| Tournament | Round | Opponent | Judge | Cites | Round Report | Open Source | Edit/Delete |
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| F-35 Lightning II Multirole Fighter Program | 1 | DOD Budget Cuts | Congress |
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| Loyola | 3 | Strake Jesuit JS | Gordon Krauss |
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| Loyola | 5 | Millard North NL | David Dosch |
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| TDI Camp Tournament | 5 | Wheel AB | Julian Anderson |
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| TDI Camp Tournament | 1 | TGL SS | Arjun Garg |
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| TDI Camp Tournament | 4 | Larpers BF | Felicity Park |
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| TDI Camp Tournament | Quarters | Larpers JL | Azi Hormozdiari, Andrew Gong, Julian Kuffour |
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| Tournament | Round | Report |
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| Loyola | 3 | Opponent: Strake Jesuit JS | Judge: Gordon Krauss ac kant w covid advantage |
| Loyola | 5 | Opponent: Millard North NL | Judge: David Dosch ac covid |
| TDI Camp Tournament | 5 | Opponent: Wheel AB | Judge: Julian Anderson ac mining |
| TDI Camp Tournament | 1 | Opponent: TGL SS | Judge: Arjun Garg ac technocracy |
| TDI Camp Tournament | 4 | Opponent: Larpers BF | Judge: Felicity Park ac exploration |
| TDI Camp Tournament | Quarters | Opponent: Larpers JL | Judge: Azi Hormozdiari, Andrew Gong, Julian Kuffour ac mining |
To modify or delete round reports, edit the associated round.
Cites
| Entry | Date |
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0 - Contact InfoTournament: F-35 Lightning II Multirole Fighter Program | Round: 1 | Opponent: DOD Budget Cuts | Judge: Congress FB: Max Perin (friend request first though bc I'm terrible at remembering to look at message requests) | 7/23/21 |
3 - NC - UtilTournament: Loyola | Round: 3 | Opponent: Strake Jesuit JS | Judge: Gordon Krauss Synthetic a posteriori moral naturalism is the basis of ethics:A~ The normative supervenes on the natural – natural facts like whether brains develop to permit rationality or subjectivity determine whether non naturalist moral facts can be premised on things like capacity for reasonLutz and Lenman 18. Lutz, Matthew and Lenman, James, "Moral Naturalism", The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Fall 2018 Edition), Edward N. Zalta (ed.), URL = https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/fall2018/entries/naturalism-moral/. Massa That outweighs – controversy prevents acting on moral laws, but lack of philosophical controversy on the correlation between moral and natural facts indicates naturalism guides action.B~ The problem of disagreement – resolving a priori conflicts requires indicting the epistemological basis of one's judgement with a reliable process for deriving moral truths which is impossible given widespread moral disagreement about non verifiable a priori truth – grounding ethics with verifiable natural facts solveCopp 7, D. Why Naturalism? Morality in a Natural World, 33–54. doi:10.1017/cbo9780511497940.003 Massa Next, phenomenal introspection can bridge the gap from experiential natural facts to moral truths and necessitates hedonism. When I observe a lemon's yellowness shifting my visual fields from darker to lighter shades, I can introspect on that experience and identify brightness as an intrinsic property of seeing a lemon. Similarly, when I feel pleasure, I can introspect on the shift in hedonic tones and identify that goodness is an intrinsic property of the pleasure that was increased.This connection between pain and pleasure and phenomenal conceptions of intrinsic value and disvalue is irrefutable – everything else regresses – robust neuroscience proves.Blum et al. 18 Kenneth Blum, 1Department of Psychiatry, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Dayton VA Medical Center, Wright State University, Dayton, OH, USA 2Department of Psychiatry, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA 3Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Keck Medicine University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA 4Division of Applied Clinical Research and Education, Dominion Diagnostics, LLC, North Kingstown, RI, USA 5Department of Precision Medicine, Geneus Health LLC, San