ac uae nc nebel cybernetics k crypto mining cp african instability good 1ar all 2nr crypto mining cp 2ar all
Cal RR
1
Opponent: Peninsula RM | Judge: Courtney Coffman, Joshua StPeter
ac large sats nc t outer space broadband da xi lashout da 1ar all 2nr xi lashout da 2ar all
Cal RR
2
Opponent: Mission San Jose SR | Judge: Jared Burke, Christopher Vincent
ac the senate nc nebel outer space new affs bad consult oppressed code switching cp other critical cp security k sci fi bad 1ar all 2nr security k 2ar all
Cal RR
5
Opponent: Northland LB | Judge: Gordon Krauss, Parth Shah
ac large sats nc t appropriation weather da bizcon da spark 1ar all 2nr weather da 2ar all
ac large sats nc failed ir k 1ar all 2nr k 2ar all
Valley
1
Opponent: Bishops AC | Judge: Maya Xia
ac jordan nc t ipr nebel cap k 1ar all rvi 2nr rvi cap k 2ar all
Valley
3
Opponent: Lexington AK | Judge: Tajaih Robinson
ac jordan nc glizzy robots and aprioris 1ar all 2nr more aprioris 2ar all
Valley
5
Opponent: Iowa City West NW | Judge: Anthony Cui
ac jordan nc contracts nc cant read extinction first 1ar all 2nr nc 2ar all
Valley
Doubles
Opponent: Princeton VC | Judge: Mark Kivimaki, James Stuckert, Phoenix Pittman
ac jordan nc nebel tricks nc kant nc 1ar all 2nr nebel 2ar all
Valley
Quarters
Opponent: Cardinal Gibbons RS | Judge: James Stuckert, Eric He, Sam Larson
ac jordan nc ospec consult us cp cap k 1ar all condo bad consult bad 2nr theory consult us cp 2ar all
Valley
Finals
Opponent: San Mateo YR | Judge: Aryan Jasani, Tajaih Robinson, Tom Evnen
ac jordan nc nebel states t ipp fdi da adv cp theory hedge ticks nc hobbes nc 1ar kick the aff turn the contention and uplayer (apparently ive become what i swore to destroy) 2nr shells and hobbes nc 2ar condo
Valley RR
2
Opponent: Saratoga AG | Judge: Jared Burke, Tajaih Robinson
ac biopiracy nc cap k abolish wto cp 1ar all 2nr cp 2ar all
Valley RR
3
Opponent: American Heritage Plantation EM | Judge: Keshav Dandu, Triniti Krauss
ac jordan nc psycho k 1ar all 2nr k 2ar all
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Cites
Entry
Date
0 - Contact Info
Tournament: F-35 Lightning II Multirole Fighter Program | Round: 1 | Opponent: DOD Budget Cuts | Judge: Congress Hey, I'm Max (he/him) -- if you want to contact me for disclosure or anything else, use any of the methods below.
FB: Max Perin (friend request first though bc I'm terrible at remembering to look at message requests) Email: maxvperin@icloud.com Text/call: 949-701-9928
7/23/21
1 - AC - Star Spangled Banner
Tournament: Peninsula | Round: Finals | Opponent: Southlake Carroll PK | Judge: Gordon Krauss, Ben Cortez, Truman Le
Cicero once said "A nation can survive its fools, and even the ambitious. But it cannot survive treason from within."
Brands 18 ~Hal, Henry Kissinger Distinguished Professor at Johns Hopkins University's School of Advanced International Studies and a senior fellow at the Center for Strategic and Budgetary Assessments." American Grand Strategy in the Age of Trump." Page 21-23~ Fifth and finally, sustaining America's post–Cold War strategy entails persuading the American AND a grand strategy that has delivered pretty good results for a quarter century.
We affirm that American liberal hegemony is just - vote aff to embrace the terrifying scream of our precision guided missiles hot off the production line from their contract with Lockheed Martin whistling to strike an overseas target.
Be highly skeptical of heg bad arguments – their evidence is epistemologically suspect and bought off by revisionist powers
Gilsinan 20 ~(Kathy, a St. Louis-based contributing writer at The Atlantic. Her book, The Helpers: Profiles From the Front Lines of the Pandemic, comes out in March 2022. She was previously an editor at World Politics Review.) "How China Is Planning to Win Back the World" The Atlantic, 5/28/2020. https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2020/05/china-disinformation-propaganda-united-states-xi-jinping/612085/~~ BC This was a bizarre salvo in China's propaganda war with the United States over the AND and that the reeling world may condemn it but still depends on it.
US leadership in this decade solves global war and results in a peaceful end to Chinese revisionism Erickson and Collins 10/21 ~(Andrew, A professor of strategy in the U.S. Naval War College's China Maritime Studies Institute)(Gabriel, Baker Botts fellow in energy and environmental regulatory affairs at Rice University's Baker Institute for Public Policy) "A Dangerous Decade of Chinese Power Is Here," Foreign Policy, 10/18/2021~ *brackets for ableist language U.S. and allied policymakers are facing the most important foreign-policy challenge of the 21st century. China's power is peaking; so is the political position of Chinese President Xi Jinping and the Chinese Communist Party's (CCP) domestic strength. In the long term, China's likely decline after this peak is a good thing. But right now, it creates a decade of danger from a system that increasingly realizes it only has a short time to fulfill some of its most critical, long-held goals.
Within the next five years, China's leaders are likely to conclude that its deteriorating demographic profile, structural economic problems, and technological estrangement from global innovation centers are eroding its leverage to annex Taiwan and achieve other major strategic objectives. As Xi internalizes these challenges, his foreign policy is likely to become even more accepting of risk, feeding on his nearly decadelong track record of successful revisionist action against the rules-based order. Notable examples include China occupying and militarizing sub-tidal features in the South China Sea, ramping up air and maritime incursions against Japan and Taiwan, pushing border challenges against India, occupying Bhutanese and Tibetan lands, perpetrating crimes against humanity in Xinjiang, and coercively enveloping Hong Kong. The relatively low-hanging fruit is plucked, but Beijing is emboldened to grasp AND can realistically achieve no later than the mid-to-late 2020s.
China long-term can't become a hegemon because of slow growth and international constraints- BUT short-term lunges for power trigger immediate war . ONLY deterrence solves
Beckley and Brands 12-17 — Associate Professor of Political Science at Tufts University and Jeane Kirkpatrick Visiting Scholar at the American Enterprise Institute ~Michael, and Hal Brands, Henry A. Kissinger Distinguished Professor of Global Affairs at the Johns Hopkins University School of Advanced International Studies and a Resident Scholar at the American Enterprise Institute, "Competition With China Could Be Short and Sharp," Foreign Affairs, 12-17-20, https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/united-states/2020-12-17/competition-china-could-be-short-and-sharp, accessed 12-20-20~ In foreign policy circles, it has become conventional wisdom that the United States and AND needs to blunt a potential surge of Chinese aggression and expansion this decade.
It's sustainable but not impervious to collapse
Hal Brands, 5-1-2021, Henry A. Kissinger Distinguished Professor At The Johns Hopkins School Of Advanced International Studies, China's Creative Challenge—and the Threat to America, Commentary Magazine, https://www.commentarymagazine.com/articles/hal-brands/chinas-geopolitical-challenge-threat-to-america//Khan FINALLY, CHINA is testing the patterns of history simply by taking on the United AND Chinese strategy in overcoming the great obstacles that litter Beijing's path to hegemony.
Overwhelming power is key — uncertainty alone emboldens revisionism and erodes alliances.
Brands and Edel, 19 — Hal Brands; PhD, Henry A. Kissinger Distinguished Professor of Global Affairs at the Johns Hopkins School of Advanced International Studies. Charles Edel; PhD, Senior Fellow and Visiting Scholar at the United States Studies Centre at the University of Sydney. ("The Lessons of Tragedy: Statecraft and World Order;" Ch. 6: The Darkening Horizon; Published by Yale University Press; GrRv) Concerns about American reliability are not new, of course, and too much U AND is happening. The effects are unlikely to be either trivial or benign.
Primacy and allied commitments solves arms races and great power war—-reject old defense that ignores emerging instability and compounding risk. Unipolarity is sustainable and stops power vacuums and escalation across the globe
Brands 18 ~Hal, Henry Kissinger Distinguished Professor at Johns Hopkins University's School of Advanced International Studies and a senior fellow at the Center for Strategic and Budgetary Assessments." American Grand Strategy in the Age of Trump." Page 129-133~ Since World War II, the United States has had a military second to none AND Russian and Chinese modernization efforts are now creating a far more competitive environment.
