Portola Singh Aff
| Tournament | Round | Opponent | Judge | Cites | Round Report | Open Source | Edit/Delete |
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| AV | 1 | Lexington FM | Cort Sylvester |
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| AV | 3 | Lexington VM | Momo |
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| CPS | 1 | Perry JA | Cardenas, Albert |
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| Jack Howe | 2 | Canyon Crest ED | Boelkens, Brett |
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| Jack Howe | 3 | Harker GS | Nguyen, Vanessa |
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| Jack Howe | 6 | ModernBrain AY | Lam, Valorie |
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| Loyola | 2 | Bishop AC | Nathan Russel |
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| Loyola | 3 | Mountain View EN | Mizrahi, Lena |
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| Loyola | 5 | Lynbrook SM | David Dosch |
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| Loyola | Triples | BYRAM HILLS AK | panel |
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| The Usual | Finals | me | me |
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| Tournament | Round | Report |
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| AV | 1 | Opponent: Lexington FM | Judge: Cort Sylvester AC - AG Workers |
| AV | 3 | Opponent: Lexington VM | Judge: Momo AC - AG Workers |
| CPS | 1 | Opponent: Perry JA | Judge: Cardenas, Albert AC - Asteroid Mining |
| Jack Howe | 2 | Opponent: Canyon Crest ED | Judge: Boelkens, Brett AC - US Vaccines AC v2 |
| Jack Howe | 3 | Opponent: Harker GS | Judge: Nguyen, Vanessa AC - US Vaccines v1 |
| Jack Howe | 6 | Opponent: ModernBrain AY | Judge: Lam, Valorie AC - US Vaccines |
| Loyola | 2 | Opponent: Bishop AC | Judge: Nathan Russel AC - US Vaccines |
| Loyola | 3 | Opponent: Mountain View EN | Judge: Mizrahi, Lena AC - US Vaccines AC |
| Loyola | 5 | Opponent: Lynbrook SM | Judge: David Dosch AC - US Vaccines |
| Loyola | Triples | Opponent: BYRAM HILLS AK | Judge: panel AC - US Vaccines AC |
To modify or delete round reports, edit the associated round.
Cites
| Entry | Date |
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0 - Contact Info AV updateTournament: The Usual | Round: Finals | Opponent: me | Judge: me Phone: 949-486-9196 | 11/5/21 |
0 - DebateDrillsTournament: The Usual | Round: Finals | Opponent: me | Judge: me | 11/5/21 |
0 - NavigationTournament: The Usual | Round: Finals | Opponent: me | Judge: me | 11/5/21 |
JANFEB - Asteroids ACTournament: CPS | Round: 1 | Opponent: Perry JA | Judge: Cardenas, Albert CPS – AC1AC—PlanPlan: The appropriation of outer space through asteroid mining by private entities should be banned.We’ll defend normal means as the signatories of the OST adding an optional protocol under Article II.Tronchetii 7~Fabio Tronchetti is a professor at the International Institute of Air and Space Law, Leiden University, The Netherlands, 2007, https://iislweb.org/docs/Diederiks2007.pdf, 12-15-2021 amrita~ AND the non-appropriative nature of outer space emerges in all its relevance. 1AC—AdvantagesAdvantage – Asteroid MiningCountries and their companies are making their own rules through patchwork which creates conflict—an international body is keyFoster 16 – Craig, J.D., University of Illinois College of Law, "EXCUSE ME, YOU’RE MINING MY ASTEROID: SPACE PROPERTY RIGHTS AND THE U.S. SPACE RESOURCE EXPLORATION AND UTILIZATION ACT OF 2015", JOURNAL OF LAW, TECHNOLOGY and POLICY, No. 2, page 428-430, http://illinoisjltp.com/journal/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/Foster.pdf AND discussion stages and is likely to take a while to come to fruition. Current space treaties have zero authority and lack clarity—which creates ineffective regulationsMacWhorter 16 – Kevin, J.D from William and Mary College and Contributor to the William and Mary Environmental Law and Policy Review, "Sustainable Mining: Incentivizing Asteroid Mining in the Name of Environmentalism", William and Mary Environmental Law and Policy Review, 2016, https://scholarship.law.wm.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1653andcontext=wmelpr AND States, not to deal with private claims of property. 