Antonio, TX, USA 6Department of Addiction Research and Therapy, Nupathways Inc., Innsbrook, MO, USA 7Department of Clinical Neurology, Path Foundation, New York, NY, USA 8Division of Neuroscience-Based Addiction Therapy, The Shores Treatment and Recovery Center, Port Saint Lucie, FL, USA 9Institute of Psychology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary 10Division of Addiction Research, Dominion Diagnostics, LLC. North Kingston, RI, USA 11Victory Nutrition International, Lederach, PA., USA 12National Human Genome Center at Howard University, Washington, DC., USA, Marjorie Gondré-Lewis, 12National Human Genome Center at Howard University, Washington, DC., USA 13Departments of Anatomy and Psychiatry, Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, DC US, Bruce Steinberg, 4Division of Applied Clinical Research and Education, Dominion Diagnostics, LLC, North Kingstown, RI, USA, Igor Elman, 15Department Psychiatry, Cooper University School of Medicine, Camden, NJ, USA, David Baron, 3Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Keck Medicine University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA, Edward J Modestino, 14Department of Psychology, Curry College, Milton, MA, USA, Rajendra D Badgaiyan, 15Department Psychiatry, Cooper University School of Medicine, Camden, NJ, USA, Mark S Gold 16Department of Psychiatry, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA, "Our evolved unique pleasure circuit makes humans different from apes: Reconsideration of data derived from animal studies", U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, 28 February 2018, accessed: 19 August 2020, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6446569/, R.S. Finally, the Darwinian dilemma proves the failure of every non utilitarian ethic and proves the accuracy of phenomenal introspection. Moral beliefs we hold have shifted over time and as humanity evolved which means either moral facts have changed with evolution, which contradicts the basic tenants of moral realism, or evolution has randomly led us to identify the external moral truths. This is statistically impossible since evolution doesn't track morality – there is no evolutionary pressure to identify moral truths that have no bearing on natural features of the world that impact survival and reproduction.Hedonism escapes this dilemma through the byproduct hypothesis. It is evolutionarily advantageous to have accuracy in our ability to introspect on experiences. The part of the brain that identifies intrinsic features of the experiential data provided by our eyes or ears, such as whether one sees or smells food or a predator, is the same part of the brain that introspects on hedonic tones and identifies their moral relevance. The ability to correctly identify moral truths is evolutionarily advantageous if that ability is a byproduct of a different trait that enables survival and reproduction.Thus, the standard is consistency with hedonic act utilitarianism. Prefer it:1~ Actor specificity –A~ Aggregation – every policy benefits some and harms others, which also means side constraints freeze action.B~ No intent-foresight distinction for governments – deliberating over an action requires analysis of foreseen consequences which could be prevented which makes them intrinsic to state actionC~ Governments aren't singular rational agents which makes theories about individuals irrelevant – only consequentialism solves by analyzing ends divorced from an actor3~ Extinction comes first – moral theories convergePummer 15 ~Theron, Junior Research Fellow in Philosophy at St. Anne's College, University of Oxford. "Moral Agreement on Saving the World" Practical Ethics, University of Oxford. May 18, 2015~ AT | 9/4/21 |
SO - CP - Compulsory Licensing vs CovidTournament: Loyola | Round: 3 | Opponent: Strake Jesuit JS | Judge: Gordon Krauss CP: Member nations of the should declare Covid 19 a national emergency on the basis of pandemics harms and issue compulsory licenses for relevant medicines. Member nations should offer regulatory and legal assistance to nations filing a compulsory license.The national emergency declaration matters because normally invocation of compulsory licenses requires an attempt to negotiate a voluntary license first. Invoking national emergency bypasses this Compulsory licensing solves access- empirics and past precedentAT: Can't manufacture—can import from foreign firms It's goldilocks - protects patents while allowing urgent access – the perm or the aff shatters IP protections which crushes innovation while the CP strikes an accepted balanceBacchus 2020 (James, Adjunct Fellow, Cato Institute, former U.S. Representative (D-FL), and former Chairman, World Trade Organization's Appellate Body. "An Unnecessary Proposal: A WTO Waiver of Intellectual Property Rights for COVID-19 Vaccines," Cato https://www.cato.org/free-trade-bulletin/unnecessary-proposal-wto-waiver-intellectual-property-rights-covid-19-vaccines~~#balancing-ip-rights-access-medicines-not-new-wto December 16, 2020)DR 21 Biotech industry strong now – new innovation and RandD coming – prefer our innovation ev – newer and assumes innovatiuon from covid which their ev doesn't – AC Gurgula is just evergreening bad which applies to small percentage of medicinesCancherini et al. 4/30 ~Laura, Engagement Manager @ McKinsey and Company, Joseph Lydon, Associate Partner @ McKinsey and Company, Jorge Santos Da Silva, Senior Partner at McKinsey and Company, and Alexandra Zemp, Partner at McKinsey and Company~ "What's ahead for biotech: Another wave or low tide?", McKinsey and Company, 4-30-2021, https://www.mckinsey.com/industries/pharmaceuticals-and-medical-products/our-insights/whats-ahead-for-biotech-another-wave-or-low-tide ajs Plan destroys innovationMercurio 2/12 (Bryan Mercurio, ~Simon F.S. Li Professor of Law at the Chinese University of Hong Kong (CUHK), having served as Associate Dean (Research) from 2010-14 and again from 2017-19. Professor Mercurio specialises in international economic law (IEL), with particular expertise in the intersection between trade law and intellectual property rights, free trade agreements, trade in services, dispute settlement and increasingly international investment law.~, 2-12-2021, "WTO Waiver from Intellectual Property Protection for COVID-19 Vaccines and Treatments: A Critical Review", No Publication, accessed: 8-8-2021, https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3789820) ajs
A thriving and innovating biopharmaceutical sector is key to prevent future pandemics and bioterror.Marjanovic and Feijao 20 ~(Sonja Marjanovic, Ph.D., Judge Business School, University of Cambridge. Carolina Feijao, Ph.D. in biochemistry, University of Cambridge; M.Sc. in quantitative biology, Imperial College London; B.Sc. in biology, University of Lisbon.) "How to Best Enable Pharma Innovation Beyond the COVID-19 Crisis," RAND Corporation, 05-2020, https://www.rand.org/pubs/perspectives/PEA407-1.html~~ TDI Bioterror coming now and causes extinction – the tech exists and overcomes their impact defenseMillett and Snyder-Beattie '17 ~(Piers Millett: Ph.D., Senior Research Fellow, Future of Humanity Institute, University of Oxford. Andrew Snyder-Beattie: M.S., Director of Research, Future of Humanity Institute, University of Oxford.) " Existential Risk and Cost-Effective Biosecurity," Health Security, 15(4), 08-01-2017, https://www.liebertpub.com/doi/full/10.1089/hs.2017.0028~~ TDI | 9/4/21 |
SO - DA - AntitrustTournament: Loyola | Round: 5 | Opponent: Millard North NL | Judge: David Dosch Bipartisan antitrust bills passing now but continued PC needed to pacify republicans.Perlman 9/3 ~Matthew; 9/3/21; "Interest Groups Back Big Tech Antitrust Bills In House," LAW360, https://www.law360.com/competition/articles/1418789/interest-groups-back-big-tech-antitrust-bills-in-house~~ Justin Aff requires negotiations that saps PC.Pooley 21 ~James; Former deputy director general of the United Nations' World Intellectual Property Organization and a member of the Center for Intellectual Property Understanding; "Drawn-Out Negotiations Over Covid IP Will Blow Back on Biden," Barron's; 5/26/21; https://www.barrons.com/articles/drawn-out-negotiations-over-covid-ip-will-blow-back-on-biden-51621973675~~ Justin Antitrust is key to the DIB – brink is now.Sitaraman 20 ~Ganesh; Vanderbilt University Law School; "The National Security Case for Breaking Up Big Tech," Knight First Amendment Institute at Columbia; 3/12/20; https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3537870~~ brett Re-Cut Justin That solves extinction through great power war.Marks 19 ~Michael; Former Senior Policy Advisor to the Under Secretary for Security Assistance, Science and Technology at the U.S. Department of State; "Strengthen US Industry To Counter National Security Challenges," American Military News; 10/10/19; https://americanmilitarynews.com/2019/10/strengthen-us-industry-to-counter-national-security-challenges/~~ Justin | 9/5/21 |
