| Tournament | Round | Opponent | Judge | Cites | Round Report | Open Source | Edit/Delete |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cal | 1 | Amador Valley NG | Narayanan, Aniruth |
|
|
| |
| Cal | 3 | Little Rock Central XJ | Joel Lemuel |
|
|
| |
| Cal | 5 | Saratoga AG | Nick Fleming |
|
|
| |
| Cal | Triples | American AS | Lena Mizrahi, Asher Towner, Khamani Griffin |
|
|
| |
| Cal | Octas | Northland Christian LB | Bennet Dombcik, Nick Fleming, Passa Pungchai |
|
|
| |
| Cal | Quarters | Harker RM | Danielle Dosch, Lena Mizrahi, Gerard Grigsby |
|
|
| |
| Cal | Semis | Harker DS | Mark Eusterman, Michael Eusterman, Truman Le |
|
|
| |
| Cal Round Robin | 1 | Sage MP | Joshua StPeter, Courtney Coffman |
|
|
| |
| Cal Round Robin | 2 | Archbishop Mitty AS | Chris Theis, Candis Tate |
|
|
| |
| Cal Round Robin | 5 | Mission San Jose SR | Jared Burke, Izak Gallini-Matyas |
|
|
| |
| Emory | 2 | Northland Christian LB | Bennet Dombcik |
|
|
| |
| Emory | 3 | Harker AR | Jacob Palmer |
|
|
| |
| Emory | 5 | Harker DS | Emilyn Hazelbrook |
|
|
| |
| Greenhil | 3 | Strake Jesuit JS | Alex Dumas |
|
|
| |
| Greenhil | 3 | Strake Jesuit JS | Alex Dumas |
|
|
| |
| Greenhill | 1 | Marcus JR | Arya Goel |
|
|
| |
| Greenhill | Doubles | DTHS HV | Claudia Ribera, Arya Goel, Christopher Vincent |
|
|
| |
| Greenhill | Octas | Strake Jesuit ZD | Chris Theis, David Yi, Andres Rosero |
|
|
| |
| Greenhilll | 5 | Memorial SC | Tej Gedela |
|
|
| |
| Harvard Westlake | 1 | Kelvin Meng | Elmer Yang |
|
|
| |
| Harvard Westlake | 5 | Harker AS | Vanessa Nguyen |
|
|
| |
| Harvard Westlake | 3 | Lynbrook SK | Eric Deng |
|
|
| |
| Loyola | 2 | Dwight Engelwood EK | Lena Mizrahi |
|
|
| |
| Loyola | 3 | Carnegie Vanguard SR | Danielle Dosch |
|
|
| |
| Loyola | 5 | Orange Lutheran AZ | Valorie Lam |
|
|
| |
| Loyola | Doubles | Southlake Carroll PK | Lena Mizrahi, Ben Cortez, Nathan Russell |
|
|
| |
| Meadows | 1 | Ayala AM | Lena Mizrahi |
|
|
| |
| Meadows | 3 | Harvard Westlake HM | Ben Cortez |
|
|
| |
| Meadows | 5 | Harvard-Westlake KD | Alex Baez |
|
|
| |
| NDCA | 1 | Strath Haven AM | Devin Hernandez |
|
|
| |
| NDCA | 3 | Strake Jesuit NW | Sam Anderson |
|
|
| |
| NDCA | 5 | Orange Lutheran AZ | Alexandra Mork |
|
|
| |
| NDCA | Octas | Strake Jesuit JS | Brianna Aaron, Mike Bausch, Sam Anderson |
|
|
| |
| Newark | 1 | Colonial Forge SR | Jeong-Wan Choi |
|
|
| |
| Newark | 3 | Harrison AC | Caroline Barry |
|
|
| |
| Newark | Quarters | Lexington AG | Kristen Arnold, Anshuman Mishra, Zach Siegal |
|
|
| |
| Newark | Finals | Catonsville AT | Chris Randall, Temitope Ogundare, Elijah Smith |
|
|
| |
| Penvitational | Finals | Aaron Zhang | Austin Li |
|
| ||
| Tournament of Champions | 2 | Bellarmine AK | Emmiee Malyugina |
|
|
| |
| Tournament of Champions | 4 | Memorial DX | Animesh Joshi |
|
|
|
| Tournament | Round | Report |
|---|---|---|
| Cal | 1 | Opponent: Amador Valley NG | Judge: Narayanan, Aniruth 1AC 1NC 2NR |
| Cal | 3 | Opponent: Little Rock Central XJ | Judge: Joel Lemuel 1AC 1NC 2NR |
| Cal | 5 | Opponent: Saratoga AG | Judge: Nick Fleming 1AC 1NC 2NR |
| Cal | Triples | Opponent: American AS | Judge: Lena Mizrahi, Asher Towner, Khamani Griffin 1AC 1NC |
| Cal | Octas | Opponent: Northland Christian LB | Judge: Bennet Dombcik, Nick Fleming, Passa Pungchai 1AC 1NC 2NR |
| Cal | Quarters | Opponent: Harker RM | Judge: Danielle Dosch, Lena Mizrahi, Gerard Grigsby 1AC 1NC 2NR |
| Cal | Semis | Opponent: Harker DS | Judge: Mark Eusterman, Michael Eusterman, Truman Le 1AC 1NC 2NR |
| Cal Round Robin | 1 | Opponent: Sage MP | Judge: Joshua StPeter, Courtney Coffman 1AC 1NC 2NR |
| Cal Round Robin | 2 | Opponent: Archbishop Mitty AS | Judge: Chris Theis, Candis Tate 1AC 1NC 2NR |
| Cal Round Robin | 5 | Opponent: Mission San Jose SR | Judge: Jared Burke, Izak Gallini-Matyas 1AC 1NC 2NR |
| Emory | 2 | Opponent: Northland Christian LB | Judge: Bennet Dombcik 1AC 1NC 2NR |
| Emory | 3 | Opponent: Harker AR | Judge: Jacob Palmer 1AC 1NC 2NR |
| Emory | 5 | Opponent: Harker DS | Judge: Emilyn Hazelbrook 1AC 1NC 2NR |
| Greenhil | 3 | Opponent: Strake Jesuit JS | Judge: Alex Dumas 1AC 1NC 1AR 2NR 2AR |
| Greenhil | 3 | Opponent: Strake Jesuit JS | Judge: Alex Dumas 1AC 1NC 1AR 2NR 2AR |
| Greenhill | 1 | Opponent: Marcus JR | Judge: Arya Goel 1AC 1NC 1AR 2NR 2AR |
| Greenhill | Doubles | Opponent: DTHS HV | Judge: Claudia Ribera, Arya Goel, Christopher Vincent 1AC 1NC 2NR |
| Greenhill | Octas | Opponent: Strake Jesuit ZD | Judge: Chris Theis, David Yi, Andres Rosero 1AC 1NC 2NR 2AR |
| Greenhilll | 5 | Opponent: Memorial SC | Judge: Tej Gedela 1AC 1NC 1AR 2NR 2AR |
| Harvard Westlake | 1 | Opponent: Kelvin Meng | Judge: Elmer Yang 1AC 1NC 2NR |
| Harvard Westlake | 5 | Opponent: Harker AS | Judge: Vanessa Nguyen 1AC 1NC 2NR |
| Harvard Westlake | 3 | Opponent: Lynbrook SK | Judge: Eric Deng 1AC 1NC 2NR |
| Loyola | 2 | Opponent: Dwight Engelwood EK | Judge: Lena Mizrahi 1AC 1NC 2NR |
| Loyola | 3 | Opponent: Carnegie Vanguard SR | Judge: Danielle Dosch 1AC 1NC 2NR |
| Loyola | 5 | Opponent: Orange Lutheran AZ | Judge: Valorie Lam 1AC 1NC 1AR 2NR 2AR |
| Loyola | Doubles | Opponent: Southlake Carroll PK | Judge: Lena Mizrahi, Ben Cortez, Nathan Russell 1AC 1NC 1AR 2NR 2AR |
| Meadows | 1 | Opponent: Ayala AM | Judge: Lena Mizrahi 1AC - Evergreening |
| Meadows | 3 | Opponent: Harvard Westlake HM | Judge: Ben Cortez 1AC - COVID |
| Meadows | 5 | Opponent: Harvard-Westlake KD | Judge: Alex Baez 1AC - COVID |
| NDCA | 1 | Opponent: Strath Haven AM | Judge: Devin Hernandez 1AC 1NC 2NR |
| NDCA | 3 | Opponent: Strake Jesuit NW | Judge: Sam Anderson 1AC 1NC 2NR |
| NDCA | 5 | Opponent: Orange Lutheran AZ | Judge: Alexandra Mork 1AC 1NC 2NR |
| NDCA | Octas | Opponent: Strake Jesuit JS | Judge: Brianna Aaron, Mike Bausch, Sam Anderson 1AC 1NC 2NR |
| Newark | 1 | Opponent: Colonial Forge SR | Judge: Jeong-Wan Choi 1AC 1NC 2NR |
| Newark | 3 | Opponent: Harrison AC | Judge: Caroline Barry 1AC 1NC 2NR |
| Newark | Quarters | Opponent: Lexington AG | Judge: Kristen Arnold, Anshuman Mishra, Zach Siegal 1AC 1NC 2NR |
| Newark | Finals | Opponent: Catonsville AT | Judge: Chris Randall, Temitope Ogundare, Elijah Smith 1AC 1NC 2NR |
| Tournament of Champions | 2 | Opponent: Bellarmine AK | Judge: Emmiee Malyugina 1AC 1NC 2NR |
| Tournament of Champions | 4 | Opponent: Memorial DX | Judge: Animesh Joshi 1AC 1NC 2NR |
To modify or delete round reports, edit the associated round.
