Oxford Mehta Neg
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| Apple Valley | 1 | Valor Christian LS | Lauren McBlain |
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| Apple Valley | 3 | St Croix AD | Eric Melin |
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| Apple Valley | 5 | Summit MR | Derek Ying |
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| Apple Valley | Doubles | Mission San Jose SS | Sam Anderson, Shweta Kondapi, Lukas Krause |
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| Harvard | 4 | CR North GY | Amelia Ritenour |
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| Harvard | 5 | South Eugene Independent KS | Andrew Shaw |
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| Harvard | 1 | Strake Jesuit JK | Viren Abhyanker |
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| Harvard | Triples | Newport BL | Hever Arjon, Zoheb Nensey, Kattichka Cazeau |
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| Lexington Winter Invitational | 1 | Lexington AL | Jacob Bosley |
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| Lexington Winter Invitational | 3 | Sharon RG | Thomas Kim |
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| Lexington Winter Invitational | 5 | Lake Highland Prep AVe | William Freedman |
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| Lexington Winter Invitational | Doubles | Bridgeland PT | Faizaan Dossani, Betsy Wangensteen, Grant Brown |
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| Loyola | 4 | Strake Jesuit DA | Abhishek Rao |
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| Loyola | 5 | Peninsula CS | Lena Mizrahi |
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| Loyola | Doubles | Sidwell SW | Aashir Sanjrani, Joshua StPeter, Chris Castillo |
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| UK Season Opener | 3 | Vestavia Hills DS | Jacob Palmer |
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| UK Season Opener | 1 | Pennsbury GB | Emmiee Malyugina |
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| UK Season Opener | 5 | Acton-Boxborough BH | Matthew K-M |
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| UK Season Opener | Finals | Unionville PW | Saketh Kotapati, Zachary Reshovsky, Lila Lavendar |
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| Tournament | Round | Report |
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| Apple Valley | 1 | Opponent: Valor Christian LS | Judge: Lauren McBlain 1AC - disability |
| Apple Valley | 3 | Opponent: St Croix AD | Judge: Eric Melin 1AC - structural violence |
| Apple Valley | 5 | Opponent: Summit MR | Judge: Derek Ying 1AC - queerness |
| Apple Valley | Doubles | Opponent: Mission San Jose SS | Judge: Sam Anderson, Shweta Kondapi, Lukas Krause 1AC - china |
| Harvard | 4 | Opponent: CR North GY | Judge: Amelia Ritenour 1AC - capitalism |
| Harvard | 5 | Opponent: South Eugene Independent KS | Judge: Andrew Shaw 1AC - china |
| Harvard | 1 | Opponent: Strake Jesuit JK | Judge: Viren Abhyanker 1AC - debris |
| Harvard | Triples | Opponent: Newport BL | Judge: Hever Arjon, Zoheb Nensey, Kattichka Cazeau 1AC - megaconstellations |
| Lexington Winter Invitational | 1 | Opponent: Lexington AL | Judge: Jacob Bosley 1AC - debris and space wars |
| Lexington Winter Invitational | 3 | Opponent: Sharon RG | Judge: Thomas Kim 1AC - Buddhist mindfulness |
| Lexington Winter Invitational | 5 | Opponent: Lake Highland Prep AVe | Judge: William Freedman 1AC - mutual recognition |
| Lexington Winter Invitational | Doubles | Opponent: Bridgeland PT | Judge: Faizaan Dossani, Betsy Wangensteen, Grant Brown 1AC - kant |
| Loyola | 4 | Opponent: Strake Jesuit DA | Judge: Abhishek Rao 1AC - bigmex |
| Loyola | 5 | Opponent: Peninsula CS | Judge: Lena Mizrahi 1AC - soft left |
| Loyola | Doubles | Opponent: Sidwell SW | Judge: Aashir Sanjrani, Joshua StPeter, Chris Castillo 1AC - communities of care |
| UK Season Opener | 3 | Opponent: Vestavia Hills DS | Judge: Jacob Palmer 1AC - intuitions w trix |
| UK Season Opener | 1 | Opponent: Pennsbury GB | Judge: Emmiee Malyugina All speeches were lay |
| UK Season Opener | 5 | Opponent: Acton-Boxborough BH | Judge: Matthew K-M 1AC - cannabis |
| UK Season Opener | Finals | Opponent: Unionville PW | Judge: Saketh Kotapati, Zachary Reshovsky, Lila Lavendar 1AC - capitalism |
To modify or delete round reports, edit the associated round.
Cites
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0 - contact infoTournament: Any | Round: Quads | Opponent: Any | Judge: Any In order of preference, here are the ways you can reach me for speech docs: Please let me know of anything I can do to make the debate a more enjoyable experience for you before the round! | 9/5/21 |
0 - debatedrillsTournament: Any | Round: Quads | Opponent: Any | Judge: Any | 9/5/21 |
0 - navigationTournament: Any | Round: Quads | Opponent: Any | Judge: Any | 9/5/21 |
1 -- new affs badTournament: Lexington Winter Invitational | Round: 5 | Opponent: Lake Highland Prep AVe | Judge: William Freedman Interpretation: New affs are a voting issueViolation – ss in docStandards:1 — Clash—it decks all pre-round preparation forcing the negative to resort to absolutist generics that don’t well-approximate the literature and decrease the educational value of debate.2 — Shiftiness – incentivizes infinitely tricky affs that rely on the surprise factor to win debates – kills substance education and skews the round in favor of the affirmativeFairness is a voter issue—debate is axiomatically a game and every argument accedes to the validity of a telos of a competition.Education is a voter issue—reason why schools fund competitionNo rvis a) its illogical you shouldn’t win for being fair b) chilling effect—allows the aff to be abusive bc neg is scared to run theory c) baiting—incentivizes aff to run abusive affs | 1/15/22 |
1 --- disclosureTournament: UK Season Opener | Round: Finals | Opponent: Unionville PW | Judge: Saketh Kotapati, Zachary Reshovsky, Lila Lavendar 1NC – OFFInterpretation: Debaters must post links to all previous constructive speech docs read at the tournament at least 30 minutes prior to the round. To clarify, this means you must include full text, underlining, and highlighting of all cards as read in round.Violation – this is disclosed
~C~ Standards~1~ Debate resource inequities—you’ll say people will steal cards, but that’s good—it’s the only way to truly level the playing field for students such as novices in under-privileged programs.Antonucci ‘5 ~Michael (Debate coach for Georgetown; former coach for Lexington High School); "~eDebate~ open source? resp to Morris"; December 8; http://www.ndtceda.com/pipermail/edebate/2005-December/064806.html nick~ 2~ leads to higher quality engagement b/c I know exactly what the aff says which internal link turns the aff b/c it leads to net better discussion3~ Evidence ethics – open source with highlighting is the only way to verify before round that cards aren’t miscut – full text doesn’t solve since you could have highlighted unethically. That’s a voter – maintaining ethical ev practices is key to being good academics and we should be able to verify you didn’t cheatVoter: Education is the only portable impact from debate – we care about what we learn rather than if we were fair.Drop the debater - Sets a precedent that debaters cant run unfair arguments because they will be scared to lose.Competing interps - Reasonability causes a race to the bottom because debaters keep being barely reasonable, magnifying abuse. Judge interventionNo RVIs - RVIs discourage checking abuse because debaters will be afraid to lose on theory: also forces me to go all in on theory which is terrible because 1ar can just dump | 9/13/21 |
