Plano East Walia Neg
| Tournament | Round | Opponent | Judge | Cites | Round Report | Open Source | Edit/Delete |
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| Contact Info | 4 | you | lolz |
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| Grapevine | 1 | McNeil AR | Favian Sun |
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| Grapevine | 4 | Karan Shah | Dylan Jones |
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| Greenhill | 1 | Cabot JB | Nick Flemming |
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| Greenhill | 4 | Immaculate Heart JL | Andrew Gong |
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| Greenhill | 6 | Sage MP | David Dosch |
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| Greenhill | Octas | Northland Christian LB | Tarun, Serena, Truman |
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| Greenhill | Quarters | Lexington BF | Annie, Jp, Javier |
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| Longhorn Classic | 1 | Parker Traxler | Javier Navarrete |
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| Longhorn Classic | 4 | Sindhya | Brett Cryan |
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| Longhorn Classic | 5 | Westwood AP | Isaac Chao |
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| Loyola | 2 | Harvard Westlake OF | Richard Li |
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| Loyola | 4 | Yerba Buena KN | Chris Castillo |
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| Loyola | 5 | Adam Mimou | Valorie Lam |
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| Loyola | Octas | Tommy Yu | panel |
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| Peninsula | 2 | Harvard Westlake KD | Ericka Liason |
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| Sunvite | 1 | Herritage EM | Grant Brown |
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| Sunvite | 3 | Arjun Verma | Sierro Romero |
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| Sunvite | Octas | LHP AB | jacob palmer, tj maher, sierra romero |
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| Sunvite | 6 | Durham RL | Josh Gavsie |
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| TFA State | 1 | Clear Lake MK | Jacob Koshak |
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| TFA State | 4 | Strake DL | Ishan Rereddy |
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| Tournament of Champions | 2 | Strake Jesuit VM | Grant Brown |
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| Tournament of Champions | 2 | Strake Jesuit VM | Grant Brown |
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| Valley RR | 1 | Sequioa AS | Jayanne, Eric |
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| navigation | 1 | nav | igation |
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| Tournament | Round | Report |
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| Grapevine | 1 | Opponent: McNeil AR | Judge: Favian Sun 1AC structural violence |
| Grapevine | 4 | Opponent: Karan Shah | Judge: Dylan Jones 1AC Kant larp |
| Greenhill | 1 | Opponent: Cabot JB | Judge: Nick Flemming 1AC Covid |
| Greenhill | 4 | Opponent: Immaculate Heart JL | Judge: Andrew Gong 1AC Crispr |
| Greenhill | 6 | Opponent: Sage MP | Judge: David Dosch 1AC Weed |
| Greenhill | Octas | Opponent: Northland Christian LB | Judge: Tarun, Serena, Truman 1AC Covid |
| Greenhill | Quarters | Opponent: Lexington BF | Judge: Annie, Jp, Javier 1AC Covid |
| Longhorn Classic | 1 | Opponent: Parker Traxler | Judge: Javier Navarrete 1AC Kant |
| Longhorn Classic | 4 | Opponent: Sindhya | Judge: Brett Cryan 1AC - women |
| Longhorn Classic | 5 | Opponent: Westwood AP | Judge: Isaac Chao 1AC Egypt |
| Loyola | 2 | Opponent: Harvard Westlake OF | Judge: Richard Li 1AC Hwl aff |
| Loyola | 4 | Opponent: Yerba Buena KN | Judge: Chris Castillo 1AC Soft left |
| Loyola | 5 | Opponent: Adam Mimou | Judge: Valorie Lam 1AC evergreening |
| Loyola | Octas | Opponent: Tommy Yu | Judge: panel 1AC tricks |
| Peninsula | 2 | Opponent: Harvard Westlake KD | Judge: Ericka Liason 1AC Cap |
| Sunvite | 1 | Opponent: Herritage EM | Judge: Grant Brown 1AC - Baudy aff |
| Sunvite | 3 | Opponent: Arjun Verma | Judge: Sierro Romero 1AC Cap aff |
| Sunvite | Octas | Opponent: LHP AB | Judge: jacob palmer, tj maher, sierra romero 1AC Cap |
| Sunvite | 6 | Opponent: Durham RL | Judge: Josh Gavsie 1AC US |
| TFA State | 1 | Opponent: Clear Lake MK | Judge: Jacob Koshak 1AC LevinasTransness |
| TFA State | 4 | Opponent: Strake DL | Judge: Ishan Rereddy 1AC kant poland |
| Tournament of Champions | 2 | Opponent: Strake Jesuit VM | Judge: Grant Brown 1AC Kant |
| Tournament of Champions | 2 | Opponent: Strake Jesuit VM | Judge: Grant Brown 1AC Kant |
| Valley RR | 1 | Opponent: Sequioa AS | Judge: Jayanne, Eric 1AC Jordon |
| navigation | 1 | Opponent: nav | Judge: igation navigation |
To modify or delete round reports, edit the associated round.
Cites
| Entry | Date |
|---|---|
0 - NavigationTournament: navigation | Round: 1 | Opponent: nav | Judge: igation | 12/5/21 |
0 -- Contact InfoTournament: Contact Info | Round: 4 | Opponent: you | Judge: lolz Phone: 4699961855 | 9/4/21 |
JF - CP - DebrisTournament: Sunvite | Round: 6 | Opponent: Durham RL | Judge: Josh Gavsie Text: States should establish a multilateral agreement to UtilizeDecommissioning Devices on all future objects launched into spaceIon Beams to deorbit DebrisElectro-Dynamic Propulsion Systems for Space Debris RemovalSolves Future DebrisPelton 15 Pelton, Joseph N. (2015). ~SpringerBriefs in Space Development~ New Solutions for the Space Debris Problem || . , 10.1007/978-3-319-17151-7(), –. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-17151-7 (Joseph N. Pelton received his Ph. D. from Georgetown University, his Masters from New York University and his BA from the University of Tulsa. Pelton is the award winning author or editor of over 40 books and over 300 articles in the field of space systems. These include the five book series: MegaCrunch, e-Sphere, Future Talk, Future View, and Global Talk, the latter of which he was nominated for a Pulitzer Prize. He served as Chairman of the Board (1992-95) and Vice President of Academic Programs and Dean (1995-96) of the International Space University of Strasbourg, France. He is currently a member of the ISU faculty and editor of the ISU book series.) Aadit AND well fi nd ionthrusters optimum in terms of imposing the minimum mass penalty. Solves existing DebrisPelton 15 Pelton, Joseph N. (2015). ~SpringerBriefs in Space Development~ New Solutions for the Space Debris Problem || . , 10.1007/978-3-319-17151-7(), –. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-17151-7 (Joseph N. Pelton received his Ph. D. from Georgetown University, his Masters from New York University and his BA from the University of Tulsa. Pelton is the award winning author or editor of over 40 books and over 300 articles in the field of space systems. These include the five book series: MegaCrunch, e-Sphere, Future Talk, Future View, and Global Talk, the latter of which he was nominated for a Pulitzer Prize. He served as Chairman of the Board (1992-95) and Vice President of Academic Programs and Dean (1995-96) of the International Space University of Strasbourg, France. He is currently a member of the ISU faculty and editor of the ISU book series.) Aadit AND the laser or particle beam ionic stream for the de-orbit operation. | 1/9/22 |
JF - CP - Global Con ConTournament: Sunvite | Round: 3 | Opponent: Arjun Verma | Judge: Sierro Romero States ought to call a global constitutional convention and establish a constitution reflecting intergenerational concern with exclusive authority to ban appropriation of outer space by private entities and bind participating bodies to its resultThat solves the aff – it addresses shared anxieties while building political consensusGardiner 14 1 ~Stephen M. Gardiner, Professor of Philosophy and Ben Rabinowitz Endowed Professor of Human Dimensions of the Environment at the University of Washington, Seattle, "A Call for a Global Constitutional Convention Focused on Future Generations," 2014, Ethics and International Affairs, Vol. 28, Issue 3, pp. 299-315, https://doi.org/10.1017/S0892679414000379, EA~ AND do better, would be a central issue for discussion by the convention. It spills over to foster broader intergenerational representation, but independence is keyGardiner 14 2 ~Stephen M. Gardiner, Professor of Philosophy and Ben Rabinowitz Endowed Professor of Human Dimensions of the Environment at the University of Washington, Seattle, "A Call for a Global Constitutional Convention Focused on Future Generations," 2014, Ethics and International Affairs, Vol. 28, Issue 3, pp. 299-315, https://doi.org/10.1017/S0892679414000379, EA~ AND waste) but also the need to identify similar threats before they arise. Proactive measures mitigate a laundry list of emerging catastrophic risks – extinctionBeckstead et al. 14 ~Nick Beckstead, Nick Bostrom, Niel Bowerman, Owen Cotton-Barratt, William MacAskill, Seán Ó hÉigeartaigh, Toby Ord, * Future of Humanity Institute, University of Oxford, Director, Future of Humanity Institute, University of Oxford, * Global Priorities Project, Centre for Effective Altruism; Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Global Priorities Project, Centre for Effective Altruism; Future of Humanity Institute, University of Oxford, * Uehiro Centre for Practical Ethics, University of Oxford, Cambridge Centre for the Study of Existential Risk; Future of Humanity Institute, University of Oxford, * Programme on the Impacts of Future Technology, Oxford Martin School, University of Oxford, "Policy Brief: Unprecedented Technological Risks," 2014, The Global Priorities Project, The Future of Humanity Institute, The Oxford Martin Programme on the Impacts of Future Technology, and The Centre for the Study of Existential Risk, https://www.fhi.ox.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/Unprecedented-Technological-Risks.pdf, Accessed: 03/13/21, EA~ AND in the near future, even if no such breakthroughs currently appear imminent. Maintaining sustainable use of outer space is key to future generationsIslam 18 ~Mohammad Saiful Islam, Mohammad works for the Institute of Advanced Judicial Studies and the Beijing Institute of Technology. 4-27-2018, "The Sustainable Use of Outer Space: Complications and Legal Challenges to the Peaceful Uses and Benefit of Humankind," Beijing Law Review, https://www.scirp.org/journal/paperinformation.aspx?paperid=85201 accessed 12/12/21~ Adam AND over-exploitation of resources and environmental havoc (Fountain, 2002) . Normal means has the plan implemented through the Committee on the Peaceful use of Outer Space.Halstead 10—(B.S., Psychology, The University of Alabama; J.D., The University of Alabama School of Law; LL.M., Institute of Air and Space Law, McGill University; Lieutenant Colonel, U.S. Air Force Judge Advocate General's Corps). C. Brandon Halstead. 2010. "Prometheus Unbound - Proposal for a New Legal Paradigm for Air Law and Space Law: Orbit Law," Journal of Space Law 36, no. 1, 143-206 AND , including the establishment of a frontier between outer space and atmospheric space18. | 1/8/22 |
JF - CP - RegulationsTournament: Tournament of Champions | Round: 2 | Opponent: Strake Jesuit VM | Judge: Grant Brown Counterplan text: The Committee on the Peaceful use of Outer Space ought to establish an application system for property rights on celestial bodies. Applications and approval of property rights should be granted upon the condition ofopen disclosure of data gathered in the exploration of a celestial bodyApplications must be publicly announcedProperty Rights will be made tradeable between private entitiesProperty Rights will be set to expire on the conclusion of a successful extraction missionPrivate Entities will only be allowed one property right grant per celestial body and cannot have more than one grant at a timeSteffen 21 ~Olaf Steffen, Olaf is a scientist at the Institute of Composite Structures and Adaptive Sytems at the German Aerospace Center. 12-2-2021, "Explore to Exploit: A Data-Centred Approach to Space Mining Regulation," Institute of Composite Structures and Adaptive Systems, German Aerospace Center, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0265964621000515 accessed 12/12/21~ Adam AND of some governing body in states to necessitate other peoples rights | 4/23/22 |
