Orange Lutheran Zhang Neg
| Tournament | Round | Opponent | Judge | Cites | Round Report | Open Source | Edit/Delete |
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| Harvard Westlake | 2 | Marlborough JK | Danielle Dosch |
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| Harvard Westlake | 3 | Marlborough LK | Jonathan Jeong |
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| Harvard Westlake | 5 | Immaculate Heart JL | Quentin Clark |
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| Jack Howe | 1 | Homestead SL | Gabriela Gonzalez |
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| Jack Howe | 4 | Basis Independent Silicon Valley SK | Jared Burke |
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| Jack Howe | 6 | Honor AP | Leah Villanueva |
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| Jack Howe | Octas | Yerba Buena KN | Valorie Lam, Lukas Krause, Victoria Yonter |
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| Jack Howe | Quarters | Modernbrain JO | Elmer Yang, Lukas Krause, Ryan Koh |
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| Jack Howe | Finals | Diamond Bar NC | Ausha Curry, Benjamin Cortez, Chansey Agler |
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| Jack Howe | Semis | Nashua HS South EG | Leah Villanueva, Lukas Krause, Luan Chuang |
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| Loyola | 2 | St Croix ADe | Nathan Russell |
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| Loyola | 4 | Wenatchee JK | Richard Li |
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| Loyola | 6 | Academy of Classical Christian Studies JM | Samantha McLoughlin |
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| Loyola | Octas | Sequoia AS | Lena Mizrahi, David Dosch, Nathan Russell |
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| Meadows | 1 | Millard North JS | Asher Towner |
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| Meadows | 4 | Stockdale RP | Claudia Ribera |
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| Meadows | 6 | Immaculate Heart BC | KD Bond |
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| Meadows | Doubles | Immaculate Heart AW | Jonathan Hsu, Rafael Sanchez, Donald Fagan |
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| Meadows | Octas | Peninsula RM | Kabir Dubey, Ben Cortez, Aryan Jasani |
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| Meadows | Octas | Peninsula RM | Kabir Dubey, Ben Cortez, Aryan Jasani |
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| Orange Lutheran Invitational | Finals | Brett Fortier | Christine Korsgaard |
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| Orange Lutheran Invitational | Semis | All Are Allowed | Simply Improve |
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| Peninsula | 2 | Able2Shine EZ | Samantha McLoughlin |
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| Tournament | Round | Report |
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| Harvard Westlake | 2 | Opponent: Marlborough JK | Judge: Danielle Dosch 1ac - global commons |
| Harvard Westlake | 3 | Opponent: Marlborough LK | Judge: Jonathan Jeong 1ac - global commons |
| Harvard Westlake | 5 | Opponent: Immaculate Heart JL | Judge: Quentin Clark 1ac - china |
| Jack Howe | 1 | Opponent: Homestead SL | Judge: Gabriela Gonzalez 1ac - WTO |
| Jack Howe | 4 | Opponent: Basis Independent Silicon Valley SK | Judge: Jared Burke 1ac - Evergreening |
| Jack Howe | 6 | Opponent: Honor AP | Judge: Leah Villanueva 1ac - k aff - colonialismmoten |
| Jack Howe | Octas | Opponent: Yerba Buena KN | Judge: Valorie Lam, Lukas Krause, Victoria Yonter 1ac - vaccine racism |
| Jack Howe | Quarters | Opponent: Modernbrain JO | Judge: Elmer Yang, Lukas Krause, Ryan Koh 1AC - set col |
| Jack Howe | Finals | Opponent: Diamond Bar NC | Judge: Ausha Curry, Benjamin Cortez, Chansey Agler 1ac - evergreening |
| Jack Howe | Semis | Opponent: Nashua HS South EG | Judge: Leah Villanueva, Lukas Krause, Luan Chuang 1ac - Insulin |
| Loyola | 2 | Opponent: St Croix ADe | Judge: Nathan Russell 1ac - Structural violence |
| Loyola | 4 | Opponent: Wenatchee JK | Judge: Richard Li 1ac - biotech |
| Loyola | 6 | Opponent: Academy of Classical Christian Studies JM | Judge: Samantha McLoughlin 1ac - kant |
| Loyola | Octas | Opponent: Sequoia AS | Judge: Lena Mizrahi, David Dosch, Nathan Russell 1ac - cartelswater |
| Meadows | 1 | Opponent: Millard North JS | Judge: Asher Towner 1ac - opioids |
| Meadows | 4 | Opponent: Stockdale RP | Judge: Claudia Ribera 1ac - COVID |
| Meadows | 6 | Opponent: Immaculate Heart BC | Judge: KD Bond 1ac - malaria |
| Meadows | Doubles | Opponent: Immaculate Heart AW | Judge: Jonathan Hsu, Rafael Sanchez, Donald Fagan 1ac - CRISPR |
| Meadows | Octas | Opponent: Peninsula RM | Judge: Kabir Dubey, Ben Cortez, Aryan Jasani 1ac - vacc imperialism |
| Meadows | Octas | Opponent: Peninsula RM | Judge: Kabir Dubey, Ben Cortez, Aryan Jasani 1ac - vacc imperialism |
| Peninsula | 2 | Opponent: Able2Shine EZ | Judge: Samantha McLoughlin 1ac - cartesian metaphysics |
To modify or delete round reports, edit the associated round.
Cites
| Entry | Date |
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0 - Contact InfoTournament: Orange Lutheran Invitational | Round: Finals | Opponent: Brett Fortier | Judge: Christine Korsgaard The best way to contact me is through FB/Phone so try that before email. If you want any disclosure interps met just let me know. Phone: (626)-205-5999 | 8/3/21 |
0 - NavigationTournament: Orange Lutheran Invitational | Round: Semis | Opponent: All Are Allowed | Judge: Simply Improve | 8/3/21 |
1 - CP - African Regional InterestsTournament: Meadows | Round: 6 | Opponent: Immaculate Heart BC | Judge: KD Bond NC - CPIn the event of an African civil war, the United States ought to:Offer sustained and effective counterterrorism resistance in all African CountriesAid all African countries according to and directed by African regional interestsSolves — Hicks says the US needs to be a partner of choice. Blue.1AC Hicks et al. 3/4 ~(Marcus, a retired Air Force Major General who served as Commander of U.S. Special Operations Command, Africa, from 2017 to 2019. He previously was Chief of Staff at the U.S. Special Operations Command and a career AC-130 pilot.) Atwell (Kyle, an active-duty U.S. Army Officer, a Ph.D. student at the School of Public and International Affairs at Princeton University, and a cohost of the Irregular Warfare Podcast.) Collini (Dan, an active-duty U.S. Army Officer and a Joint Chiefs of Staff Fellow.) "Great-Power Competition Is Coming to Africa" Foreign Affairs, 3/4/2021. https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/africa/2021-03-04/great-power-competition-coming-africa~~ BC gord0 plank 1 SA More 1ac ev that says we solve better and non-US help is corrupt and inefficient, bottom-half of their ev – blue1AC Turse 19 ~(Nick, contributing writer for The Intercept, reporting on national security and foreign policy. He is the author, most recently, of "Next Time They’ll Come to Count the Dead: War and Survival in South Sudan," as well as "Tomorrow's Battlefield: U.S. Proxy Wars and Secret Ops in Africa," and "Kill Anything That Moves: The Real American War in Vietnam." He has written for the New York Times, Los Angeles Times, San Francisco Chronicle, The Nation, and Village Voice, among other publications. He has received a Ridenhour Prize for Investigative Reporting, a James Aronson Award for Social Justice Journalism, and a Guggenheim Fellowship. Turse is a fellow at The Nation Institute and the managing editor of TomDispatch.com.) "U.S. GENERALS WORRY ABOUT RISING RUSSIAN AND CHINESE INFLUENCE IN AFRICA, DOCUMENTS SHOW" The Intercept, 8/13/2019. https://theintercept.com/2019/08/13/russia-china-military-africa/~~ BC gord0 plank 2 SA | 10/31/21 |
1 - CP - BankersTournament: Loyola | Round: Octas | Opponent: Sequoia AS | Judge: Lena Mizrahi, David Dosch, Nathan Russell 1NC - CPThe United States ought prosecute bank employees involved in money laundering for drug trafficking organizations.That’s the best way to fight cartels – eliminates funding and support.Morris ’13 (Evelyn Krache, Research Fellow, International Security Program, Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs @ JFK School of Govt, Harvard; Think Again: Mexican Drug Cartels; Dec 3;www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2013/12/03/think'again'mexican'drug'cartels) | 9/6/21 |
1 - CP - CCSTournament: Loyola | Round: 4 | Opponent: Wenatchee JK | Judge: Richard Li 1NC – CPThe United States federal government should provide subsidies for the creation of a pipeline and storage system for carbon capture and sequestration.That commercializes the industry – ensures a transition to CCS.Schrag ‘9 – Researcher at Harvard (Daniel, Steering Committee Member, "Making Carbon Capture and Storage Work; Acting in Time on Energy Policy", Harvard Project on Climate Agreements, pp. 39-55. Book. Acc. 6/1/16) Only CCS can solve warming.Cohen ‘9 – Environment Director (Armond, Executive Director of the Clean Air Task Force, Mike Fowler, Kurt Waltzer, May 2009, "’NowGen’: Getting Real about Coal Carbon Capture and Sequestration", The Electricity Journal, 22.4, pp. 25-42. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1040619009000906. Acc. 6/1/16) | 9/5/21 |
1 - CP - CILTournament: Jack Howe | Round: Semis | Opponent: Nashua HS South EG | Judge: Leah Villanueva, Lukas Krause, Luan Chuang NC - CPThe United States federal judiciary ought to hold that intellectual property protections for insulin violates customary international law.The CP solves and sets precedent for binding incorporation of customary lawKundmueller ‘2 ~Michelle; May 1; Attorney specializing in constitutional law, candidate for a J.D. and M.A. in Political Theory from the University of Notre Dame, B.A. from Flagler College; Journal of Legislation, "Note: The Application of Customary International Law in US Courts: Custom, Convention, or Pseudolegislation?" vol. 28~ Applying customary law to economic paradigms caps a laundry list of global crises—-extinctionNagan ’14 ~Winston; April 20; Professor of Law at the University of Florida, LL.M. from Duke University, J.D. from Yale University, M.A. from Oxford University; Cadmus, "The Crisis of the Existing Global Paradigm of Governance and Political Economy," vol. 2~ That’s vital now to prevent several existential risksKohler 20 (Manfred Kohler, founder of the Regulatory Institute, regulatory expert with over 25 years’ experience working in different state administrations and international organisations, trained colleagues in the European Commission from 28 countries on regulatory techniques and the method of law-making, "The Need for Global Protections Against Existential Risks," The Regulatory Review, 6-11-2020, https://www.theregreview.org/2020/06/11/kohler-need-global-protections-against-existential-risks/) | 9/27/21 |
1 - CP - EmergenciesTournament: Meadows | Round: Octas | Opponent: Peninsula RM | Judge: Kabir Dubey, Ben Cortez, Aryan Jasani 1NC – CPCP: "Member nations of the WTO" should declare medical inequality a national emergency based on oppression and issue compulsory licenses for relevant medicines. Member nations should offer regulatory and legal assistance to nations filing a compulsory license.It’s goldilocks - protects patents while allowing urgent access – the perm or the aff shatters IP protections while the CP strikes an accepted balanceBacchus 2020 (James, Adjunct Fellow, Cato Institute, former U.S. Representative (D-FL), and former Chairman, World Trade Organization’s Appellate Body. "An Unnecessary Proposal: A WTO Waiver of Intellectual Property Rights for COVID-19 Vaccines," Cato https://www.cato.org/free-trade-bulletin/unnecessary-proposal-wto-waiver-intellectual-property-rights-covid-19-vaccines~~#balancing-ip-rights-access-medicines-not-new-wto December 16, 2020)DR 21 Compulsory licensing solves access and spills over to distribution of green tech - empirics and past precedentAT: Can’t manufacture—can import from foreign firms Diffusion occurs and solves climate. The issue is inexperience and lack of political willAt: WTO backlash- CL for climate now, just from U.S. Balancing patent protection with rapid transfer of green tech is the only way to solve climate changeProbst et al. 2021 (Benedict Probst, University of Cambridge. PhD on economics of clean energy transition from the University of Cambridge. Simon Touboul, MINES Paris Tech, PSL University, Matthieu Glachant MINES ParisTech and Antoine Dechezleprête, OECD. "Global Trends in the Innovation and Diffusion of Climate Change Mitigation Technologies," pre-print under review in Nature Portfolio. https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-266803/v1 Last updated Feb. 2021)DR 21 Short-term action to mitigate climate change solves extinction and nuclear warPester 8/30/21 (Patrick, staff writer for Live Science. His background is in wildlife conservation and he has worked with endangered species around the world. Patrick holds a master's degree in international journalism from Cardiff University in the U.K. and is currently finishing a second master's degree in biodiversity, evolution and conservation in action at Middlesex University London. Citing Luke Kemp, a research associate at the Centre for the Study of Existential Risk at the University of Cambridge in the United Kingdom AND Michael Mann, PhD, distinguished professor of atmospheric science at Penn State. "Could climate change make humans go extinct?" https://www.livescience.com/climate-change-humans-extinct.html August 30, 2021)DR 21 | 1/15/22 |
1 - CP - EmergenciesTournament: Meadows | Round: Octas | Opponent: Peninsula RM | Judge: Kabir Dubey, Ben Cortez, Aryan Jasani 1NC – CPCP: "Member nations of the WTO" should declare medical inequality a national emergency based on oppression and issue compulsory licenses for relevant medicines. Member nations should offer regulatory and legal assistance to nations filing a compulsory license.It’s goldilocks - protects patents while allowing urgent access – the perm or the aff shatters IP protections while the CP strikes an accepted balanceBacchus 2020 (James, Adjunct Fellow, Cato Institute, former U.S. Representative (D-FL), and former Chairman, World Trade Organization’s Appellate Body. "An Unnecessary Proposal: A WTO Waiver of Intellectual Property Rights for COVID-19 Vaccines," Cato https://www.cato.org/free-trade-bulletin/unnecessary-proposal-wto-waiver-intellectual-property-rights-covid-19-vaccines~~#balancing-ip-rights-access-medicines-not-new-wto December 16, 2020)DR 21 Compulsory licensing solves access and spills over to distribution of green tech - empirics and past precedentAT: Can’t manufacture—can import from foreign firms Diffusion occurs and solves climate. The issue is inexperience and lack of political willAt: WTO backlash- CL for climate now, just from U.S. Balancing patent protection with rapid transfer of green tech is the only way to solve climate changeProbst et al. 2021 (Benedict Probst, University of Cambridge. PhD on economics of clean energy transition from the University of Cambridge. Simon Touboul, MINES Paris Tech, PSL University, Matthieu Glachant MINES ParisTech and Antoine Dechezleprête, OECD. "Global Trends in the Innovation and Diffusion of Climate Change Mitigation Technologies," pre-print under review in Nature Portfolio. https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-266803/v1 Last updated Feb. 2021)DR 21 Short-term action to mitigate climate change solves extinction and nuclear warPester 8/30/21 (Patrick, staff writer for Live Science. His background is in wildlife conservation and he has worked with endangered species around the world. Patrick holds a master's degree in international journalism from Cardiff University in the U.K. and is currently finishing a second master's degree in biodiversity, evolution and conservation in action at Middlesex University London. Citing Luke Kemp, a research associate at the Centre for the Study of Existential Risk at the University of Cambridge in the United Kingdom AND Michael Mann, PhD, distinguished professor of atmospheric science at Penn State. "Could climate change make humans go extinct?" https://www.livescience.com/climate-change-humans-extinct.html August 30, 2021)DR 21 | 1/15/22 |
