Saratoga Garg Neg
| Tournament | Round | Opponent | Judge | Cites | Round Report | Open Source | Edit/Delete |
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| All | Finals | Probably You | Probably Not You |
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| Apple Valley | 2 | Oxford VM | Animesh Joshi |
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| Apple Valley | 4 | Westwood AG | Shweta Kondapi |
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| Apple Valley | 6 | Mission San Jose SS | Lukas Krauss |
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| Apple Valley | Triples | Los Altos BF | Ben Waldman, Muhammad Khattak, Tajaih Robinson |
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| Berkeley | 1 | Northland Christian LB | Dylan Canyon |
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| Cal RR | 2 | Southlake Carroll EP | Courtney Coffman, Parth Shah |
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| Cal RR | 6 | Ayala AM | Julian Kuffour, Jared Burke |
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| Cal RR | 7 | Sequoia AS | Gordon Krauss, Wesley Loufbourrow |
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| Emory | 1 | Sam Barlow EL | Henry Eberhart |
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| Emory | 5 | NSU SF | Eugene Toth |
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| Glenbrooks | 2 | Westlake AK | Joseph Barquin |
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| Glenbrooks | 3 | Acton Boxborough SP | Parth Misra |
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| Glenbrooks | 5 | Homestead SL | Julian Kuffour |
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| Glenbrooks | 7 | Strake Jesuit ZD | Avery Wilson |
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| Glenbrooks | Doubles | Presentation NR | Joseph Barquin, Jenn Melin, Rodrigo Paramo |
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| Greenhill | 2 | Northland Christian LB | Varad Agarwala |
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| Greenhill | 4 | Westlake AG | Samantha McLoughlin |
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| Greenhill | 6 | Carnegie Vanguard SR | Truman Le |
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| Harvard Westlake | 2 | Harker RA | Andrew Gong |
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| Harvard Westlake | 4 | Ayala AM | James Stuckert |
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| Harvard Westlake | 6 | Orange Lutheran AZ | Nick Fleming |
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| Harvard Westlake | Octas | Presentation NR | Rodrigo Paramo, Indu Pandey, Skye Spindler |
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| Loyola | 1 | Prospect ST | Joey Georges |
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| Loyola | 4 | ModernBrain AK | Michael Kurian |
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| Loyola | 6 | Honor VD | Zac Clough |
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| Nano Nagle | 2 | Sammamish LW | Nick Fleming |
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| Nano Nagle | 4 | Proof DR | Felicity Park |
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| Nano Nagle | 6 | Sequoia AS | Vishan Chaudhary |
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| Nano Nagle | Doubles | Mission San Jose SS | Vishan Chaudhary, Felicity Park, Emmiee Malyugina |
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| Nano Nagle RR | 1 | Immaculate Heart JL | Samantha McLoughlin |
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| Valley | 2 | Edina JS | Chetan Hertzig |
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| Valley | 3 | Basis SK | Phoenix Pittman |
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| Valley | 6 | Ayala AM | Benjamin Morbeck |
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| Valley RR | 1 | Lexington AK | Nethmin Liyanage, Phoenix Pittman |
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| Valley RR | 2 | Sage MP | Tajaih Robinson, Jared Burke |
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| Valley RR | 4 | American Heritage EM | Kyle Kopf, Jalyn Wu |
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| Tournament | Round | Report |
|---|---|---|
| Apple Valley | 2 | Opponent: Oxford VM | Judge: Animesh Joshi ac - prag ac |
| Apple Valley | 4 | Opponent: Westwood AG | Judge: Shweta Kondapi ac - uk |
| Apple Valley | 6 | Opponent: Mission San Jose SS | Judge: Lukas Krauss ac - china |
| Apple Valley | Triples | Opponent: Los Altos BF | Judge: Ben Waldman, Muhammad Khattak, Tajaih Robinson ac - non t cap |
| Berkeley | 1 | Opponent: Northland Christian LB | Judge: Dylan Canyon ac - china |
| Cal RR | 2 | Opponent: Southlake Carroll EP | Judge: Courtney Coffman, Parth Shah ac - china |
| Cal RR | 6 | Opponent: Ayala AM | Judge: Julian Kuffour, Jared Burke ac - lunar heritage |
| Cal RR | 7 | Opponent: Sequoia AS | Judge: Gordon Krauss, Wesley Loufbourrow ac - constellations |
| Emory | 1 | Opponent: Sam Barlow EL | Judge: Henry Eberhart ac - heidegger |
| Emory | 5 | Opponent: NSU SF | Judge: Eugene Toth ac - kant |
| Glenbrooks | 2 | Opponent: Westlake AK | Judge: Joseph Barquin ac - non t cap |
| Glenbrooks | 3 | Opponent: Acton Boxborough SP | Judge: Parth Misra ac - svio whole rez |
| Glenbrooks | 5 | Opponent: Homestead SL | Judge: Julian Kuffour ac - beller |
| Glenbrooks | 7 | Opponent: Strake Jesuit ZD | Judge: Avery Wilson ac - black |
| Glenbrooks | Doubles | Opponent: Presentation NR | Judge: Joseph Barquin, Jenn Melin, Rodrigo Paramo ac - queer hauntology |
| Greenhill | 2 | Opponent: Northland Christian LB | Judge: Varad Agarwala ac - covid |
| Greenhill | 4 | Opponent: Westlake AG | Judge: Samantha McLoughlin ac - biopiracy |
| Greenhill | 6 | Opponent: Carnegie Vanguard SR | Judge: Truman Le ac - evergreening |
| Harvard Westlake | 2 | Opponent: Harker RA | Judge: Andrew Gong ac - mining |
| Harvard Westlake | 4 | Opponent: Ayala AM | Judge: James Stuckert ac - soko |
| Harvard Westlake | 6 | Opponent: Orange Lutheran AZ | Judge: Nick Fleming ac - whole rez |
| Harvard Westlake | Octas | Opponent: Presentation NR | Judge: Rodrigo Paramo, Indu Pandey, Skye Spindler ac - set col |
| Loyola | 1 | Opponent: Prospect ST | Judge: Joey Georges ac - virtue ethics |
| Loyola | 4 | Opponent: ModernBrain AK | Judge: Michael Kurian AC - Non T Set Col |
| Loyola | 6 | Opponent: Honor VD | Judge: Zac Clough AC - racial cap |
| Nano Nagle | 2 | Opponent: Sammamish LW | Judge: Nick Fleming ac - covid |
| Nano Nagle | 4 | Opponent: Proof DR | Judge: Felicity Park ac - evergreening |
| Nano Nagle | 6 | Opponent: Sequoia AS | Judge: Vishan Chaudhary ac - jordan |
| Nano Nagle | Doubles | Opponent: Mission San Jose SS | Judge: Vishan Chaudhary, Felicity Park, Emmiee Malyugina ac - covid |
| Nano Nagle RR | 1 | Opponent: Immaculate Heart JL | Judge: Samantha McLoughlin ac - crispr |
| Valley | 2 | Opponent: Edina JS | Judge: Chetan Hertzig ac - rawls util adv |
| Valley | 3 | Opponent: Basis SK | Judge: Phoenix Pittman ac - prag |
| Valley | 6 | Opponent: Ayala AM | Judge: Benjamin Morbeck ac - evergreening |
| Valley RR | 1 | Opponent: Lexington AK | Judge: Nethmin Liyanage, Phoenix Pittman ac - kant |
| Valley RR | 2 | Opponent: Sage MP | Judge: Tajaih Robinson, Jared Burke ac - biopiracy |
| Valley RR | 4 | Opponent: American Heritage EM | Judge: Kyle Kopf, Jalyn Wu ac - virtue |
To modify or delete round reports, edit the associated round.
