| Tournament | Round | Opponent | Judge | Cites | Round Report | Open Source | Edit/Delete |
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| F-35 Lightning II Multirole Fighter Program | 1 | DOD Budget Cuts | Congress |
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| Greenhill | 1 | Eagan AE | Jack Quisenberry |
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| Greenhill | 4 | Harrison JP | Varad Agarwala |
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| Greenhill | Octas | Harker AS | Chris Castillo, Felicity Park, David Dosch |
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| Greenhill | Doubles | Loyola AP | Rodrigo Paramo, Nick Fleming, Felicity Park |
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| Greenhill | 5 | Strake Jesuit ZD | Eric Melin |
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| Greenhill RR | 1 | Westwood PM | Quentin Clark, Claudia Ribera |
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| Greenhill RR | 3 | Immaculate Heart BC | Elijah Smith, John Sims |
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| Longhorn | Doubles | Strake Jesuit NW | Isaac Chao, Truman Le, Dylan Jones |
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| Longhorn | 2 | Vestavia Hills GJ | Spencer Orlowski |
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| Longhorn | 6 | Strake Jesuit JW | Jack Quisenberry |
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| Longhorn | Finals | Strake Jesuit JS | Nikhil Ajjarapu, Sarah Zheng, Anthony Joseph |
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| Longhorn | Semis | Garland LY | Truman Le, Joseph Georges, Javier Navarrete |
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| Longhorn | Octas | Northland LB | Cale McCrary, Joshua Porter, Wyatt Hatfield |
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| Longhorn | 4 | Denton Guyer SB | Felicity Park |
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| Loyola | 5 | Millard North NL | David Dosch |
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| Loyola | 3 | Strake Jesuit JS | Gordon Krauss |
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| Loyola | 2 | Solebury LM | Derek Hilligoss |
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| Meadows | 3 | Canyon Crest SZ | Truman Le |
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| Meadows | 6 | Diamond Bar NC | Gordon Krauss |
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| Meadows | Doubles | Westlake MR | Jacob Smith, Davina Le, Alex Baez |
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| Meadows | Finals | Orange Lutheran AZ | Lena Mizrahi, Stephanie LeClaire-Vazquez, Alex Baez |
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| Meadows | Semis | Marlborough WR | Ben Cortez, Lena Mizrahi, Kabir Dubey |
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| Meadows | Quarters | Ayala AM | Sam Larson, TJ Maher, Lena Mizrahi |
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| Meadows | 1 | Harvard-Westlake IC | Ben Cortez |
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| Valley | Octas | American Heritage Plantation MC | James Stuckert, Phoenix Pittman, Aryan Jasani |
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| Valley | Semis | MSJ SS | Chetan Hertzig, Victor Chen, Eric He |
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| Valley | 4 | Strake Jesuit JW | Chris Theis |
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| Valley | 2 | Princeton VC | Breigh Plat |
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| Valley | 6 | Cardinal Gibbons RS | Chris Castillo |
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| Valley RR | 1 | Cardinal Gibbons RS | TJ Maher, Victor Chen |
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| Valley RR | 4 | Mission San Jose SR | Nethmin Liyanage, Conal Thomas-McGinnis |
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| Valley RR | Semis | Plano East AW | Nethmin Liyanage, Brixz Gonzaba, Tajaih Robinson |
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| Valley RR | 5 | Lexington AK | Aryan Jasani, Alex Dumas |
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| Voices | 2 | Archbishop Mitty AS | Vishan Chaudhary |
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| Voices | 3 | Bergen County Academies AK | David Dosch |
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| Voices | 6 | BASIS SK | Ben Cortez |
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| Voices | Semis | Harker AR | David Dosch, Felicity Park, Lukas Krause |
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| Voices RR | 4 | Sequoia AS | David Dosch |
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| Tournament | Round | Report |
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| Greenhill | 1 | Opponent: Eagan AE | Judge: Jack Quisenberry ac soft left covid |
| Greenhill | 4 | Opponent: Harrison JP | Judge: Varad Agarwala ac fem |
| Greenhill | Octas | Opponent: Harker AS | Judge: Chris Castillo, Felicity Park, David Dosch ac trade secrets |
| Greenhill | Doubles | Opponent: Loyola AP | Judge: Rodrigo Paramo, Nick Fleming, Felicity Park ac covid |
| Greenhill | 5 | Opponent: Strake Jesuit ZD | Judge: Eric Melin ac debate bad |
| Greenhill RR | 1 | Opponent: Westwood PM | Judge: Quentin Clark, Claudia Ribera ac biopiracy |
| Greenhill RR | 3 | Opponent: Immaculate Heart BC | Judge: Elijah Smith, John Sims ac genomics |
| Longhorn | Doubles | Opponent: Strake Jesuit NW | Judge: Isaac Chao, Truman Le, Dylan Jones ac debate bad |
| Longhorn | 2 | Opponent: Vestavia Hills GJ | Judge: Spencer Orlowski ac baudrillard |
| Longhorn | 6 | Opponent: Strake Jesuit JW | Judge: Jack Quisenberry ac petit |
| Longhorn | Finals | Opponent: Strake Jesuit JS | Judge: Nikhil Ajjarapu, Sarah Zheng, Anthony Joseph ac ihl |
| Longhorn | Semis | Opponent: Garland LY | Judge: Truman Le, Joseph Georges, Javier Navarrete ac venus |
| Longhorn | Octas | Opponent: Northland LB | Judge: Cale McCrary, Joshua Porter, Wyatt Hatfield ac kenya |
| Longhorn | 4 | Opponent: Denton Guyer SB | Judge: Felicity Park ac biopolitics |
| Loyola | 5 | Opponent: Millard North NL | Judge: David Dosch ac covid |
| Loyola | 3 | Opponent: Strake Jesuit JS | Judge: Gordon Krauss ac kant w covid advantage |
| Loyola | 2 | Opponent: Solebury LM | Judge: Derek Hilligoss ac topical marxism |
| Meadows | 3 | Opponent: Canyon Crest SZ | Judge: Truman Le ac pandemics |
| Meadows | 6 | Opponent: Diamond Bar NC | Judge: Gordon Krauss ac evergreening |
| Meadows | Doubles | Opponent: Westlake MR | Judge: Jacob Smith, Davina Le, Alex Baez ac evergreening |
| Meadows | Finals | Opponent: Orange Lutheran AZ | Judge: Lena Mizrahi, Stephanie LeClaire-Vazquez, Alex Baez ac vaccine imperialism |
| Meadows | Semis | Opponent: Marlborough WR | Judge: Ben Cortez, Lena Mizrahi, Kabir Dubey ac soft left covid |
| Meadows | Quarters | Opponent: Ayala AM | Judge: Sam Larson, TJ Maher, Lena Mizrahi ac evergreening |
| Meadows | 1 | Opponent: Harvard-Westlake IC | Judge: Ben Cortez ac covid |
| Valley | Octas | Opponent: American Heritage Plantation MC | Judge: James Stuckert, Phoenix Pittman, Aryan Jasani ac kant |
| Valley | Semis | Opponent: MSJ SS | Judge: Chetan Hertzig, Victor Chen, Eric He ac covid |
| Valley | 4 | Opponent: Strake Jesuit JW | Judge: Chris Theis ac pandemics and vaccine diplomacy |
| Valley | 2 | Opponent: Princeton VC | Judge: Breigh Plat ac deleuze |
| Valley | 6 | Opponent: Cardinal Gibbons RS | Judge: Chris Castillo ac cybernetics |
| Valley RR | 1 | Opponent: Cardinal Gibbons RS | Judge: TJ Maher, Victor Chen ac phil nonsense |
| Valley RR | 4 | Opponent: Mission San Jose SR | Judge: Nethmin Liyanage, Conal Thomas-McGinnis ac virtue ethics with pandemics adv |
| Valley RR | Semis | Opponent: Plano East AW | Judge: Nethmin Liyanage, Brixz Gonzaba, Tajaih Robinson ac evergreening |
| Valley RR | 5 | Opponent: Lexington AK | Judge: Aryan Jasani, Alex Dumas ac kant w covid adv |
| Voices | 2 | Opponent: Archbishop Mitty AS | Judge: Vishan Chaudhary ac data exclusivity |
| Voices | 3 | Opponent: Bergen County Academies AK | Judge: David Dosch ac us covid |
| Voices | 6 | Opponent: BASIS SK | Judge: Ben Cortez ac pragmatism w evergreening adv |
| Voices | Semis | Opponent: Harker AR | Judge: David Dosch, Felicity Park, Lukas Krause ac pandemics |
| Voices RR | 4 | Opponent: Sequoia AS | Judge: David Dosch ac jordan |
To modify or delete round reports, edit the associated round.
Cites
| Entry | Date |
|---|---|
0 - Contact InfoTournament: F-35 Lightning II Multirole Fighter Program | Round: 1 | Opponent: DOD Budget Cuts | Judge: Congress FB: Max Perin (friend request first though bc I'm terrible at remembering to look at message requests) | 7/23/21 |
1 - T - Truth and JusticeTournament: Greenhill | Round: 5 | Opponent: Strake Jesuit ZD | Judge: Eric Melin Interp and Violation: The affirmative must only defend that member nations of the WTO ought to reduce intellectual property protections for medicines and may only garner offense from the hypothetical implementation of the plan – they don't."Resolved" requires a policy.Merriam Webster '18 (Merriam Webster; 2018 Edition; Online dictionary and legal resource; Merriam Webster, "resolve," https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/resolve; RP)
Member nations of the WTO are the 164 countrieshttps://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/whatis_e/tif_e/org6_e.htm Medicines prevent, diagnose, or treat disease and injuryMRS 20 ~(MAINE REVENUE SERVICE SALES, FUEL and SPECIAL TAX DIVISION) "A REFERENCE GUIDE TO THE SALES AND USE TAX LAW" https://www.maine.gov/revenue/sites/maine.gov.revenue/files/inline-files/Reference20Guide202020.pdf December 2020~ SS Intellectual property includes four thingsBrewer 19 ~(Trevor, advises clients on business structuring and sale transactions, regulatory compliance, third-party contracts, liability protection and general matters facing small business owners. His focus extends beyond legal advice and includes business strategy and wealth preservation.) "WHAT ARE THE FOUR BASIC TYPES OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS?" Brewer Long, 5/16/19. https://brewerlong.com/information/business-law/four-types-of-intellectual-property/~~ RR Vote neg:1~ Fairness – post facto topic adjustment structurally favors the aff by manipulating the balance of prep. They can specialize in 1 area of literature for 4 years which gives them a huge edge over people switching topics every 2 months and locks us into a predictable null set of monolithic criticisms that are susceptible to the perm. Fairness is an impact - a~ it's an intrinsic good – debate is fundamentally a game and some level of competitive equity is necessary to sustain the activity which they've ceded validity to by participating, b~ probability – individual ballots can't alter subjectivity even if long term clash over a season can, but they can rectify skews which means the only immediate impact to a ballot is fairness and deciding who wins, c~ it internal link turns every impact – a limited topic promotes in-depth research and engagement which is necessary to access all of their education2~ Clash – argumentative testing along a stable tether and SSD are good – they force debaters to consider a controversial issue from multiple perspectives through nuanced 3rd and 4th level testing that only occurs alongside a stasis point for preparation. Non-T affs allow individuals to establish their own metrics for what they want to debate leading to ideological dogmatism – our argument is that the process of defending and answering proposals against a well-researched opponent is a benefit of engaging the topic regardless of the truth value of those proposals.Use competing interps – topicality is question of models of debate which they should have to proactively justify and we'll win reasonability links to our offense.They can't weigh the case—lack of preround prep means their truth claims are untested which you should presume false—they're also only winning case because we couldn't engage with itNo impact turns—exclusions are inevitable because we only have 45 minutes so it's best to draw those exclusions along reciprocal lines to ensure a role for the negative | 11/16/21 |
1 - Th - Disclose 30 BeforeTournament: Valley | Round: 4 | Opponent: Strake Jesuit JW | Judge: Chris Theis Interp: The affirmative must correctly tell the negative which aff they will be reading, including any and all changes, thirty minutes before the posted start time.Violation: screenshots - they added an advantage 10min beforeNegate:1~ Prep and clash - they force us to spend pre-round prep prepping the wrong advantage which means I'm unprepared to engage - that decks clash and fairness2~ No offense for disclosure bad - they posted cites on the wiki for all their affs but didn't give us the correct advantages till 10 minutes before - the only offense was us not being able to anticipate or prep the right advantage pre round because they forced us to split our time - proves any responses are in bad faith | 9/28/21 |
1 - Th - Disclose at FlipTournament: Valley | Round: Octas | Opponent: American Heritage Plantation MC | Judge: James Stuckert, Phoenix Pittman, Aryan Jasani Interp: The affirmative must correctly tell the negative which aff they will be reading, including any and all changes, at the time of the online flip result.Violation: screenshots – they refused to give me the aff at the flipNegate:1~ Prep and clash - forces us to make a flip decision in the dark since we don't know if the aff is new or one of the 6 on the wiki, and leaves us guessing at whether we'll have prep vs the aff you choose - it's elims of an octas bid where they could definitely break new and a flip decision would heavily be determined by whether there's a new aff we likely don't have prep to or can't prep in 30min2~ No offense for disclosure bad - they posted cites on the wiki for all their affs and said they'd disclose 30 before, but didn't give us the correct aff at the flip - the only offense was forcing us to make a flip decision without knowing the aff - proves any responses are in bad faithEvaluate disclosure before 1AR theory – a) scope of norming – affects more rounds over time so it rectifies more abuse, b) magnitude – the aff advocacy and disclosure affects a larger portion of the debate since it determines every speech after it and pre round neg prep, c) any 1nc abuse was justified by the aff not being properly disclosedNo RVIs – a) illogical – you shouldn't win for being fair – it's a litmus test for engaging in substance, b) norming – I can't concede the counterinterp if I realize I'm wrong which forces me to argue for bad norms, c) baiting – incentivizes good debaters to be abusive, bait theory, then collapse to the 1AR RVI, d) topic ed – prevents 1AR blipstorm scripts and allows us to get back to substance after resolving theory | 9/27/21 |
1 - Th - Must Osource with CiteboxTournament: Valley | Round: 6 | Opponent: Cardinal Gibbons RS | Judge: Chris Castillo Interpretation: Debaters must disclose all constructive positions on with full cites and open source with highlighting on the 2020-21 NDCA LD wiki after the round in which they read them and before the next round they debate.Violation – they don't1~ Debate resource inequities—you'll say people will steal cards, but that's good—it's the only way to truly level the playing field for students such as novices in under-privileged programs who can't bypass paywalled articles.2~ Evidence ethics – open source is the only way to verify pre-round that cards aren't miscut or highlighted or bracketed unethically. That's a voter – maintaining ethical ev practices is key to being good academics and we should be able to verify you didn't cheat.They'll say open sourcing 1 version is enough but that leaves no way to verify if they've read small changes in other rounds I need to be aware of, especially since there aren't cites.3~ Even if the docs are the same, that doesn't solve because I don't know they're identical which skews pre round prep because I have to contact their previous opponents to check – independently exclusionary because newer debates don't feel comfortable reaching out to randos4~ Cites aren't working isn't an argument – they literally added cites entries which proves they can use them.The only wiki error that would stop them is if they used a special character, but that's solved by just reading the doc and removing the character.Cites are independently good – they allow debaters to quickly understand broken positions and spend more time to generate a nuanced NC which produces better clash. | 11/16/21 |