TDI - CP - Adv vs MiningTournament: TDI Camp Tournament | Round: Quarters | Opponent: Larpers JL | Judge: Azi Hormozdiari, Andrew Gong, Julian Kuffour Counterplan:The United States, Russia, and China should:Establish direct hotlines of communication between leaders with nuclear launch authority.Establish a no first use policy on anti-satellite warfare.Immediately issue public declarations clarifying the accidental nature of satellite destruction if an early warning satellite is damaged.Engage in cooperative efforts over achieving paris emissions targetsStates should:Eliminate all nuclear early warning satellites.Invest substantially in terrestrial radar arrays and the modernization of nuclear early warning technology.Collectively provide funding to the world bank to be issued to African nations equal to the estimated net economic costs of annual GDP lost to extra terrestrial mining.Pass a global carbon tax.Invest heavily in carbon capture and sequestration technology. | 8/3/21 |
TDI - CP - Constitutional ConventionTournament: TDI Camp Tournament | Round: Quarters | Opponent: Larpers JL | Judge: Azi Hormozdiari, Andrew Gong, Julian Kuffour The United States, using a strictly limited constitutional convention ratified by at least thirty-eight of the States, should pass an amendment to the constitution that prohibits commercial space exploration and tourism, issuing a declaration that they violate United States non-appropriation obligations under the Outer Space Treaty of 1967 and its succeeding treaties which serve US interests. | 8/3/21 |
TDI - CP - CourtsTournament: TDI Camp Tournament | Round: 1 | Opponent: TGL SS | Judge: Arjun Garg The Supreme Court of the United States should rule in favor of a prohibition on the appropriation of outer space by private entities. Other states should prohibit the appropriation of outer space by private entities."Resolved:" refers to a legislative debate – congress is the only legislative US body – its normal meansLouisiana State Legislature 16, "Glossary of Legislative Terms," http://www.legis.state.la.us/glossary2.htm | 7/29/21 |
TDI - CP - India PICTournament: TDI Camp Tournament | Round: Quarters | Opponent: Larpers JL | Judge: Azi Hormozdiari, Andrew Gong, Julian Kuffour Counterplan: States other than the Republic of India should ban the appropriation of outer space by private entities through asteroid mining.Space is an intrinsic part of India's soft power expansion and they're set to rapidly scale nowSarthak Kathayat, Sarthak Kathayat is a student at Jamia Millia Islamia, India., NIICE NEPAL, 11-1-2020, "Soft Power and India's Space Diplomacy," https://niice.org.np/archives/6420 TDI Mining key.HT Tech 16 ~(HT Tech, technology news) "India should not lag behind in outer space mining, TIFAC official says" 28 Jul 2016 https://tech.hindustantimes.com/tech/news/india-should-not-lag-behind-in-outer-space-mining-tifac-official-says-story-7ggXBzVbeILfGzHlW6FuRL.html~~ TDI India has led multiple non-proliferation movements and their benign perception is k2 maintaining US-China RelationsPethiyagoda 14 ~Kadira Pethiyagoda, a former diplomat whose PhD and upcoming book investigated Indian foreign policy. He was a visiting scholar at the University of Oxford, "India's Soft Power Advantage," The Diplomat, 9/17/14, https://thediplomat.com/2014/09/indias-soft-power-advantage/~~ TDI Risk of US-China military confrontation in flashpoints inevitably go nuclear due to intermingled forcesTalmadge 18 ~Caitlin Talmadge, Associate Professor of Security Studies at the Edmund A. Walsh School of Foreign Service at Georgetown University, "Beijing's Nuclear Option, Why a U.S.-Chinese War Could Spiral Out of Control," Foreign Affairs, https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/china/2018-10-15/beijings-nuclear-option, 10/15/18~ TDI | 8/3/21 |
TDI - CP - Mining AdvTournament: TDI Camp Tournament | Round: 5 | Opponent: Wheel AB | Judge: Julian Anderson CP:Non African states should give African states an annual dollar amount equal to the annual monetary amount those countries lost in GDP per capita due to mining.States should invest heavily in CCS technologyThe US should pass the green new deal | 7/29/21 |