A strong alliance network is an impact filter — solves great-power war, growth, and democracy.
Brands and Edel, 19 — Hal Brands; PhD, Henry A. Kissinger Distinguished Professor of Global Affairs at the Johns Hopkins School of Advanced International Studies. Charles Edel; PhD, Senior Fellow and Visiting Scholar at the United States Studies Centre at the University of Sydney. ("The Lessons of Tragedy: Statecraft and World Order;" Ch. 7: Rediscovering Tragedy; Published by Yale University Press; GrRv) What's true for America is equally true for its broader coalition of like-minded AND some burdens are tolerable because they help prevent something far, far worse.
But offshore balancing fails—weak American responses spark global instability
Ted R. Bromund et. al 17—(Ted R. Bromund, Studies Anglo-American relations, U.S. relations with Europe and the EU, and the U.S.'s leadership role in the world, Reclaiming American Realism, American Affairs Journal, accessed 6-28-2019, https://americanaffairsjournal.org/2017/05/reclaiming-american-realism/)//ND As Americans, we should know what it is to live in a tough, AND Asia), were a paper tiger and could be intimidated into eventual withdrawal.
Pursuit's inevitable – Biden's a hardliner
Tepperman 21 – a former editor in chief of Foreign Policy and the author of The Fix: How Countries Use Crises to Solve the World's Worst Problems. (Jonathan, "Biden Was Right: America Is Back," Foreign Policy, 2-23-2021, https://foreignpolicy.com/2021/02/23/biden-was-right-america-is-back/, Accessed 11-17-2021, LASA-SC) President Joe Biden's declaration to the Munich Security Conference last Friday that "America is AND a critical sense. And that's something we should all be grateful for.
Historical analysis disproves stable transition
Beckley 15 (Michael Beckley is a research fellow in the International Security Program at Harvard Kennedy School's Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs., "The Myth of Entangling Alliances Michael Beckley Reassessing the Security Risks of U.S. Defense Pacts", http://live.belfercenter.org/files/IS3904_pp007-048.pdf) The finding that U.S. entanglement is rare has important implications for international AND leaving it without partners to share the burden when those interventions go awry.
Conventional military overmatch is key to prevent allied prolif — it outweighs all other commitments.
Lanoszka, 19 — Alexander Lanoszka, PhD, is an assistant professor at the University of Waterloo, has held fellowships at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Dartmouth College. ("Alliances and Nuclear Proliferation in the Trump Era;" The Washington Quarterly; 41:4; pg. 87-88; GrRv) If treaty pledges are insufficient and threats of nuclear retaliation lack believability, then what AND Germany's nuclear intentions troubled U.S. decision makers for another decade.
Decline causes unstable nuclear alliances that cause war
Hayes 18 ~Peter Hayes, Nautilus Institute, Berkeley, California, USA; Center for International Security Studies, Sydney University. Trump and the Interregnum of American Nuclear Hegemony. November 8, 2018. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/25751654.2018.1532525~~ During a post-hegemonic era, long-standing nuclear alliances are likely to AND second time, less so, the third time, the new normal.
Nuclear war
Kroenig 15 (Matthew, Associate Professor and International Relations Field Chair in the Department of Government and School of Foreign Service at Georgetown University, 2015. "The History of Proliferation Optimism: Does It Have a Future?" Journal of Strategic Studies, Volume 38, Issue 1-2, 2015) The spread of nuclear weapons poses at least six severe threats to international peace and AND , any one of those crises could result in a catastrophic nuclear exchange.
China is revisionist – its ambitions aren't regionally checked containment k2 prevent nuclear conflict
Choi 18 ~Ji Young Choi, associate professor in the Department of Politics and Government and affiliated professor in the International Studies Program and East Asian Studies Program at Ohio Wesleyan University. "Historical and Theoretical Perspectives on the Rise of China: Long Cycles, Power Transitions, and China's Ascent"~ Another important aspect is that Beijing is beginning to voice its dissatisfaction with the existing AND can set mutually agreeable international rules on traditional security issues including territorial disputes.
Removing presence makes terror worse by emboldening extremism and undermining security networks necessary for counter-insurgent strategy
Brands 18 ~Hal, Henry Kissinger Distinguished Professor at Johns Hopkins University's School of Advanced International Studies and a senior fellow at the Center for Strategic and Budgetary Assessments." American Grand Strategy in the Age of Trump." Page 38-40~ Take the issue of terrorism. To be clear, offshore balancers are right that AND balancing would require doubling down on policies that have long stoked jihadist resentment.
1/26/22
JF - AC - Large Satellites
Tournament: DebateLA Challenge | Round: 2 | Opponent: Immaculate Heart BC | Judge: Alexandra Mork, Chris Castillo I have searched extensively for the special character thats messing up this cite but unfortunately cannot find it - see OS
1/15/22
JF - AC - The Senate
Tournament: Cal RR | Round: 2 | Opponent: Mission San Jose SR | Judge: Jared Burke, Christopher Vincent
Plan: The appropriation of outer space by the Trade Federation via orbital blockade of Naboo is unjust.
The Advantage is the Senate:
Blockade kickstarts Palpatine's creation of a galactic fascist regime – the relationship is causal
Only blockade escalates to a failed invasion – the Trade Federation wouldn't violate Republic law by invading Naboo unless it was already forced to illegally kill the Republic's Jedi envoy sent to observe the blockade
Lack of a Republic response to the invasion causes queen Amidala to give current leadership a vote of no confidence and put Palpatine into power
Wookieepedia, "Invasion of Naboo," https://starwars.fandom.com/wiki/Invasion_of_Naboo mvp Exasperated by the Republic's inefficiency and corruption, Amidala shocked the Senate by moving for a vote of no confidence in the leadership of Chancellor Valorum, as it had been suggested to her by Palpatine himself. The proposal caused an uproar in the Senate, with many senators calling to proceed to the vote immediately, while Amedda vainly called for order.~3~ Within hours, Amidala's motion of no confidence was passed and Valorum removed from power AND corruption; Bail Antilles and Ainlee Teem were nominated as well.~3~
That greenlights Palpatine to begin restructuring the Republic into the Galactic Empire. Invasion also creates the Separatist alliance which starts the Clone Wars, accelerating the Republic's collapse.
Wookieepedia, "Invasion of Naboo," https://starwars.fandom.com/wiki/Invasion_of_Naboo mvp The Federation and Valorum were faced with most blame for the invasion, and every subsequent anti-Republic speech called out the "debacle at Naboo."~6~ Following the invasion, the Federation's monopoly on shipping in the Outer Rim Territories was broken. This, combined with Valorum Shipping's loss of prestige due to scandals and Chancellor Valorum's truncated term, allowed Eriadu Mining and Shipping to prosper.~9~ Upon his appointment to Chancellor, Palpatine had promised the galaxy that Gunray, his AND revenge on Kenobi, blaming the Jedi Padawan for his misfortune.~22~
Preventing the empire's creation is an ethical D rule – planetary destruction, imperialism, slave labor, and forced sterilization
Rudoy 19 Matthew Rudoy, 8-30-2019, "Star Wars: The 10 Worst Things The Empire Has Ever Done," ScreenRant, https://screenrant.com/star-wars-worst-things-empire-ever-done/ mvp The Galactic Empire is the original evil in Star Wars. Emperor Palpatine and Darth AND height of the Empire's evil and further united the Rebellion against their enemy.
The Clone Wars alone kills billions
Golden 15 Christie Golden 7-7-2015 "Dark Disciple" Ask me and I'll give you the PDF, it's a good read. (Absolute Star Wars Expert Second Only to Max Perin)Elmer For years, the galaxy-wide conflict known as the Clone Wars has raged AND the numbers of the fallen. But this—" He shook his head.
2/18/22
JF - AC - UAE
Tournament: Cal | Round: Finals | Opponent: Harker DS | Judge: Anish Ramireddy, Julian Kuffour, Gordon Krauss
Plan: The appropriation of outer space by private entities in the United Arab Emirates is unjust.
Legalization of private appropriation opens the door to private investment in the industry – assurance of profit is key.