JF - CP - ResourcesTournament: Sunvite | Round: 3 | Opponent: Arjun Verma | Judge: Sierro Romero The appropriation of resources by private entities should be bannedThe first aff card is our solvency advocate – says we need private companies to stop apporirpriating asteroids for resources | 1/8/22 |
JF - CP - UN FundingTournament: Sunvite | Round: Octas | Opponent: LHP AB | Judge: jacob palmer, tj maher, sierra romero Text: Revenue from private appropriation of outer space should be taxed under a corporate tax scheme and ought to be used to fund sustainable development initiatives at the United Nations for the benefit of people on EarthIt competes – it explicitly keeps private appropriation – anything else is severance which is a voter for predictability, and it can't solve the NB because the UN needs reliable and consistent fundinTaxing Private space companies allows for viable long-term funding for the UNIllopoulos and Esteban 20 Iliopoulos, Nikolaos; Esteban, Miguel (2020). Sustainable space exploration and its relevance to the privatization of space ventures. Acta Astronautica, 167(), 85–92. doi:10.1016/j.actaastro.2019.09.037 (Graduate Program in Sustainability Science– Global Leadership Initiative, The University of Tokyo, Building of Environmental Studies, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa City, Chiba 277-8563 Japan. Miguel Esteban has published 41 articles on ScienceDirect) Aadit4. International space law Francis Lyall and Paul B. Larsen ~84~ assert that the concept of space law has been a subject of debate since as early as 1926. According to these authors the very scope of space law was initially ill-defined, was limited to dealing with the practical problems of venturing towards outer space, and could technically be applied to everything from commercial contracts to more general issues such as a state's behavior in space ~84~. An important precedent for the development of international space law was the 1959 Antarctic Treaty which sets aside Antarctica as a scientific preserve, establishes freedom of scientific investigation and bans all military activities on the continent ~85~. These objectives were exactly what the world leaders were concerned about during the era of the space race and were interested in accomplishing through an international agreement governing space activities. This became evident when the launch of the Soviet Union's Sputnik 1 on October 4, 1957 and Sputnik 2 on November 5th acted as a catalyst for the establishment of NASA by the U.S congress ~86~. President Eisenhower proposed to use the principles of the Antarctic Treaty as a stepping stone in order to design an independent agency that regulates all space activities within the United States ~87~. The United Nations then established the UN Office of Outer Space Affairs (UNOOSA) to promote international cooperation in space ~88~, and founded COPUOS in 1959 to oversee future treaties and agreements and generally ensure the peaceful use of outer space. At present, five international treaties and a number of other agreements have laid the framework of space law under the jurisdiction of COPUOS ~89~. These five major treaties have been designed to produce some semblance of order by taking into account the different legal systems, values, interests and debates of the parties involved in space activities ~90~: 1. The 1967 Treaty on Principles Governing the Activities of States in the Exploration and Use of Outer Space, including the Moon and Other Celestial Bodies (Outer Space Treaty or "OST") 2. The 1968 Agreement on the Rescue of Astronauts, the Return of Astronauts and the Return of Objects Launched into Outer Space (Rescue Agreement) 3. The 1972 Convention on International Liability for Damage Caused by Space Objects (Liability Convention) 4. The 1976 Convention on Registration of Objects Launched into Outer Space (Registration Convention) 5. The 1979 Agreement Governing the Activities of States on the Moon and Other Celestial Bodies (Moon Treaty). The Outer Space Treaty (OST), which forms the basis of international space law entered force on October 1967 and was signed by 104 nations across the globe. Article I of the OST provides that "exploration and use of outer space, including the Moon and other celestial bodies, shall be carried out for the benefit and in the interest of all mankind alike" ~91~. However, at the time of the Treaty's adoption two states held a monopoly on space activities, namely the United States and the former Soviet Union ~92~. Thus, the true source of interest for the rest of the nations to sign such a treaty stemmed from the fear that the two space powers would exploit outer space to gain a decisive advantage over other nations ~93~. Additionally, some parties to the treaty, particularly the old Soviet Union, wanted space activities to be the sole preserve of governments. However, after several negotiations with the United States a compromise was achieved in article VI of the treaty that "Paved the way for the private sector to conduct space activities side by side with the government and the intergovernmental organizations" ~1~. The treaties following the OST extended it to reflect the pace of technological evolution and applied its generalities to particular situations. Particularly, the Rescue Agreement (1968) requires that any state party of the convention that becomes aware that the personnel of a spacecraft are in distress must notify the launching authority and the Secretary General of the United Nations ~94~. The Liability Convention (1972) ~95~ defined terms such as "damage", "launching" and "space object" among others, and highlights who will be responsible for the damage caused by the launching of objects into outer space (a treaty that was widely accepted by states that were not capable of space flight). The Registration Convention (1976) stated that all objects launched into earth orbit or beyond must be recorded by an appropriate space authority ~96~. Another important piece of legislation was the Moon treaty, which does not only apply to the Earth's satellite but to all celestial bodies in the solar system and which entered into force in 1984 ~97~. The principle behind this treaty is centered around the idea that the resources or territories that are outside the boundaries of Earth are the common heritage of mankind and as such their exploitation would have to be governed by the international community. Due to its severe stance against the ownership of property in space it has been referred to as the "arch-enemy of space exploration" ~98~ and is considered a failure, as of 2019 it has not been ratified by any state that engages in self-launched manned space exploration missions or has future plans to do so (i.e. the United States, European Space Agency, Russia, People's Republic of China, Japan and India) ~99~. Nevertheless, this document remains important as it is the only treaty that contemplates at all the issue of ownership of property in space. Despite the existence of the aforementioned international legislation, as with all international laws the actual efficacy of these treaties is debatable as nations often ignore their precepts or disagree on the N. Iliopoulos and M. Esteban Acta Astronautica 167 (2020) 85–92 89 meaning of their substance ~84~. In the specific context of international space law, the legal debate over the regulations regarding private property in space is indeed intricate. Although the OST sets out a number of general principles to be expanded upon, it did not mention specifically any guidance with respect to the ownership of extraterrestrial property. Even when the OST strictly mentions that no member of the treaty shall own celestial bodies, it does not mention anything about private entities per se. According to Stephen Gorove's comment in 1969, "The Outer Space Treaty in its present form appears to contain no prohibition regarding individual appropriation or acquisition by a private association or an international organization" ~100~. Further, the very existence of the Moon Treaty indicates that its predecessor, the Outer Space Treaty, did not outlaw private ownership of extra-terrestrial bodies, for if it did there would be no need to ratify the Moon treaty in the first place. Thus, it can be noted that currently the Outer Space Treaty does not explicitly prohibit private property in space. Despite such evidence, the international community is still puzzled by the concept of private ownership in space as many governmental and non-governmental agencies maintain that the Outer Space Treaty specifically states that appropriation of space property is not permitted ~101~, on the grounds that the private sector is an extension of the state that they represent and as such private ownership in the realm of outer space is prohibited ~102~. Others assess that this ambiguity constitutes a "loophole" that allows the private sector to utilize the resources of outer space freely and for personal benefit ~100~. Furthermore, the increasing number of claims and attempts to sell, buy or even keep extraterrestrial properties illustrate the problem of ambiguity regarding ownership of property in space ~103~. The legal premise of the Eros Project is a fine example of this, portraying the complexity of the matter ~104~. Gregory Nemitz claimed ownership of a near Earth asteroid called 433 Eros on the Archimedes Institute's Private Property Rights Registry in 2000. Eleven months after the incident, NASA permanently parked the NEAR shoe-maker probe on the asteroid on February 12, 2001 ~105~. Mr Nemitz, being aware that the probe had no way of removing itself from the asteroid by utilizing its own propulsion system, charged NASA twenty dollars as a fee for parking the probe on his property. NASA, as was expected, refused to pay the fees by claiming that such a request has no foundation in law. Another similar example portraying the complexity of the issue involves the Apollo astronauts. When the mission's crew brought moon rocks back to Earth NASA declared them to be property of the U.S government. Ever since their landing, the international community has acquiesced to the United States claim of ownership over rocks harvested from the Moon ~63~. In light of such ambiguity and the fact that regulatory certainty is a vital component for the success of non-traditional space ventures, the United States' Senate Commerce, Science, and Transportation space subcommittee held a number of hearings in an attempt to identify which legislative alterations could foster growth in the commercial space industry ~106,107~. The results indicated that although there was consensus regarding the general preservation of the 50-year old OST, there was indeed a need for "light hand" adjustments ~106~. The hearings culminated in the establishment of Spurring Private Aerospace Competitiveness and Entrepreneurship (SPACE) Act of 2015, which among other legislative changes, allowed US citizens to: "engage in commercial exploration for and commercial recovery of space resources (including water and minerals, but excluding biological life)" ~108~. Although this act reiterates that the United States has no sovereignty over objects in space, it has ignited a heated controversy amongst scholars with respect to whether the law truly conforms to