| Tournament | Round | Opponent | Judge | Cites | Round Report | Open Source | Edit/Delete |
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| Alta | 1 | Alta MD | Nyberg, Amy |
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| Alta | 4 | Solebury LM | Larson, Sam |
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| Alta | 5 | Newman Smith SJ | Clark-Villanueva, Leah |
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| Apple Valley | 1 | Lexington JB | Palmer, Jacob |
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| Apple Valley | 3 | Lexington AT | Hatfield, Wyatt |
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| Apple Valley | 5 | Isidore Newman EE | Robinson, David |
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| CONTACT | 1 | CONTACT | CONTACT |
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| Emory | 1 | Coppell RM | Palmer, Jacob |
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| Emory | 3 | Harker DS | Das, Sreyaash |
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| Emory | 5 | Ramsay DF | Wood, Tyler |
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| Greenhill | 4 | Harker KB | Theis, Chris |
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| Greenhill | 2 | BYE | BYE |
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| Greenhill | 6 | Holy Cross ND | Rosero, Andres |
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| Loyola | 6 | St Croix Prep ADe | Towner, Asher |
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| Loyola | 4 | Acton-Boxborough BH | Mizrahi, Lena |
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| Loyola | 1 | Marlborough ML | Hilligoss, Derek |
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| NAVIGATION | 1 | NAVIGATION | NAVIGATION |
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| Newark | 1 | Harrison TB | Barry, Caroline |
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| Newark | 3 | West Windsor Plainsboro HS North EL | Choi, Jeong-Wan |
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| Tournament | Round | Report |
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| Alta | 1 | Opponent: Alta MD | Judge: Nyberg, Amy 1AC - Lay Whole Rez |
| Alta | 4 | Opponent: Solebury LM | Judge: Larson, Sam 1AC - Democracy 1AC |
| Alta | 5 | Opponent: Newman Smith SJ | Judge: Clark-Villanueva, Leah 1AC - Queer Strikes |
| Apple Valley | 1 | Opponent: Lexington JB | Judge: Palmer, Jacob 1AC - Kant |
| Apple Valley | 3 | Opponent: Lexington AT | Judge: Hatfield, Wyatt 1AC - Pluralism AC - Trix UV |
| Apple Valley | 5 | Opponent: Isidore Newman EE | Judge: Robinson, David 1AC - Legal Revolution |
| Emory | 1 | Opponent: Coppell RM | Judge: Palmer, Jacob 1AC - Cap |
| Emory | 3 | Opponent: Harker DS | Judge: Das, Sreyaash 1AC - China |
| Emory | 5 | Opponent: Ramsay DF | Judge: Wood, Tyler 1AC - Whole-Rez - ADV-Debris - ADV-US-Russia |
| Greenhill | 4 | Opponent: Harker KB | Judge: Theis, Chris 1AC - Whistleblowing |
| Greenhill | 6 | Opponent: Holy Cross ND | Judge: Rosero, Andres 1AC - Black Rage Non-T |
| Loyola | 6 | Opponent: St Croix Prep ADe | Judge: Towner, Asher 1AC - Lay Whole Rez - Inequality Framing and Advantage |
| Loyola | 4 | Opponent: Acton-Boxborough BH | Judge: Mizrahi, Lena 1AC - Weed |
| Loyola | 1 | Opponent: Marlborough ML | Judge: Hilligoss, Derek 1AC - Vaccine Aff - Inequality Adv Cap Adv |
| Newark | 1 | Opponent: Harrison TB | Judge: Barry, Caroline 1AC - Anti-Black Pedagogy ROB - Space Appropriation Racist |
| Newark | 3 | Opponent: West Windsor Plainsboro HS North EL | Judge: Choi, Jeong-Wan 1AC - Space Mining |
To modify or delete round reports, edit the associated round.
Cites
| Entry | Date |
|---|---|
0 - CONTACTTournament: CONTACT | Round: 1 | Opponent: CONTACT | Judge: CONTACT Pronouns: he/him/his or they/them/theirs; I don't have a preference Email: saulsmunn@gmail.com Let me know if there's something wrong or if there are any interps you want me to meet that my wiki doesn't fulfill. Thanks! | 9/4/21 |
0 - NAVIGATIONTournament: NAVIGATION | Round: 1 | Opponent: NAVIGATION | Judge: NAVIGATION Also: | 9/19/21 |
0 - NC - UtilTournament: Apple Valley | Round: 1 | Opponent: Lexington JB | Judge: Palmer, Jacob Pleasure and pain are the starting point for moral reasoning—they’re our most baseline desires and the only things that explain the intrinsic value of objects or actionsMoen 16, Ole Martin (PhD, Research Fellow in Philosophy at University of Oslo). "An Argument for Hedonism." Journal of Value Inquiry 50.2 (2016): 267. AND notion of legal standing will outstrip the power relations that ground Pettit’s theory. That justifies util – we must aggregate in order to determine how behaviors will be conducted based on what is most pleasurable. Anything else is arbitrary and always allows for exclusions, but aggregation solves because it allows us to determine what behaviors are most likely given relative evaluations of pleasure and pain.Thus, the standard is maximizing expected well-being – prefer:1~ Actor specificityA~ Governments must aggregate since every policy benefits some and harms others, which also means side constraints freeze action.B~ States lack wills or intentions since policies are collective actions. Actor-specificity comes first since different agents have different ethical standings. Link turns calc indites because the alt would be no action.2~ No act-omission distinction—governments are responsible for everything in the public sphere so inaction is implicit authorization of action: they have to yes/no bills, which means everything collapse to aggregation.3~ Only consequentialism explains degrees of wrongness—if I break a promise to meet up for lunch, that is not as bad as breaking a promise to take a dying person to the hospital via intuitions. Intuitions outweigh—they’re the foundational basis for any argument and theories that contradict our intuitions are most likely false even if we can’t deductively determine why.4~ Existential threats independently outweigh – all life has infinite value and extinction eliminates the possibility for future generationsGPP 17 (Global Priorities Project, Future of Humanity Institute at the University of Oxford, Ministry for Foreign Affairs of Finland, "Existential Risk: Diplomacy and Governance," Global Priorities Project, 2017, https://www.fhi.ox.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/Existential-Risks-2017-01-23.pdf, AND other cognitive biases are likely to affect the evaluation of existential risks.75 | 11/6/21 |
0 ----------Tournament: NAVIGATION | Round: 1 | Opponent: NAVIGATION | Judge: NAVIGATION | 9/19/21 |
1 - SEPTOCT - CP - Patent PrizeTournament: Loyola | Round: 4 | Opponent: Acton-Boxborough BH | Judge: Mizrahi, Lena The member nations of the World Trade Organization should form an intellectual property system that uses patents, prizes, grants, and tax credits for cannabis.The counterplan solves the aff’s concerns with squo patent policy – the solution isn’t to waive patents, but to restructure IP programs.Hemel and Ouellette 13 ~Daniel Hemel received his J.D. from Yale Law School in 2012 and his M.Phil. from the University of Oxford in 2009. Lisa Larrimore Ouellette is a Visiting Fellow at the Yale Law School Information Society Project; she received her J.D. from Yale Law School in 2011 and her Ph.D. in Physics from Cornell University in 2008.) "Beyond the Patents–Prizes Debate," Texas Law Review, 4-7-2013~ SM AND to imagine new combinations of innovation incentives that improve upon the status quo. The problem is that squo patent law is too rigid – the counterplan solves.Grimes 21 ~Warren Grimes: Irving D and Florence Rosenberg Professor of Law, Southwestern Law School, Los Angeles, USA) "Perverse Results from Pharmaceutical Patents in the United States," International Review of Intellectual Property and Competition Law, 4-28-2021~ SM AND a system might partially replace the patent system or be supplementary to it. We don’t decrease intellectual property – the CP is in the opposite direction of the aff, so the perm fails.The aff reverses innovative potential – strong IP protection is k2 innovation.Cory 17 ~Nigel Cory is a trade policy analyst at the Information Technology and Innovation Foundation.April 30, 2017, "How Intellectual Property Protection Incentivizes Innovation" https://www.globaltrademag.com/intellectual-property-protection-incentivizes-innovation/ gord0~ AND to ensure that firms and countries are maximizing their innovative and creative potential. | 9/19/21 |
