| Tournament | Round | Opponent | Judge | Cites | Round Report | Open Source | Edit/Delete |
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| Alta | 2 | Marlborough SK | Fang, Justin |
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| Alta | 3 | Silver Creek KZ | Alvarez, Diana |
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| Alta | 6 | Millard North YL | Crockett, Isabella |
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| Apple Valley | 2 | Marlborough SG | McLoughlin, Samantha |
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| Apple Valley | 4 | Durham RL | Zhou, Lawrence |
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| Apple Valley | 6 | St Agnes EH | StPeter, Joshua |
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| Berkeley | 2 | St Francis HU | Griffin, Khamani |
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| Berkeley | 4 | Harker GS | Ribera, Claudia |
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| Berkeley | 5 | Lynbrook MD | Dosch, Danielle |
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| CONTACT | 1 | CONTACT | CONTACT |
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| Emory | 4 | Village RB | Grigsby, Gerard |
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| Emory | 2 | Millard North NL | Bosley, Jacob |
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| Greenhill | 1 | Strake Jesuit ZD | Barcio, Aaron |
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| Greenhill | 3 | Coppell VN | Mauchline, Rachel |
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| Greenhill | 2 | BYE | BYE |
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| Greenhill | 5 | Southlake Carroll SD | Fleming, Nick |
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| Loyola | 3 | Bishops SR | Hatfield, Wyatt |
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| Loyola | 2 | Memorial SC | Sanjrani, Aashir |
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| Loyola | 5 | Kenston EJ | Hunter, Lucas |
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| NAVIGATION | 1 | NAVIGATION | NAVIGATION |
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| Newark | 2 | San Mateo YR | Chen, Victor |
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| Newark | 4 | Lexington AM | Jeong, Jonathan |
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| Newark | 5 | Harrison JC | Smith, Elijah |
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| README | 1 | README | README |
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| Tournament | Round | Report |
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| Alta | 2 | Opponent: Marlborough SK | Judge: Fang, Justin 1AC - Healthcare v3 |
| Alta | 3 | Opponent: Silver Creek KZ | Judge: Alvarez, Diana 1AC - Healthcare v4 |
| Alta | 6 | Opponent: Millard North YL | Judge: Crockett, Isabella 1AC - Healthcare v4 |
| Apple Valley | 2 | Opponent: Marlborough SG | Judge: McLoughlin, Samantha 1AC - Healthcare v1 |
| Apple Valley | 4 | Opponent: Durham RL | Judge: Zhou, Lawrence 1AC - Healthcare v2 |
| Apple Valley | 6 | Opponent: St Agnes EH | Judge: StPeter, Joshua 1AC - Healthcare v2 |
| Berkeley | 2 | Opponent: St Francis HU | Judge: Griffin, Khamani 1AC - Cosmic Quarry Colonialism |
| Berkeley | 4 | Opponent: Harker GS | Judge: Ribera, Claudia 1AC - Cosmic Quarry Colonialism v2 |
| Berkeley | 5 | Opponent: Lynbrook MD | Judge: Dosch, Danielle 1AC - Cosmic Quarry Colonialism v3 |
| Emory | 4 | Opponent: Village RB | Judge: Grigsby, Gerard 1AC - Cosmic Colonialism |
| Emory | 2 | Opponent: Millard North NL | Judge: Bosley, Jacob 1AC - Cosmic Quarry Colonialism v1 |
| Greenhill | 1 | Opponent: Strake Jesuit ZD | Judge: Barcio, Aaron 1AC - Vaccine Imperialism v2 - Disclosure |
| Greenhill | 3 | Opponent: Coppell VN | Judge: Mauchline, Rachel 1AC - Vaccine Imperialism v1 |
| Greenhill | 5 | Opponent: Southlake Carroll SD | Judge: Fleming, Nick 1AC - Vaccine Imperialism v1 |
| Loyola | 3 | Opponent: Bishops SR | Judge: Hatfield, Wyatt 1AC - Vaccine Imperialism v1 |
| Loyola | 2 | Opponent: Memorial SC | Judge: Sanjrani, Aashir 1AC - Vaccine Imperialism v1 |
| Loyola | 5 | Opponent: Kenston EJ | Judge: Hunter, Lucas 1AC Vaccine Imperialism v1 |
| Newark | 2 | Opponent: San Mateo YR | Judge: Chen, Victor 1AC - Cosmic Colonialism |
| Newark | 4 | Opponent: Lexington AM | Judge: Jeong, Jonathan 1AC - TH-Disclosure - AC-Cosmic Colonialism |
| Newark | 5 | Opponent: Harrison JC | Judge: Smith, Elijah 1AC - Cosmic Colonialism - TH-Disclosure |
To modify or delete round reports, edit the associated round.