1 --- must not read generic principlesTournament: UK Season Opener | Round: Finals | Opponent: Unionville PW | Judge: Saketh Kotapati, Zachary Reshovsky, Lila Lavendar Interpretation: The affirmative must defend the hypothetical implementation of the resolution and may not defend the resolution as a "general principle".Resolved means a policyWords and Phrases 64 Words and Phrases Permanent Edition. "Resolved". 1964. Violation: 1. Cross-ex proves shiftyness 2. Their advocacy states the aff as a general principle which is not the same as a policy action because we don’t get to use comparative worlds 3. AT BEST is extra-t because they also "rebel against the reactionary forces of capitalism" which is outside the scope of the resolution. Hold them to the text of the 1ac since anything else allows them to shift our of our offense in the 1ar.Prefer spirit over text of the interp– text causes race to the bottom because there’s always something that isn’t going to be specific enough or a word with multiple meaningsSpirit ensures the debate is surrounded around rules instead of nitty gritty definition debatesStandards:1. Ground- we don’t get to read CPs or even DAs because those all are predicated upon the aff being a policy and they can spike out of links by saying we must prove the aff as a general principle is bad in a normative sense, kills fairness because none of my arguments stick and education because they can skirt questions of topic literature.Even if they say they won’t do that in this round – it incentivizes debaters to be shifty2. Burden of Rejoinder- the burden of the neg is to prove that the aff is a bad idea but we can’t do this when they’re a general principle because we become constrained to solely normative indicts and can’t test the aff from multiple angles. Kills neg flex and our ability to engage.3. Engagement—they transform debate into a monologue where we can’t read CPs which means their arguments are presumptively false because they haven’t been subjected to well researched scrutiny.TVA: Literally just defend the aff as a policy plan.Vote neg – they’ve destroyed the round from the beginning and topicality’s key to set the correct model of debate which means it comes first.Voter:Evaluate T through competing interps—it tells the negative what they do and do not have to prepare for. Reasonability is arbitrary and unpredictablePrecision o/w – anything else justifies the aff arbitrarily jettisoning words in the resolution at their whimDrop the debater to deter future abuseFairness is an impact and comes before substance – deciding any other argument in this debate cannot be disentangled from our inability to prepare for it – any argument you think they’re winning is a link, not a reason to vote for them, since it’s just as likely that they’re winning it because we weren’t able to effectively prepare to defeat it. This means they don’t get to weigh the aff.Education is an impact – it’s the only reason schools fund debateNo RVIs—it’s your burden to be fair and T—same reason you don’t win for answering inherency or putting defense on a disad. 2~ incentivizes baiting theory | 9/13/21 |
1 --- t-fwTournament: Loyola | Round: 4 | Opponent: Strake Jesuit DA | Judge: Abhishek Rao Interpretation: The affirmative may only defend that the member nations of the World Trade Organization ought to reduce intellectual property protections for medicines, and may only garner offense off the desirability of the hypothetical enactment of that resolution.Resolved means a policyWords and Phrases 64 Words and Phrases Permanent Edition. "Resolved". 1964. The WTO is a trade organizationWTO No Date (https://www.wto.org/english/thewto'e/whatis'e/whatis'e.htm) EE Nation means a community with a defined territory and governmentMerriam Webster no date (https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/nation) EE Intellectual property refers to creations of the mind such as commercial art, designs, and innovationsWTO no date (https://www.wto.org/english/thewto'e/whatis'e/tif'e/agrm7'e.htm) EE They violate— they don’t.Vote neg to preserve substantive engagement —1~ Preparation- repacking the topic gives the aff a huge edge, they can prepare for 6 months on an issue that catches us by surprise. Preparation is better than thinking on your feet- research demonstrates pedagogical humility and research skills are the only portable debate training – the process of debate outweighs the content – only our interp generates the argumentative skills needed to rigorously defend their affirmative out of round and create engaged citizens who have the self reflexivity to advocate for positive change2~ Limits- there are an infinite number of non topical affirmatives. Consider this our "library disad"- not debating the topic allows someone to specialize in one area of the library for 4 years giving them a huge edge over people who switch research focus ever 2 months.3~ Truth testing - you can’t vote on the case outweighs T because lack of preparation prevents rigorous testing of the AC claims. If we win fairness we don’t have to "outweigh" other impacts4~ Switch side debate is good — it forces debaters to consider a controversial issue from multiple perspectives which prevents ideological dogmatism. Even if they prove the topic is bad, our argument is that the process of preparing and defending proposals is an educational benefit of engaging it.5~ fairness – debate is fundamentally a game which requires both sides to have a relatively equal shot at winning and is necessary for any benefit to the activity. That outweighs:A~ decision-making: every argument concedes to the validity of fairness i.e. that the judge will make a fair decision based on the arguments presented. This means if they win fairness bad vote neg on presumption because you have no obligation to fairly evaluate their arguments.B~ probability: voting aff can’t solve any of their impacts but it can solve ours. All the ballot does is tell tab who won which can’t stop any violence but can resolve the fairness imbalance in this particular debate.6~ small schools disad: under-resourced are most adversely affected by a massive, unpredictable caselist which worsens structural disparitiesTVA: read an aff about patents preventing minorities from accessing vaccines – here’s a solvency advocatePublic Citizen 21 – Public Citizen is a nonprofit consumer advocacy organization that champions the public interest in the halls of power. We defend democracy, resist corporate power and work to ensure that government works for the people – not for big corporations. Founded in 1971, we now have 500,000 members and supporters throughout the country; "Waiver of WTO Protections for Big Pharma Will Help U.S. Economic Recovery and Boost U.S. Employment"; APRIL 12, 2021; https://www.citizen.org/article/waiver-of-wto-protections-for-big-pharma-will-help-u-s-economic-recovery-and-boost-u-s-employment/ advay Disads to the TVA prove there’s negative ground and that it’s a contestable stasis point, and if their critique is incompatible with the topic reading it on the neg solves and is better because it promotes switch-side debateWinning pessimism doesn’t answer T because only through the process of clash can they refine their defense of it—they need an explanation of why we switch sides and why there’s a winner and loser under their modelReject the team—T is question of models of debate and the damage to our strategy was already doneCompeting interps – reasonability is arbitrary, you can’t be reasonably topical, and causes a race to the bottom of questionable argumentation.RVIs and impact turns encourage all in on theory which decks substance and incentivize baiting theory with abusive practices.No impact turns—exclusions are inevitable because we only have 45 minutes so it’s best to draw those exclusions along reciprocal lines to ensure a role for the negative | 9/5/21 |
2 --- cap k vs identityTournament: Loyola | Round: 4 | Opponent: Strake Jesuit DA | Judge: Abhishek Rao The aff’s anti-institutional politics re-entrenches the power of capital by leaving intact broader structures of global political economy—it creates catharsis that prevents action against ecological catastrophe and crises of neoliberalismParenti and Emanuele 15 (Christian Parenti, former visiting fellow at CUNY's Center for Place, Culture and Politics, as well as a Soros Senior Justice Fellow, teaches in the Liberal Studies program at New York University, interview with Vincent Emanuele, writer, activist and radio journalist who lives and works in the Rust Belt, "Climate Change, Militarism, Neoliberalism and the State," May 17, 2015, http://ouleft.sp-mesolite.tilted.net/?p=1980) The aff’s rejection of the specific details of political engagement is not radical but continues the prevailing mode of leftist cynicism that eviscerates our ability to construct alternatives to political dominationBurgum ‘15 (Samuel, PhD candidate in Sociology at the University of Warwick and has been conducting research with Occupy London since 2012, "The branding of the left: between spectacle and passivity in an era of cynicism," Journal for Cultural Research, Volume 19, Issue 3) The alternative is to build racial and class solidarity around a new socialist movement focused on making concrete demands and progress that can transform American society. That vision is necessary to propel movements to challenge Trump, dismantle racist political formations, and save lives.Schwartz and Sunkara 17 ~August 1, 2017; JOSEPH M. SCHWARTZ (Joseph M. Schwartz is the national vice-chair of the Democratic Socialists of America, and professor of political science at Temple) and BHASKAR SUNKARA (Bhaskar Sunkara is an American political writer, founding editor and publisher of Jacobin magazine and the publisher of Catalyst: A Journal of Theory and Strategy. He is a former vice-chair of the Democratic Socialists of America); "What Should Socialists Do?"; https://jacobinmag.com/2017/08/socialist-left-democratic-socialists-america-dsa; BWSWJ~ | 9/5/21 |