123 International. Specifically, private entities are scarcely covered by treaties and those that do apply lack enforcement – means zero enforcementWrench 20 John Wrench ~Editor in Chief of CWRU Journal of ILaw~, 12/2/2020, "Non-Appropriation, No Problem: The Outer Space Treaty Is Ready for Asteroid Mining", Case Western Reserve Journal of International Law, Vol. 51, 2019, https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract'id=3707815 DD AG AND 4 focuses on domestic space law and its enforcement capabilities upon private actors. Disputes and misperceptions create cascading effects towards space weaponization and an arms race—an international framework solves BUT unilateral action causes escalating space warsMallick and Rajagopalan 19 - Law Researcher at the High Court of Delhi from 2016 to 2018 and is currently pursuing LL.M in International Law at The Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy, USA, Distinguished Fellow and Head of the Nuclear and Space Policy Initiative at Observer Research Foundation. She is also the Technical Adviser to the UN Group of Governmental Experts (GGE) on Prevention of Arms Race in Outer Space (PAROS). (Rajeswari Pillai Rajagopalan, Senjuti Mallick, "If Space is ‘the Province of Mankind’, Who Owns its Resources? The Potential of Space Mining and its Legal Implications", ORF Occasional Paper No. 182, January 2019, Observer Research Foundation., https://www.orfonline.org/research/if-space-is-the-province-of-mankind-who-owns-its-resources-47561/) NAR AND instead of earning admiration and exultation, will only be enmeshed in litigation. Space WarsInevitable market expansion guarantees wars over property rights—governments get quickly involvedFunnell 18 – Anthony, Writer for Future Tense News Citing Dean of Law at University of Adelaide, "War in space 'inevitable' because there's so much money to be made, expert warns", ABC News, 8/23/2018, https://www.abc.net.au/news/2018-08-24/conflict-in-space-is-inevitable-expert-warns/10146314 AND for developing that technology. It makes for an exciting time," he said Asteroid mining furthers tensions between the US, China and Russia and escalatesJamasmie 21 Cecilia Jamasmie ~Cecilia has covered mining for more than a decade. She is particularly interested in Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR), Diamonds and Latin America. Cecilia has been interviewed by BBC News and CBC among others and has been a guest speaker at mining conventions, including MINExpo 2016 and the World’s Copper Conference 2018. She is also member of the expert panel on Social License to Operate (SLO) at the European project MIREU (Mining and Metallurgic Regions EU). She holds a Master of Journalism from the University of British Columbia, and is based in Nova Scotia.~, 2-2-2021, "Experts warn of brewing space mining war among US, China and Russia," MINING, https://www.mining.com/experts-warn-of-brewing-space-mining-war-among-us-china-and-russia/ DD AG AND 2020, more than 50 years after the US reached the lunar surface. Space wars go nuclearGrego 18 – Laura, Senior Scientist in the Global Security Program at the Union of Concerned Scientists, Postdoctoral Researcher at the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, PhD in Experimental Physics at the California Institute of Technology, Space and Crisis Stability, Union of Concerned Scientists, 3-19-18, https://www.law.upenn.edu/live/files/7804-grego-space-and-crisis-stabilitypdf AND same value to a given target or same escalatory nature to different weapons. Nuclear war causes extinction.Starr ’17 (Steven; director of the University of Missouri’s Clinical Laboratory Science Program, senior scientist at the Physicians for Social Responsibility, Associate member of the Nuclear Age Peace Foundation, expert in the environmental consequences of nuclear war; 1/9/17; "Turning a Blind Eye Towards Armageddon — U.S. Leaders Reject Nuclear Winter Studies"; https://fas.org/2017/01/turning-a-blind-eye-towards-armageddon-u-s-leaders-reject-nuclear-winter-studies/; Federation of American Scientists; accessed 11/24/18; TV) ~AV~ AND predicted by the 1983 studies and described this as a "nuclear autumn." Advantage – US/RussiaRusso-US relations suck—we’re on the brink of Putin bombing all our space tech to oblivion.Koffler 11-17~Rebekah Koffler is a former Defense Intelligence Agency officer and author of "Putin’s Playbook: Russia’s Secret Plan to Defeat America.", Opinion, 11-17 2021,WSJ,https://www.wsj.com/articles/space-armageddon-and-putins-threats-to-ukraine-russia-antisatellite-weapon-11637183651, 12-15-2021 amrita~ AND better develop a strategy to counter Mr. Putin’s plan for Space Armageddon. American private appropriation of outer space is a core issue that tanks our relations- specifically asteroid mining.Taichman 21 ~Elya Taichman is currently obtaining his J.D. at Temple University Beasley School of Law where he is a Beasley Scholar, a Law and Public Policy Scholar, and a Staff Editor on the Temple Law Review. Elya Taichman is the former Legislative Director for Congresswoman Michelle Lujan Grisham (current Governor of New Mexico). Elya advised the Congresswoman on foreign policy, national security, space, and economic issues., 2021, The Artemis Accords: Employing Space Diplomacy to De-Escalate a National Security Threat and Promote Space Commercialization,https://digitalcommons.wcl.american.