Cites
| Entry | Date |
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0 - CONTACTTournament: CONTACT | Round: 1 | Opponent: CONTACT | Judge: CONTACT Pronouns: he/him/his or they/them/theirs; I don't have a preference Email: saulsmunn@gmail.com Let me know if there's something wrong or if there are any interps you want me to meet that my wiki doesn't fulfill. Thanks! | 9/4/21 |
0 - NAVIGATIONTournament: NAVIGATION | Round: 1 | Opponent: NAVIGATION | Judge: NAVIGATION Also: | 9/19/21 |
0 - READMETournament: README | Round: 1 | Opponent: README | Judge: README | 12/2/21 |
0 - Z - CondoTournament: Loyola | Round: 2 | Opponent: Memorial SC | Judge: Sanjrani, Aashir Condo is a voting issue for clash and argumentative responsibility by incentivizing the 2nr to go for the least covered advocacy which destroys argument development, moots 1ar responses, and allows the negative to get out of reading contradictory positions. Our interp is dispo with the condition that you can kick it if I perm. | 9/5/21 |
0 - Z - DisclosureTournament: Greenhill | Round: 1 | Opponent: Strake Jesuit ZD | Judge: Barcio, Aaron DisclInterpretation: Debaters must disclose all positions they have read full text on the 2018-2019 NDCA wiki.Violation: you didn’t, I have screenshots: they’re JPEG files, which means they’re pictures. Follow the links if you want to check me.Net benefits:1~ Education—-A~ Evidence Quality – Disclosure creates a public information database which streamlines case writing and encourages debaters to find the best evidence on the topic.Nails 13 ~(Jacob, NDT Policy Debater at Georgia State University), "A Defense of Disclosure (Including Third Party Disclosure)", NSD Update, 10/10/2013~ DD —-B~Incentivizes Research – Disclosure allows debaters to craft specific responses to their opponent’s positions which promotes deep discussion.Nails 13 ~(Jacob, NDT Policy Debater at Georgia State University), "A Defense of Disclosure (Including Third Party Disclosure)", NSD Update, 10/10/2013~ DD —-C~ Argument Responsibility – Disclosure discourages cheap shot strategies which rely on obfuscation to win rounds.Nails 13 ~(Jacob, NDT Policy Debater at Georgia State University), "A Defense of Disclosure (Including Third Party Disclosure)", NSD Update, 10/10/2013~ DD 2~ Evidence Ethics – Full text disclosure allows debaters to ensure that evidence has been accurately tagged and cut.====Tambe and Ghandra 14 ~(Arjun, ToC Quarterfinalist) and (Akhil, Three time ToC qualifier), "Evidence Ethics in LD Debate: A Proposal by Akhil Ghandra and Arjun Tambe", VBriefly, 10/24/2014~ DD 3~ Accessibility—-A~ Resource Inequality – Full text disclosure puts everyone on an equal playing field by ensuring that debaters with fewer resources can still access evidence cut from expensive online libraries and databases.—-B~ Prep Burden – Larger schools have the ability to scout more rounds at tournaments by virtue of the fact that they have larger teams and more connections on the circuit. Disclosure solves because it gives everyone access to the same intelligence.Voter: Fairness, EducationUse competing interpretations:1~ Reasonability is arbitrary which invites judge intervention or random unjustified thresholds.2~ Competing interpretations deters future abuse by creating consistent norms that debaters can be held to in the future.3~ Reasonability causes a race to the bottom where debaters try to be as abusive as possible while still remaining reasonable, which increases abuse.4~ Reasonability collapses into competing interpretations because you still need to read a counter-interp to prove that you are being reasonable.Drop the debater: AND competitive success so debaters won’t read positions if they can’t win on them. Drop all undisclosed arguments:1~ Substance crowd out – Drop the debater crowds out substantive discussion, if the ballot is at stake debaters will go all in on theory.2~ Drop the debater incentivizes frivolous theory because even cheap shot interpretation can win rounds, that kills substantive engagement.3~ Proportional – Dropping the debater overcompensates for the abuse. Dropping the argument is a more proportional punishment since it still gives them an opportunity to win the round on turns to negative position. | 9/18/21 |
0 - Z - PICs BadTournament: Loyola | Round: 2 | Opponent: Memorial SC | Judge: Sanjrani, Aashir PICs are a voting issue1~ Steals aff ground—-I have to defend a meaningless part of the affirmative against all your disads and net benefits to the counterplan—-it also makes it impossible for me to weigh the case and moots 6 minutes of speech time which kills my strat, time, and ability to win—-that outweighs.2~ Clash—-you don’t disprove the affirmative being a good idea or contest any of the offense—-you just steal my ground—-that link turns all your educational benefits to PICs. | 9/5/21 |
0 - Z - Reject Nonresolutional SpecTournament: Loyola | Round: 2 | Opponent: Memorial SC | Judge: Sanjrani, Aashir Reject non-resolutional spec shells—1~ Infinite regress: they could ask the color of the authors’ hair or the font size in each article which crowds out substance.2~ Even if they spec a word in the rez, their interp text allows infinite spec.3~ Spec bad for neg ground —- 1ACs would hyper-specify for no neg ground. At least our interp allows you to read definitions for links.4~ Arbirary and unpredictable—no definitional basis means we can’t anticipate this norm. | 9/5/21 |