2 - K - BerlantTournament: Greenhill | Round: 5 | Opponent: Strake Jesuit ZD | Judge: Eric Melin The 1ac is a form of sentimental politics—wherein empathetic identification will reshape the world and actualize ethics of care—this only produces pain as a prophylactic from our violence towards otherness and is fundamentally reliant on an economy of victimization.Berlant 98 /Lauren, George M. Pullman Professor, Department of English, University of Chicago, "Poor Eliza," American Literature, Vol. 70, No. 3, No More Separate Spheres! (Sep., 1998), Duke University Press, pg. 635-668/ Their attachment to the past reinscribes the suffering they attempt to solve for because their movement necessitates that trauma to sustain their identity. This locks identity into a frame of impotence resulting in an endless cycle of revenge and ressentimentBrown 93 (Wendy L. Brown is a professor of Political Science at the University of California, Berkeley. Wounded Attachments, Political Theory, Vol. 21, No. 3 (Aug., 1993), accessed via sage ~pgs.402-405~) Instead we must refuse the politics of liberalism and its accompanying economization of injury and suffering—our politics does not ignore the violence of the world, but rather refuses those particular representations and values which frame violence in favor of a politics of sensuous lifeAbbas 10 /Asma, Professor and Division Head in Social Studies, Political Science, Philosophy at the Liebowitz Center for International Studies at Bard College at Simon's Rock, Liberalism and Human Suffering: Materialist Reflections on Politics, Ethics, and Aesthetics, London: Palgrave Macmillan, pg. Pg. 183 - 187/ | 11/16/21 |
2 - K - CapTournament: Longhorn | Round: Doubles | Opponent: Strake Jesuit NW | Judge: Isaac Chao, Truman Le, Dylan Jones To cope with the crisis of collapsing modernity, subjects engage in self-actualization that abandons collective faith in norms and institutions in favor of emancipatory performance that necessitates a right-wing politics of exclusion. Their attempt to disrupt a social system or debate creates a safety valve for capitalism's fundamental contradiction.Bluhdorn 07 – (May 2007, Ingolfur, PhD, Reader in Politics/Political Sociology, University of Bath, "Self-description, Self-deception, Simulation: A Systems-theoretical Perspective on Contemporary Discourses of Radical Change," Social Movement Studies, Vol. 6, No. 1, 1–20, May 2007, google scholar) Cap causes extinction – war, disease, climate, inequality, and econhuman rights, healthcare crises, climate change, structural racism, econ, vtl The alternative is to build racial and class solidarity around a new socialist movement focused on making concrete demands and progress that can transform American society. That vision is necessary to propel movements to challenge Trump, dismantle racist political formations, and save lives – worst effects of neolib aren't inevitableSchwartz and Sunkara 17 ~August 1, 2017; JOSEPH M. SCHWARTZ (Joseph M. Schwartz is the national vice-chair of the Democratic Socialists of America, and professor of political science at Temple) and BHASKAR SUNKARA (Bhaskar Sunkara is an American political writer, founding editor and publisher of Jacobin magazine and the publisher of Catalyst: A Journal of Theory and Strategy. He is a former vice-chair of the Democratic Socialists of America); "What Should Socialists Do?"; https://jacobinmag.com/2017/08/socialist-left-democratic-socialists-america-dsa; BWSWJ~ | 12/5/21 |
2 - K - Data PIKTournament: Valley | Round: 6 | Opponent: Cardinal Gibbons RS | Judge: Chris Castillo We endorse the entirety of the 1AC with the exception of their descriptions of data as a natural resource or being.Here are some 1AC lines that prove competition – inserted aff highlightings:Data seeks the safety of digital purity; firewalling itself in the hygienic spaces of closed data dumps. In other instances, data become aggressive – it turns on its human companion species, Data is not a natural resource or a sovereign malevolent entity, but a contingent result of various human-caused socio-technical practices. Their description de-politicizes data and removes human agency to re-direct data inequality, which turns the case.Angelina Fisher and Thomas Streinz 21, Angelina Fisher is Adjunct Professor of Law and Director for Policy and Practice of Guarini Global Law and Tech at New York University School of Law, Thomas Streinz is Adjunct Professor of Law and Executive Director of Guarini Global Law and Tech at New York University School of Law, "Confronting Data Inequality," Institute for International Law and Justice, New York University School of Law, International Law and Justice Working Papers, 2021, https://www.iilj.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/Fisher-Streinz-Confronting-Data-Inequality-IILJ-Working-Paper-2021_1.pdf | 11/16/21 |
2 - K - Settler Colonialism vs DeleuzeTournament: Valley | Round: 2 | Opponent: Princeton VC | Judge: Breigh Plat Settlerism is an everyday process shaped by affective investments in institutions that claim jurisdiction over native land.Mark Rifkin, PhD, Director of the Women's and Gender Studies Program and Professor of English at the University of North Carolina, Greensboro. "Settler common sense." Settler Colonial Studies, 2013 Vol. 3, Nos. 3–4, 322–340, http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/2201473X.2013.810702. JJN Claims of fluid identity are antithetical to the cultural survival of indigenous people – subjectivity cannot be rhizomatic – it is tied to placeSandy Grande , PhD, is associate professor and Chair of the Education Department at Connecticut College, director of the Center for the Comparative Study of Race and Ethnicity. "Chapter Four American Indian Geographies of Identity and Power." Red Pedagogy Native American Social and Political Thought. 2004. JJN Rhizomatic politics gets modeled off of settler expansionism – those are the lines of flight represented by settler treaties and individual settlers, designed to smooth spaces of indigeneityAlex Trimble Young - He is a Copeland Visiting Fellow at Amherst College, His research has garnered multiple national awards, including the American Studies Association's Comparative Ethnic Studies Prize in 2013, and the Western Literature Association's J. Golden Taylor Prize in 2010. "Settler Sovereignty and The Rhizomatic West, or, The Significance of the Frontier in Postwestern Studies." WAL 48.1 and 2 (Spring and Summer 2013): 115—40. JJN The alternative is a call for place-based education – this requires relating theorizing to present realities of injustice and acknowledging the ways settler colonialism creates those injustices to foster a radical movement against domination.Gardner Seawright is a doctoral candidate in the Education, Culture, and Society department at the University of Utah. "Settler Traditions of Place: Making Explicit the Epistemological Legacy of White Supremacy and Settler Colonialism for Place-Based Education." EDUCATIONAL STUDIES, 50: 554–572, 2014, American Educational Studies Association. JJN Representations and epistemology perpetuate settler practices – the way we understand and discuss the structures around us overdetermines our praxisSeawright 14 Gardner Seawright is a doctoral candidate in the Education, Culture, and Society department at the University of Utah. "Settler Traditions of Place: Making Explicit the Epistemological Legacy of White Supremacy and Settler Colonialism for Place-Based Education." EDUCATIONAL STUDIES, 50: 554–572, 2014, American Educational Studies Association. JJN | 9/28/21 |
2 - K - Settler Colonialism vs Ideal TheoryTournament: Valley RR | Round: 1 | Opponent: Cardinal Gibbons RS | Judge: TJ Maher, Victor Chen Settlerism is an everyday process shaped by affective investments in institutions that claim jurisdiction over native land.Mark Rifkin, PhD, Director of the Women's and Gender Studies Program and Professor of English at the University of North Carolina, Greensboro. "Settler common sense." Settler Colonial Studies, 2013 Vol. 3, Nos. 3–4, 322–340, http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/2201473X.2013.810702. JJN The aff's appeal to universal rationality is an epistemological-ontological divide between settlers and agency that requires separating the human from the nonhuman- this creates interruption in indigenous cosmologies that foreground placeWatts 13
The alternative is a call for place-based education – this requires relating theorizing to present realities of injustice and acknowledging the ways settler colonialism creates those injustices to ground our strategies and normative theoroiesGardner Seawright is a doctoral candidate in the Education, Culture, and Society department at the University of Utah. "Settler Traditions of Place: Making Explicit the Epistemological Legacy of White Supremacy and Settler Colonialism for Place-Based Education." EDUCATIONAL STUDIES, 50: 554–572, 2014, American Educational Studies Association. JJN The discourse of the 1AC is what perpetuates settler traditions that are rooted in the logic of domination – centering Indigenous scholarship and questions of epistemology is your role as a judgeSeawright 14 Gardner Seawright is a doctoral candidate in the Education, Culture, and Society department at the University of Utah. "Settler Traditions of Place: Making Explicit the Epistemological Legacy of White Supremacy and Settler Colonialism for Place-Based Education." EDUCATIONAL STUDIES, 50: 554–572, 2014, American Educational Studies Association. JJN | 9/24/21 |
3 - IT - Cap GoodTournament: Loyola | Round: 2 | Opponent: Solebury LM | Judge: Derek Hilligoss Tech innovation undergirded by profit motives are driving the Second Machine Age, which dematerializes capitalism and makes growth a sustainable necessityThis ev is v v v long but it's amazing – answers basically every aff arg No limits to growth—-their models ignore key feedback effects.Lynch 16—President of Strategic Energy and Economic Consulting, Director of Asian Energy and Security at the Center for International Studies at MIT, and a Lecturer at Tufts and Vienna University ~Michael, The "peak oil" scare and the coming oil flood, p. 63-74~ Free market capitalism has drastically improved the world.Empirical education in child mortality and increase in life expectancy, development of tech innovation in the private market k2 medical advances, food production increased with agriculture tech green revolution, also decreased armed conflicts Energy poverty—-that disproportionately impacts vulnerable communities.NBCC 15—National Black Chamber of Commerce ~"POTENTIAL IMPACT OF PROPOSED EPA REGULATIONS ON LOW INCOME GROUPS AND MINORITIES," June, p. 85-99, http://www.ieca-us.com/wp-content/uploads/NBCC_Minority-Impacts-Report-June-2015-Final.pdf~~ | 9/20/21 |
3 - IT - China War GoodTournament: Meadows | Round: 1 | Opponent: Harvard-Westlake IC | Judge: Ben Cortez US-China war is structurally inevitable —- China delays it to buy time to modernizeKazianis 18 US wins now, but by 2025 A2/AD makes it game over —- strikes stay conventional and neutralize military targetsMajumdar 16 Continued modernization causes China to MIRV ICBMsKillalea 17 US missile defense ensures deployment – competition draws in India and escalatesKristensen, director of the Nuclear Information Project at the Federation of American Scientists, '15 1~ War's inevitable, which means only our offense—-if we need to have it, better now than later when China modernizes2~ No escalation —- we'd use counterforce strikesLieber and Press 16 That kills 700 maxLieber 17 | 11/8/21 |
3 - IT - DedevelopmentTournament: Meadows | Round: Doubles | Opponent: Westlake MR | Judge: Jacob Smith, Davina Le, Alex Baez Growth increases war—-both funds AND motivates aggressionLucas Hahn 16. Bryant University. April, 2016. Global Economic Expansion and the Prevalence of Militarized Interstate Disputes. Growth is unsustainable AND innovation can't solve—-shifting away from productivism is key to avoid extinction.Milena Büchs and Max Koch 17. Milena Büchs is Associate Professor in Sustainability, Economics and Low Carbon Transitions at the University of Leeds, UK. Max Koch is Professor of Social Policy at Lund University (School of Social Work), Sweden. 2017. Postgrowth and Wellbeing. Springer International Publishing. CrossRef, doi:10.1007/978-3-319-59903-8. Collapse by 2050 is inevitable—-rebound effects, lack of decoupling, large environmental footprints from renewables, and a lack of viable sequestration technology make growth unsustainableGiorgos Kallis 18, ICREA Research Professor at Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, environmental scientist working on ecological economics and political ecology, formerly Marie Curie International Fellow at the Energy and Resources Group of the University of California at Berkeley, PhD in Environmental Policy and Planning from the University of the Aegean in Greece, et al., 5/31/18, "Annual Review of Environment and Resources: Research On Degrowth," Annual Review of Environment and Resources, Vol. 43, p. 296-298 | 11/1/21 |
3 - IT - Heg BadTournament: Valley | Round: 4 | Opponent: Strake Jesuit JW | Judge: Chris Theis First is offense-1~ CounterbalancingA. Pursuit of hegemony leads to Sino-Russia alliance and is unsustainable.Porter, DPhil, 19 B. A strong Sino-Russian alliance combined with expanded US military presence ensures joint retaliation — that escalates to the use of nuclear forceKlare 18 – Professor of peace and world security studies at Hampshire College. (Michael T., "The Pentagon Is Planning a Three-Front 'Long War' Against China and Russia," April 4, 2018, https://fpif.org/the-pentagon-is-planning-a-three-front-long-war-against-china-and-russia/)//sy 2~ TerrorismA. Hegemony fails and propagates terrorism – it justifies intervention and empirically causes blowback.Bandow 19 (Doug, senior fellow @ Cato Institute and JD Stanford, 6-2-2019, "Understanding the Failure of U.S. Foreign Policy: The Albright Doctrine," National Interest, https://nationalinterest.org/blog/skeptics/understanding-failure-us-foreign-policy-albright-doctrine-60477) AG C. Terrorism causes global nuclear war—collapses internal AND external stabilityArguello and Buis, 18 – *Irma, Founder and Chair of the NPSGlobal Foundation (Non-proliferation for Global Security), degree in Phyisics Science from the University of Buenos Aires, Master degree in Business Administration from IDEA/Wharton School, Defense and Security studies (Master level) at the Escuela de Defensa Nacional, Argentina; Emiliano, lawyer and associate professor of public international law, international humanitarian law, international law of disarmament, and the origins of international law in antiquity (Irma Arguello and Emiliano J. Buis, "The global impacts of a terrorist nuclear attack: What would happen? What should we do?," Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, 2018, https://doi.org/10.1080/00963402.2018.1436812) 3~ 1AC Brands says heg solves prolif:This military dominance has constituted the hard-power backbone of an ambitious global strategy. After the Cold War, U.S. policymakers committed to averting a return to the unstable multipolarity of earlier eras, and to perpetuating the more favorable unipolar order. They committed to building on the successes of the postwar era by further advancing liberal political values and an open international economy, and to suppressing international scourges such as rogue states, nuclear proliferation, and catastrophic terrorism. And because they recognized that military force remained the ultima ratio regum, they understood the centrality of military preponderance. Prolif solves war – no way they get a new terminal lolCohen, PhD, '17 Defense-Post dates theirs – assumes us escalates Decline has popularized restraint – a bipartisan coalition formed to avoid the failures of liberal hegemonyAshford 21 Emma Ashford is a Senior Fellow at the New American Engagement Initiative at the Atlantic Council's Scowcroft Center for Strategy and Security, September/October 2021, "Strategies of Restraint," Foreign Affairs, https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/united-states/2021-08-24/strategies-restraint mvp Power transitions cause retrenchment and peace, not war.MacDonald and Parent, PhDs in Political Science, 20 Scenario DefenseEmpirics go neg – most qualified studies disprove hegemonic stability theories.Fettweis 17 –Christopher J. Fettweis is an American political scientist and the Associate Professor of Political Science at Tulane University. "Unipolarity, Hegemony, and the New Peace, Security Studies" 26:3, 423-451; EG) LeadershipChinese leadership solves existential threats.Yamei 18 Shen Yamei 18, Deputy Director and Associate Research Fellow of Department for American Studies, China Institute of International Studies, 1-9-2018, "Probing into the "Chinese Solution" for the Transformation of Global Governance," CAIFC, http://www.caifc.org.cn/en/content.aspx?id=4491 | 9/28/21 |