Cites
| Entry | Date |
|---|---|
0 -- Contact InformationTournament: Penvitational | Round: Finals | Opponent: Aaron Zhang | Judge: Austin Li FB Messenger *For Disclosure* | 9/4/21 |
1 -- Th -- A Prioris BadTournament: Greenhil | Round: 3 | Opponent: Strake Jesuit JS | Judge: Alex Dumas | 9/21/21 |
1 -- Th -- A Prioris BadTournament: Greenhil | Round: 3 | Opponent: Strake Jesuit JS | Judge: Alex Dumas | 9/21/21 |
JANFEB - CP - Broadband PICTournament: Harvard Westlake | Round: 3 | Opponent: Lynbrook SK | Judge: Eric Deng Text: The appropriation of outer space by private corporations is unjust except for satellite broadband services.Starlink is key to rural broadband expansionWeinschenk 2/25 ~(Carl, IT and telecom journalist for Telecompetitor, Teleco Transformation, and IT Business Edge) "Report: Starlink Looks Very Promising for Rural Broadband," Telecompetitor, 2/25/2021~ JL AND wrote Sascha Segan, author of the PCMag article about Startlink rural speeds. Broadband is key to precision agriculture transitionABI 19 ~(American Broadband Initiative, a leading force in driving changes across Federal Agencies to identify and remove barriers to broadband access and leverage public assets and resources to expand our Nation’s broadband infrastructure capacity.) "A Case for Rural Broadband," The United States Department of Agriculture, 4/2019~ BC AND training resources and high-skilled labor that has not been previously available. Food insecurity causes state collapse, nuclear war, and terror – extinctionDeFeo 17 ~(Michael, Regional Organizing Director at Arizona Democratic Party who graduated in 2019 with a bachelor’s degree in political science from Gettysburg College) "Food Insecurity and the Threat to Global Stability and Security in the 21st Century" Inquires Journal, 2017~ BC AND to curb mass starvation and avoid the horrendous violence that consumes starving countries. | 1/16/22 |
JANFEB - CP - Consult NATOTournament: Cal Round Robin | Round: 5 | Opponent: Mission San Jose SR | Judge: Jared Burke, Izak Gallini-Matyas NATO says yes – appropriation is bad, and NATO is uniquely defensive and cooperative with I-Law. | 2/19/22 |
JANFEB - CP - Debris CleanupTournament: Cal | Round: 5 | Opponent: Saratoga AG | Judge: Nick Fleming “Debris free” incentive solves the case without having to share SSA data. | 2/20/22 |
JANFEB - CP - Debris PICTournament: NDCA | Round: Octas | Opponent: Strake Jesuit JS | Judge: Brianna Aaron, Mike Bausch, Sam Anderson
2. States should 3. The International Telecommunication Union should rule that SpaceX may not launch more satellites into outer space. | 4/11/22 |
JANFEB - CP - Equitable DistributionTournament: Newark | Round: Finals | Opponent: Catonsville AT | Judge: Chris Randall, Temitope Ogundare, Elijah Smith CP Text: Member nations of the Outer Space Treaty of 1967 should equitably distribute all resources harvested and exploited in outer space between all signatory nations. Solves all proximate aff impactsShammas and Holen 19 ~Victor L. Shammas -X, Tomas B. Holen- X) "Capitalism and Outer Space: Replies to an Interlocutor" Dr. Victor Lund Shammas Blog, https://www.victorshammas.com/blog/2019/12/17/capitalism-and-outer-space, 12/18/2019~ RM AND natural gas fields. Profits from space enterprise should benefit all of humankind. | 1/9/22 |
JANFEB - CP - Global Con ConTournament: Newark | Round: 3 | Opponent: Harrison AC | Judge: Caroline Barry States ought to call a global constitutional convention and establish a constitution reflecting intergenerational concern with exclusive authority to ban appropriation of outer space by private entities and bind participating bodies to its result by forefronting an ethic of incommensurabilityThat solves the aff – it addresses shared anxieties while building political consensusGardiner 14 1 ~Stephen M. Gardiner, Professor of Philosophy and Ben Rabinowitz Endowed Professor of Human Dimensions of the Environment at the University of Washington, Seattle, "A Call for a Global Constitutional Convention Focused on Future Generations," 2014, Ethics and International Affairs, Vol. 28, Issue 3, pp. 299-315, https://doi.org/10.1017/S0892679414000379, EA~ AND do better, would be a central issue for discussion by the convention. It spills over to foster broader intergenerational representation, but independence is keyGardiner 14 2 ~Stephen M. Gardiner, Professor of Philosophy and Ben Rabinowitz Endowed Professor of Human Dimensions of the Environment at the University of Washington, Seattle, "A Call for a Global Constitutional Convention Focused on Future Generations," 2014, Ethics and International Affairs, Vol. 28, Issue 3, pp. 299-315, https://doi.org/10.1017/S0892679414000379, EA~ AND waste) but also the need to identify similar threats before they arise. Proactive measures mitigate a laundry list of emerging catastrophic risks – extinctionBeckstead et al. 14 ~Nick Beckstead, Nick Bostrom, Niel Bowerman, Owen Cotton-Barratt, William MacAskill, Seán Ó hÉigeartaigh, Toby Ord, * Future of Humanity Institute, University of Oxford, Director, Future of Humanity Institute, University of Oxford, * Global Priorities Project, Centre for Effective Altruism; Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Global Priorities Project, Centre for Effective Altruism; Future of Humanity Institute, University of Oxford, * Uehiro Centre for Practical Ethics, University of Oxford, Cambridge Centre for the Study of Existential Risk; Future of Humanity Institute, University of Oxford, * Programme on the Impacts of Future Technology, Oxford Martin School, University of Oxford, "Policy Brief: Unprecedented Technological Risks," 2014, The Global Priorities Project, The Future of Humanity Institute, The Oxford Martin Programme on the Impacts of Future Technology, and The Centre for the Study of Existential Risk, https://www.fhi.ox.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/Unprecedented-Technological-Risks.pdf, Accessed: 03/13/21, EA~ AND in the near future, even if no such breakthroughs currently appear imminent. Maintaining sustainable use of outer space is key to future generationsIslam 18 ~Mohammad Saiful Islam, Mohammad works for the Institute of Advanced Judicial Studies and the Beijing Institute of Technology. 4-27-2018, "The Sustainable Use of Outer Space: Complications and Legal Challenges to the Peaceful Uses and Benefit of Humankind," Beijing Law Review, https://www.scirp.org/journal/paperinformation.aspx?paperid=85201 accessed 12/12/21~ Adam AND over-exploitation of resources and environmental havoc (Fountain, 2002) . Competes - Resolved requires policy actionLouisiana State Legislature (https://www.legis.la.gov/legis/Glossary.aspx) Ngong AND Senate Rules 10.9, 13.5 and 15.1) | 1/8/22 |
JANFEB - CP - REMTournament: Harvard Westlake | Round: 1 | Opponent: Kelvin Meng | Judge: Elmer Yang | 1/15/22 |
JANFEB - DA - DIBTournament: Cal | Round: Triples | Opponent: American AS | Judge: Lena Mizrahi, Asher Towner, Khamani Griffin 1NC – DADIB The US commercial space industry is booming – private space companies are driving innovation.Lindzon 2/23 ~(Jared Lindzon, A FREELANCE JOURNALIST AND PUBLIC SPEAKER BORN, RAISED AND BASED IN TORONTO, CANADA. LINDZON'S WRITING FOCUSES ON THE FUTURE OF WORK AND TALENT AS IT RELATES TO TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATION) "How Jeff Bezos and Elon Musk are ushering in a new era of space startups," Fast Company, 2/23/21, https://www.fastcompany.com/90606811/jeff-bezos-blue-origin-elon-musk-spaces-space~~ TDI AND curve here. Every week that goes by we’re picking up the pace." The plan creates a restriction that encourages companies to move their operations to states with lower standardsAlbert 14 ~(Caley Albert, J.D. Loyola Marymount University) "Liability in International Law and the Ramifications on Commercial Space Launches and Space Tourism," Loyola of Los Angeles International and Comparative Law Review, 11/1/14, https://digitalcommons.lmu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1708andcontext=ilr~~ TDI AND might be drawn to "launch forum shop" outside the United States. Maintaining US space dominance requires a homegrown commercial space industry – private companies offshoring gives China the advantage they needCahan and Sadat 1/6 ~(Bruce Cahan, J.D) (Dr. Mir Sadat, ) "US Space Policies for the New Space Age: Competing on the Final Economic Frontier," based on Proceedings from State of the Space Industrial Base 2020 Sponsored by United States Space Force, Defense Innovation Unit, United States Air Force Research Laboratory, 1/6/21, https://www.politico.com/f/?id=00000177-9349-d713-a777-d7cfce4b0000~~ TDI AND commercial, scientific, civil, or enhancing US competitiveness for cislunar leadership. US space dominance prevents global warZubrin 15 ~(Robert Zubrin, president of Pioneer Energy, a senior fellow with the Center for Security Policy) "US Space Supremacy is Now Critical," Space News, 1/22/15, https://spacenews.com/op-ed-u-s-space-supremacy-now-critical/~~ TDI AND desire peace on Earth, we need to prepare for war in space. | 2/21/22 |
JANFEB - DA - InnovationTournament: Newark | Round: Quarters | Opponent: Lexington AG | Judge: Kristen Arnold, Anshuman Mishra, Zach Siegal Space Commercialization drives Tech Innovation in the Status Quo – it provides a unique impetus.Hampson 17 Joshua Hampson 1-25-2017 "The Future of Space Commercialization" https://republicans-science.house.gov/sites/republicans.science.house.gov/files/documents/TheFutureofSpaceCommercializationFinal.pdf (Security Studies Fellow at the Niskanen Center)Elmer AND to global networks, and new opportunities could lead to wider economic growth. Strong Innovation solves Extinction.Matthews 18 Dylan Matthews 10-26-2018 "How to help people millions of years from now" https://www.vox.com/future-perfect/2018/10/26/18023366/far-future-effective-altruism-existential-risk-doing-good (Co-founder of Vox, citing Nick Beckstead @ Rutgers University)Re-cut by Elmer AND far future, then effective altruism just becomes plain ol’ do-goodery. | 1/9/22 |
JANFEB - DA - JCPOATournament: Cal | Round: 5 | Opponent: Saratoga AG | Judge: Nick Fleming Iranian proliferation goes nuclear – causes regional war and spurs proliferation cascades across the Middle East Nuclear war causes extinction – famine and climate change While it is impossible to precisely predict all the human impacts that would result from a nuclear winter, it is relatively simple to predict those which would be most profound. That is, a nuclear winter would cause most humans and large animals to die from nuclear famine in a mass extinction event similar to the one that wiped out the dinosaurs. The scientists who completed the most recent peer-reviewed studies on nuclear winter discovered that the sunlight would heat the smoke, producing a self-lofting effect that would not only aid the rise of the smoke into the stratosphere (above cloud level, where it could not be rained out), but act to keep the smoke in the stratosphere for 10 years or more. The longevity of the smoke layer would act to greatly increase the severity of its effects upon the biosphere. | 2/20/22 |
JANFEB - DA - MiningTournament: Cal | Round: Triples | Opponent: American AS | Judge: Lena Mizrahi, Asher Towner, Khamani Griffin 1NC – DAAsteroid mining is starting now. New legal frameworks and massive investments bring it closer than you think-but we need to focus on maintaining progressGilbert 4/26 Alex Gilbert, 4-26-2021, "Mining in Space Is Coming," Milken Institute Review, https://www.milkenreview.org/articles/mining-in-space-is-coming//SJJK AND , we’ll need new agreements to facilitate private investment and ensure international cooperation. Asteroid Mining key to prevent terrestrial mining and solve warming.MacWhorter 16 ~Kevin; J.D. Candidate, William and Mary Law School, "Sustainable Mining: Incentivizing Asteroid Mining in the Name of Environmentalism", William and Mary Environmental Law and Policy Review, Vol 40, Issue 2, Article 11, https://scholarship.law.wm.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?referer=https://www.google.com/andhttpsredir=1andarticle=1653andcontext=wmelpr~~ brett AND of mining need not be sacrificed for the sake of the environment.38 Extinction—contrary models are incorrect.Specktor 19 ~Brandon; 6/4/19; Writes about the science of everyday life for Live Science, and previously for Reader's Digest magazine, where he served as an editor for five years; "Human Civilization Will Crumble by 2050 If We Don't Stop Climate Change Now, New Paper Claims," livescience, https://www.livescience.com/65633-climate-change-dooms-humans-by-2050.html~~ Justin AND and perhaps "the end of human global civilization as we know it." | 2/21/22 |