1 - CP - NaloxoneTournament: Meadows | Round: 1 | Opponent: Millard North JS | Judge: Asher Towner 1NC – CPDoctors should:Complete comprehensive risk assessments for dual disorders,Dictate all opioid overdoses addiction-related, not accidental in the ER,Prescribe naloxone for overdosed patients, andUse a continuing care approach with 5-year frequent drug testing, contingency management, comorbid psychiatric treatment, urine drug testing, and mutual support groups.Change the way that secondary patents are given by requiring a medically and biologically proven improvement====Solves the crisis.==== | 10/30/21 |
1 - CP - ObviousnessTournament: Jack Howe | Round: 4 | Opponent: Basis Independent Silicon Valley SK | Judge: Jared Burke CP – AdvantageStates should add more stringent requirements for filing secondary patents for medicines as outlined by 1NC NewsomeRequirements:Utility requirement through increased efficacy Solves innovationNewsome 17, A ~(JD candidate George Washington School of Law). (2017). Side effects of evergreening may include decreased competition and increased prices in the pharmaceutical industry. AIPLA Quarterly Journal, 45(4), 791-822~ Justin | 9/19/21 |
1 - CP - Patent PrizeTournament: Loyola | Round: 6 | Opponent: Academy of Classical Christian Studies JM | Judge: Samantha McLoughlin 1NC – CPThe member nations of the World Trade Organization should form an intellectual property system that uses patents, prizes, grants, and tax credits for medicines.The counterplan solves the aff’s concerns with squo patent policy – the solution isn’t to waive patents, but to restructure IP programs.Hemel and Ouellette 13 ~Daniel Hemel received his J.D. from Yale Law School in 2012 and his M.Phil. from the University of Oxford in 2009. Lisa Larrimore Ouellette is a Visiting Fellow at the Yale Law School Information Society Project; she received her J.D. from Yale Law School in 2011 and her Ph.D. in Physics from Cornell University in 2008.) "Beyond the Patents–Prizes Debate," Texas Law Review, 4-7-2013~ SM The problem is that squo patent law is too rigid – the counterplan solves.Grimes 21 ~Warren Grimes: Irving D and Florence Rosenberg Professor of Law, Southwestern Law School, Los Angeles, USA) "Perverse Results from Pharmaceutical Patents in the United States," International Review of Intellectual Property and Competition Law, 4-28-2021~ SM | 9/5/21 |
1 - CP - SCOTUSTournament: Jack Howe | Round: 4 | Opponent: Basis Independent Silicon Valley SK | Judge: Jared Burke CP — SCOTUSSCOTUS CP:States except the United States ought to reduce intellectual property protections for medicines by implementing a one-and-done approach for patent protection.The United States Federal Judiciary ought to rule that not reducing intellectual property protections for medicines by implementing a one-and-done approach for patent protection is unconstitutional.Solves and they can do it – empirical influence over medicineCapone 20 ~Connie Capone, writer for MDLinx, September 3, 2020. "Court rulings that changed medicine" https://www.mdlinx.com/article/court-rulings-that-changed-medicine/147FEf8WGxGdBQI4b8HG7u Accessed 8/27 gord0~ The Courts are key —- reaffirming judicial supremacy is necessary to check back on majoritarian power and preserve a system of checks and balances —- that prevents the collapse of democracyRedish and Heins 16 ~Martin Redish, Louis and Harriet Ancel Professor of Law and Public Policy, Northwestern University School of Law. Matthew Heins, B.A. 2009, University of Southern California; J.D. 2015, Northwestern University School of Law. "Premodern Constitutionalism." April 15, 2016. https://scholarship.law.wm.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=3651andcontext=wmlr~~ Democratic backsliding causes extinction.Kendall-Taylor 16 ~Andrea; Deputy national intelligence officer for Russia and Eurasia at the National Intelligence Council, Senior associate in the Human Rights Initiative at the Center for Strategic and International Studies in Washington; "How Democracy’s Decline Would Undermine the International Order," CSIS; 7/15/16; https://www.csis.org/analysis/how-democracyE28099s-decline-would-undermine-international-order/~~ Justin Aff is congress1~ Spec – lack of it in the 1ac means default to 1nc NM ev. Anything else lets the 1ar shift the direction of the aff based on the 1nc strategy which crowds out the only core generics on the topic. Normal means doesn’t solve bc they will contest it in the 1ar and change their strategy based on the 1nc. No infinite regress because we only want you to spec one thing. CX doesn’t check because we construct the 1nc pre-round and debaters are intentionally shifty to avoid deep clash.2~ Congress for this topic.Orelli and Speights 5/29 ~Dr. Orelli is a Senior Biotech Specialist. He has written about biotech, pharmaceutical, and medical device companies for The Motley Fool since 2007. May 29, 2021. "Will Patent Waivers Hurt COVID-19 Vaccine Companies?" Will Patent Waivers Hurt COVID-19 Vaccine Companies? | The Motley Fool Accessed 9/3 gord0~ | 9/19/21 |
1 - CP - Tech TransferTournament: Loyola | Round: 2 | Opponent: St Croix ADe | Judge: Nathan Russell The USFG should:Supply multinational pharmaceutical corporations with generous financial inducements to build vaccine production capacity throughout the worldCreate a network of producers to vaccinate individuals abroadPass legislation that limits shareholder suitsStrip existing patents from companies that do not comply with capacity-building strategies through tech transferKay et. al. 5/13 ~Tamara Kay is a sociologist studying trade, global health and globalization at the Keough School of Global Affairs, University of Notre Dame. Adnan Naseemullah is an international relations scholar at King's College London. Susan Ostermann is a political scientist at the Keough School of Global Affairs, Notre Dame and a former attorney at O'Melveny and Myers LLP, specializing in intellectual property law.) "Waiving patents isn't enough — we need technology transfer to defeat COVID" The Hil, Opinion Contributors: Healthcare, 5/13/21, 2:01 PM EDT, https://thehill.com/opinion/healthcare/553368-waiving-patents-isnt-enough-we-need-technology-transfer-to-defeat-covid?rl=1~~ RM | 9/4/21 |
1 - DA - 301Tournament: Jack Howe | Round: 6 | Opponent: Honor AP | Judge: Leah Villanueva 1NC – DAThe aff violates section 301 of the trade act deeming it illegitimateRoberts 6/9 ~James M. Roberts is Research Fellow for Economic Freedom and Growth in the Center for International Trade and Economics, of the Kathryn and Shelby Cullom Davis Institute for National Security and Foreign Policy, at The Heritage Foundation. Gavin Zhao of the Heritage Young Leaders Program assisted in the preparation of this report. June 9, 2021 "Biden’s Wink at Global Theft of U.S. Vaccine Patents Is Bad for America and the World" https://www.heritage.org/economic-and-property-rights/report/bidens-wink-global-theft-us-vaccine-patents-bad-america-and-the gord0 link is being weird af but it works!~ Decks executive controlCoffield 81 ~Shirley A. Coffield, UNC School of Law, "Using Section 301 of the Trade Act of 1974 as a Response to Foreign Government Trade Actions: When, Why, and How", 6 N.C. J. INT'L L.381 (1981). https://scholarship.law.unc.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi referer=https://search.yahoo.com/andhttpsredir=1andarticle=1144andcontext=ncilj gord0~ Exec Flex in all instances creates fluid politics that uniquely solves nuclear terrorYoo 7, ~The one and only John Yoo is Professor of Law at UC-Berkeley, Exercising Wartime Powers, hir.harvard.edu/article/?a=1369 recut gord0~ | 9/19/21 |
1 - DA - BioterrorTournament: Loyola | Round: 2 | Opponent: St Croix ADe | Judge: Nathan Russell 1NC – DABiotech is the new frontier; America is ahead but China is dangerously closeGupta 6/11 ~Gaurav Gupta, Biotech Investor, Founder of Ascendant BioCapital, a life science investment firm based in New York. Previously, Gaurav worked at OrbiMed Advisors, and served as a resident in neurological surgery at Columbia University Medical Center. He has co-authored over a dozen articles in peer-reviewed journals, filed a patent on a device for use in spine surgery, and edited a book on the technical and ethical implications of using tissue engineered products in the operating room. Dr. Gupta obtained his M.D. from the Stanford University School of Medicine, where he was a Paul and Daisy Soros Fellow, and B.S. and M.S.E. in biomedical engineering from Johns Hopkins University, where he was a Charles R. Westgate Scholar.) "As Washington Ties Pharma’s Hands, China Is Leaping Ahead" Barron’s Magazine: Commentary, China., 6/11/2021~ RM The plan recapitulates IP to China, destroying competitive advantagesWSJ 5/6 ~Wall Street Journal Editorial Board, WSJ Opinion Philosophy: "We speak for free markets and free people, the principles, if you will, marked in the watershed year of 1776 by Thomas Jefferson's Declaration of Independence and Adam Smith's "Wealth of Nations." So over the past century and into the next, the Journal stands for free trade and sound money; against confiscatory taxation and the ukases of kings and other collectivists; and for individual autonomy against dictators, bullies and even the tempers of momentary majorities." Edited by Paul A. Gigot and Daniel Henninger, "Biden’s Vaccine IP Debacle: His patent heist is a blow to the Covid fight and U.S. biotech." The WSJ Opinion: Review and Outlook, May 6, 2021~ RM China will leapfrog the US through biotech primacyCumbers 20 ~John Cumbers, "I am the founder and CEO of SynBioBeta, the leading community of innovators, investors, engineers, and thinkers who share a passion for using synthetic biology to build a better, more sustainable universe. I publish the weekly SynBioBeta Digest, host the SynBioBeta Podcast, and wrote "What’s Your Biostrategy?", the first book to anticipate how synthetic biology is going to disrupt virtually every industry in the world. I also founded BetaSpace, a space settlement innovation network and community of visionaries, technologists, and investors accelerating the industries needed to sustain human life here and off-planet. I’ve been involved with multiple startups, I am an operating partner and investor at the hard tech investment fund Data Collective, and I'm a former bioengineer at NASA. I earned my PhD in Molecular Biology, Cell Biology, and Biochemistry from Brown University and am originally from the UK.") "China’s Plan To Beat The U.S. In The Trillion-Dollar Global Bioeconomy" Forbes, 2/3/2020~ RM Heg solves arms races, land grabs, rogue states, and great power warBrands 18 ~Hal, Henry Kissinger Distinguished Professor at Johns Hopkins University's School of Advanced International Studies and a senior fellow at the Center for Strategic and Budgetary Assessments." American Grand Strategy in the Age of Trump." Page 129-133~ | 9/4/21 |
1 - DA - BioterrorTournament: Meadows | Round: Octas | Opponent: Peninsula RM | Judge: Kabir Dubey, Ben Cortez, Aryan Jasani NC - DACovid exposed new vulnerabilities and motivation for bioterror BUT technical challenges still outweigh.Koblentz and Kiesel 7/14 ~Gregory D. Koblentz (Deputy Director of the Biodefense Graduate Program and Assistant Professor of Government and Politics in the Department of Public and International Affairs at George Mason University) and Stevie Kiesel (Biodefense PhD Student, Schar School of Policy and Government, George Mason University). "The COVID-19 Pandemic: Catalyst or Complication for Bioterrorism?". Studies in Conflict and Terrorism. Published online 14 Jul 2021. Accessed 7/22/21. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/1057610X.2021.1944023?journalCode=uter20 Xu recut Adam~ IP protections are the only limit on proliferating dual-use biotech – losing patents puts financial pressure on companies to outsource RandD, which skyrockets bioterror acquisition.Finlay 10 ~Brian Finlay (President and Chief Executive Officer of the Stimson Center, M.A. from the Norman Patterson School of International Affairs at Carleton University, a graduate diploma from the School of Advanced International Studies, the Johns Hopkins University and an honors B.A. from Western University in Canada). "The Bioterror Pipeline: Big Pharma, Patent Expirations, and New Challenges to Global Security". The Fletcher Forum of World Affairs. Vol. 34, No. 2 (Summer 2010), pp. 51-64. https://www.jstor.org/stable/45289504?seq=1~~#metadata'info'tab'contents Xu~ COVID resulted in mass on-shoring of RandD – only price incentives can convince them to stay.Mullin 20 Rick Mullin 4-27-2020 "COVID-19 is reshaping the pharmaceutical supply chain" https://cen.acs.org/business/outsourcing/COVID-19-reshaping-pharmaceutical-supply/98/i16 (BA English Literature, Drew University, 1980. Business journalist covering engergy, chemicals, pharmaceuticals, and information technology for various publications including Chemical Week since 1983)Elmer Bioterrorism causes Extinction – overcomes any conventional defense.Walsh 19, Bryan. End Times: A Brief Guide to the End of the World. Hachette Books, 2019. (Future Correspondent for Axios, Editor of the Science and Technology Publication OneZero, Former Senior and International Editor at Time Magazine, BA from Princeton University)Elmer | 1/15/22 |
1 - DA - BioterrorTournament: Meadows | Round: Octas | Opponent: Peninsula RM | Judge: Kabir Dubey, Ben Cortez, Aryan Jasani NC - DACovid exposed new vulnerabilities and motivation for bioterror BUT technical challenges still outweigh.Koblentz and Kiesel 7/14 ~Gregory D. Koblentz (Deputy Director of the Biodefense Graduate Program and Assistant Professor of Government and Politics in the Department of Public and International Affairs at George Mason University) and Stevie Kiesel (Biodefense PhD Student, Schar School of Policy and Government, George Mason University). "The COVID-19 Pandemic: Catalyst or Complication for Bioterrorism?". Studies in Conflict and Terrorism. Published online 14 Jul 2021. Accessed 7/22/21. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/1057610X.2021.1944023?journalCode=uter20 Xu recut Adam~ IP protections are the only limit on proliferating dual-use biotech – losing patents puts financial pressure on companies to outsource RandD, which skyrockets bioterror acquisition.Finlay 10 ~Brian Finlay (President and Chief Executive Officer of the Stimson Center, M.A. from the Norman Patterson School of International Affairs at Carleton University, a graduate diploma from the School of Advanced International Studies, the Johns Hopkins University and an honors B.A. from Western University in Canada). "The Bioterror Pipeline: Big Pharma, Patent Expirations, and New Challenges to Global Security". The Fletcher Forum of World Affairs. Vol. 34, No. 2 (Summer 2010), pp. 51-64. https://www.jstor.org/stable/45289504?seq=1~~#metadata'info'tab'contents Xu~ COVID resulted in mass on-shoring of RandD – only price incentives can convince them to stay.Mullin 20 Rick Mullin 4-27-2020 "COVID-19 is reshaping the pharmaceutical supply chain" https://cen.acs.org/business/outsourcing/COVID-19-reshaping-pharmaceutical-supply/98/i16 (BA English Literature, Drew University, 1980. Business journalist covering engergy, chemicals, pharmaceuticals, and information technology for various publications including Chemical Week since 1983)Elmer Bioterrorism causes Extinction – overcomes any conventional defense.Walsh 19, Bryan. End Times: A Brief Guide to the End of the World. Hachette Books, 2019. (Future Correspondent for Axios, Editor of the Science and Technology Publication OneZero, Former Senior and International Editor at Time Magazine, BA from Princeton University)Elmer | 1/15/22 |