2 --- philosophical neutrality kTournament: UK Season Opener | Round: 3 | Opponent: Vestavia Hills DS | Judge: Jacob Palmer Academic philosophy is anti-Black – the 1AC’s abstraction from the material consequences of racialized violence absolves white philosophers of their contributions to America’s apathy towards Black death – their race-neutral rhetoric and assertion of universal humanistic principles reduces systemic racism to a problem of recognition that prevents effective mobilization against white supremacy – vote negative to reject the Western metaphysical tradition and recognize the permanent failure of white philosophy.Tommy J. Curry and Curry 18 ~Tommy, PhD, Prof. of Philosophy @ TAMU, Gwenetta, PhD, Ass. Prof. of Gender and Race Studies @ Alabama~, "On the Perils of Race Neutrality and Anti-Blackness: Philosophy as an Irreconcilable Obstacle to (Black) Thought," American Journal of Economics and Sociology, Vol. 77, Nos. 3-4 (May-September 2018). DOI: 10.1111/ajes.12244 Even if they win that their colorblindness is theoretically ideal, it is practically impossible because racialized bodies are marked by their skin color - philosophy’s segregation of black scholarship is not neutral and not normal.Tommy J. Curry and Curry 18 ~Tommy, PhD, Prof. of Philosophy @ TAMU, Gwenetta, PhD, Ass. Prof. of Gender and Race Studies @ Alabama~, "On the Perils of Race Neutrality and Anti-Blackness: Philosophy as an Irreconcilable Obstacle to (Black) Thought," American Journal of Economics and Sociology, Vol. 77, Nos. 3-4 (May-September 2018). DOI: 10.1111/ajes.12244 Racism deems Black life disposable and demands racialized violence – we’re not an ad-hom that criticizes the positionality or personal views of their authors – their philosophy is actively used as an expression of white supremacy and to rationalize the deaths of Black men and women.Tommy J. Curry and Curry 18 ~Tommy, PhD, Prof. of Philosophy @ TAMU, Gwenetta, PhD, Ass. Prof. of Gender and Race Studies @ Alabama~, "On the Perils of Race Neutrality and Anti-Blackness: Philosophy as an Irreconcilable Obstacle to (Black) Thought," American Journal of Economics and Sociology, Vol. 77, Nos. 3-4 (May-September 2018). DOI: 10.1111/ajes.12244 This turns the aff – America is organized around the subjugation and death of non-white people – discriminatory applications of their policy are inevitable absent a recognition of racialization in the law – their colorblindness is mutually exclusive with the necessary upheaval of the racial dynamics that necessitate inequality.Tommy J. and Gwenetta Curry and Curry 18 ~Tommy, PhD, Prof. of Philosophy @ TAMU, Gwenetta, PhD, Ass. Prof. of Gender and Race Studies @ Alabama~, "On the Perils of Race Neutrality and Anti-Blackness: Philosophy as an Irreconcilable Obstacle to (Black) Thought," American Journal of Economics and Sociology, Vol. 77, Nos. 3-4 (May-September 2018). DOI: 10.1111/ajes.12244 Instead you should affirm Black philosophy as a site to engage in radical theorizations that are a genuine reflection of Black experience – attempts at integration commodifies Black philosophers as extensions of white thinkers which waters down Black philosophy to a form for white philosophers to deem respectable scholarship – a fundamental reorientation of the discipline away from universal reason is key.Tommy J. Curry and Curry 18 ~Tommy, PhD, Prof. of Philosophy @ TAMU, Gwenetta, PhD, Ass. Prof. of Gender and Race Studies @ Alabama~, "On the Perils of Race Neutrality and Anti-Blackness: Philosophy as an Irreconcilable Obstacle to (Black) Thought," American Journal of Economics and Sociology, Vol. 77, Nos. 3-4 (May-September 2018). DOI: 10.1111/ajes.12244 Framework: Evaluate the 1AC as a holistic paradigm over just their plan text. To clarify, they need to win that their embodied performance and 1AC as a research object utilized in debate is valuable, as opposed to winning LAWs should be banned in the abstract.Framing issue: Debate has never been an equal site of contestation. Presuming a neutral mode of argumentation has whitewashed decades of racialized structures. This is exactly what the Curry and Curry evidence criticizes. Their ability to abstract the conversation is what actively pushes out discussions about material experiences. This means the 1AC as a normative project is complicit within structures of racial domination, which the judge has an apriori obligation to reject.Their fairness claims are a safety word used by white people to have excuses from changing their practices to correct for decades of antiblackness. Check the intensity of this argument—we’re not saying that clipping, or not following speech times is good—rather slight violations of unfairness can challenge long-lasting structures to open up new modes of engagement.Some defense to their 1AR offense.1~ The way they justify their plan text clearly matters especially for philosophy debates. The 1AC wouldn’t agree with a utilitarian or Kantian description of the resolution being good. Plan focus strips valuable discussion of how the 1AC came to their conclusions. This also means all their whining is self—afflicted—if you didn’t want links, you shouldn’t have read this philosophy.2~ There’s no mooting of the 1AC—even if they can’t weigh the plan text in a vacuum they can weigh their research project/framework as something that can resolve antiblackness. This should be predictable because the 1AC has to research those things BEFORE making the plan. | 9/11/21 |
2 --- semiocap vs communities of careTournament: Loyola | Round: Doubles | Opponent: Sidwell SW | Judge: Aashir Sanjrani, Joshua StPeter, Chris Castillo The aff is a perpetuated neoliberal form of the Multi-Racial White Supremacist. There narrative of ‘our’ resilient subjects through the elevation queer subjects who persist through neoliberal violence justify racialization and the imposition of global precarity.James 15 ~Robin James- Associate Professor of Philosophy @ UNC Charlotte, Resilience and Melancholy: Pop Music, Feminism, Neoliberalism, Publisher: Zero Books, Accessed: google books)TRrecut amrita~ Another way of saying that is: The aff’s aesthetic revolution and their dream for "the creation of a free society in which everyone will be a poet" is the aesthetic turn which marks the new spirit of capitalism - commodification of mass culture through the sale of individualist creativity as identityHaiven 14 ~Max Haiven is an assistant professor in the division of Art History and Critical Studies at the Nova Scotia College of Art and Design in Halifax, Canada, Crises of imagination, crises of power: Capitalism, creativity and the commons, Zed Books Ltd, 2014 , p. 197-199)TR recut amrita~ Meanwhile, the situation for racialized people Their conception of radical futurity through living in communities of care outside of linear time accedes to the current constructions of temporality which force us to live moment to moment. The introduction of queer music in search of suturing trauma and the disjunct with their identity collapses into a strategy of "feeling political together."James 14 ~Robin James- Associate Professor of Philosophy @ UNC Charlotte, From "No Future" to "Delete Yourself (You Have No Chance to Win)": Death, Queerness, and the Sound of Neoliberalism, Journal of Popular Music Studies, Volume 25, Issue 4, p. 506-512)TR recut amrita~ Sounds are meaningless, random but to the neoliberal demand to live or let die. Delete yourself and TURN IT UP! INTO DEATH WE GO! No more cultural rehabilitation of queerness offered by the aff and endorse an act of queering the biopolitical management of life and death itselfJames 14 ~Robin James- Associate Professor of Philosophy @ UNC Charlotte, From "No Future" to "Delete Yourself (You Have No Chance to Win)": Death, Queerness, and the Sound of Neoliberalism, Journal of Popular Music Studies, Volume 25, Issue 4, p. 520-525)TR recut amrita~ Machines can be more precise than human perception; | 9/6/21 |