international space law, specifically the OST. The U.S House Committee on Science, Space and Technology denies such allegations on the ground that the right to extract natural resources from extraterrestrial bodies is: "Affirmed by the State practice and by the U.S State Department in Congressional testimony and written correspondence" ~109~. Further, Frans von der Dunk, a law professor at the University of Nebraska, claims that although the Act does not explicitly violate any laws, it as of yet unclear whether private efforts towards space mining are legal ~110~. On the other side of the spectrum, Fabio Tronchetti, a professor at the Harbin Institute of Technology, argues that the SPACE Act constitutes an unlawful act of sovereignty, as it violates the provisions in OST which prohibit the ownership of extraterrestrial property ~111~. It thus seem that a "light" revision of the current international space law with respect to private property rights in space is necessary to stimulate growth in the private space industry and encourage private entities to take on the risks involved with the development of space technologies ~112~. Essentially, the endorsement of a given law is often contingent on its ability to set coherent goals and requisite targets. As stated by Lyall and Larsen, who use the Law of the Sea as an informative analogy, "the practice ~of a law~ need not be wholly uniform, but must be undertaken in the belief that it is binding and required by law as opposed to being merely convenient or mutually beneficial" ~84~. Particularly, the international community could utilize one of the existing laws (i.e. OST or Moon Treaty) as a steppingstone towards explicitly recognizing the extra-terrestrial property claims of corporations that meet certain specified conditions, thus paving the way for a sustainable privatization of outer space. However, questions would nevertheless arise as to which country should these corporations be paying tax to, given that their extraterrestrial activities take place in an environment of ambiguous geopolitical boundaries. To that end the authors would like to venture the possibility of establishing a platform which enables such commercial entities to forward wholly or partially their corporate tax to the United Nations directly. This would ensure that the profits of such ventures could clearly be channeled to the sustainable development of mankind on planet Earth, and provide a viable long-term source of funding to the U.N. 5. Concluding remarks Although the concept of the "Earth's environment" is one with which most people feel some affinity, many would find it rather difficult to identify with an unfamiliar topic such as "space environment", let alone its sustainable development. Additionally, given the confusion within the scientific community surrounding the term "space sustainability", to say that sustainable space exploration is not well understood would be an understatement. Sustainability in the context of space exploration is at the bare minimum understood as an activity of contentious importance that depending on the author, limits the risk of human extinction, minimizes space pollution or environmental degradation in space (such as space debris) and/or increases the welfare of humanity on Earth (by technological advancements in fields such as medicine or environmental management). However, regardless of its perceived importance, the budget of individual space actors (both public and private) is severely constrained and as such tend to focus only on what is strictly necessary to remain operational (such as abiding by technical specifications, government policy and other strictly defined requirements). Therefore, if sustainability is not quickly identified as a requirement it is more likely than not that it will not be provided for. Thus, a coordinated effort to develop a strategy to ensure the sustainability of space exploration activities is required, and the first step towards achieving that goal would be to make space relevant to problems on Earth in a way that it can be understood by the general public. Moreover, a phenomenon that can significantly affect the financial sustainability of space exploration (which can, as explained earlier, affect the long-term sustainability of the human race on Earth) is the issue of privatization of space which is itself dependent on current N. Iliopoulos and M. Esteban Acta Astronautica 167 (2020) 85–92 90 international space laws. As of today, space treaties and agreements strive to address a variety of matters, such as the preservation of space and Earth's environment, liability for damages caused by space objects, the settlement of disputes, the use of space-related technologies and international cooperation. However, despite the attempt of the United Nations and the international community to reach a mutual agreement on the controversial domain of property ownership, the treaties remain a potential disincentive to the economic utilization of space and find the major spacefaring countries in disagreement. The envisioned legal regime to encourage private firms to undertake the high risk and high cost involved in activities of space exploration would have to explicitly recognize extra-terrestrial property claims of individuals and corporations that meet specified conditions. As such, based on the conclusions made through this paper, it is considered that with the right negotiation terms, the current treaties can be revised so as to become steppingstones for the advancement of space exploration that could potentially bring forth significant changes to the environment surrounding planet Earth. Finally, one way that such privatization efforts could be seen to benefit of mankind as a whole is that any taxation resulting from it should be paid directly to the United Nations, or that at least some fraction of the profits should fund this organization. US Funding is key to UN functionality – constant shifts destabilize itShendruk and Rosenthal 21 Shendruk, A., and Rosenthal, Z. (2021, August 4). How much does the U.S. contribute to the UN? Council on Foreign Relations. https://www.cfr.org/article/funding-united-nations-what-impact-do-us-contributions-have-un-agencies-and-programs Aadit AND . share of the UN administrative budget from 25 percent to 22 percent. Self-Sustainable UN prevents Chinese influence and US China Tensions – Also solves warmingAssociated Press 20 Associated Press. (2020, September 21). United Nations turns at 75 amid deeply polarized world. NBC News. https://www.nbcnews.com/news/world/born-prevent-war-u-n-75-faces-deeply-polarized-world-n1240582 Aadit AND overcome today’s emergency, get the world moving and working and prospering again." ====US–China war goes nuclear – crisis mis-management ensures conventional escalation - extinction==== AND during a military crisis, but it would make one far less likely. Climate change destroys the world.Brandon Specktor 19 ~Brandon writes about the science of everyday life for Live Science, and previously for Reader's Digest magazine, where he served as an editor for five years~ 6-4-2019, "Human Civilization Will Crumble by 2050 If We Don't Stop Climate Change Now, New Paper Claims," livescience, https://www.livescience.com/65633-climate-change-dooms-humans-by-2050.html JW AND and perhaps "the end of human global civilization as we know it." | 1/9/22 |
JF - DA - InnovationTournament: Sunvite | Round: 1 | Opponent: Herritage EM | Judge: Grant Brown Private entities are necessary for space-to-space market development which spurs unlimited innovationWeinzierl and Sarang 21; Matt Weinzierl and Mehek Sarang, 2-12-2021, "The Commercial Space Age Is Here," Harvard Business Review, https://hbr.org/2021/02/the-commercial-space-age-is-here (Matt Weinzierl is the Joseph and Jacqueline Elbling Professor of Business Administration at HBS and a Research Associate at the NBER. His research and teaching focus on the design of economic policy and the economics and business of space. Mehak Sarang is a Research Associate at Harvard Business School and the Lunar Exploration Projects Lead for the MIT Space Exploration Initiative.) Aadit AND will be essential to encouraging a healthy space-for-space economy. Strong Innovation solves Extinction.Matthews 18 Dylan Matthews 10-26-2018 "How to help people millions of years from now" https://www.vox.com/future-perfect/2018/10/26/18023366/far-future-effective-altruism-existential-risk-doing-good (Co-founder of Vox, citing Nick Beckstead @ Rutgers University)Re-cut by Elmer AND far future, then effective altruism just becomes plain ol’ do-goodery. | 1/7/22 |
JF - DA - Space PrimacyTournament: Sunvite | Round: 6 | Opponent: Durham RL | Judge: Josh Gavsie Commercial Space Race favors American Companies that cements space dominance – shift away endangers our lead – losing green-lights Chinese Dominance across the board.Autry and Kwast 19 Greg Autry and Steve Kwast 8-22-2019 "America Is Losing the Second Space Race to China" (Greg Autry, a clinical professor of space leadership, policy, and business at Arizona State University’s Thunderbird School of Global Management, and Steve Kwast)Elmer AND conflict while securing a better economic future for the nation and the world. Hegemony solves Extinction.Ikenberry 20 John Ikenberry 6-9-2020 "The Next Liberal Order: The Age of Contagion Demands More Internationalism, Not Less" https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/united-states/2020-06-09/next-liberal-order (Albert G. Milbank Professor of Politics and International Affairs at Princeton University and Global Eminence Scholar at Kyung Hee University, in South Korea)Elmer AND bad news is that it is far from certain that it will not. Specifically, solves Nuclear War – shift causes Transition Wars.Khalizad 16 Zalmay Khalizad 3-23-2016 "4 Lessons about America's Role in the World" http://nationalinterest.org/feature/4-lessons-about-americas-role-the-world-15574?page=show (former U.S. ambassador to the United Nations, counselor at the CSIS)Elmer AND power in key regions while seeking opportunities to reconcile differences among major actors. | 1/9/22 |
JF - DA - Xi LashoutTournament: Sunvite | Round: 3 | Opponent: Arjun Verma | Judge: Sierro Romero Xi’s regime is stable now, but its success depends on strong growth and private sector development.Mitter and Johnson 21 ~Rana Mitter and Elsbeth Johnson, Rana Mitter is a professor of the history and politics of modern China at Oxford. Elsbeth Johnson, formerly the strategy director for Prudential PLC’s Asian business, is a senior lecturer at MIT’s Sloan School of Management and the founder of SystemShift, a consulting firm. May-June 2021, "What the West Gets Wrong About China," Harvard Business Review, https://hbr.org/2021/05/what-the-west-gets-wrong-about-china accessed 12/14/21~ Adam AND University thanks to social mobility and the party’s significant investment in scientific research. Xi has committed to the commercial space industry as the linchpin of China’s rise – the plan is seen as a complete 180Patel 21 ~Neel V. Patel, Neel is a space reporter for MIT Technology Review. 1-21-2021, "China’s surging private space industry is out to challenge the US," MIT Technology Review, https://www.technologyreview.com/2021/01/21/1016513/china-private-commercial-space-industry-dominance/ accessed 12/14/21~ Adam AND for the commercial space sector as it tries to expand," he says. Shifts in regime perception threatens CCP’s legitimacy from nationalist hardlinersWeiss 19 Jessica Weiss 1-29-2019 "Authoritarian Audiences, Rhetoric, and Propaganda in International Crises: Evidence from China" http://www.jessicachenweiss.com/uploads/3/0/6/3/30636001/19-01-24-elite-statements-isq-ca.pdf (Associate Professor of Government at Cornell University)Elmer AND to it more directly than even the U.S. government."11 Xi will launch diversionary war to domestic backlash – escalates in multiple hotspotsNorris 17, William J. Geostrategic Implications of China’s Twin Economic Challenges. CFR Discussion Paper, 2017. (Associate professor of Chinese foreign and security policy at Texas AandM University’s Bush School of Government and Public Service)Elmer AND resource is directed shifts away from industrial and export production toward domestic consumption. ====US–China war goes nuclear – crisis mis-management ensures conventional escalation - extinction==== AND during a military crisis, but it would make one far less likely. | 1/8/22 |