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1131andcontext=nslb, 12-15-2021 amrita~ AND capabilities as the United States, its policy would likely be comparable.83 Scenario 1: Rocky relations with Russia on asteroid mining cause China-Russian alliances—a recommitment is needed.Taichman 21 ~Elya Taichman is currently obtaining his J.D. at Temple University Beasley School of Law where he is a Beasley Scholar, a Law and Public Policy Scholar, and a Staff Editor on the Temple Law Review. Elya Taichman is the former Legislative Director for Congresswoman Michelle Lujan Grisham (current Governor of New Mexico). Elya advised the Congresswoman on foreign policy, national security, space, and economic issues., 2021, The Artemis Accords: Employing Space Diplomacy to De-Escalate a National Security Threat and Promote Space Commercialization,https://digitalcommons.wcl.american.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1131andcontext=nslb, 12-15-2021 amrita~ AND Artemis Accords would render Rogozin’s fear of NATO a self-fulfilling prophecy. A strong Sino-Russian alliance sets the stage for the replacement of the ILO and a new hegemonic era.Kevin 3-25 ~Tony Kevin, Russia and China are sending Biden a message: don't judge us or try to change us. Those days are over, 3-25-2021,Conversation,https://theconversation.com/russia-and-china-are-sending-biden-a-message-dont-judge-us-or-try-to-change-us-those-days-are-over-157771, 12-15-2021 amrita~ AND many nations, the smart money might be on Russia and China now. Extinction- stability collapses :/Rebecca Friedman Lissner and Mira Rapp-Hooper 18, *Lissner: a Research Fellow at Perry World House, the University of Pennsylvania’s global policy research center, Rapp-Hooper: a Senior Fellow at the Paul Tsai China Center and Senior Research Scholar at Yale Law School, "The Liberal Order Is More Than a Myth," Foreign Affairs, July 31, 2018, https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/world/2018-07-31/liberal-order-more-myth AND a formidable task to be sure, but this moment demands no less. FramingThe standard is maximizing expected well beingHuman life outweighs under any fw - biological death destroys any hope of ontological improvementPaterson 3 – (Craig Paterson; Department of Philosophy, Providence College; "A Life Not Worth Living?"; 2003) AND the person, the very source and condition of all human possibility.82 | 12/18/21 |
SEPTOCT - US Vaccines ACTournament: Loyola | Round: 2 | Opponent: Bishop AC | Judge: Nathan Russel Loyola Round 2 – ACContention 1: DiseaseWe got lucky with COVID – future pandemics will be much worse and existing provisions in TRIPs are not used —- the status quo can’t solve.Nancy S. Jecker and Caesar A. Atuire 21. *Department of Bioethics and Humanities, University of Washington School of Medicine, Department of Philosophy, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park, Gauteng, South Africa, "What’s yours is ours: waiving intellectual property protections for COVID-19 vaccines," Journal of Medical Ethics, July 6, 2021, https://jme.bmj.com/content/medethics/early/2021/07/06/medethics-2021-107555.full.pdf., RJP, DebateDrills. AND analysis, a temporary waiver of IP protections is the world’s best bet. Developing countries need assistance – it’s time for the U.S. to step up to the plate and do its jobStone 21 – Judy Stone is an Infectious Disease specialist; "Covid Vaccine Equity - Developing Countries Need Our Help"; Forbes, May 11, 2021; https://www.forbes.com/sites/judystone/2021/05/11/vaccine-equitydeveloping-countries-need-our-help/?sh=10939a363ec8 advay AND who are donating supplies while the US has been sitting on the sidelines. It’s not too late—-COVID will continue across the developing worlds for years to come. Plus, the plan helps for black swan future pandemics.Brink Lindsey 21. Vice President, Niskanen Center; Writes for Brookings, "Why Intellectual Property and Pandemics Don’t