1 - SEPTOCT - CP - TrademarksTournament: Loyola | Round: 6 | Opponent: St Croix Prep ADe | Judge: Towner, Asher CP: The member nations of the World Trade Organization should reduce intellectual property protections for medicines except trademarks.We’re competitive – trademarks are IPSaha and Bhattacharya 11 ~Chandra Nath Saha: Quality Assurance Department, Claris Lifesciences Ltd., Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India. Sanjib Bhattacharya: Pharmacognosy Division, Bengal School of Technology (A College of Pharmacy), Sugandha, Hooghly, West Bengal, India.) "Intellectual property rights: An overview and implications in pharmaceutical industry," PubMed Central (PMC), April-June 2011~ SM AND characteristic of the goods is essentially attributable to its geographical origin~8~ Trademarks are vital to avoid confusion – risks massive health impactsUhthoff and Vega ND ~) " Curing Confusion. The Importance Of Choosing The Correct Name Of Pharmaceutical Trademarks In Public Health," Uhthoff LLC,~ SM AND many pharmaceutical companies follow a lengthy process for the selection of a trademark. | 9/6/21 |
1 - SEPTOCT - DA - China BioterrorTournament: Loyola | Round: 1 | Opponent: Marlborough ML | Judge: Hilligoss, Derek China Bioterror1NC – DABiotech is the new frontier; America is ahead but China is dangerously closeGupta 6/11 ~Gaurav Gupta, Biotech Investor, Founder of Ascendant BioCapital, a life science investment firm based in New York. Previously, Gaurav worked at OrbiMed Advisors, and served as a resident in neurological surgery at Columbia University Medical Center. He has co-authored over a dozen articles in peer-reviewed journals, filed a patent on a device for use in spine surgery, and edited a book on the technical and ethical implications of using tissue engineered products in the operating room. Dr. Gupta obtained his M.D. from the Stanford University School of Medicine, where he was a Paul and Daisy Soros Fellow, and B.S. and M.S.E. in biomedical engineering from Johns Hopkins University, where he was a Charles R. Westgate Scholar.) "As Washington Ties Pharma’s Hands, China Is Leaping Ahead" Barron’s Magazine: Commentary, China., 6/11/2021~ RM AND protecting, rather than undermining, the global dominance of our biotechnology industry. The plan recapitulates IP to China, destroying competitive advantagesWSJ 5/6 ~Wall Street Journal Editorial Board, WSJ Opinion Philosophy: "We speak for free markets and free people, the principles, if you will, marked in the watershed year of 1776 by Thomas Jefferson's Declaration of Independence and Adam Smith's "Wealth of Nations." So over the past century and into the next, the Journal stands for free trade and sound money; against confiscatory taxation and the ukases of kings and other collectivists; and for individual autonomy against dictators, bullies and even the tempers of momentary majorities." Edited by Paul A. Gigot and Daniel Henninger, "Biden’s Vaccine IP Debacle: His patent heist is a blow to the Covid fight and U.S. biotech." The WSJ Opinion: Review and Outlook, May 6, 2021~ RM AND a signal around the world that nobody’s intellectual property is safe in America. China will leapfrog the US through biotech primacyCumbers 20 ~John Cumbers, "I am the founder and CEO of SynBioBeta, the leading community of innovators, investors, engineers, and thinkers who share a passion for using synthetic biology to build a better, more sustainable universe. I publish the weekly SynBioBeta Digest, host the SynBioBeta Podcast, and wrote "What’s Your Biostrategy?", the first book to anticipate how synthetic biology is going to disrupt virtually every industry in the world. I also founded BetaSpace, a space settlement innovation network and community of visionaries, technologists, and investors accelerating the industries needed to sustain human life here and off-planet. I’ve been involved with multiple startups, I am an operating partner and investor at the hard tech investment fund Data Collective, and I'm a former bioengineer at NASA. I earned my PhD in Molecular Biology, Cell Biology, and Biochemistry from Brown University and am originally from the UK.") "China’s Plan To Beat The U.S. In The Trillion-Dollar Global Bioeconomy" Forbes, 2/3/2020~ RM AND engineering biology a national priority, anything is possible in the new bioeconomy. China biotech heg causes a laundry list of impactsMoore 19 Scott Moore - Director of the Penn Global China Program at the University of Pennsylvania, Young Professional and Water Resources Management Specialist at the World Bank Group, and Environment, Science, Technology, and Health Officer for China at the U.S. Department of State, Giorgio Ruffolo Post-Doctoral Research Fellow with the Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs at Harvard University, Truman, Fulbright, and Rhodes Scholar., Foreign Policy, "China's Genetic Experiments Are Pushing Ethical Limits", NOVEMBER 8, 2019, 2:53 PM, https://foreignpolicy.com/2019/11/08/cloning-crispr-he-jiankui-china-biotech-boom-could-transform-lives-destroy-them/ - BD AND face the limits of its ability to solve the problem on its own. | 9/19/21 |
1 - SEPTOCT - DA - InnovationTournament: Loyola | Round: 1 | Opponent: Marlborough ML | Judge: Hilligoss, Derek 1NC vs Marlborough MLOFFInnov DABiotech RandD is set for high growth and investment nowNASDAQ 8/9 ~NASDAQ is a stock market index that includes almost all stocks listed on the Nasdaq stock exchange. Along with the Dow Jones Industrial Average and SandP 500, it is one of the three most-followed stock market indices in the United States. This article was written by NASDAQ contributors and published on CNBC. The editorial staff of CNBC did not contribute to the creation of this study.) "Why the Nasdaq Biotechnology Index is poised for a run of sustainable growth" CNBC, NASDAQ, 8/9/2021, https://www.cnbc.com/advertorial/2021/08/09/why-the-nasdaq-biotechnology-index-is-poised-for-a-run-of-sustainable-growth-.html~~ RM AND researchers, scientists, and business leaders in this space will accomplish next." The aff reverses innovative potentialCory 17 ~Nigel Cory is a trade policy analyst at the Information Technology and Innovation Foundation.April 30, 2017, "How Intellectual Property Protection Incentivizes Innovation" https://www.globaltrademag.com/intellectual-property-protection-incentivizes-innovation/ gord0~ AND to ensure that firms and countries are maximizing their innovative and creative potential. COVID was a precursor to deadlier pandemics—vaccine production will determine everything.Lander 8/4/21 ~Eric Lander, President Biden’s Science Advisory and Director of the White House Office of Science and Technology Policy) "Opinion: As bad as Covid-19 has been, a future pandemic could be even worse—unless we act now" 8/4/21, The Washington Post~ RM AND It’s hard to imagine a higher economic or human return on national investment. Ecosystem sensitivity from climate change means future pandemics will cause extinction—assumes COVIDSupriya 4/19 ~Lakshmi Supriya got her BSc in Industrial Chemistry from IIT Kharagpur (India) and a Ph.D. in Polymer Science and Engineering from Virginia Tech (USA). She has more than a decade of global industry experience working in the USA, Europe, and India. After her Ph.D., she worked as part of the RandD group in diverse industries starting with semiconductor packaging at Intel, Arizona, where she developed a new elastomeric thermal solution, which has now been commercialized and is used in the core i3 and i5 processors. From there she went on to work at two startups, one managing the microfluidics chip manufacturing lab at a biotechnology company and the other developing polymer formulations for oil extraction from oil sands. She also worked at Saint Gobain North America, developing various material solutions for photovoltaics and processing techniques and new applications for fluoropolymers. Most recently, she managed the Indian RandD team of Enthone (now part of MacDermid) developing electroplating technologies for precious metals.) "Humans versus viruses - Can we avoid extinction in near future?" News Medical Life Sciences, 4/19/21, https://www.news-medical.net/news/20210419/Humans-versus-viruses-Can-we-avoid-extinction-in-near-future.aspx~~ RM AND the consequences may be and the next pandemic could lead us to extinction. | 9/19/21 |