SW 20 "UAE Space Law Details Announced To Facilitate Space Sector Development" SpaceWatch ~SpaceWatch.Global is a digital magazine and portal for those interested in space and the far-reaching impact that space developments have. While showcasing the technology that enables the industry to edge closer to the next frontier, SpaceWatch.Global also provides analysis, forecasts and insight into the geopolitical implications of space developments. ~, February 2020 https://spacewatch.global/2020/02/uae-space-law-details-announced-to-facilitate-space-sector-development/ SM UAE Space Law Details Announced To Facilitate Space Sector Development The UAE Space Agency AND start-ups, where four of them were established by Emirati nationals.
The private sector is key to the next stage of UAE's space advancement.
Sapra 21 "UAE sends out call for space startups" Bani Sapra is a Business Insider editorial fellow covering tech October 18, 2021 https://wired.me/science/space/uae-sends-out-call-for-space-startups/ SM AFTER PROVING ITSELF on a mission to Mars, the UAE's Mohammed bin Rashid Space AND and sciences, which will add further impetus to the country's space sector."
The UAE is the sole leader of the Middle East space mining race now but cascades are possible – legalization of appropriation is key.
Al Shamsi 17 "~#SWMEThemes: Could Earth's Asteroids Be the Next Al Ghawar Oil Field?" Humaid Al Shamsi is a founding Partner of ABH Aerospace and a Member of the Advisory Council of For All Moonkind, Inc. July 2017 https://spacewatch.global/2017/07/swmethemes-earths-asteroids-next-al-ghawar-oil-field/ SM Currently, the United Arab Emirates is the only Gulf country that has announced its AND protects private sector rights will certainly encourage the exploitation of outer space resources.
Acceleration of UAE space appropriation and dominance solidifies UAE regional leadership and sets off Middle East space racing.
Al-Saif 20 "The United Arab Emirates plans a space mission to Mars this week, bolstering the country's regional power status." July 13, 2020 Bader Mousa Al-Saif is a nonresident fellow at the Malcolm H. Kerr Carnegie Middle East Center in Beirut, where his research focuses on the Gulf and Arabian Peninsula. https://carnegie-mec.org/diwan/82282 SM Space is rapidly becoming a new domain for Middle Eastern states to project their power AND UAE-centric worldview to prevail in an ever-changing Middle East.
Adv 1
Middle East space race spills over into missile arms racing because of dual-use technology.
El-Zobaidi 21 "The Middle East edition of 'Star Wars' takes shape" Dr Haitham El-Zobaidi is the executive editor of Al Arab Group. February 24, 2021 https://thearabweekly.com/middle-east-edition-star-wars-takes-shape SM The Middle East edition of 'Star Wars' takes shape Countries of the region AND and evading defence systems intended to counter ballistic missiles flying at high altitudes.
Missile arms race escalates – draws in great powers.
Saab 18 "The coming Middle East missile arms race" Bilal Y. Saab ~senior fellow and director of the Defense and Security Program at the Middle East Institute, and an adjunct assistant professor at Georgetown University's Security Studies Program.~, September 25, 2018 https://thebulletin.org/2018/09/the-coming-middle-east-missile-arms-race/ SM The coming Middle East missile arms race When pundits speak of a post- AND feud Saudi Arabia, the Emirates, and Bahrain are having with Qatar.
Middle East war goes nuclear.
Silverstein 21 "Iran-Israel tensions: The threat of nuclear disaster looms large," Richard Silverstein ~writes the Tikun Olam blog, devoted to exposing the excesses of the Israeli national security state~, 23 April 2021 https://www.middleeasteye.net/opinion/iran-israel-tensions-threat-nuclear-war-looms-large SM Israel had a near-miss of potentially catastrophic proportions on Thursday. As it AND will fight with F-35s, ballistic missiles and possibly nuclear weapons.
Nuke war causes extinction – Ice Age, famines, and war won't stay limited
Edwards 17 ~Paul N. Edwards, CISAC's William J. Perry Fellow in International Security at Stanford's Freeman Spogli Institute for International Studies. Being interviewed by EarthSky. How nuclear war would affect Earth's climate. September 8, 2017. earthsky.org/human-world/how-nuclear-war-would-affect-earths-climate~ Note, we are only reading parts of the interview that are directly from Paul Edwards — MMG In the nuclear conversation, what are we not talking about that we should be AND two nuclear powers would stay limited to these smaller, less destructive bombs.
Adv 2
Expansion of UAE influence causes colonial African instability.
Werleman 21 "UAE's Scheming in Africa Will Only Sow More Instability" CJ Werleman ~CJ Werleman is a journalist, published author, political commentator, analyst on conflict and terrorism, and activist who has dedicated his career to exposing discrimination and injustices against Muslim communities around the world.~ July 6, 2021 https://insidearabia.com/uaes-scheming-in-africa-will-only-sow-more-instability/ SM UAE's Scheming in Africa Will Only Sow More Instability The UAE's pressure campaign for AND effort that may bring more violence to an already blood-soaked land.
It's existential—-state collapse, refugees, and terror.
Perez '18 ~Alexandra; 2018; Pepperdine University, School of Public Policy. Masters in Public Policy at Pepperdine. Project Manager, Health Policy at Cato Institute; "Food Security as U.S. National Security: Why Fragile States in Africa Matter." https://digitalcommons.pepperdine.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1169andcontext=ppr~~ The United States' role in foreign affairs is guided by an interest to keep the AND states but also incentivize recipient behavior that will make such aid more effective.
UAE growing influence and emboldenment is key to destabilizing intervention in East Africa – specifically causes Somali instability.
Fuller 18 EXPORTING (IN)STABILITY: THE UAE'S ROLE IN YEMEN AND THE HORN OF AFRICA Braden Fuller is an Africa Researcher with ACLED. Emile Roy is an ACLED Researcher. 10/10/2018 https://acleddata.com/2018/10/10/exporting-instability-the-uaes-role-in-yemen-and-the-horn-of-africa/ SM The UAE's Engagement in East Africa: A Tale of Ports In contrast to AND certain to influence levels of political violence within the Red Sea littoral communities.
Somali Instability causes Al-Shabaab Resurgence.
Magara 21 Ibrahim Magara 6-15-2021 "The political crisis in Somalia and the resurgence of Al Shabaab" https://euideas.eui.eu/2021/06/15/the-political-crisis-in-somalia-and-the-resurgence-of-al-shabaab/ (Post-Graduate Researcher at Loughborough University)Elmer Al Shabaab attacks Al Shabaab is a terrorist, jihadist fundamentalist group based in East AND the fact that Islamism is not necessarily the unifying force in Somali politics.
Al Shabaab can get CBW
Kelly 14 ~Kelley, Maria. MA Critical Terror Studies Terrorism and the growing threat of weapons of mass destruction: Al-Shabaab. Anchor Academic Publishing (aap_verlag), 2014~ Page 76-80 Chapter 5 provided summaries of the problem, the review of the literature. the AND and would achieve the organization's goals. at least in the short term.
Walsh, 20 — Axios Future correspondent ~Bryan Walsh, "The coronavirus pandemic reawakens bioweapon fears," Axios, 5-14-2020, https://www.axios.com/coronavirus-pandemic-pathogen-bioweapon-45417c86-52aa-41b1-8a99-44a6e597d3a8.html, accessed 9-7-2020~ The coronavirus pandemic reawakens bioweapon fears The immense human and economic toll of the AND could potentially make a dangerous engineered virus, whether deliberately or by accident.
Lack of Chinese Right to Strike devastates Collective Bargaining – undermines any legal leverage for Strikes.
Friedman 17 Eli Friedman 4-20-2017 "Collective Bargaining in China is Dead: The Situation is Excellent" https://www.chinoiresie.info/collective-bargaining-in-china-is-dead-the-situation-is-excellent/ (Assistant Professor of International and Comparative Labour at Cornell University)Elmer For many years reform-oriented labour activists and scholars working in China have seen AND will be the necessary prelude to any institutional reform worthy of the name.
Any credible union power is under-cut by detentions of labor activists.