3 - IT - ME War GoodTournament: Voices RR | Round: 4 | Opponent: Sequoia AS | Judge: David Dosch Oil prices will decline – OPEC will increase production – our ev is predictiveJulia Fanzeres 9-30-21, "Biden renews OPEC outreach as oil prices climb 10 in September," 9-30-2021 https://www.worldoil.com/news/2021/9/30/biden-renews-opec-outreach-as-oil-prices-climb-10-in-september Middle East war is good—it raises oil pricesLynch 18 ~Michael Lynch spent nearly 30 years at MIT as a student and then researcher at the Energy Laboratory and Center for International Studies. He then spent several years at what is now IHS Global Insight and was chief energy economist. Currently, Lynch serves as the president of Strategic Energy and Economic Research, Inc., and lectures MBA students at Vienna University. He's been president of the US Association for Energy Economics and serves on the editorial boards of three publications. Will Oil Prices Blow Up With The Middle East? April 12, 2018. https://www.forbes.com/sites/michaellynch/2018/04/12/will-the-oil-price-blow-up-with-the-middle-east/~~#166754c23d19~~ High oil prices are the cure for Asian deflation.The Diplomat 8/3/16 (8/3, "Higher Oil Prices Could Save Asia From Deflation", http://thediplomat.com/2016/08/higher-oil-prices-could-save-asia-from-deflation/) Sustained deflation is death for the Japanese economyRubino 7/3/16 (7/3, John, Finance MBA from NYU and author of The Money Bubble, "Something Huge Is Coming From Japan", http://dollarcollapse.com/japan/something-huge-coming-japan/) Goes nuclearElliott 02 (Larry Elliott, The Guardian, "Defenceless Japan awaits typhoon," https://www.theguardian.com/money/2002/feb/11/business.globalrecession) ME war stops Saudi Arabia nuclear energy developmentGreen 17 ~Dr Jim Green is the national nuclear campaigner with Friends of the Earth, Australia and editor of the Nuclear Monitor newsletter, published by the World Information Service on Energy. Is Saudi Arabia going nuclear? April 12, 2017. https://www.wiseinternational.org/nuclear-monitor/854/saudi-arabia-going-nuclear~~ Causes prolif – even if not, causes enrichment and reprocessing techGreen 17 ~Dr Jim Green is the national nuclear campaigner with Friends of the Earth, Australia and editor of the Nuclear Monitor newsletter, published by the World Information Service on Energy. Is Saudi Arabia going nuclear? April 12, 2017. https://www.wiseinternational.org/nuclear-monitor/854/saudi-arabia-going-nuclear~~ Nuclear warGerzhoy and Miller 16 ~Gene Gerzhoy is a congressional fellow with the American Political Science Association. Nick Miller is an assistant professor of political science and international and public affairs at Brown University. Donald Trump thinks more countries should have nuclear weapons. Here's what the research says. April 6, 2016. https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/monkey-cage/wp/2016/04/06/should-more-countries-have-nuclear-weapons-donald-trump-thinks-so/?noredirect=onandutm_term=.1c54134ffee8~~ Prolif causes nuclear war and terrorism – accidents, brinksmanship, adventurism, and preemptive strikes – all of that makes Middle East war more escalatoryKroenig 15 ~Matthew, Associate Professor and International Relations Field Chair in the Department of Government and School of Foreign Service at Georgetown University, 2015. "The History of Proliferation Optimism: Does It Have a Future?" Journal of Strategic Studies, Volume 38, Issue 1-2, 2015~ | 10/30/21 |
3 - IT - Quarantines GoodTournament: Meadows | Round: 3 | Opponent: Canyon Crest SZ | Judge: Truman Le No extinction from disease:1~ Resilience and countermeasures prevent spread – distinct from burnoutAdalja 16 2~ Intervening actors checkZakaria 9—Editor of Newsweek, BA from Yale, PhD in pol sci, Harvard. He serves on the board of Yale University, The Council on Foreign Relations, The Trilateral Commission, and Shakespeare and Company. Named "one of the 21 most important people of the 21st Century" (Fareed, "The Capitalist Manifesto: Greed Is Good," 13 June 2009, http://www.newsweek.com/id/201935) 3~ Their Naish ev does not get to extinction – it asserts new diseases would be highly transmissible but not disprove tradeoff with lethality – asserting its existential without a warrant isn't an argumentScenario 1 is warming:1~ Disease outbreaks will be defeated with quarantinesSzalai 7/26 ~(Jennifer Szalai - author for the NYT) "The Extradordinary History (and likely busy future) of quarantine" The New York Times. 7-26-2021~ 2~ Quarantines solve climate change – COVID was responsible for the largest drop in emissions everAlexander 20 ~(Kurtis, a general assignment reporter for The San Francisco Chronicle, frequently writing about water, wildfire, climate and the American West. His recent work has focused on the impacts of drought, the widening rural-urban divide and state and federal environmental policy. Before joining the Chronicle, Alexander worked as a freelance writer and as a staff reporter for several media organizations, including The Fresno Bee and Bay Area News Group, writing about government, politics and the environment.) "Coronavirus has altered the global warming trajectory. But for how long?" San Francisco Chronicle, 5/20/20, https://www.sfchronicle.com/health/article/Greenhouse-gas-emissions-on-track-for-record-drop-15279312.php~~ TDI 3~ Shutdowns solve climate change – substantially reduce emissions, air and water pollution, directs attention to climateChow 20 ~(Denise, a reporter for NBC News Science focused on general science and climate change) "Coronavirus shutdowns have unintended climate benefits: cleaner air, clearer water," NBC News, 3/18/20, https://www.nbcnews.com/science/environment/coronavirus-shutdowns-have-unintended-climate-benefits-n1161921~~ DRD | 10/30/21 |
3 - IT - Russia War GoodTournament: Voices RR | Round: 4 | Opponent: Sequoia AS | Judge: David Dosch The US responds to Russian attacks against them OR allies with a devastating counterforce – that crushes Russia.Lonsdale 19 ~David Lonsdale is the Director of the Centre for Security Studies at the University of Hull, UK, "The 2018 Nuclear Posture Review: A return to nuclear warfighting?," Comparative Strategy 28:2, pub. online, May 17, 2019~ That initial strike will completely destroy their nuclear arsenalHans Kristensen et al 17, Associate Senior Fellow with the SIPRI Disarmament, Arms Control and Non-proliferation Programme, director of the Nuclear Information Project with the Federation of American Scientists, co-author to the world nuclear forces overview in the SIPRI Yearbook (Oxford University Press) and a frequent adviser to the news media on nuclear weapons policy and operations, "How US nuclear force modernization is undermining strategic stability: The burst-height compensating super-fuze", Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, https://thebulletin.org/2017/03/how-us-nuclear-force-modernization-is-undermining-strategic-stability-the-burst-height-compensating-super-fuze/ Successful strike in 22 minutes forces a surrender – solves further escalationJohnson 17 ~Sarah Johnson, Writer for BillTrack50, citing Jeffrey Lewis, director of the East Asia Nonproliferation Program for the James Martin Center for Nonproliferation Studies at the Middlebury Institute of International Studies at Monterey, April 27, 2017, "U.S. Nuclear First Strike Policy; Be Afraid," https://www.billtrack50.com/blog/in-the-news/u-s-nuclear-first-strike-policy-be-afraid~~ Missile defense will absorb any missiles that survive our initial strikeLieber and Press 6 – Keir, Professor @ Georgetown, Daryl, Professor @ Dartmouth, "The End of MAD? The Nuclear Dimension of U.S. Primacy", https://www.mitpressjournals.org/doi/pdf/10.1162/isec.2006.30.4.7 Limited nuclear war doesn't cause extinction – BUT – solves future use – their Edwards ev assumes a much larger war – no warrant for draw inDeudney 18 ~Daniel H. Deudney, Associate Professor of Political Science at Johns Hopkins University, March 15, 2018, "The Great Debate," The Oxford Handbook of International Security, www.oxfordhandbooks.com, doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198777854.013.22~ Otherwise, Russia will broadly scale up military AI – extinctionRogers 17 ~Mike Rogers is a former US Representative from Michigan, chairman of the House Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence, "Artificial intelligence — the arms race we may not be able to control," TheHill, September 21, 2017, https://thehill.com/opinion/technology/351725-artificial-intelligence-is-the-new-arms-race-we-may-not-be-able-to-control~~ | 10/30/21 |
3 - IT - Space Militarization GoodTournament: Meadows | Round: Doubles | Opponent: Westlake MR | Judge: Jacob Smith, Davina Le, Alex Baez Their ev says econ decline weakens global institutions and international law that check space competition – Sage reads blueAC McLennan 21 – Strategic Partners Marsh McLennan SK Group Zurich Insurance Group, Academic Advisers National University of Singapore Oxford Martin School, University of Oxford Wharton Risk Management and Decision Processes Center, University of Pennsylvania, "The Global Risks Report 2021 16th Edition" "http://www3.weforum.org/docs/WEF_The_Global_Risks_Report_2021.pdf Re-cut by Elmer Those laws are shaped by China – decks US access to strategic advantages in spaceWhite 21, Bret Austin White, "Reordering the Law for a China World Order: China's Legal Warfare Strategy in Outer Space and Cyberspace", 2/2/21, Journal of National Security Law and Policy, Cybersecurity, VOL.11 NO. 2 mvp Space militarization is inevitable, but the US getting there first prevents war and locks in primacy which saves alliesSolano 17 ~Major Joseph Solano, USAF, M.S., Troy University; Master's Thesis 1. REPORT DATE 9-06-2017 2. REPORT TYPE: Master's Thesis "Weaponizing the Final Frontier: The United States and the New Space Race" http://www.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/1039544.pdf~~ Decline causes unstable nuclear alliances – escalates to multistate nuclear warHayes 18 ~Peter Hayes, Nautilus Institute, Berkeley, California, USA; Center for International Security Studies, Sydney University. Trump and the Interregnum of American Nuclear Hegemony. November 8, 2018. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/25751654.2018.1532525~~ | 11/1/21 |
3 - IT - Terrorism GoodTournament: Greenhill | Round: Doubles | Opponent: Loyola AP | Judge: Rodrigo Paramo, Nick Fleming, Felicity Park No terminal to terror outside of pandemic instability – we'll impact turn it—ensures nanotech innovation that enables rapid detection and neutralization of future biological attacksTaeyjuana Curry PhD, 3-10-2016, ~phd in physics@umich~ "Nanoparticles – 5 Ways These "Little Fighters" Are Making a Big Impact in the War on Terrorism," Sustainable Nano, http://sustainable-nano.com/2016/03/10/nanoparticles-war-on-terrorism/ RE Bioweapons cause extinction and are coming nowMillett 17. Millett, Ph.D., Senior Research Fellow, Future of Humanity Institute, University of Oxford; and Snyder-Beattie, M.S., Director of Research, Future of Humanity Institute, University of Oxford. 08-01-2017. "Existential Risk and Cost-Effective Biosecurity," Health Security, 15(4), PubMed | 9/20/21 |
3 - IT - WTO BadTournament: Meadows | Round: 1 | Opponent: Harvard-Westlake IC | Judge: Ben Cortez WTO not key – gut checkTrade wars don't go to hot warsDayen 17, New Republic contributor (David "Trump Is Signaling a Trade War, but It's Not as Disastrous as You May Think", https://www.thenation.com/article/trump-is-signaling-a-trade-war-but-its-not-as-disastrous-as-you-may-think/) Declining trade increases cooperation.Christina L. Davis and Krzysztof J. Pelc 17, Christina L. Davis is a Professor of Politics and International Affairs at Princeton; Krzysztof J. Pelc is an Associate Professor of Political Science at McGill University, "Cooperation in Hard Times: Self-restraint of Trade Protection," Journal of Conflict Resolution, 61(2): 398-429 Carbon border tax coming now and key to solving warming.Kellard 1/28 Neil Kellard ~Dean, Professor in Finance, Essex Business School, University of Essex~ "Why the EU's proposed carbon border levy is an important test for global action on climate change" January 28, 2021 https://theconversation.com/why-the-eus-proposed-carbon-border-levy-is-an-important-test-for-global-action-on-climate-change-154041 SM Lack of WTO legitimacy is key – the threat of disputes deters action.Ashurst 7/16 Ashurst ~A progressive global law firm~ Proposed EU Regulation on CBAM, July 16 2021, https://www.ashurst.com/en/news-and-insights/legal-updates/proposed-eu-regulation-of-cbam-published/ SM Otherwise, countries dispute through the WTOBrooks 7/21 "Trade experts positive on EU's CBAM, despite risk of rich nation-poor nation rift", July 21 2021 Cristina Brooks ~Senior Journalist, Climate and Sustainability, IHS Markit~ https://ihsmarkit.com/research-analysis/—trade-experts-positive-on-eus-cbam-despite-risk-of-rich-nati.html SM Short-term action to mitigate climate change solves extinction and nuclear warPester 8/30/21 (Patrick, staff writer for Live Science. His background is in wildlife conservation and he has worked with endangered species around the world. Patrick holds a master's degree in international journalism from Cardiff University in the U.K. and is currently finishing a second master's degree in biodiversity, evolution and conservation in action at Middlesex University London. Citing Luke Kemp, a research associate at the Centre for the Study of Existential Risk at the University of Cambridge in the United Kingdom AND Michael Mann, PhD, distinguished professor of atmospheric science at Penn State. "Could climate change make humans go extinct?" https://www.livescience.com/climate-change-humans-extinct.html August 30, 2021)DR 21 WTO legitimacy trades off with the efficacy and legitimacy of regional trade agreements.Kwak and Marceau 16 "Overlaps and Conflicts of Jurisdiction between the World Trade Organization and Regional Trade Agreements," Kyung Kwak ~Kyung Kwak is an associate of a law firm, Ashurst, in Brussel~ and Gabrielle Marceau ~Gabrielle Marceau, Ph.D., is counsellor in the Légal Affairs Division of the Secretariat to the World Trade Organization~ Published online by Cambridge University Press: 09 March 2016 https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/canadian-yearbook-of-international-law-annuaire-canadien-de-droit-international/article/abs/overlaps-and-conflicts-of-jurisdiction-between-the-world-trade-organization-and-regional-trade-agreements/6C0C9CA77BED3390A38226F9E01EB44D SM Regional trade integration is key to the African economy.Gammadigbe 21 IMF Working Paper Strategy, Policy, and Review "Is Regional Trade Integration a Growth and Convergence Engine in Africa?" Prepared by Vigninou Gammadigbe ~Research Fellow at Banque Centrale des Etats de l'Afrique de l'Ouest Authorized for distribution by Johannes Wiegand January 2021 https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WP/Issues/2021/01/29/Is-Regional-Trade-Integration-a-Growth-and-Convergence-Engine-in-Africa-50040 SM That's key to preventing terror.Ray 1/11 "Does Africa Matter to the United States?" Charles A. Ray ~a member of the Board of Trustees and Chair of the Africa Program at the Foreign Policy Research Institute, served as U.S. Ambassador to the Kingdom of Cambodia and the Republic of Zimbabwe~ January 11, 2021 https://www.fpri.org/article/2021/01/does-africa-matter-to-the-united-states/ SM Causes terrorist CBW usage.Fyanka 20 Bernard B. Fyanka (epartment of History and International Studies, Redeemer's University) (2020): Chemical, biological, radiological and nuclear (CBRN) terrorism: Rethinking Nigeria's counterterrorism strategy, African Security Review, DOI: 10.1080/10246029.2019.1698441 (SGK) COVID incentivizes engineered bioterror- extinctionWalsh, 20 — Axios Future correspondent ~Bryan Walsh, "The coronavirus pandemic reawakens bioweapon fears," Axios, 5-14-2020, https://www.axios.com/coronavirus-pandemic-pathogen-bioweapon-45417c86-52aa-41b1-8a99-44a6e597d3a8.html, accessed 9-7-2020~ | 11/8/21 |