1 - SEPTOCT - IT - EU DedevTournament: Greenhill | Round: 4 | Opponent: Harker KB | Judge: Theis, Chris Collapse by 2050 is inevitable—-rebound effects, lack of decoupling, large environmental footprints from renewables, and a lack of viable sequestration technology make growth unsustainableGiorgos Kallis 18, ICREA Research Professor at Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, environmental scientist working on ecological economics and political ecology, formerly Marie Curie International Fellow at the Energy and Resources Group of the University of California at Berkeley, PhD in Environmental Policy and Planning from the University of the Aegean in Greece, et al., 5/31/18, "Annual Review of Environment and Resources: Research On Degrowth," Annual Review of Environment and Resources, Vol. 43, p. 296-298 recut gord0 AND negatively if accompanied by redistribution, sharing, and value shifts (34). EU econ collapse is inevitableBet 8-22 ~Martina Bet, 8-22-2020, "EU at risk of collapse? Gisela Stuart unravels Brussels' key to survival ", Express.co.uk, https://www.express.co.uk/news/uk/1325865/eu-news-eurozone-euro-coronavirus-recovery-fund-gisela-stuart-two-tier-spt, Accessed 10-1-2020~ HWL recut LHSSN AND claimed the package was a necessary step for the future of the bloc. The Euro makes continual economic crisis inevitable – turns your impactStiglitz 17 — Joseph E. Stiglitz (Nobel Prize winning American economist, public policy analyst, and a professor at Columbia University. Recipient of the Economics Nobel Prize and the John Bates Clark Medal), The Fundamental Flaws in the Euro Zone Framework, https://www8.gsb.columbia.edu/faculty/jstiglitz/sites/jstiglitz/files/The20Fundamental20Flaws20in20the20Euro20Zone20Framework.pdf WJ AND identified good investment opportunities, and those that are attributable to market excesses. Decline doesn’t cause warChristina L. Davis and Krzysztof J. Pelc 17, Christina L. Davis is a Professor of Politics and International Affairs at Princeton; Krzysztof J. Pelc is an Associate Professor of Political Science at McGill University, "Cooperation in Hard Times: Self-restraint of Trade Protection," Journal of Conflict Resolution, 61(2): 398-429 AND some cases, hard times bring more, not less, international cooperation. Stopping growth solves extinction from eco collapse – decoupling is impossible even under perfect conditions, and transition dangers are overhypedHickel 18 ~Jason Hickel is an anthropologist, author, and a fellow of the Royal Society of Arts. Why Growth Can’t Be Green. Foreign Policy Magazine. September 12, 2018. https://foreignpolicy.com/2018/09/12/why-growth-cant-be-green/~~ AND crucial to not only surviving the 21st century but also flourishing in it. Decline causes transition—-crisis fundamentally changes entrenched models of growth and empowers calls for degrowthDerk Loorbach 16, director of DRIFT and Professor of Socio-economic Transitions at the Faculty of Social Science, both at Erasmus University Rotterdam, "The economic crisis as a game changer? Exploring the role of social construction in sustainability transitions," Ecology and Society, Volume 21, Issue 4, 2016, http://www.ecologyandsociety.org/vol21/iss4/art15/ AND and commodities in the production of goods (Freudenburg et al. 1995). Economic crises cause increased cooperation, not warChristopher Clary 15, Ph.D. in Political Science from MIT, Postdoctoral Fellow, Watson Institute for International Studies, Brown University, "Economic Stress and International Cooperation: Evidence from International Rivalries," April 22, 2015, http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract'id=2597712 AND detail, while also providing historical examples that these mechanisms recur in practice. | 9/19/21 |
1 - SEPTOCT - T - FWTournament: Greenhill | Round: 6 | Opponent: Holy Cross ND | Judge: Rosero, Andres Our interpretation is that the aff should defend the implementation of a topical governmental action. They don’t.Resolved means a policyWords and Phrases 64 Words and Phrases Permanent Edition. "Resolved". 1964. AND ," which is defined by Bouvier as meaning "to establish by law". "Resolved:" refers to a legislative debate.Louisiana State Legislature 16, "Glossary of Legislative Terms," http://www.legis.state.la.us/glossary2.htm AND Senate Rules 10.9, 13.5 and 15.1) The World Trade Organization is an international body that governs trade.Tarver 21 (Evan Tarver has 6+ years of experience in financial analysis and 5+ years as an author, editor, and copywriter, "World Trade Organization", Mar 1, 2021, https://www.investopedia.com/terms/w/wto.asp) Reduce means to make smaller.Cambridge Dictionary ND (https://dictionary.cambridge.org/us/dictionary/english/reduce) Intellectual property protection means protection for creative inventions.UpCounsel 20 (Law journal, June 23, 2020, https://www.upcounsel.com/intellectual-property-protection) Medicines are a treatment for illness of injuryCambridge Dictionary ND (https://dictionary.cambridge.org/us/dictionary/english/reduce) Vote Negative:1~ Predictable limits: their model has no resolutional bound and creates the possibility for literally an infinite number of 1ACs. Not debating the topic allows debaters to specialize in one area of the library for 4 years giving them a huge edge over people who switch research focus ever 2 months. They get to pick the topic ex post facto which incentivizes vague argumentation that’s not grounded in a consistent, stable mechanism – that causes a race to the margins where they’re incentivized to defend uncontestable statements like "racism bad" or "2+24." What is the disad to this aff? Black rage bad? Non-T affs force impossible neg positions.==== Counter-interpretations are arbitrary, unpredictable, and don’t solve the world of neg prep because there’s no grounding in the resolution.2~ Self-questioning – the process of researching, thinking about, and reflecting on a topic prior to debating it develops essential critical thinking and info-processing skills. Without a predictable, limited resolution that everyone is prepared to discuss, teams will resort to cognitive shortcuts and gut reactions that entrench biases. That means reading the aff on the negative solves all of your offense and you learn to understand the state in order to kritik it. NO PART of our interpretation says that you have to say that the state is good, just defend that the WTO takes a certain action3~ TVA—-A~ Legal demands don’t conflate change with progress or validate legal institutions – it’s a tactical intervention that reduces violence while exposing the contradictions within law.Spade 13 Dean Spade, associate professor of law @ Seattle University, "Intersectional Resistance and Law Reform" Signs Vol. 38, No. 4, Summer 2013 AND to lead inquiry and experimentation into transformative social justice theory and practice.1 —-B~ Read the a whole-res aff, then read that it takes out medical innovation and the MIC – and that’s good because of their durazo card.4~ Fairness is an impact –—-A~ It’s an intrinsic good – some level of competitive equity is necessary to sustain the activity – if it didn’t exist, then there wouldn’t be value to the game since judges could literally vote whatever way they wanted regardless of the competing arguments made—-B~ Probability – your ballot can’t solve their impacts but it can solve mine – debate can’t alter subjectivity, but can rectify skews—-C~ Internal link turns every impact – a limited topic promotes in-depth research and engagement which is necessary to access all of their education—-D~ Comes before substance – deciding any other argument in this debate cannot be disentangled from our inability to prepare for it – any argument you think they’re winning is a link, not a reason to vote for them, since it’s just as likely that they’re winning it because we weren’t able to effectively prepare to defeat it. This means they don’t get to weigh the aff.5~ Paradigm issues:—-A~ DTD to deter abuse, because it’s a bad model of debate, and because of 4.D – DTA is incoherent and collapses to DTD because you would drop the aff—-B~ C/I to set better norms and reasonability is arbitrary and collapses to C/I’s—-C~ No RVI’s – you can’t win for being topical and it encourages baiting theory/T – also chilling effect means lowered checks on abuse | 9/19/21 |
1 - SEPTOCT - T - Medicines NebelTournament: Loyola | Round: 1 | Opponent: Marlborough ML | Judge: Hilligoss, Derek T — Nebel – Medicines1NCInterpretation: The aff must defend that member nations reduce all intellectual property protections for medicinesThe upward entailment test and adverb test determine the genericity of a bare pluralLeslie and Lerner 16 ~Sarah-Jane Leslie, Ph.D., Princeton, 2007. Dean of the Graduate School and Class of 1943 Professor of Philosophy. Served as the vice dean for faculty development in the Office of the Dean of the Faculty, director of the Program in Linguistics, and founding director of the Program in Cognitive Science at Princeton University. Adam Lerner, PhD Philosophy, Postgraduate Research Associate, Princeton 2018. From 2018, Assistant Professor/Faculty Fellow in the Center for Bioethics at New York University. Member of the Princeton Social Neuroscience Lab.~ "Generic Generalizations." Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. April 24, 2016. https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/generics/ TG
AND perhaps better used than "usually" to mark off the generic reading.) It applies to "Medicines" – adding "generally" to the res doesn’t substantially change its meaning because the res never specified furtherVote negative:1~ Precision – they justify arbitrarily mooting words in the resolution at their own whim in order to justify some potentially good interp.Semantics outweighs:~a~ Lexical priority – it doesn’t matter if their interp if the debate is not pertinent i.e. it might me more educational for me to study for AP physics, outweighs since the topic constrains what pragmatics are relevant.~b~ Pragmatics are always subject to debate – empirically proven since there’s no consensus on whether NIBs are truly fair – but you can’t BS textual accuracy so semantics serves as an objective constraint on the aff.2~ Limits and ground – their model allows affs to defend any medicine which explodes neg prep bc theres an infinite amount I can’t prepare for, like covid-19 vaccines, influenza, common colds, Marijuana, etc. and they all bracket out different DA’s3~ TVA: Read a whole res aff with the same advantage | 9/19/21 |
1 - SEPTOCT - T - Nations NebelTournament: Greenhill | Round: 4 | Opponent: Harker KB | Judge: Theis, Chris Interpretation: member nations of the World Trade Organization is a generic bare plural. The aff may not defend that a subset of member nations ought to reduce IP protections for medicines.Nebel 19 Jake Nebel ~Jake Nebel is an assistant professor of philosophy at the University of Southern California and executive director of Victory Briefs.~ , 8-12-2019, "Genericity on the Standardized Tests Resolution," Briefly, https://www.vbriefly.com/2019/08/12/genericity-on-the-standardized-tests-resolution/ SM AND -value meaning and standard expectations about what LD resolutions tend to mean. It applies to member nations:Upward entailment test – spec fails the upward entailment test because saying "US ought to reduce IPP for medicines" doesn’t entail that all nations ought toAdverb test – adding "usually" to the res doesn’t substantially change its meaningVote neg:Semantics outweigh:Topicality is a constitutive rule of the activity and a basic aff burden, they agreed to debate the topic when they came to the tournamentJurisdiction – you can’t vote aff if they haven’t affirmed the resolutionIt’s the only stasis point we know before the round so it controls the internal link to engagement, and there’s no way to use ground if debaters aren’t prepared to defend itLimits – there are countless affs accounting for any permutation of 164 member nations that are home to vastly different pharmaceutical industries and illnesses – unlimited topics incentivize obscure affs that negs won’t have prep on – limits are key to reciprocal prep burden – potential abuse doesn’t justify foregoing the topic and 1AR theory checks PICsGround – spec guts core generics like WTO bad and the health multilateralism DA that rely on all nations reducing IP and shifts away from the core topic lit of WTO patent waivers – also means there is no universal DA to spec affsCompeting interps — reasonability is arbitrary and unpredictable and competiting interps is k2 making better models of debateNo RVIs—it's your burden to be fair and T—same reason you don't win for answering inherency or putting defense on a disad.T comes before 1ar theory—the plan is the basis for debate so any of our abuse is justified | 9/19/21 |
1 - SEPTOCT - T - ReduceTournament: Greenhill | Round: 4 | Opponent: Harker KB | Judge: Theis, Chris "Reduce" means net decrease—merely conditioning reductions isn’t topical.Waxman 82—(Speaker of the House). Harry Waxman. Public Law 87-253, Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1982, 97th US Congress, Sept 8, 1982, Lexis AND other action. which is a scheme or device to qualify for payment. When authorized to ‘reduce’ the affirmative gets to decrease or eliminate —- changing the terms is not a reductionNebraska AG 73 (Office of the Attorney General of the State of Nebraska, 1973 Neb. AG LEXIS 25)BB AND a "reduction" under Colorado Cr. R. 35(b)). Aff is a modification because it modifies existing patent protections rather than reducing it – makes it less extreme for patent protections. The aff is an offset by expansion, which is modification not reduciton.Vote neg:1—Limits—there are dozens of conditions that the aff could use to justify offsets in expansion: manufacturing, innovation, distribution, etc—makes NEG prep impossible.2—Ground—they don’t result in a tangible change to a world without IP Protections, unless the conditions are triggered—wrecks DA ground predicated on IPR goodCompeting interps — reasonability is arbitrary and unpredictable and competiting interps is k2 making better models of debateNo RVIs—it's your burden to be fair and T—same reason you don't win for answering inherency or putting defense on a disad.T comes before 1ar theory—the plan is the basis for debate so any of our abuse is justified | 9/19/21 |
