Balkans and the Middle East., citing James Giordano, professor of neurology, chief of the Neuroethics Studies Program, and co-director of the O’Neill-Pellegrino Program in Brain Science and Global Health Law and Policy at Georgetown University Medical Center. He is an member of the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency’s panel on neuroethics, legal, and social issues, and serves as a senior science advisory fellow to the Joint Staff at the Pentagon. His latest book is Neurotechnology in National Security and Defense: Practical Considerations, Neuroethical Concerns (CRC Press), citing Gavin Williamson, UK Secretary of Defense, citing Aimen Dean, also known as Ramzi is a Bahrainian man who was a founding member of al-Qaeda. In 1998, he joined the Secret Intelligence Service and became an MI6 spy, citing Hamish de Bretton-Gordon, a chemical weapons expert and chief operating officer of SecureBio Limited. He was formerly a British Army officer for 23 years and commanding officer of the UK's CBRN Regiment and NATO's Rapid Reaction CBRN Battalion, August 3, 2018, "The rise of biological and chemical weapons After Salisbury, how ready is the UK?", https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/rise-of-biological-chemical-weapons/. Rez AND total? $26.2 billion per 100,000 persons exposed. Nuke war causes extinction – Ice Age, famines, and war won’t stay limitedEdwards 17 ~Paul N. Edwards, CISAC’s William J. Perry Fellow in International Security at Stanford’s Freeman Spogli Institute for International Studies. Being interviewed by EarthSky. How nuclear war would affect Earth’s climate. September 8, 2017. earthsky.org/human-world/how-nuclear-war-would-affect-earths-climate~ Note, we are only reading parts of the interview that are directly from Paul Edwards — MMG AND two nuclear powers would stay limited to these smaller, less destructive bombs. Chemical WMDs cause extinction – one incident is enoughGander 18, Kashmira. Citing the Global Catastrophic Risks Foundation’s Global Challenges Annual Report, edited by Martin Rees, UK Astronomer Royal, and Co-founder, Cambridge Centre for the Study of Existential Risk, and whose section on chemical warfare was reviewed by Angela Kane, Senior Fellow at the Vienna Centre for Disarmament and Non-Proliferation, visiting Professor at Sciences Po Paris, and former High Representative for Disarmament Affairs at the United Nations. 10-31-2018. "Experts reveal the nine most likely ways the world will end." Newsweek. https://www.newsweek.com/how-will-world-end-experts-reveal-9-most-likely-ways-humans-will-be-wiped-out-1194616. Rez. AND it could "cause a pandemic of unprecedented proportions," the report stated. Plan – the member nations of the World Trade Organization ought to delay patent enforcement for cannabis.Kellner 21 "Mitigating the Effects of Intellectual Property Colonialism on Budding Cannabis Markets" Hughie Kellner ~Hughie Kellner came from the small farm town of Uvalde, Texas and received a bachelor’s degree in Physics from the University of Texas at Austin. Upon graduation from the Indiana University Maurer School of Law, Hughie will deploy his physics degree while prosecuting patents in the Frankfurt am Main, Germany office of Leydig, Voit, and Mayer. After Hughie’s first year at Maurer, he worked for a law firm in Thailand as a Stewart Fellow.~ Indiana Journal of Global Legal Studies Vol. 28 ~#1 (Winter 2021) https://www.repository.law.indiana.edu/ijgls/vol28/iss1/9/ SM AND be achieved through controlling varying means and portions of the patent application process. Counter solvency advocate: medical marijuana is dangerous therefore innovation is badThe plan solves by reigning in monopolies without killing innovation.Kellner 21 "Mitigating the Effects of Intellectual Property Colonialism on Budding Cannabis Markets" Hughie Kellner ~Hughie Kellner came from the small farm town of Uvalde, Texas and received a bachelor’s degree in Physics from the University of Texas at Austin. Upon graduation from the Indiana University Maurer School of Law, Hughie will deploy his physics degree while prosecuting patents in the Frankfurt am Main, Germany office of Leydig, Voit, and Mayer. After Hughie’s first year at Maurer, he worked for a law firm in Thailand as a Stewart Fellow.~ Indiana Journal of Global Legal Studies Vol. 28 ~#1 (Winter 2021) https://www.repository.law.indiana.edu/ijgls/vol28/iss1/9/ SM AND cannot monopolize their innovations, and are thus placed on an equal footing. FramingSynthetic a posteriori moral naturalism is the basis of ethics:A~ The normative supervenes on the natural – natural facts like whether brains develop to permit rationality or subjectivity determine whether non naturalist moral facts can be premised on things like capacity for reasonLutz and Lenman 18. Lutz, Matthew and Lenman, James, "Moral Naturalism", The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Fall 2018 Edition), Edward N. Zalta (ed.), URL = https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/fall2018/entries/naturalism-moral/. Massa AND , this is a heavy mark against non-naturalism (McPherson 2012). B~ The problem of disagreement –resolving a priori conflicts requires indicting the epistemological basis of one’s judgement with a reliable process for deriving moral truths which is impossible given widespread moral disagreement about non verifiable a priori truth – grounding ethics with verifiable natural facts solveCopp 7, D. Why Naturalism? Morality in a Natural World, 33–54. doi:10.1017/cbo9780511497940.003 Massa AND disagreement would not undermine the credibility of the proposition to an ideal thinker. Next, phenomenal introspection can bridge the gap from experiential natural facts to moral truths and necessitates hedonism. When I observe a lemon’s yellowness shifting my visual fields from darker to lighter shades, I can introspect on that experience and identify brightness as an intrinsic property of seeing a lemon. Similarly, when I feel pleasure, I can introspect on the shift in hedonic tones and identify that goodness is an intrinsic property of the pleasure that was increased.This connection between pain and pleasure and phenomenal conceptions of intrinsic value