3 -- util ncTournament: Lexington Winter Invitational | Round: Doubles | Opponent: Bridgeland PT | Judge: Faizaan Dossani, Betsy Wangensteen, Grant Brown The standard is maximizing expected well-being. Prefer –1 — Pleasure and pain are intrinsically valuableMoen 16 ~Ole Martin Moen, Research Fellow in Philosophy at University of Oslo "An Argument for Hedonism" Journal of Value Inquiry (Springer), 50 (2) 2016: 267–281~ SJDI 2 — Lexical pre-req: Threats to bodily security and life preclude the ability for moral actors to effectively utilize and act upon other moral theories since they are in a constant state of crisis that inhibit the ideal moral conditions which other theories presuppose3 — Actor-specificity -a. Aggregation – every policy benefits some and harms others, which also means side constraints freeze action.b. No act-omission distinction – choosing to omit is an act itself – governments decide not to act which means being presented with the aff creates a choice between two actions, neither of which is an omissionc. No intent-foresight distinction – If we foresee a consequence, then it becomes part of our deliberation which makes it intrinsic to our action since we intend it to happen4 — Degrees of wrongness—if I break a promise to meet up for lunch, that is not as bad as breaking a promise to take a dying person to the hospital. Only the consequences of breaking the promise explain why the second one is much worse than the first. Intuitions outweigh—they’re the foundational basis for any argument and theories that contradict our intuitions are most likely false even if we can’t deductively determine why.5 — Reject calc indicts and util triggers permissibility arguments:a. Empirically denied—both individuals and policymakers carry out effective cost-benefit analysis which means even if decisions aren’t always perfect it’s still better than not acting at allb. They prove utilizing util is hard, not impossible6 — Occam’s Razor – historical moral disagreement over internal conceptions of morality prove non fallibility, which means you default to the most simple conception of intrinsic values and decision calc7 — Use epistemic modesty: that means compare the probability of the framework times the magnitude of the impact under a framework. Prefer:a. Substantively true: it maximizes the probability of achieving net most moral value—beating a framework acts as mitigation to their impacts but the strength of that mitigation is contingent.b. Clash: we don’t know if our frameworks are true, but we can debate the topical question. That incentivizes debating both layers instead of solely focusing on framework.8 — Extinction comes first!Pummer 15 ~Theron, Junior Research Fellow in Philosophy at St. Anne's College, University of Oxford. "Moral Agreement on Saving the World" Practical Ethics, University of Oxford. May 18, 2015~ AT 9 — Science proves non util ethics are impossibleGreene 10 – Joshua, Associate Professor of Social science in the Department of Psychology at Harvard University | 1/16/22 |
3 --- traditional hormonal therapy PIC vs communities of careTournament: Loyola | Round: Doubles | Opponent: Sidwell SW | Judge: Aashir Sanjrani, Joshua StPeter, Chris Castillo We endorse the entire 1AC sans their rejection of traditional hormonal therapy.The 1AC’s blanket rejection of traditional hormone therapy as biomedical control essentializes trans life, ostracizes and fractures their communities of care, is co-opted by the conservative right, and locks in gender dysphoria for tons of trans people. Only the PIC solves.Tosh 16 (Jemma Tosh is a Chartered Psychologist with the British Psychological Society and Director of Psygentra, an organisation that specialises in the psychology of gender and trauma. Jemma is the author of Perverse Psychology (2014) and Psychology and Gender Dysphoria: Feminist and Transgender Perspectives (2016). Psychology and Gender Dysphoria: Feminist and Transgender Perspectives. 2016.) | 9/6/21 |
janfeb cp -- soft law v1Tournament: Lexington Winter Invitational | Round: 5 | Opponent: Lake Highland Prep AVe | Judge: William Freedman States ought to:—Announce that appropriation of outer space by private actors violates the Outer Space Treaty and that this is a settled matter of customary international law—Announce that this action is taken pursuant to opinio juris (the belief that the action is taken pursuant to a legal obligation) and that non-compliant actors are in violation of international law—Fully comply, not appropriating outer space in a manner inconsistent with these proclamationsSolves the Aff.Fabio Tronchetti 8. Dr. Fabio Tronchetti works as a Co-Director of the Institute of Space Law and Strategy and as a Zhuoyue Associate Professor at Beihang University, "The Non–Appropriation Principle as a Structural Norm of International Law: A New Way of Interpreting Article II of the Outer Space Treaty," Air and Space Law, Volume 33, No 3, 2008, https://kluwerlawonline.com/journalarticle/Air+and+Space+Law/33.3/AILA2008021, RJP, DebateDrills. The non–appropriation principle represents That competes —-1~ Widespread support for OST overhaul means a new treaty is likely—-top military leaders are pushing it.Theresa Hitchens 21. Theresa Hitchens is the Space and Air Force reporter at Breaking Defense. The former Defense News editor was a senior research associate at the University of Maryland’s Center for International and Security Studies at Maryland (CISSM). Before that, she spent six years in Geneva, Switzerland as director of the United Nations Institute for Disarmament Research (UNIDIR). "US Should Push New Space Treaty: Atlantic Council," Breaking Defense, April 12, 2021, https://breakingdefense.com/2021/04/us-should-push-new-space-treaty-atlantic-council/, RJP, DebateDrills WASHINGTON: The US should push hard to 2~ Space law is typically treaty-based—-Russian and Chinese proposals prove.Stephanie Nebehay 8. Reporter, Reuters, "China, Russia to Offer Treaty to Ban Arms in Space," Reuters, January 26, 2008, https://www.reuters.com/article/us-arms-space/china-russia-to-offer-treaty-to-ban-arms-in-space-idUSL2578979020080125, RJP, DebateDrills GENEVA (Reuters) - China and Russia will 3~ Treaties are the foundation of space law.Sophie Goguichvili et. al 21. Program Associate, the Wilson Center, "The Global Legal Landscape of Space: Who Writes the Rules on the Final Frontier?" The Wilson Center, October 1, 2021, https://www.wilsoncenter.org/article/global-legal-landscape-space-who-writes-rules-final-frontier, RJP, DebateDrills As previously mentioned, a series We solve better –1 — CIL is far superior to treaties for space AND causes follow-on.Koplow, 9 – Professor of Law, Georgetown University Law Center. Finally, the Article concludes with 2 — Rollback—-treaties can be withdrawn or refused—-CIL is durable even in a world of say noKoplow, 9 – Professor of Law, Georgetown University Law Center. At the other end of the timeline, 3 — Scope—-CIL doesn’t rely on countries saying yes, and includes countries beyond just China and Russia—-that makes the norm multilateral and durableKoplow, 9 – Professor of Law, Georgetown University Law Center. 4 — CIL begin as voluntary but hardens into international rules over timeKoplow, 9 – Professor of Law, Georgetown University Law Center. One path for escaping that | 1/15/22 |
janfeb da -- artemis accordsTournament: Harvard | Round: Triples | Opponent: Newport BL | Judge: Hever Arjon, Zoheb Nensey, Kattichka Cazeau The plan requires clarifying international space law—-causes strategic bargaining to extract concessionsAlexander William Salter 16, Assistant Professor of Economics, Rawls College of Business, Texas Tech University, "SPACE DEBRIS: A LAW AND ECONOMICS ANALYSIS OF THE ORBITAL COMMONS", 19 STAN. TECH. L. REV. 221 (2016), https://law.stanford.edu/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/19-2-2-salter-final'0.pdf The US will use that opportunity to push Artemis Accords and bilateralization – undermines multilateral space law.Wall 20 – Senior Space Writer with Space.com, former herpetologist and wildlife biologist, Ph.D. in evolutionary biology from the University of Sydney, Australia; citing Boley (Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver) and Byers (Department of Political Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver) That returns space to might-makes-right imperial conflict.O’Brien 20 – member of the International Institute of Space Law and founder of The Space Treaty Project, retired attorney and former member of the NASA-Hastings Law Project Goes nuclear – space conflict is uniquely escalatory.Farley 22 – PhD, Senior Lecturer at the Patterson School at the University of Kentucky | 2/21/22 |
janfeb da -- ppwtTournament: Lexington Winter Invitational | Round: 5 | Opponent: Lake Highland Prep AVe | Judge: William Freedman The plan requires clarifying international space law—-causes strategic bargaining to extract concessionsAlexander William Salter 16, Assistant Professor of Economics, Rawls College of Business, Texas Tech University, "SPACE DEBRIS: A LAW AND ECONOMICS ANALYSIS OF THE ORBITAL COMMONS", 19 STAN. TECH. L. REV. 221 (2016), https://law.stanford.edu/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/19-2-2-salter-final'0.pdf Russia uses negotiations to push the PPWT—-erodes US space dominance—-unilat solvesMichael Listner 18, JD, Regent University School of Law, the founder and principal of the legal and policy think-tank/consultation firm Space Law and Policy Solutions, Sept 17 2018, "The art of lawfare and the real war in outer space", The Space Review, www.thespacereview.com/article/3571/1 The PPWT prohibits space-based missile defenseJack M. Beard 16, Associate Professor of Law at the University of Nebraska College of Law, Feb 15 2016, "Soft Law ’s Failure on the Horizon: The International Code of Conduct for Outer Space Activities", University of Pennsylvania Journal of International Law, Vol. 38, No. 2, 2016, https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?referer=andhttpsredir=1andarticle=1086andcontext=spacelaw Causes rogue state missile threats—-that escalatesPatrick M. Shanahan 19, Acting Secretary of Defense from January to June 2019, previously vice president and general manager of Boeing Missile Defense Systems, Jan 2019, "2019 MISSILE DEFENSE REVIEW", US Department of Defense, https://media.defense.gov/2019/Jan/17/2002080666/-1/-1/1/2019-MISSILE-DEFENSE-REVIEW.PDF | 1/15/22 |