0 --------------------Tournament: NAVIGATION | Round: 1 | Opponent: NAVIGATION | Judge: NAVIGATION | 9/19/21 |
1 - SEPTOCT - AC - Vaccine Imperialism v1Tournament: Loyola | Round: 2 | Opponent: Memorial SC | Judge: Sanjrani, Aashir 1AC1AC – FramingPrioritize probabilityKessler 08 (Oliver; April 2008; PhD in IR, professor of sociology at the University of Bielefeld, and professor of history and theory of IR at the Faculty of Arts; Alternatives, Vol. 33, "From Insecurity to Uncertainty: Risk and the Paradox of Security Politics" p. 211-232) AND prevail than in situations where security problems can be assessed with relative certainty. *Racism is the biggest impact – it makes all violence structurally inevitable and is the basis for all morality.Memmi 2k; Albert Memmi 2k, Professor Emeritus of Sociology @ U of Paris, Naiteire, Racism, Translated by Steve Martinot, p. 163-165 AND . True, it is a wager, but the stakes are irresistible. Large scale extinction impacts are impossible to predict – prefer impacts we know are happeningMatheson 15 (Calum Matheson – This is his PhD dissertation at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, "Desired Ground Zeros: Nuclear Imagination and the Death Drive", https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/indexablecontent/uuid:4bbcb13b-0b5f-43a1-884c-fcd6e6411fd6, pgs. 77 – 86, EmmieeM) AND case simply: "People get emotionally involved in games" (20). 1AC – AdvantageThe squo ensures vaccine imperialism – IPR are the lynchpin of North-South health inequality and have empirically resulted in disparate life outcomes, accelerating disease spread, etc.Vanni 21 – Dr. Amaka Vanni is Lecturer in Law at the University of Leeds. ("On Intellectual Property Rights, Access to Medicines and Vaccine Imperialism," 3-23-2021, https://twailr.com/on-intellectual-property-rights-access-to-medicines-and-vaccine-imperialism/) julian AND at the expense of others continues to reproduce extreme inequality with human costs. The TRIPS regime creates privileged elites with access to medicine, and locks in evergreening practices that delay generics.Vanni 21 – Dr. Amaka Vanni is Lecturer in Law at the University of Leeds. ("On Intellectual Property Rights, Access to Medicines and Vaccine Imperialism," 3-23-2021, https://twailr.com/on-intellectual-property-rights-access-to-medicines-and-vaccine-imperialism/) julian AND rising, making essential medicines inaccessible for millions of people around the world. Vaccine imperialism commodifies medicine which results in vaccine nationalism that magnifies North-South health disparities.Seklala et al 21 – Sharifah Sekalala, Warwick Law School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK; Lisa Forman, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Timothy Hodgson, International Commission of Jurists, Johannesburg, South Africa,;Moses Mulumba, Center for Health, Human Rights and Development, Kampala, Uganda; Hadijah Namyalo-Ganafa, School of Law, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda; Benjamin Mason Meier, Department of Public Policy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA ("Decolonising human rights: how intellectual property laws result in unequal access to the COVID-19 vaccine," 2021, pg. 2-4) julian AND , and thus consolidating a denial of their obligations to employ TRIPS flexibilities. Squo distribution results in disparities which leads to colonial hierarchies of health.Seklala et al 21 – Sharifah Sekalala, Warwick Law School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK; Lisa Forman, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Timothy Hodgson, International Commission of Jurists, Johannesburg, South Africa,;Moses Mulumba, Center for Health, Human Rights and Development, Kampala, Uganda; Hadijah Namyalo-Ganafa, School of Law, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda; Benjamin Mason Meier, Department of Public Policy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA ("Decolonising human rights: how intellectual property laws result in unequal access to the COVID-19 vaccine," 2021, pg. 4) julian AND depleted health systems, are forced to divert additional funds to servicing debt. It also results in intranational inequalities – politicians create hierarchies of access which feeds racism, classism, and corruption.Seklala et al 21 – Sharifah Sekalala, Warwick Law School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK; Lisa Forman, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Timothy Hodgson, International Commission of Jurists, Johannesburg, South Africa; Moses Mulumba, Center for Health, Human Rights and Development, Kampala, Uganda; Hadijah Namyalo-Ganafa, School of Law, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda; Benjamin Mason Meier, Department of Public Policy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA ("Decolonising human rights: how intellectual property laws result in unequal access to the COVID-19 vaccine," 2021, pg. 4-5) julian AND population from exercising their right to freedom of movement on an equal basis. This means COVID and future pandemics will reproduce untenable working conditions and racialized and classed life outcomes.Sell 20 – Susan K. Sell is a Professor of Political Science and International Affairs at George Washington University. ("What COVID 19 Reveals About Twenty First Century Capitalism: Adversity and Opportunity," pg. 152-153) julian AND death’ (McNamara and Newman 2020: 11; Sell and Williams 2019). The plan ensures the reduction of vaccine imperialism.Vanni 21 – Dr. Amaka Vanni is Lecturer in Law at the University of Leeds. ("On Intellectual Property Rights, Access to Medicines and Vaccine Imperialism," 3-23-2021, https://twailr.com/on-intellectual-property-rights-access-to-medicines-and-vaccine-imperialism/) julian AND countries in the global south, but also produces asymmetries that perpetuate inequalities. 1AC – PlanPlan: The member of nations of the World Trade Organization ought to eliminate patent protections for medicines.Adler 21 – Paul Adler is assistant professor of 20th Century U.S. in the World History at Colorado College and author of "No Globalization Without Representation: U.S. Activists and World Inequality," with University of Pennsylvania Press. ("Activism is the key to getting vaccines to the world," 4-23-2021, https://www.washingtonpost.com/outlook/2021/04/23/activism-is-key-getting-vaccines-world/) julian AND international governance that serve the interests of the world’s most impoverished and marginalized. Prioritize our impacts. Intellectual monopoly capitalism prioritizes profitability over health, which blurs the lines between life and death.Sell 20 – Susan K. Sell is a Professor of Political Science and International Affairs at George Washington University. ("What COVID 19 Reveals About Twenty First Century Capitalism: Adversity and Opportunity," pg. 151-152) julian AND as reflected in their request for TRIPs waivers in COVID-19 time. Status quo medical innovation results in inequality, which the aff corrects.Parthasarathy 20 – Shobita Parthasarathy is Professor of Public Policy and Director of the Science, Technology, and Public Policy Program at University of Michigan. ("Innovation Policy, Structural Inequality, and COVID-19," 2020, pg. 105-107) julian AND civic duty as it determines pricing for this promising COVID-19 drug. | 9/5/21 |
1 - SEPTOCT - AC - Vaccine Imperialism v2Tournament: Greenhill | Round: 1 | Opponent: Strake Jesuit ZD | Judge: Barcio, Aaron 1AC1AC – FramingPrioritize probabilityKessler 08 (Oliver; April 2008; PhD in IR, professor of sociology at the University of Bielefeld, and professor of history and theory of IR at the Faculty of Arts; Alternatives, Vol. 33, "From Insecurity to Uncertainty: Risk and the Paradox of Security Politics" p. 211-232) AND prevail than in situations where security problems can be assessed with relative certainty. Externally, the specific role of debate means you should vote for the debater who identifies the best strategy for resisting racist oppression.Medina 11 Medina, J. (2011). Toward a Foucaultian Epistemology of Resistance: Counter-Memory, Epistemic Friction, and Guerrilla Pluralism. Foucault Studies, 1(12), 9–35. AND of those whose marginalized lives have become the silent scars of forgotten struggles. 1AC – AdvantageThe squo ensures vaccine imperialism – IPR are the lynchpin of North-South health inequality and have empirically resulted in disparate life outcomes, accelerating disease spread, etc.Vanni 21 – Dr. Amaka Vanni is Lecturer in Law at the University of Leeds. ("On Intellectual Property Rights, Access to Medicines and Vaccine Imperialism," 3-23-2021, https://twailr.com/on-intellectual-property-rights-access-to-medicines-and-vaccine-imperialism/) julian AND at the expense of others continues to reproduce extreme inequality with human costs. The TRIPS regime creates privileged elites with access to medicine, and locks in evergreening practices that delay generics.Vanni 21 – Dr. Amaka Vanni is Lecturer in Law at the University of Leeds. ("On Intellectual Property Rights, Access to Medicines and Vaccine Imperialism," 3-23-2021, https://twailr.com/on-intellectual-property-rights-access-to-medicines-and-vaccine-imperialism/) julian AND rising, making essential medicines inaccessible for millions of people around the world. Vaccine imperialism commodifies medicine which results in vaccine nationalism that magnifies North-South health disparities.Seklala et al 21 – Sharifah Sekalala, Warwick Law School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK; Lisa Forman, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Timothy Hodgson, International Commission of Jurists, Johannesburg, South Africa,;Moses Mulumba, Center for Health, Human Rights and Development, Kampala, Uganda; Hadijah Namyalo-Ganafa, School of Law, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda; Benjamin Mason Meier, Department of Public Policy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA ("Decolonising human rights: how intellectual property laws result in unequal access to the COVID-19 vaccine," 2021, pg. 2-4) julian AND , and thus consolidating a denial of their obligations to employ TRIPS flexibilities. Squo distribution results in disparities which leads to colonial hierarchies of health.Seklala et al 21 – Sharifah Sekalala, Warwick Law School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK; Lisa Forman, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Timothy Hodgson, International Commission of Jurists, Johannesburg, South Africa,;Moses Mulumba, Center for Health, Human Rights and Development, Kampala, Uganda; Hadijah Namyalo-Ganafa, School of Law, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda; Benjamin Mason Meier, Department of Public Policy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA ("Decolonising human rights: how intellectual property laws result in unequal access to the COVID-19 vaccine," 2021, pg. 4) julian AND depleted health systems, are forced to divert additional funds to servicing debt. It also results in intranational inequalities – politicians create hierarchies of access which feeds racism, classism, and corruption.Seklala et al 21 – Sharifah Sekalala, Warwick Law School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK; Lisa Forman, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Timothy Hodgson, International Commission of Jurists, Johannesburg, South Africa; Moses Mulumba, Center for Health, Human Rights and Development, Kampala, Uganda; Hadijah Namyalo-Ganafa, School of Law, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda; Benjamin Mason Meier, Department of Public Policy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA ("Decolonising human rights: how intellectual property laws result in unequal access to the COVID-19 vaccine," 2021, pg. 4-5) julian AND population from exercising their right to freedom of movement on an equal basis. This means COVID and future pandemics will reproduce untenable working conditions and racialized and classed life outcomes.Sell 20 – Susan K. Sell is a Professor of Political Science and International Affairs at George Washington University. ("What COVID 19 Reveals About Twenty First Century Capitalism: Adversity and Opportunity," pg. 152-153) julian AND death’ (McNamara and Newman 2020: 11; Sell and Williams 2019). The plan ensures the reduction of vaccine imperialism.Vanni 21 – Dr. Amaka Vanni is Lecturer in Law at the University of Leeds. ("On Intellectual Property Rights, Access to Medicines and Vaccine Imperialism," 3-23-2021, https://twailr.com/on-intellectual-property-rights-access-to-medicines-and-vaccine-imperialism/) julian AND countries in the global south, but also produces asymmetries that perpetuate inequalities. 1AC – PlanPlan: The member nations of the World Trade Organization ought to eliminate patent protections for medicines.Adler 21 – Paul Adler is assistant professor of 20th Century U.S. in the World History at Colorado College and author of "No Globalization Without Representation: U.S. Activists and World Inequality," with University of Pennsylvania Press. ("Activism is the key to getting vaccines to the world," 4-23-2021, https://www.washingtonpost.com/outlook/2021/04/23/activism-is-key-getting-vaccines-world/) julian AND international governance that serve the interests of the world’s most impoverished and marginalized. | 9/18/21 |
3 - JANFEB - Cosmic ColonialismTournament: Newark | Round: 2 | Opponent: San Mateo YR | Judge: Chen, Victor 1AC – Cosmic Colonialism1AC1AC – Cosmic ColonialismResolved: The appropriation of outer space by private entities is unjust.The Advantage is Cosmic Colonialism.Private appropriation of outer space expands corporate colonialism.Shammas and Holen 19 ~(Victor L, a sociologist working at the Department of Sociology and Human Geography, University of Oslo; Tomas B., independent scholar in Oslo, Norway) "One giant leap for capitalistkind: private enterprise in outer space," 1-29-2019, pg. 3-5~ TDI AND space, or ‘astrosociologists' (Dickens and Ormrod, 2007a, 2007b). The insistence on outer space as corporate capital’s spatial fix accelerates environmental degradation.Shammas and Holen 19 ~(Victor L, a sociologist working at the Department of Sociology and Human Geography, University of Oslo; Tomas B., independent scholar in Oslo, Norway) "One giant leap for capitalistkind: private enterprise in outer space," 1-29-2019, pg. 6-8~ julian AND capital itself that must outlive Earth—even into the darkness of space. Environmental degradation causes extinction.Dr. Peter Kareiva 18, Ph.D. in Ecology and Applied Mathematics from Cornell University, Director of the Institute of the Environment and Sustainability at UCLA, Pritzker Distinguished Professor in Environment and Sustainability at UCLA, et al., September 2018, "Existential Risk Due To Ecosystem Collapse: Nature Strikes Back", Futures, Volume 102, p. 39-50 AND complete scientific understanding when it comes to positive feedback loops and climate change. Our internal link is reverse causal. The "spatial fix" ensures infinite environmental