and disvalue is irrefutable – everything else regresses – robust neuroscience proves.Blum et al. 18 Kenneth Blum, 1Department of Psychiatry, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Dayton VA Medical Center, Wright State University, Dayton, OH, USA 2Department of Psychiatry, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA 3Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Keck Medicine University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA 4Division of Applied Clinical Research and Education, Dominion Diagnostics, LLC, North Kingstown, RI, USA 5Department of Precision Medicine, Geneus Health LLC, San Antonio, TX, USA 6Department of Addiction Research and Therapy, Nupathways Inc., Innsbrook, MO, USA 7Department of Clinical Neurology, Path Foundation, New York, NY, USA 8Division of Neuroscience-Based Addiction Therapy, The Shores Treatment and Recovery Center, Port Saint Lucie, FL, USA 9Institute of Psychology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary 10Division of Addiction Research, Dominion Diagnostics, LLC. North Kingston, RI, USA 11Victory Nutrition International, Lederach, PA., USA 12National Human Genome Center at Howard University, Washington, DC., USA, Marjorie Gondré-Lewis, 12National Human Genome Center at Howard University, Washington, DC., USA 13Departments of Anatomy and Psychiatry, Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, DC US, Bruce Steinberg, 4Division of Applied Clinical Research and Education, Dominion Diagnostics, LLC, North Kingstown, RI, USA, Igor Elman, 15Department Psychiatry, Cooper University School of Medicine, Camden, NJ, USA, David Baron, 3Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Keck Medicine University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA, Edward J Modestino, 14Department of Psychology, Curry College, Milton, MA, USA, Rajendra D Badgaiyan, 15Department Psychiatry, Cooper University School of Medicine, Camden, NJ, USA, Mark S Gold 16Department of Psychiatry, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA, "Our evolved unique pleasure circuit makes humans different from apes: Reconsideration of data derived from animal studies", U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, 28 February 2018, accessed: 19 August 2020, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6446569/, R.S. AND these circuits contribute to diverse pathologies, including obesity and addiction or RDS. Thus, the standard is consistency with hedonic act utilitarianism. Prefer –1~ Actor specificity –A~ Aggregation – every policy benefits some and harms others, which also means side constraints freeze action.B~ No intent-foresight distinction for governments – deliberating over an action requires analysis of foreseen consequences which could be prevented which makes them intrinsic to state actionC~ Governments aren’t singular rational agents which makes theories about individuals irrelevant – only consequentialism solves by analyzing ends divorced from an actorows 2~ No act-omission distinction – governments are culpable for omissions cuz their purpose is to protect the constituency – otherwise they would have no obligation to make murder illegal. Actor spec o/w – different agents have different ethical standings that affect their obligations and considerations. | 9/5/21 |
SO - AC - Euphoric TRIPS v3Tournament: Loyola Invitational | Round: 6 | Opponent: Immaculate Heart RR | Judge: Ronak Ahuja | 9/6/21 |
SO - AC - Euphoric TRIPS v4Tournament: Loyola Invitational | Round: Octas | Opponent: Orange Lutheran AZ | Judge: Nathan Russell, David Dosch, Lena Mizrahi 1ACAdvantage – CannabisThe current WTO patent system is locking in global cannabis monopolies.Kellner 21 "Mitigating the Effects of Intellectual Property Colonialism on Budding Cannabis Markets" Hughie Kellner ~Hughie Kellner came from the small farm town of Uvalde, Texas and received a bachelor’s degree in Physics from the University of Texas at Austin. Upon graduation from the Indiana University Maurer School of Law, Hughie will deploy his physics degree while prosecuting patents in the Frankfurt am Main, Germany office of Leydig, Voit, and Mayer. After Hughie’s first year at Maurer, he worked for a law firm in Thailand as a Stewart Fellow.~ Indiana Journal of Global Legal Studies Vol. 28 ~#1 (Winter 2021) https://www.repository.law.indiana.edu/ijgls/vol28/iss1/9/ SM AND , the inventor could create an economic climate close to a global monopoly. Thailand proves – the world is trending towards legalization but big pharma patents lock in cannabis monopolies and crowd out local growth.Kellner 21 "Mitigating the Effects of Intellectual Property Colonialism on Budding Cannabis Markets" Hughie Kellner ~Hughie Kellner came from the small farm town of Uvalde, Texas and received a bachelor’s degree in Physics from the University of Texas at Austin. Upon graduation from the Indiana University Maurer School of Law, Hughie will deploy his physics degree while prosecuting patents in the Frankfurt am Main, Germany office of Leydig, Voit, and Mayer. After Hughie’s first year at Maurer, he worked for a law firm in Thailand as a Stewart Fellow.~ Indiana Journal of Global Legal Studies Vol. 28 ~#1 (Winter 2021) https://www.repository.law.indiana.edu/ijgls/vol28/iss1/9/ SM AND , as a resolution to the Canadian recusal from the UN Single Convention. Big pharma leverages cannabis patents to block out competition and secure monopoly – decks medical marijuana accessBarnett 20 Hailey A. Barnett ~J.D. candidate 2020, Tulane University Law School; B.A. 2017, Communication, cum laude, Texas AandM University.~, "High Risk, High Reward: Patent Law's Effects on the Medical Marijuana Industry," Tulane Journal of Technology and Intellectual Property 22 (2020): 125-164 https://heinonline.org/HOL/LandingPage?handle=hein.journals/tuljtip22anddiv=8andid=andpage= SM AND of wealthy, powerful entities to ensure smaller entities are not marginalized.219 Monopolies kill cannabis biodiversity which throttles medical marijuana advances and industry innovation.Barnett 20 Hailey A. Barnett ~J.D. candidate 2020, Tulane University Law School; B.A. 2017, Communication, cum laude, Texas AandM University.