janfeb da -- sovereigntyTournament: Harvard | Round: 1 | Opponent: Strake Jesuit JK | Judge: Viren Abhyanker The plan requires clarifying international space law—-causes strategic bargaining to extract concessionsAlexander William Salter 16, Assistant Professor of Economics, Rawls College of Business, Texas Tech University, "SPACE DEBRIS: A LAW AND ECONOMICS ANALYSIS OF THE ORBITAL COMMONS", 19 STAN. TECH. L. REV. 221 (2016), https://law.stanford.edu/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/19-2-2-salter-final'0.pdf Russia will demand concessions over Ukraine – it’s their top priority and violates Ukraine’s sovereignty.Maynes 1/24 – NPR Moscow correspondent, reporting in Russia for over a decade MOSCOW — First U.S. and Russian diplomats Concessions on sovereignty spark global allied prolif.Gawthorpe 14 – teaching fellow at the Defence Academy of the United Kingdom Recent events in Eastern Europe raise East Asian prolif breaks deterrence and escalates.Cimbala 15 – Stephen J., Distinguished Professor of Political Science at Pennsylvania State University Brandywine, "New Nuclear Disorder: Challenges to Deterrence and Strategy" Ashgate Publishing Ltd | 2/19/22 |
janfeb da --- global shippingTournament: Harvard | Round: Triples | Opponent: Newport BL | Judge: Hever Arjon, Zoheb Nensey, Kattichka Cazeau Global shipping is recovering now, but it’s tenuous – disruptions could collapse a uniquely fragile global shipping systemFullard 1/4/22 (Matt, Business Development Director Noatum Logistics UK, BRC, "Pandemic Supply Chain Problems Won't Be Easily Fixed and May Continue," https://brc.org.uk/news/the-retailer/pandemic-supply-chain-problems-won-t-be-easily-fixed-and-may-continue/ DD) Megaconstellations create more autonomous communication systems globally which is key for accurate and immediate data transmissionPoole et al 21 (Carl, Captain USSF and orbital analyst and holds a master of science from the Air Force Institute of Technology, Robert Bettinger, Major USAF and assistant professor of astronautical engineering and curriculum chair for the astronautical engineering degree program at the Air Force Institute of Technology, Mark Reith, adjunct professor of systems engineering Air Force Institute of Technology, Air and Space Power Journal, "Shifting Satellite Control Paradigms: Operational Cybersecurity in the Age of Megaconstellations," https://www.airuniversity.af.edu/Portals/10/ASPJ/journals/Volume-35'Issue-3/T-Poole.pdf DD) That is key to the maritime industry – avoids accidents and provides necessary logistical supportHeinrich et al 21 (David, Human Factors Ph.D. candidate at Capitol Technology University. His professional background spans over 19 years in the United States Air Force as a fighter avionics technician, instructor, and satellite operations professional, Ian McAndrew, Dean of Doctoral Programs at Capitol Technology University. He has taught in universities worldwide and is a frequent keynote speaker at many International Conferences. He is a Fellow of the Royal Aeronautical Society and Chartered Mechanical and Electrical Engineer in the U.K, and Jeremy Pretty, Senior Program Manager with the United States Air Force Civil Service. His professional background includes over 15 years in program/project/product management within the U.S. Department of Defence on Aircraft and Information Technology systems, International Journal of Managing Information Technology Vol 13 No 3 August 2021, "HUMAN FACTORS CONSIDERATIONS IN SATELLITE OPERATIONS HUMAN-COMPUTER INTERACTION TECHNOLOGIES: A REVIEW OF CURRENT APPLICATIONS AND THEORY," https://arxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/2110/2110.04880.pdf DD) Container shipping collapse triggers deglobalizationEconomist 21 (Economist, "A perfect storm for container shipping Will prolonged disruptions shift the pattern of trade?", https://www.economist.com/finance-and-economics/a-perfect-storm-for-container-shipping/21804500, September 18, 2021 DD) Deglobalization shocks ensures great power conflict – empirics proveWI 16 (DTN Washington Insider, DTN delivers accurate, objective, real-time, and actionable insights to increase our 2 million customers’ confidence and support their business decision, "Washington Insider: Implications of Deglobalization", https://www.dtnpf.com/agriculture/web/AG/columns/washington-insider/article/2016/11/14/implications-deglobalization, November 14, 2016 DD) | 2/21/22 |
janfeb k -- settler colonialism v1Tournament: Lexington Winter Invitational | Round: 1 | Opponent: Lexington AL | Judge: Jacob Bosley It is the responsibility of settlers to tie their politics to place as the baseline for decolonization. Thus, the ROTB is to center indigenous demands and scholarship – anything else is a settler move to innocence attempting to move the discussion away from indigenous plightSium et al 12 ~Aman Sium, Chandni Desai, Eric Ritskes, Ontario Institute for Studies in Education, University of Toronto, Sium identifies as being Tigrinya, indigenous, African, and Eritrean, Ritskes is Zhaganash, Towards the ‘tangible unknown’: Decolonization and the Indigenous future, Decolonization: Indigeneity, Education and Society ¶ Vol. 1, No. 1, 2012, pp. I-XIII, JKS, Recut VM~ Settler colonialism is not a one-off event but an ongoing structure of dispossession that requires the elimination of Indigenous life. This is marked by ontological violence reasserted each day of occupation.Tuck and Yang 12 ~Eve Tuck, Unangax, State University of New York at New Paltz K. Wayne Yang University of California, San Diego, Decolonization is not a metaphor, Decolonization: Indigeneity, Education and Society Vol. 1, No. 1, 2012, pp. 1-40 JJ~ This structure of technologies renders indigenous land and life infinitely fungible, causing genocidal violence on a mass scale.paperson 17 ~la, also K. Wayne Yang, an associate professor of ethnic studies at the University of California, San Diego. "A Third University Is Possible" June 2017~ Extraterrestrial colonialism is naturalized through the discourse of public ownership – the resolution’s call to condemn the doctrine of private appropriation is an implicit call to recenter the settler public as the legitimate and rightful owners of space and place.Lister 18, research assistant @ Dine College (Majerle, "‘The Only Way to Save the Land is to Give It Back’: A Critique of Settler Conservationism," http://therednation.org/the-only-way-to-save-the-land-is-to-give-it-back-a-critique-of-settler-conservationism/ Recut VM Thus, the only alternative is one of decolonization.Tuck and Yang 12 ~Eve Tuck, Unangax, State University of New York at New Paltz K. Wayne Yang University of California, San Diego, Decolonization is not a metaphor, Decolonization: Indigeneity, Education and Society Vol. 1, No. 1, 2012, pp. 1-40, VM~ Absent the alt, multiple ongoing extinctions become inevitableMitchell 17 ~Audra Mitchell, CIGI Chair in Global Governance and Ethics, Balsillie School of International Affairs, and Associate Professor at Wilfrid Laurier University, former Senior Lecturer in International Relations, department of Politics, University of York, Ph.D. Queen’s University of Belfast, "Decolonizing against extinction part I: extinction is violence," Worldly, 7-28-2017, https://worldlyir.wordpress.com/2017/07/28/decolonizing-against-extinction-part-i-extinction-is-violence/)KMM, Recut VM~ | 1/15/22 |