destruction.Shammas and Holen 19 ~(Victor L, a sociologist working at the Department of Sociology and Human Geography, University of Oslo; Tomas B., independent scholar in Oslo, Norway) "One giant leap for capitalistkind: private enterprise in outer space," 1-29-2019, pg. 5-6~ julian AND as a domain made accessible in legal, technical, and economic ways. Corporate colonialism concentrates society around collective effervescence, which effaces safeguards to capital’s negative externalities.Shammas and Holen 19 ~Victor L, a sociologist working at the Department of Sociology and Human Geography, University of Oslo; Tomas B., independent scholar in Oslo, Norway) "Capitalism and Outer Space: Replies to an Interlocutor" Dr. Victor Lund Shammas Blog, https://www.victorshammas.com/blog/2019/12/17/capitalism-and-outer-space, 12/18/2019~ RM AND terrestrial life and feed the desire for excitement and the duty of excitability. Corporate colonialism necessitates mass launch.Shammas and Holen 19 ~Victor L, a sociologist working at the Department of Sociology and Human Geography, University of Oslo; Tomas B., independent scholar in Oslo, Norway) "Capitalism and Outer Space: Replies to an Interlocutor" Dr. Victor Lund Shammas Blog, https://www.victorshammas.com/blog/2019/12/17/capitalism-and-outer-space, 12/18/2019~ RM AND rockets into space—precisely in order to preserve life here on Earth. That depletes the ozone layer, open the floodgates for existential UV floods, and leaves residual black carbon.Grush 17 ~Loren Grush, Loren Grush is a science reporter for The Verge, the technology and culture brand from Vox Media, where she specializes in all things space—from distant stars and planets to human space flight and the commercial space race. The daughter of two NASA engineers, she grew up surrounded by space shuttles and rocket scientists—literally. She is also the host of Space Craft, an original online video series that examines what it takes to send people to space. Before joining The Verge, Loren published stories in Popular Science, The New York Times, Nautilus Magazine, Digital Trends, Fox News, and ABC News.) "Why it’s time to study how rocket emissions change the atmosphere: Get the data now before the problem gets worse" The Verge, May 31, 2018~ RM AND . ====Ozone collapse causes extinction.==== AND occur again, dangerously exposing surface and shallow sea life to harmful radiation. UV floods cause extinction—no defense assumes rampant UV poisoning.Lucas et al 14 (R. M. Lucas (National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, The Australian National University, Canberra 2601, Australia, Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth 6008, Australia), M. Norval (Biomedical Sciences, University of Edinburgh Medical School, Edinburgh EH8 9AG, Scotland, UK), R. E. Neale (QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane 4029, Australia), A. R. Young (King's College London (KCL), St John's Institute of Dermatology, London SE1 9RT, UK), F. R. de Gruijl (Department of Dermatology, Leiden University Medical Centre, P.O. Box 9600, NL-2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands), Y. (Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita-shi, Akita Prefecture, Japan, National Institute for Minamata Diseases, Minamata-sh, Kumamoto Prefecture, Japan) and J. C. van der Leun (iEcofys, Kanaalweg 16G, NL-3526 KL Utrecht, The Netherlands), "The consequences for human health of stratospheric ozone depletion in association with other environmental factors", November 10th, 2014, https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlehtml/2015/pp/c4pp90033b) CS AND in preventing the development of skin cancers and actinic keratoses.212–214 That causes viruses to human bacterial genome to damage will ensure the next pandemic is existentialSupriya 4/19 ~Lakshmi Supriya got her BSc in Industrial Chemistry from IIT Kharagpur (India) and a Ph.D. in Polymer Science and Engineering from Virginia Tech (USA). She has more than a decade of global industry experience working in the USA, Europe, and India. After her Ph.D., she worked as part of the RandD group in diverse industries starting with semiconductor packaging at Intel, Arizona, where she developed a new elastomeric thermal solution, which has now been commercialized and is used in the core i3 and i5 processors. From there she went on to work at two startups, one managing the microfluidics chip manufacturing lab at a biotechnology company and the other developing polymer formulations for oil extraction from oil sands. She also worked at Saint Gobain North America, developing various material solutions for photovoltaics and processing techniques and new applications for fluoropolymers. Most recently, she managed the Indian RandD team of Enthone (now part of MacDermid) developing electroplating technologies for precious metals.) "Humans versus viruses - Can we avoid extinction in near future?" News Medical Life Sciences, 4/19/21, https://www.news-medical.net/news/20210419/Humans-versus-viruses-Can-we-avoid-extinction-in-near-future.aspx~~ RM AND the consequences may be and the next pandemic could lead us to extinction. ====Black carbon locks in widespread and dangerous pollution, which kills millions.