Merkley and McGovern 13 Jeff Merkley and James McGovern 12-20-2013 "Detention of Labor Representative Highlights Challenges for Collective Bargaining in China" https://www.cecc.gov/publications/commission-analysis/detention-of-labor-representative-highlights-challenges-for (Representative and Co-Chair of the Congressional-Executive Commission on China)Elmer Authorities in Shenzhen city, Guangdong province, detained migrant worker and labor representative Wu AND the "effective recognition" of the right to collective bargaining.~16~
Enhanced Unions and Labor Reforms key to sustained Chinese Economic Growth – it pulls it back from the brink
Haack 21 Michael Haack 2-13-2021 "Could Biden Make US-China Trade Better for Workers?" https://thediplomat.com/2021/02/could-biden-make-us-china-trade-better-for-workers/ (Michael Haack currently a contractor with the China Labor Translation Project, a project of the Chinese Progressive Association. He previously worked with industrial workers in southern China. Michael holds master's degrees from SOAS, University of London and American University)Elmer Meanwhile, even as China grows, its wealth remains largely with companies and the AND unions were allowed to flourish — thus advancing their own stated policy aims.
China's Economy is on the brink of collapse – only solving poverty can reverse it.
Lopez 10-24 Linette Lopez 10-24-2021 "If China's economy keeps stumbling, it won't just take down Beijing - the whoel world will collapse with it" https://archive.md/M4qjY~~#selection-2241.0-2250.1 (Linette is the senior finance correspondent at Business Insider, writing a combination of opinions and analysis. She joined BI in the summer of 2011 after graduating from Columbia University's School of Journalism.)Elmer China's economy — the 2nd-largest in the world — is teetering on the AND economy from one driven by state investments to one sustained by consumer spending.
Chinese Economic Decline leads to all-out War – specifically over Taiwan.
Joske 18 Stephen Joske 10-23-2018 "China's Coming Financial Crisis And The National Security Connection" https://warontherocks.com/2018/10/chinas-coming-financial-crisis-and-the-national-security-connection/ (senior adviser to the Australian Treasurer during the 1997–98 Asian crisis)re-cut by Elmer The biggest national security issues, however, arise from the unpredictable political impact of AND stall or even end China's rise as a global military and political power.
Taiwan goes Nuclear – intermingled weapons systems and allied commitments
Talmadge 18 ~Caitlin, Associate Professor of Security Studies at the Edmund A. Walsh School of Foreign Service at Georgetown University, "Beijing's Nuclear Option: Why a U.S.-China War Could Spiral Out of Control," accessible online at https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/china/2018-10-15/beijings-nuclear-option, published Nov/Dec 2018~re-cut by Elmer As China's power has grown in recent years, so, too, has the AND have considered unthinkable only months earlier. This pattern could unfold again today.
Nuke war causes extinction AND outweighs other existential risks
Checked PND 16. internally citing Zbigniew Brzezinski, Council of Foreign Relations and former national security adviser to President Carter, Toon and Robock's 2012 study on nuclear winter in the Bulletin of Atomic Scientists, Gareth Evans' International Commission on Nuclear Non-proliferation and Disarmament Report, Congressional EMP studies, studies on nuclear winter by Seth Baum of the Global Catastrophic Risk Institute and Martin Hellman of Stanford University, and U.S. and Russian former Defense Secretaries and former heads of nuclear missile forces, brief submitted to the United Nations General Assembly, Open-Ended Working Group on nuclear risks. A/AC.286/NGO/13. 05-03-2016. http://www.reachingcriticalwill.org/images/documents/Disarmament-fora/OEWG/2016/Documents/NGO13.pdfRe-cut by Elmer Consequences human survival 12. Even if the 'other' side does NOT launch in response AND course the immediate post-nuclear results for Hiroshima and Nagasaki as well.
Thus the plan – A just government of the People's Republic of China ought to recognize an unconditional right of workers to strike.
That solves worker liberation, labor reforms, and re-establishes credible Collective Bargaining in China – establishing legal protection for Labor Unions reduces overall labor-related discontent.
Dongfang 11 Han Dongfang 4-6-2011 "Liberate China's Workers" https://archive.md/7RvDG~~#selection-307.0-316.0 (director of China Labour Bulletin, a nongovernmental organization that defends the rights of workers in China.)Elmer HONG KONG — There is no legal right to strike in China, but there AND Communist Party's goal of creating a more prosperous, stable and harmonious society.
The Right to Strike re-balances China's Economy.
Roberts 10 Dexter Roberts 8-5-2010 "Is the Right to Strike Coming to China" https://archive.md/hjNI7 (Editor at Bloomberg)Elmer The name gives no hint of the revolutionary changes afoot for mainland workers. Yet AND being debated in Guangdong could greatly strengthen the bargaining power of Chinese workers.
The continual settler drive to secure its own health has resulted in a system of global biopiracy wherein western transnational corporations have targeted traditional medicine used by tribes in places like Northeast India, establishing patents on biological resources and indigenous medicine for their own profit. Biopiracy renders these indigenous knowledges and communities as only sites for extraction of knowledge, wealth, and resources, which has spread to the global south and is only increasing in speed due to the genomics revolution.
Bhattacharya 14 ~Sayan Battacharya, Department of Environmental Studies at Rabindra Bharati University in Kolkata, India~, "Bioprospecting, biopiracy and food security in India: The emerging sides of neoliberalism", International Letters of Social and Humanistic Sciences, SciPress Ltd, pg. 49-54, 2014 SLC PK 2. BIODIVERSITY, BIOPROSPECTING AND BIOPIRACY Historically there has been prolific scientific interest AND rights of the farming community over the genetic wealth used in agriculture.17
Western intellectual property rights protections are structurally opposed to traditional indigenous medicines, causing continual cooption for modern pharmaceuticals while leaving the communities from which they're derived in the dust.
Eiland 08 ~Dr. Eiland received a doctorate in Oriental Archaeology from Oxford University and an LLM from the Munich Intellectual Property Law Center~, "Patenting Traditional Medicine", Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH and Co. KG, pg. 7-10, 2008 SLC PK Traditional medicines (TM)1 can form the basis of modern pharmaceuticals. Depend AND critics, it has devastating effects on the TK of other nations.1
The move to biopiracy adds new energy and technology to the settler project of terra nullius, putting every part of the world into the project of dispossession.
Sharma and Campbell 99 ~Sharma is a Ph.D. in Sociology from the University of Toronto and an Associate Professor of the Sociology Department at the University of Hawai'I at Manoa. Allison Campbell is an American Chemist known for work on biomineralization, biomimetics, biomaterials, and bioactive coatings for medical implants.~ "Vandana Shiva on Sexual Economics, Biopiracy and Women's Ongoing Resistance to Colonialism", Atlantis, Volume 23.2, Spring/Summer 1999 SLC PK Q. 1 Some feminists talk about globalization as a new phenomenon. You talk AND in highly intensive interaction with ourselves and with the rest of the world.
Thus, we affirm – the member nations of the World Trade Organization ought to end the use of intellectual property protections by non-Indigenous groups for medicines derived from Indigenous knowledge.
Indigenous peoples have made it clear— settler use of IPR is an active threat to traditional medicine which treats natives as an expense rather than a priority. Prefer indigenous scholarship—conversations over IPR on traditional knowledge have actively and historically excluded native voices which ignores the material implications they have on the lives and livelihoods of natives.
IPCB et al. 06 ~The IPCB is organized to assist indigenous peoples in the protection of their genetic resources, indigenous knowledge, cultural and human rights from the negative effects of biotechnology. Llamado de la Tierra is comprised of indigenous peoples throughout the world who are experienced in cultural and intellectual property policies and laws in the context of the indigenous struggle for de-colonisation and self-determination. The International Indian Treaty Council serves as an advocate for the human rights of Indigenous Peoples locally, nationally, and internationally.~ "Joint Statement of the Indigenous Peoples Council on Biocolonialism (IPCB), Call of the Earth/Llamado de la Tierra (COE), and International Indian Treaty Council (IITC)", International IP Policy News, 6-12-06, https://www.ip-watch.org/2006/12/06/inside-views-indigenous-groups-tell-wipo-dont-patent-our-traditional-knowledge/SLC PK Mr. Chairman, we have some general comments regarding document 10/5 on AND out in the human rights arena. Thank you for your indulgence.
When biopiracy tries to patent Indigenous medicine, it also demonstrates a renewed interest in nature as co-constitutive with science. This interest destabilizes the nature/culture binary as fixed by the enlightenment, showing that nature is of value. This becomes a locus to debunk settler myths when weaponized through Indigenous resistance. Legal and political moves against biopiracy such as the plan are key to solvency—anything else fails to rupture the western representation of the helpless native which is necessary for real justice.