~, "High Risk, High Reward: Patent Law's Effects on the Medical Marijuana Industry," Tulane Journal of Technology and Intellectual Property 22 (2020): 125-164 https://heinonline.org/HOL/LandingPage?handle=hein.journals/tuljtip22anddiv=8andid=andpage= SM AND effects on that country's biodiversity and its rights to that biodiversity.2 50 Monopolies kill market growth and disincentivize innovation.Gunelius 20 "How Big Business, Monopolies and Stacked Licenses Impact the Marijuana Industry," February 7, 2020, Originally published 3/4/17, Susan Gunelius is President and CEO of KeySplash Creative, Inc. https://www.cannabiz.media/blog/how-big-business-monopolies-and-stacked-licenses-impact-the-marijuana-industry SM AND over the long-term as well as ongoing innovation and product accessibility. Medical marijuana is key to resolving opioid pain reliever prescriptions – biggest internal link to addiction and overuseBlake 20 ~Dwight K Blake, Founder of American Marijuana, 15 years of experience in mental health counseling and addiction treatment.~ "Medical marijuana reduces opioid prescribing rate," American Marijuana, March 24, 2020, https://americanmarijuana.org/medical-marijuana-solution-to-opioid-epidemic/ ~note: charts/images omitted~ TG AND have shown an average reduction rate of opioid consumption by 5.21. The opioid crisis risks massively destructive terrorism – synthetic opioids can be weaponized and spreadMorell 17 (Michael Morell, the former Acting Director and Deputy Director of the Central Intelligence Agency, is one of our nation's leading national security professionals, with extensive experience in intelligence and foreign policy. During his 33-year career at CIA, Michael served as Deputy Director for over three years, served twice as Acting Director, served for two years as the Director of Intelligence, the Agency's top analyst, and for two years as Executive Director, the CIA's top administrator.)("The Opioid Crisis Becomes a National Security Threat", July 26, 2017, https://www.thecipherbrief.com/column'article/opioid-crisis-becomes-national-security-threat) AND – particularly when it is so easy to see what might be coming. Developments and attacks are coming now – spurs inter-state wars AND non-state actors which ensure escalation – taboo eroded, empirics prove, tech and motive are hereHenry de Quetteville et al 18. Special Correspondent @Telegraph, Technology. Former foreign correspondent in France, the Balkans and the Middle East., citing James Giordano, professor of neurology, chief of the Neuroethics Studies Program, and co-director of the O’Neill-Pellegrino Program in Brain Science and Global Health Law and Policy at Georgetown University Medical Center. He is an member of the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency’s panel on neuroethics, legal, and social issues, and serves as a senior science advisory fellow to the Joint Staff at the Pentagon. His latest book is Neurotechnology in National Security and Defense: Practical Considerations, Neuroethical Concerns (CRC Press), citing Gavin Williamson, UK Secretary of Defense, citing Aimen Dean, also known as Ramzi is a Bahrainian man who was a founding member of al-Qaeda. In 1998, he joined the Secret Intelligence Service and became an MI6 spy, citing Hamish de Bretton-Gordon, a chemical weapons expert and chief operating officer of SecureBio Limited. He was formerly a British Army officer for 23 years and commanding officer of the UK's CBRN Regiment and NATO's Rapid Reaction CBRN Battalion, August 3, 2018, "The rise of biological and chemical weapons After Salisbury, how ready is the UK?", https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/rise-of-biological-chemical-weapons/. Rez AND total? $26.2 billion per 100,000 persons exposed. Nuke war causes extinction – Ice Age, famines, and war won’t stay limitedEdwards 17 ~Paul N. Edwards, CISAC’s William J. Perry Fellow in International Security at Stanford’s Freeman Spogli Institute for International Studies. Being interviewed by EarthSky. How nuclear war would affect Earth’s climate. September 8, 2017. earthsky.org/human-world/how-nuclear-war-would-affect-earths-climate~ Note, we are only reading parts of the interview that are directly from Paul Edwards — MMG AND two nuclear powers would stay limited to these smaller, less destructive bombs. Chemical WMDs cause extinction – one incident is enoughGander 18, Kashmira. Citing the Global Catastrophic Risks Foundation’s Global Challenges Annual Report, edited by Martin Rees, UK Astronomer Royal, and Co-founder, Cambridge Centre for the Study of Existential Risk, and whose section on chemical warfare was reviewed by Angela Kane, Senior Fellow at the Vienna Centre for Disarmament and Non-Proliferation, visiting Professor at Sciences Po Paris, and former High Representative for Disarmament Affairs at the United Nations. 10-31-2018. "Experts reveal the nine most likely ways the world will end." Newsweek. https://www.newsweek.com/how-will-world-end-experts-reveal-9-most-likely-ways-humans-will-be-wiped-out-1194616. Rez. AND it could "cause a pandemic of unprecedented proportions," the report stated. Plan – the member nations of the World Trade Organization ought to delay patent enforcement for cannabis.Kellner 21 "Mitigating the Effects of Intellectual Property Colonialism on Budding Cannabis Markets" Hughie Kellner ~Hughie Kellner came from the small farm town of Uvalde, Texas and received a bachelor’s degree in Physics from the University of Texas at Austin. Upon graduation from the Indiana University Maurer School of Law, Hughie will deploy his physics degree while prosecuting patents in the Frankfurt am Main, Germany office of Leydig, Voit, and Mayer. After Hughie’s first year at Maurer, he worked for a law firm in Thailand as a Stewart Fellow.