==== AND reflecting power of a surface), warming the snow, and hastening melting. Corporate colonialism also locks the Global South out of space, which internal link turns any negative offense because it magnifies interstellar inequality.Stockwell 20 ~Sam Stockwell is a research assistant at RAND Europe working in the area of defence, security and infrastructure. His research interests include terrorism and counter-terrorism, cybersecurity, emerging technologies in conflict environments, and space security. Prior to RAND, Stockwell was a research assistant at The Henry Jackson Society, a security think tank, where he studied the impact of coronavirus on online extremist content. He has also worked with lecturers at the University of East Anglia on Brexit-related projects. Stockwell achieved a Distinction at King's College London in conflict, security and development studies, specialising in far-right terrorism and cyber security. He holds a First Class B.A. (Hons) degree in politics from the University of East Anglia, where he also received The Thomas Paine Prize in Politics for achieving consistently high marks on assignments throughout his course.) "Legal ‘Black Holes’ in Outer Space: The Regulation of Private Space Companies" E-International Relations, July 20, 2020~ RM AND ‘global commons’ is slowly turning into one of a ‘global commodity’. 1AC – FramingThe standard is maximizing expected well-being – prefer:Actor specificity – Governments must aggregate since every policy benefits some and harms others, which also means side constraints freeze action. Actor-specificity comes first since different agents have different ethical standings.====No act-omission distinction—governments are responsible for everything in the public sphere so inaction is implicit authorization of action: they have to yes/no bills, which means everything collapse to aggregation.==== Existential threats independently outweigh – all life has infinite value and extinction eliminates the possibility for future generationsGPP 17 (Global Priorities Project, Future of Humanity Institute at the University of Oxford, Ministry for Foreign Affairs of Finland, "Existential Risk: Diplomacy and Governance," Global Priorities Project, 2017, https://www.fhi.ox.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/Existential-Risks-2017-01-23.pdf, AND other cognitive biases are likely to affect the evaluation of existential risks.75 Pleasure and pain are intrinsically valuable.Moen 16 ~Ole Martin Moen, Research Fellow in Philosophy at University of Oslo "An Argument for Hedonism" Journal of Value Inquiry (Springer), 50 (2) 2016: 267–281~ SJDI AND places where we reach the end of the line in matters of value. | 1/8/22 |
3 - JANFEB - Cosmic Quarry Colonialism v1Tournament: Emory | Round: 2 | Opponent: Millard North NL | Judge: Bosley, Jacob AFF – Cosmic Quarry Colonialism1ACAC – AdvocacyResolved: The appropriation of outer space by private entities is unjust.1AC – Cosmic ColonialismAdvantage 1 is Cosmic Colonialism.Private appropriation of outer space expands corporate colonialism.Shammas and Holen 19 ~(Victor L, a sociologist working at the Department of Sociology and Human Geography, University of Oslo; Tomas B., independent scholar in Oslo, Norway) "One giant leap for capitalistkind: private enterprise in outer space," 1-29-2019, pg. 3-5~ TDI AND space, or ‘astrosociologists' (Dickens and Ormrod, 2007a, 2007b). NewSpace valorizes private property and advances a new frontier to preserve the capitalist structureJohnson ‘20 (Johnson, Matthew Robert. "Mining the high frontier: sovereignty, property and humankind’s common heritage in outer space." PhD diss., University of Technology Sydney. Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences, 2020-08-26; JPark) ~Bolded Brackets~ inserted for footnote clarity AND " of history (2001 ~n.d.~, p.35). That permanently locks the Global South out of space, magnifying inequality.Stockwell 20 ~Sam Stockwell is a research assistant at RAND Europe working in the area of defence, security and infrastructure. His research interests include terrorism and counter-terrorism, cybersecurity, emerging technologies in conflict environments, and space security. Prior to RAND, Stockwell was a research assistant at The Henry Jackson Society, a security think tank, where he studied the impact of coronavirus on online extremist content. He has also worked with lecturers at the University of East Anglia on Brexit-related projects. Stockwell achieved a Distinction at King's College London in conflict, security and development studies, specialising in far-right terrorism and cyber security. He holds a First Class B.A. (Hons) degree in politics from the University of East Anglia, where he also received The Thomas Paine Prize in Politics for achieving consistently high marks on assignments throughout his course.) "Legal ‘Black Holes’ in Outer Space: The Regulation of Private Space Companies" E-International Relations, July 20, 2020~ RM AND ‘global commons’ is slowly turning into one of a ‘global commodity’. 