3 - NC - AntirealismTournament: Voices RR | Round: 4 | Opponent: Sequoia AS | Judge: David Dosch Pain's badness is a contingent truth – if evolution favored those who pursued pain, our evaluative judgements would be differentStreet 06 ~(Sharon, Professor of Philosophy and Associate Chair of the Department of Philosophy at New York University) "A Darwinian Dilemma for Realist Theories of Value," Springer, 2006~ Selective pressures have had a relentless impact on the content of our evaluative judgements – shared values and animal tendencies proveStreet 06 ~(Sharon, Professor of Philosophy and Associate Chair of the Department of Philosophy at New York University) "A Darwinian Dilemma for Realist Theories of Value," Springer, 2006~ ====The Darwinian Dilemma makes moral realism impossible – the realist must defend judgements being true by pure coincidence or an anti-scientific account of evolution ==== That negates:The aff must prove that states have a moral obligation to reduce IP for medicines.Ought expresses a moral obligationDictionary n.d. ~(Dictionary.com) "Ought"~ JL Ought statements assume moral realismAnscombe 58 ~(G.E.M. Anscombe) Modern Moral Philosophy, The Journal of the The Royal Institute of Philosophy, 1/1958~ DRD Even if antirealist normative frameworks can generate obligations, the aff has read a utilitarian framework that relies on categorical condemnations – winning antirealism means their framework might be true but it can't generate obligations | 10/30/21 |
3 - NC - UtilTournament: Loyola | Round: 3 | Opponent: Strake Jesuit JS | Judge: Gordon Krauss Synthetic a posteriori moral naturalism is the basis of ethics:A~ The normative supervenes on the natural – natural facts like whether brains develop to permit rationality or subjectivity determine whether non naturalist moral facts can be premised on things like capacity for reasonLutz and Lenman 18. Lutz, Matthew and Lenman, James, "Moral Naturalism", The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Fall 2018 Edition), Edward N. Zalta (ed.), URL = https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/fall2018/entries/naturalism-moral/. Massa That outweighs – controversy prevents acting on moral laws, but lack of philosophical controversy on the correlation between moral and natural facts indicates naturalism guides action.B~ The problem of disagreement – resolving a priori conflicts requires indicting the epistemological basis of one's judgement with a reliable process for deriving moral truths which is impossible given widespread moral disagreement about non verifiable a priori truth – grounding ethics with verifiable natural facts solveCopp 7, D. Why Naturalism? Morality in a Natural World, 33–54. doi:10.1017/cbo9780511497940.003 Massa Next, phenomenal introspection can bridge the gap from experiential natural facts to moral truths and necessitates hedonism. When I observe a lemon's yellowness shifting my visual fields from darker to lighter shades, I can introspect on that experience and identify brightness as an intrinsic property of seeing a lemon. Similarly, when I feel pleasure, I can introspect on the shift in hedonic tones and identify that goodness is an intrinsic property of the pleasure that was increased.This connection between pain and pleasure and phenomenal conceptions of intrinsic value and disvalue is irrefutable – everything else regresses – robust neuroscience proves.Blum et al. 18 Kenneth Blum, 1Department of Psychiatry, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Dayton VA Medical Center, Wright State University, Dayton, OH, USA 2Department of Psychiatry, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA 3Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Keck Medicine University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA 4Division of Applied Clinical Research and Education, Dominion Diagnostics, LLC, North Kingstown, RI, USA 5Department of Precision Medicine, Geneus Health LLC, San Antonio, TX, USA 6Department of Addiction Research and Therapy, Nupathways Inc., Innsbrook, MO, USA 7Department of Clinical Neurology, Path Foundation, New York, NY, USA 8Division of Neuroscience-Based Addiction Therapy, The Shores Treatment and Recovery Center, Port Saint Lucie, FL, USA 9Institute of Psychology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary 10Division of Addiction Research, Dominion Diagnostics, LLC. North Kingston, RI, USA 11Victory Nutrition International, Lederach, PA., USA 12National Human Genome Center at Howard University, Washington, DC., USA, Marjorie Gondré-Lewis, 12National Human Genome Center at Howard University, Washington, DC., USA 13Departments of Anatomy and Psychiatry, Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, DC US, Bruce Steinberg, 4Division of Applied Clinical Research and Education, Dominion Diagnostics, LLC, North Kingstown, RI, USA, Igor Elman, 15Department Psychiatry, Cooper University School of Medicine, Camden, NJ, USA, David Baron, 3Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Keck Medicine University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA, Edward J Modestino, 14Department of Psychology, Curry College, Milton, MA, USA, Rajendra D Badgaiyan, 15Department Psychiatry, Cooper University School of Medicine, Camden, NJ, USA, Mark S Gold 16Department of Psychiatry, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA, "Our evolved unique pleasure circuit makes humans different from apes: Reconsideration of data derived from animal studies", U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, 28 February 2018, accessed: 19 August 2020, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6446569/, R.S. Finally, the Darwinian dilemma proves the failure of every non utilitarian ethic and proves the accuracy of phenomenal introspection. Moral beliefs we hold have shifted over time and as humanity evolved which means either moral facts have changed with evolution, which contradicts the basic tenants of moral realism, or evolution has randomly led us to identify the external moral truths. This is statistically impossible since evolution doesn't track morality – there is no evolutionary pressure to identify moral truths that have no bearing on natural features of the world that impact survival and reproduction.Hedonism escapes this dilemma through the byproduct hypothesis. It is evolutionarily advantageous to have accuracy in our ability to introspect on experiences. The part of the brain that identifies intrinsic features of the experiential data provided by our eyes or ears, such as whether one sees or smells food or a predator, is the same part of the brain that introspects on hedonic tones and identifies their moral relevance. The ability to correctly identify moral truths is evolutionarily advantageous if that ability is a byproduct of a different trait that enables survival and reproduction.Thus, the standard is consistency with hedonic act utilitarianism. Prefer it:1~ Actor specificity –A~ Aggregation – every policy benefits some and harms others, which also means side constraints freeze action.B~ No intent-foresight distinction for governments – deliberating over an action requires analysis of foreseen consequences which could be prevented which makes them intrinsic to state actionC~ Governments aren't singular rational agents which makes theories about individuals irrelevant – only consequentialism solves by analyzing ends divorced from an actor3~ Extinction comes first – moral theories convergePummer 15 ~Theron, Junior Research Fellow in Philosophy at St. Anne's College, University of Oxford. "Moral Agreement on Saving the World" Practical Ethics, University of Oxford. May 18, 2015~ AT | 9/20/21 |
ND - CP - Dock Workers PICTournament: Longhorn | Round: Octas | Opponent: Northland LB | Judge: Cale McCrary, Joshua Porter, Wyatt Hatfield Counterplan:The Republic of Kenya shouldrecognize an unconditional right of workers to strike with the exception of dock workersmake striking by all dock workers a federal crime and implement penalties modelled after New York City Taylor Law including two-for-one fines, lifetime bans from federal jobs, and jail time.The CP shuts down Port Strikes.Bauernschuster et Al 17, Stefan, Timo Hener, and Helmut Rainer. "When labor disputes bring cities to a standstill: The impact of public transit strikes on traffic, accidents, air pollution, and health." American Economic Journal: Economic Policy 9.1 (2017): 1-37. (Faculty of Business Administration and Economics, University of Passau, Innstra)Elmer Kenyan dock worker strikes coming now.Atieno 11/10 "Kenya: Port Workers to Down Tools in Pay Row" Winnie Atieno 10 NOVEMBER 2021 https://allafrica.com/stories/202111110052.html SM Dock worker strikes disrupt regional trade.Burite 15 "Strike at East Africa's Biggest Harbor Disrupts Regional Trade" Joseph Burite July 3, 2015 https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2015-07-03/strike-at-east-africa-s-biggest-harbor-disrupts-regional-trade SM Regional Economic Integration solves Terrorism.Demeke 14, Memar Ayalew, and Solomon Gebreyohans Gebru. "The Role of Regional Economic Communities in Fighting Terrorism in Africa: The Case of Inter-Governmental Authority on Development (IGAD)." European Scientific Journal (2014). (Addis Ababa Science and Technology University, Governance and Regional Integration at the Pan-African University, Institute of Governance, Humanities and Social Sciences, Cameroun)Elmer | 12/13/21 |
ND - CP - MSATournament: Longhorn | Round: Octas | Opponent: Northland LB | Judge: Cale McCrary, Joshua Porter, Wyatt Hatfield Counterplan:The Republic of Kenya should recognize a conditional right of essential service workers to strike dependent on the creation of a minimum service agreementThe Republic of Kenya should recognize an unconditional right of non-essential service workers to strikeNone of their evidence advocates for the plan – control F unconditional in their cards. Their solvency evidence explitily concludes that minimum standards for strikes that ensure SOME essential service workers provide services not only solve the aff but are necessary for public health, which straight turns advantage 2AC Gathongo, Johana, and Leah Ndimurwimo 20. (Dr Johana Kambo Gathongo is currently a Law Lecturer and Ag. Dean at the University of Embu, School of Law. He teaches Tort Law and Legal Research and Writing. Dr Gathongo received his Legum Baccalaureus (LLB) degree, Master of Laws (LLM) degree and Doctor of Laws (LLD) degree from the Nelson Mandela University (NMU). He also holds a Post Graduate Diploma in Labour Law Practice directed by the Commission for Conciliation Mediation and Arbitration (CCMA – South Africa). While at NMU, Dr Gathongo served as a Teaching Assistant, a Supplemental Instruction (SI) Leader and Supplemental Instruction Coordinator. He is also a research associate at Nelson Mandela University, Faculty of Law in South Africa. He has supervised and still supervises Masters (LLM – research) and examines students' in the field of Labour law at Nelson Mandela University, Faculty of Law. Dr. Gathongo also writes frequently for publications. He is the author or co-author of many papers in international refereed journals and has contributed in conferences. He serves as a peer reviewer for the Journal of Law and Ethics – Kabarak University. Besides working at NMU, Dr Gathongo has also worked at Rhodes University in South Africa as an acting Employee Relations (ER) Manager. While there, he represented the University at the CCMA proceedings, initiated staff disciplinary hearing, advised Heads of Department (HoDs) on various institutional matters, assisted in drafting, reviewing and amending internal Policies, provided advice on various amendments to labour legislation, monitored compliance with internal University Policies, labour and other relevant legislation. He subsequently held the position of Senior Administrator: Legal, Support, Projects and Services at Rhodes University until 30 June 2019. Research Interests - His research is situated in the field of Law, with a special focus on Labour Law.) (Dr Ndimurwimo is an academic in South African and international law. She hold an LLD in Public International Law from the North-West University (South Africa), LLM in Labour Law from the then Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, now Nelson Mandela University (South Africa), and LLB from Tanzania. She currently lectures undergraduate students in Higher Certificate in Criminal Justice, Diploma in Law Enforcement, and LLB programs. Along with that, supervise both undergraduate and postgraduate law students in labour law, public law, and multidisciplinary studies. She is an author and co-author of peer-reviewed publications on violations of human rights in Africa. She reviews manuscripts for accredited journals and examines postgraduate studies (Masters and Doctorate) from other universities. She presented a number of conference papers at national and international levels. She has been working at Nelson Mandela University, as a lecturer/ senior lecturer from 2006- to date. her passion lies in, international human rights; humanitarian law; constitutional law, refugee law; transitional justice and labour law in Africa; research and most importantly, teaching and motivating students to reach their greatest potential.) "Strikes in Essential Services in Kenya: The Doctors, Nurses and Clinical Officers' Strikes Revisited and Lessons from South Africa." The Scientific Electronic Library Online, Nelson Mandela University, Feb. 2020, www.scielo.org.za/scielo.php?script=sci_arttextandpid=S1727-37812020000100006.JQ Also solves court legitimacy – their evAC Gathongo, Johana, and Leah Ndimurwimo 20. (Dr Johana Kambo Gathongo is currently a Law Lecturer and Ag. Dean at the University of Embu, School of Law. He teaches Tort Law and Legal Research and Writing. Dr Gathongo received his Legum Baccalaureus (LLB) degree, Master of Laws (LLM) degree and Doctor of Laws (LLD) degree from the Nelson Mandela University (NMU). He also holds a Post Graduate Diploma in Labour Law Practice directed by the Commission for Conciliation Mediation and Arbitration (CCMA – South Africa). While at NMU, Dr Gathongo served as a Teaching Assistant, a Supplemental Instruction (SI) Leader and Supplemental Instruction Coordinator. He is also a research associate at Nelson Mandela University, Faculty of Law in South Africa. He has supervised and still supervises Masters (LLM – research) and examines students' in the field of Labour law at Nelson Mandela University, Faculty of Law. Dr. Gathongo also writes frequently for publications. He is the author or co-author of many papers in international refereed journals and has contributed in conferences. He serves as a peer reviewer for the Journal of Law and Ethics – Kabarak University. Besides working at NMU, Dr Gathongo has also worked at Rhodes University in South Africa as an acting Employee Relations (ER) Manager. While there, he represented the University at the CCMA proceedings, initiated staff disciplinary hearing, advised Heads of Department (HoDs) on various institutional matters, assisted in drafting, reviewing and amending internal Policies, provided advice on various amendments to labour legislation, monitored compliance with internal University Policies, labour and other relevant legislation. He subsequently held the position of Senior Administrator: Legal, Support, Projects and Services at Rhodes University until 30 June 2019. Research Interests - His research is situated in the field of Law, with a special focus on Labour Law.) (Dr Ndimurwimo is an academic in South African and international law. She hold an LLD in Public International Law from the North-West University (South Africa), LLM in Labour Law from the then Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, now Nelson Mandela University (South Africa), and LLB from Tanzania. She currently lectures undergraduate students in Higher Certificate in Criminal Justice, Diploma in Law Enforcement, and LLB programs. Along with that, supervise both undergraduate and postgraduate law students in labour law, public law, and multidisciplinary studies. She is an author and co-author of peer-reviewed publications on violations of human rights in Africa. She reviews manuscripts for accredited journals and examines postgraduate studies (Masters and Doctorate) from other universities. She presented a number of conference papers at national and international levels. She has been working at Nelson Mandela University, as a lecturer/ senior lecturer from 2006- to date. her passion lies in, international human rights; humanitarian law; constitutional law, refugee law; transitional justice and labour law in Africa; research and most importantly, teaching and motivating students to reach their greatest potential.) "Strikes in Essential Services in Kenya: The Doctors, Nurses and Clinical Officers' Strikes Revisited and Lessons from South Africa." The Scientific Electronic Library Online, Nelson Mandela University, Feb. 2020, www.scielo.org.za/scielo.php?script=sci_arttextandpid=S1727-37812020000100006.JQ | 12/13/21 |