~ Indiana Journal of Global Legal Studies Vol. 28 ~#1 (Winter 2021) https://www.repository.law.indiana.edu/ijgls/vol28/iss1/9/ SM AND be achieved through controlling varying means and portions of the patent application process. Counter solvency advocate: medical marijuana is dangerous therefore innovation is badThe plan solves by reigning in monopolies without killing innovation.Kellner 21 "Mitigating the Effects of Intellectual Property Colonialism on Budding Cannabis Markets" Hughie Kellner ~Hughie Kellner came from the small farm town of Uvalde, Texas and received a bachelor’s degree in Physics from the University of Texas at Austin. Upon graduation from the Indiana University Maurer School of Law, Hughie will deploy his physics degree while prosecuting patents in the Frankfurt am Main, Germany office of Leydig, Voit, and Mayer. After Hughie’s first year at Maurer, he worked for a law firm in Thailand as a Stewart Fellow.~ Indiana Journal of Global Legal Studies Vol. 28 ~#1 (Winter 2021) https://www.repository.law.indiana.edu/ijgls/vol28/iss1/9/ SM AND cannot monopolize their innovations, and are thus placed on an equal footing. FramingSynthetic a posteriori moral naturalism is the basis of ethics:A~ The normative supervenes on the natural – natural facts like whether brains develop to permit rationality or subjectivity determine whether non naturalist moral facts can be premised on things like capacity for reasonLutz and Lenman 18. Lutz, Matthew and Lenman, James, "Moral Naturalism", The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Fall 2018 Edition), Edward N. Zalta (ed.), URL = https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/fall2018/entries/naturalism-moral/. Massa AND , this is a heavy mark against non-naturalism (McPherson 2012). B~ The problem of disagreement –resolving a priori conflicts requires indicting the epistemological basis of one’s judgement with a reliable process for deriving moral truths which is impossible given widespread moral disagreement about non verifiable a priori truth – grounding ethics with verifiable natural facts solveCopp 7, D. Why Naturalism? Morality in a Natural World, 33–54. doi:10.1017/cbo9780511497940.003 Massa AND disagreement would not undermine the credibility of the proposition to an ideal thinker. Next, phenomenal introspection can bridge the gap from experiential natural facts to moral truths and necessitates hedonism. When I observe a lemon’s yellowness shifting my visual fields from darker to lighter shades, I can introspect on that experience and identify brightness as an intrinsic property of seeing a lemon. Similarly, when I feel pleasure, I can introspect on the shift in hedonic tones and identify that goodness is an intrinsic property of the pleasure that was increased.This connection between pain and pleasure and phenomenal conceptions of intrinsic value and disvalue is irrefutable – everything else regresses – robust neuroscience proves.Blum et al. 18 Kenneth Blum, 1Department of Psychiatry, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Dayton VA Medical Center, Wright State University, Dayton, OH, USA 2Department of Psychiatry, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA 3Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Keck Medicine University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA 4Division of Applied Clinical Research and Education, Dominion Diagnostics, LLC, North Kingstown, RI, USA 5Department of Precision Medicine, Geneus Health LLC, San Antonio, TX, USA 6Department of Addiction Research and Therapy, Nupathways Inc., Innsbrook, MO, USA 7Department of Clinical Neurology, Path Foundation, New York, NY, USA 8Division of Neuroscience-Based Addiction Therapy, The Shores Treatment and Recovery Center, Port Saint Lucie, FL, USA 9Institute of Psychology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary 10Division of Addiction Research, Dominion Diagnostics, LLC. North Kingston, RI, USA 11Victory Nutrition International, Lederach, PA., USA 12National Human Genome Center at Howard University, Washington, DC., USA, Marjorie Gondré-Lewis, 12National Human Genome Center at Howard University, Washington, DC., USA 13Departments of Anatomy and Psychiatry, Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, DC US, Bruce Steinberg, 4Division of Applied Clinical Research and Education, Dominion Diagnostics, LLC, North Kingstown, RI, USA, Igor Elman, 15Department Psychiatry, Cooper University School of Medicine, Camden, NJ, USA, David Baron, 3Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Keck Medicine University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA, Edward J Modestino, 14Department of Psychology, Curry College, Milton, MA, USA, Rajendra D Badgaiyan, 15Department Psychiatry, Cooper University School of Medicine, Camden, NJ, USA, Mark S Gold 16Department of Psychiatry, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA, "Our evolved unique pleasure circuit makes humans different from apes: Reconsideration of data derived from animal studies", U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, 28 February 2018, accessed: 19 August 2020, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6446569/, R.S. AND these circuits contribute to diverse pathologies, including obesity and addiction or RDS. Thus, the standard is consistency with hedonic act utilitarianism. Prefer –1~ Actor specificity –A~ Aggregation – every policy benefits some and harms others, which also means side constraints freeze action.B~ No intent-foresight distinction for governments – deliberating over an action requires analysis of foreseen consequences which could be prevented which makes them intrinsic to state actionC~ Governments aren’t singular rational agents which makes theories about individuals irrelevant – only consequentialism solves by analyzing ends divorced from an actorows 2~ No act-omission distinction – governments are culpable for omissions cuz their purpose is to protect the constituency – otherwise they would have no obligation to make murder illegal. Actor spec o/w – different agents have different ethical standings that affect their obligations and considerations. | 9/6/21 |
SO - AC - Euphoric TRIPS v5Tournament: Loyola Invitational | Round: Quarters | Opponent: San Mateo YR | Judge: Tom, Neville Pittman, Phoenix Dosch, David | 9/6/21 |
SO - AC - Euphoric TRIPS v6Tournament: Loyola Invitational | Round: Semis | Opponent: Diamond Bar NC | Judge: David Dosch, Danielle Dosch, Gordon Krauss | 9/16/21 |
SO - AC - Euphoric TRIPS v7Tournament: Greenhill Fall Classic RR | Round: 4 | Opponent: Westwood PM | Judge: Austin Broussard, Gerard Grigsby | 9/17/21 |