JF - K - Kant HomophobicTournament: Tournament of Champions | Round: 2 | Opponent: Strake Jesuit VM | Judge: Grant Brown Kant is Homophobic: This isn’t an ad hominem but the logical conclusion of his philosophy. Being gay is a contradiction in conception, since if everyone had homosexual intercourse, their would be no reproduction. Kant believes this is sex without function, requires sacrificing rational agency for the subordinate end of pleasure.Alan Soble, American philosopher and author of several books on the philosophy of sex. He taught at the University of New Orleans from 1986 to 2006. He is currently Adjunct Professor of philosophy at Drexel University in Philadelphia, Kant and Sexual Perversion, The Monist 86:1 (Jan. 2003), pp. 55-89, https://philpapers.org/archive/SOBKAS /AHS PB AND , for no animal turns in this way from its own species.75 And Kant’s conclusion is not just that homosexual intercourse is bad, but also that queer people literally are not human and can be killed with impunity.Soble 2 AND masturbator and the homosexual, by their own deliberate choices, have become. Three Impacts:~1~ Proves the framework logically false since we have a strong moral intuition that being homophobic is wrong. This outweighs on scope since its accepted across moral systems and has a higher probability of truth then one ethical theory.~2~ It makes trying to obligate people to act under Kant incoherent since A) a large portion of the population has no reason to care about obligations under your framework since they aren’t Kantian agents and B) even if they were, the standard just violates their freedom which is a prior condition to any other actions under it.~3~ Making repugnant arguments is a voting issue. Thus, drop the debater, to ensure that debate remains a space safe for all.Reject rvis on Ivis | 4/23/22 |
JF - K - Logistics vs KantTournament: Tournament of Champions | Round: 2 | Opponent: Strake Jesuit VM | Judge: Grant Brown Logistics is structured via Logistical Imaginations that control ways of seeing and imagining that structure every-day life around Logistical Infrastructures. Logistical Imaginations at the level of Knowledge and Subjectivity are critical to the life-blood of Supply Chains which means interrogation of the Aff’s Knowledge Structure come first over Materiality. Thus, the Role of the Ballot is to endorse Imagination and Subject Formation that exist outside Logistics.Hockenberry et Al 21 Matthew Hockenberry, Nicole Starosielski, and Susan Zieger 2021 "Assembly Codes: The Logistics of Media" (media historian and theorist examining the media of global production)Elmer AND its meaning and leverage the logistical imagination in pursuit of progressive political causes. The Kantian telos of the self-determined agent is a project of degrading logistics.Harney et al 18 ~Bracketed for g-lang. Stephen Matthias HARNEY (Professor of Strategic Management at Lee Kong Chian School of Business at Singapore Management University), Mattia FRAPORTTI (Singapore Management University), and Niccolo CUPINI (researcher at the University of Applied Sciences and Arts of Southern Switzerland). "Logistics Genealogies: A dialogue with Stefano Harney". Institutional Knowledge at Singapore Management University. March 2018. Accessed 1/5/22. https://ink.library.smu.edu.sg/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=7227andcontext=lkcsb'research Xu~ AND again as Robinson says, revolution is magic because it should be impossible. The Kantian abstraction away from aesthetic blackness pathologizes racialized subjects and cannot ground ethics.Lloyd 20 ~Brackets original. David Lloyd (distinguished professor of English at the University of California, Riverside). The social life of black things: Fred Moten’s consent not to be a single being". Radical Philosophy. Spring 2020. Accessed 1/5/22. https://www.radicalphilosophy.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/rp207'lloyd.pdf Xu~ AND and im/possible condition of being wholly for another’ ~SL 13~. The Impact is Global Civil War.Cowen 14, Deborah. The deadly life of logistics: Mapping violence in global trade. U of Minnesota Press, 2014. Pgs 1-5 (PhD in Geography from the University of Toronto)Elmer AND theory needs to engage our present as fundamentally a time of logistics space. The Alternative is Logistical Sabotage.Harney and Moten 15 Harney, Stefano, and Fred Moten. "Mikey the rebelator." Performance Research 20.4 (2015): 141-145. Pgs 5-8 (Stefano Harney is a Honorary Professor in the Institute of Gender, Race, Sexuality, and Social Justice at the University of British Columbia. He is also a Visiting Critic at Yale University Art School, and a Professor at the European Graduate School. Fred Moten is professor of performance studies at New York University and has taught previously at University of California, Riverside, Duke University, Brown University, and the University of Iowa.)Elmer AND down the line. We do mind working because we do mind dying. | 4/23/22 |
JF - K - Logistics vs KantTournament: Tournament of Champions | Round: 2 | Opponent: Strake Jesuit VM | Judge: Grant Brown Logistics is structured via Logistical Imaginations that control ways of seeing and imagining that structure every-day life around Logistical Infrastructures. Logistical Imaginations at the level of Knowledge and Subjectivity are critical to the life-blood of Supply Chains which means interrogation of the Aff’s Knowledge Structure come first over Materiality. Thus, the Role of the Ballot is to endorse Imagination and Subject Formation that exist outside Logistics.Hockenberry et Al 21 Matthew Hockenberry, Nicole Starosielski, and Susan Zieger 2021 "Assembly Codes: The Logistics of Media" (media historian and theorist examining the media of global production)Elmer AND its meaning and leverage the logistical imagination in pursuit of progressive political causes. The Kantian telos of the self-determined agent is a project of degrading logistics.Harney et al 18 ~Bracketed for g-lang. Stephen Matthias HARNEY (Professor of Strategic Management at Lee Kong Chian School of Business at Singapore Management University), Mattia FRAPORTTI (Singapore Management University), and Niccolo CUPINI (researcher at the University of Applied Sciences and Arts of Southern Switzerland). "Logistics Genealogies: A dialogue with Stefano Harney". Institutional Knowledge at Singapore Management University. March 2018. Accessed 1/5/22. https://ink.library.smu.edu.sg/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=7227andcontext=lkcsb'research Xu~ AND again as Robinson says, revolution is magic because it should be impossible. The Kantian abstraction away from aesthetic blackness pathologizes racialized subjects and cannot ground ethics.Lloyd 20 ~Brackets original. David Lloyd (distinguished professor of English at the University of California, Riverside). The social life of black things: Fred Moten’s consent not to be a single being". Radical Philosophy. Spring 2020. Accessed 1/5/22. https://www.radicalphilosophy.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/rp207'lloyd.pdf Xu~ AND and im/possible condition of being wholly for another’ ~SL 13~. The Impact is Global Civil War.Cowen 14, Deborah. The deadly life of logistics: Mapping violence in global trade. U of Minnesota Press, 2014. Pgs 1-5 (PhD in Geography from the University of Toronto)Elmer AND theory needs to engage our present as fundamentally a time of logistics space. The Alternative is Logistical Sabotage.Harney and Moten 15 Harney, Stefano, and Fred Moten. "Mikey the rebelator." Performance Research 20.4 (2015): 141-145. Pgs 5-8 (Stefano Harney is a Honorary Professor in the Institute of Gender, Race, Sexuality, and Social Justice at the University of British Columbia. He is also a Visiting Critic at Yale University Art School, and a Professor at the European Graduate School. Fred Moten is professor of performance studies at New York University and has taught previously at University of California, Riverside, Duke University, Brown University, and the University of Iowa.)Elmer AND down the line. We do mind working because we do mind dying. | 4/23/22 |
JF - PIC - Mega constellationsTournament: Sunvite | Round: Octas | Opponent: LHP AB | Judge: jacob palmer, tj maher, sierra romero Text: Private appropriation of outer space except for mega constellations is unjust. The internet capabilities resulting from the satellites should be distributed evenly throughout the world in a communist manner.It competes – it doesn’t ban a form of private appropriation – anything else would-be severance which is a voter for shiftiness and moots the nb to zeroInternet is open to massive vulnerabilities nowGriffiths 19 James Griffiths 7-26-2019 "The global internet is powered by vast undersea cables. But they’re vulnerable." https://www.cnn.com/2019/07/25/asia/internet-undersea-cables-intl-hnk/index.html (CNN Analyst)ELmer AND . "You’d be focusing on the hardest aspect of disrupting a network." SpaceX satellites are key to internet accessJames Pethokoukis 11/30 ~James Pethokoukis, a columnist and an economic policy analyst, is the Dewitt Wallace Fellow at the American Enterprise Institute, where he writes and edits the AEIdeas blog and hosts a weekly podcast, "Political Economy with James Pethokoukis." He is also a columnist for The Week and an official contributor to CNBC. "Why a SpaceX bankruptcy would hurt the global poor" Faster, Please! November 30, 2021 https://fasterplease.substack.com/p/-why-a-spacex-bankruptcy-would-hurt AND there will be a lot less global poverty here on Earth than otherwise. Internet access checks multiple existential threatsEagleman ’10 ~Dr. David; 11/9/2010; PhD in Neuroscience @ Baylor University, Adjunct Professor of Neoroscience @ Stanford University, Former Guggenheim Fellow, Director of the Center for Science and Law, BA @ Rice University; "Six Ways The Internet Will Save Civilization"; https://www.wired.co.uk/article/apocalypse-no~~ AND to suggest that the net may just be the technology that saves us. Starlink solves internet monopoliesKrow 21 Krow, A. (2021, February 27). Will Starlink disrupt spectrum’s internet provider monopoly? Medium. https://medium.com/technology-hits/will-starlink-disrupt-spectrums-internet-provider-monopoly-c3b33d20be11 (Teacher. Writer. Future Author. Aspiring Linguist. Progressive Voter. Twitter @ajkrow'writer.) Aadit AND want something other than Spectrum or Charter, Starlink will be the answer. | 1/9/22 |