SO - CP - AMR PICTournament: Voices | Round: Semis | Opponent: Harker AR | Judge: David Dosch, Felicity Park, Lukas Krause CP: The member nations of the World Trade Organization should allow exclusivity to be extended indefinitely for antimicrobial drugs per Salmieri. The member nations of the World Trade Organization should reduce intellectual property protections for all other emergency use listing medicines during public health emergencies.Salmieri 18 "INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY AND THE FREEDOM NEEDED TO SOLVE THE CRISIS OF RESISTANT INFECTIONS" 2018 Gregory Salmieri ~Ph.D., Philosophy, 2008, University of Pittsburgh; B.A. 2001, The College of New Jersey. Fellow, The Anthem Foundation for Objectivist Scholarship; Lecturer, Philosophy Department, Rutgers University~ http://georgemasonlawreview.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/26-1_7-Salmieri.pdf SM AMR competes – that's the UN.UN 18 12 November 2018 "Antimicrobial resistance a 'global health emergency,' UN, ahead of awareness week" https://news.un.org/en/node/1025511/antimicrobial-resistance-a-global-health-emergency-un-ahead-of-awareness-week-2 SM Even if the aff incentivizes innovation they cannot incentivize innovation in anti-microbial research – the problem right now is lack of profit incentives for innovation and responsible stewardship.Salmieri 18 "INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY AND THE FREEDOM NEEDED TO SOLVE THE CRISIS OF RESISTANT INFECTIONS" 2018 Gregory Salmieri ~Ph.D., Philosophy, 2008, University of Pittsburgh; B.A. 2001, The College of New Jersey. Fellow, The Anthem Foundation for Objectivist Scholarship; Lecturer, Philosophy Department, Rutgers University~ http://georgemasonlawreview.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/26-1_7-Salmieri.pdf SM Only antimicrobial resistance causes extinction—-microbiome collapse and superbugsGarrett 16. (Laurie Garrett is a Pulitzer prize-winning science journalist and writer of two bestselling books. She was awarded the Pulitzer Prize for Explanatory Journalism in 1996 for a series of works published in Newsday, chronicling the Ebola virus outbreak in Zaire. Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria and the World's Peril. September 19, 2016. https://blogs.scientificamerican.com/guest-blog/antibiotic-resistant-bacteria-and-the-world-s-peril/) | 10/12/21 |
SO - CP - Adv vs EvergreeningTournament: Valley RR | Round: Semis | Opponent: Plano East AW | Judge: Nethmin Liyanage, Brixz Gonzaba, Tajaih Robinson Counterplan: States should:Impose price controls on medicines designed to reduce projected excess costs to 0 dollarsReimburse pharmaceutical companies for any reduced profit margins caused by price controls | 9/25/21 |
SO - CP - Adv vs GenomicsTournament: Greenhill RR | Round: 3 | Opponent: Immaculate Heart BC | Judge: Elijah Smith, John Sims | 9/17/21 |
SO - CP - Chinese DistributionTournament: Greenhill | Round: 1 | Opponent: Eagan AE | Judge: Jack Quisenberry CP: The People's Republic of China should:- substantially increase production and global distribution of the COVID-19 Vaccine- cooperate with allies to achieve increased production and global distribution of the COVID-19 Vaccine.That solves better – IP rights don't hinder vaccine cooperation, but manufacturing capacity is the current constraint.Evidence is in the context of a us proposal but could be modeled for any country with wide access China's using absence of vaccine alternates to assert influence.Zhao 4-29 Suisheng Zhao 4-29-2021 "Why China's vaccine diplomacy is winning" https://www.eastasiaforum.org/2021/04/29/why-chinas-vaccine-diplomacy-is-winning/ (Professor and Director of the Center for China–US Cooperation at the Josef Korbel School of International Studies, University of Denver)Elmer Waivers are a critical issue in the perceptual ineptness of America and the West.Pratt and Levin 4-29 Simon Frankel Pratt and Jamie Levin 4-29-2021 "Vaccines Will Shape the New Geopolitical Order" https://archive.is/OgDcA~~#selection-847.23-857.11 (Simon Frankel Pratt is a lecturer in the School of Sociology, Politics, and International Studies at the University of Bristol. Jamie Levin is an assistant professor of political science at St. Francis Xavier University in Canada.)Elmer Chinese leadership solves existential threats.Yamei 18 Shen Yamei 18, Deputy Director and Associate Research Fellow of Department for American Studies, China Institute of International Studies, 1-9-2018, "Probing into the "Chinese Solution" for the Transformation of Global Governance," CAIFC, http://www.caifc.org.cn/en/content.aspx?id=4491 Solves case – China vaccinates the world.Mallapaty 6-9 Smriti Mallapaty 6-9-2021 "China is vaccinating a staggering 20 million people a day" https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-021-01545-3 (She has a master of science degree in environmental technology from Imperial College London.)Elmer | 9/18/21 |
SO - CP - Chinese Distribution v2Tournament: Voices | Round: Semis | Opponent: Harker AR | Judge: David Dosch, Felicity Park, Lukas Krause CP: The member nations of the World Trade Organization ought to reduce intellectual property protections for emergency use listing medicines during public health emergencies other than Covid-19 of international concern.The People's Republic of China should:- substantially increase innovation funding, production and global distribution of COVID-19 Vaccines for all current and future waves of the pandemic- includes Sinovac, sionpharm, and any future vaccines - cooperate with allies to achieve increased production and global distribution of the COVID-19 Vaccine.Solves case – China vaccinates the world – even if I kick the counterplan distribution happens anywayPreempt bad – Gostin just manufacturing ~good bc quantity + new waves – cp solves both China's using absence of vaccine alternates to assert influence.Zhao 4-29 Suisheng Zhao 4-29-2021 "Why China's vaccine diplomacy is winning" https://www.eastasiaforum.org/2021/04/29/why-chinas-vaccine-diplomacy-is-winning/ (Professor and Director of the Center for China–US Cooperation at the Josef Korbel School of International Studies, University of Denver)Elmer Waivers are a critical issue in the perceptual ineptness of America and the West.Pratt and Levin 4-29 Simon Frankel Pratt and Jamie Levin 4-29-2021 "Vaccines Will Shape the New Geopolitical Order" https://archive.is/OgDcA~~#selection-847.23-857.11 (Simon Frankel Pratt is a lecturer in the School of Sociology, Politics, and International Studies at the University of Bristol. Jamie Levin is an assistant professor of political science at St. Francis Xavier University in Canada.)Elmer Chinese hegemony squashes separatist movements.Ryan D. Griffiths 16, Sydney IR senior lecturer, "States, Nations, and Territorial Stability: Why Chinese Hegemony Would Be Better for International Order," Security Studies, 25:3, 519-545 WWIII – turns and outweighs the entire case because it makes management of the commons impossibleValaskakis 14, Former OECD Ambassador of Canada (Kimon, "Separatism Everywhere : The New Global Epidemic," http://www.huffingtonpost.com/kimon-valaskakis/separatism-everywhere-the_b_4977800.html) | 10/12/21 |
SO - CP - Chinese Distribution v3Tournament: Meadows | Round: 1 | Opponent: Harvard-Westlake IC | Judge: Ben Cortez CP: The People's Republic of China should:- Substantially increase innovation funding, production and global distribution of COVID-19 Vaccines for all current and future waves of the pandemic- includes Sinovac, sionpharm, and any future vaccines - cooperate with allies to achieve increased production and global distribution of the COVID-19 Vaccine.The Republic of China should:End domestic production of all Covid Vaccine 19sCancel all future purchases of vaccines from any nation other than the People's Republic of ChinaTaiwan planks solve adv 1 Solves case – China vaccinates the world.Mallapaty 6-9 Smriti Mallapaty 6-9-2021 "China is vaccinating a staggering 20 million people a day" https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-021-01545-3 (She has a master of science degree in environmental technology from Imperial College London.)Elmer China's using absence of vaccine alternates to assert influence.Zhao 4-29 Suisheng Zhao 4-29-2021 "Why China's vaccine diplomacy is winning" https://www.eastasiaforum.org/2021/04/29/why-chinas-vaccine-diplomacy-is-winning/ (Professor and Director of the Center for China–US Cooperation at the Josef Korbel School of International Studies, University of Denver)Elmer Waivers are a critical issue in the perceptual ineptness of America and the West.Pratt and Levin 4-29 Simon Frankel Pratt and Jamie Levin 4-29-2021 "Vaccines Will Shape the New Geopolitical Order" https://archive.is/OgDcA~~#selection-847.23-857.11 (Simon Frankel Pratt is a lecturer in the School of Sociology, Politics, and International Studies at the University of Bristol. Jamie Levin is an assistant professor of political science at St. Francis Xavier University in Canada.)Elmer Chinese leadership solves existential threats.Yamei 18 Shen Yamei 18, Deputy Director and Associate Research Fellow of Department for American Studies, China Institute of International Studies, 1-9-2018, "Probing into the "Chinese Solution" for the Transformation of Global Governance," CAIFC, http://www.caifc.org.cn/en/content.aspx?id=4491 | 11/8/21 |
SO - CP - Compulsory LicensingTournament: Loyola | Round: 2 | Opponent: Solebury LM | Judge: Derek Hilligoss CP: "Member nations of the WTO" should declare medical inequality a national emergency on the basis of oppression and issue compulsory licenses for relevant medicines. Member nations should offer regulatory and legal assistance to nations filing a compulsory license.The national emergency declaration matters because normally invocation of compulsory licenses requires an attempt to negotiate a voluntary license first. Invoking national emergency bypasses this It's goldilocks - protects patents while allowing urgent access – the perm or the aff shatters IP protections while the CP strikes an accepted balanceBacchus 2020 (James, Adjunct Fellow, Cato Institute, former U.S. Representative (D-FL), and former Chairman, World Trade Organization's Appellate Body. "An Unnecessary Proposal: A WTO Waiver of Intellectual Property Rights for COVID-19 Vaccines," Cato https://www.cato.org/free-trade-bulletin/unnecessary-proposal-wto-waiver-intellectual-property-rights-covid-19-vaccines~~#balancing-ip-rights-access-medicines-not-new-wto December 16, 2020)DR 21 Compulsory licensing solves access and spills over to distribution of green tech - empirics and past precedentAT: Can't manufacture—can import from foreign firms Diffusion occurs and solves climate. The issue is inexperience and lack of political willAt: WTO backlash- CL for climate now, just from U.S. Balancing patent protection with rapid transfer of green tech is the only way to solve climate changeProbst et al. 2021 (Benedict Probst, University of Cambridge. PhD on economics of clean energy transition from the University of Cambridge. Simon Touboul, MINES Paris Tech, PSL University, Matthieu Glachant MINES ParisTech and Antoine Dechezleprête, OECD. "Global Trends in the Innovation and Diffusion of Climate Change Mitigation Technologies," pre-print under review in Nature Portfolio. https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-266803/v1 Last updated Feb. 2021)DR 21 Short-term action to mitigate climate change solves extinction and nuclear warPester 8/30/21 (Patrick, staff writer for Live Science. His background is in wildlife conservation and he has worked with endangered species around the world. Patrick holds a master's degree in international journalism from Cardiff University in the U.K. and is currently finishing a second master's degree in biodiversity, evolution and conservation in action at Middlesex University London. Citing Luke Kemp, a research associate at the Centre for the Study of Existential Risk at the University of Cambridge in the United Kingdom AND Michael Mann, PhD, distinguished professor of atmospheric science at Penn State. "Could climate change make humans go extinct?" https://www.livescience.com/climate-change-humans-extinct.html August 30, 2021)DR 21 | 9/20/21 |
SO - CP - Compulsory Licensing v2Tournament: Loyola | Round: 3 | Opponent: Strake Jesuit JS | Judge: Gordon Krauss CP: Member nations of the should declare Covid 19 a national emergency on the basis of pandemics harms and issue compulsory licenses for relevant medicines. Member nations should offer regulatory and legal assistance to nations filing a compulsory license.The national emergency declaration matters because normally invocation of compulsory licenses requires an attempt to negotiate a voluntary license first. Invoking national emergency bypasses this Compulsory licensing solves access- empirics and past precedentAT: Can't manufacture—can import from foreign firms It's goldilocks - protects patents while allowing urgent access – the perm or the aff shatters IP protections which crushes innovation while the CP strikes an accepted balanceBacchus 2020 (James, Adjunct Fellow, Cato Institute, former U.S. Representative (D-FL), and former Chairman, World Trade Organization's Appellate Body. "An Unnecessary Proposal: A WTO Waiver of Intellectual Property Rights for COVID-19 Vaccines," Cato https://www.cato.org/free-trade-bulletin/unnecessary-proposal-wto-waiver-intellectual-property-rights-covid-19-vaccines~~#balancing-ip-rights-access-medicines-not-new-wto December 16, 2020)DR 21 Biotech industry strong now – new innovation and RandD coming – prefer our innovation ev – newer and assumes innovatiuon from covid which their ev doesn't – AC Gurgula is just evergreening bad which applies to small percentage of medicinesCancherini et al. 4/30 ~Laura, Engagement Manager @ McKinsey and Company, Joseph Lydon, Associate Partner @ McKinsey and Company, Jorge Santos Da Silva, Senior Partner at McKinsey and Company, and Alexandra Zemp, Partner at McKinsey and Company~ "What's ahead for biotech: Another wave or low tide?", McKinsey and Company, 4-30-2021, https://www.mckinsey.com/industries/pharmaceuticals-and-medical-products/our-insights/whats-ahead-for-biotech-another-wave-or-low-tide ajs Plan destroys innovationMercurio 2/12 (Bryan Mercurio, ~Simon F.S. Li Professor of Law at the Chinese University of Hong Kong (CUHK), having served as Associate Dean (Research) from 2010-14 and again from 2017-19. Professor Mercurio specialises in international economic law (IEL), with particular expertise in the intersection between trade law and intellectual property rights, free trade agreements, trade in services, dispute settlement and increasingly international investment law.~, 2-12-2021, "WTO Waiver from Intellectual Property Protection for COVID-19 Vaccines and Treatments: A Critical Review", No Publication, accessed: 8-8-2021, https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3789820) ajs