TDI - CP - Partnership UQTournament: TDI Camp Tournament | Round: 4 | Opponent: Larpers BF | Judge: Felicity Park CP text: The United States federal government should:Fund a public-private partnership for deep space explorationTriple NASA's budget and earmark increased funding for cooperative deep space explorationGaleon 17 ~(Dom, writer for Futurism), "SpaceX Asks the U.S. To Fund a Public-Private Partnership for Deep Space Exploration," July 14, 2017, https://futurism.com/spacex-asks-the-u-s-to-fund-a-public-private-partnership-for-deep-space-exploration~~ TDI The CP turns the aff and prevents stifling of innovation – k2 climate tech.Van Burken 20 ~(Rebecca, technology policy analyst at Reason Foundation) "Biden Can Utilize Space Companies and Public-Private Partnerships," December 14, 2020 https://reason.org/commentary/biden-can-utilize-space-companies-and-public-private-partnerships/~~ TDI | 7/29/21 |
TDI - CP - REM UQTournament: TDI Camp Tournament | Round: 1 | Opponent: TGL SS | Judge: Arjun Garg CP Text: The United States should fund the appropriation of outer space for the mining of rare earth metals from asteroids by private entities. | 7/29/21 |
TDI - DA - India Soft PowerTournament: TDI Camp Tournament | Round: 5 | Opponent: Wheel AB | Judge: Julian Anderson Space is an intrinsic part of India's soft power expansion and they're set to rapidly scale nowSarthak Kathayat, Sarthak Kathayat is a student at Jamia Millia Islamia, India., NIICE NEPAL, 11-1-2020, "Soft Power and India's Space Diplomacy," https://niice.org.np/archives/6420 TDI Private sector key to Indian space effortsRaghu Krishnan, Raghu Krishnan is the technology editor for the Economic Times. In the over two decades of reporting and managing teams, he has seen the Indian IT industry grow from $ 1 billion to nearly $ 191 billion. He has a deep understanding of the shifts the Indian IT industry has undergone over the years. He has also covered science and India's aerospace RandD industry., 12-7-2020, "New space policy may take local companies global: Sivan," Economic Times, https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/science/new-space-policy-may-take-local-companies-global-sivan/articleshow/79599874.cms?from=mdr TDI Mining key.HT Tech 16 ~(HT Tech, technology news) "India should not lag behind in outer space mining, TIFAC official says" 28 Jul 2016 https://tech.hindustantimes.com/tech/news/india-should-not-lag-behind-in-outer-space-mining-tifac-official-says-story-7ggXBzVbeILfGzHlW6FuRL.html~~ TDI India has led multiple non-proliferation movements and their benign perception is k2 maintaining US-China RelationsPethiyagoda 14 ~Kadira Pethiyagoda, a former diplomat whose PhD and upcoming book investigated Indian foreign policy. He was a visiting scholar at the University of Oxford, "India's Soft Power Advantage," The Diplomat, 9/17/14, https://thediplomat.com/2014/09/indias-soft-power-advantage/~~ TDI Risk of US-China military confrontation in flashpoints inevitably go nuclear due to intermingled forcesTalmadge 18 ~Caitlin Talmadge, Associate Professor of Security Studies at the Edmund A. Walsh School of Foreign Service at Georgetown University, "Beijing's Nuclear Option, Why a U.S.-Chinese War Could Spiral Out of Control," Foreign Affairs, https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/china/2018-10-15/beijings-nuclear-option, 10/15/18~ TDI | 7/29/21 |
TDI - DA - Infrastructure PTXTournament: TDI Camp Tournament | Round: 1 | Opponent: TGL SS | Judge: Arjun Garg Infrastructure bill is on the brink – bipartisan support is keyPramuk and Frank 7/22 ~(Jacob, politics reporter for CNBC BA from Harvard) (Thomas, BA in journalism and political sciences, CNBC economics and policy writer) "Bipartisan infrastructure plan could get another chance after Senate setback," CNBC, July 22, 2021, https://www.cnbc.com/2021/07/22/biden-infrastructure-plan-senate-could-vote-on-bipartisan-bill.html~~ TDI The plan's partisan nature splits the Senate down the middle – wrecks any shot at bipartisanship on infrastructureGraham 21 ~Jennifer: Reporter at Deseret News; "The Optics of Billionaires in space"; July 15, 2021; https://www.deseret.com/2021/7/15/22577444/the-optics-of-billionaires-in-space-jeff-bezos-richard-branson-virgin-galactic~~ TDI Infrastructure investment beats China in the tech-raceAnderson 2/22 ~(Norman, Chairman and CEO of CG/LA Infrastructure, a firm focused on global infrastructure project development, driving productivity across countries, and maximizing the benefits of infrastructure for people in the U.S. and around the world) "The Biden Infrastructure Plan - 5 Actions To Jolt Us Awake, Now," Forbes, 2-22-2021, https://www.forbes.com/sites/normananderson/2021/02/22/the-biden-infrastructure-plan5-actions-to-jolt-us-awake-now/?sh=1d72f17b2ebd~~ TDI Chinese tech leadership leads to nuclear warKroenig 18 (Matthew, Deputy Director for Strategy, Scowcroft Center for Strategy and Security Associate Professor of Government and Foreign Service, Georgetown University) "Will disruptive technology cause nuclear war?" BAS, Nov 12, 2018, https://thebulletin.org/2018/11/will-disruptive-technology-cause-nuclear-war | 7/29/21 |