1 - SEPTOCT - TH - Must Spec Reduction and IPTournament: Loyola | Round: 4 | Opponent: Acton-Boxborough BH | Judge: Mizrahi, Lena Interpretation: The affirmative must specify which intellectual property rights they reduce and to what degree they reduce them.There’s no normal means.Chopra 18, Samir. "The Idea of Intellectual Property Is Nonsensical and Pernicious: Aeon Essays." Aeon, Aeon Magazine, 12 Nov. 2018, aeon.co/essays/the-idea-of-intellectual-property-is-nonsensical-and-pernicious. Samir Choprais professor of philosophy at Brooklyn College of the City University of New York. He is the author of several books, including A Legal Theory for Autonomous Artificial Agents (2011), co-authored with Laurence White.sid AND a legally resolvable technicality; the latter sounds like an unambiguously sinful act. Reduce requires quantification.Passarello 13 – J.D. Candidate, Duke University School of Law, 2013. (Nicholas, NOTE: THE ITEM VETO AND THE THREAT OF APPROPRIATIONS BUNDLING IN ALASKA, 30 Alaska L. Rev. 125, Lexis)BB AND the amount of an appropriations item, not the descriptive language accompanying it. Violation: they don’tStandardsa~ Shiftiness – vague plan wording wrecks Neg Ground since it’s impossible to know which DAs link or which CPs are competitive since different IP’s have different implications – absent 1AC specification, the 1AR can squirrel out of links by saying they don’t effect a certain protection or they don’t reduce IP enough to trigger the link.b~ Topic Education – nuanced debates about IP requires specification since each form of IPR has specific issues related to it so generalization disincentivizes in-depth research. Topic Education is a voter since we only debate the topic for two months.Reductions Spec isn’t regressive – it’s a core discussion central to the literature, we’ve read a card proving predictability, and is a floor for topic debates.CX doesn’t check - 1~ Skews pre-round prep – key to in-depth clash, 2~ Judges don’t flow CX which makes it unverifiableEducation is a voter since it is the only portable and durable skill that influences our subject formation. Fairness is a voter since a~ debate is a game, competition equity matters proven by desire for wins, b~ is worthless without rules and equal access.Drop the debater – a~ deters future abuse through a loss and b~ set better norms for debate since you are less likely to repeat a practice you can lose forCompeting interps – ~a~ reasonability is arbitrary and encourages judge intervention since there’s no clear model of debate, ~b~ it creates a race to the top where we create the best possible norms for debate through offense ~c~ offense defense paradigm is the best method for evaluation since you can compare benefits under both interps easier.No RVIs – a~ illogical, you don’t win for proving that you meet the burden of being fair, if logic isn’t true then you should hack against them, b~ RVIs incentivize baiting theory and prepping it out which leads to maximally abusive practices | 9/19/21 |
2 - NOVDEC - CP - PoliceTournament: Apple Valley | Round: 5 | Opponent: Isidore Newman EE | Judge: Robinson, David 1A just government ought to recognize the right of workers to strike except for police officers.
Police Strikes are used to combat racial progress and attempts to limit police power. Making them legal and easier only make progress much harder.Andrew Grim 2020 What is the ‘blue flu’ and how has it increased police power? https://www.washingtonpost.com/outlook/2020/07/01/what-is-blue-flu-how-has-it-increased-police-power/ AND control of the public debate on policing and reassert their independence. Those strikes cement a police culture which leads to endless amounts of racist violence and the bolstering of the prison industrial complex.Chaney and Ray 13, Cassandra (Has a PhD and is a professor at LSU. Also has a strong focus in the structure of Black families) , and Ray V. Robertson (Also has a PhD and is a criminal justice professor at LSU). "Racism and police brutality in America." Journal of African American Studies 17.4 (2013): 480-505. SMdo I really need a card for this AND shape both intergroup dynamics and support for criminal justice policy (Leverentz 2012). | 12/2/21 |
2 - NOVDEC - DA - InfrastructureTournament: Apple Valley | Round: 1 | Opponent: Lexington JB | Judge: Palmer, Jacob DA – InfrastructureInfrastructure will pass – Biden gets it done and it is enough for climateClayton 11/4 ~Ag Policy Editor Chris Clayton has been writing and editing for DTN/The Progressive Farmer since 2005 after working more than seven years as a reporter for the Omaha World-Herald. Chris has been recognized as writer of the year by the American Agricultural Editors' Association and won story of the year multiple times from the organization. He also has won the Glenn Cunningham Agricultural Journalist of the Year Award from the North American Agricultural Journalists and served as the group's president in 2012-13. The National Farmers Union and American Coalition for Ethanol also each have named Chris communicator of the year. November 4, 2021. "Democrats move to vote on Policy agenda" https://www.dtnpf.com/agriculture/web/ag/news/article/2021/11/04/biden-reflects-urgency-get-things Accessed 11/4 gord0~ AND done, it's going to be meaningful in people's lives," McGovern said. Strengthening unions requires Biden’s political capital – PRO act provesBirenbaum 21 ~Charles S. Birenbaum serves as the firm’s Chair of Northern California and Co-Chair of the firm’s Labor and Employment Practice’s Labor-Management Relations group. Chuck is an experienced labor and employment attorney who focuses his practice on traditional labor and employment law matters, and has wide-ranging experience litigating in state and federal courts as well as various administrative agencies. March 12, 2021. "The New New Deal? U.S. House Of Representatives Passes Sweeping Labor Reform With Significant but Uncertain Future" https://www.natlawreview.com/article/new-new-deal-us-house-representatives-passes-sweeping-labor-reform-significant Accessed 10/27 gord0~ AND , ultimately become a larger priority for President Biden further into his term. Bidens PC is what got infrastructure through the senate, and its key now.Smith and Gambino 10/1 ~David Smith is the Guardian's Washington DC bureau chief. Lauren Gambino is political correspondent for Guardian US, based in Washington DC. October 1, 2021. "Biden upbeat on rare Capitol Hill visit but domestic agenda hangs in jeopardy" https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2021/oct/01/democrats-congress-biden-infrastructure-talks Accessed 10/25 gord0~ AND passed the Senate in August, with 19 Republican votes and great fanfare. Infrastructure reform solves Climate Change, extinction!USA Today 7-20 7-20-2021 "Climate change is at 'code red' status for the planet, and inaction is no longer an option" https://www.usatoday.com/story/opinion/todaysdebate/2021/07/20/climate-change-biden-infrastructure-bill-good-start/7877118002/ Elmer AND persuading others to follow our lead. Further delay is not an option. | 11/6/21 |
2 - NOVDEC - DA - TechTournament: Alta | Round: 1 | Opponent: Alta MD | Judge: Nyberg, Amy Climate tech innovation is high now and set to improve. That’s necessary to solve warming.Winkler 11/4 Amanda is the managing editor at Freethink. Prior to joining Freethink, she was a freelance filmmaker focused on issues related to foreign policy and the U.S. military. Her work has been featured on PBS and in film festivals. Before that, she was a video producer for Reason Magazine. November 4, 2021. "Climate tech is booming — and this is better news than COP26" https://www.freethink.com/environment/climate-tech-is-booming-and-this-is-better-news-than-cop26(https://www.freethink.com/environment/climate-tech-is-booming-and-this-is-better-news-than-cop26) Accessed 11/6 gord0~ AND is relevant for every single sector. And it’s the only way forward." Violent strike efforts are increasing – they slow innovation, specifically in the tech sector.Hanasoge 16 ~Chaithra; Senior Research Analyst, Market Researcher, Consumer Insights, Strategy Consulting; "The Union Strikes: The Good, the Bad and the Ugly," Supply Wisdom; April/June 2016 (Doesn’t specifically say but this is the most recent event is cites); https://www.supplywisdom.com/resources/the-union-strikes-the-good-the-bad-and-the-ugly/~~(https://www.supplywisdom.com/resources/the-union-strikes-the-good-the-bad-and-the-ugly/~~)//SJWen AND in a city like Kolkata, which carries a strong trade union culture. Workers jumping