Olympia Elsakhawy Aff
| Tournament | Round | Opponent | Judge | Cites | Round Report | Open Source | Edit/Delete |
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| Duke Invitational | 5 | Lake Highland Prep SV | Umar, Zaid |
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| Duke Invitational | 1 | Harrison TB | Meine, Liz |
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| Duke Invitational | 3 | Colonial Forge SR | Wu, Xiaojing |
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| LEXINGTON WINTER INVITATIONAL | 2 | Iowa City West NW | Hernandez, Javier |
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| LEXINGTON WINTER INVITATIONAL | 3 | Lake Highland Prep PS | Dossani, Faizaan |
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| Princeton Classic | 1 | Princeton CB | Phoenix Pittman |
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| Princeton Classic | 4 | Summit JC | Gentleman, Jonah |
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| Princeton Classic | 5 | Stuyvesant HJ | Kang, Albert |
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| Princeton Classic | 5 | Stuyvesant HJ | Kang, Albert |
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| Yale | 3 | Pennsbury GB | Justin Smith |
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| Yale | 2 | Syosset LG | Eric Tang |
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| Yale | 5 | Walt Whitman EY | Datti, Abhilash |
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| Yale | 5 | Walt Whitman EY | Datti, Abhilash |
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| Tournament | Round | Report |
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| Duke Invitational | 5 | Opponent: Lake Highland Prep SV | Judge: Umar, Zaid AC - Trad (Innovation and Access) NC - Trad (Property Rights and Innovation) 1AR - Case 2NR - Case 2AR - Case |
| Duke Invitational | 1 | Opponent: Harrison TB | Judge: Meine, Liz AC - Trad (Accessibility and Innovation) NC - Trad (Innovation and Case) 1AR - Case 2NR - Innovation and Case 2AR - Case |
| Duke Invitational | 3 | Opponent: Colonial Forge SR | Judge: Wu, Xiaojing AC - Trad (Innovation and Accessibility) NC - Trad (Innovation and Access) 1AR - Case 2NR - Case 2AR - Case |
| Information | Finals | Opponent: NA | Judge: NA Information |
| Information | Finals | Opponent: NA | Judge: NA Information |
| Information | Finals | Opponent: NA | Judge: NA Information |
| Information | Finals | Opponent: NA | Judge: NA Information |
| Information | Finals | Opponent: NA | Judge: NA Information |
| Information | Finals | Opponent: NA | Judge: NA Information |
| LEXINGTON WINTER INVITATIONAL | 2 | Opponent: Iowa City West NW | Judge: Hernandez, Javier AC - Space Debris global warming global tensions war Naturalism Util NC - Ressentiment K Util 1AR - Naturalism Util Space debris global tensions substance first 2NR - K 2AR - Naturalism Util Global tensions K |
| LEXINGTON WINTER INVITATIONAL | 3 | Opponent: Lake Highland Prep PS | Judge: Dossani, Faizaan AC - Space Debris NC - Spec policy action shell China DA space safety coalition CP 1AR - Substance first warming scenario rvi perm 2NR - Spec policy action shell China DA space safety coalition CP 2AR - Substance first warming scenario rvi |
| NA | Finals | Opponent: NA | Judge: NA Information |
| Princeton Classic | 1 | Opponent: Princeton CB | Judge: Phoenix Pittman AC - Soft Power |
| Princeton Classic | 4 | Opponent: Summit JC | Judge: Gentleman, Jonah AC - Soft Power Aff |
| Princeton Classic | 5 | Opponent: Stuyvesant HJ | Judge: Kang, Albert AC - Trix Soft Power Offense |
| Princeton Classic | 5 | Opponent: Stuyvesant HJ | Judge: Kang, Albert AC - Trix Soft Power Offense |
| Yale | 3 | Opponent: Pennsbury GB | Judge: Justin Smith AC - Innovation and Accessibility AC NC - Trad 1AR - Disclosure Theory and case 2NR - Trad 2AR - Disclosure Theory and Case |
| Yale | 2 | Opponent: Syosset LG | Judge: Eric Tang AC - AccessInnovation |
| Yale | 5 | Opponent: Walt Whitman EY | Judge: Datti, Abhilash AC - Accessibility Innovation 1NC - Trix 1AR - Case NIBs shell ROB spec shell 2NR - Trix 2AR - Case NIBs shell |
| Yale | 5 | Opponent: Walt Whitman EY | Judge: Datti, Abhilash AC - Accessibility Innovation 1NC - Trix 1AR - Case NIBs shell ROB spec shell 2NR - Trix 2AR - Case NIBs shell |
To modify or delete round reports, edit the associated round.