SO - AC - Euphoric TRIPS v8Tournament: Greenhill Fall Classic | Round: 6 | Opponent: Lexington BF | Judge: Sam Anderson 1ACAdvantageThe current WTO patent system is locking in global cannabis monopolies.Kellner 21 "Mitigating the Effects of Intellectual Property Colonialism on Budding Cannabis Markets" Hughie Kellner ~Hughie Kellner came from the small farm town of Uvalde, Texas and received a bachelor’s degree in Physics from the University of Texas at Austin. Upon graduation from the Indiana University Maurer School of Law, Hughie will deploy his physics degree while prosecuting patents in the Frankfurt am Main, Germany office of Leydig, Voit, and Mayer. After Hughie’s first year at Maurer, he worked for a law firm in Thailand as a Stewart Fellow.~ Indiana Journal of Global Legal Studies Vol. 28 ~#1 (Winter 2021) https://www.repository.law.indiana.edu/ijgls/vol28/iss1/9/ SM AND , the inventor could create an economic climate close to a global monopoly. Thailand proves – the world is trending towards legalization but big pharma patents lock in cannabis monopolies and crowd out local growth.Kellner 21 "Mitigating the Effects of Intellectual Property Colonialism on Budding Cannabis Markets" Hughie Kellner ~Hughie Kellner came from the small farm town of Uvalde, Texas and received a bachelor’s degree in Physics from the University of Texas at Austin. Upon graduation from the Indiana University Maurer School of Law, Hughie will deploy his physics degree while prosecuting patents in the Frankfurt am Main, Germany office of Leydig, Voit, and Mayer. After Hughie’s first year at Maurer, he worked for a law firm in Thailand as a Stewart Fellow.~ Indiana Journal of Global Legal Studies Vol. 28 ~#1 (Winter 2021) https://www.repository.law.indiana.edu/ijgls/vol28/iss1/9/ SM AND , as a resolution to the Canadian recusal from the UN Single Convention. Big pharma leverages cannabis patents to block out competition and secure monopoly – decks medical marijuana accessBarnett 20 Hailey A. Barnett ~J.D. candidate 2020, Tulane University Law School; B.A. 2017, Communication, cum laude, Texas AandM University.~, "High Risk, High Reward: Patent Law's Effects on the Medical Marijuana Industry," Tulane Journal of Technology and Intellectual Property 22 (2020): 125-164 https://heinonline.org/HOL/LandingPage?handle=hein.journals/tuljtip22anddiv=8andid=andpage= SM AND of wealthy, powerful entities to ensure smaller entities are not marginalized.219 Monopolies kill cannabis biodiversity which throttles medical marijuana advances and industry innovation.Barnett 20 Hailey A. Barnett ~J.D. candidate 2020, Tulane University Law School; B.A. 2017, Communication, cum laude, Texas AandM University.~, "High Risk, High Reward: Patent Law's Effects on the Medical Marijuana Industry," Tulane Journal of Technology and Intellectual Property 22 (2020): 125-164 https://heinonline.org/HOL/LandingPage?handle=hein.journals/tuljtip22anddiv=8andid=andpage= SM AND effects on that country's biodiversity and its rights to that biodiversity.2 50 Monopolies kill market growth and disincentivize innovation.Gunelius 20 "How Big Business, Monopolies and Stacked Licenses Impact the Marijuana Industry," February 7, 2020, Originally published 3/4/17, Susan Gunelius is President and CEO of KeySplash Creative, Inc. https://www.cannabiz.media/blog/how-big-business-monopolies-and-stacked-licenses-impact-the-marijuana-industry SM AND over the long-term as well as ongoing innovation and product accessibility. Cannabis industry drives African econ recovery.Kafeero 7/2 "Business is starting to trump morality in Africa’s cannabis industry" Stephen Kafeero is a Ugandan investigative journalist, He has practiced since 2010 contributing to different publications. He is an Open Society Foundation fellow for Investigative Journalism at University of Witwatersrand in Johannesburg and is a candidate for an MA in Journalism and Media Studies. July 2, 2021 https://qz.com/africa/2028012/africas-cannabis-industry-is-set-to-boom-due-to-legalization/ SM AND , Nigeria, Morocco, Malawi, Ghana, eSwatini, and Zambia. Ensuring a localized industry rather than foreign exploitation is key.Fried 19 "The African Cannabis Economy" Carey Fried ~Marketing VP at iCAN~, October 10, 2019 https://www.canna-tech.co/cannatech/african-cannabis-economy/ SM AND need to have a long-term focus on value addition and research." That’s key to preventing terror.Ray 1/11 "Does Africa Matter to the United States?" Charles A. Ray ~a member of the Board of Trustees and Chair of the Africa Program at the Foreign Policy Research Institute, served as U.S. Ambassador to the Kingdom of Cambodia and the Republic of Zimbabwe~ January 11, 2021 https://www.fpri.org/article/2021/01/does-africa-matter-to-the-united-states/ SM AND political climate of Libya also pose a threat to sub-Saharan Africa. Causes terrorist CBW usage.Fyanka 20 Bernard B. Fyanka (epartment of History and International Studies, Redeemer’s University) (2020): Chemical, biological, radiological and nuclear (CBRN) terrorism: Rethinking Nigeria’s counterterrorism strategy, African Security Review, DOI: 10.1080/10246029.2019.1698441 (SGK) AND where the use of biochemical weapons is the norm rather than the exception. COVID incentivizes engineered bioterror- extinctionWalsh, 20 — Axios Future correspondent ~Bryan Walsh, "The coronavirus pandemic reawakens bioweapon fears," Axios, 5-14-2020, https://www.axios.com/coronavirus-pandemic-pathogen-bioweapon-45417c86-52aa-41b1-8a99-44a6e597d3a8.html, accessed 9-7-2020~ AND could potentially make a dangerous engineered virus, whether deliberately or by accident. Organic weed key to climate change – removes CO2 from the atmosphere and reverses harms of corporate farming.Bronner 8/23 "Opinion: Cannabis industry needs regenerative organic farming, not modified seeds," August 23, 2021, David Bronner ~Cosmic Engagement Officer (CEO) of Dr. Bronner's, BA Biology from Harvard~ https://hempindustrydaily.com/opinion-cannabis-industry-needs-regenerative-organic-farming-not-modified-seeds/ SM AND , vital soil that can better address our current environmental and agricultural crises. Warming causes extinctionPester 21 (Patrick, staff writer for Live Science. His background