1 - DA - EuroTournament: Jack Howe | Round: Finals | Opponent: Diamond Bar NC | Judge: Ausha Curry, Benjamin Cortez, Chansey Agler 1NC – DAThe Euro is on the brink – its collapse is not inevitable, but likely if trends continueKern 20 ~Soeren Kern is a Distinguished Senior Fellow of the Gatestone Institute, and the Senior Analyst for Transatlantic Relations at the Madrid-based Grupo de Estudios Estratégicos / Strategic Studies Group. A political scientist by training, Soeren specializes in European politics as well as US and European defense- and security-related issues. April, 2020. "Coronavirus: The Looming Collapse of Europe’s Single Currency" https://www.gatestoneinstitute.org/15856/coronavirus-euro-collapse Accessed 8/23/21 gord0~ IPR is critical in influencing the EU’s economic outputEUIPO 20 ~European Union Intellectual Property Office. June, 2020. "2020 status report on IPR infringement" ask me for the pdf. Accessed 8/23/21 gord0~ Euro collapse ensures Eurozone destruction and a ripple effect globally.Phillips 10 ~Julian Phillips is the Founding Partner of Gold Forecaster - Global Watch and Silver Forecaster ~incorporating Platinum~. Mr. Phillips analyzes the gold, silver, and platinum market alongside the macro economic currency aspects of these precious metals. April 30, 2010. "What will Happen to Currencies if the Euro Collapses?" https://www.gold-eagle.com/article/what-will-happen-currencies-if-euro-collapses Accessed 8/23/21 gord0~ Interdependence generates tension and goes nuclearTønnesson 15 ~(Stein, Research Professor, Peace Research Institute Oslo; Leader of East Asia Peace program, Uppsala University) "Deterrence, interdependence and Sino–US peace," International Area Studies Review, Vol. 18, No. 3, p. 297-311, 2015~ SJDI | 9/27/21 |
1 - DA - FilibusterTournament: Meadows | Round: Octas | Opponent: Peninsula RM | Judge: Kabir Dubey, Ben Cortez, Aryan Jasani NC – DAFilibuster reform passes now — Biden PC is key.Carney 10-22 — Reporter for the Hill. (Jordan; Published: October 22, 2021; "Biden injects new momentum into filibuster fight"; The Hill; Accessed: October 24, 2021; https://thehill.com/homenews/senate/578118-biden-injects-new-momentum-into-filibuster-fight)//CYang The plan decks PC that could be used on filibusterBhadrakumar 5/11 ~M.K. Bhadrakumar is a former Indian diplomat. May 11, 2021. "Why Biden’s Vaccine IP Waiver is Political Theatre" https://www.counterpunch.org/2021/05/11/why-bidens-vaccine-ip-waiver-is-political-theatre/ Accessed 8/27 gord0~ That’s key to effective climate mitigation strategies.Kaplan and Davenport 19 — Kaplan is a correspondent in the Washington bureau of The New York Times. He joined The Times in 2010 and has reported on politics and government for the past decade. Davenport covers energy and environmental policy, with a focus on climate change, from The Times's Washington bureau. (Thomas and Carol; Published: July 10, 2019; "Ambitious Climate Plans Might Need a Radical Legislative One: Ending the Filibuster"; New York Times; Accessed: October 27, 2021; https://www.nytimes.com/2019/07/10/us/politics/climate-change-filibuster.html)//CYang Warming causes extinction — leads to severe weather conditions, ecosystem collapse and armed conflict.Sprat and Dunlop 19 — Spratt is Research Director for Breakthrough National Centre for Climate Restoration, Melbourne, and co-author of Climate Code Red: The case for emergency action. Dunlop is a member of the Club of Rome. Formerly an international oil, gas and coal industry executive, chairman of the Australian Coal Association, chief executive of the Australian Institute of Company Directors, and chair of the Australian Greenhouse Office Experts Group on Emissions Trading 1998-2000. (David and Ian; Published: May 2019; "Existential climate-related security risk: A scenario approach"; Breakthrough Policy Paper; Accessed: April 9, 2021; http://mycoasts.org/commons/library/2019'Spratt'Dunlop.pdf)//CYang | 1/15/22 |
1 - DA - FilibusterTournament: Meadows | Round: Octas | Opponent: Peninsula RM | Judge: Kabir Dubey, Ben Cortez, Aryan Jasani NC – DAFilibuster reform passes now — Biden PC is key.Carney 10-22 — Reporter for the Hill. (Jordan; Published: October 22, 2021; "Biden injects new momentum into filibuster fight"; The Hill; Accessed: October 24, 2021; https://thehill.com/homenews/senate/578118-biden-injects-new-momentum-into-filibuster-fight)//CYang The plan decks PC that could be used on filibusterBhadrakumar 5/11 ~M.K. Bhadrakumar is a former Indian diplomat. May 11, 2021. "Why Biden’s Vaccine IP Waiver is Political Theatre" https://www.counterpunch.org/2021/05/11/why-bidens-vaccine-ip-waiver-is-political-theatre/ Accessed 8/27 gord0~ That’s key to effective climate mitigation strategies.Kaplan and Davenport 19 — Kaplan is a correspondent in the Washington bureau of The New York Times. He joined The Times in 2010 and has reported on politics and government for the past decade. Davenport covers energy and environmental policy, with a focus on climate change, from The Times's Washington bureau. (Thomas and Carol; Published: July 10, 2019; "Ambitious Climate Plans Might Need a Radical Legislative One: Ending the Filibuster"; New York Times; Accessed: October 27, 2021; https://www.nytimes.com/2019/07/10/us/politics/climate-change-filibuster.html)//CYang Warming causes extinction — leads to severe weather conditions, ecosystem collapse and armed conflict.Sprat and Dunlop 19 — Spratt is Research Director for Breakthrough National Centre for Climate Restoration, Melbourne, and co-author of Climate Code Red: The case for emergency action. Dunlop is a member of the Club of Rome. Formerly an international oil, gas and coal industry executive, chairman of the Australian Coal Association, chief executive of the Australian Institute of Company Directors, and chair of the Australian Greenhouse Office Experts Group on Emissions Trading 1998-2000. (David and Ian; Published: May 2019; "Existential climate-related security risk: A scenario approach"; Breakthrough Policy Paper; Accessed: April 9, 2021; http://mycoasts.org/commons/library/2019'Spratt'Dunlop.pdf)//CYang | 1/15/22 |
1 - DA - InfrastructureTournament: Loyola | Round: Octas | Opponent: Sequoia AS | Judge: Lena Mizrahi, David Dosch, Nathan Russell 1NC - DAInfrastructure passes given recent changes, but its closePramuk 8/24 ~Jacob, Digital politics reporter at CNBC. August 24, 2021. "House Democrats clear path toward passing $3.5 trillion budget bill and infrastructure plan after breaking stalemate" https://www.cnbc.com/2021/08/24/house-passes-budget-resolution-advances-infrastructure-bill.html Accessed 8/27 gord0~ Cannabis legislation costs Biden floortime and kills bipartisanship.Roberts '21 (Chris Roberts; Chris Roberts is an award-winning investigative reporter with bylines in VICE, The Daily Beast, The Guardian, The Verge, Curbed, Forbes, SF Weekly, and others; 2-7-2021; "On Marijuana Reform, Joe Biden Will Disappoint You"; https://whowhatwhy.org/opinion/on-marijuana-reform-joe-biden-will-disappoint-you/, WhoWhatWhy, accessed 9-6-2021; JPark) Bill key to prevent infrastructure disaster from Grid CollapsePPG, 3/4/2021 (MAR 4, 2021 9:00 PM, Pittsburgh Post-Gazette Editorial Board. Invest in infrastructure. March 4, 2021. https://www.post-gazette.com/opinion/editorials/2021/03/05/Invest-in-infrastructure/stories/202102270028, recut by JMP) Grid collapse causes extinction.Greene ’19 ~Sherrell R.; Nuclear Engineering M.S. degrees from the University of Tennessee, recognized subject matter expert in nuclear reactor safety, nuclear fuel cycle technologies, and advanced reactor concept development, worked at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) for over three decades, as Director of Research Reactor Development Programs and Director of Nuclear Technology Programs; "Enhancing Electric Grid, Critical Infrastructure, and Societal Resilience with Resilient Nuclear Power Plants (rNPPs)," Nuclear Technology 205(3), https://ans.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/00295450.2018.1505357?needAccess=true recut gord0~ | 9/6/21 |
1 - DA - Infrastructure v2Tournament: Meadows | Round: 1 | Opponent: Millard North JS | Judge: Asher Towner 1NC - DAInfrastructure will pass now – dems are just touching up detailsDuehren 10/29 ~Andrew Duehren covers Congress and U.S. politics from The Wall Street Journal's Washington bureau. October 29, 2021. "Democrats Tackle Final Details of Biden’s $1.85 Trillion Framework" https://www.wsj.com/articles/democrats-tackle-final-details-of-bidens-1-85-trillion-framework-11635536447 Accessed 10/29 gord0~ The plan decks PC that could be used on infrastructureBhadrakumar 5/11 ~M.K. Bhadrakumar is a former Indian diplomat. May 11, 2021. "Why Biden’s Vaccine IP Waiver is Political Theatre" https://www.counterpunch.org/2021/05/11/why-bidens-vaccine-ip-waiver-is-political-theatre/ Accessed 8/27 gord0~ Biden’s PC is what got it through the Senate, and its key now.Smith and Gambino 10/1 ~David Smith is the Guardian's Washington DC bureau chief. Lauren Gambino is political correspondent for Guardian US, based in Washington DC. October 1, 2021. "Biden upbeat on rare Capitol Hill visit but domestic agenda hangs in jeopardy" https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2021/oct/01/democrats-congress-biden-infrastructure-talks Accessed 10/25 gord0~ Infrastructure reform solves Existential Climate Change – it results in spill-over.USA Today 7-20 7-20-2021 "Climate change is at 'code red' status for the planet, and inaction is no longer an option" https://www.usatoday.com/story/opinion/todaysdebate/2021/07/20/climate-change-biden-infrastructure-bill-good-start/7877118002/ Elmer | 10/30/21 |
1 - DA - InnovationTournament: Loyola | Round: 2 | Opponent: St Croix ADe | Judge: Nathan Russell 1NC – DABiotech RandD is set for high growth and investment nowNASDAQ 8/9 ~NASDAQ is a stock market index that includes almost all stocks listed on the Nasdaq stock exchange. Along with the Dow Jones Industrial Average and SandP 500, it is one of the three most-followed stock market indices in the United States. This article was written by NASDAQ contributors and published on CNBC. The editorial staff of CNBC did not contribute to the creation of this study.) "Why the Nasdaq Biotechnology Index is poised for a run of sustainable growth" CNBC, NASDAQ, 8/9/2021, https://www.cnbc.com/advertorial/2021/08/09/why-the-nasdaq-biotechnology-index-is-poised-for-a-run-of-sustainable-growth-.html~~ RM IPR protections are key to sustain healthcare investments and manufacturing. Independently, it’s key to broader vaccine production.Roberts 6/25/21 ~James M. Roberts is a Research Fellow for Economic Freedom and Growth at the Heritage Foundation. Roberts' primary responsibility as one of The Heritage Foundation's lead experts in economic freedom and growth is to edit the Rule of Law and Monetary Freedom sections of Index of Economic Freedom. An influential annual analysis of the economic climate of countries throughout the world, the Index is co-published by Heritage and The Wall Street Journal.) "Biden’s OK of Global Theft of America’s Intellectual Property is Wrong, Dangerous." 6/25/2021, The Heritage Foundation, Commentary—Public Health~ RM COVID was a precursor to deadlier pandemics—vaccine production will determine everything.Lander 8/4/21 ~Eric Lander, President Biden’s Science Advisory and Director of the White House Office of Science and Technology Policy) "Opinion: As bad as Covid-19 has been, a future pandemic could be even worse—unless we act now" 8/4/21, The Washington Post~ RM Ecosystem sensitivity from climate change means future pandemics will cause extinction—assumes COVIDSupriya 4/19 ~Lakshmi Supriya got her BSc in Industrial Chemistry from IIT Kharagpur (India) and a Ph.D. in Polymer Science and Engineering from Virginia Tech (USA). She has more than a decade of global industry experience working in the USA, Europe, and India. After her Ph.D., she worked as part of the RandD group in diverse industries starting with semiconductor packaging at Intel, Arizona, where she developed a new elastomeric thermal solution, which has now been commercialized and is used in the core i3 and i5 processors. From there she went on to work at two startups, one managing the microfluidics chip manufacturing lab at a biotechnology company and the other developing polymer formulations for oil extraction from oil sands. She also worked at Saint Gobain North America, developing various material solutions for photovoltaics and processing techniques and new applications for fluoropolymers. Most recently, she managed the Indian RandD team of Enthone (now part of MacDermid) developing electroplating technologies for precious metals.) "Humans versus viruses - Can we avoid extinction in near future?" News Medical Life Sciences, 4/19/21, https://www.news-medical.net/news/20210419/Humans-versus-viruses-Can-we-avoid-extinction-in-near-future.aspx~~ RM | 9/4/21 |
1 - K - AbleismTournament: Meadows | Round: Doubles | Opponent: Immaculate Heart AW | Judge: Jonathan Hsu, Rafael Sanchez, Donald Fagan NC - KTheir framing of Genomic Medicines as "solving disease" excludes "biologically deficient" folk in favor of improved genes, which perpetuates ableism. Reject them.Sufian et al 2/16 ~Sandy Sufian and Rosemarie Garland-Thomson, writers for Scientific American. Feb 16, 2021. "The Dark Side of CRISPR" https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/the-dark-side-of-crispr/ Accessed 9/8 gord0~ The affirmative should have to justify the representations that shape their research modelSarrica and Contarello 4 (Muro Sarrica – Department of General Psychology at the University of Padova and Alberta Contarello – PhD, Department of Philosophy, Sociology, Education and Social Psychology, Section of Applied Psychology at the University of Padova "Peace, War and Conflict: Social Representations Shared by Peace Activists and Non-Activists," September 2004, Vol. 41, No. 5 http://jpr.sagepub.com/content/41/5/549)//PC | 11/1/21 |
1 - K - CapTournament: Jack Howe | Round: 6 | Opponent: Honor AP | Judge: Leah Villanueva NC – KThe aff’s rejection of the specific details of political engagement is not radical but continues the prevailing mode of leftist cynicism that eviscerates our ability to construct alternatives to political dominationBurgum 15 (Samuel, PhD candidate in Sociology at the University of Warwick and has been conducting research with Occupy London since 2012, "The branding of the left: between spectacle and passivity in an era of cynicism," Journal for Cultural Research, Volume 19, Issue 3) Delinking from colonial pedagogy trades off with the the universal struggle against capital by over-valorizing particular cultural formationsChibber 14 – Associate professor of sociology at New York University ~Vivek, "Postcolonial Thought’s Blind Alley," http://www.middle-east-online.com/english/?id=65868~~ After a long AND a universalising capitalism. Unchecked capitalist expansion guarantees escalating global violence and destruction – their politics of individualized micro-practices fractures the necessary political condensation required to overthrow capital while the alt solves case.Jodi Dean 15, Professor of Political Theory at Hobart and William Smith Colleges, 2015, "Red, Black, and Green," Rethinking Marxism: A Journal of Economics, Culture and Society, Vol. 27, No. 3, p. 396-404 Vote negative to affirm the form of the party. The method of the Party is distinct and exclusive with the method of the 1AC – a negative ballot foregrounds political organization and commonality against capitalDean and Mertz 16 (Jodi Dean, Professor of Humanities and Social Sciences @ Hobart and William Smith Colleges and Chuck Mertz, Host at This is Hell!, The JFRP: For a New Communist Party, aNtiDoTe Zine, Jan 23 2016) | 9/19/21 |