JANFEB - DA - Space ColonizationTournament: Harvard Westlake | Round: 1 | Opponent: Kelvin Meng | Judge: Elmer Yang 1NC – DAWe’ll colonize space within 15 yearsPettit 21 ~(Harry, Senior Digital Technology and Science Reporter, a science and technology reporter at MailOnline, Harry Pettit joined The Sun in December 2018. He holds an undergrad degree in Physiology from the University of Manchester and a Master’s degree in Science Communication from Imperial College London.), "Humans could move to ‘floating asteroid belt colony’ within 15 years," NYPost, 1/20/2021, https://nypost.com/2021/01/20/humans-could-move-to-floating-asteroid-belt-colony-within-15-years/~~ TDI AND sunlight onto the habitat for the growth of crops and other plant life. Space col happensKennedy 19 Fred, 12-18, (I am currently the President of Momentus, a space transportation company located in the San Francisco Bay Area, a member of multiple space company advisory boards, and a member of the Guiding Coalition for the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics ASCEND event. I served as the inaugural Director of the Defense Department’s Space Development Agency during 2019, and led the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency’s Tactical Technology Office from 2017 to 2019. I served as a senior advisor for space and aviation in the White House Office of Science and Technology Policy in 2016. I retired from the Air Force as a colonel after a 23-year career in space and airborne system engineering and acquisition. I received my Ph.D. from the University of Surrey for work on small satellite propulsion systems. Following my departure from the government, I worked as an executive at Astra, a small rocket company in Alameda, California. At Forbes, my interest areas include the accelerating pace of technological change, the impact of the private sector’s primacy in technology investment, and how civil, defense, and commercial interests will increasingly work together over the coming decades to build new ecosystems on earth and in space) "To Colonize Space Or Not To Colonize: That Is The Question (For All Of Us)," Forbes, https://www.forbes.com/sites/fredkennedy/2019/12/18/to-colonize-or-not-to-colonize—that-is-the-question-for-all-of-us/?sh=3118b432367f AND solar system in its natural state, a celestial Antarctica stretching beyond Neptune. Private sector space col is k2 broad space colonization.Diakovska and Aliieva 20 ~Halyna Diakovska and Olga Aliieva, Ph.D.s in Philosophy, Associate Professors, Donbass State Pedagogical University, "Consequentialism and Commercial Space Exploration," 2020, Philosophy and Cosmology, Vol. 24, pp. 5-24, https://doi.org/10.29202/phil-cosm/24/1, EA~ AND is integrated into the international legal field and is governed by its laws. Massive spillover effects – solves resources, boosts international cooperation, and eliminates every existential risk.Green 21 ~Brian Patrick Green, director of technology ethics at the Markkula Center for Applied Ethics, Santa Clara University, "Space Ethics," 2021, Rowman, pp. 4-5~ AND . This is a dire fate, but less terrible than the first. | 1/15/22 |
JANFEB - DA - StarlinkTournament: Cal Round Robin | Round: 1 | Opponent: Sage MP | Judge: Joshua StPeter, Courtney Coffman | 2/19/22 |
JANFEB - DA - Xi LashoutTournament: Newark | Round: 3 | Opponent: Harrison AC | Judge: Caroline Barry Xi’s regime is stable now, but its success depends on strong growth and private sector development.Mitter and Johnson 21 ~Rana Mitter and Elsbeth Johnson, Rana Mitter is a professor of the history and politics of modern China at Oxford. Elsbeth Johnson, formerly the strategy director for Prudential PLC’s Asian business, is a senior lecturer at MIT’s Sloan School of Management and the founder of SystemShift, a consulting firm. May-June 2021, "What the West Gets Wrong About China," Harvard Business Review, https://hbr.org/2021/05/what-the-west-gets-wrong-about-china accessed 12/14/21~ Adam AND University thanks to social mobility and the party’s significant investment in scientific research. Xi has committed to the commercial space industry as the linchpin of China’s rise – the plan is seen as a complete 180Patel 21 ~Neel V. Patel, Neel is a space reporter for MIT Technology Review. 1-21-2021, "China’s surging private space industry is out to challenge the US," MIT Technology Review, https://www.technologyreview.com/2021/01/21/1016513/china-private-commercial-space-industry-dominance/ accessed 12/14/21~ Adam AND for the commercial space sector as it tries to expand," he says. Shifts in regime perception threatens CCP’s legitimacy from nationalist hardlinersWeiss 19 Jessica Weiss 1-29-2019 "Authoritarian Audiences, Rhetoric, and Propaganda in International Crises: Evidence from China" http://www.jessicachenweiss.com/uploads/3/0/6/3/30636001/19-01-24-elite-statements-isq-ca.pdf (Associate Professor of Government at Cornell University)Elmer AND to it more directly than even the U.S. government."11 Xi will launch diversionary war to domestic backlash – escalates in multiple hotspotsNorris 17, William J. Geostrategic Implications of China’s Twin Economic Challenges. CFR Discussion Paper, 2017. (Associate professor of Chinese foreign and security policy at Texas AandM University’s Bush School of Government and Public Service)Elmer AND resource is directed shifts away from industrial and export production toward domestic consumption. ====US–China war goes nuclear – crisis mis-management ensures conventional escalation - extinction==== AND during a military crisis, but it would make one far less likely. | 1/8/22 |
JANFEB - Phil - KantTournament: NDCA | Round: 3 | Opponent: Strake Jesuit NW | Judge: Sam Anderson Contention –1~ Libertarianism mandates a market-oriented approach to space—that negatesBroker 20 ~(Tyler, work has been published in the Gonzaga Law Review, the Albany Law Review and the University of Memphis Law Review.) "Space Law Can Only Be Libertarian Minded," Above the Law, 1-14-20, https://abovethelaw.com/2020/01/space-law-can-only-be-libertarian-minded/~~ TDI AND fidelity to a set of laws made possible, in such an existence. 2~ Property rights in space can be consistent with international lawSimberg 12 ~(Rand, MSE in technical management from West Coast University, recognized as an expert in space transportation by the Office of Technology Assessment) "Homesteading the Final Frontier A Practical Proposal for Securing Property Rights in Space," Competitive Enterprise Institute, April 2012, https://cei.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/04/Rand-Simberg-Homesteading-the-Final-Frontier.pdf~~ TDI AND provides support for the concept of individual claims off planet under Article II. 3~ Space appropriation and exploration originates from private companies such as Space X and Blue Origin. Preventing such is a restriction on the ability of companies to set and pursue their ends and these companies gain contracts with the government for projects which turns promise breaking offense.4) we have literally never met an ET or a living organism on space, which means there is no agent that has exercised their property rights. C) homesteading principle – it’s the only non-arbitrary mechanism to determine who has property rights – even on Earth. There’s no clear reason why space is different from any undiscovered island on Earth, which might even have living organisms.5~ their evidence never isolates a clear and binding promise between private entities and OST, it’s talking about national appropriation. and if anything, it’s a loophole which actually negates. Also proves that private entities aren’t violating any laws Recut we read yellow1AC Wisaeus 17 Per Wisaeus JURM02 Graduate Thesis Graduate Thesis, Master of Laws program 30 higher education credits Supervisor: Moa De Lucia Dahlbeck Semester of graduation: Period 1 Autumn semester 2017 "Our future march on Mars – a walk on a well-known path" FACULTY OF LAW Lund University https://lup.lub.lu.se/student-papers/record/8930484/file/8933833.pdf SJMS Recut Nato recut again AND Article II OST would once again be an obstacle for the appropriation.139 | 4/9/22 |
JANFEB - T - AppropriationTournament: Newark | Round: 1 | Opponent: Colonial Forge SR | Judge: Jeong-Wan Choi Interpretation: The "appropriation of outer space" by private entities refers to the exercise of exclusive control of space.TIMOTHY JUSTIN TRAPP, JD Candidate @ UIUC Law, ’13, TAKING UP SPACE BY ANY OTHER MEANS: COMING TO TERMS WITH THE NONAPPROPRIATION ARTICLE OF THE OUTER SPACE TREATY UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS LAW REVIEW ~Vol. 2013 No. 4~ AND the Bogotá Declaration were trying to accomplish, albeit through different means.219 Private appropriation of extracted space resources is distinct from appropriation "of" outer space. Despite longstanding permission of appropriation of extracted resources, sovereign claims are still universally prohibited.Abigail D. Pershing, J.D. Candidate @ Yale, B.A. UChicago,’19, "Interpreting the Outer Space Treaty's Non-Appropriation Principle: Customary International Law from 1967 to Today," Yale Journal of International Law 44, no. 1 AND -out allowing appropriation of space resources once such resources have been extracted. Violation: Banning the appropriation of outer space for ~asteroid mining~ is not sovereign claim.Standards:1~ Limits—any outer space activity is topical under their interp: tourism, photography, sending rovers, can’t sell rocks on EBAY, which explodes neg prep burdens since outer space activity is so vague. No generics exist to answer both the photography and the rovers aff, so fringe impacts dominate.2~ Ground—they shift core topic controversy from sovereign claims to minute space activity. The topic lit is about private entities’ sovereignty over space, which means core DAs like space democracy bad or colonialism bad don’t link to temporary extraction. Their interp minimizes link uniqueness because our disad impacts can’t overcome the advantage. Predictability first—it link turns their depth standards b/c debates foremost require engagement.Vote neg for fairness and education – debate’s a game that needs rules to evaluate and education is why schools fund it.Drop the debater on T—DTA is incoherent, if we win T that means we no longer have the burden of rejoinder.Use competing interps – reasonability invites arbitrary britelines and judge intervention based on personal BS meter. | 1/8/22 |
JANFEB - T - Extra T LeasingTournament: Cal Round Robin | Round: 5 | Opponent: Mission San Jose SR | Judge: Jared Burke, Izak Gallini-Matyas They are Extra-Topical: The Aff establishes International Outer Space Authority, which is more than appropriation bad – it “parallels” the International Seabed Authority under UNCLOS -- that controls State AND private company exploitation which goes beyond the resolution. It is also responsible for rent, fund instruction and other unknown provisions. Lastly, the US won’t sign on so even if they’re topical, no solvency. Peninsula Inserts Vote Neg for limits and ground – they explode the number of Affs on the topic by allowing for external offense and create the OSA which can make new provisions of space that still regulate property rights – which is their solvency advocate – zero’s all DA’s and means perm do the CP always wins since the Aff is an advantage counterplan which makes debates impossible for the Negative because that is unpredictable. No PTX in a vacuum – you said you will defend the stuff our violation is based off “We’ll defend a leasing regime operationalized by the UN Committee on Peaceful Uses of Outer Space (COPUOS) which should establish an International Outer Space Authority (IOSA). Forbidding appropriation through the end of permanent and exclusive claim over asteroids allows the streamlining and regulation of exploitation that provides the secure foundation for private space activities – the alternative is an ad-hoc CIL regime that decks legal certainty.” and it leads to the Aff putting all the words in the res in the plan text to meet T while defending distinct proposals to get out of DA’s. Determine violations based off their solvency evidence and what they say they’ll defend in the 1AC. Competing Interps – Topicality is a yes/no question, you can’t be reasonably topical and Reasonability invites arbitrary judge intervention and a race to the bottom of questionable argumentation. | 2/19/22 |
JANFEB - T - ExtratopicalityTournament: Newark | Round: Finals | Opponent: Catonsville AT | Judge: Chris Randall, Temitope Ogundare, Elijah Smith Interp – the aff must only defend that the private appropriation of outer space is unjustViolation – they defend escaping the economy and embracing transational societyVote neg for limits and ground: extra-topicality allows them to tack on infinite planks to artificially improve aff solvency and spike out of DA impacts—e.g., impacts to the economy. Also key to education and advocacy – they never have to test their aff against well-researched objections which o/w since it's the only portable skill in debate.Fairness is a voter—-judge’s constitutive role is to evaluate the better debater—-that’s impossible if the round is skewed. Education is a voter—-it’s the only portable skill we get from debating. Drop the debater a~ key to deter abusive practices e.g. ellipses and b~ round has been irreparably skewed. Use competing interps—-a~ reasonability’s arbitrary and forces judge intervention b~ normsetting—-we find the best possible norms c~ reasonability collapses—-you use offense/defense paradigm to evaluate brightlines. No RVIs—-a~ illogical—-you shouldn’t win for defending the topic b~ baiting—they’ll bait theory and prep it out—justifies infinite abuse. T outweighs theory—a~ timeframe—3 weeks to set my norms, they can set theirs anytime b~ my abuse was necessary to check their original abuse of reading a non-T aff. | 1/9/22 |