Mix," Brookings, June 3, 2021, https://www.brookings.edu/blog/up-front/2021/06/03/why-intellectual-property-and-pandemics-dont-mix/, RJP, DebateDrills. AND crisis should be viewed from the perspective of getting ready for next time. A temporary waiver is sufficient—-it creates momentum for America to repeat against harsher future pandemics which spills overNancy S. Jecker and Caesar A. Atuire 21. *Department of Bioethics and Humanities, University of Washington School of Medicine, Department of Philosophy, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park, Gauteng, South Africa, "What’s yours is ours: waiving intellectual property protections for COVID-19 vaccines," Journal of Medical Ethics, July 6, 2021, https://jme.bmj.com/content/medethics/early/2021/07/06/medethics-2021-107555.full.pdf., RJP, DebateDrills. AND contribute to the fill-and-finish stage of vaccine production.28 Future pandemics at 10x more deadly – absent a solution we’re all going to dieCeballos 5/27 Gerardo Ceballos ~PhD, Dr Gerardo Ceballos is an ecologist and conservationist at the Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico. He is particularly recognized for his influential work on global patterns of distribution of diversity, endemism, and extinction risk in vertebrates. He is also well-known for his contribution to understanding the magnitude and impacts of the sixth mass extinction.~, 5/27/21, "THE SIXTH MASS EXTINCTION AND THE FUTURE OF HUMANITY", Population Matters, https://populationmatters.org/news/2021/05/sixth-mass-extinction-and-future-humanity DD AG AND and civilization. What it is at stake is the future of mankind. Contention 2: HegUS primacy is hurt by blocking the vaccinePC 5-3 – Public Citizen is a non-profit, progressive consumer rights advocacy group and think tank based in Washington, D.C., United States) "Don’t Buy Pharma’s Latest Distraction: A Temporary WTO IP Waiver for COVID Meds Would Not Hand "U.S. mRNA Technology" to China," May 3, 2021. https://www.citizen.org/article/dont-buy-pharmas-latest-distraction-a-temporary-wto-ip-waiver-for-covid-meds-would-not-hand-u-s-mrna-technology-to-china/ advay AND a waiver these countries consider necessary for their populations to also obtain vaccines. Western vaccine diplomacy and lack of distribution destroys U.S. heg – the plan flips the script on threats and securitization of vaccines!Borjas 21 – Andres Borjas is a Staff Writer at The Tufts Daily. Andres is a senior studying international relations and can be reached at andres.borjas@tufts.edu; "In response to crises, the US has chosen to weaponize its vaccine policy as a diplomatic tool"; April 7, 2021; https://tuftsdaily.com/opinion/2021/04/07/in-response-to-crises-the-us-has-chosen-to-weaponize-its-vaccine-policy-as-a-diplomatic-tool/ advay AND United States feels safe, the rest of the world will not be. Absent the plan we risk great power war with China – transition to multipolarity is unstable and collapses deterrenceForsyth 19 ~Jim Forsyth currently serves as dean of Air Command and Staff College, Maxwell AFB, Alabama. He earned his PhD from the University of Denver, Josef Korbel School of International Studies. He has written and published extensively on great power war, intervention, and nuclear issues. "Through the Glass—Darker", Strategic Studies Quarterly , Vol. 13, No. 4 (WINTER 2019), pp. 18-36, JSTOR~recut SLC PK AND could be dragged into a conflict involving one or more of their allies. US-China war goes nuclear.~Caitlin Talmadge (10-15-2018), PhD in Political Science from MIT, BA in Government from Harvard, Professor of Security Studies at Georgetown University, "Beijing’s Nuclear Option," Foreign Affairs, https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/china/2018-10-15/beijings-nuclear-option~~//recut SLC PK AND and military tensions that might lead to a conflict in the first place. Extinction – nuclear winter, crude oil amplifies, smoke covers the worldSnydera and Ruyle 17 (Brian F.Snydera and Leslie E. Ruyle, 12-15-2017, ~Brian F. Snyder. Department of Environmental Science, Louisiana State University, United States. Leslie E. Ruyle. Center on Conflict and Development, Texas AandM University, United States~"The abolition of war as a goal of environmental policy," No Publication, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0048969717316431?via3Dihub)//SLC PK AND in Asia are typically around 0.3 to 1 mg/m3 . SolvencyThe patent system for pandemic-related drugs is currently out of balance—-there’s spurious over-patenting under the guise