A thriving and innovating biopharmaceutical sector is key to prevent future pandemics and bioterror.Marjanovic and Feijao 20 ~(Sonja Marjanovic, Ph.D., Judge Business School, University of Cambridge. Carolina Feijao, Ph.D. in biochemistry, University of Cambridge; M.Sc. in quantitative biology, Imperial College London; B.Sc. in biology, University of Lisbon.) "How to Best Enable Pharma Innovation Beyond the COVID-19 Crisis," RAND Corporation, 05-2020, https://www.rand.org/pubs/perspectives/PEA407-1.html~~ TDI Bioterror coming now and causes extinction – the tech exists and overcomes their impact defenseMillett and Snyder-Beattie '17 ~(Piers Millett: Ph.D., Senior Research Fellow, Future of Humanity Institute, University of Oxford. Andrew Snyder-Beattie: M.S., Director of Research, Future of Humanity Institute, University of Oxford.) " Existential Risk and Cost-Effective Biosecurity," Health Security, 15(4), 08-01-2017, https://www.liebertpub.com/doi/full/10.1089/hs.2017.0028~~ TDI | 9/20/21 |
SO - CP - Consult WHOTournament: Greenhill | Round: 1 | Opponent: Eagan AE | Judge: Jack Quisenberry CP: The member nations of the World Trade Organization should enter into a prior and binding consultation with the World Health Organization over whether to reduce intellectual property protections for medicines by eliminating them in the case of Global Public Health Emergencies. Member nations should support the proposal and adopt the results of consultation.WHO says yes – it supports increasing the availability of generics and limiting TRIPSHoen 03 ~(Ellen T., researcher at the University Medical Centre at the University of Groningen, The Netherlands who has been listed as one of the 50 most influential people in intellectual property by the journal Managing Intellectual Property, PhD from the University of Groningen) "TRIPS, Pharmaceutical Patents and Access to Essential Medicines: Seattle, Doha and Beyond," Chicago Journal of International Law, 2003~ JL Consultation boosts strong leadership, authority, and cohesion among member states – key to WHO legitimacyGostin et al 15 ~(Lawrence O., Linda D. and Timothy J. O'Neill Professor of Global Health Law at Georgetown University, Faculty Director of the O'Neill Institute for National and Global Health Law, Director of the World Health Organization Collaborating Center on Public Health Law and Human Rights, JD from Duke University) "The Normative Authority of the World Health Organization," Georgetown University Law Center, 5/2/2015~ JL WHO is critical to disease prevention – it is the only international institution that can disperse information, standardize global public health, and facilitate public-private cooperationMurtugudde 20 ~(Raghu, professor of atmospheric and oceanic science at the University of Maryland, PhD in mechanical engineering from Columbia University) "Why We Need the World Health Organization Now More Than Ever," Science, 4/19/2020~ JL WHO diplomacy solves great power conflictMurphy 20 ~(Chris, U.S. senator from Connecticut serving on the U.S. Senate Foreign Relations Committee) "The Answer is to Empower, Not Attack, the World Health Organization," War on the Rocks, 4/21/2020~ JL Ought means shouldMerriam Webster n.d. – Merriam Webster's Learner's Dictionary, "ought", http://www.learnersdictionary.com/definition/ought Should means must and is immediateSummers 94 (Justice – Oklahoma Supreme Court, "Kelsey v. Dollarsaver Food Warehouse of Durant", 1994 OK 123, 11-8, http://www.oscn.net/applications/oscn/DeliverDocument.aspCiteID=20287~~marker3fn13) | 9/18/21 |
SO - CP - DSBTournament: Loyola | Round: 5 | Opponent: Millard North NL | Judge: David Dosch | 9/13/21 |
SO - CP - Distribution vs FemTournament: Greenhill | Round: 4 | Opponent: Harrison JP | Judge: Varad Agarwala Counterplan: the member nations of the World Trade Organization should organize an international effort to purchase women's health medicines and distribute it equitably at no cost on a needs basis by declaring it a human right.Solves the aff – their solvency advocate is super vague and just says access needs to increase.1AC Mike 2: Mike, Jennifer H. ~School of Law, American University of Nigeria, Yola, Nigeria, Nigeria~ "Access to essential medicines to guarantee women's rights to health: The pharmaceutical patents connection" Wiley Online Library, 2020. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/jwip.12161 JP | 9/19/21 |
SO - CP - Orphan Drugs vs FemTournament: Greenhill | Round: 4 | Opponent: Harrison JP | Judge: Varad Agarwala CP: The member nations of the World Trade Organization should reduce intellectual property protections for non-orphan drug women's health.Only exclusive patent protection rights paired with incentives can rare diseases that won't be treated under natural market incentives.Henry Grabowski 2, Patents, Innovation and Access to New Pharmaceuticals, Journal of International Economic Law, Volume 5, Issue 4, December 2002, Pages 849–860, https://doi.org/10.1093/jiel/5.4.849 It competes - LPCN 1107 or PTB is a designated orphan drug engineered to reduce pain and prevent preterm birth in women with a history of preterm birth – generates offense under the aff's framing.Lipocine 15 Lipocine Investor Room, 6-2-2015, "Lipocine Receives FDA Orphan Drug Designation for LPCN 1107, an Oral Product Candidate for the Prevention of Preterm Birth," https://ir.lipocine.com/Lipocine-Receives-FDA-Orphan-Drug-Designation-for-LPCN-1107-an-Oral-Product-Candidate-for-the-Prevention-of-Preterm-Birth mvp | 9/19/21 |
SO - CP - Pandemic Trust FundTournament: Voices | Round: 3 | Opponent: Bergen County Academies AK | Judge: David Dosch Counterplan: Member states of the WTO should create a pandemic trust fund per Heinrich and Omer.Solves future pandemics.Heinrich and Omer 9-6 ANDREW C. HEINRICH is Director of Special Projects for the U.S. Senate Foreign Relations Committee. The content of this essay was developed before he joined the U.S. government and reflects his personal views. SAAD B. OMER is Director of the Yale Institute for Global Health., 9-6-2021, "The World Isn't Ready for the Next Outbreak," Foreign Affairs, https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/world/2021-09-06/world-isnt-ready-next-outbreak mvp | 10/9/21 |
SO - CP - RewardsTournament: Greenhill | Round: Octas | Opponent: Harker AS | Judge: Chris Castillo, Felicity Park, David Dosch CP Text: The member states of the European Union ought to provide financial rewards for whistleblowers related to medicines, modelled after the US bounty system established by the Dodd-Frank Act of 2010.Solves better than the aff—empirics – the problem isn't the problem that whistleblowers don't win disputes, its that they don't come forwardMaslen 2018 (Caitlin, Research Associate at Transparency International. MA in Corruption and Governance from the University of Sussex. "Whistleblower Reward Programs" (Anti-Corruption Helpdesk, Transparency International, https://knowledgehub.transparency.org/assets/uploads/helpdesk/Whistleblower-Reward-Programmes-2018.pdf 27 September 2018)DR 21 | 9/20/21 |
SO - CP - Sham LitigationTournament: Meadows | Round: Quarters | Opponent: Ayala AM | Judge: Sam Larson, TJ Maher, Lena Mizrahi | 11/8/21 |
SO - CP - Sui GenerisTournament: Greenhill RR | Round: 1 | Opponent: Westwood PM | Judge: Quentin Clark, Claudia Ribera CP: The member nations of the world trade organization ought to –—-create a new form of Sui Generis patent applications as per Vezina 20—-Grant this form of patent to Indigenous peoples—-Exclude non Indigenous groups from applying for Sui Generis patents and reduce intellectual property protections for medicines for non Indigenous groupsSui generis moral rights framework emphasizing guardianship over ownership and are the only way to stop the appropriate that comes with public knowledge – answers the reforms fail ev bc it bars settlers from using knowledge which isn't sharing – also solves K of IPR used by Indigenous groups bc it uses a new fwVezina 20 "Ensuring Respect for Indigenous Cultures A Moral Rights Approach" Brigitte Vezina ~fellow at the Canadian think tank Centre for International Governance Innovation. She holds a bachelor's degree in law from the Université de Montreal and a master's in law from Georgetown University~, Centre for International Governance Innovation Papers No. 243 — May 2020, https://www.cigionline.org/static/documents/documents/vezina-paper_1.pdf SM Their ev even agrees – 1AC McGinglethe ethnopharmacology community has not yet addressed these questions with sustained debate, nor has there been much done to envision an ethical platform upon which to establish exchange agreements that incorporate 'non-modern' visions of the world. Indigenous communities therefore need sui generis laws to protect their shared cultural heritage and shared natural resources. Reforming IPR is key to affirming native sovereignty. Solves the aff because it shifts away from western conceptions of property, but the perm fails since we think IPR is good.Younging 10 "Intergovernmental Committee On Intellectual Property And Genetic Resources Traditional Knowledge And Folklore" Seventeenth Session Geneva, December 6-10, 2010 Wipo Indigenous Panel On The Role Of The Public Domain Concept: Experiences In The Fields Of Genetic Resources, Traditional Knowledge And Traditional Cultural Expressions: Experiences From Canada Document prepared by Mr. Gregory Younging ~Creative Rights Alliance, Kelowna, Canada, Opaskwayak Cree Nation-Canada~ https://www.wipo.int/edocs/mdocs/tk/en/wipo_grtkf_ic_17/wipo_grtkf_ic_17_inf_5_a.pdf SM | 9/16/21 |
SO - CP - Trade Secrets UQTournament: Greenhill | Round: Octas | Opponent: Harker AS | Judge: Chris Castillo, Felicity Park, David Dosch CP: The member states of the European Union should increase intellectual property protections for trade secrets as outlined by Brant and Lohse – solves unification – EU protections just have to be consistent, not high or lowBrant and Lohse 14(Jennifer Brant and Sebastian Lohse, ~~, 2014, "", No Publication, accessed: 9-18-2021, https://iccwbo.org/content/uploads/sites/3/2017/02/ICC-Research-Trade-Secrets-english.pdf) ajs Trade secrets create incentive for collaboration and drive innovation through profit motives – that turns the aff because companies will increase secrecy.ICC 14 "TRADE SECRETS: TOOLS FOR INNOVATION AND COLLABORATION" 2014 International Chamber of Commerce (ICC) https://iccwbo.org/content/uploads/sites/3/2017/02/ICC-Research-Trade-Secrets-english.pdf SM EU's keyEPM Scientific 19 (202, ~~, 4-1-2019, "Why US Biotech Companies Should Consider Launching in Europe Directly", No Publication, accessed: 9-18-2021, https://www.epmscientific.com/blog/2019/04/why-us-biotech-companies-should-consider-launching-in-europe-directly) ajs Biopharmaceutical innovation is key to prevent future pandemics and bioterror – turns caseMarjanovic and Feijao 20 ~(Sonja Marjanovic, Ph.D., Judge Business School, University of Cambridge. Carolina Feijao, Ph.D. in biochemistry, University of Cambridge; M.Sc. in quantitative biology, Imperial College London; B.Sc. in biology, University of Lisbon.) "How to Best Enable Pharma Innovation Beyond the COVID-19 Crisis," RAND Corporation, 05-2020, https://www.rand.org/pubs/perspectives/PEA407-1.html~~ TDI COVID incentivizes engineered bioterror- extinctionWalsh, 20 — Axios Future correspondent ~Bryan Walsh, "The coronavirus pandemic reawakens bioweapon fears," Axios, 5-14-2020, https://www.axios.com/coronavirus-pandemic-pathogen-bioweapon-45417c86-52aa-41b1-8a99-44a6e597d3a8.html, accessed 9-7-2020~ | 9/20/21 |
SO - CP - Trademarks PICTournament: Voices | Round: Semis | Opponent: Harker AR | Judge: David Dosch, Felicity Park, Lukas Krause CP: The member nations of the World Trade Organization ought to increase trademark protection for medicines. Those states ought to reduce all other forms of intellectual property protections for emergency use listing medicines during public health emergencies of international concern.Strong trademark protection deters counterfeiting and is key to governmental enforcement – they're the mechanism by which the WHO enforces and monitors qualityBPI 08 ~BioProcess International™ is a monthly, controlled-circulation magazine devoted to the development, scale-up, and manufacture of biotherapeutics and biodiagnostics. Each issue provides the global industrial biotherapeutic community with up-to-date, peer-reviewed information~. "IP Strategies to Combat Distribution of Counterfeit Drugs" March 1, 2008 https://bioprocessintl.com/business/intellectual-property/ip-strategies-to-combat-distribution-of-counterfeit-drugs-182314/ SM Turns the aff – exacerbates public health crises.Miller and Wayne 20 "Fraud in Your Pill Bottle: The Unacceptable Cost of Counterfeit Medicines" Henry I. Miller, M.S., M.D. and Wayne Winegarden, Ph.D. ~Ph.D. in economics from George Mason University, Senior Fellow in Business and Economics at the Pacific Research Institute and the Director of PRI's Center for Medical Economics and Innovation~ October 2020 https://medecon.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/CounterfeitMed_F.pdf SM | 10/12/21 |
SO - CP - Traditional Medicines PICTournament: Meadows | Round: Finals | Opponent: Orange Lutheran AZ | Judge: Lena Mizrahi, Stephanie LeClaire-Vazquez, Alex Baez CP: The member nations of the World Trade Organization except for the Republic of India should reduce intellectual property protections for medicines. The Republic of India should reduce intellectual property protections for medicines excluding traditional medicine.Traditional medicine protections key for sustaining communities – India is a key leaderWIPO 11 (WIPOMAGAZINE, ~WIPO is the global forum for intellectual property (IP) services, policy, information and cooperation, self-funding agency of the United Nations, with 193 member states.~, June 2011, "Protecting India's Traditional Knowledge", No Publication, accessed: 8-8-2021, https://www.wipo.int/wipo_magazine/en/2011/03/article_0002.html) ajs It's key to healthSen and Chakraborty 17 (Saikat Sen~~ and Raja Chakraborty ~~, 06-28-2017, "Revival, modernization and integration of Indian traditional herbal medicine in clinical practice: Importance, challenges and future", PubMed Central (PMC), accessed: 8-8-2021, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5388083/) ajs | 11/2/21 |
SO - CP - US PICTournament: Voices | Round: 2 | Opponent: Archbishop Mitty AS | Judge: Vishan Chaudhary Counterplan: Member nations of the World Trade Organization other than the United States ought to reduce IP protections for medicines by significantly reducing data exclusivity'Solves the aff - the US doesn't have a domestic generic marketEban 19 KATHERINE EBAN 8.07.2019 https://www.wired.com/story/8-ways-overseas-drug-manufacturers-dupe-fda/~~#:~~:text=Ninety20percent20of20the20prescription,mostly20in20India20and20China. SM | 10/9/21 |