JANFEB - T - FrameworkTournament: Harvard Westlake | Round: 3 | Opponent: Lynbrook SK | Judge: Eric Deng Interpretation: Topical affirmatives may only garner offense from the hypothetical implementation by governments that the appropriation of outer space by private entities is unjust. Any 1AR reclarification or spin is still extra T which equally links to our offense.Resolved requires policy actionLouisiana State Legislature (https://www.legis.la.gov/legis/Glossary.aspx) Ngong AND Senate Rules 10.9, 13.5 and 15.1) AppropriationTIMOTHY JUSTIN TRAPP, JD Candidate @ UIUC Law, ’13, TAKING UP SPACE BY ANY OTHER MEANS: COMING TO TERMS WITH THE NONAPPROPRIATION ARTICLE OF THE OUTER SPACE TREATY UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS LAW REVIEW ~Vol. 2013 No. 4~ AND the Bogotá Declaration were trying to accomplish, albeit through different means.219 Topicality is key to limits and ground—-redefining portions of the resolution permits endless reclarification AND creates incentives for avoidance—-only aligning research with agent and mechanism solves.Two impacts:1—-Fairness—-an unlimited, unpredictable topic disparately raises the research burden for the negative — treat this is a sufficient win condition because fairness is the logical structure that undergirds all impacts AND controls any benefit to debate.Dascal and Knoll ’11 ~Marcelo and Amnon; May 18th; former Professor of Philosophy at Tel Aviv University, B.A. in Philosophy from the University of Sao Paulo; former Professor of Philosophy at Tel Aviv University; Argumentation: Cognition and Community, "'Cognitive systemic dichotomization' in public argumentation and controversies," p. 20-25~ AND that they are sufficient for conducting the discussion up to a satisfactory closure. 2—-Clash—-forfeiting government action sanctions retreat from controversy and forces the negative to concede solvency before winning a link — clash is the necessary condition for distinguishing debate from discussion, but negation exists on a sliding scale — that jumpstarts the process of critical thinking, reflexivity, and argument refinement.TVA—-Only the one piece of offense they read, if that’s all they defend we get a linkSwitch side debate solves all of their offense—there’s no specific reason why their arguments have to be read on the aff—that solves predictability and accesses their education impact turns because plans on the aff and Ks on the neg can challenge perspectives, stances, representations, and epistemologies. | 1/16/22 |
JANFEB - T - ImplementTournament: Newark | Round: 3 | Opponent: Harrison AC | Judge: Caroline Barry Interpretation – the affirmative should defend the hypothetical implementation of a governmental policy that designates appropriation of outer space by private entities as unjust.Resolved requires policy actionLouisiana State Legislature (https://www.legis.la.gov/legis/Glossary.aspx) Ngong AND Senate Rules 10.9, 13.5 and 15.1) Violation—CX proves they don’t defend policy implementationAt best they’re Extra-T, which is a voter for Limits since they can add any amount of infinite planks to the aff to solve for all neg arguments, or Effects-T which is worse, since any small aff can spill up to the res.First, competitive equity –Vote negative to preserve limits and equitable division of ground – the resolution is the most predictable stasis point for debates, anything outside of that ruins prep and clash by allowing the affirmative to pick any grounds for debate. That greenlights a race away from the core topic controversies that allow for robust contestation, which favors the aff by making neg ground inapplicable, susceptible to the perm, and concessionary. Two additional impacts:Accessibility – Cutting negs to every possible aff wrecks small schools, which has a disparate impact on under-resourced and minority debaters. Counter-interpretations are arbitrary, unpredictable, and don’t solve the world of neg prep because there’s no grounding in the resolutionLink turns their education offense – getting to the third and fourth level of tactical engagement is only possible with refined and well-researched positions connected to the resolutional mechanism. Repeated debates over core issues incentivize innovative argument production and improved advocacy based on feedback and nuanced responses from opponents.D~ Fairness is an impact – ~1~ it’s an intrinsic good – some level of competitive equity is necessary to sustain the activity – if it didn’t exist, then there wouldn’t be value to the game since judges could literally vote whatever way they wanted regardless of the competing arguments made ~2~ probability – your ballot can’t solve their impacts but it can solve mine – debate can’t alter subjectivity, but can rectify skews ~3~ comes before substance – deciding any other argument in this debate cannot be disentangled from our inability to prepare for it – any argument you think they’re winning is a link, not a reason to vote for them, since it’s just as likely that they’re winning it because we weren’t able to effectively prepare to defeat it. This means they don’t get to weigh the aff.Vote negative – A~ this procedurally evaluates whether their model is good, which is a prior question B~ they can’t get offense: we don’t exclude them, only persuade you that our methodology is best. Every debate requires a winner and loser, so voting negative doesn’t reject them from debate, it just says they should make a better argument next time. | 1/8/22 |
JANFEB - T - Outer SpaceTournament: Cal Round Robin | Round: 1 | Opponent: Sage MP | Judge: Joshua StPeter, Courtney Coffman Outer space starts 372 miles above the surface of earth. Large constellations occupy the area below space The Kármán line is arbitrary – no legal international definition Violation: 342 miles is less than the 372 miles necessary to be considered outer space; they explicitly defend only LEO Vote neg: 1 Limits and ground: the aff interpretation explodes the topic to allow any aff about space generally which structurally alters the neg research burden because there’s a qualitative difference between outer space and the atmosohere. Kills core neg generics like space col bad and mining that don’t link if you specify a part of space 2 Precision – Justifies the aff arbitrarily doing away with words in the resolution - Even if its not drop the debater, this implicates solvency independently. Use competing interps - Topicality is a binary question, you can’t be reasonably topical and it invites a race to the bottom of intervention Drop the debater – dropping the argument doesn’t rectify abuse since winning T proves why we don’t have the burden of rejoinder against their aff. No RVIS – it’s your burden to be topical | 2/19/22 |
JANFEB - T - Spec AppropriationTournament: Cal | Round: Octas | Opponent: Northland Christian LB | Judge: Bennet Dombcik, Nick Fleming, Passa Pungchai | 2/21/22 |
JANFEB - T - UnjustTournament: Cal | Round: Quarters | Opponent: Harker RM | Judge: Danielle Dosch, Lena Mizrahi, Gerard Grigsby 1NC – TInterpretation – Unjust refers to a negative action – it means contrary.Blacks Law No Date "What is Unjust?" https://thelawdictionary.org/unjust/ Elmer Violation – The Aff is a positive action – it compels the restriction of private asteroid mining.Vote Neg –1~ Limits – making the topic bi-directional explodes predictability – it means that Aff’s can both increase non-exist property regimes in space AND decrease appropriation by private actors – makes the topic untenable. Their interpretation includes negative action, AND the PTD expansion Aff, DD’s OST Aff, Affs that expand the Moon Treaty or Liability Convention, and a number of other Affs that haven’t been read yet but probably will.2~ Ground – wrecks Neg Generics – we can’t say appropriation good since the 1AC can create new views on Outer Space Property Rights that circumvent our Links since they can say "Public Trust" approach solves. | 2/21/22 |
SEPTOCT - CP - China AdvTournament: Greenhil | Round: 3 | Opponent: Strake Jesuit JS | Judge: Alex Dumas 1NC – CP:Text: China should prohibit the transfer of humanitarian aid and vaccines to Latin America. China should cease all relations with Latin America. | 9/21/21 |
SEPTOCT - CP - China AdvTournament: Greenhil | Round: 3 | Opponent: Strake Jesuit JS | Judge: Alex Dumas 1NC – CP:Text: China should prohibit the transfer of humanitarian aid and vaccines to Latin America. China should cease all relations with Latin America. | 9/21/21 |
SEPTOCT - CP - Medicinal InequalityTournament: Loyola | Round: 5 | Opponent: Orange Lutheran AZ | Judge: Valorie Lam CP: "Member nations of the WTO" should declare medical inequality a national emergency based on oppression and issue compulsory licenses for relevant medicines. Member nations should offer regulatory and legal assistance to nations filing a compulsory license.It’s goldilocks - protects patents while allowing urgent access – the perm or the aff shatters IP protections while the CP strikes an accepted balanceBacchus 2020 (James, Adjunct Fellow, Cato Institute, former U.S. Representative (D-FL), and former Chairman, World Trade Organization’s Appellate Body. "An Unnecessary Proposal: A WTO Waiver of Intellectual Property Rights for COVID-19 Vaccines," Cato https://www.cato.org/free-trade-bulletin/unnecessary-proposal-wto-waiver-intellectual-property-rights-covid-19-vaccines~~#balancing-ip-rights-access-medicines-not-new-wto December 16, 2020)DR 21 AND balance in these rules between upholding IP rights and fulfilling immediate domestic needs. Compulsory licensing solves access and spills over to distribution of green tech - empirics and past precedentAT: Can’t manufacture—can import from foreign firms AND in accordance with the relevant rules set forth in the TRIPS Agreement.311 Diffusion occurs and solves climate. The issue is inexperience and lack of political willAt: WTO backlash- CL for climate now, just from U.S. AND country like India does not have much capability in climate change mitigation technologies. Balancing patent protection with rapid transfer of green tech is the only way to solve climate changeProbst et al. 2021 (Benedict Probst, University of Cambridge. PhD on economics of clean energy transition from the University of Cambridge. Simon Touboul, MINES Paris Tech, PSL University, Matthieu Glachant MINES ParisTech and Antoine Dechezleprête, OECD. "Global Trends in the Innovation and Diffusion of Climate Change Mitigation Technologies," pre-print under review in Nature Portfolio. https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-266803/v1 Last updated Feb. 2021)DR 21 AND Africa, Brazil, and Russia – is critical to mitigating climate change. Short-term action to mitigate climate change solves extinction and nuclear warPester 8/30/21 (Patrick, staff writer for Live Science. His background is in wildlife conservation and he has worked with endangered species around the world. Patrick holds a master's degree in international journalism from Cardiff University in the U.K. and is currently finishing a second master's degree in biodiversity, evolution and conservation in action at Middlesex University London. Citing Luke Kemp, a research associate at the Centre for the Study of Existential Risk at the University of Cambridge in the United Kingdom AND Michael Mann, PhD, distinguished professor of atmospheric science at Penn State. "Could climate change make humans go extinct?" https://www.livescience.com/climate-change-humans-extinct.html August 30, 2021)DR 21 AND . If we act boldly now, we can avoid the worst impacts." | 9/5/21 |
SEPTOCT - CP - NanomedicinesTournament: Meadows | Round: 1 | Opponent: Ayala AM | Judge: Lena Mizrahi CP – OffText: The member nations of the World Trade Organization should reduce intellectual property protections for all medicines, except Nanomedicines, by implementing a one-and-done approach for patents and exclusivity protections for patent originators.IPR key to Nanotechnology production – our ev is pharma specific and indicates that nanotech requires a competitive advantage that is impossible without IPSiri et al 20 ~Siri, Jothiratna G S et al. "Nanotechnology and Protection of Intellectual Property: Emerging Trends." Recent patents on nanotechnology vol. 14,4 (2020): 307-327. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32532198/ Accessed 9/23 gord0~ AND countries in patent filing is yet to emerge which foreshadows an IP divide. Secondary patents are required to get treatments and products off the groundStanwood 16 ~Ken Stanwood is CTO of WiLAN, Inc. where he oversees WiLAN’s engineering staff. One of his primary responsibilities is running WiLAN’s university technology transfer program which includes helping universities spin out startups. Mr. Stanwood transitioned into his role of CTO after having served as President and CEO of WiLAN Labs, the research and development arm of WiLAN, Inc. which focused on developing solutions to fundamental issues facing next generation wireless communications and cloud computing. Mr. Stanwood has extensive experience in Broadband Wireless technology development including protocol and algorithm development, intellectual property, and standardization. He has been in the communications industry for over 35 years. As an entrepreneur and inventor, he has founded two startups and holds more than 145 issued US patents. August 17, 2016. "Benefit of the Secondary Patent Market to Startups" https://www.ipwatchdog.com/2016/08/17/benefit-secondary-patent-market-startups/id=71999/ Accessed 10/24 gord0~ AND to the benefits patents provide a startup by protecting their market and products. Nanotech needs to get off the ground – they’re in the early daysStankova 15 ~Desislava Stankova. January 30, 2015. "The Future of Nanotechnology In Medicine" http://elaw.guide/future-nanotechnology-medicine/ Accessed 10/24 gord0~ AND nano applications, but mostly focus on specific applications and challenges regarding nanomedicine. Nanomedicines solve diseaseUnderstanding Nano 07 ~Understanding Nano. 2007. "Nanotechnology in Medicine - Nanoparticles in Medicine" https://www.understandingnano.com/medicine.html~~#:~~:text=One20application20of20nanotechnology20in20medicine20currently20being,cells2C20which20allows20direct20treatment20of20those20cells. Accessed 9/23 gord0~ AND tests have shown that injection of these synthetic platelets significantly reduces blood loss. Extinction – virulence and fatality ratesPiers Millett 17, Consultant for the World Health Organization, PhD in International Relations and Affairs, University of Bradford, Andrew Snyder-Beattie, "Existential Risk and Cost-Effective Biosecurity", Health Security, Vol 15(4), http://online.liebertpub.com/doi/pdfplus/10.1089/hs.2017.0028 AND , and available vectors, could be modified as well.19-2 | 10/31/21 |