Cites
| Entry | Date |
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0 - Accessibility FormattingTournament: Information | Round: Finals | Opponent: NA | Judge: NA | 9/16/21 |
0 - Contact InfoTournament: Information | Round: Finals | Opponent: NA | Judge: NA Pronouns: He/Him Phone: +1 (407) 367-8950 | 9/14/21 |
0 - Content WarningTournament: Information | Round: Finals | Opponent: NA | Judge: NA | 9/14/21 |
0 - DisclosureTournament: Information | Round: Finals | Opponent: NA | Judge: NA | 9/14/21 |
0 - NavigationTournament: Information | Round: Finals | Opponent: NA | Judge: NA | 9/14/21 |
2 - Disclosure ShellTournament: Yale | Round: 3 | Opponent: Pennsbury GB | Judge: Justin Smith DisclosureInterpretation: Debaters must disclose all off-case positions on the 2021-2022 NDCA LD wiki for every round they have debated this season.Violation: screenshot in the doc – they don't.Standards:1~ Level Playing Field – big schools can collect flows but small schools are left in dark.2~ Pre-round prep – NC's especially give an idea of what type of debater someone is – they could go for NC theory every round– otherwise I enter every round clueless whereas you have an idea of what you want to go for from the start.3~ Strategy – disclosure helps novices understand the context in which positions are read by good debaters and help with brainstorming potential args– helps compensate for kids who can't afford coaches to prep out affs.4~ Engagement – Having an idea of what the neg is going to go for means I can read an AC contextual to the round and incentivizes clash.Voters:Fairness – key to objective evaluation and a safe space for all. Debaters wouldn't compete if the activity wasn't fair – outweighs educations since debate participation controls the internal link to topic education. | 10/3/21 |
2 - NIBs ShellTournament: Yale | Round: 5 | Opponent: Walt Whitman EY | Judge: Datti, Abhilash NIBs ShellInterpretation: The affirmative debater may not read necessary burdens for themselves but is also an insufficient burden for me. To clarify they cannot read nibs.Violation: They did1~ Strat Skew – Kills my ability to have a coherent strat because I definitionally cannot access offense in the round even though I meet the burden and that means they will always be at an advantage to just put defense on my burden and just win risk of offense. Key to fairness because strategy is needed to access the ballot2~ Ground – Definitionally excludes my ability to read other positions because I have to spend time beating back the nib which means I not only lose access to offense by meeting the burden I lose the ability to read other offs as sources of offense. Key to fairness because I need ground for access to the ballot.Voter: fairness | 10/3/21 |
2 - NIBs ShellTournament: Yale | Round: 5 | Opponent: Walt Whitman EY | Judge: Datti, Abhilash NIBs ShellInterpretation: The affirmative debater may not read necessary burdens for themselves but is also an insufficient burden for me. To clarify they cannot read nibs.Violation: They did1~ Strat Skew – Kills my ability to have a coherent strat because I definitionally cannot access offense in the round even though I meet the burden and that means they will always be at an advantage to just put defense on my burden and just win risk of offense. Key to fairness because strategy is needed to access the ballot2~ Ground – Definitionally excludes my ability to read other positions because I have to spend time beating back the nib which means I not only lose access to offense by meeting the burden I lose the ability to read other offs as sources of offense. Key to fairness because I need ground for access to the ballot.Voter: fairness | 10/3/21 |
2 - Potential InterpsTournament: NA | Round: Finals | Opponent: NA | Judge: NA Interpretation: The negative may not read a position that picks out a particular part of the aff. To clarify, PICs bad. Interpretation: Debates may not read dispositional advocacies. Interpretation: The affirmative debater may not read necessary burdens for themselves but is also an insufficient burden for me. To clarify they cannot read nibs. Interpretation: Debaters must disclose all off-case positions on the 2021-2022 NDCA LD wiki for every round they have debated this season. | 10/2/21 |