ship in favor of strikes substantially limits tech innovationLeprince-Ringuet 9/13 Daphne Leprince-Ringuet is a reporter based in London. September 13, 2021. "The shortage of tech workers is about to become an even bigger problem for everyone" https://www.zdnet.com/article/the-shortage-of-tech-workers-is-about-to-become-an-even-bigger-problem-for-everyone/(https://www.zdnet.com/article/the-shortage-of-tech-workers-is-about-to-become-an-even-bigger-problem-for-everyone/) Accessed 11/6 gord0~ AND opportunity for employees to hone their skills and prepare themselves for the future. Technology is rapidly shifting towards climate change prevention – NASA provesSmith 10/19 ~Hayley Smith. October 19, 2021. "NASA turns technology back toward Earth to focus on climate change" https://phys.org/news/2021-10-nasa-technology-earth-focus-climate.html(https://phys.org/news/2021-10-nasa-technology-earth-focus-climate.html) Accessed 11/6 gord0~ AND said. "You see how beautiful it is, but how fragile." Warming causes extinction — leads to severe weather conditions, ecosystem collapse and armed conflict.Sprat and Dunlop 19 — Spratt is Research Director for Breakthrough National Centre for Climate Restoration, Melbourne, and co-author of Climate Code Red: The case for emergency action. Dunlop is a member of the Club of Rome. Formerly an international oil, gas and coal industry executive, chairman of the Australian Coal Association, chief executive of the Australian Institute of Company Directors, and chair of the Australian Greenhouse Office Experts Group on Emissions Trading 1998-2000. (David and Ian; Published: May 2019; "Existential climate-related security risk: A scenario approach"; Breakthrough Policy Paper; Accessed: April 9, 2021; http://mycoasts.org/commons/library/2019'Spratt'Dunlop.pdf(http://mycoasts.org/commons/library/2019'Spratt'Dunlop.pdf))//CYang AND permanent shift in the relationship of humankind to nature’. (emphasis added) | 12/3/21 |
2 - NOVDEC - K - Neoliberal Legalism v1Tournament: Apple Valley | Round: 3 | Opponent: Lexington AT | Judge: Hatfield, Wyatt The "right to strike" is a tactic of neoliberal legalism and gets circumvented. The state is thus able to decide legitimate parameters for violence and insulate itself from anticapitalist action.Crépon 19 – Marc Crépon is a professor of philosophy at the École Normale Supérieure, Paris. ("The Right to Strike and Legal War in Walter Benjamin’s "Toward the Critique of Violence"," August 2019, pg. 252-253) AND be considered a nonviolent action, what Benjamin named a "pure means." Neoliberalism is unsustainable and causes extinction.von Weizsäcker and Wijkman 17 – Ernest Ulrich von Weizsäcker, Professor and Director of the United Nation Centre for Science and Technology for Development, Founder and President of the Wuppertal Institute, Member of the German Bundestag, chairing the Committees on Globalization and the Environment, Dean of the graduate School of Environmental Science and Management at the University of California, appointed Co-Chair of UNEP’s International Resource Panel, Anders Wijkman, chairman of the Swedish Association of Recycling Industries, member of the Board of the Swedish Development Authority (SIDA), appointed chair of the Swedish Cross-Party Committee on Environmental Objectives, member of the European Parliament, Assistant Secretary-General of the United Nations and Policy Director of UNDP, Secretary General of the Swedish Red Cross and Director General of the Swedish Agency for Research Cooperation with Developing Countries, Member of the Swedish Royal Academy of Sciences, the World Future Council and the International Resource Panel, 2017 ("Come On! Capitalism, Short-termism, Population and the Destruction of the Planet – A Report to the Club", November 11th, Available Online via Subscription to Springer, Accessed 03-20-2018) AND upon as high-risk assets (see Sect. 3.4). Their emphasis on communication and plan focus, especially as it pertains to circulating information about a topic concerned with democracy, intensifies communicative capitalism.*communicative capitalism, a manifestation of capitalism theorized obviously via mediums of communications, emphasizes ideas of discussion and participation that intensifies capitalist networks. Their political imaginary is concerned with democracy, which isn’t a political ideal; but a marketing slogan. Think about it! Their emphasis on openness of communication and advocacy is the same means by which companies like ATandT mobile market their products, as giving you quick access to the open exchange of ideas on the internet and social media. AND the hold of capitalism and claim the common for and as the common. It turns the case. The current juridical-political order makes strikes ineffective.White 18 – Ahmed White is Nicholas Rosenbaum Professor of Law, University of Colorado-Boulder. ("ITS OWN DUBIOUS BATTLE: THE IMPOSSIBLE DEFENSE OF AN EFFECTIVE RIGHT TO STRIKE," 2018, pg. 1127–1129) julian AND built the labor movement eighty or more years ago remain thoroughly in check. Vote neg to refuse the aff’s neoliberal legalism and endorse a democratic approach to law. This is a prerequisite to effective reform.Grewal and Purdy 17 – David Grewal, Associate Professor at Yale Law School, Jedediah Purdy, Robinson O. Everett Professor at Duke Law School, November 6th ("Law and Neoliberalism," Law and Political Economy, Available online at https://lpeblog.org/2017/11/06/law-neoliberalism/, Accessed 04-20-2019) AND in imagining the law and political economy of a democratic society of equals. | 12/2/21 |
2 - NOVDEC - K - Neoliberal Legalism v2Tournament: Apple Valley | Round: 5 | Opponent: Isidore Newman EE | Judge: Robinson, David The "right to strike" is a tactic of neoliberal legalism and gets circumvented. The state is thus able to decide legitimate parameters for violence and insulate itself from anticapitalist action.Crépon 19 – Marc Crépon is a professor of philosophy at the École Normale Supérieure, Paris. ("The Right to Strike and Legal War in Walter Benjamin’s "Toward the Critique of Violence"," August 2019, pg. 252-253) AND be considered a nonviolent action, what Benjamin named a "pure means." Neoliberalism is unsustainable and causes extinction.von Weizsäcker and Wijkman 17 – Ernest Ulrich von Weizsäcker, Professor and Director of the United Nation Centre for Science and Technology for Development, Founder and President of the Wuppertal Institute, Member of the German Bundestag, chairing the Committees on Globalization and the Environment, Dean of the graduate School of Environmental Science and Management at the University of California, appointed Co-Chair of UNEP’s International Resource Panel, Anders Wijkman, chairman of the Swedish Association of Recycling Industries, member of the Board of the Swedish Development Authority (SIDA), appointed chair of the Swedish Cross-Party Committee on Environmental Objectives, member of the European Parliament, Assistant Secretary-General of the United Nations and Policy Director of UNDP, Secretary General of the Swedish Red Cross and Director General of the Swedish Agency for Research Cooperation with Developing Countries, Member of the Swedish Royal Academy of Sciences, the World Future Council and the International Resource Panel, 2017 ("Come On! Capitalism, Short-termism, Population and the Destruction of the Planet – A Report to the Club", November 11th, Available Online via Subscription to Springer, Accessed 03-20-2018) AND upon as high-risk assets (see Sect. 3.4). Vote neg to refuse the aff’s neoliberal legalism and endorse a democratic approach to law. This is a prerequisite to effective reform.Grewal and Purdy 17 – David Grewal, Associate Professor at Yale Law School, Jedediah Purdy, Robinson O. Everett Professor at Duke Law School, November 6th ("Law and Neoliberalism," Law and Political Economy, Available online at https://lpeblog.org/2017/11/06/law-neoliberalism/, Accessed 04-20-2019) AND in imagining the law and political economy of a democratic society of equals. | 12/2/21 |