1 - K - HegemonyTournament: Jack Howe | Round: Quarters | Opponent: Modernbrain JO | Judge: Elmer Yang, Lukas Krause, Ryan Koh KPrimacy solves every threat – reject old defense that ignores the convergence of unstable alliances, rogue states, and the emergence of great power competition – maining tech dominance is key to military overmatch, and decline causes arms races and land grabs that escalateBrands 18. ~Hal, Henry Kissinger Distinguished Professor at Johns Hopkins University's School of Advanced International Studies and a senior fellow at the Center for Strategic and Budgetary Assessments." American Grand Strategy in the Age of Trump." Page 129-133~ Retrenchment causes nuclear war from global prolif and deterrence collapse – the cost of balancing alone spurs unchecked nationalist aggression, and future instabilities guarantee Jacksonian interventions that are more destructive than forward presenceFay 17. ~Mathew, Director of Defense and Foreign Policy Studies The Niskanen Center. "America Unrestrained?: Engagement, Retrenchment, and Libertarian Foreign Policy." 11/16. https://niskanencenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/America-Unrestrained.pdf. Page 20-24~ On-Nuanced debates about the necessity of American internationalism lock in deep engagement – the public primed to ignore the systemic benefits of great-power peace in favor of shallow indictments of its cost. Don’t let American strategy become a victim of its own successBrands 18. ~Hal, Henry Kissinger Distinguished Professor at Johns Hopkins University's School of Advanced International Studies and a senior fellow at the Center for Strategic and Budgetary Assessments." American Grand Strategy in the Age of Trump." Page 21-23~ it has helped produce an international order that is exceptional in its stability, liberalism, and benefits for the United States. Not least, they will need to make the case that the costs that the country has borne in support of that order are designed to avoid the necessity of bearing vastly higher costs if the international scene returned to a more tumultuous state. After all, the success of American statecraft is often reflected in the bad things that don’t happen as well as in the good things that do. Making this point is essential to reconsolidating domestic support now and in the future—and to preserving a grand strategy that has delivered pretty good results for a quarter century. | 9/27/21 |
1 - K - HotspottingTournament: Meadows | Round: 1 | Opponent: Millard North JS | Judge: Asher Towner 1NC - KMedical hot-spotting is a neoliberal tactic of somatic policing that gets mobilized to increase policing and culturally banish racial others to uncontained racial violence. That greenlights big pharma exploitation, and stops vaccine distribution, which turns the case.Krupar and Ehlers 17 (Shiloh, Geographer and Provost's Distinguished Associate Professor at Georgetown University, Nadine, Professor of Social and Political Sciences @ the University of Sydney, "Biofutures: Race and the governance of health," Environment and Planning D: Society and Space 2017, Vol. 35(2) 222–240, Page 228-232) The alternative is to adopt a social medicine approach to health. Solves the case by ensuring ground-up medicine access and connects violence to poverty. Only the alternative stops capitalist health organizing, which reduces drug prices.Mohan J. DUTTA 15, Professor and Head of the Department of Communications and New Media at the National University of Singapore, Adjunct Professor of Communication at the Brian Lamb School of Communication at Purdue University ~Neoliberal Health Organizing, 2015, p. 231-234~ | 10/30/21 |
1 - K - Hotspotting v2Tournament: Meadows | Round: 6 | Opponent: Immaculate Heart BC | Judge: KD Bond NC - KMedical hot-spotting is a neoliberal tactic of somatic policing that gets mobilized to increase policing and culturally banish racial others to uncontained racial violence. That greenlights big pharma exploitation, and stops vaccine distribution, which turns the case. We are internal link turning 1ac Aars – vaccine market development reorganizes capitalism, while maintaining high costs which prevent access.Krupar and Ehlers 17 (Shiloh, Geographer and Provost's Distinguished Associate Professor at Georgetown University, Nadine, Professor of Social and Political Sciences @ the University of Sydney, "Biofutures: Race and the governance of health," Environment and Planning D: Society and Space 2017, Vol. 35(2) 222–240, Page 228-232) Regulating intellectual property participates in a scarcity logic that re-affirms a broader market ownership over information – that consolidates neoliberal control through a shift to private protections, even if the individual act of the aff is goodSoderberg 1 ~Johan, BA from Falmouth College of the Arts. "Copyleft vs Copyright: A Marxist Critique" https://firstmonday.org/article/view/938/860~~** Capitalism is quickly reaching its ecological, structural, and psychological limits and causes near-term extinction – laundry list.Robinson 16 (William, Professor of sociology, global studies and Latin American studies at the University of California at Santa Barbara. His most recent book is Global Capitalism and the Crisis of Humanity. | "Sadistic Capitalism: Six Urgent Matters for Humanity in Global Crisis" in Truth-out, April 12, 2016. http://www.truth-out.org/opinion/item/35596-sadistic-capitalism-six-urgent-matters-for-humanity-in-global-crisis )tbrooks The alternative is to adopt a social medicine approach to health. Solves the case by ensuring ground-up medicine access and connects violence to poverty. Only the alternative stops capitalist health organizing, which reduces drug prices.Mohan J. DUTTA 15, Professor and Head of the Department of Communications and New Media at the National University of Singapore, Adjunct Professor of Communication at the Brian Lamb School of Communication at Purdue University ~Neoliberal Health Organizing, 2015, p. 231-234~ | 10/31/21 |
1 - K - NeoliberalismTournament: Jack Howe | Round: 1 | Opponent: Homestead SL | Judge: Gabriela Gonzalez NC - KApocalyptic pandemic reps lock in a neoliberal risk society of anxiety and health inequality that spreads disease. Independently, the aff masks health neoliberalism by spreading vaccine arms races horizontally instead of vertically.Mannathukkaren 14 The alternative is to adopt a social medicine approach to health.Mohan J. DUTTA 15, Professor and Head of the Department of Communications and New Media at the National University of Singapore, Adjunct Professor of Communication at the Brian Lamb School of Communication at Purdue University ~Neoliberal Health Organizing, 2015, p. 231-234~ | 9/18/21 |
1 - K - Weed NeoliberalismTournament: Loyola | Round: Octas | Opponent: Sequoia AS | Judge: Lena Mizrahi, David Dosch, Nathan Russell NC – KIncreasing the scope and scale of the marijuana industry feeds racialized wealth inequality.Mabee 19 – Carmen Mabee is a student at University of Colorado, Boulder. ("Gentrifying Marijuana: The Construction of Whiteness Through Legalized Marijuana," 4-19-2019, pg. 5-7) julian Neoliberal exploitation causes extinction.Clark 18 (Brett, associate professor of sociology and sustainability studies at the University of Utah; Stefano B. Longo, Assistant Professor specializing in Environmental Sociology at NC State; "Land–Sea Ecological Rifts", Land–Sea Ecological Rifts, https://monthlyreview.org/2018/07/01/land-sea-ecological-rifts/) The alternative is to adopt a social medicine approach to health.Mohan J. DUTTA 15, Professor and Head of the Department of Communications and New Media at the National University of Singapore, Adjunct Professor of Communication at the Brian Lamb School of Communication at Purdue University ~Neoliberal Health Organizing, 2015, p. 231-234~ Neoliberal rhetorical framing is a relevant epistemological concernKeshavjee 14 | 9/6/21 |
1 - NC - MonismTournament: Loyola | Round: Octas | Opponent: Sequoia AS | Judge: Lena Mizrahi, David Dosch, Nathan Russell NC – NCThe standard is consistency with metaphysics. Metaphysics is the foundation of philosophy and action – the correct theory ensures consistency with reality. Landauer et al, Landauer, Jeff, and Joseph Rowlands. Reason Is Absolute, www.importanceofphilosophy.com/Metaphysics'Main.html. Metaphysics is a prerequisite to any other moral theory.Objects are only differentiable because of space between them, but since those spaces are just new objects, there must be a space between the space and the object, which would just become a new object. Thus, plurality is impossible since any way of distinguishing between things just bridges the distinction.Assuming plurality, anything can be infinitely subdivided to create different objects within an object. Monism solves division altogether since the thesis of monism is that you can't divide an object into other objects.Now Negate:The resolutional statement's truth is dependent on there being distinctions between things – nations and intellectual property. If there is one thing, then you vote neg on presumption. | 9/6/21 |
1 - NC - RendallTournament: Jack Howe | Round: Octas | Opponent: Yerba Buena KN | Judge: Valorie Lam, Lukas Krause, Victoria Yonter NC – NCThe standard is maximizing expected net well beingParalysis is wrongRendall 17, Matthew Rendall, Lecturer in Politics and International Relations at the University of Nottingham Political Science degree from Columbia University, "PASCALIAN WAGERING AND CATASTROPHIC RISK: THE WEITZMAN-NORDHAUS DEBATE", 5/9/17, https://www.nottingham.ac.uk/climateethicseconomics/documents/papers-workshop-5/rendall.pdf CC Risk is magnitude times probability—balances their framing with ours—BUT, probability first falls prey to psychological biases and leads to mass death.Clarke ‘8 ~Lee, member of a National Academy of Science committee that considered decision-making models, Anschutz Distinguished Scholar at Princeton University, Fellow of AAAS, Professor Sociology (Rutgers), Ph.D. (SUNY), "Possibilistic Thinking: A New Conceptual Tool for Thinking about Extreme Events," Fall, Social Research 75.3, JSTOR~ Extinction first—-ethical obligation to future generations and forecloses massive potential value.GPP 17 – ~(Global Priorities Project, Future of Humanity Institute at the University of Oxford, Ministry for Foreign Affairs of Finland) "Existential Risk: Diplomacy and Governance," 2017, Global Priorities Project, https://www.fhi.ox.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/Existential-Risks-2017-01-23.pdf~~ TDI | 9/20/21 |
1 - NC - Rendall v2Tournament: Meadows | Round: 1 | Opponent: Millard North JS | Judge: Asher Towner Extinction first—-ethical obligation to future generations and forecloses massive potential value. | 10/30/21 |
1 - NC - Rendall v3Tournament: Meadows | Round: Octas | Opponent: Peninsula RM | Judge: Kabir Dubey, Ben Cortez, Aryan Jasani NC – NCParalysis is wrongRendall 17, Matthew Rendall, Lecturer in Politics and International Relations at the University of Nottingham Political Science degree from Columbia University, "PASCALIAN WAGERING AND CATASTROPHIC RISK: THE WEITZMAN-NORDHAUS DEBATE", 5/9/17, https://www.nottingham.ac.uk/climateethicseconomics/documents/papers-workshop-5/rendall.pdf CC Risk is magnitude times probability—balances their framing with ours—BUT, probability first falls prey to psychological biases and leads to mass death.Clarke ‘8 ~Lee, member of a National Academy of Science committee that considered decision-making models, Anschutz Distinguished Scholar at Princeton University, Fellow of AAAS, Professor Sociology (Rutgers), Ph.D. (SUNY), "Possibilistic Thinking: A New Conceptual Tool for Thinking about Extreme Events," Fall, Social Research 75.3, JSTOR~ Extinction is the only coherent and egalitarian framework and has massive value – prefer itKhan 18 (Risalat, activist and entrepreneur from Bangladesh passionate about addressing climate change, biodiversity loss, and other existential challenges. He was featured by The Guardian as one of the "young climate campaigners to watch" (2015). As a campaigner with the global civic movement Avaaz (2014-17), Risalat was part of a small core team that spearheaded the largest climate marches in history with a turnout of over 800,000 across 2,000 cities. After fighting for the Paris Agreement, Risalat led a campaign joined by over a million people to stop the Rampal coal plant in Bangladesh to protect the Sundarbans World Heritage forest, and elicited criticism of the plant from Crédit Agricolé through targeted advocacy. Currently, Risalat is pursuing an MPA in Environmental Science and Policy at Columbia University as a SIPA Environmental Fellow, "5 reasons why we need to start talking about existential risks," https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2018/01/5-reasons-start-talking-existential-risks-extinction-moriori/) Turns suffering – mass death causes suffering because people can’t get access to resources and basic necessities | 1/15/22 |
1 - NC - Rendall v3Tournament: Meadows | Round: Octas | Opponent: Peninsula RM | Judge: Kabir Dubey, Ben Cortez, Aryan Jasani NC – NCParalysis is wrongRendall 17, Matthew Rendall, Lecturer in Politics and International Relations at the University of Nottingham Political Science degree from Columbia University, "PASCALIAN WAGERING AND CATASTROPHIC RISK: THE WEITZMAN-NORDHAUS DEBATE", 5/9/17, https://www.nottingham.ac.uk/climateethicseconomics/documents/papers-workshop-5/rendall.pdf CC Risk is magnitude times probability—balances their framing with ours—BUT, probability first falls prey to psychological biases and leads to mass death.Clarke ‘8 ~Lee, member of a National Academy of Science committee that considered decision-making models, Anschutz Distinguished Scholar at Princeton University, Fellow of AAAS, Professor Sociology (Rutgers), Ph.D. (SUNY), "Possibilistic Thinking: A New Conceptual Tool for Thinking about Extreme Events," Fall, Social Research 75.3, JSTOR~ Extinction is the only coherent and egalitarian framework and has massive value – prefer itKhan 18 (Risalat, activist and entrepreneur from Bangladesh passionate about addressing climate change, biodiversity loss, and other existential challenges. He was featured by The Guardian as one of the "young climate campaigners to watch" (2015). As a campaigner with the global civic movement Avaaz (2014-17), Risalat was part of a small core team that spearheaded the largest climate marches in history with a turnout of over 800,000 across 2,000 cities. After fighting for the Paris Agreement, Risalat led a campaign joined by over a million people to stop the Rampal coal plant in Bangladesh to protect the Sundarbans World Heritage forest, and elicited criticism of the plant from Crédit Agricolé through targeted advocacy. Currently, Risalat is pursuing an MPA in Environmental Science and Policy at Columbia University as a SIPA Environmental Fellow, "5 reasons why we need to start talking about existential risks," https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2018/01/5-reasons-start-talking-existential-risks-extinction-moriori/) Turns suffering – mass death causes suffering because people can’t get access to resources and basic necessities | 1/15/22 |