MA - PIC - Investigative JournalismTournament: TFA State | Round: 1 | Opponent: Clear Lake MK | Judge: Jacob Koshak CP Text – In a Democracy, a Free Press ought to prioritize Objectivity over Advocacy, except for instances of Investigative Journalism.The CP competes – the tension between Objectivity and Advocacy lies in Objective Journalisms separation of opinion and personal bias from discussions.Reavy 13, Matthew. "Objectivity and advocacy in journalism." Media Ethics 25.1 (2013). (Communication Department Chairperson at University of Scranton)Elmer AND careers depend on delivering a news product that fits with the owner’s prejudices." Investigative Journalism is a form of Advocacy Journalism – it doesn’t violate the Truth BUT attaches it to a partial cause.Givens 20 Dana Givens 10-14-2020 "Opinion: When It Comes to Advocacy Journalism, the Truth Should Come Before Emotion" https://theclick.news/essay-when-it-comes-to-advocacy-journalism-the-truth-should-come-before-emotion/ (Sacred Heart University with a Bachelor's of Science in Marketing and Global Studies)Elmer AND to the event and what happened outside of what had previously been reported. Investigative Journalism solves Corruption.Hrvolova and Katz 21 Martina Hrvolova and Jonathan D. Katz 11-29-2021 "The Anti-Corruption Role of Free Media and Investigative Journalism" https://www.gmfus.org/news/anti-corruption-role-free-media-and-investigative-journalism (Resident Fellow WASHINGTON, DC OFFICE)Elmer AND more coordinated international response to the threat to the survival of free media. Corruption hurts the Economy.Chêne 14, Marie. "The impact of corruption on growth and inequality." Transparency International (2014). (Reporter at Transparency International)Elmer AND detrimental for countries with higher levels of per capita income and institutional quality. Decline cascades – nuclear warMaavak 21 – Mathew Maavak, PhD in Risk Foresight from the Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, External Researcher (PLATBIDAFO) at the Kazimieras Simonavicius University, Expert and Regular Commentator on Risk-Related Geostrategic Issues at the Russian International Affairs Council, "Horizon 2030: Will Emerging Risks Unravel Our Global Systems?", Salus Journal – The Australian Journal for Law Enforcement, Security and Intelligence Professionals, Volume 9, Number 1, p. 2-8 AND equation in the Middle East. Soleimani was simply a cog who got replaced | 3/10/22 |
MA - PIC - Peace JournalismTournament: TFA State | Round: 4 | Opponent: Strake DL | Judge: Ishan Rereddy CP Text – In a Democracy, a Free Press ought to prioritize Objectivity over Advocacy, except for instances of Peace Journalism.The CP competes – Peace Journalism is a form of advocacy journalism since it is a form of agenda-setting and framing.Hakorimana 20, Gratien. Exploring peace journalism practices for conflict prevention in Rwanda: The case study of Pax Press initiative. Diss. University of Rwanda, 2020. (Master's degree, bachelor's and diploma, peace studies and conflict transformation, political science and mass media studies at the University of Rwanda)Elmer AND forms of journalism according to some studies (Ogenga, 2019: 68). Objective Journalism is constituted of three things: factual information, impartial and unbiased viewpoints, and emotional detachmentCalcutt and Hammond 11 Andrew Calcutt and Philip Hammond, 11 ~Andrew Calcutt, (Andrew Calcutt is Principal Lecturer in Journalism at the University of East London, where he leads Master courses in journalism and magazines. He is vice-chair of the London East Research Institute and editor of Proof: Reading Journalism and Society (www.proof-reading.org). Previous publications include White Noise: An A–Z of Contradictions in Cyberculture (1999) and Arrested Development: Pop Culture and the Erosion of Adulthood (1998)). Philip Hammond (Philip Hammond is Reader in Media and Communications at London South Bank University. He is the author of Media, War and Postmodernity (2007) and Framing Post-Cold War Conflicts (2007) and is co-editor, with Edward Herman, of Degraded Capability: The Media and the Kosovo Crisis (2000)).~. "Journalism Studies: A Critical Introduction." Routledge and CRC Press, 3-8-2011, Accessed 3-4-2022. https://www.routledge.com/Journalism-Studies-A-Critical-Introduction/Calcutt-Hammond/p/book/9780415554312 duongie AND own emotional responses and political allegiances get in the way of reporting truthfully. Prefer –a~ Context – The resolution isn’t about just Research, it’s about what a Free Press should do with regards to other reporting which only our Evidence assumes – outweighs – words aren’t intrinsically defined but defined with context.Cambridge Dictionary No Date "Free Press" https://dictionary.cambridge.org/us/dictionary/english/free-press Elmer b~ Intent to Define – 1NC Calcutt and Hammond are making a holistic description about what Objective Journalist Ethics entail, the ~1AC card~ is merely defining a subsection which can’t constitute a model of Debate since it arbitrarily defines the limits of the Topic beyond Framers Intent to always favor the Aff.Peace Journalism severs Neutrality principles of Objectivity.Shaw 11 Dr Ibrahim Seaga Shaw (2011) Debates in Peace Journalism, Journal of Peace Education, 8:3, 363-365, DOI: 10.1080/17400201.2011.621380 (Chairman and Information Commissioner, Right to Access Information Commission in Sierra Leone)Elmer AND and mis-reporting of the 2003 US-led invasion of Iraq. Peace Journalism as advocacy specifically sets up conflict resolution – particularly the Middle East.Abouaoun 20 Elie Abouanoun 3-13-2020 "Rethinking Media’s Role in Conflict and Peace in the Middle East" https://www.usip.org/publications/2020/03/rethinking-medias-role-conflict-and-peace-middle-east (Director, Middle East and North Africa Programs at US Institute of Peace)Elmer AND the region. Without it, future generations are likely to repeat it. Objectivity hides "War Journalism" that creates Serial Policy Failure and Militarism.Lynch 8, Jake. Debates in peace journalism. Sydney University Press, 2008. (Jake Lynch is Director of the Centre for Peace and Conflict Studies, University of Sydney, Australia and Senior Research Fellow of the School of Communication, University of Johannesburg, South Africa.)Elmer AND their unified support of official war aims as an expression of patriotic virtue. Middle East Stability goes Nuclear.Silverstein 21 "Iran-Israel tensions: The threat of nuclear disaster looms large," Richard Silverstein ~writes the Tikun Olam blog, devoted to exposing the excesses of the Israeli national security state~, 23 April 2021 https://www.middleeasteye.net/opinion/iran-israel-tensions-threat-nuclear-war-looms-large SM AND will fight with F-35s, ballistic missiles and possibly nuclear weapons. | 3/11/22 |
ND - CP - UBITournament: Longhorn Classic | Round: 4 | Opponent: Sindhya | Judge: Brett Cryan | 12/5/21 |
ND - DA - Air TrafficTournament: Longhorn Classic | Round: 1 | Opponent: Parker Traxler | Judge: Javier Navarrete Low Air Traffic Strikes now due to lack of Right to Strike – the plan reverses penalties.Youn 19 Soo Youn 1-22-2019 "Why TSA and FAA workers can't just go on strike to end the shutdown" https://abcnews.go.com/US/tsa-faa-workers-strike-end-shutdown/story?id=60540070 (Freelance Journalist)Elmer AND . But as a union leader, he's well aware of the penalties. Trade is rebounding now.Wood 9-16 Laura Wood 9-16-2021 "Global Terminal Tractor Market (2021 to 2026) - Advancements in Terminal Tractors Presents Opportunities" https://www.globenewswire.com/en/news-release/2021/09/16/2298189/28124/en/Global-Terminal-Tractor-Market-2021-to-2026-Advancements-in-Terminal-Tractors-Presents-Opportunities.html (Senior Press Manager at Research and Markets)Elmer AND pandemic-induced collapse that bottomed out in the second quarter of 2020. Strong Airline Industry key to global trade and the economy – strikes obliterate these benefits.PWC 16, Pricewaterhouse Coopers. "Economic impact of air traffic control strikes in Europe." (2016). (PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP)Elmer AND this linkage directly into our economic modelling of the impact of ATC strikes. Collapse of Trade causes Hotspot Escalation – goes Nuclear.Kampf 20 David Kampf 6-16-2020 "How COVID-19 Could Increase the Risk of War" https://www.worldpoliticsreview.com/articles/28843/how-covid-19-could-increase-the-risk-of-war (Senior PhD Fellow at the Center for Strategic Studies at The Fletcher School)Elmer AND deterrents to conflict declining around the world, major wars could soon return. | 12/4/21 |
ND - DA - Oil PricesTournament: Longhorn Classic | Round: 5 | Opponent: Westwood AP | Judge: Isaac Chao 2 – Oil Strikes DAEgypt Oil Worker Strikes cause mass Oil Shipping disruptions – particularly the SUMED pipeline.Platform London 11 10-5-2011 "Egyptian oil workers strike over conditions" https://platformlondon.org/2011/10/05/egyptian-oil-workers-strike-over-conditions/ (Platform is different. We combine art, activism, education and research in one organisation. This approach enables us to create unique projects driven by the need for social and ecological justice. Platform’s current campaigns focus on the social, economic and environmental impacts of the global oil industry. Our pioneering education courses, exhibitions, art events and book projects promote radical new ideas that inspire change.)Elmer AND companies (15 per cent) and Qatar Petroleum (5 per cent). SUMED Oil Disruptions cause Oil Price increases.Paraskova 21 Tsvetana Paraskova 3-24-2021 "13 Million Barrels Of Oil Could Be Affected By Suez Canal Blockage" https://oilprice.com/Latest-Energy-News/World-News/13-Million-Barrels-Of-Oil-Could-Be-Affected-By-Suez-Canal-Blockage.html (Journalist and Editor at Oil Price)Elmer AND to $60 and Brent Crude prices up at $62.75. Oil Prices are low now.Gaffen 11-3 David Gaffen 11-3-2021 "Oil falls to near 4-week low after big build in U.S. inventories" https://www.reuters.com/business/cop/oil-prices-fall-industry-data-shows-big-build-us-inventory-2021-11-03/ (Reporters at Reuters)Elmer AND closes for Brent since Oct. 7 and WTI since Oct. 13. High Oil prices cause Global Conflict.Bunzel 18 Theodore Bunzel 5-3-2018 "Do High Oil Prices Mean More International Conflict?" https://www.the-american-interest.com/2018/05/30/do-high-oil-prices-mean-more-international-conflict/ (Worked in the political section of the U.S. Embassy in Moscow and in international economics at the U.S. Treasury)Elmer AND Given these and other dynamics, we should expect a bumpy ride ahead. | 12/5/21 |
ND - DA - Suez CanalTournament: Longhorn Classic | Round: 5 | Opponent: Westwood AP | Judge: Isaac Chao 1 – Suez Canal DALack of Strike Protection limits Suez Canal Strikes now.Edited for Ableist Language AND entity in power, the military does not want strikes," Ramadan said. Suez Strikes eviscerate Global Trade – expanding the scope and length of Strikes through legal protection makes their impacts unthinkable.Rohar 11 Evan Rohar 2-10-2011 "Suez Canal Strike Could Rattle Egypt’s Regime" https://labornotes.org/blogs/2011/02/suez-canal-strike-could-rattle-egyptE28099s-regime (Former Dock Worker at the Suez Canal)Elmer AND afraid of what the workers could do for themselves and for their revolution. Collapse of Trade causes Hotspot Escalation – goes Nuclear.Kampf 20 David Kampf 6-16-2020 "How COVID-19 Could Increase the Risk of War" https://www.worldpoliticsreview.com/articles/28843/how-covid-19-could-increase-the-risk-of-war (Senior PhD Fellow at the Center for Strategic Studies at The Fletcher School)Elmer AND deterrents to conflict declining around the world, major wars could soon return. | 12/5/21 |
ND - DA - Voting ReformTournament: Longhorn Classic | Round: 4 | Opponent: Sindhya | Judge: Brett Cryan | 12/5/21 |