2 - ROB Spec Shell V1Tournament: Yale | Round: 5 | Opponent: Walt Whitman EY | Judge: Datti, Abhilash ROB specA. Interpretation: The neg must specify a comprehensive role of the ballot and clarify how the round will play out under that role of the ballot in the form of a text in the 1NC. To clarify, the neg must:1. Clarify how we determine what a legitimate advocacy is and how offense links back to the role of the ballot, such as whether topicality constrains the neg advocacy or not.2. Every plank of the ROB must be warranted, just like the standard text for a normative ethical theory, and what area of debate must be warranted i.e. which assumptions we should accept and which we shouldn't.3. Clarify what theoretical objections do and do not link to the neg, and whether or not the neg comes before theory.4. Describe how to weigh and compare between competing advocacies i.e. whether the role of the ballot is solely determined by the flow or another method of engagement.B. Violation:C. Standards:1. Engagement – If I don't know how the role of the ballot functions, its impossible for me to engage the neg, since knowing what counts as offense for me is a prerequisite to being able to make meaningful arguments that clash with yours. Knowing what a legitimate advocacy is ensures that I read something that is relevant to your method, and knowing how to weigh gives us an explicit standard for what is relevant, preventing superficial clash where we each make vacuous preclusion claims. This is uniquely true of role of the ballots since there is no communal norm on what "preformative engagement" is in the same way there is for what counts as util offense. Few impacts:a) Education – when two ships pass in the night we don't learn anything, education is derived from analyzing and comparing each other's arguments, so this theory argument is specifically legitimate. Not being able to crystallize on one issue is the definition of bad education. CHOKSHI:Niraj Chokshi is a former staff editor at TheAtlantic.com, where he wrote about technology. He is currently freelancing How Do We Stop the Internet From Making Us Stupid? JUN 8 2010 http://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2010/06/how-do-we-stop-the-internet-from-making-us-stupid/57796/ | 10/3/21 |
2 - ROB Spec Shell V1Tournament: Yale | Round: 5 | Opponent: Walt Whitman EY | Judge: Datti, Abhilash ROB specA. Interpretation: The neg must specify a comprehensive role of the ballot and clarify how the round will play out under that role of the ballot in the form of a text in the 1NC. To clarify, the neg must:1. Clarify how we determine what a legitimate advocacy is and how offense links back to the role of the ballot, such as whether topicality constrains the neg advocacy or not.2. Every plank of the ROB must be warranted, just like the standard text for a normative ethical theory, and what area of debate must be warranted i.e. which assumptions we should accept and which we shouldn't.3. Clarify what theoretical objections do and do not link to the neg, and whether or not the neg comes before theory.4. Describe how to weigh and compare between competing advocacies i.e. whether the role of the ballot is solely determined by the flow or another method of engagement.B. Violation:C. Standards:1. Engagement – If I don't know how the role of the ballot functions, its impossible for me to engage the neg, since knowing what counts as offense for me is a prerequisite to being able to make meaningful arguments that clash with yours. Knowing what a legitimate advocacy is ensures that I read something that is relevant to your method, and knowing how to weigh gives us an explicit standard for what is relevant, preventing superficial clash where we each make vacuous preclusion claims. This is uniquely true of role of the ballots since there is no communal norm on what "preformative engagement" is in the same way there is for what counts as util offense. Few impacts:a) Education – when two ships pass in the night we don't learn anything, education is derived from analyzing and comparing each other's arguments, so this theory argument is specifically legitimate. Not being able to crystallize on one issue is the definition of bad education. CHOKSHI:Niraj Chokshi is a former staff editor at TheAtlantic.com, where he wrote about technology. He is currently freelancing How Do We Stop the Internet From Making Us Stupid? JUN 8 2010 http://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2010/06/how-do-we-stop-the-internet-from-making-us-stupid/57796/ | 10/3/21 |