1 - NC - UtilTournament: Loyola | Round: 2 | Opponent: St Croix ADe | Judge: Nathan Russell FramingThe standard is maximizing expected net well-being.Prefer for actor specificityA~ Aggregation – every policy benefits some and harms others, which also means side constraints freeze action.B~ Pleasure and pain are intrinsically valuable. People consistently regard pleasure and pain as good reasons for action, despite the fact that pleasure doesn’t seem to be instrumentally valuable for anything.Moen 16 ~Ole Martin Moen, Research Fellow in Philosophy at University of Oslo "An Argument for Hedonism" Journal of Value Inquiry (Springer), 50 (2) 2016: 267–281~ SJDI C~ Only consequentialism explains degrees of wrongness—if I break a promise to meet up for lunch, that is not as bad as breaking a promise to take a dying person to the hospital. Only the consequences of breaking the promise explain why the second one is much worse than the first.Reject calc indicts:A~ Empirically denied—both individuals and policymakers carry out effective cost-benefit analysis which means even if decisions aren’t always perfect it’s still better than not acting at allUtil is a lexical pre-requisite to any other framework: Threats to life preclude the ability for moral actors to effectively utilize and act upon other moral theories since they are in a constant state of crisis – that inhibits the ideal moral conditions which other theories presuppose, which turns and outweighs their framework.High magnitude, low probability firstBostrom 13 ~(Nick, Philosopher and professor (Oxford), Ph.D. (LSOE), director of The Future of Humanity Institute and the Programme on the Impacts of Future Technology), "Existential Risk Prevention as Global Priority," Global Policy, Vol 4, Issue 1, http://www.existential-risk.org/concept.html~~ TDI | 9/4/21 |
1 - NC - Util v2Tournament: Jack Howe | Round: Quarters | Opponent: Modernbrain JO | Judge: Elmer Yang, Lukas Krause, Ryan Koh NC – NCThe standard is maximizing expected net well-being.Prefer for actor specificityA~ Aggregation – every policy benefits some and harms others, so the only non arbitrary and justifiable way for governments to act is to maximize well being – anything else is tautological and devalues certain bodies which links back to their critique of invisible violence.B~ ~ Extinction o/ws under any framework- moral uncertainty and future gensPummer 15 — (Theron Pummer, Junior Research Fellow in Philosophy at St. Anne's College, University of Oxford, "Moral Agreement on Saving the World", Practical Ethics University of Oxford, 5-18-2015, Available Online at http://blog.practicalethics.ox.ac.uk/2015/05/moral-agreement-on-saving-the-world/, accessed 7-2-2018, HKR-AM) we do not endorse ableist language= | 9/27/21 |
1 - PIC - Counter-Hegemonic DiscourseTournament: Jack Howe | Round: Quarters | Opponent: Modernbrain JO | Judge: Elmer Yang, Lukas Krause, Ryan Koh 1NC – PICCP: We endorse the counter-hegemonic discourse the aff endorses but disagree the member nations of the World Trade Organization ought to reduce intellectual property protections for traditional medicines to zero.The pre fiat post fiat distinction is meaningless – you should be responsible for the consequences and implications of the arguments you present – especially since the 1AC says that even though we should theorize decol, we should still imagine the hypothetical implementation of the resolution – worst case, think of this as a word PIC out of their defense of the rez.Biotech RandD is set for high growth and investment nowNASDAQ 8/9 ~NASDAQ is a stock market index that includes almost all stocks listed on the Nasdaq stock exchange. Along with the Dow Jones Industrial Average and SandP 500, it is one of the three most-followed stock market indices in the United States. This article was written by NASDAQ contributors and published on CNBC. The editorial staff of CNBC did not contribute to the creation of this study.) "Why the Nasdaq Biotechnology Index is poised for a run of sustainable growth" CNBC, NASDAQ, 8/9/2021, https://www.cnbc.com/advertorial/2021/08/09/why-the-nasdaq-biotechnology-index-is-poised-for-a-run-of-sustainable-growth-.html~~ RM 50 of medicine comes from TMEiland 08 ~Dr. Eiland received a doctorate in Oriental Archaeology from Oxford University and an LLM from the Munich Intellectual Property Law Center~, "Patenting Traditional Medicine", Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH and Co. KG, pg. 7-10, 2008 SLC PK IPR protections are key to sustain healthcare investments and manufacturing. Independently, it’s key to broader vaccine production.Roberts 6/25/21 ~James M. Roberts is a Research Fellow for Economic Freedom and Growth at the Heritage Foundation. Roberts' primary responsibility as one of The Heritage Foundation's lead experts in economic freedom and growth is to edit the Rule of Law and Monetary Freedom sections of Index of Economic Freedom. An influential annual analysis of the economic climate of countries throughout the world, the Index is co-published by Heritage and The Wall Street Journal.) "Biden’s OK of Global Theft of America’s Intellectual Property is Wrong, Dangerous." 6/25/2021, The Heritage Foundation, Commentary—Public Health~ RM COVID was a precursor to deadlier pandemics—vaccine production will determine everything.Lander 8/4/21 ~Eric Lander, President Biden’s Science Advisory and Director of the White House Office of Science and Technology Policy) "Opinion: As bad as Covid-19 has been, a future pandemic could be even worse—unless we act now" 8/4/21, The Washington Post~ RM | 9/27/21 |
1 - PIC - Indigenous FolksTournament: Jack Howe | Round: Octas | Opponent: Yerba Buena KN | Judge: Valorie Lam, Lukas Krause, Victoria Yonter NC – CPCP: The member nations of the World Trade Organization ought to reduce intellectual property protections for all medicines except for medicines created by indigenous folks, for which all ownership ought to be transferred to the indigenous communities that originally developed the medicine.Ngoc Tang, 3-24-2020, Finance Major, CSULB 2021, "The Importance of Native American Intellectual Property," California State University, Long Beach, https://www.csulb.edu/college-of-business/legal-resource-center/article/the-importance-of-native-american-intellectual SR *brackets in text* The CP gives indigenous nations resources for self sovereignty and centers discussions around native demands, which better allows for the accessibility of those medicinesSimon Brascoupé and Karin Endemann, Fall 1999, INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY AND ABORIGINAL PEOPLE: A WORKING PAPER https://www.wipo.int/export/sites/www/tk/en/databases/creative'heritage/docs/ip'aboriginal'people.pdf SR | 9/20/21 |
1 - PIC - NanomedicineTournament: Meadows | Round: Octas | Opponent: Peninsula RM | Judge: Kabir Dubey, Ben Cortez, Aryan Jasani NC - CPMember nations of the World Trade Organization ought to reduce intellectual property protections for medicines except for Nanomedicines. Member nations ought to substantially increase the use and production of Nanomedicines.IPR key to Nanotechnology production – our ev is pharma specific and indicates that nanotech requires a competitive advantage that is impossible without IPSiri et al 20 ~Siri, Jothiratna G S et al. "Nanotechnology and Protection of Intellectual Property: Emerging Trends." Recent patents on nanotechnology vol. 14,4 (2020): 307-327. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32532198/ Accessed 9/23 gord0~ Nanomedicines solve diseaseUnderstanding Nano 07 ~Understanding Nano. 2007. "Nanotechnology in Medicine - Nanoparticles in Medicine" https://www.understandingnano.com/medicine.html~~#:~~:text=One20application20of20nanotechnology20in20medicine20currently20being,cells2C20which20allows20direct20treatment20of20those20cells. Accessed 9/23 gord0~ Extinction – virulence and multiple diseasesPiers Millett 17, Consultant for the World Health Organization, PhD in International Relations and Affairs, University of Bradford, Andrew Snyder-Beattie, "Existential Risk and Cost-Effective Biosecurity", Health Security, Vol 15(4), http://online.liebertpub.com/doi/pdfplus/10.1089/hs.2017.0028 | 1/15/22 |
1 - PIC - NanomedicineTournament: Meadows | Round: Octas | Opponent: Peninsula RM | Judge: Kabir Dubey, Ben Cortez, Aryan Jasani NC - CPMember nations of the World Trade Organization ought to reduce intellectual property protections for medicines except for Nanomedicines. Member nations ought to substantially increase the use and production of Nanomedicines.IPR key to Nanotechnology production – our ev is pharma specific and indicates that nanotech requires a competitive advantage that is impossible without IPSiri et al 20 ~Siri, Jothiratna G S et al. "Nanotechnology and Protection of Intellectual Property: Emerging Trends." Recent patents on nanotechnology vol. 14,4 (2020): 307-327. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32532198/ Accessed 9/23 gord0~ Nanomedicines solve diseaseUnderstanding Nano 07 ~Understanding Nano. 2007. "Nanotechnology in Medicine - Nanoparticles in Medicine" https://www.understandingnano.com/medicine.html~~#:~~:text=One20application20of20nanotechnology20in20medicine20currently20being,cells2C20which20allows20direct20treatment20of20those20cells. Accessed 9/23 gord0~ Extinction – virulence and multiple diseasesPiers Millett 17, Consultant for the World Health Organization, PhD in International Relations and Affairs, University of Bradford, Andrew Snyder-Beattie, "Existential Risk and Cost-Effective Biosecurity", Health Security, Vol 15(4), http://online.liebertpub.com/doi/pdfplus/10.1089/hs.2017.0028 | 1/15/22 |
1 - PIC - USTournament: Loyola | Round: Octas | Opponent: Sequoia AS | Judge: Lena Mizrahi, David Dosch, Nathan Russell 1NC – CPText: The member nations of the WTO except the United States should delay patent protection for cannabis. | 9/6/21 |
1 - PIC - US v2Tournament: Meadows | Round: 1 | Opponent: Millard North JS | Judge: Asher Towner 1NC - CPMember nations of the World Trade Organization, except the United States, ought to reduce intellectual property protections for medicines by implementing a one-and-done approach for patent protection. | 10/30/21 |
1 - PIC - US v3Tournament: Meadows | Round: Doubles | Opponent: Immaculate Heart AW | Judge: Jonathan Hsu, Rafael Sanchez, Donald Fagan | 11/1/21 |
1 - T - CRISPRTournament: Meadows | Round: Doubles | Opponent: Immaculate Heart AW | Judge: Jonathan Hsu, Rafael Sanchez, Donald Fagan NC – TMedicines are substances used to prevent, diagnose, or treat harms.MRS 20 ~(MAINE REVENUE SERVICE SALES, FUEL and SPECIAL TAX DIVISION) "A REFERENCE GUIDE TO THE SALES AND USE TAX LAW" https://www.maine.gov/revenue/sites/maine.gov.revenue/files/inline-files/Reference20Guide202020.pdf December 2020~ SS CRISPR is a platform technology, not a medicine.Editas Medicine ~(a clinical-stage biotechnology company which is developing therapies based on CRISPR–Cas9 gene editing technology)., No Date, CRISPR Gene Editing, https://www.editasmedicine.com/crispr-gene-editing/~~ Justin
| 11/1/21 |
1 - T - ConditionsTournament: Jack Howe | Round: 1 | Opponent: Homestead SL | Judge: Gabriela Gonzalez NC – TInterp: "Reduce" means net decrease—merely conditioning reductions isn’t topical.Waxman 82—(Speaker of the House). Harry Waxman. Public Law 87-253, Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1982, 97th US Congress, Sept 8, 1982, Lexis E) Prior to approving any application for a refund, the Secretary shall require evidence that such reduction in marketings has taken place and that such reduction is a net decrease in marketings of milk and has not been offset by expansion of production in other production facilities in which the person has an interest or by transfer of partial interest in the production facility or by the taking of any other action. which is a scheme or device to qualify for payment. When authorized to ‘reduce’ the affirmative gets to decrease or eliminate —- changing the terms is not a reductionNebraska AG 73 (Office of the Attorney General of the State of Nebraska, 1973 Neb. AG LEXIS 25)BB In Commonwealth v. Dodson, 11 S. E. 2d 120, 176 Va. 281, the Virginia Supreme Court ~*4~ stated that an item in an appropriation bill is an indivisible sum of money dedicated to a stated purpose. In State ex rel. Meyer v. State Board of Equalization and Assessment, 185 Neb. 490, 176 N. W. 2d 920, the court referred to and noted certain appropriation items. It also referred to five appropriation items, one of which was, for example, land acquisition (Medical Center, University of Nebraska) in the amount of one million dollars. This is certainly a clear example of an item of appropriation. It has been held that the power to veto item does not carry with it the power to strike out conditions or restrictions. Commonwealth v. Dodson, 11 S. E. 2d 120, 176 Va. 281. Under a Massachusetts constitutional provision which authorized the Governor to disapprove or reduce items or parts of items in any bill appropriating money the fact that the section relates solely to appropriation bills in conjunction with the word reduce shows that the expression "items or parts of items" refers to separable fiscal units and under such section, power is conferred on the Governor to reduce the sum of money appropriated ~*5~ or to disapprove the appropriation entirely, but no power is conferred on him to change the terms of an appropriation except by reducing its amount. In re Opinion of the Justices, 2 N. E. 2d 789, 294 Mass. 616. Violation: they only reduce during pandemicsVote neg:1—Limits—there’s dozens of conditions that the aff could use to justify offsets in expansion: manufacturing, innovation, distribution, etc—makes NEG prep impossible.2—Ground—they don’t result in a tangible change to a world without IP Protections, unless the conditions are triggered—wrecks DA ground predicated on IPR good | 9/18/21 |
1 - T - Conditions v2Tournament: Jack Howe | Round: 4 | Opponent: Basis Independent Silicon Valley SK | Judge: Jared Burke NC – TInterp: Reduce means unconditional and permanentReynolds 59 – Judge (In the Matter of Doris A. Montesani, Petitioner, v. Arthur Levitt, as Comptroller of the State of New York, et al., Respondents ~NO NUMBER IN ORIGINAL~ Supreme Court of New York, Appellate Division, Third Department 9 A.D.2d 51; 189 N.Y.S.2d 695; 1959 N.Y. App. Div. LEXIS 7391 August 13, 1959, lexis) Violation: The plan is voluntaryVote neg for limits and ground – they can defend affs that are extremely time-limited, which moots core neg ground predicated on the structure of IPR and long term impacts. Allows the aff to no link out of every Disad, and means we have to resort to stale generics | 9/19/21 |
1 - T - EliminateTournament: Meadows | Round: Octas | Opponent: Peninsula RM | Judge: Kabir Dubey, Ben Cortez, Aryan Jasani NC – TInterpretation: Eliminate means to destroy while reduce is to lessenWikiDiff ~WikiDiff, "Reduce vs Eliminate," https://wikidiff.com/reduce/eliminate, accessed 11-1-2021 azhang~ Violation: They say eliminateVote neg for stable ground and limits: the topic specifically says reduce to prevent complete elimination or destruction of IP, kills neg ground because I can’t read any CPs or DAs that assume reductions and means they can spec anything like "replace" IP which eplodes limitsDTD on T— indicts their ability to read the aff and the debate shouldn’t have happened to begin w if the aff was abusiveCompeting Interps on T since its binary and a question of models—reasonability arbitrary | 1/15/22 |
