Tournament: Greenhill | Round: Doubles | Opponent: Immaculate Heart BC | Judge: Chris Theis, Tarun Ratnasabapathy, Austin Broussard
All ethics is based on reason since to ask for a reason for reason is to concede the authority of reasons. Reasons must be universalizable since A) otherwise they'd be false because they wouldn't apply to all applicable situations and B) 2+2
4 for all agents – if a reason can't apply equally to all agents, it can't provide a stable basis for ethics because it's application is contingent on circumstance. Independently takes out consequentialist frameworks because they judge ethics based on matters of chance. ====
The standard is consistency with respecting liberty. Freedom violations aren't because to violate one's freedom you must freely will the act of violating another's freedom, which is an action of using freedom to restrict it. Prefer –
1~ Unconditional value – the free will must be respected as an end in itself – all other goods are only conditionally valuable, and are granted objective value when humans confer that value upon them to justify their pursuit. Since nothing else is inherently good, violation of the free will can never be justified via external consequences.
Stephen Engstrom 08 – professor of phil at university of Pittsburgh; before coming to the University of Pittsburgh in 1990, he taught at the University of Chicago and at Harvard, and since joining the Department he has held visiting positions at UCLA, the University of Leipzig, and the University of Chicago; "Universal Legislation As the Form of Practical Knowledge". Academia.edu, 2008)
Kant holds that
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in the end itself.
Consequentialism fails – it can only explain an act as movement with consequences since it only cares about consequences, but each act of agency can be reduced to an infinite series of subatomic movements and consequences.
B. Resolvability – Kant debates are based on universal, a priori reasons, while other frameworks are based on contingent and thus unpredictable predictions. Outweighs – judges have to be able to make decisions.
4~ Actor specificity – governments must respect side constraints – the U.S. couldn't donate all of its money to African states even if it would produce net more wellbeing for them than us – respecting freedom is enshrined in the constitution AND governments are structured to be mutual arbitrers of competing claims to rights in response to the conflicting rights claims of the state of nature – not to produce happiness.
Feldman 2 Robin Feldman 2-11-2019 "'One-and-done' for new drugs could cut patent thickets and boost generic competition" https://www.statnews.com/2019/02/11/drug-patent-protection-one-done/ (Arthur J. Goldberg Distinguished Professor of Law, Albert Abramson '54 Distinguished Professor of Law Chair, and Director of the Center for Innovation)SidK + Elmer
I believe that
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just too great.
1~ The categorical imperative rejects the idea of intellectual property as it suppresses freedom by preventing others from innovating and suppressing speech in the name of a copyright.
Pievatolo 10 Pievatolo, Maria. "Freedom, Ownership and Copyright: Why Does Kant Reject the Concept of Intellectual Property?" Freedom, Ownership and Copyright: Why Does Kant Reject the Concept of Intellectual Property?, 7 Feb. 2010, bfp.sp.unipi.it/chiara/lm/kantpisa1.html. SJEP
In the Metaphysics
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because of Enlightenment.
~2~ IPP unjustifiably restricts agents from setting and pursuing ends in healthcare because patents prevent people from taking part in scientific advancements in medicine – that violates freedom in multiple ways
Hale 18 (Zachary Hale, 4-4-2018, accessed on 8-22-2021, The Arkansas Journal of Social Change and Public Service, "Patently Unfair: The Tensions Between Human Rights and Intellectual Property Protection - The Arkansas Journal of Social Change and Public Service", https://ualr.edu/socialchange/2018/04/04/patently-unfair/) BHHS AK
Although the right
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the right to life.
Kinsella 11 (Stephan Kinsella, 5-25-2011, accessed on 8-23-2021, Foundation for Economic Education, "How Intellectual Property Hampers the Free Market | N. Stephan Kinsella", https://fee.org/articles/how-intellectual-property-hampers-the-free-market/) BHHS AK
But are they?
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the free market?
Richman 12 ~Sheldon Richman, 8-5-2012, "The Free Market Doesn't Need Government Regulation," Reason, https://reason.com/2012/08/05/the-free-market-doesnt-need-government-r/~~ SJ AME
What regulates the
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by market forces.
2~ Textuality – Five Dictionaries define to affirm as to prove true and negate as to deny the truth of which means the sole judge jurisdiction is to vote on the resolution's truth or falsity. This outweighs on common usage – it is abundantly clear that our roles are verified.
Feldman 1 Robin Feldman 2-11-2019 "'One-and-done' for new drugs could cut patent thickets and boost generic competition" https://www.statnews.com/2019/02/11/drug-patent-protection-one-done/ (Arthur J. Goldberg Distinguished Professor of Law, Albert Abramson '54 Distinguished Professor of Law Chair, and Director of the Center for Innovation)SidK + Elmer
Drug companies have
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for minimal benefit.
PFAD 21 Patients for Affordable Drugs 2-3-2021 "BIG PHARMA'S BIG LIE: THE TRUTH ABOUT INNOVATION and DRUG PRICES" https://patientsforaffordabledrugs.org/2021/02/03/innovation-report/ (a patient advocacy and lobbying organisation based in Washington, D.C. founded by David Mitchell who suffers from multiple myeloma. Ben Wakana is the executive director. It focuses on policies to lower drug prices.)Elmer
The drug industry
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repurposing old drugs.
Arnold Ventures 20 9-24-2020 "'Evergreening' Stunts Competition, Costs Consumers and Taxpayers" https://www.arnoldventures.org/stories/evergreening-stunts-competition-costs-consumers-and-taxpayers/ (Arnold Ventures is focused on evidence-based giving in a wide range of categories including: criminal justice, education, health care, and public finance)Elmer
Revlimid is a case
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the delivery device.
Sobti 19 ~Dr. Navjot Kaur Sobti is an internal medicine resident physician at Dartmouth-Hitchcock-Medical Center/Dartmouth School of Medicine and a member of the ABC News Medical Unit. May 1, 2019. "Amid superbug crisis, scientists urge innovation". https://abcnews.go.com/Health/amidst-superbug-crisis-scientists-urge-innovation/story?id=62763415~~ Dhruv
The United Nations
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drug-resistant diseases."
Srivatsa '17 (Kadiyali; specialist in pediatric intensive and critical care medicine in the UK. Invented the bacterial identification tool 'MAYA'; 1-12-2017; "Superbug Pandemics and How to Prevent Them", American Interest; https://www.the-american-interest.com/2017/01/12/superbug-pandemics-and-how-to-prevent-them/, Accessed: 8-31-2021; AU)
It is by now
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the past fifty years.
NAS 8 National Academy of Sciences 12-3-2008 "The Role of the Life Sciences in Transforming America's Future Summary of a Workshop" Re-cut by Elmer
Fostering Industries to
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sustainably on earth.
Specktor 19 ~Brandon writes about the science of everyday life for Live Science, and previously for Reader's Digest magazine, where he served as an editor for five years~ 6-4-2019, "Human Civilization Will Crumble by 2050 If We Don't Stop Climate Change Now, New Paper Claims," livescience, https://www.livescience.com/65633-climate-change-dooms-humans-by-2050.html JW
Cites and talks about the Spratt and Dunlop study
What might an
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as we know it."