Curbishley 15 ~Liddy Scarlet Curbishley in a Thesis submitted for the Masters of Humanities in Gender Studies at Utrecht University~, "Destabilizing the Colonization of Indigenous Knowledge In the Case of Biopiracy", August 2015 SLC PK Throughout this exploration of the colonization of indigenous knowledges through acts of biopiracy I have AND Gaard, 2010: 13) has on vulnerable individuals and the environment.
Strategic weaponization and alterations of settler patent systems by Indigenous groups are valuable, even if those systems are flawed. The 1AC is part and parcel with a long legacy of resistance.
Younging 10 "Intergovernmental Committee On Intellectual Property And Genetic Resources Traditional Knowledge And Folklore" Seventeenth Session Geneva, December 6-10, 2010 Wipo Indigenous Panel On The Role Of The Public Domain Concept: Experiences In The Fields Of Genetic Resources, Traditional Knowledge And Traditional Cultural Expressions: Experiences From Canada Document prepared by Mr. Gregory Younging ~Creative Rights Alliance, Kelowna, Canada, Opaskwayak Cree Nation-Canada~ https://www.wipo.int/edocs/mdocs/tk/en/wipo_grtkf_ic_17/wipo_grtkf_ic_17_inf_5_a.pdf SM The precept that all Intellectual Property, including TK, is intended to eventually enter AND systems limitations and found a way to make it work to protect TK.
The affirmative is a form of material reform to improve indigenous livability —leaving multiple options for survival on the table is necessary for indigenous people to effectively resist colonization
Grande 07 (Sandy Grande, Connecticut College education associate professor~, Critical Pedagogy: Where are we now? By Peter McLaren, "Red Lake Woebegone: Pedagogy, Decolonization, and the Critical Project" p330, http://books.google.com/books?id=M97YKJdkJbcCandq=sandy+grande~~#v=onepageandq=grammar20of20empireandf=false, p.330, accessed 3-17-14) Audre Lorde's essay, The Master's Tools Will Not Dismantle the Master's House, is AND multicultural harmony but rather the critical and dialogical tension between competing moral visions.
Every facet of foreign policy is indebted to settler colonialism—IR's erasure of indigenous peoples through casting them as domestic, primitive, and landless creates complicity in the destruction of indigenous life and governance.
King 17 (Hayden King, Gchi'mnissing Anishinaabe writer and educator based in the Faculty of Arts at Ryerson University in Toronto., 7-31-17, The erasure of Indigenous thought in foreign policy, https://www.opencanada.org/features/erasure-indigenous-thought-foreign-policy/, JKS) This type of arrangement between Indigenous and non-Indigenous Canadians might be conceptualized as AND . And so, foreign policy is itself a manifestation of settler colonialism.
Debate's fixation on extinction narratives centers a notion of universal humanity that allows for dehumanization and erasure of native relationality to nature. Settlers attach themselves to the thrill of abjection in order to distance themselves from the violence of settler colonialism and the ethical imperative to work against it.
Mitchell 17 ""Decolonizing against extinction part II: Extinction is not a metaphor – it is literally genocide" Audra Mitchell ~settler currently living and working on the Ancestral and Treaty lands of the Attawandaron (Neutral), Haudenosaunee (Six Nations of the Grand River) and Anishinaabe (Mississaugas of the New Credit) peoples. Prof. Mitchell holds the Canada Research Chair in Global Political Ecology at the Balsillie School of International Affairs~, September 27, 2017, https://worldlyir.wordpress.com/2017/09/27/decolonizing-against-extinction-part-ii-extinction-is-not-a-metaphor-it-is-literally-genocide/ SM Extinction is not a metaphor… Extinction has become an emblem of Western, AND relations, worlds and peoples that are targeted by these discourses and practices.
9/17/21
SO - AC - Covid
Tournament: Greenhill RR | Round: 4 | Opponent: Harrison AC | Judge: Joel Lemuel, Wesley Loofbourrow
Rich countries are blocking a WTO patent-waiver proposal necessary to boost global production of COVID vaccines.
Meredith 21. ~(Sam Meredith is a Correspondent at CNBC in London, covering international politics, energy and business news) "Rich countries are refusing to waive the rights on Covid vaccines as global cases hit record levels," CNBC, April 22, 2021. https://www.cnbc.com/2021/04/22/covid-rich-countries-are-refusing-to-waive-ip-rights-on-vaccines.html~~ TDI LONDON — The U.S., Canada and U.K. are among AND is vital in the fight to prevent, treat and contain the coronavirus.
The pandemic is raging through developing economies and inflicting loss on a horrific scale.
Lindsey 21. ~(Brink Lindsey) "Why intellectual property and pandemics don't mix," Brookings Institution, June 3, 2021. https://www.brookings.edu/blog/up-front/2021/06/03/why-intellectual-property-and-pandemics-dont-mix/~~ TDI Although focusing on these immediate constraints is vital, we cannot confine our attention to AND of patent restrictions to enable new vaccine producers to make a positive difference.
Advantage 1
US support for a waiver has been in name only – failure to actualize the vaccine IP waiver is killing US global influence.
Day 7/19 "Biden Just Turned Down a Golden Opportunity to End Vaccine Apartheid" Meagan Day ~staff writer at Jacobin, Her articles have also appeared in The New York Times, The Guardian, Vox, n+1, The Baffler, In These Times, Mother Jones, and elsewhere.~, 07/19/2021 https://www.jacobinmag.com/2021/07/biden-administration-covid-19-vaccine-apartheid-global-south-distribution-merkel SM Joe Biden publicly supports proposals to waive vaccine patents to help end the COVID- AND still an open question how serious he is about making it a reality.
Successful adoption of the waiver revitalizes US leadership.
Gupta and Namboodiri 7/13 "America And The TRIPS Waiver: You Can Talk The Talk, But Will You Walk The Walk?" Vineeta Gupta ~MD, JD, LLM, is a maternal and child health physician, human rights advocate, and a passionate activist for health equity~ Sreenath Namboodiri ~LLM, LLB, is assistant professor at the School of Ethics, Governance, Culture and Social Systems at Chinmaya Vishwavidyapeeth and a post-graduate on law of intellectual property rights (IPR) from Inter University Centre for IPR Studies, CUSAT, Kochi~, July 13, 2021, https://www.healthaffairs.org/do/10.1377/hblog20210712.248782/full/ SM The TRIPS waiver is critical to ensuring an equitable distribution of vaccines around the globe AND and facilitating its implementation while calling on others to do so as well.
The vaccine patent waiver is the key test– success is crucial to restoring hegemony. It's about signaling, which means CPs can't solve.
LaFranchi et al 5/7 "For Biden, vaccine patent waiver is a test of US leadership," May 7, 2021, Howard LaFranchi ~Staff writer~, Ryan Lenora Brown ~Staff writer~, Noah Robertson ~Staff writer~, Sarita Santoshini ~Correspondent~ https://www.csmonitor.com/USA/Foreign-Policy/2021/0507/For-Biden-vaccine-patent-waiver-is-a-test-of-US-leadership SM For Biden, vaccine patent waiver is a test of US leadership When asked AND IP protections for vaccine production – Mr. Biden's move drew guarded optimism.
Primacy prevents great-power conflict — multipolar revisionism fragments the global order and causes nuclear war
Brands and Edel, 19 — Hal Brands; PhD, Henry A. Kissinger Distinguished Professor of Global Affairs at the Johns Hopkins School of Advanced International Studies. Charles Edel; PhD, Senior Fellow and Visiting Scholar at the United States Studies Centre at the University of Sydney. ("The Lessons of Tragedy: Statecraft and World Order;" Ch. 6: Darkening Horizon; Published by Yale University Press; GrRv) Each of these geopolitical challenges is different, and each reflects the distinctive interests, ambitions, and history of the country undertaking it. Yet there is growing cooperation between the countries that are challenging the regional pillars of the U.S.-led order. Russia and China have collaborated on issues such as energy, sales and development of military technology, opposition to additional U.S. military deployments on the Korean peninsula, and naval exercises from the South China Sea to the Baltic. In Syria, Iran provided the shock troops that helped keep Russia's ally, Bashar al-Assad, in power, as Moscow provided the air power and the diplomatic cover. "Our cooperation can isolate America," supreme leader Ali Khamenei told Putin in 2017. More broadly, what links these challenges together is their opposition to the constellation of power, norms, and relationships that the U.S.-led order entails, and in their propensity to use violence, coercion, and intimidation as means of making that opposition effective. Taken collectively, these challenges constitute a geopolitical sea change from the post-Cold War era. The revival of great-power competition entails higher international tensions than the world has AND with an eye to preserving and perhaps even selectively advancing its remarkable achievements.