Cites
| Entry | Date |
|---|---|
0 - Contact InfoTournament: All | Round: Finals | Opponent: Probably You | Judge: Probably Not You Facebook: Arnav Garg (i dont check message reqs so friend req me first pls) My cites were broken for most of the szn but started working for Cal- contact me if you need anything before but I'll do cites for the rest of the szn | 2/18/22 |
0 - DebateDrillsTournament: All | Round: Finals | Opponent: Probably You | Judge: Probably Not You I'm a big fan of Amrita, she's a great coach at literally everything and a great debater and I really like Ks, I just think they're neat. I wish I read more Ks. | 2/18/22 |
0 - NavigationTournament: All | Round: Finals | Opponent: Probably You | Judge: Probably Not You | 2/18/22 |
2 - K - ColorblindnessTournament: Valley | Round: 3 | Opponent: Basis SK | Judge: Phoenix Pittman Academic philosophy serves to perpetuate antiblackness. The 1AC’s abstraction from the manifestations of racialized violence absolves white philosophers of their contributions to America’s apathy towards black death. Their race-neutral rhetoric and universal humanistic principles prevents effective mobilization against white supremacy. Vote negative to reject the Western metaphysical tradition and the perennial failure of white philosophy. Curry and Curry 18~Tommy, PhD, Prof. of Philosophy @ TAMU, Gwenetta, PhD, Ass. Prof. of Gender and Race Studies @ Alabama~, "On the Perils of Race Neutrality and Anti-Blackness: Philosophy as an Irreconcilable Obstacle to (Black) Thought," American Journal of Economics and Sociology, Vol. 77, Nos. 3-4 (May-September 2018). DOI: 10.1111/ajes.12244~ JJ AND and build strategies against the present problems of racism in philosophy before us. Even if they win that their colorblindness is theoretically ideal, it is practically impossible because racialized bodies are marked by their skin color – the psychological construction of Black as inferior makes their impacts inevitable – philosophy’s segregation of black scholarship is not neutral and not normal. Their Glaude evidence is a move to try and fix a larger structure, which isn’t possible.Tommy J. Curry and Curry 18 ~Tommy, PhD, Prof. of Philosophy @ TAMU, Gwenetta, PhD, Ass. Prof. of Gender and Race Studies @ Alabama~, "On the Perils of Race Neutrality and Anti-Blackness: Philosophy as an Irreconcilable Obstacle to (Black) Thought," American Journal of Economics and Sociology, Vol. 77, Nos. 3-4 (May-September 2018). DOI: 10.1111/ajes.12244 AND or friends who live within their social environment. Academic philosophy operates similarly. The 1AC’s spikes and technical obfuscation are the hoops that black scholarship has to jump through to even get on the playing field —- white psychosis responds to critique with an abstraction to the level of fair play —- this fair play is embedded with a safe fantasy zone in which whiteness has the collective power to set rules and normsWilderson 08 Frank B Wilderson III, Associate Professor of African American Studies and Drama at the UC, Irvine, Former Member of militarized wing of the ANC. "Incognegro: A Memoir of Exile and Apartheid" Originally published by South End Press, 2008. IB AND as to tell us the very terms of our precious debates are specious." Racism deems Black life disposable and demands racialized violence – we’re not an ad-hom that criticizes the positionality or personal views of their authors – their philosophy is actively used as an expression of white supremacy and to rationalize the deaths of Black men and women.Tommy J. Curry and Curry 18 ~Tommy, PhD, Prof. of Philosophy @ TAMU, Gwenetta, PhD, Ass. Prof. of Gender and Race Studies @ Alabama~, "On the Perils of Race Neutrality and Anti-Blackness: Philosophy as an Irreconcilable Obstacle to (Black) Thought," American Journal of Economics and Sociology, Vol. 77, Nos. 3-4 (May-September 2018). DOI: 10.1111/ajes.12244 AND that Black philosophers and graduate students share with whites become more worthwhile topics. This turns the aff – America is organized around the subjugation and death of non-white people – discriminatory applications of their policy are inevitable absent a recognition of racialization in the law – their colorblindness is mutually exclusive with the necessary upheaval of the racial dynamics that necessitate inequality.Tommy J. and Gwenetta Curry and Curry 18 ~Tommy, PhD, Prof. of Philosophy @ TAMU, Gwenetta, PhD, Ass. Prof. of Gender and Race Studies @ Alabama~, "On the Perils of Race Neutrality and Anti-Blackness: Philosophy as an Irreconcilable Obstacle to (Black) Thought," American Journal of Economics and Sociology, Vol. 77, Nos. 3-4 (May-September 2018). DOI: 10.1111/ajes.12244 AND rely on institutional racism to produce social structures that reward and elevate whites. The role of debate and the alternative is to surrender to blackness.Brady and Murillo 14 ~Nicholas and John, "Black Imperative: A Forum on Solidarity in the Age of Coalition," January 26, 2014, http://outofnowhereblog.wordpress.com/2014/01/26/black-imperative-a-forum-on-solidarity-in-the-age-of-coalition/, John Murillo III is a PhD student in the English department at Brown University, and a graduate of the University of California, Irvine, with bachelor’s degrees in Cognitive Science and English. His research interests are broad, and include extensive engagements with and within: Black Studies–particularly Afro-Pessimism–Narrative Theory; Theoretical Physics; Astrophysics; Cosmology; and Neuroscience. Nicholas Brady is an activist-scholar from Baltimore, Maryland. He was also a recent graduate of Johns Hopkins with a bachelor’s degree in Philosophy and currently a doctoral student at the University of California-Irvine Culture and Theory program.~ AND imperative. Instead of fetishizing the object, you must surrender to blackness. | 9/25/21 |
JANFEB - CP - Bilateral AgreementTournament: Cal RR | Round: 6 | Opponent: Ayala AM | Judge: Julian Kuffour, Jared Burke CP: The United States Federal Government and Russian Federation should establish a bilateral agreement that distinguishes historical artifacts on the Moon from the territory they occupy and create domestic recognition sites that cannot be encroached upon by any entities.Competes:1~ Normal means would make American heritage sites under the jurisdiction of the UN—their evidence.Hertzfeld and Pace 13 (, H. and Pace, S., 2013. International Cooperation on Human Lunar Heritage. ~online~ Cpb-us-e1.wpmucdn.com. Available at: https://cpb-us-e1.wpmucdn.com/blogs.gwu.edu/dist/7/314/files/2018/10/Hertzfeld-and-Pace-International-Cooperation-on-Human-Lunar-Heritage-t984sx.pdf ~Accessed 18 January 2022~ Dr. Hertzfeld is an expert in the economic, legal, and policy issues of space and advanced technological development. Dr. Hertzfeld holds a B.A. from the University of Pennsylvania, an M.A. from Washington University, and a Ph.D. degree in economics from Temple University. He also holds a J.D. degree from the George Washington University and is a member of the Bar in Pennsylvania and the District of Columbia. Dr. Hertzfeld joined the Space Policy Institute in 1992. His research projects have included studies on the privatization of the Space Shuttle, the economic benefits of NASA RandD expenditures, and the socioeconomic impacts of earth observation technologies. He teaches a course in Space Law and a course in microeconomics through the Economics Department at G.W. Dr. Hertzfeld has served as a Senior Economist and Policy Analyst at both NASA and the National Science Foundation, and has been a consultant to many U.S. and international organizations, including a recent project on space applications with the OECD. He is the co-editor of Space Economics (AIAA 1992). Selected other publications include a study of the issues for privatizing the Space Shuttle (2000), an analysis of the value of information from better weather forecasts, an analysis of sovereignty and property rights published in the Journal of International Law (University of Chicago, 2005), and an economic analysis of the space launch vehicle industry (2005). Dr. Hertzfeld has also edited and prepared a new edition of the Study Guide and Case Book for Managerial Economics (Sixth Edition, W.W. Norton and Co.). Dr. Scott N. Pace is the Deputy Assistant to the President and Executive Secretary of the National Space Council (NSpC). He joined the NSpC in August 2017. From 2008-2017, he was the Director of the Space Policy Institute and a Professor of the Practice of International Affairs at George Washington University’s Elliott School of International Affairs. From 2005-2008, he served as the Associate Administrator for Program Analysis and Evaluation at NASA. Prior to NASA, he was the Assistant Director for Space and Aeronautics in the White House Office of Science and Technology Policy. From 1993-2000, he worked for the RAND Corporation’s Science and Technology Policy Institute, and from 1990-1993, he served as the Deputy Director and Acting Director of the Office of Space Commerce, in the Office of the Deputy Secretary of the Department of Commerce. In 1980, he received a Bachelor of Science degree in Physics from Harvey Mudd College; in 1982, Masters degrees in Aeronautics and Astronautics and Technology and Policy from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology; and in 1989, a Doctorate in Policy Analysis from the RAND Graduate School.)-rahulpenu recut amrita AND little chance of being ratifi ed by the major space-faring nations. Solves the aff- their evidence.Hertzfeld and Pace 13 (, H. and Pace, S., 2013. International Cooperation on Human Lunar Heritage. ~online~ Cpb-us-e1.wpmucdn.com. Available at: https://cpb-us-e1.wpmucdn.com/blogs.gwu.edu/dist/7/314/files/2018/10/Hertzfeld-and-Pace-International-Cooperation-on-Human-Lunar-Heritage-t984sx.pdf ~Accessed 18 January 2022~ Dr. Hertzfeld is an expert in the economic, legal, and policy issues of space and advanced technological development. Dr. Hertzfeld holds a B.A. from the University of Pennsylvania, an M.A. from Washington University, and a Ph.D. degree in economics from Temple University. He also holds a J.D. degree from the George Washington University and is a member of the Bar in Pennsylvania and the District of Columbia. Dr. Hertzfeld joined the Space Policy Institute in 1992. His research projects have included studies on the privatization of the Space Shuttle, the economic benefits of NASA RandD expenditures, and the socioeconomic impacts of earth observation technologies. He teaches a course in Space Law and a course in microeconomics through the Economics Department at G.W. Dr. Hertzfeld has served as a Senior Economist and Policy Analyst at both NASA and the National Science Foundation, and has been a consultant to many U.S. and international organizations, including a recent project on space applications with the OECD. He is the co-editor of Space Economics (AIAA 1992). Selected other publications include a study of the issues for privatizing the Space Shuttle (2000), an analysis of the value of information from better weather forecasts, an analysis of sovereignty and property rights published in the Journal of International Law (University of Chicago, 2005), and an economic analysis of the space launch vehicle industry (2005). Dr. Hertzfeld has also edited and prepared a new edition of the Study Guide and Case Book for Managerial Economics (Sixth Edition, W.W. Norton and Co.). Dr. Scott N. Pace is the Deputy Assistant to the President and Executive Secretary of the National Space Council (NSpC). He joined the NSpC in August 2017. From 2008-2017, he was the Director of the Space Policy Institute and a Professor of the Practice of International Affairs at George Washington University’s Elliott School of International Affairs. From 2005-2008, he served as the Associate Administrator for Program Analysis and Evaluation at NASA. Prior to NASA, he was the Assistant Director for Space and Aeronautics in the White House Office of Science and Technology Policy. From 1993-2000, he worked for the RAND Corporation’s Science and Technology Policy Institute, and from 1990-1993, he served as the Deputy Director and Acting Director of the Office of Space Commerce, in the Office of the Deputy Secretary of the Department of Commerce. In 1980, he received a Bachelor of Science degree in Physics from Harvey Mudd College; in 1982, Masters degrees in Aeronautics and Astronautics and Technology and Policy from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology; and in 1989, a Doctorate in Policy Analysis from the RAND Graduate School.)-rahulpenu recut amrita AND important role of national laws to implement and enforce these international space agreements. | 2/18/22 |