1 - T - EliminateTournament: Meadows | Round: Octas | Opponent: Peninsula RM | Judge: Kabir Dubey, Ben Cortez, Aryan Jasani NC – TInterpretation: Eliminate means to destroy while reduce is to lessenWikiDiff ~WikiDiff, "Reduce vs Eliminate," https://wikidiff.com/reduce/eliminate, accessed 11-1-2021 azhang~ Violation: They say eliminateVote neg for stable ground and limits: the topic specifically says reduce to prevent complete elimination or destruction of IP, kills neg ground because I can’t read any CPs or DAs that assume reductions and means they can spec anything like "replace" IP which eplodes limitsDTD on T— indicts their ability to read the aff and the debate shouldn’t have happened to begin w if the aff was abusiveCompeting Interps on T since its binary and a question of models—reasonability arbitrary | 1/15/22 |
1 - T - FWTournament: Jack Howe | Round: 6 | Opponent: Honor AP | Judge: Leah Villanueva 1NC - TThe aff should defend governmental action"Resolved:" refers to a legislative debate.Louisiana State Legislature 16, "Glossary of Legislative Terms," http://www.legis.state.la.us/glossary2.htm Failing to defend topical action decimates the quality of debate for two reasons—1. Competitive equity—any alternative to our model of the topic as a baseline for discussion wrecks it—it’s impossible to negate alternative frameworks with the ground allocated to us by the parameters of the resolution2. Truth testing—they moot the role of the negative which is to force the aff to defend their core assumptions—allowing affs to reframe the debate around their terms makes engagement impossible3. Clash – letting the aff pick the topic skews the balance of prep to unpredictable literature bases and ensures that our research is always irrelevant.Switch side debate is preferable and solves – they literally criticize the WTOThe TVA solves – Read the aff as an impact of the implementation of a plan that reaffirms things like the COVAX initiative - solves enough of their offense for a risk of ours to outweighDrop the debater for deterrence and skewing negative prepFairness is a voter – debate is a game and is the terminal impact to debate.Competing interps on T – You have to win that your interp is net better, which cultivates better grounds for clash. Reasonability dissolves the brightline for T because it says we can be "almost" topical. | 9/19/21 |
1 - T - FW v2Tournament: Jack Howe | Round: Quarters | Opponent: Modernbrain JO | Judge: Elmer Yang, Lukas Krause, Ryan Koh 1NC – TInterpretation: Affirmatives must defend a hypothetical government action that Member Nations of the WTO ought to reduce intellectual property protections for medicines"Resolved" requires a policy.Merriam Webster '18 (Merriam Webster; 2018 Edition; Online dictionary and legal resource; Merriam Webster, "resolve," https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/resolve; RP)
Member nations of the WTO are the 164 countrieshttps://www.wto.org/english/thewto'e/whatis'e/tif'e/org6'e.htm Medicines prevent, diagnose, or treat disease and injuryMRS 20 ~(MAINE REVENUE SERVICE SALES, FUEL and SPECIAL TAX DIVISION) "A REFERENCE GUIDE TO THE SALES AND USE TAX LAW" https://www.maine.gov/revenue/sites/maine.gov.revenue/files/inline-files/Reference20Guide202020.pdf December 2020~ SS Intellectual property includes four thingsBrewer 19 ~(Trevor, advises clients on business structuring and sale transactions, regulatory compliance, third-party contracts, liability protection and general matters facing small business owners. His focus extends beyond legal advice and includes business strategy and wealth preservation.) "WHAT ARE THE FOUR BASIC TYPES OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS?" Brewer Long, 5/16/19. https://brewerlong.com/information/business-law/four-types-of-intellectual-property/~~ RR Failing to defend topical action decimates the quality of debate for two reasons—1. Competitive equity—any alternative to our model of the topic as a baseline for discussion wrecks it—it’s impossible to negate alternative frameworks with the ground allocated to us by the parameters of the resolution—all 2AC defense to this claim will rely on concessionary ground which isn’t a stable basis for a year of debate. Vote negative to preserve limits – the resolution is the most predictable stasis point for debates, anything outside of that ruins prep and clash by allowing the affirmative to pick any grounds for debate. That greenlights a race away from the core topic controversies that allow for robust contestation, which favors the aff by making neg ground inapplicable, susceptible to the perm, and concessionary.2. Truth testing—they moot the role of the negative which is to force the aff to defend their core assumptions—allowing affs to reframe the debate around their terms makes engagement impossible—outweighs and turns the aff because clash is the only way to translate anything debate gives us outside of the activity.3. Clash – letting the aff pick the topic skews the balance of prep to unpredictable literature bases and ensures that our research is always irrelevant. Tying the aff to a previously agreed-upon topic is key to incentivize in-depth strategies that directly clash with the 1AC – they force us to rely on generics which results in worse debates overall and undermines the educational value of the activity.Switch side debate is preferable and solves — it forces debaters to consider a controversial issue from multiple perspectives which prevents ideological dogmatism. Even if they prove the topic is bad, our argument is that the process of preparing and defending proposals is an educational benefit of engaging it. Read the aff as a K on the neg of the AFF as a settler move to innocence within the settler system of the WTOThe TVA solves better – you can read a traditional medicines aff BUT defend the material consequences of your policy while also reading framing arguments about why we should prioritize settler colonialist violence or reject traditional IR – it solve stheir offense and is net better because it creates respoinsible advocates who can actually defend the policies they propose.F~ Paradigm issues1~ TFW has to be drop the debater – it indicts their method of engagement and proves we couldn’t engage fairly with their aff – crossapply truth testing2~ Competing interps – reasonability is arbitrary, you can’t be reasonably topical, and causes a race to the bottom of questionable argumentation.3~ RVIs and impact turns encourage all in on theory which decks substance and incentivize baiting theory with abusive practices.4~ No impact turns—exclusions are inevitable because we only have 45 minutes so it’s best to draw those exclusions along reciprocal lines to ensure a role for the negative | 9/27/21 |
1 - T - Leslie and LernerTournament: Loyola | Round: 4 | Opponent: Wenatchee JK | Judge: Richard Li 1NC - TInterpretation: The aff must defend that member nations reduce all intellectual property protections for medicinesThe upward entailment test and adverb test determine the genericity of a bare pluralLeslie and Lerner 16 ~Sarah-Jane Leslie, Ph.D., Princeton, 2007. Dean of the Graduate School and Class of 1943 Professor of Philosophy. Served as the vice dean for faculty development in the Office of the Dean of the Faculty, director of the Program in Linguistics, and founding director of the Program in Cognitive Science at Princeton University. Adam Lerner, PhD Philosophy, Postgraduate Research Associate, Princeton 2018. From 2018, Assistant Professor/Faculty Fellow in the Center for Bioethics at New York University. Member of the Princeton Social Neuroscience Lab.~ "Generic Generalizations." Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. April 24, 2016. https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/generics/ TG
It applies to "Medicines" – adding "generally" to the res doesn’t substantially change its meaning and the rez doesn’t entail reducing IP protections for all scientific technologyViolation: They specNet benefits -~1~ Limits – 580 recognized medicines plus combinations makes negating impossible especially with no unifying disads against medicines with different policies, implementation and IP procedures~2~ Precision outweighs – it determines which interps your ballot can endorse by providing the only salient focal point for debates—if their interp is not premised on the text of the resolution, its benefits are irrelevant to the question of topicality since it fails to interpret the topic~3~ Ground - The aff can claim any advantage to a virtual infinite combination of affs and the lack of predictability for negatives means virtually no DAs are applicable because Affirmatives can de-link out of them.DTD on T— indicts their ability to read the aff and the debate shouldn’t have happened to begin w if the aff was abusiveCompeting Interps on T since its binary and a question of models—reasonability arbitrary | 9/5/21 |
1 - T - MedicinesTournament: Jack Howe | Round: Semis | Opponent: Nashua HS South EG | Judge: Leah Villanueva, Lukas Krause, Luan Chuang NC - TInterpretation: Medicines must involve diagnosisThe Free Dictionary ~https://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/medicine gord0~ Diagnosis:Merriam Webster ~"Diagnosis" https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/diagnosis Accessed 8/28 gord0~ They don’t – Insulin is for treatment, not diagnosisFookes 18 ~Carmen Fookes, BPharm, Senior Editorial Pharmacist. March 14, 2018 (my birthday!) "Insulin" https://www.drugs.com/drug-class/insulin.html Accessed 9/14 gord0~ Plan Text in a Vacuum is a useless guideline since words are contextually defined based on function – the only basis for determining Topicality should be if the implementation of the Plan as per their 1AC solvency evidence follows the directional meaning of the Topic’s intent – anything else allows the 1AR to re-contextualize what the Plan says forcing the 1NC to predict infinite 1AR spin since they’re not tied to their evidence.Vote neg for limits because they can defend any arbitrary medicine that isn’t in the core of the literature for treating disease which is the core topic controversy. Their interp always allows them to shift the goalposts, and functional limits can’t check because there are tons of affs that wouldn’t involve diagnosis, but are still unpredictable | 9/27/21 |
1 - T - NationsTournament: Jack Howe | Round: Semis | Opponent: Nashua HS South EG | Judge: Leah Villanueva, Lukas Krause, Luan Chuang NC - TInterp: Topical Affirmatives must defend that one or more nation reduces its intellectual property protections for medicinesWord hippo ~"What is the plural of Nation" https://www.wordhippo.com/what-is/the-plural-of/nation.html~~#:~~:text=Answer20The20plural20form,of20nation20is20nations.20 Accessed 8/28 gord0~ Vote negative:1~ Precision – they justify arbitrarily mooting words in the resolution at their own whim in order to justify some potentially good interp.2~ Limits and ground – their model allows affs to defend anything from China to EU to US— there's no universal DA since each has different functions and geopolitical implications which explodes neg prep and makes stable links impossible | 9/27/21 |
1 - T - ReduceTournament: Loyola | Round: Octas | Opponent: Sequoia AS | Judge: Lena Mizrahi, David Dosch, Nathan Russell 1NC – TInterp:Reduce means decreasing an existing quantity – it excludes preventing a future increase/implementationPopattanachai 18 – PhD dissertation at Nottingham Trent University (NAPORN, "REGIONAL COOPERATION ADDRESSING MARINE POLLUTION FROM LAND-BASED ACTIVITIES: AN INTERPRETATION OF ARTICLE 207 OF THE LAW OF THE SEA CONVENTION FOCUSING ON MONITORING, ASSESSEMENT, AND SURVEILLANCE OF THE POLLUTION" http://irep.ntu.ac.uk/id/eprint/33374/1/Naporn20Popattanachai202018.pdf Violation:THEY DON’T REDUCE—THEY DELAY THE ENFORCEMENT OF STATUS QUO PROTECTIONSTheir interpretation allows any aff that postpones or indefinitely postpones a reduction of IP—1~ Ground—-they can no link out of every DA because the plan does not occur until later or read non-inherent advantages that are predicated on future reductions of IP. Independently leads to shiftiness.2~ limits—-That explodes the caselist to IP for nonexistent medicines such as 3D printed drugs, new precision medicine technology, and infinite drugs that are still being produced which leads to non-inherent affs thhat skirt the core topic controversy.3~ Precision—their interp justifies arbitrarily ignoring words in the resolution which deck predictability and turn functional limits. Slippery slope of affs. | 9/6/21 |
1 - T - Spec ReduceTournament: Loyola | Round: 2 | Opponent: St Croix ADe | Judge: Nathan Russell Spec ReduceInterpretation: Debaters must specify a definition of "reduce" in a delineated text in the 1ac.Violation: They don’tNo consistent definitionWord Hippo ~"What is another word for Reduce" https://www.wordhippo.com/what-is/another-word-for/reduce.html Accessed 8/28 gord0~ Vote neg for stable ground: If they don’t specify they can say perm do the cp against every advantage and process counterplan that reforms the system of IPR because it would count as a reduction – only spec ensures we don’t lose after the 1nc from affs shifting the goalposts. Normal means doesn’t solve bc they will contest it in the 1ar and change their strategy based on the 1nc. | 9/4/21 |
1 - T - VaccinesTournament: Meadows | Round: 4 | Opponent: Stockdale RP | Judge: Claudia Ribera NC – T====Interp – "medicines" treat or cure, whereas vaccines prevent==== Vaccines are medical interventions – not medicinesElbe 10 (Stefan Elbe, ~director of the Centre for Global Health Policy and a professor of international relations at the University of Sussex. He is the author of Strategic Implications of HIV/AIDS, Security and Global Health, and Virus Alert: Security, Governmentality, and the AIDS Pandemic.~, 5-3-2010, "Security and Global Health" Polity Press, accessed: 8-9-2021, https://books.google.com/books?id=PKMoMJrSsksC) ajs Violation – The aff defends vaccines IN ADDITION to medicines – cross x proves the extra T violationVote neg for limits – expanding the topic to preventative treatment or medical interventions allows anything from surgery to medical devices to education strategies or mosquito repellent to prevent malaria. Destroys core generics like innovation which are exclusive to disease curing – core of the topic is about proprietary information. | 10/31/21 |
1 - T - WeedTournament: Loyola | Round: Octas | Opponent: Sequoia AS | Judge: Lena Mizrahi, David Dosch, Nathan Russell 1NC – TInterp: The aff must defend reducing patent enforcements for medicinesCannabis isn’t a medicine – most predictable definitionCDC 10-15-2018 ~Center for Disease Control, 10-15-2018, "Is marijuana medicine?," No Publication, https://www.cdc.gov/marijuana/faqs/is-marijuana-medicine.html, accessed 9-6-2021 azhang~ Violation: they defend just "cannabis in the ptx" – not specifically medical eitherVote neg for limits because they can defend any arbitrary medicine that isn’t in the core of the literature for treating disease which is the core topic controversy. Their interp always allows them to shift the goalposts, and functional limits can’t check because there are tons of affs that wouldn’t involve diagnosis, but are still unpredictable | 9/6/21 |
1 - Theory - Disclose AnalyticsTournament: Loyola | Round: 6 | Opponent: Academy of Classical Christian Studies JM | Judge: Samantha McLoughlin R6 loyola neg1nc1NC – theoryinterp: debaters, if they disclose open source docs on the ndca 2021-22 wiki, must disclose the full text of all substantive analytics violation: ~insert ss~ 1. strat skew and clash - not disclosing analytics can obscure entire positions or the bulk of their framework - they justify just writing "contention" or none of the justifications for their framework or not writing interp texts which disavdantages me bc they know my strategy but i don't know theirs — also k2 education bc in depth engagement increase the quality of the debate | 9/5/21 |