is in wildlife conservation and he has worked with endangered species around the world. Patrick holds a master's degree in international journalism from Cardiff University in the U.K. and is currently finishing a second master's degree in biodiversity, evolution and conservation in action at Middlesex University London. Citing Luke Kemp, a research associate at the Centre for the Study of Existential Risk at the University of Cambridge in the United Kingdom AND Michael Mann, PhD, distinguished professor of atmospheric science at Penn State. "Could climate change make humans go extinct?" https://www.livescience.com/climate-change-humans-extinct.html August 30, 2021)DR 21 AND . If we act boldly now, we can avoid the worst impacts." Plan – the member nations of the World Trade Organization ought to delay patent enforcement for cannabis.Kellner 21 "Mitigating the Effects of Intellectual Property Colonialism on Budding Cannabis Markets" Hughie Kellner ~Hughie Kellner came from the small farm town of Uvalde, Texas and received a bachelor’s degree in Physics from the University of Texas at Austin. Upon graduation from the Indiana University Maurer School of Law, Hughie will deploy his physics degree while prosecuting patents in the Frankfurt am Main, Germany office of Leydig, Voit, and Mayer. After Hughie’s first year at Maurer, he worked for a law firm in Thailand as a Stewart Fellow.~ Indiana Journal of Global Legal Studies Vol. 28 ~#1 (Winter 2021) https://www.repository.law.indiana.edu/ijgls/vol28/iss1/9/ SM AND be achieved through controlling varying means and portions of the patent application process. The plan solves by reigning in monopolies without killing innovation.Kellner 21 "Mitigating the Effects of Intellectual Property Colonialism on Budding Cannabis Markets" Hughie Kellner ~Hughie Kellner came from the small farm town of Uvalde, Texas and received a bachelor’s degree in Physics from the University of Texas at Austin. Upon graduation from the Indiana University Maurer School of Law, Hughie will deploy his physics degree while prosecuting patents in the Frankfurt am Main, Germany office of Leydig, Voit, and Mayer. After Hughie’s first year at Maurer, he worked for a law firm in Thailand as a Stewart Fellow.~ Indiana Journal of Global Legal Studies Vol. 28 ~#1 (Winter 2021) https://www.repository.law.indiana.edu/ijgls/vol28/iss1/9/ SM AND cannot monopolize their innovations, and are thus placed on an equal footing. FWPleasure and pain are intrinsically valuable.Blum et al. 18 Kenneth Blum, 1Department of Psychiatry, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Dayton VA Medical Center, Wright State University, Dayton, OH, USA 2Department of Psychiatry, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA 3Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Keck Medicine University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA 4Division of Applied Clinical Research and Education, Dominion Diagnostics, LLC, North Kingstown, RI, USA 5Department of Precision Medicine, Geneus Health LLC, San Antonio, TX, USA 6Department of Addiction Research and Therapy, Nupathways Inc., Innsbrook, MO, USA 7Department of Clinical Neurology, Path Foundation, New York, NY, USA 8Division of Neuroscience-Based Addiction Therapy, The Shores Treatment and Recovery Center, Port Saint Lucie, FL, USA 9Institute of Psychology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary 10Division of Addiction Research, Dominion Diagnostics, LLC. North Kingston, RI, USA 11Victory Nutrition International, Lederach, PA., USA 12National Human Genome Center at Howard University, Washington, DC., USA, Marjorie Gondré-Lewis, 12National Human Genome Center at Howard University, Washington, DC., USA 13Departments of Anatomy and Psychiatry, Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, DC US, Bruce Steinberg, 4Division of Applied Clinical Research and Education, Dominion Diagnostics, LLC, North Kingstown, RI, USA, Igor Elman, 15Department Psychiatry, Cooper University School of Medicine, Camden, NJ, USA, David Baron, 3Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Keck Medicine University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA, Edward J Modestino, 14Department of Psychology, Curry College, Milton, MA, USA, Rajendra D Badgaiyan, 15Department Psychiatry, Cooper University School of Medicine, Camden, NJ, USA, Mark S Gold 16Department of Psychiatry, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA, "Our evolved unique pleasure circuit makes humans different from apes: Reconsideration of data derived from animal studies", U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, 28 February 2018, accessed: 19 August 2020, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6446569/, R.S. AND these circuits contribute to diverse pathologies, including obesity and addiction or RDS. Thus, the standard is consistency with hedonic act utilitarianism.Prefer additionally:1~ Actor specificity –A~ Aggregation – every policy benefits some and harms others, which also means side constraints freeze action.B~ No intent-foresight distinction – If we foresee a consequence, then it becomes part of our deliberation which makes it intrinsic to our action since we intend it to happen.2~ No act-omission distinction –3~ Evolution – only a naturalistic understanding of the world explains it.Lutz and Lenman 18. Lutz, Matthew and Lenman, James, "Moral Naturalism", The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Fall 2018 Edition), Edward N. Zalta (ed.), URL = https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/fall2018/entries/naturalism-moral/. Massa AND , instead, provide a deep vindication of those beliefs (Copp 2008). | 9/19/21 |