TDI - DA - PQDTournament: TDI Camp Tournament | Round: Quarters | Opponent: Larpers JL | Judge: Azi Hormozdiari, Andrew Gong, Julian Kuffour Barrett court is resisting climate action at every turn – Biden overcomes its limited influence now, but a more powerful judiciary directly trades off with green policiesWorland 20 Justin Worland, 9-28-2020, "How Amy Coney Barrett Could Alter the Future of the U.S.'s Climate Change Policy," Time, https://time.com/5893929/amy-coney-barrett-climate-change-supreme-court/ mvp OST bans private mining now – US exploration laws directly contraveneTIMOTHY JUSTIN TRAPP, JD Candidate @ UIUC Law, '13, TAKING UP SPACE BY ANY OTHER MEANS: COMING TO TERMS WITH THE NONAPPROPRIATION ARTICLE OF THE OUTER SPACE TREATY UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS LAW REVIEW ~Vol. 2013 No. 4~ That applies Charming Betsy to private sector space laws that unambiguously contravene the OST – that expands the scope of the doctrine and creates judicial overreach – courts can abrogate participation in any international agreementBean 15 Andrew H. Bean, Constraining Charming Betsy: Textual Ambiguity as a Predicate to Applying the Charming Betsy Doctrine, 2015 BYU L. Rev. 1801 (2016). Available at: https://digitalcommons.law.byu.edu/lawreview/vol2015/iss6/13 mvp A robust web of international commitments and treaties with US participation is necessary for global climate action – abrogation would be devastatingNewburger 20 Emma Newburger, 11-19-2020, "Biden will rejoin the Paris Climate Accord. Here's what happens next ," CNBC, https://www.cnbc.com/2020/11/20/biden-to-rejoin-paris-climate-accord-heres-what-happens-next-.html | 8/3/21 |
TDI - DA - Truth and JusticeTournament: TDI Camp Tournament | Round: 1 | Opponent: TGL SS | Judge: Arjun Garg The US structurally outcompetes China in the status quo and primacy can be sustained, but it's not a givenKroenig 20 ~(Matthew, is the author of The Return of Great Power Rivalry: Democracy Versus Autocracy From the Ancient World to the U.S. and China, a professor of government and foreign service at Georgetown University, and the deputy director of the Scowcroft Center for Strategy and Security at the Atlantic Council) "Why the U.S. Will Outcompete China," 4-3-2020, https://www.theatlantic.com/ideas/archive/2020/04/why-china-ill-equipped-great-power-rivalry/609364/~~ TDI Link 1 is space dominance - the balance is delicate in space—abandoning public private military partnerships in space flips itBroad 21 ~(William J, is a science journalist and senior writer.) "How Space Became the Next 'Great Power' Contest Between the U.S. and China," 1-24-2021 updated 5-6-2018, https://www.nytimes.com/2021/01/24/us/politics/trump-biden-pentagon-space-missiles-satellite.html~~ TDI Our claims accurately reflect Chinese attempts at great power competition in space.Broad 21 ~(William J, is a science journalist and senior writer.) "How Space Became the Next 'Great Power' Contest Between the U.S. and China," 1-24-2021 updated 5-6-2018, https://www.nytimes.com/2021/01/24/us/politics/trump-biden-pentagon-space-missiles-satellite.html~~ TDI Link 2 is resources - Chinese REM gatekeeping coming nowStavridis 21 ~(James, retired US Navy admiral, chief international diplomacy and national security analyst for NBC News, senior fellow at JHU Applied Physics Library, PhD in Law and Diplomacy from Tufts) "U.S. Needs a Strong Defense Against China's Rare-Earth Weapon," Bloomberg Opinion, March 4, 2021, https://www.bloomberg.com/opinion/articles/2021-03-04/u-s-needs-a-strong-defense-against-china-s-rare-earth-weapon~~ TDI REM access key to military primacy and tech advancement – alternatives failTrigaux 12 (David, University Honors Program University of South Florida St. Petersburg) "The US, China and Rare Earth Metals: The Future Of Green Technology, Military Tech, and a Potential Achilles Heel to American Hegemony," USF St. Petersberg, May 2, 2012, https://digital.stpetersburg.usf.