JANFEB - CP - CILTournament: Berkeley | Round: 3 | Opponent: Marlborough MJ | Judge: Khamani Griffin 5States ought to:—Announce that appropriation of outer space by private actors violates the Outer Space Treaty and that this is a settled matter of customary international law—Announce that this action is taken pursuant to opinio juris (the belief that the action is taken pursuant to a legal obligation) and that non-compliant actors are in violation of international law—Fully comply, not appropriating outer space in a manner inconsistent with these proclamationsSolves the Aff.Fabio Tronchetti 8. Dr. Fabio Tronchetti works as a Co-Director of the Institute of Space Law and Strategy and as a Zhuoyue Associate Professor at Beihang University, "The Non–Appropriation Principle as a Structural Norm of International Law: A New Way of Interpreting Article II of the Outer Space Treaty," Air and Space Law, Volume 33, No 3, 2008, https://kluwerlawonline.com/journalarticle/Air+and+Space+Law/33.3/AILA2008021, RJP, DebateDrills. AND of a special character, namely ‘a structural norm’ of international law. That competes —- they defend a treaty as normal meansWe solve better, since CIL is far superior to treaties for space AND causes follow-on.Koplow, 9 – Professor of Law, Georgetown University Law Center. AND ) edifice of international regulation of ASATs based simply on what countries do. | 2/20/22 |
JANFEB - CP - IndiaTournament: Berkeley | Round: 3 | Opponent: Marlborough MJ | Judge: Khamani Griffin CP: : States ought to adopt a global commons as per the aff except for private entities registered within The Republic of India.The Republic of India should limit the Indian Space Research Organization’s market share to 7.5Private appropriation for Indian private entities is key for investor confidence.Sen 20 ~Nilanjan Sen, who is an experienced lawyer, specialising in International Law and Arbitration, 07-26-2020,Business Insider,https://www.businessinsider.in/science/space/news/the-fault-in-our-stars-indias-bid-at-privatizing-space/articleshow/77182064.cms, 12-7-2021 amrita~ AND parties will have little to nil returns, far less any substantive protection. Investor confidence is necessary for strong Indian private space-tech—that spills over, boosts Indian military heg, and turns case.Prasad 16 ~Narayan Prasad has a Master of Space and Telecommunications Law, May 2016, National Academy of Legal Studies and Research University of Law Hyderabad, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/305402089'A'POLICY'REVIEW'TOWARDS'THE'DEVELOPMENT'OF'A'SPACE'INDUSTRY'ECOSYSTEM'IN'INDIA/link/578dbd2908ae5c86c9a65d05/download, 12-8-2021 amrita~ AND applications, complementing the societal benefits motivation currently being pursued by the government. Indian space military heg checks and limits Chinese heg in the Indo-Pacific.Bommakanti 7-15-20~Kartik Bommakanti is a Fellow with the Strategic Studies Programme. Kartik specialises in space military issues and his research is primarily centred on the Indo-Pacific region. He also works on emerging technologies as well as nuclear, conventional and sub-conventional coercion, particularly in the context of the Indian subcontinent and the role of great powers in the subcontinent’s strategic dynamics. He has published in peer reviewed journals., The enduring significance of space weapons for India, 7-15-2020,ORF,https://www.orfonline.org/expert-speak/the-enduring-significance-of-space-weapons-for-india/, 12-8-2021 amrita~ AND remains unduly restrained in the testing, integration and deployment of space weapons. China heg is revisionist and offensive— in the Indo-Pacific that causes draw-in.Brands 19 ~Hal Brands is the Henry A. Kissinger Distinguished Professor of Global Affairs at the Johns Hopkins School of Advanced International Studies, a senior fellow at the Center for Strategic and Budgetary Assessments. Zack Cooper is a research fellow at the American Enterprise Institute, an associate at Armitage International, and an adjunct assistant professor at Georgetown University, "After the Responsible Stakeholder, What? Debating America’s China Strategy." Texas National Security Review. Volume 2, Issue 2. February 2019k https://tnsr.org/2019/02/after-the-responsible-stakeholder-what-debating-americas-china-strategy-2/ 12-10-2021 amrita~ AND policymakers have come to see all three of these interests as being imperiled. That goes nuclear— extinction :/Hayes 18 ~Peter John Hayes is the Executive Director of the Nautilus Institute for Security and Sustainability, a non-governmental policy-oriented research and advocacy group. He graduated from the University of Melbourne with a degree in History, and from University of California, Berkeley with a Ph.D. in energy and resources. ~#gobears, Trump and the Interregnum of American Nuclear Hegemony, November 8, 2018. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/25751654.2018.1532525 recut 12-10-2021 amrita~ AND second time, less so, the third time, the new normal. | 2/20/22 |
JANFEB - CP - Lunar ObservatoryTournament: Cal RR | Round: 6 | Opponent: Ayala AM | Judge: Julian Kuffour, Jared Burke CP: Spacefaring nations should create a multilateral agreement to establish a Lunar-Earth observatory.The tech exists and we have 0 need for moon bases- no need for this cruddy link chain.They have ZERO evidence that we need lunar bases to establish an observatory. Lunar bases would require life systems because people live there- this observatory does not. Yikes yikes yikes AND on the Moon have a periodicity of a month rather than several hours. | 2/18/22 |
JANFEB - CP - Nasa LHSTournament: Cal RR | Round: 6 | Opponent: Ayala AM | Judge: Julian Kuffour, Jared Burke CP: Private entities should fully agree with and comply with the LHS guidelines set by NASA.Prevents exploitation of LHS but still allows for private appropriation- means it competes and solves every scenario bc we ensure regulation. Your author.OSTP 18 Office of Science and Technology Policy March 2018 "PROTECTING and PRESERVING APOLLO PROGRAM LUNAR LANDING SITES and ARTIFACTS" (The Office of Science and Technology Policy is a department of the United States government, part of the Executive Office of the President, established by United States Congress on May 11, 1976, with a broad mandate to advise the President on the effects of science and technology on domestic and international affairs.)Elmer recut amrita AND S.) have already announced their intentions to follow NASA’s LHS Technical Guidelines. | 2/18/22 |
JANFEB - CP - PCATournament: Cal RR | Round: 7 | Opponent: Sequoia AS | Judge: Gordon Krauss, Wesley Loufbourrow States should:establish a national space policy declaring disputes over international space law and policy should be resolved via compulsory and binding arbitration through the Permanent Court of Arbitration (PCA).Submit private entities ought not appropriate outer space via large satellite constellations in lower earth orbit for binding arbitration through the PCA pursuant to the Optional Rules for the Arbitration of Disputes Relating to Outer Space Activities.not shirk full compliance with the tribunal’s rulings on matters relating to outer space activities.That establishes compulsory jurisdiction over the plan via the PCA, using the new Optional Space Rules—this is especially beneficial when relating to private agents.Kilgore 18 – Experienced international law and dispute mediation attorney, writing for the trade publication of the Federal Bar Susan Cone Kilgore, Attorney advising clients on international law issues and dispute mediation with the Leeser Law Firm PLLC, Former adjunct professor of law with the University of Houston Law Center, over 30 years of legal experience, primarily in various federal government positions including trying numerous federal cases and serving as Assistant United States Attorney for the Western District of Texas, former General Counsel for a telecommunications provider, former FBA vice president for the Fourth Circuit, Arbitration Rules for Disputes Arising from Outer Space Activity, The Federal Lawyer - Federal Bar Association, March 2018, http://www.fedbar.org/Resources'1/Federal-Lawyer-Magazine/2018/March/Features/Arbitration-Rules-for-Disputes-Arising-from-Outer-Space-Activity.aspx?FT=.pdf recut 2-15-2022 amrita AND actors—and the various sources of law that affect space activities.24 Solves and establishes effective PCA arbitration for space—they’ll agree with the plan, which solves the aff, but allow the effectiveness of PCA arbitration to be established for outer space.Goh 7 – Associate Prof of Law-Nat’l U of Singapore Dr. Gérardine Meishan Goh, Adjunct Associate Professor, Faculty of Law- National University of Singapore, Dispute Settlement in International Space Law: A Multi-Door Courthouse for Outer Space, Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, 2007, book accessible at https://openaccess.leidenuniv.nl/bitstream/handle/1887/11860/Thesis.pdf?sequence=10 recut 12-15-2022 amrita AND the efficacy, relevance and evolution of the framework of international space law. Strong arbitration framework solves war.Sievert and Norris 18 – Professors of International Affairs and Chinese Foreign Policy at the Bush School-Texas AandM Ronald Sievert, Associate Professor of the Practice and Director of the Certificate in Advanced International Affairs Program in the Bush School of Government and Public Service at Texas AandM University, and William Norris, associate professor of Chinese foreign and security policy at the Bush School and former associate focused on US-China escalation risks with the Nuclear Policy Program at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, ed. by Catesby Holmes, Global Affairs Editor—The Conversation, Arbitration as a way out of the North Korean crisis, 2018, https://theconversation.com/arbitration-as-a-way-out-of-the-north-korean-crisis-91899 AND of unpalatable options. It is certainly far better than a disastrous war. | 2/18/22 |
JANFEB - DA - Arms RaceTournament: Cal RR | Round: 2 | Opponent: Southlake Carroll EP | Judge: Courtney Coffman, Parth Shah 4China views resources in space as key to foreign policy iniativesBlair, Yali, 19, 03/2019, "The Space Security Dilemma", Bruce G. Blair is the President of the World Security Institute. He was a project director at the Congressional Office of Technology Assessment and a senior fellow in the Foreign Policy Studies Program at the Brookings Institution from 1987-2000. Mr. Blair is the author of numerous articles and books on security issues including the Logic of Accidental Nuclear War and Global Zero Alert for Nuclear Forces. He is presently completing a new book on U.S. nuclear policy.sChen Yali is the editor-in-chief of Washington Observer. She is also a Program Manager of Chen Shi China Research Group based in Beijing. Chen worked for China Daily as a reporter and opinion writer on politics and international affairs between 1994 and 2000, URL: https://www.globalzero.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/BB'Editors-Notes-Space-Security-Dilemma'2006.pdf, KR AND have led other space-faring nations to choose satellites for this mission. The plan forces China to respond since they can’t pursue resources – that form of militarization creates arms control and escalation crisesBlair, Yali, 19, 03/2019, "The Space Security Dilemma", Bruce G. Blair is the President of the World Security Institute. He was a project director at the Congressional Office of Technology Assessment and a senior fellow in the Foreign Policy Studies Program at the Brookings Institution from 1987-2000. Mr. Blair is the author of numerous articles and books on security issues including the Logic of Accidental Nuclear War and Global Zero Alert for Nuclear Forces. He is presently completing a new book on U.S. nuclear policy.sChen Yali is the editor-in-chief of Washington Observer. She is also a Program Manager of Chen Shi China Research Group based in Beijing. Chen worked for China Daily as a reporter and opinion writer on politics and international affairs between 1994 and 2000, URL: https://www.globalzero.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/BB'Editors-Notes-Space-Security-Dilemma'2006.pdf, KR AND multinational treaty calling for all countries to stop future production of such materials. Turns aff war impacts and hyper-escalate their conflict scenarios since other states have incentives to match China | 2/18/22 |