SO - AC - JordanTournament: Greenhill Fall Classic | Round: Doubles | Opponent: Lexington AK | Judge: Gordon Krauss, Serena Lu, Ishan Rereddy 1AC1AC - AdvantageCurrent TRIP-plus data exclusivity standards in Jordan devastate healthcare accessibility and the economy.Barqawi 19 "The access to medicine puzzle: scaling back the negative effects of the Jordan–US Free Trade Agreement" Laila Barqawi ~Lecturer of University of Central Lancashire, Preston (UCLAN)~. Journal of Intellectual Property Law and Practice, Volume 14, Issue 9, September 2019, Pages 678–686, https://doi.org/10.1093/jiplp/jpz080 SM AND cost consumers in Jordan’s retail market US$ 18 million in 2004.11 Data exclusivity is the key internal link to blocking generic competition, economic growth, and affordable healthcare – case study proves.Malpani 09 "All costs, no benefi ts: How the US – Jordan free trade agreement affects access to medicines" Rohit Malpani ~a senior campaigns advisor at Oxfam America. He currently manages Oxfam International’s access-to-medicines campaign~. 2009 Palgrave Macmillan 1741-1343 Journal of Generic Medicines Vol. 6, 3, 206–217 https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.851.5138andrep=rep1andtype=pdf SM AND have received an additional 3 years of monopoly protection for new indications. 4 Data exclusivity creates monopolies that guts access to affordable medicine – data proves.Armouti and Nsour 16 "Data Exclusivity for Pharmaceuticals: Was It the Best Choice for Jordan Under the U.S.- Jordan Free Trade Agreement?" WAEL ARMOUTI ~LL.M in intellectual property law, Faculty of Law, the University of Jordan (Amman, Jordan), Legal Affairs Director at Jordan Food and Drug Administration (JFDA).~ AND MOHAMMAD F.A. NSOUR ~Lawyer and associate law professor at the University of Jordan.~ OREGON REVIEW OF INTERNATIONAL LAW ~Vol. 17, 259 2016~ https://scholarsbank.uoregon.edu/xmlui/bitstream/handle/1794/20019/Nsour.pdf?sequence=1andisAllowed=y SM AND with a 2 million JD saving.258 Chart 2 represents this saving. Data exclusivity stymies the generic market which is key to the Jordanian pharmaceutical industry. That spills over to neighboring countries and the Jordanian economy writ large.Armouti and Nsour 16 "Data Exclusivity for Pharmaceuticals: Was It the Best Choice for Jordan Under the U.S.- Jordan Free Trade Agreement?" WAEL ARMOUTI ~LL.M in intellectual property law, Faculty of Law, the University of Jordan (Amman, Jordan), Legal Affairs Director at Jordan Food and Drug Administration (JFDA).~ AND MOHAMMAD F.A. NSOUR ~Lawyer and associate law professor at the University of Jordan.~ OREGON REVIEW OF INTERNATIONAL LAW ~Vol. 17, 259 2016~ https://scholarsbank.uoregon.edu/xmlui/bitstream/handle/1794/20019/Nsour.pdf?sequence=1andisAllowed=y SM AND , the decrease in pharmaceutical industry export will affect the Jordanian economy.278 Jordan generic pharmaceutical industry is key to economic growth and Middle East healthcare.Salih et al 19 "Now More Competitive, Jordan’s Pharmaceuticals See Healthy Jump in Exports" Mar 14, 2019, Razan Salih, Samer Badawi, and Luma Batarseh https://dai-global-developments.com/articles/now-more-competitive-jordans-pharmaceuticals-see-healthy-jump-in-exports SM AND an enabling environment for sustained growth, job creation, and improved health. Economic stagnation structurally locks in instability in Jordan.Wolf 4/14 "A Hashemite Family Reunion Can’t Hide Jordan’s Woes" Albert B. Wolf, an associate research fellow at Johns Hopkins SAIS and an assistant professor of political science at the American University of Central Asia. April 14, 2021 https://foreignpolicy.com/2021/04/14/jordan-abdullah-hamzah-hashemite-family-reunion-cant-hide-economic-woes/ SM AND from Hamzah or from another royal rival who has yet to reveal himself. Jordan instability due to economic failure spills over regionally – independently ruins Israel-Jordan peace treaty.Al-Shami et al 4/13 "Jordan’s Thorny Spring Spells Trouble for the Middle East" Farah Al-Shami, Research Fellow, Arab Reform Initiative (ARI), Tuqa Nusairat, Deputy Director, Rafik Hariri Center for the Middle East - Atlantic Council, Paolo Maggiolini, Associate Researcher, Italian Institute for International Political Studies (ISPI) and Lecturer in History of Islamic Asia, Catholic University of Milan, Bruce Riedel, Senior Fellow, Foreign Policy, Center for Middle East Policy, Center for Security, Strategy, and Technology, Director - The Intelligence Project, Brookings, April 13, 2021 https://www.ispionline.it/en/pubblicazione/jordans-thorny-spring-spells-trouble-middle-east-30024 SM AND to survival of the Israel-Jordan peace treaty which is deeply unpopular." Instability spills over to Israeli security crises specifically.Solomon 4/6 "Instability in neighboring Jordan is ‘bad news’ for Israel" Ariel Ben Solomon ~Middle East Correspondent for the Jerusalem Post~, Apr 6, 2021 https://www.jns.org/instability-in-neighboring-jordan-is-bad-news-for-israel/ SM AND not in the offing, instability in Jordan is bad news for Israel." Collapse of Israel-Jordan Peace Treaty causes Middle East war.Lazaroff 20 "Will annexation destroy Israeli-Jordanian peace, set kingdom aflame?" Tovah Lazaroff is the Deputy Managing Editor of The Jerusalem Post May 1, 2020 https://www.jpost.com/middle-east/will-annexation-destroy-israeli-jordanian-peace-set-kingdom-aflame-626104 SM AND Jordan is crucial for Israel’s safety along this critical stretch, Shamni said. Healthcare infrastructure key to COVID management.OECD 20 OECD ~Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development~ "COVID-19 crisis response in MENA countries", 06 November 2020 https://read.oecd-ilibrary.org/view/?ref=129'129919-4li7bq8asvandtitle=COVID-19-Crisis-Response-in-MENA-Countriesand'ga=2.237304256.1316433697.1631849561-29263471.1631849561 SM AND a locally produced ICU bed, massively cheaper than those imported from abroad. Failure to contain the pandemic causes Middle East escalation – multiple hotspots.Alaaldin 20 "COVID-19 will prolong conflict in the Middle East" Ranj Alaaldin ~visiting fellow at the Brookings Doha Center and nonresident fellow in the Foreign Policy program. He's also the director of a Carnegie Corporation project on proxy warfare in the Middle East.