The United States has been the cause of anti-imperialism globally – the four waves of empire building and dismantlement are intrinsically US driven – we have a chart
Deudney and Ikenberry 15 (Daniel Deudney, Johns Hopkins University G. John Ikenberry, Princeton University "America's Impact: The End of Empire and the Globalization of the Westphalian System", August 2015, http://scholar.princeton.edu/sites/default/files/gji3/files/am-impact-dd-gji-final-1-august-2015.pdf)two charts from the article In contemporary debates, this argument undercuts, modifies, and qualifies characterizations held by AND the universalization, institutionalization, and stabilization of the Westphalian state-system.
Advantage 2
The new head of the WTO is on track to push for reform and an increased role in the international arena, but is hindered now due to lack of vaccine agreement.
Patent waiver is necessary to revitalize WTO's credibility as an international dispute mechanism – creates momentum for further reform.
Meyer 6-18-21. ~(David Meyer is the Editor of CEO Daily and a senior writer on Fortune's European team. Author of the digital rights primer, Control Shift: How Technology Affects You and Your Rights. "The WTO's survival hinges on the COVID-19 vaccine patent debate, waiver advocates warn," Fortune, June 18, 2021. https://fortune.com/2021/06/18/wto-covid-vaccines-patents-waiver-south-africa-trips/~~ TDI The World Trade Organization knows all about crises. Former U.S. President AND impact not in starting discussions but in getting deals over the finish line."
Specifically, action now over Covid creates goodwill to establish global trade as a norm and preserve the relevance of the trading system post-Covid.
González20. ~(Anabel Gonzalez is a nonresident senior fellow at the Peterson Institute and former Minister of Foreign Trade of Costa Rica "Revitalising multilateral trade cooperation: Why? Why Now? And How?" November 10, 2020. https://voxeu.org/content/revitalising-multilateralism-pragmatic-ideas-new-wto-director-general~~ TDI EXTRAORDINARY TIMES DEMAND EXTRAORDINARY ACTION As of 2 November 2020, there are 46. AND lawyers, but it can only operate within the limits set by politicians.
Post Covid WTO legitimacy and credibility are necessary to prevent a downward spiral of protectionism.
SolÃs 20. ~(Mireya SolÃs is director of the Center for East Asia Policy Studies, Philip Knight Chair in Japan Studies, and a senior fellow in the Foreign Policy program at Brookings. "The post COVID-19 world: Economic nationalism triumphant?" July 10, 2020. https://www.brookings.edu/blog/order-from-chaos/2020/07/10/the-post-covid-19-world-economic-nationalism-triumphant/~~ TDI The damage caused by the worst global health crisis in a century is vast. AND in the current crisis, Japan has much to contribute to these efforts.
Trade solves great power competition – regionalism causes militarized crises.
Lake 18. ~(David Lake is a Professor of Social Sciences and Distinguished Professor of Political Science at the University of California, San Diego. "Economic Openness and Great Power Competition: Lessons for China and the United States," April 30, 2018. https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3171196/~~ TDI I develop two central arguments. First, historically, great power competition has been AND politics and grand strategy,14 and systemic theories of international relations.15
Independently, WTO cred solves nuclear war – allows an off-track for nuclear weapons.
Hamann 09. ~(Georgia Hamann is a J.D. Candidate, Vanderbilt University Law School, "Replacing Slingshots with Swords: Implications of the Antigua-Gambling 22.6 Panel Report for Developing Countries and the World Trading System," 2009.~ TDI Voluntary compliance with WTO rules and procedures is of the utmost importance to the international AND keenly aware of the responsibility they have to uphold the organization's credibility. 108
Nuclear war causes extinction – famine and climate change
Starr 15 ~(Steven, Director of the University of Missouri's Clinical Laboratory Science Program and a senior scientist at the Physicians for Social Responsibility) "Nuclear War, Nuclear Winter, and Human Extinction," Federation of American Scientists, 10/14/2015~ DD While it is impossible to precisely predict all the human impacts that would result from a nuclear winter, it is relatively simple to predict those which would be most profound. That is, a nuclear winter would cause most humans and large animals to die from nuclear famine in a mass extinction event similar to the one that wiped out the dinosaurs. Following the detonation (in conflict) of US and/or Russian launch-ready strategic nuclear weapons, nuclear firestorms would burn simultaneously over a total land surface area of many thousands or tens of thousands of square miles. These mass fires, many of which would rage over large cities and industrial areas, would release many tens of millions of tons of black carbon soot and smoke (up to 180 million tons, according to peer-reviewed studies), which would rise rapidly above cloud level and into the stratosphere. ~For an explanation of the calculation of smoke emissions, see Atmospheric effects and societal consequences of regional scale nuclear conflicts.~ The scientists who completed the most recent peer-reviewed studies on nuclear winter discovered AND few remaining survivors be able to survive in a radioactive, toxic environment?
1AC – Plan
Plan – The member nations of the World Trade Organization should reduce intellectual property protections for COVID-19 medicines.
Normal means is waiver
9/17/21
SO - AC - Euphoric TRIPS
Tournament: Loyola | Round: 1 | Opponent: Strake Jesuit EP | Judge: Sreyaash Das
The current WTO patent system is locking in global cannabis monopolies.
Kellner 21 "Mitigating the Effects of Intellectual Property Colonialism on Budding Cannabis Markets" Hughie Kellner ~Hughie Kellner came from the small farm town of Uvalde, Texas and received a bachelor's degree in Physics from the University of Texas at Austin. Upon graduation from the Indiana University Maurer School of Law, Hughie will deploy his physics degree while prosecuting patents in the Frankfurt am Main, Germany office of Leydig, Voit, and Mayer. After Hughie's first year at Maurer, he worked for a law firm in Thailand as a Stewart Fellow.~ Indiana Journal of Global Legal Studies Vol. 28 ~#1 (Winter 2021) https://www.repository.law.indiana.edu/ijgls/vol28/iss1/9/ SM B. How the Patent Has Become a Tool for Globalization The trade- AND , the inventor could create an economic climate close to a global monopoly.
Thailand proves – the world is trending towards legalization but big pharma patents lock in cannabis monopolies and crowd out local growth.
Kellner 21 "Mitigating the Effects of Intellectual Property Colonialism on Budding Cannabis Markets" Hughie Kellner ~Hughie Kellner came from the small farm town of Uvalde, Texas and received a bachelor's degree in Physics from the University of Texas at Austin. Upon graduation from the Indiana University Maurer School of Law, Hughie will deploy his physics degree while prosecuting patents in the Frankfurt am Main, Germany office of Leydig, Voit, and Mayer. After Hughie's first year at Maurer, he worked for a law firm in Thailand as a Stewart Fellow.~ Indiana Journal of Global Legal Studies Vol. 28 ~#1 (Winter 2021) https://www.repository.law.indiana.edu/ijgls/vol28/iss1/9/ SM The reason the Thai public was so concerned over the cannabis patents filed by Otsuka AND , as a resolution to the Canadian recusal from the UN Single Convention.
Monopolies kill cannabis biodiversity which throttles medical marijuana advances and industry innovation.
Barnett 20 Hailey A. Barnett ~J.D. candidate 2020, Tulane University Law School; B.A. 2017, Communication, cum laude, Texas AandM University.~, "High Risk, High Reward: Patent Law's Effects on the Medical Marijuana Industry," Tulane Journal of Technology and Intellectual Property 22 (2020): 125-164 https://heinonline.org/HOL/LandingPage?handle=hein.journals/tuljtip22anddiv=8andid=andpage= SM A. Biodiversity Implications for Cannabis Strain Patents Biodiversity, or biological diversity, AND effects on that country's biodiversity and its rights to that biodiversity.2 50
Monopolies kill market growth and disincentivize innovation.