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1132andcontext=honorstheses~~ TDI Link 3 is readiness – flexible supremacy requires capitalist expansion – this impact turns the affFrankowski 17 ~(Pawel, assistant Professor at the Chair of International Relations and Foreign Policy, Institute of Political Science and International Relations, Jagiellonian University) "Outer Space and Private Companies: Consequences for Global Security," 2017, pg. 133-134~ TDI Space dominance solves nuclear war. Hegemony de-escalates all conflict scenarios.Yoo 18 ~(Emanuel S. Heller Professor of Law at the University of California, Berkeley, and a visiting scholar at AEI since 2003. He served as a deputy assistant attorney general in the Office of the Legal Counsel of the U.S. Department of Justice from 2001 to 2003, where he worked on constitutional and national security matters, as General Counsel of the U.S. Senate Committee on the Judiciary from 1995-96, and as a law clerk to Justice Clarence Thomas of the U.S. Supreme Court (John, Winning the Space Race, October 15th, http://www.aei.org/publication/winning-the-space-race/)~~ Primacy and allied commitments solve arms races and great power war – unipolarity is sustainable, and prevents power vacuums and global escalationBrands 18 ~(Hal, Henry Kissinger Distinguished Professor at Johns Hopkins University's School of Advanced International Studies and a senior fellow at the Center for Strategic and Budgetary Assessments) "American Grand Strategy in the Age of Trump," Page 129-133~ Pursuit inevitable—-decline causes global warBeckley 15 (Michael Beckley is a research fellow in the International Security Program at Harvard Kennedy School's Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs., "The Myth of Entangling Alliances Michael Beckley Reassessing the Security Risks of U.S. Defense Pacts", http://live.belfercenter.org/files/IS3904_pp007-048.pdf) For them to win an impact turn, they need to defend and robustly define their alternative to US primacyKagan '18 - Stephen and Barbara Friedman Senior Fellow with the Project on International Order and Strategy in the Foreign Policy program at Brookings. Robert Kagan, "The World America Made—and Trump Wants to Unmake," POLITICO Magazine, September 28, 2018, https://politi.co/2zB3qCg. | 7/29/21 |
TDI - T - Appropriation vs ExplorationTournament: TDI Camp Tournament | Round: 4 | Opponent: Larpers BF | Judge: Felicity Park Interpretation: "appropriation of outer space" as a term of art by private entities refers to the exercise of exclusive and permanent control of space.TIMOTHY JUSTIN TRAPP, JD Candidate @ UIUC Law, '13, TAKING UP SPACE BY ANY OTHER MEANS: COMING TO TERMS WITH THE NONAPPROPRIATION ARTICLE OF THE OUTER SPACE TREATY UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS LAW REVIEW ~Vol. 2013 No. 4~ Common usage also concludes appropriation is the taking of or exercise of control over propertyBohm 13 ~JEFF BOHM, Chief Judge. In re Cowin, 492 B.R. 858 (Bankr. S.D. Tex. 2013).~ TDI
Court precedent affirms appropriation is permanent occupation not temporary useMarshall 82 ~JUSTICE MARSHALL delivered the opinion of the Court. Loretto v. Teleprompter Manhattan CATV Corp., 458 US 419 - Supreme Court 1982~ TDI Violation ¬– the aff bans commercial tourism by private entities, which both fails to establish sovereign possession over regions that are toured and fails to establish permanent appropriation since tours enter and leave regions in outer spaceVote neg:Limits – their interp explodes the topic to include affs about using space for any single purpose, like space-based solar power, helium and REMs on the Moon, military deployments, and climate adaptation satellites – this is unpredictable because topic lit is concerned with sovereignty over space and space colonization broadly, privileges the aff by stretching pre-tournament neg prep too thin and precludes nuanced case negs that rigorously test the affPrecision first – Justifies the aff arbitrarily doing away with words in the resolution which gives way to affs about anything from public appropriation affs to air space affs and many more which obliterates negative prep.Ground – allowing debates about extracting any space resource denies the neg links to core generics like space