~, April 24, 2020 https://www.brookings.edu/blog/order-from-chaos/2020/04/24/covid-19-will-prolong-conflict-in-the-middle-east/ SM AND which houses 70,000 refugees, including ISIS combatants and their families. Middle East turmoil goes nuclear.Silverstein 4/23 "Iran-Israel tensions: The threat of nuclear disaster looms large," Richard Silverstein ~writes the Tikun Olam blog, devoted to exposing the excesses of the Israeli national security state~, 23 April 2021 https://www.middleeasteye.net/opinion/iran-israel-tensions-threat-nuclear-war-looms-large SM AND will fight with F-35s, ballistic missiles and possibly nuclear weapons. Regional war escalates quickly and draws in Russia and the US.Hour 18 (Maj. Nadav Ben Hour, a visiting military fellow with The Washington Institute, "The Great Middle Eastern War of 2019," 8/20, https://www.washingtoninstitute.org/policy-analysis/view/the-great-middle-eastern-war-of-2019) AND to escalation there, and perhaps even military intervention by the United States. Nuke war causes extinction – Ice Age, famines, and war won’t stay limitedEdwards 17 ~Paul N. Edwards, CISAC’s William J. Perry Fellow in International Security at Stanford’s Freeman Spogli Institute for International Studies. Being interviewed by EarthSky. How nuclear war would affect Earth’s climate. September 8, 2017. earthsky.org/human-world/how-nuclear-war-would-affect-earths-climate~ Note, we are only reading parts of the interview that are directly from Paul Edwards — MMG AND two nuclear powers would stay limited to these smaller, less destructive bombs. Plan: The Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan ought to reduce data exclusivity for medicines.Barqawi 19 "The access to medicine puzzle: scaling back the negative effects of the Jordan–US Free Trade Agreement" Laila Barqawi ~Lecturer of University of Central Lancashire, Preston (UCLAN)~. Journal of Intellectual Property Law and Practice, Volume 14, Issue 9, September 2019, Pages 678–686, https://doi.org/10.1093/jiplp/jpz080 SM
AND authority, ending the protection referred to in Article 89 shall be justified. Reducing data exclusivity revives the generic market which boosts accessible healthcare and the economy.Alawi and Alabbadi 15 Investigating the Effect of Data Exclusivity on the Pharmaceutical Sector in Jordan Rand Alawi ~Pharmacist, MBA, Faculty of Business, The University of Jordan~ and Ibrahim Alabbadi ~ Associate Professor, MBA, PhD, Biopharmaceutics and Clinical Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Jordan Jordan Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Volume 8, No. 2, 2015 https://journals.ju.edu.jo/JJPS/article/view/9377/4480 SM AND medicine with no generic equivalent was resulted from the enforcement of data exclusivity. 1AC – FramingNaturalism is true – evolution.Lutz and Lenman 18. Lutz, Matthew and Lenman, James, "Moral Naturalism", The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Fall 2018 Edition), Edward N. Zalta (ed.), URL = https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/fall2018/entries/naturalism-moral/. Massa AND , instead, provide a deep vindication of those beliefs (Copp 2008). Pleasure and pain are intrinsically valuable.Blum et al. 18 Kenneth Blum, 1Department of Psychiatry, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Dayton VA Medical Center, Wright State University, Dayton, OH, USA 2Department of Psychiatry, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA 3Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Keck Medicine University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA 4Division of Applied Clinical Research and Education, Dominion Diagnostics, LLC, North Kingstown, RI, USA 5Department of Precision Medicine, Geneus Health LLC, San Antonio, TX, USA 6Department of Addiction Research and Therapy, Nupathways Inc., Innsbrook, MO, USA 7Department of Clinical Neurology, Path Foundation, New York, NY, USA 8Division of Neuroscience-Based Addiction Therapy, The Shores Treatment and Recovery Center, Port Saint Lucie, FL, USA 9Institute of Psychology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary 10Division of Addiction Research, Dominion Diagnostics, LLC. North Kingston, RI, USA 11Victory Nutrition International, Lederach, PA., USA 12National Human Genome Center at Howard University, Washington, DC., USA, Marjorie Gondré-Lewis, 12National Human Genome Center at Howard University, Washington, DC., USA 13Departments of Anatomy and Psychiatry, Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, DC US, Bruce Steinberg, 4Division of Applied Clinical Research and Education, Dominion Diagnostics, LLC, North Kingstown, RI, USA, Igor Elman, 15Department Psychiatry, Cooper University School of Medicine, Camden, NJ, USA, David Baron, 3Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Keck Medicine University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA, Edward J Modestino, 14Department of Psychology, Curry College, Milton, MA, USA, Rajendra D Badgaiyan, 15Department Psychiatry, Cooper University School of Medicine, Camden, NJ, USA, Mark S Gold 16Department of Psychiatry, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA, "Our evolved unique pleasure circuit makes humans different from apes: Reconsideration of data derived from animal studies", U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, 28 February 2018, accessed: 19 August 2020, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6446569/, R.S. AND these circuits contribute to diverse pathologies, including obesity and addiction or RDS. Thus, the standard is consistency with hedonic act utilitarianism.Prefer additionally:1~ Actor specificity –A~ Aggregation – every policy benefits some and harms others, which also means side constraints freeze action.B~ No intent-foresight distinction – If we foresee a consequence, then it becomes part of our deliberation which makes it intrinsic to our action since we intend it to happen.2~ No act-omission distinction –A~ Psychology – choosing to omit is an act itself – governments decide not to act which means being presented with the aff creates a choice between two actions, neither of which is an omission.B~ Actor specificity – governments are culpable for omissions cuz their purpose is to protect the constituency – otherwise they would have no obligation to make murder illegal. Only util can escape culpability in the instance of tradeoffs– i.e. it resolves the trolley problem cuz a deontological theory would hold you responsible for killing regardless. Actor spec o/w – different agents have different ethical standings that affect their obligations and considerations. | 9/24/21 |
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