JANFEB - DA - CyberattacksTournament: Cal RR | Round: 7 | Opponent: Sequoia AS | Judge: Gordon Krauss, Wesley Loufbourrow Cyber-attacks on critical infrastructure are coming now.Underwood 20 ~Kimberly Underwood, 6-24-2020, "China is Retooling, and Russia Seeks Harm to Critical Infrastructure," SIGNAL Magazine, https://www.afcea.org/content/china-retooling-and-russia-seeks-harm-critical-infrastructure~~ ~pT~ AND , think about that buying kit and buying operations. That is significant." Mega constellations function as critical infrastructure that increase resiliency and protect against cyberattacks.Hallex and Cottom 20 ~Matthew A. Hallex is a Research Staff Member at the Institute for Defense Analyses. Travis S. Cottom is a Research Associate at the Institute for Defense Analyses. "Proliferated Commercial Satellite Constellations: Implications for National Security." 2020. https://ndupress.ndu.edu/Portals/68/Documents/jfq/jfq-97/jfq-97'20-29'Hallex-Cottom.pdf?ver=2020-03-31-130614-940~~ ~pT~ AND replace systems lost during a conflict in space would be readily available.31 Cyberattacks cause extinction – false warnings, stealing nukes, and introducing vulnerability.Moniz et al. 18 ~Ernest J. Moniz, Sam Nunn, and Des Browne, September 2018, "Nuclear Weapons in the New Cyber Age," https://media.nti.org/documents/Cyber'report'finalsmall.pdf~~ ~pT~ AND in traditionally survivable systems, such as submarines or mobile missile launchers.4 | 2/18/22 |
JANFEB - DA - HorsetradingTournament: Cal RR | Round: 6 | Opponent: Ayala AM | Judge: Julian Kuffour, Jared Burke The plan requires clarifying international space law—-causes strategic bargaining to extract concessionsAlexander William Salter 16, Assistant Professor of Economics, Rawls College of Business, Texas Tech University, "SPACE DEBRIS: A LAW AND ECONOMICS ANALYSIS OF THE ORBITAL COMMONS", 19 STAN. TECH. L. REV. 221 (2016), https://law.stanford.edu/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/19-2-2-salter-final'0.pdf AND secure a global response to a global commons problem are potentially quite high. The US will use that opportunity to push Artemis Accords and bilateralization – undermines multilateral space law.Wall 20 – Senior Space Writer with Space.com, former herpetologist and wildlife biologist, Ph.D. in evolutionary biology from the University of Sydney, Australia; citing Boley (Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver) and Byers (Department of Political Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver) AND somewhat careless and chaotic fashion in the not-too-distant future. That returns space to might-makes-right imperial conflict.O’Brien 20 – member of the International Institute of Space Law and founder of The Space Treaty Project, retired attorney and former member of the NASA-Hastings Law Project AND for peace and cooperation, is about to be spoiled, perhaps forever. Goes nuclear – space conflict is uniquely escalatory.Farley 22 – PhD, Senior Lecturer at the Patterson School at the University of Kentucky AND warfighters to consider critical military infrastructure off-limits in any particular conflict. | 2/18/22 |
JANFEB - DA - Lunar MiningTournament: Cal RR | Round: 6 | Opponent: Ayala AM | Judge: Julian Kuffour, Jared Burke Private companies are set to mine in space – new tech and profit motives make space lucrativeGilbert 21, (Alex Gilbert is a complex systems researcher and PhD student in Space Resources at the Colorado School of Mines, "Mining in Space is Coming"), 4-26-21, Milken Institute Review, https://www.milkenreview.org/articles/mining-in-space-is-coming MNHS NL AND to as much as $1 trillion by 2040 as private investment soars. Private entities on the moon key to lunar miningDreier 20~Casey Dreier, chief advocate and senior space policy adviser at the Planetary Society, wrote on Twitter that the importance of Nasa’s announcement is "not so much the financial incentive (which is tiny) but in establishing the legal precedent that private companies can collect and sell celestial materials (with the explicit blessing of NASA/U.S. gov)". 9-11-2020, "Nasa is looking for private companies to help mine the moon," https://www.theguardian.com/science/2020/sep/11/nasa-moon-mining-private-companies~~ AND (with the explicit blessing of NASA/U.S. gov)". Squo private companies are willing to invest, but the plan crosses a perception barrier which destroys investmentShaw 13 - Lauren E, J.D. from Chapman University School of Law, "Asteroids, the New Western Frontier: Applying Principles of the General Mining Law of 1872 to Incentive Asteroid Mining", JOURNAL OF AIR LAW AND COMMERCE, Volume 78, Issue 1, Article 2, https://scholar.smu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1307andcontext=jalc recut MNHS NL AND that hit the Earth after the crust cooled during the planet's formation.' Space mining is the only way to solve climate changeDuran 21, (Paloma Duran is a journalist and industry analyst at Mexico Business News, "Is Space Mining the Best Option to Face Climate Change?"), 11-03-21, Mexico Business News, https://mexicobusiness.news/mining/news/space-mining-best-option-face-climate-change MNHS NL AND Jeff Bezos, Founder of Amazon and the Space Launch Provider Blue Origin. Anthropogenic warming causes extinction —- mitigation efforts now are keyGriffin, 2015 (David, Professor of Philosophy at Claremont, "The climate is ruined. So can civilization even survive?", CNN, 4/14/2015, http://www.cnn.com/2015/01/14/opinion/co2-crisis-griffin/ ) AND the whole world to replace dirty energy with clean as soon as possible. | 2/18/22 |
JANFEB - DA - PLATournament: Cal RR | Round: 7 | Opponent: Sequoia AS | Judge: Gordon Krauss, Wesley Loufbourrow Xi is consolidating unprecedented political power – that’s only possible with strong PLA supportChang 21 ~Gordon G. Chang, 1-14-2021, "China is becoming a military state," Newsweek, https://www.newsweek.com/china-becoming-military-state-opinion-1561300~~ AND his power," Burton says. "China is becoming a military state." The plan alienates the PLA – they view satellite constellations as the linchpin of China’s legitimacy – specifically, public-private tech development is keyEconomic Times 20 ~The Economic Times, 8-31-2020, "China attempting to militarise space as it seeks to modernise its military power," Economic Times, https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/defence/china-attempting-to-militarise-space-as-it-seeks-to-modernise-its-military-power/articleshow/77851406.cms?from=mdr~~ AND space operations." The PLASSF Network Systems Department probably oversees satellite jamming operations. That factionalizes the CCP and emboldens challenges to Xi – the PLA is increasingly powerful and not unconditionally subservientSimpson 16 ~Kurtis Simpson, 12-21-2016, "China’s Re-Emergence: Assessing Civilian-Military Relations In Contemporary Era – Analysis", Eurasia Review~ AND line for government largess, support for Xi could erode very quickly.29 Extinction.Perkinson 12 ~Jessica Perkinson, 2012-06-14 "The Potential for Instability in the PRC: How the Doomsday Theory Misses the Mark", American University~ AND , particularly in a time of such uncertain economic conditions within the US. | 2/18/22 |
JANFEB - DA - StarshipTournament: Cal RR | Round: 7 | Opponent: Sequoia AS | Judge: Gordon Krauss, Wesley Loufbourrow Space colonization only happens because of market demand from Starship – and our ev indicates the field is booming but on the brinkMaidenberg, 21, 12/28/21, WSJ, "SpaceX’s Future Depends on a Gigantic Rocket and 42,000 Internet Satellites", He reports on longtime and newer space companies, as well as issues tied to the safe operation of commercial planes and other aircraft. As part of his work, he focuses on government agencies such as the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA). Prior to his current role, Micah worked as a breaking news reporter for the Journal and the Dow Jones Newswires. He began writing about business and economic issues for Crain’s Chicago Business, where he reported on real estate, manufacturing and transportation beats. He also completed an investigative-reporting fellowship at the Columbia University School of Journalism, where he earned a Master's degree. URL: https://www.wsj.com/articles/spacexs-future-depends-on-a-gigantic-rocket-and-42-000-internet-satellites-11640687404, KR AND is much larger than the size of the launch market, investors say. Specifically, Starship from spaceX is the most prominent solutionO’Callaghan, 21, 12/7/21, MIT Review, "How SpaceX’s massive Starship rocket might unlock the solar system—and beyond", Jonathan O'Callaghan is a freelance space journalist based in London, UK who covers commercial spaceflight, astrophysics, and space exploration. URL: https://www.technologyreview.com/2021/12/07/1041420/spacex-starship-rocket-solar-system-exploration/, KR AND moon and Mars as refueling stations, an ambitious future envisioned by Musk. Space exploration solves extinction and endless resource wars.Collins 10 ~Patrick Collins, professor of economics at Azabu University in Japan, and a Collaborating Researcher with the Institute for Space and Astronautical Science, as well as adviser to a number of companies, Adriano V. Autino is President of the Space Renaissance International; Manager, CEO/CTO, Systems Engineering Consultant / Trainer at Andromeda Systems Engineering LLC; and Supplier of methodological tools and consultancy at Intermarine S.p.A, Acta Astronautica, Volume 66, Issues 11–12, June–July 2010, "What the growth of a space tourism industry could contribute to employment, economic growth, environmental protection, education, culture and world peace", Pages 1553–1562~ AND to be achievable only through the development of a vigorous space tourism industry. | 2/18/22 |