SO - DA - AntitrustTournament: Loyola | Round: 5 | Opponent: Millard North NL | Judge: David Dosch Bipartisan antitrust bills passing now but continued PC needed to pacify republicans.Perlman 9/3 ~Matthew; 9/3/21; "Interest Groups Back Big Tech Antitrust Bills In House," LAW360, https://www.law360.com/competition/articles/1418789/interest-groups-back-big-tech-antitrust-bills-in-house~~ Justin Aff requires negotiations that saps PC.Pooley 21 ~James; Former deputy director general of the United Nations' World Intellectual Property Organization and a member of the Center for Intellectual Property Understanding; "Drawn-Out Negotiations Over Covid IP Will Blow Back on Biden," Barron's; 5/26/21; https://www.barrons.com/articles/drawn-out-negotiations-over-covid-ip-will-blow-back-on-biden-51621973675~~ Justin Antitrust is key to the DIB – brink is now.Sitaraman 20 ~Ganesh; Vanderbilt University Law School; "The National Security Case for Breaking Up Big Tech," Knight First Amendment Institute at Columbia; 3/12/20; https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3537870~~ brett Re-Cut Justin That solves extinction through great power war.Marks 19 ~Michael; Former Senior Policy Advisor to the Under Secretary for Security Assistance, Science and Technology at the U.S. Department of State; "Strengthen US Industry To Counter National Security Challenges," American Military News; 10/10/19; https://americanmilitarynews.com/2019/10/strengthen-us-industry-to-counter-national-security-challenges/~~ Justin | 9/13/21 |
SO - DA - BiohackingTournament: Greenhill RR | Round: 3 | Opponent: Immaculate Heart BC | Judge: Elijah Smith, John Sims Eliminating CRISPR patents causes biohacking.Zettler 19, Patricia J., Christi J. Guerrini, and Jacob S. Sherkow. "Regulating genetic biohacking." Science 365.6448 (2019): 34-36. (Ohio State University Moritz School of Law)Elmer Expanded biohacking means bioterrorWikswo 14, J., S. Hummel, and V. Quaranta. "The Biohacker: A Threat to National Security." CTC Sentinel 7.1 (2014). (a biological physicist at Vanderbilt University. He was born in Lynchburg, Virginia, United States. Wikswo is noted for his work on biomagnetism and cardiac electrophysiology.)Elmer Cross apply their disease terminal | 9/17/21 |
SO - DA - CBAMTournament: Greenhill | Round: Doubles | Opponent: Loyola AP | Judge: Rodrigo Paramo, Nick Fleming, Felicity Park Carbon border tax coming now and key to solving warming.Kellard 1/28 Neil Kellard ~Dean, Professor in Finance, Essex Business School, University of Essex~ "Why the EU's proposed carbon border levy is an important test for global action on climate change" January 28, 2021 https://theconversation.com/why-the-eus-proposed-carbon-border-levy-is-an-important-test-for-global-action-on-climate-change-154041 SM The plan revitalizes WTO credibility and generates momentumMeyer 6/18 ~(David Meyer is the Editor of CEO Daily and a senior writer on Fortune's European team. Author of the digital rights primer, Control Shift: How Technology Affects You and Your Rights. "The WTO's survival hinges on the COVID-19 vaccine patent debate, waiver advocates warn," Fortune, June 18, 2021. https://fortune.com/2021/06/18/wto-covid-vaccines-patents-waiver-south-africa-trips/~~ TDI Lack of WTO legitimacy is key – the threat of disputes deters action.Ashurst 7/16 Ashurst ~A progressive global law firm~ Proposed EU Regulation on CBAM, July 16 2021, https://www.ashurst.com/en/news-and-insights/legal-updates/proposed-eu-regulation-of-cbam-published/ SM Otherwise, countries dispute through the WTOBrooks 7/21 "Trade experts positive on EU's CBAM, despite risk of rich nation-poor nation rift", July 21 2021 Cristina Brooks ~Senior Journalist, Climate and Sustainability, IHS Markit~ https://ihsmarkit.com/research-analysis/—trade-experts-positive-on-eus-cbam-despite-risk-of-rich-nati.html SM WTO-compliant carbon border measures are practically impossible – even the "domestic taxes" route fails. Prefer our ev – it doesn't matter if WTO compliance is theoretically possible if it's not pragmatically possible.Meyer and Tucker 21 "A Pragmatic Approach to Carbon Border Measures" Timothy Meyer ~Professor of Law; Director, International Legal Studies Program at Vanderbilt, J.D. and Ph.D. in jurisprudence and social policy from Berkeley~, and Todd N. Tucker ~Director of Governance Studies at the Roosevelt Institute, PhD and MPhil from the University of Cambridge~ World Trade Review (July 2021), 1–12 https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/world-trade-review/article/pragmatic-approach-to-carbon-border-measures/B0D224B3A59E9433D10E74DE6D40A0FD SM Warming causes extinctionPester 21 (Patrick, staff writer for Live Science. His background is in wildlife conservation and he has worked with endangered species around the world. Patrick holds a master's degree in international journalism from Cardiff University in the U.K. and is currently finishing a second master's degree in biodiversity, evolution and conservation in action at Middlesex University London. Citing Luke Kemp, a research associate at the Centre for the Study of Existential Risk at the University of Cambridge in the United Kingdom AND Michael Mann, PhD, distinguished professor of atmospheric science at Penn State. "Could climate change make humans go extinct?" https://www.livescience.com/climate-change-humans-extinct.html August 30, 2021)DR 21 | 9/20/21 |
SO - DA - Infrastructure DATournament: Voices | Round: 2 | Opponent: Archbishop Mitty AS | Judge: Vishan Chaudhary Infrastructure passes now due to Biden and Pelosi involvement – Biden PC and tight timetables makes the margin for error literally ZEROElliott 9-16 (Philip Elliott is a Washington Correspondent for TIME. Before joining TIME in early 2015, he spent almost a decade at The Associated Press, where he covered politics, campaign finance, education and the White House. He is a graduate of the E.W. Scripps School of Journalism at Ohio University, September 16, 2021, accessed on 9-17-2021, Time, "Democrats Face a Grueling Two Weeks as Infighting Erupts Over Infrastructure", https://time.com/6098810/house-democrats-reconciliation/)//babcii Ev from this week proves its on the brinkCochrane, et al 10/1 (Emily Cochrane, Luke Broadwater and Jonathan Weisman, ~~, 10-8-2021, "Biden puts the infrastructure bill on hold, saying Democrats need to unite on social spending.", No Publication, accessed: 10-8-2021, https://www.nytimes.com/2021/10/01/us/politics/house-infrastructure-delay-vote.html) ajs Attacks on pharmaceutical profits triggers Mod Dem Backlash – it disrupts unity.Cohen 9-6 Joshua Cohen 9-6-2021 "Democrats' Plans To Introduce Prescription Drug Pricing Reform Face Formidable Obstacles" https://www.forbes.com/sites/joshuacohen/2021/09/06/democrats-plans-to-introduce-prescription-drug-pricing-reform-face-obstacles/?sh=37a269917395 (independent healthcare analyst with over 22 years of experience analyzing healthcare and pharmaceuticals.)Elmer Big pharma loves data exclusivity – it gives them generics and makes them lots of moneyRagavan 18 Srividhya Ragavan, The Drug Debate: Data Exclusivity is the New Way to Delay Generics, 50 Conn. L. Rev. Online 1 (2018). Available at: https://scholarship.law.tamu.edu/facscholar/1184 mvp Sinema specifically jumps ship.Hancock and Lucas 20 Jay Hancock and Elizabeth Lucas 5-29-2020 "A Senator From Arizona Emerges As A Pharma Favorite" https://khn.org/news/a-senator-from-arizona-emerges-as-a-pharma-favorite/ (Senior Correspondent, joined KHN in 2012 from The Baltimore Sun, where he wrote a column on business and finance. Previously he covered the State Department and the economics beat for The Sun and health care for The Virginian-Pilot of Norfolk and the Daily Press of Newport News. He has a bachelor's degree from Colgate University and a master's in journalism from Northwestern University.)Elmer Pharma backlash turns caseHuetteman 19 ~Emmarie Huetteman, former NYT Congressional correspondent with an MA in public affairs reporting from Northwestern University's Medill School, 2-26-2019, "Senators Who Led Pharma-Friendly Patent Reform Also Prime Targets For Pharma Cash," Kaiser Health News, https://khn.org/news/senators-who-led-pharma-friendly-patent-reform-also-prime-targets-for-pharma-cash/~~ Infrastructure reform solves Existential Climate Change – it results in spill-over.USA Today 7-20 7-20-2021 "Climate change is at 'code red' status for the planet, and inaction is no longer an option" https://www.usatoday.com/story/opinion/todaysdebate/2021/07/20/climate-change-biden-infrastructure-bill-good-start/7877118002/ Elmer This time it's actually try or die – the planet is screwed absent infrastructureRebecca Leber 21 (Rebecca Leber, ~~, 10-7-2021, "The US is closer than ever before to making major progress on the climate crisis", Vox, accessed: 10-8-2021, https://www.vox.com/22685920/democrats-infrastructure-build-back-better-climate-change) ajs | 10/9/21 |
SO - DA - Innovation vs BiopiracyTournament: Greenhill RR | Round: 1 | Opponent: Westwood PM | Judge: Quentin Clark, Claudia Ribera Biotech industry strong now – new innovation and RandD comingCancherini et al. 4/30 ~Laura, Engagement Manager @ McKinsey and Company, Joseph Lydon, Associate Partner @ McKinsey and Company, Jorge Santos Da Silva, Senior Partner at McKinsey and Company, and Alexandra Zemp, Partner at McKinsey and Company~ "What's ahead for biotech: Another wave or low tide?", McKinsey and Company, 4-30-2021, https://www.mckinsey.com/industries/pharmaceuticals-and-medical-products/our-insights/whats-ahead-for-biotech-another-wave-or-low-tide ajs Strong IPR is key to innovation – empirics and FDIEzell and Cory 19 ~Stephen Ezell, BS from School of Foreign Service at Georgetown, VP of global innovation policy at Information Technology and Innovation Foundation. Nigel Cory, MA in public policy from Georgetown, BA in international business from Griffith University, Associate Director of trade policy at Information Technology and Innovation Foundation, former researcher in the Southeast Asia Program at the Center for Strategic and International Studies.~ "The Way Forward for Intellectual Property Internationally," Information Technology and Innovation Foundation, April 25, 2019, https://itif.org/publications/2019/04/25/way-forward-intellectual-property-internationally TG The link is massive – 50+ percent of prescription meds stem from Indigenous knowledge – preempot just proves thuisEiland 08 ~Dr. Eiland received a doctorate in Oriental Archaeology from Oxford University and an LLM from the Munich Intellectual Property Law Center~, "Patenting Traditional Medicine", Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH and Co. KG, pg. 7-10, 2008 SLC PK Biopharmaceutical innovation is key to prevent future pandemics and bioterror – turns caseMarjanovic and Feijao 20 ~(Sonja Marjanovic, Ph.D., Judge Business School, University of Cambridge. Carolina Feijao, Ph.D. in biochemistry, University of Cambridge; M.Sc. in quantitative biology, Imperial College London; B.Sc. in biology, University of Lisbon.) "How to Best Enable Pharma Innovation Beyond the COVID-19 Crisis," RAND Corporation, 05-2020, https://www.rand.org/pubs/perspectives/PEA407-1.html~~ TDI COVID incentivizes engineered bioterror- extinctionWalsh, 20 — Axios Future correspondent ~Bryan Walsh, "The coronavirus pandemic reawakens bioweapon fears," Axios, 5-14-2020, https://www.axios.com/coronavirus-pandemic-pathogen-bioweapon-45417c86-52aa-41b1-8a99-44a6e597d3a8.html, accessed 9-7-2020~ | 9/16/21 |
SO - DA - Innovation vs EvergreeningTournament: Valley RR | Round: Semis | Opponent: Plano East AW | Judge: Nethmin Liyanage, Brixz Gonzaba, Tajaih Robinson Biotech industry strong now – new innovation and RandD comingCancherini et al. 4/30 ~Laura, Engagement Manager @ McKinsey and Company, Joseph Lydon, Associate Partner @ McKinsey and Company, Jorge Santos Da Silva, Senior Partner at McKinsey and Company, and Alexandra Zemp, Partner at McKinsey and Company~ "What's ahead for biotech: Another wave or low tide?", McKinsey and Company, 4-30-2021, https://www.mckinsey.com/industries/pharmaceuticals-and-medical-products/our-insights/whats-ahead-for-biotech-another-wave-or-low-tide ajs Secondary patents are necessary for innovation of otherwise mediocre drugs—core to cancer and HIV treatmentsHolman 2018 (Christopher, Professor of Law, University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Law. "Why Follow-On Pharmaceutical Innovations Should Be Eligible For Patent Protection" https://www.ip-watch.org/2018/09/21/follow-pharmaceutical-innovations-eligible-patent-protection/ September 21, 2018)DR 21 One and done model kills innovation—chilling effectMagiera 2021 (Melissa S., J.D. Candidate, 2021, Indiana UniversityRobert H. McKinney School of Law; B.S. 2017, Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis – Indianapolis, Indiana. Recipient of the Papke Prize for Best Note in Volume 54, endowed by and named in honor of David R. Papke, former R. Bruce Townsend Professor of Law and faculty advisor to the Indiana Law Review "Leaving the Evergreening Problem to the Patent Experts—The USPTO, the PTAB, and the Federal Circuit" Indiana Law Review, 54(1), 195-220.)DR 21 Biopharmaceutical innovation is key to prevent future pandemics and bioterror – turns caseMarjanovic and Feijao 20 ~(Sonja Marjanovic, Ph.D., Judge Business School, University of Cambridge. Carolina Feijao, Ph.D. in biochemistry, University of Cambridge; M.Sc. in quantitative biology, Imperial College London; B.Sc. in biology, University of Lisbon.) "How to Best Enable Pharma Innovation Beyond the COVID-19 Crisis," RAND Corporation, 05-2020, https://www.rand.org/pubs/perspectives/PEA407-1.html~~ TDI COVID incentivizes engineered bioterror- extinctionWalsh, 20 — Axios Future correspondent ~Bryan Walsh, "The coronavirus pandemic reawakens bioweapon fears," Axios, 5-14-2020, https://www.axios.com/coronavirus-pandemic-pathogen-bioweapon-45417c86-52aa-41b1-8a99-44a6e597d3a8.html, accessed 9-7-2020~ | 9/25/21 |
SO - DA - RCEPTournament: Valley | Round: Semis | Opponent: MSJ SS | Judge: Chetan Hertzig, Victor Chen, Eric He India walked out on RCEP now but can rejoin easily.Raghavan 20 "RCEP: Door still open for India, may take part in meets as 'observer'" Prabha Raghavan ~Journalist @IndianExpress~ November 16, 2020 https://indianexpress.com/article/business/rcep-door-still-open-for-india-may-take-part-in-meets-as-observer-7052832/ SM Strict IP protections are keeping India out of RCEP – plan reverses that.Mitra-Jha 17 "Big pharma, IP wars and profit over people" Shreerupa Mitra-Jha ~Senior correspondent for diplomacy and international affairs~ August 21, 2017 https://www.governancenow.com/news/regular-story/-big-pharma-ip-wars-and-profit-over-people SM Joining RCEP floods India with imports which guts domestic industry and wrecks the economy.Dhar 19 "India Was Right to Walk Away from RCEP, But What Comes Next?" November 7, 2019, ~Biswajit Dhar is a professor at the Centre for Economic Studies and Planning, Jawharlal Nehru University~ https://thewire.in/economy/rcep-india-future SM Economic downturn compounds risk of Indopak conflict.Kugelman 19 "India and Pakistan Are Edging Closer to War in 2020" Michael Kugelman is the writer of Foreign Policy's weekly South Asia Brief. He is the Asia Program deputy director and senior associate for South Asia at the Wilson Center in Washington. 12/31/2019 https://foreignpolicy.com/2019/12/31/afghanistan-taliban-nuclear-india-pakistan-edging-closer-war-2020/ SM Goes nuclear and causes extinctionRoblin 21. ~(Sébastien Roblin holds a master's degree in Conflict Resolution from Georgetown University and served as a university instructor for the Peace Corps in China, "If the Next India-Pakistan War Goes Nuclear, It Will Destroy the World," The National Interest, March 26, 2021. https://nationalinterest.org/blog/reboot/if-next-india-pakistan-war-goes-nuclear-it-will-destroy-world-181134~~ TDI | 9/27/21 |