SEPTOCT - CP - Royalty RatesTournament: Loyola | Round: 2 | Opponent: Dwight Engelwood EK | Judge: Lena Mizrahi 1NC – CPCP Text: Vaccine developers should enter into binding contractual agreements with generic producers to ensure the quality of generic products and establish royalty rates on generic sales. The member nations of the WTO should publicly declare their support of legitimate compulsory licensees in the cases where voluntary requests have been ignored.Silverman 3/15 ~Rachel Silverman is a policy fellow at the Center for Global Development where she leads policy-oriented research on global health financing and incentive structures. Silverman’s current research focuses on the practical application of results-based financing; global health transitions; efficient global health procurement; innovation models for global health; priority-setting for UHC; alignment and impact in international funding for family planning; and strategies to strengthen evidence and accountability. BA with distinction in international relations and economics from Stanford University.) "Waiving vaccine patents won’t help inoculate poorer nations" Washington Post, PostEverything Perspective, https://www.washingtonpost.com/outlook/2021/03/15/vaccine-coronavirus-patents-waive-global-equity/~~ RM AND intellectual-property rights, that will get us to the finish line. | 9/4/21 |
SEPTOCT - CP - Secondary PatentsTournament: Greenhilll | Round: 5 | Opponent: Memorial SC | Judge: Tej Gedela 1NC – CPStates should add more stringent requirements for filing secondary patents for medicines as outlined by 1NC NewsomeRequirements:Utility requirement through increased efficacy AND the underlying purpose of the drug - to treat cancer - remains unaffected. Solves innovationNewsome 17, A ~(JD candidate George Washington School of Law). (2017). Side effects of evergreening may include decreased competition and increased prices in the pharmaceutical industry. AIPLA Quarterly Journal, 45(4), 791-822~ Justin AND companies to enter the marketplace sooner and drive prices down through competition. 5 | 9/19/21 |
SEPTOCT - CP - Tech TransferTournament: Meadows | Round: 3 | Opponent: Harvard Westlake HM | Judge: Ben Cortez Member nations of the World Trade Organization, except the United States, should reduce intellectual property protections for COVID-19 medicines, as per the request by India and South Africa to the WTO.The USFG should:Supply multinational pharmaceutical corporations with generous financial inducements to build vaccine production capacity throughout the worldCreate a network of producers to vaccinate individuals abroadPass legislation that limits shareholder suitsStrip existing patents from companies that do not comply with capacity-building strategies through tech transferKay et. al. 5/13 ~Tamara Kay is a sociologist studying trade, global health and globalization at the Keough School of Global Affairs, University of Notre Dame. Adnan Naseemullah is an international relations scholar at King's College London. Susan Ostermann is a political scientist at the Keough School of Global Affairs, Notre Dame and a former attorney at O'Melveny and Myers LLP, specializing in intellectual property law.) "Waiving patents isn't enough — we need technology transfer to defeat COVID" The Hil, Opinion Contributors: Healthcare, 5/13/21, 2:01 PM EDT, https://thehill.com/opinion/healthcare/553368-waiving-patents-isnt-enough-we-need-technology-transfer-to-defeat-covid?rl=1~~ RM AND reason why other countries cannot follow in India’s footsteps with the right support. 3Biotech is the new frontier; America is ahead but China is dangerously closeGupta 6/11 ~Gaurav Gupta, Biotech Investor, Founder of Ascendant BioCapital, a life science investment firm based in New York. Previously, Gaurav worked at OrbiMed Advisors, and served as a resident in neurological surgery at Columbia University Medical Center. He has co-authored over a dozen articles in peer-reviewed journals, filed a patent on a device for use in spine surgery, and edited a book on the technical and ethical implications of using tissue engineered products in the operating room. Dr. Gupta obtained his M.D. from the Stanford University School of Medicine, where he was a Paul and Daisy Soros Fellow, and B.S. and M.S.E. in biomedical engineering from Johns Hopkins University, where he was a Charles R. Westgate Scholar.) "As Washington Ties Pharma’s Hands, China Is Leaping Ahead" Barron’s Magazine: Commentary, China., 6/11/2021~ RM AND protecting, rather than undermining, the global dominance of our biotechnology industry. | 10/31/21 |
SEPTOCT - DA - BioterrorTournament: Loyola | Round: 2 | Opponent: Dwight Engelwood EK | Judge: Lena Mizrahi Biotech is the new frontier; America is ahead but China is dangerously closeGupta 6/11 ~Gaurav Gupta, Biotech Investor, Founder of Ascendant BioCapital, a life science investment firm based in New York. Previously, Gaurav worked at OrbiMed Advisors, and served as a resident in neurological surgery at Columbia University Medical Center. He has co-authored over a dozen articles in peer-reviewed journals, filed a patent on a device for use in spine surgery, and edited a book on the technical and ethical implications of using tissue engineered products in the operating room. Dr. Gupta obtained his M.D. from the Stanford University School of Medicine, where he was a Paul and Daisy Soros Fellow, and B.S. and M.S.E. in biomedical engineering from Johns Hopkins University, where he was a Charles R. Westgate Scholar.) "As Washington Ties Pharma’s Hands, China Is Leaping Ahead" Barron’s Magazine: Commentary, China., 6/11/2021~ RM AND protecting, rather than undermining, the global dominance of our biotechnology industry. The plan recapitulates IP to China, destroying competitive advantagesWSJ 5/6 ~Wall Street Journal Editorial Board, WSJ Opinion Philosophy: "We speak for free markets and free people, the principles, if you will, marked in the watershed year of 1776 by Thomas Jefferson's Declaration of Independence and Adam Smith's "Wealth of Nations." So over the past century and into the next, the Journal stands for free trade and sound money; against confiscatory taxation and the ukases of kings and other collectivists; and for individual autonomy against dictators, bullies and even the tempers of momentary majorities." Edited by Paul A. Gigot and Daniel Henninger, "Biden’s Vaccine IP Debacle: His patent heist is a blow to the Covid fight and U.S. biotech." The WSJ Opinion: Review and Outlook, May 6, 2021~ RM AND a signal around the world that nobody’s intellectual property is safe in America. China biotech heg causes a laundry list of impactsMoore 19 Scott Moore - Director of the Penn Global China Program at the University of Pennsylvania, Young Professional and Water Resources Management Specialist at the World Bank Group, and Environment, Science, Technology, and Health Officer for China at the U.S. Department of State, Giorgio Ruffolo Post-Doctoral Research Fellow with the Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs at Harvard University, Truman, Fulbright, and Rhodes Scholar., Foreign Policy, "China's Genetic Experiments Are Pushing Ethical Limits", NOVEMBER 8, 2019, 2:53 PM, https://foreignpolicy.com/2019/11/08/cloning-crispr-he-jiankui-china-biotech-boom-could-transform-lives-destroy-them/ - BD AND face the limits of its ability to solve the problem on its own. China will leapfrog the US through biotech primacyCumbers 20 ~John Cumbers, "I am the founder and CEO of SynBioBeta, the leading community of innovators, investors, engineers, and thinkers who share a passion for using synthetic biology to build a better, more sustainable universe. I publish the weekly SynBioBeta Digest, host the SynBioBeta Podcast, and wrote "What’s Your Biostrategy?", the first book to anticipate how synthetic biology is going to disrupt virtually every industry in the world. I also founded BetaSpace, a space settlement innovation network and community of visionaries, technologists, and investors accelerating the industries needed to sustain human life here and off-planet. I’ve been involved with multiple startups, I am an operating partner and investor at the hard tech investment fund Data Collective, and I'm a former bioengineer at NASA. I earned my PhD in Molecular Biology, Cell Biology, and Biochemistry from Brown University and am originally from the UK.") "China’s Plan To Beat The U.S. In The Trillion-Dollar Global Bioeconomy" Forbes, 2/3/2020~ RM AND engineering biology a national priority, anything is possible in the new bioeconomy. Heg solves arms races, land grabs, rogue states, and great power warBrands 18 ~Hal, Henry Kissinger Distinguished Professor at Johns Hopkins University's School of Advanced International Studies and a senior fellow at the Center for Strategic and Budgetary Assessments." American Grand Strategy in the Age of Trump." Page 129-133~ AND Russian and Chinese modernization efforts are now creating a far more competitive environment. | 9/4/21 |
SEPTOCT - DA - Bioterror v2Tournament: Loyola | Round: 5 | Opponent: Orange Lutheran AZ | Judge: Valorie Lam Biotech is the new frontier; America is ahead but China is dangerously closeGupta 6/11 ~Gaurav Gupta, Biotech Investor, Founder of Ascendant BioCapital, a life science investment firm based in New York. Previously, Gaurav worked at OrbiMed Advisors, and served as a resident in neurological surgery at Columbia University Medical Center. He has co-authored over a dozen articles in peer-reviewed journals, filed a patent on a device for use in spine surgery, and edited a book on the technical and ethical implications of using tissue engineered products in the operating room. Dr. Gupta obtained his M.D. from the Stanford University School of Medicine, where he was a Paul and Daisy Soros Fellow, and B.S. and M.S.E. in biomedical engineering from Johns Hopkins University, where he was a Charles R. Westgate Scholar.) "As Washington Ties Pharma’s Hands, China Is Leaping Ahead" Barron’s Magazine: Commentary, China., 6/11/2021~ RM AND protecting, rather than undermining, the global dominance of our biotechnology industry. The plan recapitulates IP to China, destroying competitive advantagesWSJ 5/6 ~Wall Street Journal Editorial Board, WSJ Opinion Philosophy: "We speak for free markets and free people, the principles, if you will, marked in the watershed year of 1776 by Thomas Jefferson's Declaration of Independence and Adam Smith's "Wealth of Nations." So over the past century and into the next, the Journal stands for free trade and sound money; against confiscatory taxation and the ukases of kings and other collectivists; and for individual autonomy against dictators, bullies and even the tempers of momentary majorities." Edited by Paul A. Gigot and Daniel Henninger, "Biden’s Vaccine IP Debacle: His patent heist is a blow to the Covid fight and U.S. biotech." The WSJ Opinion: Review and Outlook, May 6, 2021~ RM AND a signal around the world that nobody’s intellectual property is safe in America. China biotech heg causes a laundry list of impactsMoore 19 Scott Moore - Director of the Penn Global China Program at the University of Pennsylvania, Young Professional and Water Resources Management Specialist at the World Bank Group, and Environment, Science, Technology, and Health Officer for China at the U.S. Department of State, Giorgio Ruffolo Post-Doctoral Research Fellow with the Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs at Harvard University, Truman, Fulbright, and Rhodes Scholar., Foreign Policy, "China's Genetic Experiments Are Pushing Ethical Limits", NOVEMBER 8, 2019, 2:53 PM, https://foreignpolicy.com/2019/11/08/cloning-crispr-he-jiankui-china-biotech-boom-could-transform-lives-destroy-them/ - BD AND face the limits of its ability to solve the problem on its own. Bioterror causes extinction – the tech exists and overcomes their impact defenseMillett and Snyder-Beattie ‘17 ~(Piers Millett: Ph.D., Senior Research Fellow, Future of Humanity Institute, University of Oxford. Andrew Snyder-Beattie: M.S., Director of Research, Future of Humanity Institute, University of Oxford.) " Existential Risk and Cost-Effective Biosecurity," Health Security, 15(4), 08-01-2017, https://www.liebertpub.com/doi/full/10.1089/hs.2017.0028~~ TDI AND and Japan using plague to cause an epidemic in China during WWII.27 | 9/5/21 |