JANFEB - DA - Xi LashoutTournament: Cal RR | Round: 2 | Opponent: Southlake Carroll EP | Judge: Courtney Coffman, Parth Shah 2Space domination is central to Xi’s vision of China – his leadership and regime depends upon a substantial victory against the United States in the space race.Shepherd and Kygne 21 ~James Kynge is global China editor, based in Hong Kong. He is also editor of ~#techAsia, the leading newsletter on new Asian tech themes that covers the whole region including China, India, south-east Asia and Japan. Christian Shepherd is a former Beijing correspondent.~ "China’s ambitions in space: national pride or taking on the Americans?," May 8th, 2021, https://www.ft.com/content/8a6bb0c0-9a6f-46c0-8438-48984c5e32dc**, VM AND says Mark Hilborne, an expert in defence studies at King’s College London." Reduction of space programs specifically hurts China’s goalFabian ‘19~Christopher David Fabian – written as part of the author’s completion of a Masters in Science (Space Studies) from the University of North Dakota. Fabian holds a BA from the US Air Force Academy and was a Captain in the SPCS - a space control unit tasked with providing 24/7 support to the space sensor network (SSN), maintaining the space catalog and managing United States Strategic Command’s (USSTRATCOM) space situational awareness (SSA) sharing program to United States, foreign government, and commercial entities. The author’s thesis was Chaired and overseen by field expert Dr. Michael S. Dodge. Dodge currently serves as an Assistant Professor and Director of Graduate Studies in the Department of Space Studies at the University of North Dakota. Prior to joining the faculty at UND, Prof. Dodge was Research Counsel and Law Instructor at the University of Mississippi School of Law's program in Air and Space Law. Before teaching at UoM Law, Prof. Dodge received his LL.M. degree in Aviation and Space Law from McGill University in the Fall of 2011 (thesis: "Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) and the GPS-Galileo Agreement"). Before attending McGill, he obtained his J.D. in 2008 from the University of Mississippi School of Law, where he was also the first recipient of the Certificate in Remote Sensing, Air, and Space Law. He obtained dual degrees in B.S. (in Biological Sciences) and B.A. (in Philosophy) in 2005, from the University of Southern Mississippi. – "A Neoclassical Realist’s Analysis Of Sino-U.S. Space Policy" - May 2019 –~#EandF - https://commons.und.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=3456andcontext=theses~~ AND a quick reference comparing U.S. and Chinese space assets. 157 That’s key to strength and legitimacyPerlez 17 ~Jane Perlez and Chris Buckley, 1-24-2017, citing Paul Haenle, Director of the Carnegie-Tsinghua Center for Global Policy in Beijing, also served as China director for the National Security Council under Presidents Bush and Obama, and Minxin Pei, cited above. "Trump Injects High Risk Into Relations With China," New York Times, https://www.nytimes.com/2017/01/24/world/asia/trump-us-china-trade-trans-pacific-partnership.html~~ AND pressure from outside, Chinese officials tend to rally around the top leader." Taiwan warNorris, 17 — Texas AandM Chinese foreign and security policy professor AND with Taiwan, virulent anti-Americanism, and financial collapse and contagion. Goes nuclear – intermingled assets guarantee use-or-lose pressures.Talmadge 18 – Associate Professor of Security Studies at the Edmund A. Walsh School of Foreign Service at Georgetown University, this essay is adapted from "Would China Go Nuclear? Assessing the Risk of Chinese Nuclear Escalation in a Conventional War with the United States," International Security, Spring 2017 AND have considered unthinkable only months earlier. This pattern could unfold again today. | 2/18/22 |
JANFEB - K - SecurityTournament: Cal RR | Round: 2 | Opponent: Southlake Carroll EP | Judge: Courtney Coffman, Parth Shah 3AMRITA IS THE FREAKING BEST COACH EVER - arnav Threats are constructed – their security discourse creates a self fulfilling prophecy that makes true understanding of structural causes behind "threats" impossible.Mack 91: Dr. Mack, professor at Harvard Medical School, 1991, (John E., "The Psychodynamics of International Relationships" Vol 1 p. 58-59) AND motives and we never labor to asses his will with anything approaching objectivity." Securitization of China is a form of American hegemony that attempts to create American identity- they are a police force that sustains itself by doing good under the guise of the ambiguous threat of the evil Others but that’s why tense relations happen.Solomon 15 ~Ty Solomon is a prof @ international relations @ UofGlasgow, The Politics of Subjectivity in American Foreign Policy Discourses, pp. 210-211, 1-23-2019 amrita~ AND , yet the fantasy implicit in these signifiers merely covers over a lack. Their security discourse causes genocide and interventionism in the name of cleansing the world of violent "others"Friis 2k - Friis, UN Sector at the Norwegian Institute of International Affairs, 2k, (Karsten, Peace and Conflict Studies 7.2, "From Liminars to Others: Securitization Through Myths," http://shss.nova.edu/pcs/journalsPDF/V7N2.pdf~~#page=2). NS AND on behalf of the natural and eternal, where truth is never questioned. The alternative is to reject securitization – this opens up space for emancipatory political engagement.Neocleous: ~Mark, Professor of the Critique of Political Economy; Head of Department of Politics and History Brunel Univ, Critique of Security, 185-6~ AND
Representations must precede policy discussion – they determine what is politically thinkable.Crawford 02 — Neta, PhD MA MIT, BA Brown, Prof. of poli sci at boston univ. Argument and Change in World Politics, p. 19-21 AND entrepreneurs without serious political wrangling." Hence framing is a meta-argument. | 2/18/22 |
JANFEB - K - Security v2Tournament: Berkeley | Round: 3 | Opponent: Marlborough MJ | Judge: Khamani Griffin Threats are constructed – their security discourse creates a self fulfilling prophecy that makes true understanding of structural causes behind "threats" impossible.Mack 91: Dr. Mack, professor at Harvard Medical School, 1991, (John E., "The Psychodynamics of International Relationships" Vol 1 p. 58-59) AND motives and we never labor to asses his will with anything approaching objectivity." Fear of nuclear war assigns blame to an "unstable" enemy.Mack: John E. Mack, M.D. "The Enemy System (Short Version)" johnemackinstitute.org/1988/08/the-enemy-system-short-version/ AND as soon as it was already built, then we would have war". Their security discourse causes genocide and interventionism in the name of cleansing the world of violent "others"Friis 2k - Friis, UN Sector at the Norwegian Institute of International Affairs, 2k, (Karsten, Peace and Conflict Studies 7.2, "From Liminars to Others: Securitization Through Myths," http://shss.nova.edu/pcs/journalsPDF/V7N2.pdf~~#page=2). NS AND on behalf of the natural and eternal, where truth is never questioned. The alternative is to reject securitization – this opens up space for emancipatory political engagement.Neocleous: ~Mark, Professor of the Critique of Political Economy; Head of Department of Politics and History Brunel Univ, Critique of Security, 185-6~ AND
Representations must precede policy discussion – they determine what is politically thinkable.Crawford 02 — Neta, PhD MA MIT, BA Brown, Prof. of poli sci at boston univ. Argument and Change in World Politics, p. 19-21 AND entrepreneurs without serious political wrangling." Hence framing is a meta-argument. | 2/20/22 |
JANFEB - T - Extra TTournament: Berkeley | Round: 3 | Opponent: Marlborough MJ | Judge: Khamani Griffin Interpretation: The affirmative may only generate offense from an action that makes the appropriation of outer space by private entities illegal."Appropriation" means to take as property – prefer our definition since it’s contextual to spaceLeon 18 (Amanda M., Associate, Caplin and Drysdale, JD UVA Law) "Mining for Meaning: An Examination of the Legality of Property Rights in Space Resources." Virginia Law Review, vol. 104, no. 3, May 2018, p. 497-547. HeinOnline. AND though, by expanding the prohibition to other types not explicitly described.168 This means affs can only affect the taking of property in outer space by private entities.Violation- So many violationsOnly 1 of 5 tenets in the CHP is about appropriation. The plan’s full defense of the common heritage of manking exceeds that. Our ev has an intent to define each tenet as legally distinct.Oduntan 05, (Gbenga Oduntan is a sociolegal scholar and critical legal studies academic. His recent major research works include: International Law and African Boundary Disputes London: Routledge (2015); Sovereignty, Jurisdiction, in the Airspace and Outer space: Legal Criteria for Spatial Delimitation. Routledge-Cavendish (October 2011). Imagine There Are No Possessions: Legal And Moral Basis Of The Common Heritage Principle In Space Law. Manchester Journal of International Economic Law, 2 (1). pp. 30-59. ISSN 1742-3945. (2005)) AND ) That the area be preserved for future generations in perpetual succession.48 The CHM also constrains states in addition to private entities.Vote Neg:Limits- Explodes topic mechanisms to include any action that modifies space treaties because it could affect appropriation and opens the floodgates to every possible state cooperation advantage. Future gens, weaponization, Law of Armed Conflict, burden sharing, and regime construction all become viable aff ground which explodes the neg prep burden.CI | 2/20/22 |
JANFEB - T - NebelTournament: Cal RR | Round: 2 | Opponent: Southlake Carroll EP | Judge: Courtney Coffman, Parth Shah 1Interpretation – the aff may not defend that the appropriation of outer space by a certain set of private entities is unjust.Entities is a generic bare pluralNebel 20 ~Jake Nebel is an assistant professor of philosophy at the University of Southern California and executive director of Victory Briefs. He writes a lot of this stuff lol – duh.~ "Indefinite Singular Generics in Debate" Victory Briefs, 19 August 2020. no url AG AND This suggests that "a democracy" in the resolution is not existential. It applies to this topic – a~ entities is an existential bare plural bc it has no determiner b~ The sentence "The appropriation of outer space by private entities is unjust" does not imply "the appropriation of outer space by private and public entities is unjust"Violation – they spec Chinese private entitiesStandards1~ Limits – they can spec infinite different entities like spaceX, etc.. - that’s supercharged by the ability to spec combinations of types of entities. This takes out functional limits – it’s impossible for me to research every possible combination of entities, governments, and appropriation.2~ TVA solves – just read your aff as an advantage to a whole rez aff – we don’t stop them from reading new FWs, mechanisms or advantages. PICs aren’t aff offense – a~ it’s ridiculous to say that neg potential abuse justifies the aff being non-T b~ There’s only a small number of pics on this topic c~ PICs incentivize them to write better affs that can generate solvency deficits to PICsCompeting interps | 2/18/22 |
JANFEB - T - NebelTournament: Cal RR | Round: 7 | Opponent: Sequoia AS | Judge: Gordon Krauss, Wesley Loufbourrow Interpretation – the aff may not defend that a certain form of appropriation of outer space is unjust.Appropriation is a generic bare pluralNebel 20 ~Jake Nebel is an assistant professor of philosophy at the University of Southern California and executive director of Victory Briefs. He writes a lot of this stuff lol – duh.~ "Indefinite Singular Generics in Debate" Victory Briefs, 19 August 2020. no url AG AND This suggests that "a democracy" in the resolution is not existential. It applies to this topic – a~ appropriation is an existential bare plural bc it has no determiner b~ The sentence "The appropriation of outer space by private entities is unjust" does not imply "the usage of outer space by private entities is unjust"Violation – they spec large satellite constellationsStandards1~ Limits – they can spec infinite different types of appropriation like LEO sats, moon, asteroids etc, etc.. - that’s supercharged by the ability to spec combinations of types of entities. This takes out functional limits – it’s impossible for me to research every possible combination of entities, governments, and appropriation.2~ TVA solves – just read your aff as an advantage to a whole rez aff – we don’t stop them from reading new FWs, mechanisms or advantages. PICs aren’t aff offense – a~ it’s ridiculous to say that neg potential abuse justifies the aff being non-T b~ There’s only a small number of pics on this topic c~ PICs incentivize them to write better affs that can generate solvency deficits to PICsCI | 2/18/22 |
JANFEB - T - Outer SpaceTournament: Cal RR | Round: 6 | Opponent: Ayala AM | Judge: Julian Kuffour, Jared Burke Interpretation- The affirmative must defend the appropriation of outer space by private entities is unjust.Outer space doesn’t include celestial bodies-Science Daily ~Outer Space. Science Daily. URL: https://www.sciencedaily.com/terms/outer'space.htm~~ JV AND density of particles, predominantly hydrogen gas, as well as electromagnetic radiation. Violation- they defend Lunar heritage sites which aren’t a part of outer space.Standards-1~ Limits- By extending the term outer space they have access to an infinite amount of aff which the neg could never make up for. Even now, the definition of the term outer space leaves vagueness for the neg, but their extension makes it impossible to negative. Limits are key to proper clash and education which are the only impacts that matter.2~ Precision – the resolution is the only stable locust of prep – taking that away decks our ability to prep and independently wrecks groundVoters-Fairness and education are voters – debate’s a game that needs rules to evaluate it and education gives us portable skills for life like research and thinking.Precision o/w – anything else justifies the aff arbitrarily jettisoning words in the resolution at their whim which decks negative ground and preparation because the aff is no longer bounded by the resolution.Drop the debater – a) they have a 7-6 rebuttal advantage and the 2ar to make args I can’t respond to, b) it deters future abuse and sets a positive norm.Use competing interps – a) reasonability invites arbitrary judge intervention since we don’t know your bs meter, b) collapses to competing interps – we justify 2 brightlines under an offense defense paradigm just like 2 interps.Condo good – it’s key to negative flexibility and testing the affirmative from multiple different angles which dispo and uncondo cant doNo RVIs – they incentivize baiting theory | 2/18/22 |