col good, which only answers affs that broadly prohibit states from using space – this kills testing and forces negatives to the fringes of argumentation like generic Ks that are stale and vulnerable to aff prep-outsFairness and education are voters – debate's a game that needs rules to evaluate it and education gives us portable skills for life like research and thinking.No RVIs – a) illogical – you shouldn't win for being fair – it's a litmus test for engaging in substance, b) norming – I can't concede the counterinterp if I realize I'm wrong which forces me to argue for bad norms, c) baiting – incentivizes good debaters to be abusive, bait theory, then collapse to the 1AR RVI, d) topic ed – prevents 1AR blipstorm scripts and allows us to get back to substance after resolving theory | 7/29/21 |
TDI - T - Appropriation vs MiningTournament: TDI Camp Tournament | Round: 5 | Opponent: Wheel AB | Judge: Julian Anderson Interpretation: "appropriation of outer space" by private entities refers to the exercise of exclusive control of space.TIMOTHY JUSTIN TRAPP, JD Candidate @ UIUC Law, '13, TAKING UP SPACE BY ANY OTHER MEANS: COMING TO TERMS WITH THE NONAPPROPRIATION ARTICLE OF THE OUTER SPACE TREATY UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS LAW REVIEW ~Vol. 2013 No. 4~ Private appropriation of extracted space resources is distinct from appropriation "of" outer space. Despite longstanding permission of appropriation of extracted resources, sovereign claims are still universally prohibited.Abigail D. Pershing, J.D. Candidate @ Yale, B.A. UChicago,'19, "Interpreting the Outer Space Treaty's Non-Appropriation Principle: Customary International Law from 1967 to Today," Yale Journal of International Law 44, no. 1 Violation ¬– the aff only bans private resource extraction through asteroid mining, which is limited in scope – that's distinct from full sovereignty over spaceVote neg:Limits – their interp explodes the topic to include affs about using space for any single purpose, like space-based solar power, helium and REMs on the Moon, space tourism, and climate adaptation satellites – this is unpredictable because topic lit is concerned with sovereignty over space and space colonization broadly, privileges the aff by stretching pre-tournament neg prep too thin and precludes nuanced case negs that rigorously test the affPrecision – Justifies the aff arbitrarily doing away with words in the resolution which gives way to affs about anything from public appropriation affs to air space affs and many more which obliterates negative prep.Ground – allowing debates about extracting any space resource denies the neg links to core generics like space col good, which only answers affs that broadly prohibit states from using space – this kills testing and forces negatives to the fringes of argumentation like generic Ks that are stale and vulnerable to aff prep-outsTopicality is a voting issue that should be evaluated through competing interpretations—it tells the negative what they do and do not have to prepare for. Reasonability is arbitrary and unpredictable, inviting a race to the bottom and we'll win it links to our offenseDrop the debater to deter future abuse and because the 2N doesn't get new disads to whole rez so it's permanently skewed.No RVIs—it's your burden to be fair and T—same reason you don't win for answering inherency or putting defense on a disad. | 7/29/21 |
TDI - Th - AspecTournament: TDI Camp Tournament | Round: Quarters | Opponent: Larpers JL | Judge: Azi Hormozdiari, Andrew Gong, Julian Kuffour Interp – the aff must specify the actor enforcing their advocacy in the 1AC plan text.Violation – you don't.Prefer for stable ground – I lose links to disads, counterplans, and nuanced solvency takeouts which are key since certain DAs like politics or PQD only link to certain actors. Supercharged on this topic since affs can defend vague general principle value statements to delink neg offense. Text is key since it's the only stable stasis for prep.The implication is that you should stick them with the SCOTUS as the actor in the US, but if they contest the link to the disad that proves the abuse and this becomes drop the debaterNormal means is courtsCooper 8 ~Cooper, Nikhil D. "Circumventing Non-Appropriation: Law and Development of United States Space Commerce." Hastings Const. LQ 36 (2008): 457.~ TDI | 8/3/21 |
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