SEPTOCT - DA - Infrastructure vs EvergreeningTournament: Meadows | Round: 1 | Opponent: Ayala AM | Judge: Lena Mizrahi DA – OffInfrastructure will pass now – dems are just touching up detailsDuehren 10/29 ~Andrew Duehren covers Congress and U.S. politics from The Wall Street Journal's Washington bureau. October 29, 2021. "Democrats Tackle Final Details of Biden’s $1.85 Trillion Framework" https://www.wsj.com/articles/democrats-tackle-final-details-of-bidens-1-85-trillion-framework-11635536447 Accessed 10/29 gord0~ The plan decks PC that could be used on infrastructureBhadrakumar 5/11 ~M.K. Bhadrakumar is a former Indian diplomat. May 11, 2021. "Why Biden’s Vaccine IP Waiver is Political Theatre" https://www.counterpunch.org/2021/05/11/why-bidens-vaccine-ip-waiver-is-political-theatre/ Accessed 8/27 gord0~ Biden’s PC is what got it through the Senate, and its key now.Smith and Gambino 10/1 ~David Smith is the Guardian's Washington DC bureau chief. Lauren Gambino is political correspondent for Guardian US, based in Washington DC. October 1, 2021. "Biden upbeat on rare Capitol Hill visit but domestic agenda hangs in jeopardy" https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2021/oct/01/democrats-congress-biden-infrastructure-talks Accessed 10/25 gord0~ Infrastructure reform solves Existential Climate Change – it results in spill-over.USA Today 7-20 7-20-2021 "Climate change is at 'code red' status for the planet, and inaction is no longer an option" https://www.usatoday.com/story/opinion/todaysdebate/2021/07/20/climate-change-biden-infrastructure-bill-good-start/7877118002/ Elmer | 10/31/21 |
SEPTOCT - DA - Infrastructure vs WeedTournament: Loyola | Round: Doubles | Opponent: Southlake Carroll PK | Judge: Lena Mizrahi, Ben Cortez, Nathan Russell Infrastructure passes given recent changes, but its closePramuk 8/24 ~Jacob, Digital politics reporter at CNBC. August 24, 2021. "House Democrats clear path toward passing $3.5 trillion budget bill and infrastructure plan after breaking stalemate" https://www.cnbc.com/2021/08/24/house-passes-budget-resolution-advances-infrastructure-bill.html Accessed 8/27 gord0~ AND the Democratic plan would increase inflation, which White House officials have disputed. Cannabis legislation costs Biden floortime and kills bipartisanship.Roberts '21 (Chris Roberts; Chris Roberts is an award-winning investigative reporter with bylines in VICE, The Daily Beast, The Guardian, The Verge, Curbed, Forbes, SF Weekly, and others; 2-7-2021; "On Marijuana Reform, Joe Biden Will Disappoint You"; https://whowhatwhy.org/opinion/on-marijuana-reform-joe-biden-will-disappoint-you/, WhoWhatWhy, accessed 9-6-2021; JPark) AND over itself to avoid hearing during the 2022 midterms. And it shows. Bill key to prevent infrastructure disaster from Grid CollapsePPG, 3/4/2021 (MAR 4, 2021 9:00 PM, Pittsburgh Post-Gazette Editorial Board. Invest in infrastructure. March 4, 2021. https://www.post-gazette.com/opinion/editorials/2021/03/05/Invest-in-infrastructure/stories/202102270028, recut by JMP) AND at America’s foundations. Until this happens, society stands on shifting sands. Grid collapse causes extinction.Greene ’19 ~Sherrell R.; Nuclear Engineering M.S. degrees from the University of Tennessee, recognized subject matter expert in nuclear reactor safety, nuclear fuel cycle technologies, and advanced reactor concept development, worked at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) for over three decades, as Director of Research Reactor Development Programs and Director of Nuclear Technology Programs; "Enhancing Electric Grid, Critical Infrastructure, and Societal Resilience with Resilient Nuclear Power Plants (rNPPs)," Nuclear Technology 205(3), https://ans.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/00295450.2018.1505357?needAccess=true recut gord0~ AND simultaneously, and with or without coordinated physical attacks on Critical Infrastructure assets. | 9/6/21 |
SEPTOCT - DA - InnovationTournament: Loyola | Round: 2 | Opponent: Dwight Engelwood EK | Judge: Lena Mizrahi Biotech RandD is set for high growth and investment nowNASDAQ 8/9 ~NASDAQ is a stock market index that includes almost all stocks listed on the Nasdaq stock exchange. Along with the Dow Jones Industrial Average and SandP 500, it is one of the three most-followed stock market indices in the United States. This article was written by NASDAQ contributors and published on CNBC. The editorial staff of CNBC did not contribute to the creation of this study.) "Why the Nasdaq Biotechnology Index is poised for a run of sustainable growth" CNBC, NASDAQ, 8/9/2021, https://www.cnbc.com/advertorial/2021/08/09/why-the-nasdaq-biotechnology-index-is-poised-for-a-run-of-sustainable-growth-.html~~ RM AND researchers, scientists, and business leaders in this space will accomplish next." IPR protections are key to sustain healthcare investments and manufacturing. Independently, it’s key to broader vaccine production.Roberts 6/25/21 ~James M. Roberts is a Research Fellow for Economic Freedom and Growth at the Heritage Foundation. Roberts' primary responsibility as one of The Heritage Foundation's lead experts in economic freedom and growth is to edit the Rule of Law and Monetary Freedom sections of Index of Economic Freedom. An influential annual analysis of the economic climate of countries throughout the world, the Index is co-published by Heritage and The Wall Street Journal.) "Biden’s OK of Global Theft of America’s Intellectual Property is Wrong, Dangerous." 6/25/2021, The Heritage Foundation, Commentary—Public Health~ RM AND agenda driven voices in this debate and reverses course on the TRIPS waiver. COVID was a precursor to deadlier pandemics—vaccine production will determine everything.Lander 8/4/21 ~Eric Lander, President Biden’s Science Advisory and Director of the White House Office of Science and Technology Policy) "Opinion: As bad as Covid-19 has been, a future pandemic could be even worse—unless we act now" 8/4/21, The Washington Post~ RM AND It’s hard to imagine a higher economic or human return on national investment. Ecosystem sensitivity from climate change means future pandemics will cause extinction—assumes COVIDSupriya 4/19 ~Lakshmi Supriya got her BSc in Industrial Chemistry from IIT Kharagpur (India) and a Ph.D. in Polymer Science and Engineering from Virginia Tech (USA). She has more than a decade of global industry experience working in the USA, Europe, and India. After her Ph.D., she worked as part of the RandD group in diverse industries starting with semiconductor packaging at Intel, Arizona, where she developed a new elastomeric thermal solution, which has now been commercialized and is used in the core i3 and i5 processors. From there she went on to work at two startups, one managing the microfluidics chip manufacturing lab at a biotechnology company and the other developing polymer formulations for oil extraction from oil sands. She also worked at Saint Gobain North America, developing various material solutions for photovoltaics and processing techniques and new applications for fluoropolymers. Most recently, she managed the Indian RandD team of Enthone (now part of MacDermid) developing electroplating technologies for precious metals.) "Humans versus viruses - Can we avoid extinction in near future?" News Medical Life Sciences, 4/19/21, https://www.news-medical.net/news/20210419/Humans-versus-viruses-Can-we-avoid-extinction-in-near-future.aspx~~ RM AND the consequences may be and the next pandemic could lead us to extinction. | 9/4/21 |
SEPTOCT - DA - Innovation v2Tournament: Greenhilll | Round: 5 | Opponent: Memorial SC | Judge: Tej Gedela 1NC – DABiotech RandD is set for high growth and investment nowNASDAQ 8/9 ~NASDAQ is a stock market index that includes almost all stocks listed on the Nasdaq stock exchange. Along with the Dow Jones Industrial Average and SandP 500, it is one of the three most-followed stock market indices in the United States. This article was written by NASDAQ contributors and published on CNBC. The editorial staff of CNBC did not contribute to the creation of this study.) "Why the Nasdaq Biotechnology Index is poised for a run of sustainable growth" CNBC, NASDAQ, 8/9/2021, https://www.cnbc.com/advertorial/2021/08/09/why-the-nasdaq-biotechnology-index-is-poised-for-a-run-of-sustainable-growth-.html~~ RM AND researchers, scientists, and business leaders in this space will accomplish next." IPR protections are key to sustain healthcare investments and manufacturing. Independently, it’s key to broader vaccine production.Roberts 6/25/21 ~James M. Roberts is a Research Fellow for Economic Freedom and Growth at the Heritage Foundation. Roberts' primary responsibility as one of The Heritage Foundation's lead experts in economic freedom and growth is to edit the Rule of Law and Monetary Freedom sections of Index of Economic Freedom. An influential annual analysis of the economic climate of countries throughout the world, the Index is co-published by Heritage and The Wall Street Journal.) "Biden’s OK of Global Theft of America’s Intellectual Property is Wrong, Dangerous." 6/25/2021, The Heritage Foundation, Commentary—Public Health~ RM AND agenda driven voices in this debate and reverses course on the TRIPS waiver. COVID was a precursor to deadlier pandemics—vaccine production will determine everything.Lander 8/4/21 ~Eric Lander, President Biden’s Science Advisory and Director of the White House Office of Science and Technology Policy) "Opinion: As bad as Covid-19 has been, a future pandemic could be even worse—unless we act now" 8/4/21, The Washington Post~ RM AND It’s hard to imagine a higher economic or human return on national investment. Ecosystem sensitivity from climate change means future pandemics will cause extinction—assumes COVIDSupriya 4/19 ~Lakshmi Supriya got her BSc in Industrial Chemistry from IIT Kharagpur (India) and a Ph.D. in Polymer Science and Engineering from Virginia Tech (USA). She has more than a decade of global industry experience working in the USA, Europe, and India. After her Ph.D., she worked as part of the RandD group in diverse industries starting with semiconductor packaging at Intel, Arizona, where she developed a new elastomeric thermal solution, which has now been commercialized and is used in the core i3 and i5 processors. From there she went on to work at two startups, one managing the microfluidics chip manufacturing lab at a biotechnology company and the other developing polymer formulations for oil extraction from oil sands. She also worked at Saint Gobain North America, developing various material solutions for photovoltaics and processing techniques and new applications for fluoropolymers. Most recently, she managed the Indian RandD team of Enthone (now part of MacDermid) developing electroplating technologies for precious metals.) "Humans versus viruses - Can we avoid extinction in near future?" News Medical Life Sciences, 4/19/21, https://www.news-medical.net/news/20210419/Humans-versus-viruses-Can-we-avoid-extinction-in-near-future.aspx~~ RM AND the consequences may be and the next pandemic could lead us to extinction. Biopharmaceutical innovation is key to prevent future pandemics and bioterror.Marjanovic and Feijao 20 ~(Sonja Marjanovic, Ph.D., Judge Business School, University of Cambridge. Carolina Feijao, Ph.D. in biochemistry, University of Cambridge; M.Sc. in quantitative biology, Imperial College London; B.Sc. in biology, University of Lisbon.) "How to Best Enable Pharma Innovation Beyond the COVID-19 Crisis," RAND Corporation, 05-2020, https://www.rand.org/pubs/perspectives/PEA407-1.html~~ TDI AND such public health threats to an even greater extent under improved innovation conditions. ExtinctionPiers Millett 17, Consultant for the World Health Organization, PhD in International Relations and Affairs, University of Bradford, Andrew Snyder-Beattie, "Existential Risk and Cost-Effective Biosecurity", Health Security, Vol 15(4), http://online.liebertpub.com/doi/pdfplus/10.1089/hs.2017.0028 AND , and available vectors, could be modified as well.19-2 | 9/19/21 |
SEPTOCT - DA - Section 301Tournament: Loyola | Round: 5 | Opponent: Orange Lutheran AZ | Judge: Valorie Lam The aff violates section 301 of the trade act deeming it illegitimateRoberts 6/9 ~James M. Roberts is Research Fellow for Economic Freedom and Growth in the Center for International Trade and Economics, of the Kathryn and Shelby Cullom Davis Institute for National Security and Foreign Policy, at The Heritage Foundation. Gavin Zhao of the Heritage Young Leaders Program assisted in the preparation of this report. June 9, 2021 "Biden’s Wink at Global Theft of U.S. Vaccine Patents Is Bad for America and the World" https://www.heritage.org/economic-and-property-rights/report/bidens-wink-global-theft-us-vaccine-patents-bad-america-and-the gord0 link is being weird af but it works!~ AND economy’s most vital and leading-edge sectors—health care and medicines. Decks executive controlCoffield 81 ~Shirley A. Coffield, UNC School of Law, "Using Section 301 of the Trade Act of 1974 as a Response to Foreign Government Trade Actions: When, Why, and How", 6 N.C. J. INT'L L.381 (1981). https://scholarship.law.unc.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi referer=https://search.yahoo.com/andhttpsredir=1andarticle=1144andcontext=ncilj gord0~ AND '6 and subsidies identified intheir principal forms by the Senate Finance Committee.17 Exec Flex in all instances creates fluid politics that uniquely solves nuclear terrorYoo 7, ~The one and only John Yoo is Professor of Law at UC-Berkeley, Exercising Wartime Powers, hir.harvard.edu/article/?a=1369 recut gord0~ AND even those stemming from poor judgment, unforeseen circumstances, and bad luck. | 9/5/21 |