NOVDEC - DA - PoliticsTournament: Apple Valley | Round: 2 | Opponent: Oxford VM | Judge: Animesh Joshi Biden’s reconciliation bill passes now but compromises are delicateCaygle and Everett 10/20 (Heather and Burgess, Congress reporters at Politico) "Dems edge closer to ditching disarray" https://www.politico.com/news/2021/10/20/dems-edge-closer-ditching-disarray-516312 EE, DebateDrills AND if we make significant progress, that'll also be success towards those ends." The plan gets lumped in with the reconciliation bill and causes conflictMueller 09/21/2021 (Eleanor, labor reporter) "Unions squeeze pro-labor priorities into Democrats’ spending bill" Politico, https://www.politico.com/news/2021/09/21/unions-reconciliation-bill-513423 EE, DebateDrills AND vehicle for the labor provisions since they were introduced in the PRO Act. Infrastructure only passes if reconciliation doesCochrane et al 10/18/2021 (Emily Cochrane, Luke Broadwater, and Jonathan Weisman, NYT reporters) Biden Meets With Feuding Democrats and Expresses Confidence a Deal Can Be Reached, https://www.nytimes.com/live/2021/10/01/us/infrastructure-bill-house~~#house-infrastructure-delay-vote EE, DebateDrills AND Biden "was very clear" that the two bills were tied together. Failure of the infrastructure package locks in catastrophic climate change—-extinctionPaul Bledsoe 9/4, strategic adviser at the Progressive Policy Institute and a professorial lecturer at American University’s Center for Environmental Policy. He served on the White House Climate Change Task Force under former President Bill Clinton, "Climate devastation is upon us. Congress must act.," NY Daily News, 9-4-2021, https://www.nydailynews.com/opinion/ny-oped-climate-congress-20210904-mqbe75qni5b77ocke5orzrmjce-story.html?outputType=amp AND all of those who come after us to a devastated and denuded world. | 11/5/21 |
NOVDEC - T - ATournament: Apple Valley | Round: 2 | Opponent: Oxford VM | Judge: Animesh Joshi TInterp - The letter "A" is an indefinite article that modifies "just government" – the resolution must be proven true in all instances, not one particular instanceCCC Capital Community College ~a nonprofit 501 c-3 organization that supports scholarships, faculty development, and curriculum innovation~, "Articles, Determiners, and Quantifiers", http://grammar.ccc.commnet.edu/grammar/determiners/determiners.htm~~#articles AG AND the former (see beagle sentence) refers to all members of that class Violation – They spec the United StatesStandards:1~ Limits – they can spec 123 different governments - that’s supercharged by the ability to spec combinations of types of strikes. This takes out functional limits – it’s impossible for me to research every possible combination of the 195 countries and worker typesITUC 20, (International Trade Union Confederation, "World’s Worst Countries for Workers"), ITUC, 2020, https://www.ituc-csi.org/IMG/pdf/ituc'globalrightsindex'2020'en.pdf MNHS NL recut DD AG 2~ TVA solves – just read your aff as an advantage to a whole rez aff – we don’t stop them from reading new FWs, mechanisms or advantages. a~ it’s ridiculous to say that neg potential abuse justifies the aff being non-T b~ There’s only a small number of pics on this topic c~ PICs incentivize them to write better affs that can generate solvency deficits to PICsDrop the debater bc you can’t drop the arg on their advocacyNo rvis – they can dump on theory in the 1ar, chilling us from checking abuseCompeting interps – reasonability is arbtiary and causes race to the bottom | 11/5/21 |
SEPTOCT - CP - Patent PoolTournament: Nano Nagle | Round: 2 | Opponent: Sammamish LW | Judge: Nick Fleming CP Text – the member nations of the World Trade Organization ought to implement a patent pool for COVID-19 vaccinesThat solves access and boosts WTO legitimacy-Burrone et al 19 Esteban Burrone ~Member of Medicine Patent Pool~, corresponding authors Dzintars Gotham, Andy Gray, Kees de Joncheere, Nicola Magrini, Yehoda M Martei, Charles Gore, and Marie Paule Kienya, Jun 11 2019, "Patent pooling to increase access to essential medicines", NCBI, Bull World Health Organ 97(8) pp. 575-577, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6653814/ DD AG AND including a new fixed-dose combination, with the WHO prequalification programme. | 10/9/21 |
SEPTOCT - CP - PrizeTournament: Loyola | Round: 1 | Opponent: Prospect ST | Judge: Joey Georges Counterplan text: member nations of the WTO should establish a government-financed Pharmaceutical Innovation Fund, which will financially reward companies for therapeutic drugs, cost-reducing innovations, and reward those who prove patents to be invalid.That incentivizes better therapeutic drugs and boosts innovationHollis 04 AND of the total points allocated under (1) and (2). 21 Drug prices will drop significantlyHollis 04 AND , and gains in terms of saved lives would likely be very large. Perm fails – complete replacement of the patent system is fiscally impossible and drives down Innovation – only the CP’s compromise worksStevens and Ezell 20 AND focus their efforts elsewhere on countries that retained robust standards of IP protection. | 9/4/21 |
SEPTOCT - CP - ADMATournament: Valley | Round: 6 | Opponent: Ayala AM | Judge: Benjamin Morbeck CP Text – the United States of America shouldpass the Affordable Drug Manufacturing ActDonate all extra drugs to low-income countriesDedicate more money to innovationCreate a Pharma Innovation Fund to reward companies for therapeutic drugs, cost reducing innovations dan reward those who prove patents to be invalidADMA solves high pricesScott 18 Dylan Scott ~grew up in Ohio, lived in Las Vegas for a year and moved to Washington in 2011. I cover health care and other domestic policy.~, 12-20-2018, "Elizabeth Warren’s ambitious new bill to lower generic drug prices, explained," Vox, https://www.vox.com/policy-and-politics/2018/12/20/18146993/elizabeth-warren-2020-election-drug-prices-bill DD AG AND federal government to contract with private companies to do the actual drug producing. Drug prices will drop significantly bc of prizesHollis 04 AND , and gains in terms of saved lives would likely be very large. | 9/26/21 |
SEPTOCT - CP - Abolish WTOTournament: Loyola | Round: 6 | Opponent: Honor VD | Judge: Zac Clough Text:1. The World Trade Organization ought to be abolished.2. The following 164 countries listed in the speech doc ought to independently and without influence from international government ~opponent’s plan~Afghanistan AND its leading institutions, the World Trade Organization. We should abolish it. The WTO as an institution is unethical and perpetuates colonialismGodrej 20 AND world – were living on less than $5.50 a day. | 9/18/21 |
SEPTOCT - CP - AntitrustTournament: Valley | Round: 6 | Opponent: Ayala AM | Judge: Benjamin Morbeck Text: The member nations of the World Trade Organization ought to enforce antitrust laws against pharmaceutical companies blocking generic competition, ban pharmaceutical lobbying of doctors, and eliminate the suit immunity provided to doctors who use patented products.Solves without hurting innovationHolman 18 (Christopher M., Professor of Law @ University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Law) Inside Views: Why Follow-On Pharmaceutical Innovations Should Be Eligible For Patent Protection, 9/21/18, https://www.ip-watch.org/2018/09/21/follow-pharmaceutical-innovations-eligible-patent-protection/ EE AND rather than through what amounts to an attack on the patent system itself. | 9/26/21 |
SEPTOCT - CP - DonationsTournament: Valley | Round: 2 | Opponent: Edina JS | Judge: Chetan Hertzig Counterplan text: Member nations of the WTO shoulduse RandD subsidies to encourage pharmaceutical companies to grant confidential discounts to low-income countriesDonate all COVID vaccine doses to low- and middle-income countriesThat makes new drugs affordable and spurs innovationDanzon 07 AND pay in advance and bear the full risk of RandD failure. | 9/25/21 |
SEPTOCT - CP - Markush ClaimsTournament: Valley | Round: 6 | Opponent: Ayala AM | Judge: Benjamin Morbeck CP Text - The member nations of the World Trade Organization ought to reduce intellectual property protections for medicines by implementing a one-and-done approach for patent and exclusivity protection except for Markush claims.The PIC avoids the link to the innovation disadHolman 17 (Christopher M.,) In Defense of Secondary Pharmaceutical Patents: A Response to the UN's Guidelines for Pharmaceutical Patent Examination Professor of Law @ University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Law 5/12/17 http://journals.iupui.edu/index.php/inlawrev/article/view/21522 EE AND totally disregard the valid policy basis behind the allowance of Markush claims. 42 The counterplan competesHolman 17 (Christopher M.,) In Defense of Secondary Pharmaceutical Patents: A Response to the UN's Guidelines for Pharmaceutical Patent Examination Professor of Law @ University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Law 5/12/17 http://journals.iupui.edu/index.php/inlawrev/article/view/21522 EE AND 19 Brazil and South Africa are reportedly considering legislation along similar lines. 20 Secondary patents are key to pharmaceutical innovation – they read the impacts for usHolman 18 (Christopher M., Professor of Law @ University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Law) Inside Views: Why Follow-On Pharmaceutical Innovations Should Be Eligible For Patent Protection, 9/21/18, https://www.ip-watch.org/2018/09/21/follow-pharmaceutical-innovations-eligible-patent-protection/ EE bracketed for ableism AND poses a grave risk of greatly diminishing the pipeline of future medicinal breakthroughs. Stopping Evergreening kills patent innovationChristensen 20 ~Connor Christensen, "The Evergreen Forests of Insulin Patents", Awakenwfu, The Creative Journal of Contemporary Bioethics, 9-14-2020, https://awakenwfu.com/2020/09/14/the-evergreen-forests-of-insulin-patents/, accessed: 9-7-2021.~ CHSTM and Lex VM AND depriving people of life. | 9/26/21 |
SEPTOCT - CP - PIFTournament: Loyola | Round: 6 | Opponent: Honor VD | Judge: Zac Clough Counterplan text: ~Countries~ should establish a government-financed Pharmaceutical Innovation Fund, which will financially reward companies for therapeutic drugs, cost-reducing innovations, and reward those who prove patents to be invalid.That incentivizes better therapeutic drugs and boosts innovationHollis 04 AND of the total points allocated under (1) and (2). 21 Drug prices will drop significantlyHollis 04 AND , and gains in terms of saved lives would likely be very large. Perm fails – complete replacement of the patent system is fiscally impossible and drives down innovationStevens and Ezell 20 AND focus their efforts elsewhere on countries that retained robust standards of IP protection. | 9/18/21 |