ND - NC - Util v2Tournament: Longhorn Classic | Round: 1 | Opponent: Parker Traxler | Judge: Javier Navarrete Ethics begin a posteriori.1. Knowledge is based on experience – I wouldn’t know 2+24 without experience of objects nor the color red without some experience of color. We can’t obtain evidence of goodness without experience.==== 2. Indifference – Even if there are apriori moral truths, I can choose to ignore them. Cognition is binding – if I put my hand on a hot stove, I can’t turn off my natural aversion to it.The standard is act hedonistic util. Prefer –1 – Pleasure and pain are intrinsic value and disvalue – everything else regresses – robust neuroscience.Blum et al. 18 AND these circuits contribute to diverse pathologies, including obesity and addiction or RDS. 2 – No intent-foresight distinction – if I foresee a consequence, then it becomes part of my deliberation since its intrinsic to my action3 – Actor spec – governments lack wills or intentions and inevitably deals with tradeoffs – outweighs because agents have differing obligations.4 – No act omission distinction – choosing not to act is an action in of itself since you had to make an active decision to omit. Walking past a drowning baby and choosing not to save it is a cognitive decision you were faced with and you actively decided to keep walking b) warranting a distinction gives agents the permissible choice of omitting from any ethical action since omissions lack culpability.No calc indicts – a) no philosophy actually says that consequences don’t matter at all since otherwise it would indict every theory since they use causal events to understand how their ethics have worked in the past and through the justification of premises b) we don’t need consequences – winning hedonism proves we’re the only one with impacts to it which means risk of offense framing is sufficient c) they’re blippy nibs that set the aff at an unfair advantage since they only have to win one while we have to beat them all – voting issue for fairnessExtinction first –1 – Forecloses future improvement – we can never improve society because our impact is irreversible2 – Turns suffering – mass death causes suffering because people can’t get access to resources and basic necessities3 – Moral obligation – allowing people to die is unethical and should be prevented because it creates ethics towards other people4 – Objectivity – body count is the most objective way to calculate impacts because comparing suffering is unethical5 – Moral uncertainty – if we’re unsure about which interpretation of the world is true – we ought to preserve the world to keep debating about it | 12/4/21 |
ND - PIC - Women and Migrant workersTournament: Longhorn Classic | Round: 4 | Opponent: Sindhya | Judge: Brett Cryan | 12/5/21 |
ND - Th - Disclosure - First 3 Last 3Tournament: Longhorn Classic | Round: 4 | Opponent: Sindhya | Judge: Brett Cryan | 12/5/21 |
ND - Th - Performativity badTournament: Longhorn Classic | Round: 1 | Opponent: Parker Traxler | Judge: Javier Navarrete Interpretation: Debaters must not claim that act of debating concedes the validity of their framework.Violation: You read a performativity standard and gave it a pre fiat implication.Standards:1~ Strat Scew: A~ It allows you to extend one argument to invalidate 99 of the framework debate because contesting your framework concedes its authority which 1~ ensures the aff has a massive structural advantage and 2~ Puts me in a double bind where I either dump on performativity and undercover something else or auto lose the phil debate. B~ Performativity creates a reducto-ad-absurdum where if I respond to it, you will just say that I relied your framework to respond to it creating a paradox. That makes the framework debate unwinnable and irresolvable. Resolvability is an independent voter since fairness and education presuppose the judge can make a coherent decision.2~ Phil Ed: A~ Performativity encourages debaters to only read frameworks with good performativity warrants such as Agonism or Libertarianism. That 1~ Discourages researching different framework’s relationship to the topic and 2~ prevents debaters from learning a wider variety of philosophy. B~ It kills clash since you never have to respond to 90 of objections to the framework since they all go away if you win one discourse argument. Phil ed is a voter since it teaches debaters how to determine good and bad in the world. C~ My interpretation solves objections that we won’t learn philosophy of language since 1~ You can still read these arguments without giving them a pre fiat implication and 2~ It encourages debaters to represent linguistics accurately instead of bastardizing them in order to win rounds.Voters:Fairness and education are voters – debate’s a game that needs rules to evaluate it and education gives us portable skills for life like research and thinking.Drop the debater – a) they have a 7-6 rebuttal advantage and the 2ar to make args I can’t respond to, b) it deters future abuse and sets a positive norm.Use competing interps – a) reasonability invites arbitrary judge intervention since we don’t know your bs meter, b) collapses to competing interps – we justify 2 bright lines under an offense defense paradigm just like 2 interps. C) judges don’t vote a disad if there is a reasonable amount of offense.No RVIs – a) illogical – you shouldn’t win for being fair – it’s a litmus test for engaging in substance, b) norming – I can’t concede the counterinterp if I realize I’m wrong which forces me to argue for bad norms, c) chilling effect – forces you to split your 2AR so you can’t collapse and misconstrue the 2NR, d) topic ed – prevents 1AR blip storm scripts and allows us to get back to substance after resolving theoryEvaluate T before 1AR theory – a) norms – we only have a couple months to set T norms but can set 1AR theory norms anytime, b) magnitude – T affects a larger portion of the debate since the aff advocacy determines every speech after itThey can’t weigh the case—lack of preround prep means their truth claims are untested which you should presume false—they’re also only winning case because we couldn’t engage with itNo impact turns to T—T is a procedural that determines case’s validity, and every argument says the aff is bad | 12/4/21 |
SO - CP - Consult WHOTournament: Loyola | Round: 2 | Opponent: Harvard Westlake OF | Judge: Richard Li Counterplan Text – Member states of the World Trade Organization ought to consult the World Health Organization on whether or not to ~Member nations of the World Trade Organization ought to reduce intellectual property protections for medicines for COVID-19.~. The World Health Organization ought to publicly declare that their decision on ~the Plan~ will represent their future decisions on all intellectual property protections on medicines.WHO Cred key to Global Right to Health – medicine access is critical.Note the Bottom Paragraph is at the bottom of the PDF – I put a paragraph break to indicate it as such – no words are missing. AND of health services. Kenneth Roth, Executive Director, Human Rights Watch. Right to Health solves Nationalist Populism.Friedman 17 Eric Friedman March 2017 "New WHO Leader Will Need Human Rights to Counter Nationalistic Populism" https://www.hhrjournal.org/2017/03/new-who-leader-will-need-human-rights-to-counter-populism/ (JD, Project Leader of the Platform for a Framework Convention on Global Health at the O’Neill Institute for National and Global Health Law at the Georgetown University Law Center in Washington, DC)Elmer AND , and FCGH leadership ought to be a core part of that endeavor. Populism is an existential threat.de Waal 16 Alex de Waal 12-5-2016 "Garrison America and the Threat of Global War" http://bostonreview.net/war-security-politics-global-justice/alex-de-waal-garrison-america-and-threat-global-war (Executive Director of the World Peace Foundation at the Fletcher School at Tufts University)Elmer AND —without having to suffer the catastrophic traumas of trying everything else first. | 9/4/21 |
SO - CP - National Assembly scientistsTournament: Greenhill | Round: 4 | Opponent: Immaculate Heart JL | Judge: Andrew Gong Text: A nation appointed international panel of scientists including National Academies and corresponding organizations should reduce IP protections for Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats.and manage similar conflicts of interest between intellectual property.International panel of science diplomats can rule over IP—-that’s key to science diplomacy.Hajjar and Greenbaum 18 ~David; Dean Emeritus and University Distinguished Professor, and Professor of Biochemistry and Pathology at Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University. He is a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Sciences, a Jefferson Science Fellow of the National Academies at the U.S. Department of State, and a recent Senior Fellow in Science Policy at the Brookings Institute; Steven; Professor and Chair of the Department of Physics and Astronomy at Hunter College of the City University of New York and a Fellow of the American Physical Society. He was a Jefferson Science Fellow of the National Academies at the U.S. Department of State; "Leveraging Diplomacy for Managing Scientific Challenges," American Diplomacy; September 18; https://americandiplomacy.web.unc.edu/2018/09/leveraging-diplomacy-for-managing-scientific-challenges-an-opportunity-to-navigate-the-future-of-science/~~ Justin AND or funding agency panelists for the advancement of science toward the greater good. Solves every existential threat.Haynes 18—research associate in the Neurobiology Department at Harvard Medical School (Trevor, "Science Diplomacy: Collaboration in a rapidly changing world," http://sitn.hms.harvard.edu/flash/2018/science-diplomacy-collaboration-rapidly-changing-world/, dml) Re-Cut Justin AND can to foster collaboration. The future of human civilization depends on it. | 9/19/21 |
SO - CP - ProductionsTournament: Greenhill | Round: Octas | Opponent: Northland Christian LB | Judge: Tarun, Serena, Truman Text – the United States ought toanonymously invest $25 billion into 25 production lines dedicated solely to COVID-19 vaccines to boost global vaccine production managed by the Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority.distribute 8 billion doses of COVID vaccines using an equitable distribution framework prioritizing developing countries in the Global South.The CP solves the entirety of the case and does it faster.Stankiewicz 21 Mike Stankiewicz 5-6-2021"Opinion: For just $25 billion, the U.S. could jump-start a project to quickly vaccinate the entire world against COVID" https://www.marketwatch.com/story/for-just-25-billion-the-u-s-could-jump-start-a-project-to-quickly-vaccinate-the-entire-world-against-covid-11614898552 (a press officer in Public Citizen's communication's department, where he focuses on legislative policy and health-orientated advocacy)Elmer AND , it is also not in our own economic interest to do so. | 9/20/21 |
SO - DA - China RiseTournament: Greenhill | Round: 1 | Opponent: Cabot JB | Judge: Nick Flemming China is using a lack of alternate COVID vaccines to engage in aggressive vaccine diplomacy and expand influence – the Plan’s increase of access to perceptively more efficacious vaccines devastates those efforts.Zhao 4-29 Suisheng Zhao 4-29-2021 "Why China’s vaccine diplomacy is winning" https://www.eastasiaforum.org/2021/04/29/why-chinas-vaccine-diplomacy-is-winning/ (Professor and Director of the Center for China–US Cooperation at the Josef Korbel School of International Studies, University of Denver)Elmer AND countries, receive the vaccines they need to finally beat COVID-19. Waivers are a critical issue in the perceptual ineptness of America and the West.Pratt and Levin 4-29 Simon Frankel Pratt and Jamie Levin 4-29-2021 "Vaccines Will Shape the New Geopolitical Order" https://archive.is/OgDcA~~#selection-847.23-857.11 (Simon Frankel Pratt is a lecturer in the School of Sociology, Politics, and International Studies at the University of Bristol. Jamie Levin is an assistant professor of political science at St. Francis Xavier University in Canada.)Elmer AND inequities within already inequitable trade relationships between these countries and the global south. Chinese leadership solves existential threats.Yamei 18 Shen Yamei 18, Deputy Director and Associate Research Fellow of Department for American Studies, China Institute of International Studies, 1-9-2018, "Probing into the "Chinese Solution" for the Transformation of Global Governance," CAIFC, http://www.caifc.org.cn/en/content.aspx?id=4491 AND , refugees, climate change and public hygiene by debt forgiveness and assistance. That solves the Case – China has the vaccine production capacity to vaccinate the world.Mallapaty 6-9 Smriti Mallapaty 6-9-2021 "China is vaccinating a staggering 20 million people a day" https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-021-01545-3 (She has a master of science degree in environmental technology from Imperial College London.)Elmer AND is crucial that everything arrives at the right location at the right time." | 9/18/21 |