SEPTOCT - K - NeolibTournament: Loyola | Round: 2 | Opponent: Dwight Engelwood EK | Judge: Lena Mizrahi Apocalyptic pandemic reps lock in a neoliberal risk society of anxiety and health inequality that spreads disease. Independently, the aff masks health neoliberalism by spreading vaccine arms races horizontally instead of vertically.Mannathukkaren 14 AND in some cases, even led to deaths due to dangerous treatments administered. The alternative is to adopt a social medicine approach to health.Mohan J. DUTTA 15, Professor and Head of the Department of Communications and New Media at the National University of Singapore, Adjunct Professor of Communication at the Brian Lamb School of Communication at Purdue University ~Neoliberal Health Organizing, 2015, p. 231-234~ AND , complemented by local processes of participation in the creation of health solutions. | 9/4/21 |
SEPTOCT - K - NeolibTournament: Loyola | Round: Doubles | Opponent: Southlake Carroll PK | Judge: Lena Mizrahi, Ben Cortez, Nathan Russell Increasing the scope and scale of the marijuana industry feeds racialized wealth inequality.Mabee 19 – Carmen Mabee is a student at University of Colorado, Boulder. ("Gentrifying Marijuana: The Construction of Whiteness Through Legalized Marijuana," 4-19-2019, pg. 5-7) julian AND by linking the relationship between marijuana, whiteness, and the revitalization space. Neoliberal exploitation causes extinction.Clark 18 (Brett, associate professor of sociology and sustainability studies at the University of Utah; Stefano B. Longo, Assistant Professor specializing in Environmental Sociology at NC State; "Land–Sea Ecological Rifts", Land–Sea Ecological Rifts, https://monthlyreview.org/2018/07/01/land-sea-ecological-rifts/) AND the contradictions of capital are central to contemporary land-sea ecological rifts. The alternative is to adopt a social medicine approach to health.Mohan J. DUTTA 15, Professor and Head of the Department of Communications and New Media at the National University of Singapore, Adjunct Professor of Communication at the Brian Lamb School of Communication at Purdue University ~Neoliberal Health Organizing, 2015, p. 231-234~ AND , complemented by local processes of participation in the creation of health solutions. | 9/6/21 |
SEPTOCT - K - Racial CapitalismTournament: Greenhill | Round: Octas | Opponent: Strake Jesuit ZD | Judge: Chris Theis, David Yi, Andres Rosero OFFRacial capitalism constitutes a racially hierarchical political economy. The violence of capitalism is co-constitutive of and produces anti-blackness materially and psychologically, which means the critique outweighs and turns the case.Burden-Stelly 20 – ~Charisse Burden-Stelly is an Assistant Professor and Mellon Faculty Fellow of Africana Studies and Political Science at Carleton College; "Monthly Review," Monthly Review, 7-1-2020, https://monthlyreview.org/2020/07/01/modern-u-s-racial-capitalism/~~ julian AND as seditious in the context of modern U.S. racial capitalism. The affirmative is a politics of resignification that occludes the division of labor. The Waren 18 evidence isn’t responsive—doesn’t contest that capitalism mediates antiblackness even if it doesn’t explain every instanceEbert 95 (Teresa, Prof. of Critical and Cultural Theory, Marxist Theory, Feminist Critique, Globalization Theory, University at Albany, SUNY, (Untimely) Critiques for a Red Feminism, from Post-Ality, Marxism and Postmodernism, edited by Mas'ud Zavarzadeh)a-berg AND the norm and its symbolic regime, as in the regime of heterosexuality. The aff’s embrace of local politics forecloses the possibility of constructing a counter-hegemony capable of systematic change.Srnicek and Williams 15. (Nick Srnicek, lecturer at City University London, and Alex Williams, lecturer at City University London. Inventing the Future: Postcapitalism and a World Without Work. Verso Books: 2015. Pg. 27-31. iBooks.) AND , any process of constructing a universal politics is rejected from the outset. If the aff devolves into "good for me," it undermines movements by replicating therapeutic ethos.Ella MYERS 13. Associate Professor of political science and gender studies, University of Utah. Worldly Ethics: Democratic Politics and Care for the World. Duke University Press. 46-9. AND with the idea that one can be an engaged citizen all by oneself. Capitalism causes mass inequality and social devastation.McLaren 4, Distinguished Fellow – Critical Studies @ Chapman U and UCLA urban schooling prof, and Scatamburlo-D’Annibale, associate professor of Communication – U Windsor, ‘4 (Peter and Valerie, "Class Dismissed? Historical materialism and the politics of ‘difference’," Educational Philosophy and Theory Vol. 36, Issue 2, p. 183-199) AND , most importantly, politically in light of the challenges that confront us. Capitalism is a global violence against black space and for international exploitation. The K definitively outweighs the case on scope.Bledsoe and Wright 18 – ~Adam Bledsoe is an assistant professor in the Department of Geography and African American Studies Program at Florida State University. Willie Jamaal Wright is an assistant professor of geography at Florida State University; "The anti-Blackness of global capital," 2018, pg. 10-11~ julian AND to clarify the ways in which anti-Blackness makes capital accumulation possible. The alt is Revolutionary Marxism.McNally 18 – (David, a long-time socialist activist and supporter of the Toronto New Socialists. He now teaches History at the University of Houston, Karl Marx: Revolutionary Heretic, New Socialist, October 25, 2018, https://newsocialist.org/karl-marx-revolutionary-heretic/)//a-berg AND the midst of new mass struggles, this is the Marx we need. | 9/21/21 |
SEPTOCT - T - DelayTournament: Loyola | Round: Doubles | Opponent: Southlake Carroll PK | Judge: Lena Mizrahi, Ben Cortez, Nathan Russell Interp: Reduce is immediate—-present tensePasttenses n.d ~Reduce past tense, https://pasttenses.com/reduce-past-tense~~ RM Interpretation – Reduce means decreasing an existing quantity – it excludes preventing a future increase/implementationPopattanachai 18 – PhD dissertation at Nottingham Trent University (NAPORN, "REGIONAL COOPERATION ADDRESSING MARINE POLLUTION FROM LAND-BASED ACTIVITIES: AN INTERPRETATION OF ARTICLE 207 OF THE LAW OF THE SEA CONVENTION FOCUSING ON MONITORING, ASSESSEMENT, AND SURVEILLANCE OF THE POLLUTION" http://irep.ntu.ac.uk/id/eprint/33374/1/Naporn20Popattanachai202018.pdf AND 2) procedural legal techniques and measures. They can be discussed hereunder. Violation: Delay means to postponeUSLegal n.d. ~"Delay law and legal definition" https://definitions.uslegal.com/d/delay/~~ RM THEY DON’T REDUCE—THEY DELAY THE ENFORCEMENT OF STATUS QUO PROTECTIONSTheir interpretation allows any aff that postpones or indefinitely postpones a reduction of IP—1~ Ground—-they can no link out of every DA because the plan does not occur until later or read non-inherent advantages that are predicated on future reductions of IP. Independently leads to shiftiness.2~ limits—-That explodes the caselist to IP for nonexistent medicines such as 3D printed drugs, new precision medicine technology, and infinite drugs that are still being produced which leads to non-inherent affs thhat skirt the core topic controversy.3~ Precision—their interp justifies arbitrarily ignoring words in the resolution which deck predictability and turn functional limits. Slippery slope of affs. | 9/6/21 |
SEPTOCT - T - FrameworkTournament: Greenhill | Round: Doubles | Opponent: DTHS HV | Judge: Claudia Ribera, Arya Goel, Christopher Vincent 1NC - TThe aff should be topical."Resolved:" refers to a legislative debate.Louisiana State Legislature 16, "Glossary of Legislative Terms," http://www.legis.state.la.us/glossary2.htm AND Senate Rules 10.9, 13.5 and 15.1) The World Trade Organization is an international body that governs trade.Tarver 21 (Evan Tarver has 6+ years of experience in financial analysis and 5+ years as an author, editor, and copywriter, "World Trade Organization", Mar 1, 2021, https://www.investopedia.com/terms/w/wto.asp) Reduce means to make smaller.Cambridge Dictionary ND (https://dictionary.cambridge.org/us/dictionary/english/reduce) Don’t let cheaty I-meets – CX — at best they’re extra topicalWe don’t require defending the state, defending government policies, or saying any institution is normatively good – saying an actor ought to do something doesn’t condone the ethicality of that actor or require roleplaying as that actor.Vote neg to preserve substantive engagement —1~ Preparation- repacking the topic gives the aff a huge edge, they can prepare for 6 months on an issue that catches us by surprise. Preparation is better than thinking on your feet- research demonstrates pedagogical humility and research skills are the only portable debate training – the process of debate outweighs the content – only our interp generates the argumentative skills needed to rigorously defend their affirmative out of round and create engaged citizens who have the self reflexivity to advocate for positive change2~ Limits- there are a finite amount of standardized tests and universities, but an infinite number of non topical affirmatives. Consider this our "library disad"- not debating the topic allows someone to specialize in one area of the library for 4 years giving them a huge edge over people who switch research focus ever 2 months.3~ Truth testing - you can’t vote on the case outweighs T because lack of preparation prevents rigorous testing of the AC claims. If we win fairness we don’t have to "outweigh" other impacts4~ Switch side debate is good — it forces debaters to consider a controversial issue from multiple perspectives which prevents ideological dogmatism. Even if they prove the topic is bad, our argument is that the process of preparing and defending proposals is an educational benefit of engaging it.D~ TVA1~ Read a cybernetics aff about the WTO perpetuating cybernetics regime with big pharma perpetuating itE~ Even if you don’t by our education impacts, fairness is an intrinsic good and the only possible impact to your ballot — debate is a game: forced winner/loser, competitive norms, and the tournament invite prove. Alternative impacts like activism or education can be pursued in other forums – the ballot can’t change our subjectivities BUT it can rectify in round fairnessF~ Paradigm issues1~ TFW has to be drop the debater – it indicts their method of engagement and proves we couldn’t engage fairly with their aff – crossapply truth testing2~ Competing interps – reasonability is arbitrary, you can’t be4~ No impact turns—exclusions are inevitable because we only have 45 minutes so it’s best to draw those exclusions along reciprocal lines to ensure a role for the negative | 9/21/21 |
SEPTOCT - T - FrameworkTournament: Greenhill | Round: Doubles | Opponent: DTHS HV | Judge: Claudia Ribera, Arya Goel, Christopher Vincent 1NC - TThe aff should be topical."Resolved:" refers to a legislative debate.Louisiana State Legislature 16, "Glossary of Legislative Terms," http://www.legis.state.la.us/glossary2.htm AND Senate Rules 10.9, 13.5 and 15.1) The World Trade Organization is an international body that governs trade.Tarver 21 (Evan Tarver has 6+ years of experience in financial analysis and 5+ years as an author, editor, and copywriter, "World Trade Organization", Mar 1, 2021, https://www.investopedia.com/terms/w/wto.asp) Reduce means to make smaller.Cambridge Dictionary ND (https://dictionary.cambridge.org/us/dictionary/english/reduce) Don’t let cheaty I-meets – CX — at best they’re extra topicalWe don’t require defending the state, defending government policies, or saying any institution is normatively good – saying an actor ought to do something doesn’t condone the ethicality of that actor or require roleplaying as that actor.Vote neg to preserve substantive engagement —1~ Preparation- repacking the topic gives the aff a huge edge, they can prepare for 6 months on an issue that catches us by surprise. Preparation is better than thinking on your feet- research demonstrates pedagogical humility and research skills are the only portable debate training – the process of debate outweighs the content – only our interp generates the argumentative skills needed to rigorously defend their affirmative out of round and create engaged citizens who have the self reflexivity to advocate for positive change2~ Limits- there are a finite amount of standardized tests and universities, but an infinite number of non topical affirmatives. Consider this our "library disad"- not debating the topic allows someone to specialize in one area of the library for 4 years giving them a huge edge over people who switch research focus ever 2 months.3~ Truth testing - you can’t vote on the case outweighs T because lack of preparation prevents rigorous testing of the AC claims. If we win fairness we don’t have to "outweigh" other impacts4~ Switch side debate is good — it forces debaters to consider a controversial issue from multiple perspectives which prevents ideological dogmatism. Even if they prove the topic is bad, our argument is that the process of preparing and defending proposals is an educational benefit of engaging it.D~ TVA1~ Read a cybernetics aff about the WTO perpetuating cybernetics regime with big pharma perpetuating itE~ Even if you don’t by our education impacts, fairness is an intrinsic good and the only possible impact to your ballot — debate is a game: forced winner/loser, competitive norms, and the tournament invite prove. Alternative impacts like activism or education can be pursued in other forums – the ballot can’t change our subjectivities BUT it can rectify in round fairnessF~ Paradigm issues1~ TFW has to be drop the debater – it indicts their method of engagement and proves we couldn’t engage fairly with their aff – crossapply truth testing2~ Competing interps – reasonability is arbitrary, you can’t be4~ No impact turns—exclusions are inevitable because we only have 45 minutes so it’s best to draw those exclusions along reciprocal lines to ensure a role for the negative | 9/21/21 |