SEPTOCT - CP - WTOTournament: Greenhill | Round: 2 | Opponent: Northland Christian LB | Judge: Varad Agarwala CPThe TRIPs Council should vote to reduce intellectual property protections for ~PLAN~, amending TRIPs to mandate the ~PLAN~The United States should:—Publicly rescind support for the WTO waiver— Veto this motion and refuse to complyThe remaining member nations should initiate proceedings against the United States through the World Trade Organization Dispute Settlement Body which ought to find against the United States. The United States ought to comply with this ruling.Counterplan competes —-1~ The plan has the "member nations" act individually, while the counterplan is the WTO through the Council and eventually the DSB.Collins Dictionary n.d. "member nations" RJP, DebateDrills https://www.collinsdictionary.com/us/dictionary/english/member-nations AND nation is an individual country considered together with its social and political structures. 2~ ImmediacyOught and should are used interchangeably.Anastasia Koltai 18. CEO of MyEnglishTeacher, "Difference Between Ought to and Should," MyEnglishTeacher, September 25, 2018, https://www.myenglishteacher.eu/blog/difference-between-ought-to-and-should/, RJP, DebateDrills. "Should" is immediateSummers 94 (Justice – Oklahoma Supreme Court, "Kelsey v. Dollarsaver Food Warehouse of Durant", 1994 OK 123, 11-8, http://www.oscn.net/applications/oscn/DeliverDocument.asp?CiteID=20287~~#marker3fn13) AND . 336, 337, 27 L.Ed. 201 (1882). The plan would require US companies to disclose information and waive IP protections—-the counterplan has the US resist to avoid political backlash, but that violates WTO disclosure requirements.Jorge Contreras 21. Presidential Scholar and Professor of Law at the University of Utah with an adjunct appointment in the Department of Human Genetics, JD @ Harvard, "US Support for a WTO Waiver of COVID-19 Intellectual Property – What Does it Mean?" Bill of Health Harvard Law, May 7, 2021, https://blog.petrieflom.law.harvard.edu/2021/05/07/wto-waiver-intellectual-property-covid/**, RJP, DebateDrills AND of trade secrets, where it would be met with significant internal opposition. DSB is underutilized currently but using it for major dispute settlement shores it up—-that’s key to combat Chinese IP violations.James Bacchus 18. Member of the Herbert A. Stiefel Center for Trade Policy Studies, the Distinguished University Professor of Global Affairs and director of the Center for Global Economic and Environmental Opportunity at the University of Central Florida. He was a founding judge and was twice the chairman—the chief judge—of the highest court of world trade, the Appellate Body of the World Trade Organization in Geneva, Switzerland. "How the World Trade Organization Can Curb China’s Intellectual Property Transgressions," CATO, March 22, 2018, https://www.cato.org/blog/how-world-trade-organization-can-curb-chinas-intellectual-property-transgressions, RJP, DebateDrills. AND and reduce a significant obstacle to mutually beneficial US-China relations. Stopping tech stealing is key to avoid warTimothy R. Heath 18. RAND Senior Defense and International Analyst, "Avoiding "Avoiding U.S.-China Competition Is Futile: Why the Best Option Is to Manage Strategic Rivalry"; Asia Policy; Vol 13 No 2; April 2018, RJP, DebateDrills AND is for the people of Asia to uphold the security of Asia."38 | 9/18/21 |
SEPTOCT - CP - mRNATournament: Greenhill | Round: 2 | Opponent: Northland Christian LB | Judge: Varad Agarwala CP Text: The member nations of the WTO should grant a TRIPS waiver for all COVID vaccines except those that use mRNA technology and declare support for a direct support model for future pandemicsThe WHO guarantees the plan mostly increases mRNA vaccine productionWHO 4/21—WHO, 4-21-2021, "Establishment of a COVID-19 mRNA vaccine technology transfer hub to scale up global manufacturing," https://www.who.int/news-room/articles-detail/establishment-of-a-covid-19-mrna-vaccine-technology-transfer-hub-to-scale-up-global-manufacturing. (AG DebateDrills) AND such clinical data will contribute to accelerated approval of the vaccines in LMICs. First logistics, mRNA requirements make them far harder to distribute in countries with inadequate infrastructureMahase 20— Mahase, Elisabeth. "Covid-19: What do we know about the late stage vaccine candidates?." British Medical Journal. (2020). (AG DebateDrills) AND , Moderna’s candidate is much more expensive at approximately £25 per dose. Second, 2 doses means vaccination campaigns take longerThird, developing countries already have production capacity for traditional vaccines, mRNA development takes too longIacobucci 21— Iacobucci, Gareth. "Covid-19: How will a waiver on vaccine patents affect global supply?," BMJ : British Medical Journal (Online); London Vol. 373, (May 10, 2021). DOI:10.1136/bmj.n1182. (AG DebateDrills) AND or contribute with the fill-and-finish stage of the process." | 9/18/21 |
SEPTOCT - DA - InnovationTournament: Loyola | Round: 1 | Opponent: Prospect ST | Judge: Joey Georges Current WTO legislation on IP rights promotes innovationEzell et al 4/29 Jaci McDole, Stephen Ezell ~Stephen Ezell is vice president, global innovation policy, at the Information Technology and Innovation Foundation (ITIF). He focuses on science and technology policy, international competitiveness, trade, manufacturing, and services issues.~ 4/29/21, "Ten Ways IP Has Enabled Innovations That Have Helped Sustain the World Through the Pandemic" Information Technology and Innovation Foundation, https://itif.org/publications/2021/04/29/ten-ways-ip-has-enabled-innovations-have-helped-sustain-world-through DD AG AND top two filing growths of 73 percent and 26 percent, respectively.30 Reductions in protections kill medical innovation, economic growth, and knowledge building for the futureMcDole and Ezell 04/29 – Jaci McDole is a senior policy analyst covering intellectual property (IP) and innovation policy at ITIF. She focuses on IP and its correlations to global innovation and trade. Her work includes ITIF’s Innovate4Health Initiatives (2017–2019) and A Covid-19 TRIPS Waiver Makes No More Sense for Copyrights Than It Does for Patents (2021). McDole comes to ITIF from the Institute for Intellectual Property Research, an organization she cofounded to study and further robust global IP policies. Stephen J. Ezell is ITIF vice president for Global Innovation Policy. He focuses on science, technology, and innovation policy as well as international competitiveness and trade policy issues. He is the coauthor of Innovating in a Service Driven Economy: Insights Application, and Practice (Palgrave McMillan, 2015) and Innovation Economics: The Race for Global Advantage (Yale 2012). The Information Technology and Innovation Foundation (ITIF) is an independent, nonprofit, nonpartisan research and educational institute focusing on the intersection of technological innovation and public policy. Recognized by its peers in the think tank community as the global center of excellence for science and technology policy, ITIF’s mission is to formulate and promote policy solutions that accelerate innovation and boost productivity to spur growth, opportunity, and progress; April 29, 2021; "Ten Ways IP Has Enabled Innovations That Have Helped Sustain the World Through the Pandemic"; https://itif.org/publications/2021/04/29/ten-ways-ip-has-enabled-innovations-have-helped-sustain-world-through advay AND generations of biomedical innovation and thus perpetuate the enterprises into the future.13 Future pandemics are more likely and more deadly which makes innovation key to stop extinctionCeballos 5/27 Gerardo Ceballos ~PhD, Dr Gerardo Ceballos is an ecologist and conservationist at the Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico. He is particularly recognized for his influential work on global patterns of distribution of diversity, endemism, and extinction risk in vertebrates. He is also well-known for his contribution to understanding the magnitude and impacts of the sixth mass extinction.~, 5/27/21, "THE SIXTH MASS EXTINCTION AND THE FUTURE OF HUMANITY", Population Matters, https://populationmatters.org/news/2021/05/sixth-mass-extinction-and-future-humanity DD AG AND and civilization. What it is at stake is the future of mankind. | 9/4/21 |
SEPTOCT - DA - MidtermsTournament: Greenhill | Round: 2 | Opponent: Northland Christian LB | Judge: Varad Agarwala Dems win the Senate now, but it’s close—-it determines the Biden presidency.Shane Goldmacher 7/17. Reporter, New York Times, "Democrats See Edge in Early Senate Map as Trump Casts Big Shadow," The New York Times, July 17, 2021, https://www.nytimes.com/2021/07/17/us/politics/midterm-elections.html, RJP, DebateDrills. AND through President Biden’s expansive agenda on the economy, the pandemic and infrastructure. The plan is unpopular—-it’s seen as soft on China.Cynthia Hicks 21. Director of Public Affairs at PhRMA focusing on polling and opinion research that supports advocacy communications and strategy. "New polling shows Americans are sounding the alarm on the TRIPS IP waiver," PhRMA, May 14, 2021, https://catalyst.phrma.org/new-polling-shows-americans-are-sounding-the-alarm-on-the-trips-ip-waiver, RJP, DebateDrills AND – expressed by more than six in ten voters – include the following: China is the key for the midterms—-Senate control hinges on it.Sarah Mucha 21. Politics reporter at Axios, covering the Biden administration and Congress. "Parties pounce on China as midterm issue," Axios, June 23, 2021, https://www.axios.com/democrat-republicans-china-2022-midterms-6c242c54-b51b-444e-b9b2-65ff0afb906a.html, RJP, DebateDrills AND by (President) Xi (Jinping) and the Chinese Communist Party. GOP control of the Senate will be used to usher in a new wave of Trumpism, crushing democracy.Morton Kondracke 21. Retired executive editor of Roll Call, a former "McLaughlin Group" and Fox News commentator and co-author, with Fred Barnes, of Jack Kemp: The Bleeding Heart Conservative Who Changed America. "Why Democrats Must Retain Control of Congress in 2022," RealClearPolitics, August 4, 2021, https://www.realclearpolitics.com/articles/2021/08/04/why'democrats'must'retain'control'of'congress'in'2022'146189.html, RJP, DebateDrills AND for election results and the rule of law would again be in peril. ExtinctionKasparov 17 AND having the exceptional courage to always try to be better. Thank you. | 9/18/21 |
SEPTOCT - K - CapTournament: Greenhill | Round: 6 | Opponent: Carnegie Vanguard SR | Judge: Truman Le Our thesis is that the collapse of capitalism is inevitable, it is a question of now or later: you should frame your decision through an anti-capitalist lens by centering the valorization of productivity that aff’s logic is founded upon.Kuang 20 ~Da Kuang and Changyi Huang are professors at the Huazhong University of Science and Technology, College of Marxism in Wuhan 430074, China. A Study of Marx’s Thought on the Speed of Capital Accumulation, Presented at the 2020 International Conference on Social Science, Economics and Education Research (SSEER 2020), Atlantic Press: Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research Volume 455, 8-22-21, amrita~ AND accumulation. The ultimate fate of capitalism is to be replaced by socialism. The affirmative resets the cycle and rejuvenates short-term capitalist accumulation in two ways.First, is false liberalism. The plan is representative of the idea that capitalism can be saved- eliminating "intellectual property protections" is a scheme that aims to boost falling rates of profit and improve capital accumulation.Gilbert 19 ~Geoff Gilbert is a Professor of Law in the School of Law and Human Rights Centre at the University of Essex. He was Head of Department between 2000-2003 and 2011-13. In 2012, he was appointed a Professorial Visiting Fellow at the University of New South Wales in Sydney. He was Editor-in-Chief of the International Journal of Refugee Law from 2002-15 and is co-Editor-in-Chief as of September 2019; he also sits on the Advisory Board., "Free trade" is today’s imperialism by the 1 percent, 1-13-2019,No Publication,https://www.bilaterals.org/?free-trade-is-today-s-imperialism, 8-21-2021 amrita~ AND control a disproportionate amount of the most profitable industries in the global economy. Second is WTO legitimacy. The plan is a colonialist revision that re-packages the WTO as a legitimate organization that can overcome its insidious past towards a future of equal free trade—that decks class consciousness.Gilbert 19 ~Geoff Gilbert is a Professor of Law in the School of Law