Gunelius 20 "How Big Business, Monopolies and Stacked Licenses Impact the Marijuana Industry," February 7, 2020, Originally published 3/4/17, Susan Gunelius is President and CEO of KeySplash Creative, Inc. https://www.cannabiz.media/blog/how-big-business-monopolies-and-stacked-licenses-impact-the-marijuana-industry SM However, the continued growth and development of big businesses with deep pockets in the AND over the long-term as well as ongoing innovation and product accessibility.
Medical marijuana is key to resolving opioid pain reliever prescriptions – biggest internal link to addiction and overuse
Blake 20 ~Dwight K Blake, Founder of American Marijuana, 15 years of experience in mental health counseling and addiction treatment.~ "Medical marijuana reduces opioid prescribing rate," American Marijuana, March 24, 2020, https://americanmarijuana.org/medical-marijuana-solution-to-opioid-epidemic/ ~note: charts/images omitted~ TG Medical Marijuana as A Painkiller Marijuana contains many Cannabinoids including CBD or Cannabidiol and AND have shown an average reduction rate of opioid consumption by 5.21.
The opioid crisis risks massively destructive terrorism – synthetic opioids can be weaponized and spread
Morell 17 (Michael Morell, the former Acting Director and Deputy Director of the Central Intelligence Agency, is one of our nation's leading national security professionals, with extensive experience in intelligence and foreign policy. During his 33-year career at CIA, Michael served as Deputy Director for over three years, served twice as Acting Director, served for two years as the Director of Intelligence, the Agency's top analyst, and for two years as Executive Director, the CIA's top administrator.)("The Opioid Crisis Becomes a National Security Threat", July 26, 2017, https://www.thecipherbrief.com/column_article/opioid-crisis-becomes-national-security-threat) On October 23, 2002, dozens of armed Chechen terrorists seized a Moscow theater AND – particularly when it is so easy to see what might be coming.
Developments and attacks are coming now – spurs inter-state wars AND non-state actors which ensure escalation – taboo eroded, empirics prove, tech and motive are here
Henry de Quetteville et al 18. Special Correspondent @Telegraph, Technology. Former foreign correspondent in France, the Balkans and the Middle East., citing James Giordano, professor of neurology, chief of the Neuroethics Studies Program, and co-director of the O'Neill-Pellegrino Program in Brain Science and Global Health Law and Policy at Georgetown University Medical Center. He is an member of the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency's panel on neuroethics, legal, and social issues, and serves as a senior science advisory fellow to the Joint Staff at the Pentagon. His latest book is Neurotechnology in National Security and Defense: Practical Considerations, Neuroethical Concerns (CRC Press), citing Gavin Williamson, UK Secretary of Defense, citing Aimen Dean, also known as Ramzi is a Bahrainian man who was a founding member of al-Qaeda. In 1998, he joined the Secret Intelligence Service and became an MI6 spy, citing Hamish de Bretton-Gordon, a chemical weapons expert and chief operating officer of SecureBio Limited. He was formerly a British Army officer for 23 years and commanding officer of the UK's CBRN Regiment and NATO's Rapid Reaction CBRN Battalion, August 3, 2018, "The rise of biological and chemical weapons After Salisbury, how ready is the UK?", https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/rise-of-biological-chemical-weapons/. Rez With nerve agents having been deployed in Syria, Malaysia and Salisbury, the 100 AND total? $26.2 billion per 100,000 persons exposed.
Nuke war causes extinction – Ice Age, famines, and war won't stay limited
Edwards 17 ~Paul N. Edwards, CISAC's William J. Perry Fellow in International Security at Stanford's Freeman Spogli Institute for International Studies. Being interviewed by EarthSky. How nuclear war would affect Earth's climate. September 8, 2017. earthsky.org/human-world/how-nuclear-war-would-affect-earths-climate~ Note, we are only reading parts of the interview that are directly from Paul Edwards — MMG In the nuclear conversation, what are we not talking about that we should be AND two nuclear powers would stay limited to these smaller, less destructive bombs.
Chemical WMDs cause extinction – one incident is enough
Gander 18, Kashmira. Citing the Global Catastrophic Risks Foundation's Global Challenges Annual Report, edited by Martin Rees, UK Astronomer Royal, and Co-founder, Cambridge Centre for the Study of Existential Risk, and whose section on chemical warfare was reviewed by Angela Kane, Senior Fellow at the Vienna Centre for Disarmament and Non-Proliferation, visiting Professor at Sciences Po Paris, and former High Representative for Disarmament Affairs at the United Nations. 10-31-2018. "Experts reveal the nine most likely ways the world will end." Newsweek. https://www.newsweek.com/how-will-world-end-experts-reveal-9-most-likely-ways-humans-will-be-wiped-out-1194616. Rez. Humanity being annihilated by chemical weapons or the molten lava of a supervolcano may sound AND it could "cause a pandemic of unprecedented proportions," the report stated.
Plan – the member nations of the World Trade Organization ought to delay patent enforcement for cannabis.
Kellner 21 "Mitigating the Effects of Intellectual Property Colonialism on Budding Cannabis Markets" Hughie Kellner ~Hughie Kellner came from the small farm town of Uvalde, Texas and received a bachelor's degree in Physics from the University of Texas at Austin. Upon graduation from the Indiana University Maurer School of Law, Hughie will deploy his physics degree while prosecuting patents in the Frankfurt am Main, Germany office of Leydig, Voit, and Mayer. After Hughie's first year at Maurer, he worked for a law firm in Thailand as a Stewart Fellow.~ Indiana Journal of Global Legal Studies Vol. 28 ~#1 (Winter 2021) https://www.repository.law.indiana.edu/ijgls/vol28/iss1/9/ SM Includes enforcement and duration A simple solution to the problem is this: if AND be achieved through controlling varying means and portions of the patent application process.
The plan solves by reigning in monopolies without killing innovation.
Kellner 21 "Mitigating the Effects of Intellectual Property Colonialism on Budding Cannabis Markets" Hughie Kellner ~Hughie Kellner came from the small farm town of Uvalde, Texas and received a bachelor's degree in Physics from the University of Texas at Austin. Upon graduation from the Indiana University Maurer School of Law, Hughie will deploy his physics degree while prosecuting patents in the Frankfurt am Main, Germany office of Leydig, Voit, and Mayer. After Hughie's first year at Maurer, he worked for a law firm in Thailand as a Stewart Fellow.~ Indiana Journal of Global Legal Studies Vol. 28 ~#1 (Winter 2021) https://www.repository.law.indiana.edu/ijgls/vol28/iss1/9/ SM Patents may still be sought and possibly even acquired if the government so chooses. AND cannot monopolize their innovations, and are thus placed on an equal footing.
Current TRIP-plus data exclusivity standards in Jordan devastate healthcare accessibility and the economy.
Barqawi 19 "The access to medicine puzzle: scaling back the negative effects of the Jordan–US Free Trade Agreement" Laila Barqawi ~Lecturer of University of Central Lancashire, Preston (UCLAN)~. Journal of Intellectual Property Law and Practice, Volume 14, Issue 9, September 2019, Pages 678–686, https://doi.org/10.1093/jiplp/jpz080 SM Jordanian officials have started to recognize the negative impact of data exclusivity as can be AND cost consumers in Jordan's retail market US$ 18 million in 2004.11
Data exclusivity is the key internal link to blocking generic competition, economic growth, and affordable healthcare – case study proves.
Malpani 09 "All costs, no benefi ts: How the US – Jordan free trade agreement affects access to medicines" Rohit Malpani ~a senior campaigns advisor at Oxfam America. He currently manages Oxfam International's access-to-medicines campaign~. 2009 Palgrave Macmillan 1741-1343 Journal of Generic Medicines Vol. 6, 3, 206–217 https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.851.5138andrep=rep1andtype=pdf SM HOW TRIPS-PLUS RULES HAVE RESTRICTED GENERIC COMPETITION IN JORDAN SINCE 2001 Since AND have received an additional 3 years of monopoly protection for new indications. 4
Data exclusivity creates monopolies that guts access to affordable medicine – reverse causal data proves.
Armouti and Nsour 16 "Data Exclusivity for Pharmaceuticals: Was It the Best Choice for Jordan Under the U.S.- Jordan Free Trade Agreement?" WAEL ARMOUTI ~LL.M in intellectual property law, Faculty of Law, the University of Jordan (Amman, Jordan), Legal Affairs Director at Jordan Food and Drug Administration (JFDA).~ AND MOHAMMAD F.A. NSOUR ~Lawyer and associate law professor at the University of Jordan.~ OREGON REVIEW OF INTERNATIONAL LAW ~Vol. 17, 259 2016~ https://scholarsbank.uoregon.edu/xmlui/bitstream/handle/1794/20019/Nsour.pdf?sequence=1andisAllowed=y SM In order to control diseases, people must be able to access affordable medicines. AND with a 2 million JD saving.258 Chart 2 represents this saving.