SEPTOCT - T - Nebel MedicinesTournament: Loyola | Round: 2 | Opponent: Dwight Engelwood EK | Judge: Lena Mizrahi 1NC – T
| 9/4/21 |
SEPTOCT - T - ReduceTournament: Loyola | Round: 3 | Opponent: Carnegie Vanguard SR | Judge: Danielle Dosch 1NC – TInterp: Reduce requires change
AND to lessen," or "to change to a different form." Id. Reducing something is distinct from reducing its effects.White 11 – Helene M. White, United States Circuit Judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit. Previously on the Michigan Court of Appeals, 2011("VIDEO/NEWSSTAND, INC., dba 84 Video/Newsstand; VINE STREET NEWS, INC., dba Adult Mart; NU PHILLY VIDEO/NEWS, INC.; MILE, INC., dba Lion's Den; AMERICAN PRIDE, INC., dba Lion's Den; MIDWEST PRIDE II, INC., dba Lion's Den; ENTERTAINMENT U.S.A. OF CLEVELAND, INC., dba Christie's Cabaret; GOLD RESTAURANT, INC., dba Gold Horse; DONNA AND BATO, LLC, dba Expressions; CALPAL, LLC, dba Dreamgirls; NL CORP INC., dba Diamonds Cabaret; BUCKEYE ASSOCIATION OF CLUB EXECUTIVES, INC., Plaintiffs - Appellants, v. THOMAS SARTINI, in his official capacity as Ashtabula County Prosecutor; ROSS CIRINCIONE, in his official capacity as Law Director of the City of Bedford Heights; DAVID A. LAMBROS, in his official capacity as Law Director of the City of Brookpark; ROBERT TRIOZZI, in his official capacity as Law Director of the City of Cleveland; WILLIAM MASON, in his official capacity as Cuyahoga County Prosecutor; TONY GEIGER, in his official capacity as Law Director for the City of Lima; JEURGEN WALDICK, in his official capacity as Allen County Prosecutor; MIKE MINNIEAR, in his official capacity as Law Director for the City of Milford; ROBIN PIPER, in his official capacity as Butler County Prosecutor; MATTHEW E. CRALL, in his official capacity as Law Director of the City of Bucyrus; STANLEY E. FLEGM, in his official capacity as Crawford County Prosecutor; DAVID KIGER, in his official capacity as Law Director of the City of Jeffersonville; DAVID B. BENDER, in his official capacity as Fayette County Prosecutor; RICHARD C. PFEIFFER, JR., in his official capacity as Columbus City Attorney; RON O'BRIEN, in his official capacity as Franklin County Prosecutor; DONNETTE FISHER, in his official capacity as Law Director for the City of Franklin; RACHEL A. HUTZEL, in his official capacity as Warren County Prosecutor; DANIEL G. PADDEN, in his official capacity as Guernsey County Prosecutor; DAVID A. HACKENBERG, in his official capacity as Law Director of the City of Findlay; MARK C. MILLER, in his official capacity as Hancock County Prosecutor; JOSEPH T. DETERS, in his official capacity as Hamilton County Prosecutor; JOSEPH R. KLAMMER, in his official capacity as Law Director of the City of Eastlake; CHARLES E. COULSON, in his official capacity as Lake County Prosecutor; RICHARD S. BINDLEY, in his official capacity as Law Director of the City of Heath; DOUGLAS SASSEN, in his official capacity as Law Director for the City of Newark; KENNETH W. OSWALT, in his official capacity as Licking County Prosecutor; JOHN T. MADIGAN, in his official capacity as Law Director of the City of Toledo; PAUL S. GOLDBERG, in his official capacity as Law Director for the City of Oregon; JULIA R. BATES, in her official capacity as Lucas County Prosecutor; IRIS TORRES GUGLUCELLO, in her official capacity as Law Director of the City of Youngstown; PAUL J. GAINS, in his official capacity as Mahoning County Prosecutor; KENNETH FISHER, in his official capacity as Law Director of the City of Brunswick; DEAN HOLMAN, in his official capacity as Medina County Prosecutor; PATRICK BONFIELD, in his official capacity as Law Director of the City of Dayton; LORI E. KIRKWOOD, in her official capacity as Law Director for the City of West Carrollton; MATHEW HECK, in his official capacity as Montgomery County Prosecutor; CHARLES HOWLAND, in his official capacity as Morrow County Prosecutor; DAVE REMY, in his official capacity as Law Director for the City of Mansfield; JAMES MAYER, in his official capacity as Richland County Prosecutor; TONI EDDY, in his official capacity as Law Director of the City of Chillicothe; MICHAEL M. ATER, in his official capacity as Ross County Prosecutor; ANDREW L. ZUMBAR, in his official capacity as Law Director of the City of Alliance; JOSEPH MARTUCCIO, in his official capacity as Law Director of the City of Canton; JOHN FERRERO, in his official capacity as Stark County Prosecutor; MAX ROTHAL, in his official capacity as Law Director for the City of Akron; PENELOPE TAYLOR, in her official capacity as Law Director for the City of Tallmadge; SHERRI BEVAN WALSH, in her official capacity as Summit County Prosecutor; JOSEPH T. DULL, in his official capacity as Law Director for the City of Niles; DENNIS WATKINS, in his official capacity as Trumbull County Prosecutor; MIKE JOHNSON, in his official capacity as Law Director for the City of New Philadelphia; AMANDA K. SPIES, in her official capacity as Tuscarawas County Prosecutor; RUSS LEFFLER, in his official capacity as Huron County Prosecutor; DEREK DIVEINE, in his official capacity as Seneca County Prosecutor; TERRY S. SHILLING, in his official capacity as Law Director for the City of Elyria; DENNIS WILL, in his official capacity as Lorain County Prosecutor; MARTIN FRANTZ, in his official capacity as Wayne County Prosecutor; SCOTT HILLIS, in his official capacity as Law Director for the City of Zanesville; D. MICHAEL HADDOX, in his official capacity as Muskingum County Prosecutor; STEPHEN A. SCHUMAKER, in his official capacity as Clark County Prosecutor; NEAL M. JAMISON; PETER M. KOSTOFF, Law Director, Defendants - Appellees, THE STATE OF OHIO, Defendant – Intervenor," 455 Fed. Appx. 541, United States Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit, 9-7-2011, Available to Subscribing Institutions via Lexis Nexis)BM AND 535 U.S. at 451 (Kennedy, J., concurring)). Violation: They don’t meet changing because their aff both allows companies flexibilities to choose + the actual patent process itself doesn't change, it’s not actually more restrictive.Topicality—they justify the aff arbitrarily doing away with words in the resolution which decks negative ground and preparation.Limits and ground - only meaningful and direct reductions are predictable in the literature—else they can defend ANY CHANGE to ipr or the effects of a different change spilling over to increase access and defend that which means i get less case turns and disads and heavily skews my prep burden—competing interps means it’s not just a question of what they do but what they justify and the norm that they have endorsed is one in which the affirmative can decide to do away with parts of the resolution at their whim which outweighs their offense on magnitude | 9/5/21 |
SEPTOCT - T - Reduce v2Tournament: Greenhil | Round: 3 | Opponent: Strake Jesuit JS | Judge: Alex Dumas NC – TInterp: "Reduce" means net decrease—merely conditioning reductions isn’t topical.Waxman 82—(Speaker of the House). Harry Waxman. Public Law 87-253, Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1982, 97th US Congress, Sept 8, 1982, Lexis AND other action. which is a scheme or device to qualify for payment. When authorized to ‘reduce’ the affirmative gets to decrease or eliminate —- changing the terms is not a reductionNebraska AG 73 (Office of the Attorney General of the State of Nebraska, 1973 Neb. AG LEXIS 25)BB AND , 2 N. E. 2d 789, 294 Mass. 616. Violation: they only reduce during pandemicsVote neg:1—Limits—there’s dozens of conditions that the aff could use to justify offsets in expansion: manufacturing, innovation, distribution, etc—makes NEG prep impossible.2—Ground—they don’t result in a tangible change to a world without IP Protections, unless the conditions are triggered—wrecks DA ground predicated on IPR good | 9/21/21 |
SEPTOCT - T - Reduce v2Tournament: Greenhil | Round: 3 | Opponent: Strake Jesuit JS | Judge: Alex Dumas NC – TInterp: "Reduce" means net decrease—merely conditioning reductions isn’t topical.Waxman 82—(Speaker of the House). Harry Waxman. Public Law 87-253, Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1982, 97th US Congress, Sept 8, 1982, Lexis AND other action. which is a scheme or device to qualify for payment. When authorized to ‘reduce’ the affirmative gets to decrease or eliminate —- changing the terms is not a reductionNebraska AG 73 (Office of the Attorney General of the State of Nebraska, 1973 Neb. AG LEXIS 25)BB AND , 2 N. E. 2d 789, 294 Mass. 616. Violation: they only reduce during pandemicsVote neg:1—Limits—there’s dozens of conditions that the aff could use to justify offsets in expansion: manufacturing, innovation, distribution, etc—makes NEG prep impossible.2—Ground—they don’t result in a tangible change to a world without IP Protections, unless the conditions are triggered—wrecks DA ground predicated on IPR good | 9/21/21 |
SEPTOCT - T - Reduce vs One and DoneTournament: Meadows | Round: 1 | Opponent: Ayala AM | Judge: Lena Mizrahi T – OffInterpretation: Reduce means unconditional and permanentReynolds 59 – Judge (In the Matter of Doris A. Montesani, Petitioner, v. Arthur Levitt, as Comptroller of the State of New York, et al., Respondents ~NO NUMBER IN ORIGINAL~ Supreme Court of New York, Appellate Division, Third Department 9 A.D.2d 51; 189 N.Y.S.2d 695; 1959 N.Y. App. Div. LEXIS 7391 August 13, 1959, lexis) AND or degrade. The word "reduce" seems adequately to indicate permanency. Violation: Companies can still choose exclusive patent protection and data exclusivity1NC Feldman 3 Robin Feldman 2-11-2019 "‘One-and-done’ for new drugs could cut patent thickets and boost generic competition" https://www.statnews.com/2019/02/11/drug-patent-protection-one-done/ (Arthur J. Goldberg Distinguished Professor of Law, Albert Abramson ’54 Distinguished Professor of Law Chair, and Director of the Center for Innovation)SidK + Elmer AND right now, the incentives for creating patent walls are just too great. Vote neg:1—Limits—there are dozens of conditions that the aff could use to justify offsets in expansion: manufacturing, innovation, distribution, etc—makes NEG prep impossible.2—Ground—they don’t result in a tangible change to a world without IP Protections, unless the conditions are triggered—wrecks DA ground predicated on IPR goodNo RVI’s – illogical to win for meeting the burden of being fair, and encourages unfair affs to bait out T arguments and go for the RVICompeting Interps – reasonability is arbitrary and forces the judge to intervene to decide if aff defense is sufficient. If its not, it collapses because you compare offense vs defense which is definitionally competing interps. | 10/31/21 |
Th -- DisclosureTournament: Newark | Round: 1 | Opponent: Colonial Forge SR | Judge: Jeong-Wan Choi 1Interpretation: Debaters who have previously broken at TOC-distributing bid tournaments must disclose contact information on a school profile on the High School LD Wiki.Violation: Screenshots Standards:1~ Clash- Not disclosing school contact info on a profile incentives surprise tactics and poorly refined positions that rely on artificial and vague negative engagement to win debates. Negatives are forced to rely on generics instead of smart contextual strategies destroying nuanced argumentation. It also incentivies a model of debate where debaters are ambiguous about disclosure which rely on obfuscation to win rounds.Education – it’s the only portable impactCI – a) brightlines are arbitrary and self-serving which doesn’t set good norms b) it collapses since weighing between brightlines rely on offense defenseDTD – its key to deter future abuseNo RVI’s- a) chilling effect – people will be too scared to read theory because RVI’s encourage baiting theory b) clash – people go all in on theory which decks substance engagement | 1/8/22 |
Open Source
| Filename | Date | Uploaded By | Delete |
|---|---|---|---|
2/19/22 | rhysemoon22@gmailcom_1 |
| |
2/19/22 | rhysemoon22@gmailcom_1 |
| |
2/20/22 | rhysemoon22@gmailcom_1 |
| |
2/21/22 | rhysemoon22@gmailcom_1 |
| |
2/21/22 | rhysemoon22@gmailcom_1 |
| |
2/21/22 | rhysemoon22@gmailcom_1 |
| |
2/19/22 | rhysemoon22@gmailcom_1 |
| |
2/19/22 | rhysemoon22@gmailcom_1 |
| |
2/19/22 | rhysemoon22@gmailcom_1 |
| |
1/28/22 | rhysemoon22@gmailcom_1 |
| |
1/28/22 | rhysemoon22@gmailcom_1 |
| |
1/29/22 | rhysemoon22@gmailcom_1 |
| |
9/21/21 | rhysemoon22@gmailcom |
| |
9/21/21 | rhysemoon22@gmailcom |
| |
9/18/21 | rhysemoon22@gmailcom |
| |
9/21/21 | rhysemoon22@gmailcom |
| |
9/19/21 | rhysemoon22@gmailcom |
| |
1/15/22 | rhysemoon22@gmailcom_1 |
| |
1/16/22 | rhysemoon22@gmailcom_1 |
| |
1/16/22 | rhysemoon22@gmailcom_1 |
| |
9/4/21 | rhysemoon22@gmailcom |
| |
9/5/21 | rhysemoon22@gmailcom |
| |
9/5/21 | rhysemoon22@gmailcom |
| |
9/6/21 | rhysemoon22@gmailcom |
| |
10/31/21 | rhysemoon22@gmailcom_1 |
| |
10/31/21 | rhysemoon22@gmailcom_1 |
| |
11/1/21 | rhysemoon22@gmailcom_1 |
| |
4/9/22 | rhysemoon22@gmailcom_1 |
| |
4/9/22 | rhysemoon22@gmailcom_1 |
| |
4/10/22 | rhysemoon22@gmailcom_1 |
| |
4/11/22 | rhysemoon22@gmailcom_1 |
| |
1/8/22 | rhysemoon22@gmailcom_1 |
| |
1/8/22 | rhysemoon22@gmailcom_1 |
| |
1/9/22 | rhysemoon22@gmailcom_1 |
| |
1/9/22 | rhysemoon22@gmailcom_1 |
| |
4/23/22 | rhysemoon22@gmailcom_1 |
|