and Human Rights Centre at the University of Essex. He was Head of Department between 2000-2003 and 2011-13. In 2012, he was appointed a Professorial Visiting Fellow at the University of New South Wales in Sydney. He was Editor-in-Chief of the International Journal of Refugee Law from 2002-15 and is co-Editor-in-Chief as of September 2019; he also sits on the Advisory Board., "Free trade" is today’s imperialism by the 1 percent, 1-13-2019,No Publication,https://www.bilaterals.org/?free-trade-is-today-s-imperialism, 8-21-2021 amrita~ AND profits from today’s advanced industries which they can invest in research and development. But capitalism can’t be saved. The short-term rejuvenation simply pushes back the long-term inevitable collapse which dooms us to death by climate change—this card preempts all their "cap solves climate change" answers.Foster 18 ~John Bellamy Foster, John Bellamy Foster is a professor of sociology at the University of Oregon and also editor of Monthly Review. He writes about political economy of capitalism and economic crisis, ecology and ecological crisis, and Marxist theory. "Making War on the Planet." Monthly Review. September 1, 2018. https://monthlyreview.org/2018/09/01/making-war-on-the-planet/ recut 8-22-2021 amrita~ AND beings as both natural and social beings: what is now called ecosocialism. Endorse a dictatorship of the proletariat. Global capitalism’s inequities can only be fully purged once its intrinsic contradictions expose themselves. A dictatorship is required to solidify our transition to communism and is why you should reject any perm that attempts to preserve the state apparatus.Revolution 73 Proletarian Dictatorship Vs. Bourgeois "Democracy"; Encyclopedia of Anti-Revisionism On-Line; Revolution; May 1973; Edited by Paul Saba; https://www.marxists.org/history/erol/ncm-1/pd-v-bd.htm; CE recut amrita AND the transition to the abolition of classes and to a classless society. " | 9/19/21 |
SEPTOCT - T - FwkTournament: Loyola | Round: 4 | Opponent: ModernBrain AK | Judge: Michael Kurian 1Interpretation: The affirmative should defend the hypothetical implementation of the resolutionViolation – they don’t have a plan text. lack of a plan text means that there’s no stable locust of competition so they should be stuck to having no plan text Resolved means a legislative policyWords and Phrases 64 Words and Phrases Permanent Edition. "Resolved". 1964. ED AND ," which is defined by Bouvier as meaning "to establish by law". WTO member nations are the following countries:WTO no date – see the list in the doc https://www.wto.org/english/thewto'e/whatis'e/tif'e/org6'e.htm~~#collapseI AND Uruguay Vanuatu Venezuela, Bolivarian Republic of Viet Nam Yemen Zambia Zimbabwe reduce means to diminishIdaho State Court of Appeals 03 AND a "reduction" under Colorado Cr. R. 35(b)). Standards:1~ Competitive equity – 2 warrants:A~ Limits: their model has no resolutional bound and creates the possibility for literally an infinite number of 1ACs. Not debating the topic allows someone to specialize in one area of the library for 4 years giving them a huge edge over people who switch research focus ever 2 months.B~ Fairness is an impact – ~1~ it’s an intrinsic good – some level of competitive equity is necessary to sustain the ~2~ probability – your ballot can’t solve their impacts but it can solve mine – debate can’t alter subjectivity, but can rectify ~3~ comes before substance – deciding any other argument in this debate cannot be disentangled from our inability to prepare for it – any argument you think they’re winning is a link, not a reason to vote for them,2~ Switch-side debate –A~ the reason debate is a unique process is because it demands rigorous testing of advocacy skills through not getting to pick and choose what to defend. solves their offense.Poscher 16 Ralf Poscher, Diat the Institute for Staatswissenschaft and Philosophy of Law at the University of Freiburg "Why We Argue About the Law: An Agonistic Account of Legal Disagreement", Metaphilosophy of Law, Tomasz Gizbert-Studnicki/Adam Dyrda/Pawel Banas (eds.), Hart Publishing. 2016. AND concept of justice to art such as to engage in an intelligible controversy. B~ topical version of the aff solves – they can still have all their advantages under TVA – their Chidi card and everything about IP bad is literally a TVA for them to use that they actively chose not to use.C~ Vote negative – A~ this procedurally evaluates whether their model is good, which is a prior question B~ they can’t get offense: we don’t exclude them, only persuade you that our methodology is best. Every debate requires a winner and loser, so voting negative doesn’t reject them from debate, it just says they should make a better argument next time.3~ Skills – multiple warrantsA~ Argument Refinement and research – forcing them to defend the resolution makes them have to cut new positions every two months and forces them to explore the depths of the literature as opposed to just recycling the same set of non T affs over and over that lead repetitive and stale debates – they reject argument innovation and force every non t debate into either k vs t or k v k.2Current WTO legislation on IP rights promotes innovationEzell et al 4/29 Jaci McDole, Stephen Ezell ~Stephen Ezell is vice president, global innovation policy, at the Information Technology and Innovation Foundation (ITIF). He focuses on science and technology policy, international competitiveness, trade, manufacturing, and services issues.~ 4/29/21, "Ten Ways IP Has Enabled Innovations That Have Helped Sustain the World Through the Pandemic" Information Technology and Innovation Foundation, https://itif.org/publications/2021/04/29/ten-ways-ip-has-enabled-innovations-have-helped-sustain-world-through DD AG AND top two filing growths of 73 percent and 26 percent, respectively.30 Reductions in protections kill medical innovation, economic growth, and knowledge building for the futureMcDole and Ezell 04/29 – Jaci McDole is a senior policy analyst covering intellectual property (IP) and innovation policy at ITIF. She focuses on IP and its correlations to global innovation and trade. Her work includes ITIF’s Innovate4Health Initiatives (2017–2019) and A Covid-19 TRIPS Waiver Makes No More Sense for Copyrights Than It Does for Patents (2021). McDole comes to ITIF from the Institute for Intellectual Property Research, an organization she cofounded to study and further robust global IP policies. Stephen J. Ezell is ITIF vice president for Global Innovation Policy. He focuses on science, technology, and innovation policy as well as international competitiveness and trade policy issues. He is the coauthor of Innovating in a Service Driven Economy: Insights Application, and Practice (Palgrave McMillan, 2015) and Innovation Economics: The Race for Global Advantage (Yale 2012). The Information Technology and Innovation Foundation (ITIF) is an independent, nonprofit, nonpartisan research and educational institute focusing on the intersection of technological innovation and public policy. Recognized by its peers in the think tank community as the global center of excellence for science and technology policy, ITIF’s mission is to formulate and promote policy solutions that accelerate innovation and boost productivity to spur growth, opportunity, and progress; April 29, 2021; "Ten Ways IP Has Enabled Innovations That Have Helped Sustain the World Through the Pandemic"; https://itif.org/publications/2021/04/29/ten-ways-ip-has-enabled-innovations-have-helped-sustain-world-through advay AND generations of biomedical innovation and thus perpetuate the enterprises into the future.13 Future pandemics are more likely and more deadly which makes innovation key to stop extinctionCeballos 5/27 Gerardo Ceballos ~PhD, Dr Gerardo Ceballos is an ecologist and conservationist at the Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico. He is particularly recognized for his influential work on global patterns of distribution of diversity, endemism, and extinction risk in vertebrates. He is also well-known for his contribution to understanding the magnitude and impacts of the sixth mass extinction.~, 5/27/21, "THE SIXTH MASS EXTINCTION AND THE FUTURE OF HUMANITY", Population Matters, https://populationmatters.org/news/2021/05/sixth-mass-extinction-and-future-humanity DD AG AND and civilization. What it is at stake is the future of mankind. | 9/5/21 |
SEPTOCT - T - FxTournament: Loyola | Round: 6 | Opponent: Honor VD | Judge: Zac Clough Interp- The 1AC must advocate for the immediate reduction intellectual property protectionsViolation:"I affirm rhetorical decolonization to reduce intellectual property protections for medicines in the member nations of the World Trade Organization."Proves the aff requires rhetorical decol before the plan can happen – at best, they’re effects-t and at worst it’s a solvency deficit to case.Standards:1~ Limits—They can push the actual elimination of LAWs into the future indefinitely and allows for thousands of new affs that gradually change when the ban happens and kill neg ground since we can’t access things like delay CPs which kills education.2~ Inherency—Neg DAs are based on squo defense. Affs that codify the squo have zero ground as there can be no UQ for the claims.Fairness is an impact – ~1~ it’s an intrinsic good – some level of competitive equity is necessary to sustain the ~2~ probability – your ballot can’t solve their impacts but it can solve mine – debate can’t alter subjectivity, but can rectify abuse in round ~3~ comes before substance – deciding any other argument in this debate cannot be disentangled from our inability to prepare for it – any argument you think they’re winning is a link, not a reason to vote for them, | 9/18/21 |
SEPTOCT - T - Medicine SpecTournament: Greenhill | Round: 2 | Opponent: Northland Christian LB | Judge: Varad Agarwala Interpretation – the Aff may not specify a specific medicineMedicines is a generic bare pluralLeslie and Lerner 16 ~Sarah-Jane Leslie (Ph.D., Princeton, 2007) is the dean of the Graduate School and Class of 1943 Professor of Philosophy. She has previously served as the vice dean for faculty development in the Office of the Dean of the Faculty, director of the Program in Linguistics, and founding director of the Program in Cognitive Science at Princeton University. She is also affiliated faculty in the Department of Psychology, the University Center for Human Values, the Program in Gender and Sexuality Studies, and the Kahneman-Treisman Center for Behavioral Science and Public Policy~, and Adam Lerner, Ph.D, Postgraduate Research Associate in the Department of Philosophy at Princeton University, 4-24-2016, accessed 9-4-2021, "Generic Generalizations (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy)," https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/generics/~~ HWIC AND perhaps better used than "usually" to mark off the generic reading.) It applies to this topic – "Member nations ought to reduce IP for covid – therefore, member nations ought to reduce IP for all" is illogical1~ Limits: There’s inf medicines they could specify, coupled with various types of countries2~ TVA Solves – just read your aff as an advantage to a whole rez aff. | 9/18/21 |
SEPTOCT - T - VaccineTournament: Greenhill | Round: 2 | Opponent: Northland Christian LB | Judge: Varad Agarwala AND you bulletproof, they dramatically increase the odds of surviving an adverse event. Violation – they specify COVID vaccines. Their card in the aff isn’t responsive bc that refers to medicine as a practice, not medicines like pharmaceutical drugsNegate –1~ Limits – expanding the topic to preventative treatment or medical interventions allows anything from surgery to medical devices to education strategies or mosquito repellent to prevent malariaVoters:Topicality is a voting issue that should be evaluated through competing interpretations – it tells the negative what they do and do not have to prepare for—reasonability is arbitrary and causes a race to the bottomNo RVIs—it’s your burden to be topical.Evaluate T before 1AR theory we only have a couple months to set T norms | 9/18/21 |
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