SO - DA - Climate PatentsTournament: Loyola | Round: 2 | Opponent: Harvard Westlake OF | Judge: Richard Li Climate Patents and Innovation high now and solving Warming but COVID waiver sets a dangerous precedent for appropriations - the mere threat is sufficient is enough to kill investment.Brand 5-26, Melissa. "Trips Ip Waiver Could Establish Dangerous Precedent for Climate Change and Other Biotech Sectors." IPWatchdog.com | Patents and Patent Law, 26 May 2021, www.ipwatchdog.com/2021/05/26/trips-ip-waiver-establish-dangerous-precedent-climate-change-biotech-sectors/id=133964/. sid AND is unlikely they will continue to invest at the current and required levels. Private sector innovation is key to solve climate change – short term politicking and priority shifts means government can’t solve alone.Henry 17, Simon. "Climate Change Cannot Be Solved by Governments Alone. How Can the Private Sector Help?" World Economic Forum, 21 Nov. 2017, www.weforum.org/agenda/2017/11/governments-alone-cannot-halt-climate-change-what-can-private-sector-do/. Programme Director, International Carbon Reduction and Offset Alliance (ICROA) sid AND to contribute to the solution to help secure the viability of their businesses. Warming causes ExtinctionKareiva 18, Peter, and Valerie Carranza. "Existential risk due to ecosystem collapse: Nature strikes back." Futures 102 (2018): 39-50. (Ph.D. in ecology and applied mathematics from Cornell University, director of the Institute of the Environment and Sustainability at UCLA, Pritzker Distinguished Professor in Environment and Sustainability at UCLA)Re-cut by Elmer AND complete scientific understanding when it comes to positive feedback loops and climate change. | 9/4/21 |
SO - DA - Infrastructure PoliticsTournament: Grapevine | Round: 1 | Opponent: McNeil AR | Judge: Favian Sun Biden’s infrastructure bill will pass through reconciliation but absolute Dem Unity is key.Turns Structural Violence AND — would sink legislation, Democrats have to satisfy a diverse range of views Pharma backlashes to the Plan – they’re aggressive lobbyists and will do anything to preserve patent rights.Turns Case – Waters down the Plan due to lobbying AND it," she said. "And when the bill finally came Democrat Senators in Big Pharma’s pocket derails the Plan.Sirota 8-23 David Sirota 8-23-2021 "Dem Obstructionists Are Bankrolled By Pharma And Oil" https://www.dailyposter.com/dem-obstructionists-are-bankrolled-by-pharma-and-oil/ (an American journalist, columnist at The Guardian, and editor for Jacobin. He is also a political commentator and radio host based in Denver. He is a nationally syndicated newspaper columnist, political spokesperson, and blogger)Elmer AND House, obstructionism from these conservative Democrats could decouple the infrastructure and budget measures Infrastructure reform solves Existential Climate Change – it results in spill-over.USA Today 7-20 7-20-2021 "Climate change is at 'code red' status for the planet, and inaction is no longer an option" https://www.usatoday.com/story/opinion/todaysdebate/2021/07/20/climate-change-biden-infrastructure-bill-good-start/7877118002/ Elmer AND season. And scientists say warming oceans are fueling ever more powerful storms, | 9/10/21 |
SO - DA - InnovationTournament: Grapevine | Round: 1 | Opponent: McNeil AR | Judge: Favian Sun 2Pharma innovation is doing great now – answers all your warrants. Biopiracy key to innovationChen, Jim. "There's no such thing as biopiracy... and it's a good thing too." McGeorge L. Rev. 37 (2006): 1.As is true of roughly four-fifths of all known drugs, an effective pharmaceutical remedy for obesity is likely to be derived from a natural source.14 One plausible pharmacological candidate, the cactus Hoodia gordoniis, is prized for its appetite-suppressing, thirst-quenching, and awareness-heightening qualities. What the San people of South Africa have known for thousands of years about the plant they call "Xhoba" languished for three decades in the laboratories of the Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR). 6 Pfizer Corporation eventually acquired the rights to a hoodia-derived compound called P57 (so named because it was the 57th chemical tested) and at one time planned to market a diet drug that would compete against currently available concoctions that rely on the troubled combination of ephedra and caffeine. 7 A safe, effective substitute, if successfully tested and marketed, would earn massive profits. "Purchasers of diet products are often 'pathetically eager' to obtain a slenderer figure."' 8 In July 2003, however, Pfizer withdrew from the project and discontinued clinical development of P57.' 9 The failure to exploit hoodia commercially mooted the immediate question of whether P57's developers owed the San people any compensation. As the stories of neem and the rosy periwinkle illustrate, however, demands for global justice hound almost every effort to extract agricultural or pharmaceutical value from the biological bounty of the developing world. ====Reducing IP protections chills future investment – even the perception of wavering commitment scares off companies.==== AND (accounting for 36 percent of all university patent awards in 2012). 13 ====RandD’s key to innovation – otherwise, future pandemics.==== AND such public health threats to an even greater extent under improved innovation conditions. Evolving superbugs trigger extinction.Srivatsa ’17 (Kadiyali; specialist in pediatric intensive and critical care medicine in the UK. Invented the bacterial identification tool ‘MAYA’; 1-12-2017; "Superbug Pandemics and How to Prevent Them", American Interest; https://www.the-american-interest.com/2017/01/12/superbug-pandemics-and-how-to-prevent-them/, Accessed: 8-31-2021; AU) AND most of the medical advances we have made over the past fifty years. | 9/10/21 |
SO - K - Set colTournament: Loyola | Round: 5 | Opponent: Adam Mimou | Judge: Valorie Lam Genocidal settlement is a structure, not an event meaning ontological logic of elimination is an everyday manifestation that defines settler identity.Rifkin 14, Mark. Settler common sense: Queerness and everyday colonialism in the American renaissance. U of Minnesota Press, 2014. (Associate Professor of English and WGS at UNC-Greensboro)Elmer AND through which U.S. settler colonialism enacts itself " (xix). That results in land exploitation and ecocide – specifically manifests in knowledge institutions making forefronting Settler Colonialism a prior question.Paperson 17 la paperson or K. Wayne Yang, June 2017, "A Third University is Possible" (an associate professor of ethnic studies at the University of California, San Diego)Elmer AND As Cindi Mayweather says, "your freedom’s in a bind."~11~ Expansion of medical access is a form of settler colonial biomedical onslaught – humanitarian promotions of health proliferate genocidal assimilation.Klausen 13, Jimmy Casas. "Reservations on hospitality: contact and vulnerability in Kant and indigenous action." Hospitality and World Politics. Palgrave Macmillan, London, 2013. 197-221. (Associate Professor in the Instituto de Relações Internacionais at the PontifÃcia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro)Elmer AND peoples is a sickness unto that other perpetual peace Kant mentions: death. Biomedicine itself is invested in colonial exploitation through testing done on indigenous communities to biopiracy and stealing indigenous knowledge.Lift Mode 17 3-10-2017 "Pharmaceutical Colonialism" https://medium.com/@liftmode/pharmaceutical-colonialism-3-ways-that-western-medicine-takes-from-indigenous-communities-3a9339b4f24f (We at Liftmode.com are a team of professionals from a variety of backgrounds, dedicated to the mission of providing the highest quality and highest purity nutritional health supplements on the market. We look specifically for the latest and most promising research in the fields of cognition enhancement, neuroscience and alternative health supplements, and develop commercial strategies to bring these technologies to the marketplace.)Elmer AND benefit the least from pharmaceutical colonialism are the ones who need healthcare the most Vote negative to endorse a cartography of refusalDay 15 Iyko, Associate Professor of English. Chair, Critical Social Thought. "Being or Nothingness: Indigeneity, Antiblackness, and Settler Colonial Critique." Source: Critical Ethnic Studies, Vol. 1, No. 2 (Fall 2015), pp. 102-121 Elmer AND states unambiguously, "For Indigenous nations to live, capitalism must die." Reject Reformism or Plan Focus - Challenging the 1AC’s colonialist framework of interpretation is a prior question to whether or not the Aff is a good ideaDeloria Jr. 99 – Member of the Standing Rock Sioux Tribe and Professor at University of Colorado Boulder The Aff relegates indigenous possibility to reservation, accelerating death-making – only an orientation of refusal as generative can solve. This the ROTB is to reject systems of settler colonialism.King 17, Tiffany Lethabo. "Humans involved: Lurking in the lines of posthumanist flight." Critical Ethnic Studies 3.1 (2017): 162-185. (Assistant Professor of Women’s, Gender and Sexuality Studies at Georgia State)GZ but re-cut by Elmer AND argue, "knowledge to facilitate interdictions on Indigenous and Black life."23 | 9/5/21 |
SO - NC - TTTournament: Grapevine | Round: 1 | Opponent: McNeil AR | Judge: Favian Sun The ROB is to determine the truth of falsity of the resolution –1~ Textuality – five dictionaries define to negate as to deny the truth of and affirm as to prove true.That OW –a~ Jurisdiction – judges are constrained through their constitutive purpose and proves it’s a side constraint on what arguments they can vote on.b~ Predictability – people base prep off the pregiven terms in the resolution.2~ Isomorphism – alternative ROBs aren’t binary truth/false because of topic lit biases which increases intervention and takes the debate out of the hands of debaters.3~ Inclusion – any offense functions under it as long as debaters implicate their positions to prove the truth or falsity of the resolution which maximizes substantive clash through ground and is a sequencing question for engaging in debate.4~ Logic – any statement relies on a conception of truth to function – for example, I’m hungry is the same as its true that I’m hungry – logic is a litmus test for any argument and proves your ROB collapse since it relies on truth.Presumption and permissibility negates – a) more often false than true since I can prove something false in infinite ways b) real world policies require positive justification before being adopted c) ought means "moral obligation" so the lack of that obligation means the aff hasn’t fulfilled their burden d) resolved indicates "firmly determined" which means they proactively did something, to negate that means that they aren’t resolved e) permissibility can’t affirm since then anything would be ok which would justify racism – we should be safe and do nothing. f) to negate means to deny the truth of which means if the aff is false you vote negNegate –1~ member is "a part or organ of the body, especially a limb" but an organ can’t have obligations2~ of is to "expressing an age" but the rez doesn’t delineate a length of time3~ the is "denoting a disease or affliction" but the WTO isn’t a disease4~ to is to "expressing motion in the direction of (a particular location)" but the rez doesn’t have a location5~ reduce is to "(of a person) lose weight, typically by dieting" but IP doesn’t have a body to lose weight.6~ for is "in place of" but medicines aren’t replacing IP.7~ medicine is "(especially among some North American Indian peoples) a spell, charm, or fetish believed to have healing, protective, or other power" but you can’t have IP for a spell. | 9/10/21 |