1AC – DetritusAdvantage 2 is DetritusAsteroid mining spikes the risk of satellite-dust collisionsScoles 15 ~~~(Sarah Scoles, freelance science writer, contributor at Wired and Popular Science, author of the books Making Contact and They Are Already Here) "Dust from asteroid mining spells danger for satellites," New Scientist, May 27, 2015, https://www.newscientist.com/article/mg22630235-100-dust-from-asteroid-mining-spells-danger-for-satellites/~~~~~~ TDI AND 30 per cent (arxiv.org/abs/1505.03800). Commercial rocket launches produce space clutter—increased debris could reach a tipping point. AND private companies are impossible to control – only space decolonization solvesThompson 20 ~(Clive, author of Coders: The Making of a New Tribe and the Remaking of the World, a columnist for Wired magazine, and a contributing writer to The New York Times Magazine) "Monetizing the Final Frontier The strange new push for space privatization," December 3, 2020 https://newrepublic.com/article/160303/monetizing-final-frontier~~ TDI AND as how a Mars colony might exist without becoming a human rights nightmare. Private space companies vastly outpace the public sector and avoid regulation which makes it a uniquely dangerous industryRauenzahn et al, 20 (The Regulatory Review, 6-6-2020, accessed on 1-14-2022, The Regulatory Review, "Regulating Commercial Space Activity | The Regulatory Review", https://www.theregreview.org/2020/06/06/saturday-seminar-regulating-commercial-space-activity/)azhang AND Seminar focuses on possible legal frameworks for governing commercial activity in outer space. Regulation does NOT solve:1~ No one says yes to taxes/finesTaylor 6 ~(Michael, LLM @ McGill University Institute of Air and Space Law), "Orbital Debris: Technical and Legal Issues and Solutions," August 2006, https://apps.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/a453419.pdf~~ TDI AND organization.443 Even then, international acceptance of this idea is unlikely. 2~ The regulations will be set too low — lack of knowledge and incentives for profiteeringSalter 16 ~(Aexander William Salter, Economics Professor at Texas Tech), "SPACE DEBRIS: A LAW AND ECONOMICS ANALYSIS OF THE ORBITAL COMMONS" 19 STAN. TECH. L. REV. 221, 2016~ TDI AND -andloss system; public-sector actors face much less rigorous constraints. Space dust wrecks satellites and debris exponentially spiralsIntagliata 17 ~~~(Christopher Intagliata, MA Journalism from NYU, Editor for NPRs All Things Considered, Reporter/Host for Scientific American’s 60 Second Science) "The Sneaky Danger of Space Dust," Scientific American, May 11, 2017, https://www.scientificamerican.com/podcast/episode/the-sneaky-danger-of-space-dust/~~~~~~ TDI —-Scenario 1 is miscalcEarly warning satellites going dark signals attacks – causes miscalc and goes nuclearOrwig 16 ~~~(Jessica, MS in science and tech journalism from Texas AandM, BS in astronomy and physics from Ohio State) "Russia says a growing problem in space could be enough to spark a war," Insider,’ January 26, 2016, https://www.businessinsider.com/russia-says-space-junk-could-spark-war-2016-1~~~~~~ TDI Anti-Satellite Weapons and Space Debris Collisions Lead to Arms Race and WarBlatt 20 Talia M. Blatt ~I am a rising sophomore at Harvard, considering a joint concentration in Social Studies and Integrative Biology with a citation in Chinese. I specialize in East Asian geopolitics and security issues~., 26.MAY.2020, "Anti-Satellite Weapons and the Emerging Space Arms Race," Harvard International Review, https://hir.harvard.edu/anti-satellite-weapons-and-the-emerging-space-arms-race/ Nuke war causes extinction – it won’t stay limitedEdwards 17 ~~~(Paul N. Edwards, CISAC’s William J. Perry Fellow in International Security at Stanford’s Freeman Spogli Institute for International Studies. Being interviewed by EarthSky/card is only parts of the interview directly from Paul Edwards.) "How nuclear war would affect Earth’s climate," EarthSky, September 8, 2017, earthsky.org/human-world/how-nuclear-war-would-affect-earths-climate~~~ TDI —-Scenario 2 is warmingEarth observation satellites key to warming adaptationMonitoring deforestation/ice caps Warming causes extinctionKlein 14~(Naomi Klein, award-winning journalist, syndicated columnist, former Miliband Fellow at the London School of Economics, member of the board of directors of 350.org), This Changes Everything: Capitalism vs. the Climate, pp. 12-14~ 1AC – FramingExtinction first —- moral uncertainty.Bostrom 12 ~(Nick Bostrom, Faculty of Philosophy and Oxford Martin School University of Oxford) "Existential Risk Prevention as Global Priority." Global Policy, 2012~ TDI Pleasure and pain are intrinsically valuable.Moen 16 ~Ole Martin Moen, Research Fellow in Philosophy at University of Oslo "An Argument for Hedonism" Journal of Value Inquiry (Springer), 50 (2) 2016: 267–281~ TDI Thus, the standard is maximizing expected well-being – prefer:1~ Actor specificity—governments must aggregate otherwise it turns their framework because of the social contract governments have with individuals | 2/20/22 |
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