SO - DA - US China RelationsTournament: Voices | Round: 6 | Opponent: BASIS SK | Judge: Ben Cortez Despite growing rivalry, US-China economic interdependence strong now. Exchange of tech know-how, collaboration science research, and massive US-China STEM pipeline improving relations – but it can easily collapse.Hass 8/12 ~Ryan Hass (Senior Fellow - Foreign Policy, Center for East Asia Policy Studies, John L. Thornton China Center The Michael H. Armacost Chair Chen-Fu and Cecilia Yen Koo Chair in Taiwan Studies Nonresident Fellow, Paul Tsai China Center, Yale Law School), 8-12-2021, "The "new normal" in US-China relations: Hardening competition and deep interdependence," Brookings, https://www.brookings.edu/blog/order-from-chaos/2021/08/12/the-new-normal-in-us-china-relations-hardening-competition-and-deep-interdependence/ belle~ Plan hurts US-China relations – means China goes back on it's promise to regulate IP violations and draws in U.S. crackdown.Shape 2/19 ~Steven M. Shape; registered patent attorney and electrical engineer who has represented preeminent technology companies in complex, high-stakes Intellectual Property litigation; 2-19-2021, "IP Law Looms Large Over U.S.-China Relations," No Publication, https://www.mondaq.com/trademark/1038030/ip-law-looms-large-over-us-china-relations belle~ Maintaining US-China relations key to confidence building, dialogue measures, and address mutual anxieties about nukes — that prevents nuke war.CSIS '13 ~CSIS (CSIS is a nonprofit organization headquartered in Washington, D.C. The Center's 220 full- time staff and large network of affiliated scholars conduct research and analysis and develop policy initiatives that look into the future and anticipate change), March 2013, " Nuclear Weapons and U.S.-China Relations a way forward," Center for Strategic and International Studies, https://csis-website-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/s3fs-public/legacy_files/files/publication/130307_Colby_USChinaNuclear_Web.pdf belle~ US-China war causes extinction.Wittner, PhD, 12 | 10/12/21 |
SO - DA - Vaccine DiplomacyTournament: Valley RR | Round: 4 | Opponent: Mission San Jose SR | Judge: Nethmin Liyanage, Conal Thomas-McGinnis China's using absence of vaccine alternates to assert influence.Zhao 4-29 Suisheng Zhao 4-29-2021 "Why China's vaccine diplomacy is winning" https://www.eastasiaforum.org/2021/04/29/why-chinas-vaccine-diplomacy-is-winning/ (Professor and Director of the Center for China–US Cooperation at the Josef Korbel School of International Studies, University of Denver)Elmer Waivers are a critical issue in the perceptual ineptness of America and the West.Pratt and Levin 4-29 Simon Frankel Pratt and Jamie Levin 4-29-2021 "Vaccines Will Shape the New Geopolitical Order" https://archive.is/OgDcA~~#selection-847.23-857.11 (Simon Frankel Pratt is a lecturer in the School of Sociology, Politics, and International Studies at the University of Bristol. Jamie Levin is an assistant professor of political science at St. Francis Xavier University in Canada.)Elmer Chinese leadership solves existential threats.Yamei 18 Shen Yamei 18, Deputy Director and Associate Research Fellow of Department for American Studies, China Institute of International Studies, 1-9-2018, "Probing into the "Chinese Solution" for the Transformation of Global Governance," CAIFC, http://www.caifc.org.cn/en/content.aspx?id=4491 Solves case – China vaccinates the world.Mallapaty 6-9 Smriti Mallapaty 6-9-2021 "China is vaccinating a staggering 20 million people a day" https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-021-01545-3 (She has a master of science degree in environmental technology from Imperial College London.)Elmer | 9/25/21 |
SO - K - Settler ColonialismTournament: Greenhill RR | Round: 3 | Opponent: Immaculate Heart BC | Judge: Elijah Smith, John Sims Settlerism is an everyday process shaped by affective investments in institutions that claim jurisdiction over native land.Mark Rifkin, PhD, Director of the Women's and Gender Studies Program and Professor of English at the University of North Carolina, Greensboro. "Settler common sense." Settler Colonial Studies, 2013 Vol. 3, Nos. 3–4, 322–340, http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/2201473X.2013.810702. JJN The aff's gnaritas nullius assumption that knowledge belongs to the public is incompatible with indigenous autonomy. Shifting medicine from intellectual property to the public domain reconfigures the Western system of IPR and stands in direct contradiction with native sovereignty.Younging 10 "Intergovernmental Committee On Intellectual Property And Genetic Resources Traditional Knowledge And Folklore" Seventeenth Session Geneva, December 6-10, 2010 Wipo Indigenous Panel On The Role Of The Public Domain Concept: Experiences In The Fields Of Genetic Resources, Traditional Knowledge And Traditional Cultural Expressions: Experiences From Canada Document prepared by Mr. Gregory Younging ~Creative Rights Alliance, Kelowna, Canada, Opaskwayak Cree Nation-Canada~ https://www.wipo.int/edocs/mdocs/tk/en/wipo_grtkf_ic_17/wipo_grtkf_ic_17_inf_5_a.pdf SM Extinction impacts are fabricated by the logic of elimination - settlers have a psychological investment in imagining the end of the world to create a sense of white vulnerability at the expense of enacting decolonization.Dalley 16 Genomic research is predicated off the stigmatization and erasure of native sovereignty. The aff's removal of IP stands in direct opposite to indigenous mechanism for cultural protection that undergird ethical genomic research.Garrison et al 19 Annual Review of Genomics and Human Genetics Genomic Research Through an Indigenous Lens: Understanding the Expectations ~Nanibaa' A. Garrison,1,2 Maui Hudson, ¯ 3 Leah L. Ballantyne,4 Ibrahim Garba,5,6 Andrew Martinez,6 Maile Taualii,7 Laura Arbour,4,8 Nadine R. Caron,9,10,11 and Stephanie Carroll Rainie6,12~ March 20, 2019 https://www.annualreviews.org/doi/pdf/10.1146/annurev-genom-083118-015434 SM Thus, the only alternative is one of decolonization.Tuck and Yang 12 The aff's understanding of public knowledge also requires an epistemic alternative – vote negative for a sui generis moral rights framework that emphasizing guardianship over ownership. The link turn assumes a settler notion of personhood which proves our argument.Vézina 20 "Ensuring Respect for Indigenous Cultures A Moral Rights Approach" Brigitte Vézina ~fellow at the Canadian think tank Centre for International Governance Innovation. She holds a bachelor's degree in law from the Université de Montréal and a master's in law from Georgetown University~, Centre for International Governance Innovation Papers No. 243 — May 2020, https://www.cigionline.org/static/documents/documents/vezina-paper_1.pdf SM Representations and epistemology perpetuate settler practices – the way we understand and discuss the structures around us overdetermines our praxisSeawright 14 Gardner Seawright is a doctoral candidate in the Education, Culture, and Society department at the University of Utah. "Settler Traditions of Place: Making Explicit the Epistemological Legacy of White Supremacy and Settler Colonialism for Place-Based Education." EDUCATIONAL STUDIES, 50: 554–572, 2014, American Educational Studies Association. JJN | 9/17/21 |
SO - T - Extra vs EvergreeningTournament: Meadows | Round: 6 | Opponent: Diamond Bar NC | Judge: Gordon Krauss CP: The member nations of the World Trade Organization should allow exclusivity to be extended indefinitely through new patent reapplication for antimicrobial drugs per Salmieri. The member nations of the World Trade Organization should reduce intellectual property protections for all other medicines by implementing a one-and-done approach for patent protection.Salmieri 18 "INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY AND THE FREEDOM NEEDED TO SOLVE THE CRISIS OF RESISTANT INFECTIONS" 2018 Gregory Salmieri ~Ph.D., Philosophy, 2008, University of Pittsburgh; B.A. 2001, The College of New Jersey. Fellow, The Anthem Foundation for Objectivist Scholarship; Lecturer, Philosophy Department, Rutgers University~ http://georgemasonlawreview.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/26-1_7-Salmieri.pdf SM Even if the aff incentivizes innovation they cannot incentivize innovation in anti-microbial research – the problem right now is lack of profit incentives for innovation and responsible stewardship.Salmieri 18 "INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY AND THE FREEDOM NEEDED TO SOLVE THE CRISIS OF RESISTANT INFECTIONS" 2018 Gregory Salmieri ~Ph.D., Philosophy, 2008, University of Pittsburgh; B.A. 2001, The College of New Jersey. Fellow, The Anthem Foundation for Objectivist Scholarship; Lecturer, Philosophy Department, Rutgers University~ http://georgemasonlawreview.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/26-1_7-Salmieri.pdf SM | 10/31/21 |
SO - T - GenericTournament: Greenhill RR | Round: 1 | Opponent: Westwood PM | Judge: Quentin Clark, Claudia Ribera Interpretation: "medicines" is a generic bare plural. The aff may not defend WTO member nations reducing intellectual property protections for a subset of medicines.The upward entailment test and adverb test determine the genericity of a bare pluralLeslie and Lerner 16 ~Sarah-Jane Leslie, Ph.D., Princeton, 2007. Dean of the Graduate School and Class of 1943 Professor of Philosophy. Served as the vice dean for faculty development in the Office of the Dean of the Faculty, director of the Program in Linguistics, and founding director of the Program in Cognitive Science at Princeton University. Adam Lerner, PhD Philosophy, Postgraduate Research Associate, Princeton 2018. From 2018, Assistant Professor/Faculty Fellow in the Center for Bioethics at New York University. Member of the Princeton Social Neuroscience Lab.~ "Generic Generalizations." Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. April 24, 2016. https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/generics/ TG
It applies to "medicines" – 1~ upward entailment test – "reduce intellectual property protections for medicines" doesn't entail reducing protections for aids, because it doesn't prove that we should derestrict other beneficial techViolation – they only defendVote neg:1~ Limits – you can pick anything from COVID vaccines to HIV/AIDS to random biotech to insulin treatments and there's no universal disad since each one has a different function and implication for health, tech, and relations – explodes neg prep and leads to random medicine of the week affs which makes cutting stable neg links impossible. PICs don't solve – it's absurd to say neg potential abuse justifies the aff being flat out not T, which leads to a race towards abuse. Limits key to reciprocal engagement since they create a caselist for neg prep.2~ TVA – read the aff as an advantage to a whole rez aff.Voters:Precision o/w – anything else justifies the aff arbitrarily jettisoning words in the resolution at their whim which decks negative ground and preparation because the aff is no longer bounded by the resolution.No RVIs – a) illogical – you shouldn't win for being fair – it's a litmus test for engaging in substance, b) norming – I can't concede the counterinterp if I realize I'm wrong which forces me to argue for bad norms, c) baiting – incentivizes good debaters to be abusive, bait theory, then collapse to the 1AR RVI, d) topic ed – prevents 1AR blipstorm scripts and allows us to get back to substance after resolving theory | 9/16/21 |
SO - T - IPP for MedicinesTournament: Voices | Round: 2 | Opponent: Archbishop Mitty AS | Judge: Vishan Chaudhary Interpretation – Affs must defend a reduction in intellectual property protections that protect the medicines.Medicines are physical substancesAmerican Heritage Dictionary of Medicine 18 The American Heritage Dictionary of Medicine 2018 by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company https://www.yourdictionary.com/medicine Elmer Violation - Data exclusivity protects clinical trial data, NOT MEDICINE. The plan doesn't affect the actual production of Medical Substances, just the structural factors that influence it.Thrasher 5-25 Rachel Thrasher 5-25-2021 "Chart of the Week: How Data Exclusivity Laws Impact Drug Prices" https://www.bu.edu/gdp/2021/05/25/chart-of-the-week-how-data-exclusivity-laws-impact-drug-prices/ sid Limits – allowing Affs that relate to the factors and structures surrounding Medicines allows treatments, drug discovery techniques, computer programs, and production techniques that all have IP protections to be topical which eviscerate a stable locus of predictability. | 10/9/21 |
SO - T - MedicinesTournament: Greenhill | Round: Doubles | Opponent: Loyola AP | Judge: Rodrigo Paramo, Nick Fleming, Felicity Park Vaccines are medical interventions – not medicinesElbe 10 (Stefan Elbe, ~director of the Centre for Global Health Policy and a professor of international relations at the University of Sussex. He is the author of Strategic Implications of HIV/AIDS, Security and Global Health, and Virus Alert: Security, Governmentality, and the AIDS Pandemic.~, 5-3-2010, "Security and Global Health" Polity Press, accessed: 8-9-2021, https://books.google.com/books?id=PKMoMJrSsksC) ajs Violation –Negate –1~ Limits – expanding the topic to preventative treatment or medical interventions allows anything from surgery to medical devices to education strategies or mosquito repellent to prevent malaria. Destroys core generics like innovation which are exclusive to disease curing – core of the topic is about proprietary information. A big case list with no unifying generics destroy neg prep – disincentivizes in depth topic research and leaves the neg behind.2~ Precision – WHO definitively outweighs on common usage and quals and views vaccines as medical interventions which proves we're right and consistent with topic lit – debates should mirror international medical consensus.Precision o/w – anything else justifies the aff arbitrarily jettisoning words in the resolution at their whim which decks negative ground and preparation because the aff is no longer bounded by the resolution. | 9/20/21 |
SO - T - Medicines v2Tournament: Greenhill | Round: Octas | Opponent: Harker AS | Judge: Chris Castillo, Felicity Park, David Dosch Three forms of IP protections for medicinesWilbur 19 ~Tom Wilbur is Director of Public Affairs at PhRMA focusing on message development and opinion research. Prior to joining PhRMA in 2019, Tom worked on Capitol Hill and on political campaigns for nearly a decade, most recently responsible for communications, campaigns and strategy for U.S. Rep. Fred Upton and the House Energy and Commerce Committee. Masters in Communications from Mich State U.~ "IP Explained: Three forms of IP protections for medicines," PhRMA, August 27, 2019, https://catalyst.phrma.org/ip-explained-three-forms-of-ip-protections-for-medicines TG Violation — the aff is about trade secrets "pertain~ing~ to revealing misconduct, wrongdoing, or illegal activity, or to protecting the general public interest." (lines from their ev) These are all things aren't inherent to medicines — the aff is about people reporting companies for being unethicalThe violation is obvious and the counter interp explodes limits to include marketing strategies, algorithms, and customer listsFarkas ND Brian Farkas ~ssociate attorney at Goetz Fitzpatrick LLP in New York, focusing his practice on commercial litigation, arbitration and intellectual property. Brian earned his B.A. from Vassar College and J.D. from Cardozo School of Law ~ "Trade Secret Basics FAQ" No Date https://www.nolo.com/legal-encyclopedia/trade-secret-basics-faq.html~~#1743223 SM Negate for limits – explodes the topic to anything from random trade secrets to trademark pictures and symbols to copyrights which destroys core generics like innovation that obviously don't link to trademarks – core of the topic is about proprietary rights to ideas and innovations. A big case list with no unifying generics destroy neg prep – disincentivizes in depth topic research and leaves the neg behind.Either they violate or they don't solve – first adv i/ls rely on whistleblowers speaking out about "irregularities when workers lack protective equipment" or "when medical supplies are being corrupted" both of which are COMPLETELY IRRELEVANT to medicine and just vaguely about the medical sectorNo RVIs—it's your burden to be fair and T—same reason you don't win for answering inherency or putting defense on a disad. | 9/20/21 |
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