SO - NC - UtilTournament: Grapevine | Round: 4 | Opponent: Karan Shah | Judge: Dylan Jones Ethics begin a posteriori.1. Knowledge is based on experience – I wouldn’t know 2+24 without experience of objects nor the color red without some experience of color. We can’t obtain evidence of goodness without experience.==== 2. Indifference – Even if there are apriori moral truths, I can choose to ignore them. Cognition is binding – if I put my hand on a hot stove, I can’t turn off my natural aversion to it.The standard is act hedonistic util. Prefer –1 – Pleasure and pain are intrinsic value and disvalue – everything else regresses – robust neuroscience.Blum et al. 18 AND these circuits contribute to diverse pathologies, including obesity and addiction or RDS. 2 – No intent-foresight distinction – if I foresee a consequence, then it becomes part of my deliberation since its intrinsic to my action3 – Actor spec – governments lack wills or intentions and inevitably deals with tradeoffs – outweighs because agents have differing obligations.4 – No act omission distinction – choosing not to act is an action in of itself since you had to make an active decision to omit. Walking past a drowning baby and choosing not to save it is a cognitive decision you were faced with and you actively decided to keep walking b) warranting a distinction gives agents the permissible choice of omitting from any ethical action since omissions lack culpability.No calc indicts – a) no philosophy actually says that consequences don’t matter at all since otherwise it would indict every theory since they use causal events to understand how their ethics have worked in the past and through the justification of premises b) we don’t need consequences – winning hedonism proves we’re the only one with impacts to it which means risk of offense framing is sufficient c) they’re blippy nibs that set the aff at an unfair advantage since they only have to win one while we have to beat them all – voting issue for fairnessExtinction first –1 – Forecloses future improvement – we can never improve society because our impact is irreversible which proves moral uncertainty2 – Turns suffering – mass death causes suffering because people can’t get access to resources and basic necessities3 – Objectivity – body count is the most objective way to calculate impacts because comparing suffering is unethical | 9/11/21 |
SO - T - MedicineTournament: Greenhill | Round: 6 | Opponent: Sage MP | Judge: David Dosch Interpretation – Marijuana isn’t a MedicineMosley 20, Mark. "Medical Marijuana Is a Dangerous Lie." Emergency Medicine News 42.8 (2020): 2-3. (Dr. Mark Mosley is an emergency medicine physician in Wichita, Kansas and is affiliated with Wesley Healthcare Center. He received his medical degree from University of Oklahoma College of Medicine and has been in practice for more than 20 years.)Elmer AND willow tree in place of acetylsalicylic acid, the active ingredient in aspirin. FDA and CDC definitions prove.CDC ’18 (CDC; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; 3-7-2018; "Is marijuana medicine?"; CDC; https://www.cdc.gov/marijuana/faqs/is-marijuana-medicine.html; Accessed: 9-4-2021; AU) AND way to know what kind and how much of a chemical you’re getting. ====Violation – the resolution calls for reductions on IP protections for medicines, but the aff prevents future patents for cannabis-derived products.==== Vote neg for limits and ground. Expanding the definition of "medicine" to anything that could be used in a medical setting floods the neg with cases to prep for – everything from new methods of chemo to upgrading stethoscopes becomes topical.Excluding Marijuana from the Topic is good for Limits – there’s infinite advantage areas like Cartels, Treaties, Medical Research, Cotton, Terror, Education, and Competitiveness – an area that could be a Topic by itself – adds on 1/5 of an entire College Debate Topic to thousands of medicines.At best – they’re extra-T since Cannabis isn’t intrinsically medicinal, it just has medicinal uses so they would reduce Recreational Marijuana patents too which isn’t topical and explodes limits.Johnson 20 Ian Johnson 1-20-2020 "Cannabis Patents 2000 – 2019: Trends Following Legalization" https://plantlaw.com/2020/01/20/cannabis-trends-medical-recreational/ (Registered Patent Agent, Plant and Planet Law Firm)Elmer AND below demonstrates the growth of the recreational sector’s share of cannabis patent activity. | 9/19/21 |
SO - T - ReduceTournament: Loyola | Round: 2 | Opponent: Harvard Westlake OF | Judge: Richard Li 1~ Interpretation - Reduce means permanent reduction – it’s distinct from "waive" or "suspend."Reynolds 59 (Judge (In the Matter of Doris A. Montesani, Petitioner, v. Arthur Levitt, as Comptroller of the State of New York, et al., Respondents ~NO NUMBER IN ORIGINAL~ Supreme Court of New York, Appellate Division, Third Department 9 A.D.2d 51; 189 N.Y.S.2d 695; 1959 N.Y. App. Div. LEXIS 7391 August 13, 1959, lexis) AND or degrade. The word "reduce" seems adequately to indicate permanency. 2~ Violation – the plan waives intellectual property protections temporarily, which is an indefinite suspension. That’s 1AC ~WTO Recommendation~ "a waiver from the implementation, application and enforcement".~Pre-empting the We Meet~ – Plan Text in a Vacuum is a useless guideline since words are contextually defined based on function – the only basis for determining Topicality should be if the implementation of the Plan as per their 1AC solvency evidence follows the directional meaning of the Topic’s intent – anything else allows the 1AR to re-contextualize what the Plan says forcing the 1NC to predict infinite 1AR spin since they’re not tied to their evidence.3~ Vote neg for limits and neg ground – re-instatement under any infinite number of conditions doubles aff ground – every plan becomes either temporary or permanent – you cherry-pick the best criteria and I must prep every aff while they avoid core topic discussions like reduction-based DAs which decks generics like Pharma Innovation and Bio-Tech.4~ Paradigm Issues –a~ Topicality is Drop the Debater – it’s a fundamental baseline for debate-ability.b~ Use Competing Interps – 1~ Topicality is a yes/no question, you can’t be reasonably topical and 2~ Reasonability invites arbitrary judge intervention and a race to the bottom of questionable argumentation.c~ No RVI’s - 1~ Forces the 1NC to go all-in on Theory which kills substance education, 2~ Encourages Baiting since the 1AC will purposely be abusive, and 3~ Illogical – you shouldn’t win for not being abusive. | 9/4/21 |
SO - T - Reduce vs WeedTournament: Greenhill | Round: 6 | Opponent: Sage MP | Judge: David Dosch 1~ Interpretation – Reduce means to annul.Black’s Law 90 Black’s Law Dictionary 2ND ED. "Reduce" https://dictionary.thelaw.com/reduce/ Elmer That means the Aff has to cancel IP protections in their entirety, they can’t just modify it.Black’s Law 90 Black’s Law Dictionary 2ND ED. "Annul" https://thelawdictionary.org/annul/ AND re Morrow’s Estate, 204 Pa. 484, 54 Atl. 342. 2~ Violation – They "delay enforcement" which is a modification, not a complete annulment3~ Standards –a~ Neg Ground – Core Neg Generics like Innovation and Biotech Heg are predicated on scope of effect – minor modifications in how long a patent lasts for or what it effects allows the 1AR to minimize our links to zero which destroys being Neg on a Topic w/ very little Generic Ground.b~ Limits – Allowing Affs to make patent modifications explodes Aff ground by three-fold because for all four intellectual property protections for every medicine MULTIPLIED by different time modifications, different scope modifications which makes predictable preparation and in-depth clash impossible.4~ TVA – eliminate the enforcement of all cannabis patents – solves their offense.5~ Paradigm Issues –a~ Topicality is Drop the Debater – it’s a fundamental baseline for debate-ability.b~ Use Competing Interps – 1~ Topicality is a yes/no question, you can’t be reasonably topical and 2~ Reasonability invites arbitrary judge intervention and a race to the bottom of questionable argumentation.c~ No RVI’s - 1~ Forces the 1NC to go all-in on Theory which kills substance education, 2~ Encourages Baiting since the 1AC will purposely be abusive, and 3~ Illogical – you shouldn’t win for not being abusive. | 9/19/21 |
SO - Th - MinksTournament: Greenhill | Round: Octas | Opponent: Northland Christian LB | Judge: Tarun, Serena, Truman A~ Interpretation: Debaters must not misrepresent the content of cards or the intent of authorsB~ Three violations, all in the Scholer 21 evidence1~ The evidence is not talking about human extinction, but the virus going extinct – this is the exact opposite of their impact2~ It’s not about humans, it’s about minks – there’s a photo of a mink in the doc in case you need to be convinced they aren’t humans AND a bill to interim ban Danish mink production until the end of 2021. 3~ The authors specifically say this article should not be used for guiding practice – screenshot belowwww.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.07.05.21260005v1.full.pdf+html Miscutting is a voting issue - kills fairness because debaters can just make up cards, giving them access to "evidence" that nobody else can find, which creates a structural imbalance.Drop the debater to deter future abuse – uniquely key for evidence ethics because unlike something like condo, you have to be caught miscutting evidence, which means debaters think they can get away with it. It should not be my obligation to read through all of the small text of their cards because I’m scared that the authors don’t actually say what the opponent says they say. It’s an unreasonable burden to place on debaters to expect us to have read through the source PDF of every card any debater reads, so it’s important that we can trust the validity of evidence, and the only way to ensure this is to have an extremely severe punishment for ev ethics violations. AND DTA regresses – we don’t know if you’re lying about everything else in the aff, so rejecting it is necessary. | 9/20/21 |
SO - Th - Spec - EnforcementTournament: Grapevine | Round: 1 | Opponent: McNeil AR | Judge: Favian Sun Interpretation – the Affirmative must present a delineated enforcement mechanism for the Plan. There is no normal means since terms are negotiated contextually among member states.WTO No Date "Whose WTO is it anyway?" https://www.wto.org/english/thewto'e/whatis'e/tif'e/org1'e.htm Elmer AND , for example, influence a country’s policy by threatening to withhold credit. Violation: they don’tStandards1~ Shiftiness- They can redefine the 1AC’s enforcement mechanism in the 1AR which allows them to recontextualize their enforcement mechanism to wriggle out of DA’s since all DA links are predicated on type of enforcement i.e. sanctions bad das, domestic politics das off of backlash, information research sharing da if they put monetary punishments, or trade das.2~ Real World - Policy makers will always specify how the mandates of the plan should be endorsed. It also means zero solvency, absent spec, states can circumvent the Aff’s policy since there is no delineated way to enforce the affirmative which means there’s no way to actualize any of their solvency arguments.ESpec isn’t regressive or arbitrary- it’s an active part of the WTO is central to any advocacy about international IP law since the only uniqueness of a reduction of IP protections is how effective its enforcement isCi no rvis dtd 1nc theory first fairness and education | 9/10/21 |
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