1 - Theory - DisclosureTournament: Jack Howe | Round: 4 | Opponent: Basis Independent Silicon Valley SK | Judge: Jared Burke NC – TheoryA~ Interpretation: Debaters must disclose previously run constructive positions – all cases, off cases and theory arguments – at least 30 minutes before the round on the NDCA wiki. This means providing proper citations for all evidence including first three and last three words and tags as well as all advocacy texts and framework arguments.B~ Violation: C~ Prefer—1~ Quality engagement—disclosure allows in-depth preparation before the round which checks back against unpredictable positions - allows for reciprocal engagement2~ Predictability – it’s a norm to disclose on the wiki and respond to disclosure questions; even if they read the same aff, it means Im unsure what to prep pre-roundD~ Voters—Fairness is a voter—debate is a competitive activity that requires objective evaluation. Education is a voter—it’s intrinsic to debate. | 9/19/21 |
1 - Theory - HedgeTournament: Meadows | Round: Octas | Opponent: Peninsula RM | Judge: Kabir Dubey, Ben Cortez, Aryan Jasani
| 1/15/22 |
1 - Theory - HedgeTournament: Meadows | Round: Octas | Opponent: Peninsula RM | Judge: Kabir Dubey, Ben Cortez, Aryan Jasani
| 1/15/22 |
1 - Theory - New AFFs BadTournament: Jack Howe | Round: 1 | Opponent: Homestead SL | Judge: Gabriela Gonzalez NC – ThInterp: The affirmative must disclose the advocacy text if they break new when pairings are released. If the debate occurs during flight 2 disclosure should occur at least 30 minutes before the round.Violation:
Standards –Clash – having no idea what the debate will be about makes being neg impossible – the aff gets plan text choice and infinite prep to craft the most strategic case. No disclosure makes this impossible to overcome b/c it means the neg only gets 4 mins of prep to answer a strategy that the AFF had 5 months to prep.And, they’ll say generics, but their model of debate means the neg has no time to cut an update to their generics specific to the AFF and we’ll lose every debate.2. Discourages tricks – plan text disclosure discourages cheap shot aff’s. If the aff isn’t inherent or easily defeated by 20 minutes of research, the case should lose. They had months – the neg is entitled to some research time to make sure the AFF is inherent, topical, and controversial. Otherwise bad AFF’s can win on purely surprise factor, which is a bad model b/c it encourages finding the most fringe surprising case possible instead of a well researched and defensible aff.Vote on substantive engagement: otherwise we’re speaking without debating and there’s nothing to separate us from dueling oratory. It also creates the most valuable long-term skills since we need to learn how to defend our beliefs in any context, like politics. | 9/18/21 |
1 - Theory - Spec EnforcementTournament: Jack Howe | Round: Octas | Opponent: Yerba Buena KN | Judge: Valorie Lam, Lukas Krause, Victoria Yonter NC - TheoryInterpretation: The affirmative must specify a primary and secondary enforcement mechanism in the plan text of the 1AC.Violation: they don’tGround – SCOTUS, WTO, WHO, Congress, DSB, etc. are all different processes of the affirmative which kills fairnessPredictability – We don’t know what happens if people don’t follow the plan; i.e. criminalization, suits, etc. | 9/20/21 |
3 - CP - Consult NATOTournament: Harvard Westlake | Round: 3 | Opponent: Marlborough LK | Judge: Jonathan Jeong NC - CPCounterplan: States should enter into a prior and binding consultation with the North Atlantic Treaty Organization over a proposal to declare that Outer space ought to be recognized as a global commons. States will support the proposal and adopt the results of consultation.NATO says Yes – Stoltenberg indicates that NATO cares about space appropriation and debris damageKSAT 10/16 ksat.com October 16, 2021. "Russia rejects accusations of endangering ISS astronauts" Russia rejects accusations of endangering ISS astronauts (ksat.com) Accessed 12-9 gord0 Consultation over space strengthens NATO legitimacy and operations – communication, positioning, missile warning and counter space opsLouisa Remuss 10 Nina-Louisa Remuss holds a M. Litt, in International Security Studies from the University of St. Andrews and a B.A. in European Studies from the University of Maastricht. October, 2010. "NATO and Space: Why is Space Relevant for NATO?" NATO and Space: Why is Space Relevant for NATO? (ethz.ch) Page 2-3 Accessed 12-9 gord0 NATO is a force multiplier – solves a slew of existential threatsBurns 18 Nicholas Burns 7-11-2018 "What America Gets Out of NATO" https://www.nytimes.com/2018/07/11/opinion/what-america-gets-out-of-nato.html (former under-secretary of state and ambassador to NATO and teaches diplomacy and international relations at Harvard)Elmer | 1/15/22 |
3 - CP - DiplomacyTournament: Harvard Westlake | Round: 5 | Opponent: Immaculate Heart JL | Judge: Quentin Clark NC - CPText:The People’s Liberation Army should:Ban military applications of AIDenuclearize their military technologiesSever all diplomatic ties with the Russian FederationDonate the entirety of their military budget to the United States Armed ForcesPay off the entirety of the national debt of the United States.The United States federal government should confront competition with China according to Kania 20Solves US hegemony.Kania 20 ~(Elsa, an Adjunct Senior Fellow with the Technology and National Security Program at the Center for a New American Security. Her research focuses on Chinese military strategy, military innovation, and emerging technologies.) ""AI weapons" in Chinese military innovation" Global China, 4/2020~ BC | 1/16/22 |
3 - CP - UN GuidelinesTournament: Harvard Westlake | Round: 3 | Opponent: Marlborough LK | Judge: Jonathan Jeong NC - CPStates should:Provide a legal framework to distribute space resources democraticallyRemove the most volatile and largest Debris pieces from the most congested orbitsMandate UN guidelines on space debris mitigation====First plank establishes a legal framework for a global commons which the last card in Advantage 2 says is necessary for solvency.==== 2’nd and 3’rd planks solve DebrisKhlystov 18 Nikolai Khlystov Lead, Space, and lead, Global Future Council on Space, World Economic Forum. 3 April, 2018 "We have a space debris problem Here’s how to solve it" We have a space debris problem. Here’s how to solve it | World Economic Forum (weforum.org) Accessed 12-19 gord0 | 1/15/22 |
3 - DA - China ModernizationTournament: Harvard Westlake | Round: 5 | Opponent: Immaculate Heart JL | Judge: Quentin Clark NC - DAChina’s space strategies strengthen deterrence now. PLA deterrence is key to joint operations, which ensure Chinese modernization beyond space.AT: Old – Doesn’t matter its about space deterrence strategies leading to joint operations, they need ev that those strategies don’t exist or are unsuccessful Private entities key – Xi needs them for innovation and modernizationPatel 21 ~Neel V. Patel, Neel is a space reporter for MIT Technology Review. 1-21-2021, "China’s surging private space industry is out to challenge the US," MIT Technology Review, https://www.technologyreview.com/2021/01/21/1016513/china-private-commercial-space-industry-dominance/ accessed 12/14/21~ Adam recut gord0 Chinese military modernization functions as a deterrent for nuclear war with the USAT: Not About Space – the internal link argument is in Cheng. "space capabilities strengthen conventional deterrence". It also says space is the only way to "establish a common situational awareness framework" | 1/16/22 |
3 - DA - DIBTournament: Harvard Westlake | Round: 2 | Opponent: Marlborough JK | Judge: Danielle Dosch NC - DASpace tech advancements and control have produced a qualitative military advantage. US space privatization maintains a shaky but tenable US lead.Sergeant Duke 20 served as a US Army intelligence analyst, holds a BA in intelligence studies with a concentration in counterintelligence from American Military University and research national security autonomous weaponry armed conflict, and the space domain, , 9-25-2020, "Conflict and Controversy in the Space Domain: Legalities, Lethalities, and Celestial Secur," Air University (AU), https://www.airuniversity.af.edu/Wild-Blue-Yonder/Article-Display/Article/2362296/conflict-and-controversy-in-the-space-domain-legalities-lethalities-and-celesti/ Maintaining US space dominance requires a homegrown commercial space industry – private companies offshoring gives China the advantage they needCahan and Sadat 1/6 ~(Bruce Cahan, J.D) (Dr. Mir Sadat, ) "US Space Policies for the New Space Age: Competing on the Final Economic Frontier," based on Proceedings from State of the Space Industrial Base 2020 Sponsored by United States Space Force, Defense Innovation Unit, United States Air Force Research Laboratory, 1/6/21, https://www.politico.com/f/?id=00000177-9349-d713-a777-d7cfce4b0000~~ TDI Space dominance solves nuclear war. Hegemony de-escalates all conflict scenarios – specifically miscalc.Yoo 18 ~(Emanuel S. Heller Professor of Law at the University of California, Berkeley, and a visiting scholar at AEI since 2003. He served as a deputy assistant attorney general in the Office of the Legal Counsel of the U.S. Department of Justice from 2001 to 2003, where he worked on constitutional and national security matters, as General Counsel of the U.S. Senate Committee on the Judiciary from 1995-96, and as a law clerk to Justice Clarence Thomas of the U.S. Supreme Court (John, Winning the Space Race, October 15th, http://www.aei.org/publication/winning-the-space-race/)~~ *edited for offensive language | 1/15/22 |
3 - DA - Space ColonizationTournament: Harvard Westlake | Round: 3 | Opponent: Marlborough LK | Judge: Jonathan Jeong NC – DAWe’ll colonize space within 15 yearsPettit 21 ~(Harry, Senior Digital Technology and Science Reporter, a science and technology reporter at MailOnline, Harry Pettit joined The Sun in December 2018. He holds an undergrad degree in Physiology from the University of Manchester and a Master’s degree in Science Communication from Imperial College London.), "Humans could move to ‘floating asteroid belt colony’ within 15 years," NYPost, 1/20/2021, https://nypost.com/2021/01/20/humans-could-move-to-floating-asteroid-belt-colony-within-15-years/~~ TDI Space col happensKennedy 19 Fred, 12-18, (I am currently the President of Momentus, a space transportation company located in the San Francisco Bay Area, a member of multiple space company advisory boards, and a member of the Guiding Coalition for the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics ASCEND event. I served as the inaugural Director of the Defense Department’s Space Development Agency during 2019, and led the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency’s Tactical Technology Office from 2017 to 2019. I served as a senior advisor for space and aviation in the White House Office of Science and Technology Policy in 2016. I retired from the Air Force as a colonel after a 23-year career in space and airborne system engineering and acquisition. I received my Ph.D. from the University of Surrey for work on small satellite propulsion systems. Following my departure from the government, I worked as an executive at Astra, a small rocket company in Alameda, California. At Forbes, my interest areas include the accelerating pace of technological change, the impact of the private sector’s primacy in technology investment, and how civil, defense, and commercial interests will increasingly work together over the coming decades to build new ecosystems on earth and in space) "To Colonize Space Or Not To Colonize: That Is The Question (For All Of Us)," Forbes, https://www.forbes.com/sites/fredkennedy/2019/12/18/to-colonize-or-not-to-colonize—that-is-the-question-for-all-of-us/?sh=3118b432367f Private sector space col is k2 broad space colonization.Diakovska and Aliieva 20 ~Halyna Diakovska and Olga Aliieva, Ph.D.s in Philosophy, Associate Professors, Donbass State Pedagogical University, "Consequentialism and Commercial Space Exploration," 2020, Philosophy and Cosmology, Vol. 24, pp. 5-24, https://doi.org/10.29202/phil-cosm/24/1, EA~ Massive spillover effects – solves resources, boosts international cooperation, and eliminates every existential risk.Green 21 ~Brian Patrick Green, director of technology ethics at the Markkula Center for Applied Ethics, Santa Clara University, "Space Ethics," 2021, Rowman, pp. 4-5~ | 1/15/22 |
3 - DA - XiTournament: Harvard Westlake | Round: 5 | Opponent: Immaculate Heart JL | Judge: Quentin Clark NC - DAXi is tightening control over the PLA but completing goals are critical.Krishnan 21 – Ananth, 11/18/21, ~‘Xi tightened control over the PLA’, TheHindu, https://www.thehindu.com/news/international/xi-tightened-control-over-the-pla/article37549460.ece~~ Justin The commercial space sector is one of the PLAs central goals – the plan is a 180.Bartholomew and Cleveland 19 – Carolyn and Robin, 4/25/19, Chairmen and Vice Chairmen. Section is written from Michael A. McDevitt, US Congressperson, ~"HEARING ON CHINA IN SPACE: A STRATEGIC COMPETITION?," https://www.uscc.gov/sites/default/files/transcripts/April20252C20201920Hearing20Transcript2028229.pdf~~ Justin That triggers backlash – they don’t support restrictions on the space sector and will do everything to convince leaders not to do the plan – independently, is a reason the plan gets circumventedCheng 14 ~Dean Cheng, Senior Research Fellow in the Asia Studies Center at the Heritage Foundation, Former Senior Analyst at the China Studies Division of the Center for Naval Analyses, Former Senior Analyst with Science Applications International Corporation, "Prospects for U.S.-China Space Cooperation", Testimony before the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation, United States Senate, 4/9/2014, https://www.heritage.org/testimony/prospects-us-china-space-cooperation~~ An unhinged PLA triggers Himalayan war – goes globalChellaney 17 ~Dr. Brahma Chellaney, Professor of Strategic Studies at the Center for Policy Research and Fellow at the Robert Bosch Academy, PhD in International Studies from Jawaharlal Nehru University, "Why the Chinese Military’s Rising Clout Troubles Xi Jinping", The National, 9/9/2017, https://www.thenational.ae/opinion/why-the-chinese-military-s-rising-clout-troubles-xi-jinping-1.626815?videoId=5754807360001~~ Extinction.Caldicott 17 – Helen, 2017, Founder of Physicians for Social Responsibility ~"The new nuclear danger: George W. Bush's military-industrial complex," The New Press~Elmer | 1/16/22 |
3 - K - Cap vs K AffTournament: Peninsula | Round: 2 | Opponent: Able2Shine EZ | Judge: Samantha McLoughlin NC - KUnchecked capitalist expansion guarantees escalating global violence and destruction – their politics of individualized micro-practices fractures the necessary political condensation required to overthrow capital while the alt solves case.Jodi Dean 15, Professor of Political Theory at Hobart and William Smith Colleges, 2015, "Red, Black, and Green," Rethinking Marxism: A Journal of Economics, Culture and Society, Vol. 27, No. 3, p. 396-404 Claims of metaphysical ontology are inherently depoliticizing, locking in politics rather than opening up the possibility of a pragmatics of becoming acting directly upon the contingencies of power relations that make up the status quo.Buck-Morss 13. Susan Buck-Morss, Distinguished Professor of Political Science at the CUNY Graduate Center, NYC, "A Commonist Ethics, " in The Idea of Communism, 2013, http://susanbuckmorss.info/text/commonist-ethics/ Vote negative to affirm the form of the party. The method of the Party is distinct and exclusive with the method of the 1AC – a negative ballot foregrounds political organization and commonality against capitalDean and Mertz 16 (Jodi Dean, Professor of Humanities and Social Sciences @ Hobart and William Smith Colleges and Chuck Mertz, Host at This is Hell!, The JFRP: For a New Communist Party, aNtiDoTe Zine, Jan 23 2016) | 1/22/22 |