of innovation, which paradoxically hurts innovation by juicing profits. A temporary waiver in the U.S. for pandemics rebalance the system.Brink Lindsey 21. Vice President, Niskanen Center; Writes for Brookings, "Why Intellectual Property and Pandemics Don’t Mix," Brookings, June 3, 2021, https://www.brookings.edu/blog/up-front/2021/06/03/why-intellectual-property-and-pandemics-dont-mix/, RJP, DebateDrills. AND RandD, prizes for targeted inventions, and direct government support. The plan seamlessly shifts to a direct support model during pandemics, which allows pharma companies to profit and innovate while speeding up the process—-that solves but avoids the innovation DA.Brink Lindsey 21. Vice President, Niskanen Center; Writes for Brookings, "Why Intellectual Property and Pandemics Don’t Mix," Brookings, June 3, 2021, https://www.brookings.edu/blog/up-front/2021/06/03/why-intellectual-property-and-pandemics-dont-mix/, RJP, DebateDrills. AND , predetermined quantities at prices set high enough to guarantee a healthy return. Thus the plan: The United States of America ought to reduce intellectual property protections for the COVID-19 vaccine. The plan’s implemented through a TRIPS waiver for the U.S.— that’s Moderna, Pfizer-BioNTech, Johnson and Johnson/Janssen The plan bolsters the number of vaccines—-arguments about supply and logistics are empirically disproven.Nancy S. Jecker and Caesar A. Atuire 21. *Department of Bioethics and Humanities, University of Washington School of Medicine, Department of Philosophy, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park, Gauteng, South Africa, "What’s yours is ours: waiving intellectual property protections for COVID-19 vaccines," Journal of Medical Ethics, July 6, 2021, https://jme.bmj.com/content/medethics/early/2021/07/06/medethics-2021-107555.full.pdf., RJP, DebateDrills. AND will be African—continue to import 99 of its vaccine?’18 Put your critiques away – the plan solves global vaccine shortages that are killing BIPOC the mostPublic Citizen 21 – Public Citizen is a nonprofit consumer advocacy organization that champions the public interest in the halls of power. We defend democracy, resist corporate power and work to ensure that government works for the people – not for big corporations. Founded in 1971, we now have 500,000 members and supporters throughout the country; "Waiver of WTO Protections for Big Pharma Will Help U.S. Economic Recovery and Boost U.S. Employment"; APRIL 12, 2021; https://www.citizen.org/article/waiver-of-wto-protections-for-big-pharma-will-help-u-s-economic-recovery-and-boost-u-s-employment/ advay AND to the COVID-19 vaccines and treatments that can now protect Americans. FramingThe standard is maximizing expected wellbeing.Prefer it:1~ Actor specificity:A~ Aggregation – every policy benefits some and harms others, which also means side constraints freeze action.B~ No act-omission distinction – choosing to omit is an act itself – governments decide not to act which means being presented with the aff creates a choice between two actions, neither of which is an omissionC~ No intent-foresight distinction – If we foresee a consequence, then it becomes part of our deliberation which makes it intrinsic to our action since we intend it to happen2~ Lexical pre-requisite: threats to bodily security preclude the ability for moral actors to effectively act upon other moral theories since they are in a constant state of crisis that inhibits the ideal moral conditions which other theories presuppose. | 9/4/21 |
SEPTOCT - US Vaccines AC v2Tournament: Jack Howe | Round: 2 | Opponent: Canyon Crest ED | Judge: Boelkens, Brett Contention 1: DiseaseWe got lucky with COVID – future pandemics will be much worse and existing provisions in TRIPs are not used —- the status quo can’t solve.Nancy S. Jecker and Caesar A. Atuire 21. *Department of Bioethics and Humanities, University of Washington School of Medicine, Department of Philosophy, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park, Gauteng, South Africa, "What’s yours is ours: waiving intellectual property protections for COVID-19 vaccines," Journal of Medical Ethics, July 6, 2021, https://jme.bmj.com/content/medethics/early/2021/07/06/medethics-2021-107555.full.pdf., RJP, DebateDrills. AND analysis, a temporary waiver of IP protections is the world’s best bet. Developing countries need assistance – it’s time for the U.S. to step up to the plate and do its jobStone 21 – Judy Stone is an Infectious Disease specialist; "Covid Vaccine Equity - Developing