2 - NOVDEC - T - ATournament: Apple Valley | Round: 3 | Opponent: Lexington AT | Judge: Hatfield, Wyatt TInterpretation – "A" is an indefinite article – you have to prove the res true in vacuum, not one instanceCCC ND (Capital Community College Foundation; No Date Given; http://grammar.ccc.commnet.edu/grammar/determiners/determiners.htm~~#articles; "Articles, Determiners, and Quantifiers"; accessed 7/22/20; Capital Community College Foundation, a nonprofit 501 c-3 organization that supports scholarships, faculty development, and curriculum innovation) RC/HB AND former (see beagle sentence) refers to all members of that class. Text is key – the topic is the only basis for pre-rd prep – we generate links based on resolutional processesViolation – they specify (insert nation)PreferLimits – they justify tiny affs out of the more than 170 countries which explodes neg research burden and skirts neg offense – limits is k2 fairness b/c it ensures we can research quality arguments—that also means it’s k2 substantive engagement b/c we can’t learn about unlimited affs, so I’d never be able to engage your hyperspecific aff—you’d win every round. Causes the neg to be pigeonholed into generics every round.Ground – they can shift out of core generic arguments like Econ and Infrastructure – neg ground is k2 engagement bc otherwise we can’t effectively engage in the topic and moots topic education, engagement is also k2 effectively testing the aff otherwise they always win by pigeonholing the negativeTVA – read the aff as an advantage under a Whole Resolution Affirmative – pics aren’t worse bc country specific DA’s are super hard to find on this topic and theory solves because if the PIC can’t be beat, it probably skews aff strategy and limits clash. | 12/2/21 |
2 - NOVDEC - TH - Must Spec StrikeTournament: Apple Valley | Round: 5 | Opponent: Isidore Newman EE | Judge: Robinson, David Interpretation: The affirmative debater must specify the type of strike in a delineated text in the 1AC.Violation:Standards –1~ Topic lit – strikes are the core question of the topic and there’s no consensus on normal means so you must spec.Law Library AND is between unions and not between a union and the employer. This acts as a resolvability standard. Debate has to make sense and be comparable for the judge to make a decision which means it’s an independent voter and outweighs.Implications:~1~ Stable advocacy – 1AR clarification delinks neg positions that prove why enforcement in a certain instance is bad by saying it isn’t their method of enforcement – wrecks neg ballot access and kills in depth clash – CX doesn’t check since it kills 1NC construction pre-round~2~ Prep skew – I don’t know what they will be willing to clarify until CX which means I could go 6 minutes planning to read a disad and then get screwed over in CX when they spec a different funding. This means that CX can’t check because the time in between is when I should be formulating my strat and waiting until then is the abuse. Key fairness because I won’t be able to use the strat I formulated if you skewed my prep and will have a time disadvantageD. Voter*Fairness is a voter—debate is a competitive activity that requires objective evaluation. Education is a voter – it is the terminal impact of debate. Drop the debater—the abuse has already occurred and my time allocation has shifted—also the shell indicts your whole aff—justifies severance which skews my strat. Use competing interps—leads to a race to the top since we figure out the best possible norm and avoids judge intervention since there’s a clear briteline. No RVIs— AND constraint on all args because it definitionally determines whether an argument is valid. | 12/2/21 |
3 - JANFEB - CP - Chinese ASATsTournament: Emory | Round: 3 | Opponent: Harker DS | Judge: Das, Sreyaash The People’s Republic of China should ban the use and development of ASATs.Solves the Heg stuff which is reliant on ASAT development and prolif, but doesn’t link toXi – Just banning ASATs wouldn’t trigger the link because the commercial space industry can still thrive with every other weapon. Our link argument is about regime perception, not which weapons matter. | 1/28/22 |
3 - JANFEB - DA - DIBTournament: Newark | Round: 1 | Opponent: Harrison TB | Judge: Barry, Caroline The US commercial space industry is booming – private space companies are driving innovationLindzon 2/23 ~(Jared Lindzon, A FREELANCE JOURNALIST AND PUBLIC SPEAKER BORN, RAISED AND BASED IN TORONTO, CANADA. LINDZON'S WRITING FOCUSES ON THE FUTURE OF WORK AND TALENT AS IT RELATES TO TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATION) "How Jeff Bezos and Elon Musk are ushering in a new era of space startups," Fast Company, 2/23/21, https://www.fastcompany.com/90606811/jeff-bezos-blue-origin-elon-musk-spaces-space~~ TDI AND curve here. Every week that goes by we’re picking up the pace." The plan creates a restriction that encourages companies to move their operations to states with lower standardsAlbert 14 ~(Caley Albert, J.D. Loyola Marymount University) "Liability in International Law and the Ramifications on Commercial Space Launches and Space Tourism," Loyola of Los Angeles International and Comparative Law Review, 11/1/14, https://digitalcommons.lmu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1708andcontext=ilr~~ TDI AND might be drawn to "launch forum shop" outside the United States. Maintaining US space dominance requires a homegrown commercial space industry – private companies offshoring gives China the advantage they needAsteroid mining aff restricts private companies’ asteroid which is a significant financial loss AND commercial, scientific, civil, or enhancing US competitiveness for cislunar leadership. US space dominance prevents global warZubrin 15 ~(Robert Zubrin, president of Pioneer Energy, a senior fellow with the Center for Security Policy) "US Space Supremacy is Now Critical," Space News, 1/22/15, https://spacenews.com/op-ed-u-s-space-supremacy-now-critical/~~ TDI | 1/8/22 |
3 - JANFEB - DA - XiTournament: Emory | Round: 3 | Opponent: Harker DS | Judge: Das, Sreyaash Xi’s regime is stable now, but its success depends on strong growth and private sector development.Mitter and Johnson 21 ~Rana Mitter and Elsbeth Johnson, Rana Mitter is a professor of the history and politics of modern China at Oxford. Elsbeth Johnson, formerly the strategy director for Prudential PLC’s Asian business, is a senior lecturer at MIT’s Sloan School of Management and the founder of SystemShift, a consulting firm. May-June 2021, "What the West Gets Wrong About China," Harvard Business Review, https://hbr.org/2021/05/what-the-west-gets-wrong-about-china accessed 12/14/21~ Adam AND University thanks to social mobility and the party’s significant investment in scientific research. Xi has committed to the commercial space industry as the linchpin of China’s rise – the plan is seen as a complete 180Patel 21 ~Neel V. Patel, Neel is a space reporter for MIT Technology Review. 1-21-2021, "China’s surging private space industry is out to challenge the US," MIT Technology Review, https://www.technologyreview.com/2021/01/21/1016513/china-private-commercial-space-industry-dominance/ accessed 12/14/21~ Adam AND for the commercial space sector as it tries to expand," he says. Shifts in regime perception threatens CCP’s legitimacy from nationalist hardlinersWeiss 19 Jessica Weiss 1-29-2019 "Authoritarian Audiences, Rhetoric, and Propaganda in International Crises: Evidence from China" http://www.jessicachenweiss.com/uploads/3/0/6/3/30636001/19-01-24-elite-statements-isq-ca.pdf (Associate Professor of Government at Cornell University)Elmer AND to it more directly than even the U.S. government."11 Xi will launch diversionary war to domestic backlash – escalates in multiple hotspotsNorris 17, William J. Geostrategic Implications of China’s Twin Economic Challenges. CFR Discussion Paper, 2017. (Associate professor of Chinese foreign and security policy at Texas AandM University’s Bush School of Government and Public Service)Elmer AND resource is directed shifts away from industrial and export production toward domestic consumption. US–China war goes nuclear – crisis mismanagement ensures conventional escalation - extinctionKulacki 20 Dr. Gregory Kulacki focuses on cross-cultural communication between the United States and China on nuclear and space arms control and is the China Project Manager for the Global Security Program at the Union of Concerned Scientists, 2020. Would China Use Nuclear Weapons First In A War With The United States?, Thediplomat.com, https://thediplomat.com/2020/04/would-china-use-nuclear-weapons-first-in-a-war-with-the-united-states/ srey AND would never use nuclear weapons first it may not guarantee they can avoid a nuclear exchange during a military crisis, but it would make one far less likely. | 1/28/22 |