3 - K - DualismTournament: Harvard Westlake | Round: 2 | Opponent: Marlborough JK | Judge: Danielle Dosch NC – KThe aff is not a break from dualistic thinking but reifies it. Appeals to space as being the dominion of all humankind, free to explore for the benefit of our common heritage, promote an image of humanity unburdened by its material environment.Ferrando 16 ~(Francesca, Ph.D. in philosophy, M.A. in Gender Studies, Professor.@ NYU) "Why Space Migration Must Be Posthuman", 2016, http://ndl.ethernet.edu.et/bitstream/123456789/76546/1/147.pdf.pdf~~#page=136yperlink~~ TDI Their view of "junk" as a threat to techno-capital expansion is an attempt to bury their co-constitutive ecology. It is only the image of the objects of our accumulation remaining to haunt us.Ivakhiv 18 ~(Adrian, Professor of Environmental Thought and Culture at the University of Vermont) Shadowing the Anthropocene: Eco-Realism for Turbulent Times, 2018~ TDI The impact is a state of permanent war—their political discourses surrounding space make militarization inevitable and turns the case.Dickens and Ormrod 16 ~(Peter Dickens, Senior Research Associate in the Department of Sociology at the University of Cambridge, member of the Red-Green Study Group in London, James S Ormrod, Principal Lecturer in Sociology at the University of Brighton), "The Future of Outer Space", The Palgrave Handbook of Society, Culture and Outer Space~ TDI The alternative is to see that nature is us—recognizing the logic of the 1AC as the primary barrier to overcoming challenges to our environment and beyond.Baskin 15 ~(Jeremy, Senior Fellow at the Melbourne School of Government where he focuses on the legitimacy and accountability of knowledge) Paradigm Dressed as Epoch: The Ideology of the Anthropocene, 2015, Environmental Values~ TDI | 1/15/22 |
3 - K - OrientalismTournament: Harvard Westlake | Round: 5 | Opponent: Immaculate Heart JL | Judge: Quentin Clark NC - KWe’ll win that the case straight-turns itself and has no impact. Conceptualize our offense thru the following frame, which will demonstrate that we are the only team with an external impact.The aff persists in a Sinophobic techno-Orientalist imaginary.Siu and Chun 20 ~(Lok, is a cultural anthropologist and Associate Professor of Ethnic Studies at UC Berkeley; Claire, is a Ph.D. student at the University of California, Berkeley in the Department of Ethnic Studies) "Yellow Peril and Techno-orientalism in the Time of Covid-19: Racialized Contagion, Scientific Espionage, and Techno-Economic Warfare," October 2020, pg. 425-427~ julian This falsifies their surveillance and hegemony impacts.Nair 18, founder and CEO of the Global Institute For Tomorrow (GIFT), an independent think tank based in Hong Kong. (Chandran, 12/21/2018, "Why Asia Should Be Worried By America’s Bullying of China," The Diplomat, https://thediplomat.com/2018/12/why-asia-should-be-worried-by-americas-bullying-of-china/ Date Accessed: 3/19/2021) The alternative is assemblage thinking.Acuto and Curtis 14 – Michele Acuto is Senior Lecturer in Global Networks and Diplomacy in the Department of Science, Technology, Engineering and Public Policy (STEaPP) at University College London, and Fellow in the Institute for Science, Innovation and Society at the University of Oxford, Simon Curtis is Lecturer in International Politics at the University of East Anglia, 2014 (Reassembling International Theory: Assemblage Thinking and International Relations, ed. Michele Acuto and Simon Curtis, pgs. 6-15, Accessed via USC Libraries) | 1/16/22 |
3 - NC - UtilTournament: Peninsula | Round: 2 | Opponent: Able2Shine EZ | Judge: Samantha McLoughlin NC - NCThe standard is maximizing expected net well-being.Prefer for actor specificityA~ Aggregation – every policy benefits some and harms others, which also means side constraints freeze action.B~ Pleasure and pain are intrinsically valuable. People consistently regard pleasure and pain as good reasons for action, despite the fact that pleasure doesn’t seem to be instrumentally valuable for anything.Moen 16 ~Ole Martin Moen, Research Fellow in Philosophy at University of Oslo "An Argument for Hedonism" Journal of Value Inquiry (Springer), 50 (2) 2016: 267–281~ SJDI C~ Only consequentialism explains degrees of wrongness—if I break a promise to meet up for lunch, that is not as bad as breaking a promise to take a dying person to the hospital. Only the consequences of breaking the promise explain why the second one is much worse than the first.High magnitude, low probability firstBostrom 13 ~(Nick, Philosopher and professor (Oxford), Ph.D. (LSOE), director of The Future of Humanity Institute and the Programme on the Impacts of Future Technology), "Existential Risk Prevention as Global Priority," Global Policy, Vol 4, Issue 1, http://www.existential-risk.org/concept.html~~ TDI | 1/22/22 |
3 - T - ImplementTournament: Peninsula | Round: 2 | Opponent: Able2Shine EZ | Judge: Samantha McLoughlin NC – TInterpretation: Topical affirmatives may only garner offense from the hypothetical implementation by governments that The appropriation of outer space by private entities is unjustResolved requires policy actionLouisiana State Legislature (https://www.legis.la.gov/legis/Glossary.aspx) Ngong AppropriationTIMOTHY JUSTIN TRAPP, JD Candidate @ UIUC Law, ’13, TAKING UP SPACE BY ANY OTHER MEANS: COMING TO TERMS WITH THE NONAPPROPRIATION ARTICLE OF THE OUTER SPACE TREATY UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS LAW REVIEW ~Vol. 2013 No. 4~ Topicality is key to limits and ground—-redefining portions of the resolution permits endless reclarification AND creates incentives for avoidance—-only aligning research with agent and mechanism solves.Two impacts:1—-Fairness—-an unlimited, unpredictable topic disparately raises the research burden for the negative — treat this is a sufficient win condition because fairness is the logical structure that undergirds all impacts AND controls any benefit to debate.Dascal and Knoll ’11 ~Marcelo and Amnon; May 18th; former Professor of Philosophy at Tel Aviv University, B.A. in Philosophy from the University of Sao Paulo; former Professor of Philosophy at Tel Aviv University; Argumentation: Cognition and Community, "'Cognitive systemic dichotomization' in public argumentation and controversies," p. 20-25~ 2—-Clash—-forfeiting government action sanctions retreat from controversy and forces the negative to concede solvency before winning a link — clash is the necessary condition for distinguishing debate from discussion, but negation exists on a sliding scale — that jumpstarts the process of critical thinking, reflexivity, and argument refinement.3—-Movement Lawyering Skills – contingent, focused debates around locus points of difference are key to develop activists skills for political justice.Archer 18, Deborah N. "Political Lawyering for the 21st Century." Denv. L. Rev. 96 (2018): 399. (Associate Professor of Clinical Law at NYU School of Law)Elmer TVA—-States ought to ban appropriation of outer space by private actors—-Advs about why space col, expansion, and mining is antiblack.Eric Niiler 19, 7-11-2019, "Why Civil Rights Activists Protested the Moon Landing," HISTORY, https://www.history.com/news/apollo-11-moon-landing-launch-protests Switch side debate solves all of their offense—there’s no specific reason why their arguments have to be read on the aff—that solves predictability and accesses their education impact turns because plans on the aff and Ks on the neg can challenge perspectives, stances, representations, and epistemologies | 1/22/22 |
3 - T - NebelTournament: Harvard Westlake | Round: 5 | Opponent: Immaculate Heart JL | Judge: Quentin Clark NC - TInterpretation: "Private entities" is a generic bare plural. The aff may not defend that a subset of nations ban the appropriation of outer space.Nebel 19. ~Jake Nebel is an assistant professor of philosophy at the University of Southern California and executive director of Victory Briefs. He writes a lot of this stuff lol – duh.~ "Genericity on the Standardized Tests Resolution." Vbriefly. August 12, 2019. https://www.vbriefly.com/2019/08/12/genericity-on-the-standardized-tests-resolution/?fbclid=IwAR0hUkKdDzHWrNeqEVI7m59pwsnmqLl490n4uRLQTe7bWmWDO'avWCNzi14 TG It applies to "private entities" – adding "generally" to the rez doesn’t substantially change its meaning and the rez doesn’t entail that all entities ought to ban private appropriationViolation: They specNet benefits -~1~ Limits – 195 recognized countries plus combinations and specific entities within countries makes negating impossible especially with no unifying disads against different policies, implementation and regulation procedures~2~ Precision outweighs – it determines which interps your ballot can endorse by providing the only salient focal point for debates—if their interp is not premised on the text of the resolution, its benefits are irrelevant to the question of topicality since it fails to interpret the topic~3~ Ground - The aff can claim any advantage to a virtual infinite combination of affs and the lack of predictability for negatives means virtually no DAs are applicable because Affirmatives can de-link out of them.DTD on T— indicts their ability to read the aff and the debate shouldn’t have happened to begin w if the aff was abusiveCompeting Interps on T since its binary and a question of models—reasonability arbitrary | 1/16/22 |
3 - T - UnjustTournament: Harvard Westlake | Round: 2 | Opponent: Marlborough JK | Judge: Danielle Dosch NC - TInterpretation – Unjust refers to a negative action – it means contrary.Black’s Laws No Date "What is Unjust?" https://thelawdictionary.org/unjust/ Elmer Violation – The Aff is a positive action – it creates a new concept for Space – global commonsVote neg —1~ Limits – making the topic bi-directional explodes predictability – it means that Aff’s can both increase non-exist property regimes in space AND decrease appropriation by private actors – makes the topic untenable.2~ Ground – wrecks Neg Generics – we can’t say appropriation good since the 1AC can create new views on Outer Space Property Rights that circumvent our Links since they can say "Public Trust" approach solves.3~ TVA – just defend that space appropriation is bad.Use Competing Interps – 1~ Topicality is a yes/no question, you can’t be reasonably topical and 2~ Reasonability invites arbitrary judge intervention and a race to the bottom of questionable argumentation.No RVI’s - 1~ Forces the 1NC to go all-in on Theory which kills substance education, 2~ Encourages Baiting since the 1AC will purposely be abusive, and 3~ Illogical – you shouldn’t win for not being abusive. | 1/15/22 |
3 - Theory - Country SpecTournament: Harvard Westlake | Round: 2 | Opponent: Marlborough JK | Judge: Danielle Dosch Interpretation: The aff must specify which states they defend in a delineated text in the 1AC.Violation –Vote neg for stable ground – I don’t know what disads and CP’s I can read against your plan and what arguments will become relevant absent a state since there’s no generic appropriation good offense other than space col good which affs can cut specific answers to since every neg disad card is either too generic and underwarranted or specific to another country. For example, the India Soft Power DA makes sense vs the India aff but not against the China aff. Text is key – if they don’t have to spec they can just shift their advocacy depending on the 1nc – I’m literally shooting at a moving target, which wrecks competitive equity. CX doesn’t check – my preround prep was skewed which is when people construct the 1NC. | 1/15/22 |
3 - Theory - DisclosureTournament: Peninsula | Round: 2 | Opponent: Able2Shine EZ | Judge: Samantha McLoughlin NC – ThA~ Interpretation: Debaters must disclose previously run constructive positions – all cases, off cases and theory arguments – at least 30 minutes before the round on the NDCA wiki. This means providing proper citations for all evidence including first three and last three words and tags as well as all advocacy texts and framework arguments.B~ Violation: no didslocure, wiki, contactC~ Prefer—1~ Quality engagement—disclosure allows in-depth preparation before the round which checks back against unpredictable positions and allows debaters to effectively write case negs and blocks—allows for reciprocal engagement where each side has an equal opportunity to prepare as opposed to scouting capacity to determine success, and incentivizes in-depth debates which is key to clash and good topic education2~ Reciprocity—the majority of national circuit buys into disclosure and put stuff on the wiki. They get access to cites and cards for cases and prep, which improves quality ground and means they can predict what other people are running, but we can’t predict them. This outweighs—a) every reason disclosure is good is an advantage for them and not me, b) view their counter-interp with a grain of salt since it’s self-serving. Reciprocity key to fairness—ensures equal access to the ballot.3~ Deep Research—disclosure incentivizes specific, in-depth researchNails ’13 (Jacob, "A Defense of Disclosure (Including Third-Party Disclosure)", 10/10/2013) D~ Voters—Fairness is a voter—debate is a competitive activity that requires objective evaluation. Education is a voter—it’s intrinsic to debate. Drop the debater—a) the shell indicts any arguments they read in their 1NC, so dropping the argument would functionally make them lose anyways, b) the 2AR needs the ability to collapse to theory to remedy abuse or debaters are able to get away with infinite abuse, and c) it doesn’t matter if they win substance if they’re unfair or uneducational. Use competing interps— a) 2NR block means that Neg can always win the time tradeoff on the theory debate, b) reasonability on Aff theory encourages Neg to just make the theory debate as messy as possible in the 2NR instead of actually winning the shell, c) theory sets norms for debate – shells like NIBs bad and disclosure theory prove – if you can’t defend why your model of debate is the best, you shouldn’t defend it at all. No RVI’s – a) they shouldn’t win by showing that they’re fair, b) RVI’s chill theory by allowing good theory debaters to get away with abuse, creating a race to the bottom that encourages abuse, and c) specifically true in this round – granting RVI’s on pre-round shells encourages debaters to bait out the violation and then collapse for 7 minutes to an RVI. | 1/22/22 |
3 - Theory - PolicyTournament: Harvard Westlake | Round: 3 | Opponent: Marlborough LK | Judge: Jonathan Jeong NC – TInterpretation: Affirmatives must not defend the implementation of a policy actionViolation: they doStandards:Precision – the resolution is a descriptive statement; it has no actor and doesn’t use ought which means the aff can’t hypothetically implement a policyGround – passing a policy would be an extra topical action, which justifies them speccing anything from LAWs to banning Nukes; its about what model of debate they justifyCross app the rest of the standards | 1/15/22 |
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