Countries Need Our Help"; Forbes, May 11, 2021; https://www.forbes.com/sites/judystone/2021/05/11/vaccine-equitydeveloping-countries-need-our-help/?sh=10939a363ec8 advay AND who are donating supplies while the US has been sitting on the sidelines. It’s not too late—-COVID will continue across the developing worlds for years to come. Plus, the plan helps for black swan future pandemics.Brink Lindsey 21. Vice President, Niskanen Center; Writes for Brookings, "Why Intellectual Property and Pandemics Don’t Mix," Brookings, June 3, 2021, https://www.brookings.edu/blog/up-front/2021/06/03/why-intellectual-property-and-pandemics-dont-mix/, RJP, DebateDrills. AND crisis should be viewed from the perspective of getting ready for next time. A temporary waiver is sufficient—-it creates momentum for America to repeat against harsher future pandemics which spills overNancy S. Jecker and Caesar A. Atuire 21. *Department of Bioethics and Humanities, University of Washington School of Medicine, Department of Philosophy, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park, Gauteng, South Africa, "What’s yours is ours: waiving intellectual property protections for COVID-19 vaccines," Journal of Medical Ethics, July 6, 2021, https://jme.bmj.com/content/medethics/early/2021/07/06/medethics-2021-107555.full.pdf., RJP, DebateDrills. AND contribute to the fill-and-finish stage of vaccine production.28 Future pandemics at 10x more deadly – absent a solution we’re all going to dieCeballos 5/27 Gerardo Ceballos ~PhD, Dr Gerardo Ceballos is an ecologist and conservationist at the Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico. He is particularly recognized for his influential work on global patterns of distribution of diversity, endemism, and extinction risk in vertebrates. He is also well-known for his contribution to understanding the magnitude and impacts of the sixth mass extinction.~, 5/27/21, "THE SIXTH MASS EXTINCTION AND THE FUTURE OF HUMANITY", Population Matters, https://populationmatters.org/news/2021/05/sixth-mass-extinction-and-future-humanity DD AG AND and civilization. What it is at stake is the future of mankind. Contention 2: WTO CredibilityThe new head of the WTO is on track to push for reform and an increased role in the international arena, but is hindered now due to lack of vaccine agreement by nations that will never agreeBaschuk 4-27 – Bryce Baschuk is a Bloomberg Reporter; "WTO Chief Pursues a ‘Hectic’ Agenda to Fix World Trade’s Referee"; Bloomberg, April 27, 2021; https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2021-04-27/wto-chief-pursues-a-hectic-agenda-to-fix-world-trade-s-referee advay AND have some capacity to begin producing vaccines for people living in developing economies. A U.S. patent waiver through WTO mechanism is necessary to revitalize WTO’s credibility, create momentum for further reform, and solve stalemates in current talksMeyer 6-18-21 – David Meyer is the Editor of CEO Daily and a senior writer on Fortune’s European team. Author of the digital rights primer, Control Shift: How Technology Affects You and Your Rights; "The WTO’s survival hinges on the COVID-19 vaccine patent debate, waiver advocates warn"; Fortune, June 18, 2021. https://fortune.com/2021/06/18/wto-covid-vaccines-patents-waiver-south-africa-trips/ advay AND impact not in starting discussions but in getting deals over the finish line." Post Covid WTO legitimacy and credibility are necessary to prevent a downward spiral of protectionism – U.S. action ensures best implementationSolís 20 – Mireya Solís is director of the Center for East Asia Policy Studies, Philip Knight Chair in Japan Studies, and a senior fellow in the Foreign Policy program at Brookings; "The post COVID-19 world: Economic nationalism triumphant?"; July 10, 2020; https://www.brookings.edu/blog/order-from-chaos/2020/07/10/the-post-covid-19-world-economic-nationalism-triumphant/ advay AND in the current crisis, Japan has much to contribute to these efforts. Trade solves great power competition – mere perceptual regionalism causes militarized crisesLake 18 – David Lake is a Professor of Social Sciences and Distinguished Professor of Political Science at the University of California, San Diego; "Economic Openness and Great Power Competition: Lessons for China and the United States"; April 30, 2018; https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract'id=3171196/ advay AND politics and grand strategy,14 and systemic theories of international relations.15 Independently, WTO cred solves nuclear war – allows an off-track for nuclear weaponsHamann 09 – Georgia Hamann is a J.D. Candidate, Vanderbilt University Law School, "Replacing Slingshots with Swords: Implications of the Antigua-Gambling 22.6 Panel Report for Developing Countries and the World Trading System"; 2009; advay AND keenly aware of the responsibility they have to uphold the organization's credibility. 