janfeb k --- settler colonialism v2Tournament: Harvard | Round: 4 | Opponent: CR North GY | Judge: Amelia Ritenour It is the responsibility of settlers to tie their politics to place as the baseline for decolonization. Thus, the ROTB is to center indigenous demands and scholarship – anything else is a settler move to innocence attempting to move the discussion away from indigenous plightSium et al 12 ~Aman Sium, Chandni Desai, Eric Ritskes, Ontario Institute for Studies in Education, University of Toronto, Sium identifies as being Tigrinya, indigenous, African, and Eritrean, Ritskes is Zhaganash, Towards the ‘tangible unknown’: Decolonization and the Indigenous future, Decolonization: Indigeneity, Education and Society ¶ Vol. 1, No. 1, 2012, pp. I-XIII, JKS, Recut VM~ Settler colonialism is not a one-off event but an ongoing structure of dispossession that requires the elimination of Indigenous life. This is marked by ontological violence reasserted each day of occupation.Tuck and Yang 12 ~Eve Tuck, Unangax, State University of New York at New Paltz K. Wayne Yang University of California, San Diego, Decolonization is not a metaphor, Decolonization: Indigeneity, Education and Society Vol. 1, No. 1, 2012, pp. 1-40 JJ~ This structure of technologies renders indigenous land and life infinitely fungible, causing genocidal violence on a mass scale.paperson 17 ~la, also K. Wayne Yang, an associate professor of ethnic studies at the University of California, San Diego. "A Third University Is Possible" June 2017~ Extraterrestrial colonialism is naturalized through the discourse of public ownership – the resolution’s call to condemn the doctrine of private appropriation is an implicit call to recenter the settler public as the legitimate and rightful owners of space and place.Lister 18, research assistant @ Dine College (Majerle, "‘The Only Way to Save the Land is to Give It Back’: A Critique of Settler Conservationism," http://therednation.org/the-only-way-to-save-the-land-is-to-give-it-back-a-critique-of-settler-conservationism/ Recut VM Space management cannot be understood outside of settler colonialism. The infrastructure, institutions, and Eurocentric values of space policy are considered the hallmarks of science and progress, which become weaponized against Indigenous resistance.Matson and Nunn 17 Thus, the only alternative is one of decolonization.Tuck and Yang 12 ~Eve Tuck, Unangax, State University of New York at New Paltz K. Wayne Yang University of California, San Diego, Decolonization is not a metaphor, Decolonization: Indigeneity, Education and Society Vol. 1, No. 1, 2012, pp. 1-40, VM~ Absent the alt, multiple ongoing extinctions become inevitableMitchell 17 ~Audra Mitchell, CIGI Chair in Global Governance and Ethics, Balsillie School of International Affairs, and Associate Professor at Wilfrid Laurier University, former Senior Lecturer in International Relations, department of Politics, University of York, Ph.D. Queen’s University of Belfast, "Decolonizing against extinction part I: extinction is violence," Worldly, 7-28-2017, https://worldlyir.wordpress.com/2017/07/28/decolonizing-against-extinction-part-i-extinction-is-violence/)KMM, Recut VM~ Neoliberalism is constituted by Settler Colonialism—even if late capitalism operates differently than traditional colonization, refusing western conceptions of place, particularly in the context of education, allows indigenous modes of thinking and living to flourish. A shift in place is a pre-requisite to destroying the structural logics of capitalism – the K is a necessary prerequisiteKoushik 2016 (Jada Renee, Ph.D Candidate @ the University of Saskatchewan, "Considerations of place in sustainability education policy: How local contexts inform the engagement of sustainability in education policy enactment and practice", published in Journal of Sustainability Education Vol. 11, February 2016) cut- MS 1AC as a savior of capitalist systemInterpretation: Evaluate the 1AC as an object of research – the negative may center the debate around the consequences, epistemology, or scholarship of that object. To clarify, they need to weigh the totality of their aff, including their assumptions and ideologies, not just the causal consequences. Even if they win a purely consequential focus is good, you should evaluate how the aff’s representation determine the causal consequences of the plan.1 — Debate is a site of scholarship production, not policymaking 101. Even if individual ballots do not change our subjectivities, iterative investments in research models influence our political orientations - that o/w – developing values in students is the only out of round impact to debate2 — Reps shape policymaking – ethical orientations determine how issues get framed and implemented - think ab how the consequences of a bill to remove nuclear power would vary if it was justified to protect native water sources vs if it was justified to improve energy exports and US primacy – turns their policy education good offense and justifies evaluating reps links before the consequences of the plan because their reps determine what those consequences are.3 — Overlimiting—they arbitrarily restrict debate’s locus of contestation to an 8 second plan text. Forcing them to defend the entirety of their aff incentivizes better scholarship and is more real-world. Arbitrarily severing parts of the aff decks negative preparation which link turns their fairness offense.4 — No fairness offense for them—they can still weigh consequences AND representations, justifications, and research models against the K. We just get to contest those things as well and make sequencing questions why scholarship comes first – large underlying assumptions of the aff that we draw links to are entirely predictable and if they aren’t ready to defend those fundamental parts of their aff they don’t deserve your ballot. | 2/19/22 |
janfeb t --- appropriation v1Tournament: Harvard | Round: 1 | Opponent: Strake Jesuit JK | Judge: Viren Abhyanker Interpretation— Debaters must only regulate or prohibit the appropriation of outer space by private entities. To clarify, they cannot regulate or prohibit the impacts of appropriation of outer space.Two violations:1~ they defend a subset of appropriation based on its impact ~space debris~2~ Appropriation is a term of art that doesn’t mean occupation or usage. Satellites and objects in geosynchronous orbit do not constitute appropriation – it’s not permanent nor stationaryGorove 84 Stephen Gorove, Major Legal Issues Arising from the Use of the Geostationary Orbit, 5 MICH. J. INT'L L. 3 (1984). Available at: https://repository.law.umich.edu/mjil/vol5/iss1/1 RD Debatedrills Appropriation of outer space shouldn’t be determined by one legal author saying your aff is topical – rather through the past actions of space-faring actors and what has been allowed and rejectedTrapp 13 (TIMOTHY JUSTIN TRAPP, JD Candidate @ UIUC Law, ‘13, TAKING UP SPACE BY ANY OTHER MEANS: COMING TO TERMS WITH THE NONAPPROPRIATION ARTICLE OF THE OUTER SPACE TREATY UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS LAW REVIEW ~Vol. 2013 No. 4~)DebateDrills RD As commercial space flight becomes more Standards:1~ Moving Target – they aren’t connected to one advocacy because they can always shift their advocacy; shooting a rocket into space, asteroid and lunar mining, megaconstellations, and more all cause some amount of debris – causes an infinite amount of affs and 1AR reclarification that steals all neg ground2~ Precision o/w - Their model incentivizes arbitrarily doing away with words in the resolution- outer space is a term of the art that requires a specific distinction.Drop the debater – a) they have a 7-6 rebuttal advantage and the 2ar to make args I can’t respond to, b) it deters future abuse and sets a positive norm.Competing interps: a~ arbitrary and increases judge intervention b~ you can’t be reasonably topical | 2/19/22 |
janfeb t --- nebelTournament: Harvard | Round: 5 | Opponent: South Eugene Independent KS | Judge: Andrew Shaw Interpretation – the aff may not defend that the appropriation of outer space by a certain set of private entities is unjust.Entities is a generic bare pluralNebel 20 ~Jake Nebel is an assistant professor of philosophy at the University of Southern California and executive director of Victory Briefs. He writes a lot of this stuff lol – duh.~ "Indefinite Singular Generics in Debate" Victory Briefs, 19 August 2020. no url AG It applies to this topic - entities is an existential bare plural bc it has no determinerViolation – they spec Chinese private entitiesStandards1~ Limits – they can spec infinite different countries like India, Jordan, Syria, Iran, US, SoKo, NoKo, etc.. - that’s supercharged by the ability to spec combinations of types of entities. This takes out functional limits – it’s impossible for me to research every possible combination of entities, governments, and appropriation.2~ TVA solves – just read your aff as an advantage to a whole rez aff – we don’t stop them from reading new FWs, mechanisms or advantages. PICs aren’t aff offense – a~ it’s ridiculous to say that neg potential abuse justifies the aff being non-T b~ There’s only a small number of pics on this topic c~ PICs incentivize them to write better affs that can generate solvency deficits to PICsCompeting interps – it tells the negative what we do and do not have to prepared for – reaosnability is artbirary and causes race to the bottomDTD to deter future abuse and bc we get no new DAs to whole rez in the nrNo RVIs – incentivizes baiting theory and illogical – you shouldn’t win for being fair | 2/19/22 |