3 - JANFEB - T - AppropriationTournament: Newark | Round: 3 | Opponent: West Windsor Plainsboro HS North EL | Judge: Choi, Jeong-Wan Interpretation—-"Appropriation of outer space" by private entities refers to the exercise of exclusive control of space.TIMOTHY JUSTIN TRAPP, JD Candidate @ UIUC Law, ’13, TAKING UP SPACE BY ANY OTHER MEANS: COMING TO TERMS WITH THE NONAPPROPRIATION ARTICLE OF THE OUTER SPACE TREATY UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS LAW REVIEW ~Vol. 2013 No. 4~ AND the Bogotá Declaration were trying to accomplish, albeit through different means.219 Private appropriation for temporary usage or perusal is distinct from appropriation "of" outer space. Sovereign claims are still universally prohibited.Abigail D. Pershing, J.D. Candidate @ Yale, B.A. UChicago,’19, "Interpreting the Outer Space Treaty's Non-Appropriation Principle: Customary International Law from 1967 to Today," Yale Journal of International Law 44, no. 1 AND -out allowing appropriation of space resources once such resources have been extracted. Violation—-they defend banning the appropriation of outer space for mining activities only, which is not exclusive control.Standards—-1~ Limits—their interp means that affs about any outer space activity are topical: tourism, photography, sending rovers, collecting ice cores, launching satellites, deflecting debris, can’t sell rocks on EBAY, etc. This explodes neg prep burdens since affs are pushed to the fringes of the topic where no neg lit exists2~ Ground—they shift the controversy from sovereign domination to minute activity. The topic literature is grounded in a debate over sovereign control over space, which means core neg generics are space ownership bad, space democracy bad, not temporary resource extraction or expeditions. Their interp minimizes link uniqueness because our impacts will never be overcome the advantage.Fairness and education are voters – debate’s a game that needs rules to evaluate it and education gives us portable skills like research, its why schools fund debateDrop the debater for skewing neg prep—DTA is incoherent, if we win T that means we no longer have the burden of rejoinder.Use competing interps – reasonability invites arbitrary britelines and judge intervention. CI is a prerequisite to reasonability because you have to use offense to determine if their interp is reasonable. | 1/8/22 |
3 - JANFEB - T - PlanTournament: Newark | Round: 1 | Opponent: Harrison TB | Judge: Barry, Caroline Interpretation: Topical affirmatives may only garner offense from the hypothetical implementation by governments that The appropriation of outer space by private entities is unjustResolved requires policy actionLouisiana State Legislature (https://www.legis.la.gov/legis/Glossary.aspx) Ngong AND Senate Rules 10.9, 13.5 and 15.1) AppropriationTIMOTHY JUSTIN TRAPP, JD Candidate @ UIUC Law, ’13, TAKING UP SPACE BY ANY OTHER MEANS: COMING TO TERMS WITH THE NONAPPROPRIATION ARTICLE OF THE OUTER SPACE TREATY UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS LAW REVIEW ~Vol. 2013 No. 4~ AND the Bogotá Declaration were trying to accomplish, albeit through different means.219 Topicality is key to limits and ground—-redefining portions of the resolution permits endless reclarification AND creates incentives for avoidance—-only aligning research with agent and mechanism solves.Two impacts:1—-Fairness—-an unlimited, unpredictable topic disparately raises the research burden for the negative — treat this is a sufficient win condition because fairness is the logical structure that undergirds all impacts AND controls any benefit to debate.Dascal and Knoll ’11 ~Marcelo and Amnon; May 18th; former Professor of Philosophy at Tel Aviv University, B.A. in Philosophy from the University of Sao Paulo; former Professor of Philosophy at Tel Aviv University; Argumentation: Cognition and Community, "'Cognitive systemic dichotomization' in public argumentation and controversies," p. 20-25~ AND that they are sufficient for conducting the discussion up to a satisfactory closure. 2—-Clash—-forfeiting government action sanctions retreat from controversy and forces the negative to concede solvency before winning a link — clash is the necessary condition for distinguishing debate from discussion, but negation exists on a sliding scale — that jumpstarts the process of critical thinking, reflexivity, and argument refinement.3—-Movement Lawyering Skills – contingent, focused debates around locus points of difference are key to develop activists skills for political justice.Archer 18, Deborah N. "Political Lawyering for the 21st Century." Denv. L. Rev. 96 (2018): 399. (Associate Professor of Clinical Law at NYU School of Law)Elmer AND tools and should consider political lawyering’s potential to empower law students and communities. TVA—-States ought to ban appropriation of outer space by private actors—-Advs about why space col, expansion, and mining is antiblack.Eric Niiler 19, 7-11-2019, "Why Civil Rights Activists Protested the Moon Landing," HISTORY, https://www.history.com/news/apollo-11-moon-landing-launch-protests AND The last astronaut to walk on the moon left in December 1972.’ Switch side debate solves all of their offense—there’s no specific reason why their arguments have to be read on the aff—that solves predictability and accesses their education impact turns because plans on the aff and Ks on the neg can challenge perspectives, stances, representations, and epistemologies | 1/8/22 |
3 - JANFEB - T - UnjustTournament: Emory | Round: 3 | Opponent: Harker DS | Judge: Das, Sreyaash Interpretation – Unjust refers to a negative action – it means contrary.Blacks Law No Date "What is Unjust?" https://thelawdictionary.org/unjust/ Elmer Violation – The Aff is a positive action – it creates a new concept for Space — i.e. ~plan~Vote Neg –1~ Limits – making the topic bi-directional explodes predictability – it means that Aff’s can both increase non-exist property regimes in space AND decrease appropriation by private actors – makes the topic untenable. Their interpretation includes negative action, AND the PTD expansion Aff, DD’s OST Aff, Affs that expand the Moon Treaty or Liability Convention, and a number of other Affs that haven’t been read yet but probably will.2~ Ground – wrecks Neg Generics – we can’t say appropriation good since the 1AC can create new views on Outer Space Property Rights that circumvent our Links since they can say "Public Trust" approach solves.3~ Paradigm Issues —a~ Topicality is Drop the Debater – it’s a fundamental baseline for debate-ability.b~ Use Competing Interps – Topicality is a yes/no question, you can’t be reasonably topical and Reasonability invites arbitrary judge intervention and a race to the bottom of questionable argumentation.c~ No RVI’s - Forces the 1NC to go all-in on Theory which kills substance education, and its Illogical – you shouldn’t win for not being abusive. | 1/28/22 |
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