108 SolvencyThe patent system for pandemic-related drugs is currently out of balance—-there’s spurious over-patenting under the guise of innovation, which paradoxically hurts innovation by juicing profits. A temporary waiver in the U.S. for pandemics rebalance the system.Brink Lindsey 21. Vice President, Niskanen Center; Writes for Brookings, "Why Intellectual Property and Pandemics Don’t Mix," Brookings, June 3, 2021, https://www.brookings.edu/blog/up-front/2021/06/03/why-intellectual-property-and-pandemics-dont-mix/, RJP, DebateDrills. AND RandD, prizes for targeted inventions, and direct government support. The plan seamlessly shifts to a direct support model during pandemics, which allows pharma companies to profit and innovate while speeding up the process—-that solves but avoids the innovation DA.Brink Lindsey 21. Vice President, Niskanen Center; Writes for Brookings, "Why Intellectual Property and Pandemics Don’t Mix," Brookings, June 3, 2021, https://www.brookings.edu/blog/up-front/2021/06/03/why-intellectual-property-and-pandemics-dont-mix/, RJP, DebateDrills. AND , predetermined quantities at prices set high enough to guarantee a healthy return. Thus the plan: The United States of America ought to reduce intellectual property protections for the COVID-19 vaccine. The plan’s implemented through a TRIPS waiver for the U.S.— that’s Moderna, Pfizer-BioNTech, Johnson and Johnson/Janssen The plan bolsters the number of vaccines—-arguments about supply and logistics are empirically disproven.Nancy S. Jecker and Caesar A. Atuire 21. *Department of Bioethics and Humanities, University of Washington School of Medicine, Department of Philosophy, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park, Gauteng, South Africa, "What’s yours is ours: waiving intellectual property protections for COVID-19 vaccines," Journal of Medical Ethics, July 6, 2021, https://jme.bmj.com/content/medethics/early/2021/07/06/medethics-2021-107555.full.pdf., RJP, DebateDrills. AND will be African—continue to import 99 of its vaccine?’18 Put your critiques away – the plan solves global vaccine shortages that are killing BIPOC the mostPublic Citizen 21 – Public Citizen is a nonprofit consumer advocacy organization that champions the public interest in the halls of power. We defend democracy, resist corporate power and work to ensure that government works for the people – not for big corporations. Founded in 1971, we now have 500,000 members and supporters throughout the country; "Waiver of WTO Protections for Big Pharma Will Help U.S. Economic Recovery and Boost U.S. Employment"; APRIL 12, 2021; https://www.citizen.org/article/waiver-of-wto-protections-for-big-pharma-will-help-u-s-economic-recovery-and-boost-u-s-employment/ advay AND to the COVID-19 vaccines and treatments that can now protect Americans. FramingThe standard is maximizing expected wellbeing.Prefer it:1~ Actor specificity:A~ Aggregation – every policy benefits some and harms others, which also means side constraints freeze action.B~ No act-omission distinction – choosing to omit is an act itself – governments decide not to act which means being presented with the aff creates a choice between two actions, neither of which is an omissionC~ No intent-foresight distinction – If we foresee a consequence, then it becomes part of our deliberation which makes it intrinsic to our action since we intend it to happen2~ Lexical pre-requisite: threats to bodily security preclude the ability for moral actors to effectively act upon other moral theories since they are in a constant state of crisis that inhibits the ideal moral conditions which other theories presupposeUnderview1AR theory – a) AFF gets it because otherwise the neg can engage in infinite abuse, making debate impossible, b) reject the debater – the 1AR is too short for theory and substance so ballot implications are key to check abuse, c) no RVIs – they can stick me with 6min of answers to a short arg and make the 2AR impossible, d) competing interps – 1AR interps aren’t bidirectional and the neg should have to defend their norm since they have more time | 9/18/21 |
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