novdec cp - democratic authorization v1Tournament: Apple Valley | Round: Doubles | Opponent: Mission San Jose SS | Judge: Sam Anderson, Shweta Kondapi, Lukas Krause Counterplan Text: China ought to recognize a right of workers to strike when authorized by a majority of striking workers through a secret balloting processThat solvesTenza 19 — Mlungisi Tenza (LLB, LLM, LLD @ University of KwaZulu-Natal), Investigating the need to reintroduce a ballot requirement for a protected strike in South Africa, August 1 2019, Obiter Volume 40, Issue 2, https://journals.co.za/doi/10.10520/EJC-1936af7594 WJ Non-consultation leads to intensifying violence and uncertain resultsTenza 19 — Mlungisi Tenza (LLB, LLM, LLD @ University of KwaZulu-Natal), Investigating the need to reintroduce a ballot requirement for a protected strike in South Africa, August 1 2019, Obiter Volume 40, Issue 2, https://journals.co.za/doi/10.10520/EJC-1936af7594 WJ Consensus-building increases strike success, incentivizes preemptive resolution, and significantly reduces violent strikesTenza 19 — Mlungisi Tenza (LLB, LLM, LLD @ University of KwaZulu-Natal), Investigating the need to reintroduce a ballot requirement for a protected strike in South Africa, August 1 2019, Obiter Volume 40, Issue 2, https://journals.co.za/doi/10.10520/EJC-1936af7594 WJ Protracted and violent strikes are likely and wreck developing economiesTenza 20 — Mlungisi Tenza, The Effects of Violent Strikes on the Economy of a Developing Country: a Case of South Africa, http://www.scielo.org.za/scielo.php?script=sci'arttextandpid=S1682-58532020000300004, Obiter vol.41 n.3, 2020 WJ Secret ballots ensure democratic consultation which reduces long-run poverty and violence – it ensures strikes represent workers, not leadershipTenza 19 — Mlungisi Tenza (LLB, LLM, LLD @ University of KwaZulu-Natal), Investigating the need to reintroduce a ballot requirement for a protected strike in South Africa, August 1 2019, Obiter Volume 40, Issue 2, https://journals.co.za/doi/10.10520/EJC-1936af7594 WJ Mandatory pre-strike ballots empirically increase intra-organizational cohesionOrchiston et al 19 — Alice Orchiston (Lecturer, Faculty of Law, University of New South Wales), Breen Creighton (Honorary Professor, Graduate School of Business and Law, RMIT University), Catrina Denvir (Research Fellow, Director of Ulster Legal Innovation Centre, School of Law, Ulster University), Richard Johnstone (Professor, Faculty of Law, Queensland University of Technology), and Shae Mccrystal (Professor of Labour Law, Sydney Law School, The University of Sydney), PRE-STRIKE BALLOTS AND ENTERPRISE BARGAINING DYNAMICS: AN EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS, Melbourne University Law Review, Vol 42(2):593 2019 WJ Intra-organizational democracy is key to labor power – union leadership trails worker supportVesoulis 21 — Abby Vesoulis and Julia Zorthian, Workers Are Furious. Their Unions Are Scrambling to Catch Up, https://time.com/6110014/worker-anger-unions/, October 2021 WJ | 11/6/21 |
novdec cp --- customary international lawTournament: Apple Valley | Round: 3 | Opponent: St Croix AD | Judge: Eric Melin CP: Just governments ought to formally declare that customary international law compels not enforcing restrictions and/or conditions on strikesCP solves and avoids the net benefit. CIL is legally binding and enforceable.Brudney 21 (Professor James J. Brudney is the Joseph Crowley Chair in Labor and Employment Law at Fordham Law School. Professor Brudney served for six years as Chief Counsel and Staff Director of the U.S. Senate Subcommittee on Labor. He has been Adjunct Professor of Law at the Georgetown Law Center and Visiting Professor of Law at Harvard Law School. His scholarly writing is in the areas of workplace law and statutory interpretation. Professor Brudney is co-chair of the Public Review Board for the United Auto Workers International Union, and is a member of the Committee of Experts of the International Labor Organization "The Right to Strike as Customary International Law". 2021.) Spurs and advances workers movements globally.Brudney 21 (Professor James J. Brudney is the Joseph Crowley Chair in Labor and Employment Law at Fordham Law School. Professor Brudney served for six years as Chief Counsel and Staff Director of the U.S. Senate Subcommittee on Labor. He has been Adjunct Professor of Law at the Georgetown Law Center and Visiting Professor of Law at Harvard Law School. His scholarly writing is in the areas of workplace law and statutory interpretation. Professor Brudney is co-chair of the Public Review Board for the United Auto Workers International Union, and is a member of the Committee of Experts of the International Labor Organization "The Right to Strike as Customary International Law". 2021.) Bolstering CIL regime fills Outer Space Treaty gaps and solves international space conflictKoplow 09 (David Koplow is a professor and the co-director of the Center on National Security and the Law at the Law Center. He joined the Georgetown faculty in 1981. His government service has included stints as Special Counsel for Arms Control to the General Counsel of the Department of Defense (2009-2011); as Deputy General Counsel for International Affairs at the Department of Defense (1997-1999); and as Attorney-Advisor and Special Assistant to the Director of the U.S. Arms Control and Disarmament Agency (1978-1981). He is a graduate of Harvard College and Yale Law School and a Rhodes Scholar. "ASAT-isfaction: Customary International Law and the Regulation of Anti-Satellite Weapons". 2009.) Space war goes nuclear.Johnson-Freese 17 (Joan Johnson-Freese, Professor and chair of space science and technology @ Naval War College, Space Warfare in the 21st Century, Routledge, ISBN 978131552917, p 18-20. 2017.) The global economy is recovering and is set to accelerate this year, but any shocks can devastate growthWorld Bank 21 - ~The World Bank is an international financial institution that provides loans and grants to the governments of low- and middle-income countries for the purpose of pursuing capital projects.~ "The Global Economy: on Track for Strong but Uneven Growth as COVID-19 Still Weighs" 06/08/2021 https://www.worldbank.org/en/news/feature/2021/06/08/the-global-economy-on-track-for-strong-but-uneven-growth-as-covid-19-still-weighs VS | 11/6/21 |
novdec da --- infrastructure ptxTournament: Apple Valley | Round: 3 | Opponent: St Croix AD | Judge: Eric Melin Biden’s reconciliation bill passes now but compromises are delicateCaygle and Everett 10/20 (Heather and Burgess, Congress reporters at Politico) "Dems edge closer to ditching disarray" https://www.politico.com/news/2021/10/20/dems-edge-closer-ditching-disarray-516312 EE, DebateDrills The plan gets lumped in with the reconciliation bill and causes conflictMueller 09/21/2021 (Eleanor, labor reporter) "Unions squeeze pro-labor priorities into Democrats’ spending bill" Politico, https://www.politico.com/news/2021/09/21/unions-reconciliation-bill-513423 EE, DebateDrills Infrastructure only passes if reconciliation doesCochrane et al 10/18/2021 (Emily Cochrane, Luke Broadwater, and Jonathan Weisman, NYT reporters) Biden Meets With Feuding Democrats and Expresses Confidence a Deal Can Be Reached, https://www.nytimes.com/live/2021/10/01/us/infrastructure-bill-house~~#house-infrastructure-delay-vote EE, DebateDrills Failure of the infrastructure package locks in catastrophic climate change—-extinctionPaul Bledsoe 9/4, strategic adviser at the Progressive Policy Institute and a professorial lecturer at American University’s Center for Environmental Policy. He served on the White House Climate Change Task Force under former President Bill Clinton, "Climate devastation is upon us. Congress must act.," NY Daily News, 9-4-2021, https://www.nydailynews.com/opinion/ny-oped-climate-congress-20210904-mqbe75qni5b77ocke5orzrmjce-story.html?outputType=amp | 11/6/21 |
novdec t --- aTournament: Apple Valley | Round: Doubles | Opponent: Mission San Jose SS | Judge: Sam Anderson, Shweta Kondapi, Lukas Krause Interp - The letter "A" is an indefinite article that modifies "just government" – the resolution must be proven true in all instances, not one particular instanceCCC Capital Community College ~a nonprofit 501 c-3 organization that supports scholarships, faculty development, and curriculum innovation~, "Articles, Determiners, and Quantifiers", http://grammar.ccc.commnet.edu/grammar/determiners/determiners.htm~~#articles AG Violation – They spec ChinaStandards:1~ Limits – they can spec 123 different governments - that’s supercharged by the ability to spec combinations of types of strikes. This takes out functional limits – it’s impossible for me to research every possible combination of the 195 countries and worker typesITUC 20, (International Trade Union Confederation, "World’s Worst Countries for Workers"), ITUC, 2020, https://www.ituc-csi.org/IMG/pdf/ituc'globalrightsindex'2020'en.pdf MNHS NL recut DD AG 2~ TVA solves – just read your aff as an advantage to a whole rez aff – we don’t stop them from reading new FWs, mechanisms or advantages. a~ it’s ridiculous to say that neg potential abuse justifies the aff being non-T b~ There’s only a small number of pics on this topic c~ PICs incentivize them to write better affs that can generate solvency deficits to PICsDrop the debater bc you can’t drop the arg on their advocacyNo rvis – they can dump on theory in the 1ar, chilling us from checking abuseCompeting interps – reasonability is arbtirary and causes race to the bottom | 11/6/21 |