Data exclusivity stymies the generic market which is key to the Jordanian pharmaceutical industry. That spills over to neighboring countries and the Jordanian economy writ large.
Armouti and Nsour 16 "Data Exclusivity for Pharmaceuticals: Was It the Best Choice for Jordan Under the U.S.- Jordan Free Trade Agreement?" WAEL ARMOUTI ~LL.M in intellectual property law, Faculty of Law, the University of Jordan (Amman, Jordan), Legal Affairs Director at Jordan Food and Drug Administration (JFDA).~ AND MOHAMMAD F.A. NSOUR ~Lawyer and associate law professor at the University of Jordan.~ OREGON REVIEW OF INTERNATIONAL LAW ~Vol. 17, 259 2016~ https://scholarsbank.uoregon.edu/xmlui/bitstream/handle/1794/20019/Nsour.pdf?sequence=1andisAllowed=y SM Since 2001, no real foreign investments from originator companies in Jordan have materialized. AND , the decrease in pharmaceutical industry export will affect the Jordanian economy.278
Jordan generic pharmaceutical industry is key to economic growth and Middle East healthcare.
Scenario 1 - economic stagnation structurally locks in instability in Jordan.
Wolf 4/14 "A Hashemite Family Reunion Can't Hide Jordan's Woes" Albert B. Wolf, an associate research fellow at Johns Hopkins SAIS and an assistant professor of political science at the American University of Central Asia. April 14, 2021 https://foreignpolicy.com/2021/04/14/jordan-abdullah-hamzah-hashemite-family-reunion-cant-hide-economic-woes/ SM ÂÂA Hashemite Family Reunion Can't Hide Jordan's Woes Making nice after an alleged AND from Hamzah or from another royal rival who has yet to reveal himself.
Economic dependency on the US is a ticking time bomb – it makes instability structurally inevitable absent a domestic economic boost.
Jordan instability due to economic failure spills over regionally – independently ruins Israel-Jordan peace treaty.
Al-Shami et al 4/13 "Jordan's Thorny Spring Spells Trouble for the Middle East" Farah Al-Shami, Research Fellow, Arab Reform Initiative (ARI), Tuqa Nusairat, Deputy Director, Rafik Hariri Center for the Middle East - Atlantic Council, Paolo Maggiolini, Associate Researcher, Italian Institute for International Political Studies (ISPI) and Lecturer in History of Islamic Asia, Catholic University of Milan, Bruce Riedel, Senior Fellow, Foreign Policy, Center for Middle East Policy, Center for Security, Strategy, and Technology, Director - The Intelligence Project, Brookings, April 13, 2021 https://www.ispionline.it/en/pubblicazione/jordans-thorny-spring-spells-trouble-middle-east-30024 SM Jordan's image, painstakingly built by the country's authorities as an oasis of relative stability AND to survival of the Israel-Jordan peace treaty which is deeply unpopular."
Collapse of Israel-Jordan Peace Treaty causes Middle East war.
Lazaroff 20 "Will annexation destroy Israeli-Jordanian peace, set kingdom aflame?" Tovah Lazaroff is the Deputy Managing Editor of The Jerusalem Post May 1, 2020 https://www.jpost.com/middle-east/will-annexation-destroy-israeli-jordanian-peace-set-kingdom-aflame-626104 SM The possible collapse of the Israel-Jordan Peace Treaty and potential destruction of a AND Jordan is crucial for Israel's safety along this critical stretch, Shamni said.
Jordan-Israel peace treaty is key to resolve water wars.
Weinthal 20 "Don't Politicize Water" Erika Weinthal ~professor of environmental policy and public policy at Duke University~ and Neda Zawahri ~associate professor of political science at Cleveland State University~, September 17, 2020, https://foreignpolicy.com/2020/09/17/water-cooperation-middle-east/ SM The recently announced peace deals between Israel and the United Arab Emirates and Bahrain stop AND that brought down regimes across the Middle East during the 2011 Arab uprisings.
Water wars escalate.
Sachs and Huggard 20 "ISRAEL IN THE MIDDLE EAST: The next two decades" Natan Sachs ~fellow in and director of the Center for Middle East Policy at Brookings.~ Kevin Huggard ~senior research associate at the Brookings Institution's Center for Middle East Policy~ November 2020 https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/11/FP_20201120_israel_me_sachs_huggard-1.pdf SM Increasing water scarcity, exacerbated by climate change, poses an especially stark challenge in AND upheavals, climate effects will necessarily further burden overstretched institutions and government resources.
Scenario 2 - healthcare infrastructure key to COVID management.
Failure to contain the pandemic causes Middle East escalation – multiple hotspots.
Alaaldin 20 "COVID-19 will prolong conflict in the Middle East" Ranj Alaaldin ~visiting fellow at the Brookings Doha Center and nonresident fellow in the Foreign Policy program. He's also the director of a Carnegie Corporation project on proxy warfare in the Middle East.~, April 24, 2020 https://www.brookings.edu/blog/order-from-chaos/2020/04/24/covid-19-will-prolong-conflict-in-the-middle-east/ SM CONFLICTS AROUND THE REGION In Libya, as Frederic Wehrey and others have pointed AND which houses 70,000 refugees, including ISIS combatants and their families.
Middle East turmoil goes nuclear.
Silverstein 4/23 "Iran-Israel tensions: The threat of nuclear disaster looms large," Richard Silverstein ~writes the Tikun Olam blog, devoted to exposing the excesses of the Israeli national security state~, 23 April 2021 https://www.middleeasteye.net/opinion/iran-israel-tensions-threat-nuclear-war-looms-large SM Israel had a near-miss of potentially catastrophic proportions on Thursday. As it AND will fight with F-35s, ballistic missiles and possibly nuclear weapons.
Regional war escalates quickly and draws in Russia and the US.
Hour 18 (Maj. Nadav Ben Hour, a visiting military fellow with The Washington Institute, "The Great Middle Eastern War of 2019," 8/20, https://www.washingtoninstitute.org/policy-analysis/view/the-great-middle-eastern-war-of-2019) MULTIPLE ACTORS, FRONTS, AND DOMAINS The potential for yet another war—one AND to escalation there, and perhaps even military intervention by the United States.
Nuke war causes extinction – Ice Age, famines, and war won't stay limited
Edwards 17 ~Paul N. Edwards, CISAC's William J. Perry Fellow in International Security at Stanford's Freeman Spogli Institute for International Studies. Being interviewed by EarthSky. How nuclear war would affect Earth's climate. September 8, 2017. earthsky.org/human-world/how-nuclear-war-would-affect-earths-climate~ Note, we are only reading parts of the interview that are directly from Paul Edwards — MMG In the nuclear conversation, what are we not talking about that we should be AND two nuclear powers would stay limited to these smaller, less destructive bombs.
Plan: The Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan ought to reduce data exclusivity for medicines.
Barqawi 19 "The access to medicine puzzle: scaling back the negative effects of the Jordan–US Free Trade Agreement" Laila Barqawi ~Lecturer of University of Central Lancashire, Preston (UCLAN)~. Journal of Intellectual Property Law and Practice, Volume 14, Issue 9, September 2019, Pages 678–686, https://doi.org/10.1093/jiplp/jpz080 SM We now examine each of the JFDA's recommendations:
'Shortening the AND authority, ending the protection referred to in Article 89 shall be justified.
Reducing data exclusivity revives the generic market which boosts accessible healthcare and the economy.
Alawi and Alabbadi 15 Investigating the Effect of Data Exclusivity on the Pharmaceutical Sector in Jordan Rand Alawi ~Pharmacist, MBA, Faculty of Business, The University of Jordan~ and Ibrahim Alabbadi ~ Associate Professor, MBA, PhD, Biopharmaceutics and Clinical Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Jordan Jordan Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Volume 8, No. 2, 2015 https://journals.ju.edu.jo/JJPS/article/view/9377/4480 SM On the other hand, medicines prices have continued to rise in Jordan after IP AND medicine with no generic equivalent was resulted from the enforcement of data exclusivity.