septoct cp --- abolish WTOTournament: Loyola | Round: 5 | Opponent: Peninsula CS | Judge: Lena Mizrahi Counterplan Text:1. The World Trade Organization ought to be abolished.2. The member nations of the WTO ought to independently and without influence from international government eliminate patent protections for medicinesHawley 20 ~Mr. Hawley is a Republican senator from Missouri. The New York Times, "The W.T.O. Should Be Abolished" May 5th, 2020 https://www.nytimes.com/2020/05/05/opinion/hawley-abolish-wto-china.html T, Recut VM The WTO as an institution is unethical and perpetuates colonialism – solves caseGodrej 20 ~Dinyar Godrej, Co-editor @ New Internationalist~ 4-20, https://newint.org/features/2020/02/10/brief-history-impoverishment, VM | 9/5/21 |
septoct da --- innovationTournament: UK Season Opener | Round: 1 | Opponent: Pennsbury GB | Judge: Emmiee Malyugina Current American/COVID vaccine I.P. provide the perfect climate for innovationWilbur 21 – Tom Wilbur is Director of Public Affairs at PhRMA focusing on message development and opinion research. Prior to joining PhRMA in 2019, Tom worked on Capitol Hill and on political campaigns for nearly a decade, most recently responsible for communications, campaigns and strategy for U.S. Rep. Fred Upton and the House Energy and Commerce Committee. Tom is a proud Michigander and outside of the virtual office enjoys reading, running, hiking, golfing, and spending time with friends and family; February 12, 2021; "The latest: What they are saying: Intellectual property protections vital to COVID-19 research, development and manufacturing"; https://catalyst.phrma.org/the-latest-what-they-are-saying-intellectual-property-protections-vital-to-covid-19-research-development-and-manufacturing advay Lack of I.P. protections wreck the U.S. economy and R.O.I. because no one wants to innovate anymoreWilbur 21 – Tom Wilbur is Director of Public Affairs at PhRMA focusing on message development and opinion research. Prior to joining PhRMA in 2019, Tom worked on Capitol Hill and on political campaigns for nearly a decade, most recently responsible for communications, campaigns and strategy for U.S. Rep. Fred Upton and the House Energy and Commerce Committee. Tom is a proud Michigander and outside of the virtual office enjoys reading, running, hiking, golfing, and spending time with friends and family; February 12, 2021; "The latest: What they are saying: Intellectual property protections vital to COVID-19 research, development and manufacturing"; https://catalyst.phrma.org/the-latest-what-they-are-saying-intellectual-property-protections-vital-to-covid-19-research-development-and-manufacturing advay Reductions are detrimental to medical innovation and disease prevention – spillover turns the affABC 20 – America’s Biopharmaceutical Companies are a consortium of companies dedicated to driving innovation and collaborating to prevent disease. America's Biopharmaceutical Companies go boldly into the search for new treatments and cures, everyday. They are pioneers in innovation, ushering in a new era of treaments for patients; "How Intellectual Property Protections Spur Innovation"; 2020; https://innovation.org/en/about-us/commitment/innovation-fragility/world-ip-day-intellectual-property-protections-spur-innovation advay Anticipated economic results in nuclear war – especially for the U.S. and COVIDTønnesson 15 ~Tønnesson is a research professor at the Peace Research Institute Oslo (PRIO) in Norway and the leader of the East Asia Peace program at Uppsala University in Sweden.~ "Deterrence, interdependence and Sino–US peace." International Area Studies Review, volume 18, number 3, pgs. 297-311. 2015 recut advay | 9/11/21 |
septoct da --- pharma econTournament: Loyola | Round: 5 | Opponent: Peninsula CS | Judge: Lena Mizrahi Economy’s recovering now – Delta and inflation are challenges but surmountableSully 8/19 - Evan Sully, 8/19/21, Reuters, U.S. leading indicator points to further economic recovery in July, https://www.reuters.com/world/us/us-leading-indicator-points-further-economic-recovery-july-2021-08-19/ WJ Biotech is resilient and fundamentals are strong – but this trend relies on innovation and investmentCancherini et al 21 — Laura Cancherini is a consultant in McKinsey’s Brussels office; Joseph Lydon is an associate partner in the Zurich office, where Jorge Santos da Silva is a senior partner and Alexandra Zemp is a partner, McKinsey, What’s ahead for biotech: Another wave or low tide?, April 30, 2021, https://www.mckinsey.com/industries/pharmaceuticals-and-medical-products/our-insights/whats-ahead-for-biotech-another-wave-or-low-tide WJ Pharma collapses without strong IP protectionsBuckland 17 - Danny Buckland (award-winning journalist who writes about health, general features and news, shortlisted for the prestigious Mind Media Awards for his work covering mental health issues), April 26, 2017, "Patents are lifeblood of pharmas", https://www.raconteur.net/legal/intellectual-property/patents-are-lifeblood-of-pharmas/ WJ Biopharmaceutical research is the bedrock of our economy – even minor reductions in income result in mass unemployment and butterfly effectsSullivan 11 – Thomas Sullivan (Thomas Sullivan is Editor of Policy and Medicine, President of Rockpointe Corporation, founded in 1995 to provide continuing medical education to healthcare professionals around the world. Prior to founding Rockpointe, Thomas worked as a political consultant), July 12, 2011, Study Shows Importance of Biopharmaceutical Jobs For US Economy," Policy and Medicine, http://www.policymed.com/2011/07/study-shows-importance-of-biopharmaceutical-jobs-for-us-economy-for-every-20-billion-loss-in-revenue.html WJ Biopharma collapse causes economic meltdown – it’s far worse than previous recessionsHowrigon 17 — Ron Howrigon "(President and Founder of Fulcrum Strategies. He earned a Bachelor's degree in Business Administration from Western Michigan University and a Master's in Economics from North Carolina State University, focusing in the area of Health Economics) http://www.kevinmd.com/blog/2017/01/health-care-crash-u-s-economy.html, January 19 2017, WJ ExtinctionTønnesson 15 Stein Research Professor, Peace Research Institute Oslo; Leader of East Asia Peace program, Uppsala University, 2015, "Deterrence, interdependence and Sino–US peace," International Area Studies Review, Vol. 18, No. 3, p. 297-311 Turns case - Economic decline hampers health programs and increase disease spreadFrank 18 – Robert A.University of Ottawa. ~"Conflict and Disease: A Complex Relationship", March 2018, ~Lex AZ~, 10.18192/riss-ijhs.v7i1.1895~ | 9/5/21 |
septoct t - cannabisTournament: UK Season Opener | Round: 5 | Opponent: Acton-Boxborough BH | Judge: Matthew K-M Interpretation – Marijuana isn’t a MedicineMosley 20, Mark. "Medical Marijuana Is a Dangerous Lie." Emergency Medicine News 42.8 (2020): 2-3. (Dr. Mark Mosley is an emergency medicine physician in Wichita, Kansas and is affiliated with Wesley Healthcare Center. He received his medical degree from University of Oklahoma College of Medicine and has been in practice for more than 20 years.)Elmer Recut VM FDA and CDC definitions prove.CDC ’18 (CDC; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; 3-7-2018; "Is marijuana medicine?"; CDC; https://www.cdc.gov/marijuana/faqs/is-marijuana-medicine.html; Accessed: 9-4-2021; AU) ====Violation – the resolution calls for reductions on IP protections for medicines, but the aff prevents future patents for cannabis-derived products.==== Vote neg for limits and ground. Expanding the definition of "medicine" to anything that could be used in a medical setting floods the neg with cases to prep for – everything from new methods of chemo to upgrading stethoscopes becomes topical.Reject the team—T is question of models of debate and the damage to our strategy was already doneCompeting interps—they have to proactively to justify their model and reasonability links to our offenseno rvi’s - a~ Forces the 1NC to go all-in on Theory which kills substance education b~ Encourages Baiting since the 1AC will purposely be abusive c~ Illogical – you shouldn’t win for not being abusive. | 9/12/21 |
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