2 - Spec Status ShellTournament: Princeton Classic | Round: 4 | Opponent: Summit JC | Judge: Gentleman, Jonah Interp: The neg must specify the status of all advocacies in the form of a delineated text in 1NC during the 1NC immediately after reading the advocacy text. To clarify, you must say if advocacies are condo, uncondo, or dispo in the 1NC. | 12/4/21 |
4 - NIBs IVITournament: Yale | Round: 2 | Opponent: Syosset LG | Judge: Eric Tang NIBsTheir strategy of quick, blippy arguments excludes people with learning disabilities which not only deters them from the activity but also makes debate uneducational.Thompson 15 Terrence Lonam April 21, 2015 "Miscellaneous Thoughts from the Disorganized Mind of Marshall Thompson" http://nsdupdate.com/2015/04/21/miscellaneous-thoughts-from-the-disorganized-mind-of-marshall-thompson/ Their formatting is inaccessible – some parts of the doc can't even be seen in the nav pane, that's ableist – people rely on the doc for flowing – the rest of the doc isn't even spaced out it's a breeding ground for abusive spikes.Vote them down – inclusion is a tangible out-of-round impact distinct from the procedural aspects of debate – it's a prerequisite to accessing any benefits in the activity and safety which is an intrinsic good. | 10/3/21 |
Debris LARP ACTournament: LEXINGTON WINTER INVITATIONAL | Round: 2 | Opponent: Iowa City West NW | Judge: Hernandez, Javier Plan:I affirm - The appropriation of outer space through the production of space debris by private entities is unjust.Advantage - Space DebrisPrivatization of space leads to unchecked debris.Muelhaupt et al. 19 – Theodore, Marlon Sorge, Jamie Morin, and Robert Wilson, 6/18/19, Center for Orbital and Reentry Debris Studies, Center for Space Policy and Strategy, The Aerospace Corporation, 30 year Space Systems Analyst and Operator, ~"Space traffic management in the new space era," Journal of Space Safety Engineering, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S246889671930045X?via3Dihub~~ Justin Privatization exponentially increases the curve but ending dangerous missions stops it.Bernat 20 – Pawel, 2020, Military University of Aviation, ~"ORBITAL SATELLITE CONSTELLATIONS AND THE GROWING THREAT OF KESSLER SYNDROME IN THE LOWER EARTH ORBIT," SAFETY ENGINEERING OF ANTHROPOGENIC OBJECTS, Volume 4, PDF~ Justin Space Debris infinitely cascades due to the Kessler effect, making entire orbits unusableMatignon, L. D. G. (2019, June 18). The Kessler syndrome and space debris. Space Legal Issues. ear https://www.spacelegalissues.com/space-law-the-kessler-syndrome/ Louis de Gouyon Matignon has a PhD in space law (co-supervised by both Philippe Delebecque, from Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne, France, and Christopher D. Johnson, from Georgetown University, Washington D.C.); Three Scenarios:Scenario 1 is Global War -Debris triggers miscalculated war.Peter Dockrill 16. Award-winning science and technology journalist. "Space Junk Accidents Could Trigger Armed Conflict, Study Finds." https://www.sciencealert.com/space-junk-accidents-could-trigger-armed-conflict-expert-warns. ====Goes nuclear.==== Any nuclear war causes extinction – ice age and famine.Steven Starr 15 ~Director of the University of Missouri's Clinical Laboratory Science Program, as well as a senior scientist at the Physicians for Social Responsibility. He has worked with the Swiss, Chilean, and Swedish governments in support of their efforts at the United Nations to eliminate thousands of high-alert, launch-ready U.S. and Russian nuclear weapons. "Nuclear War: An Unrecognized Mass Extinction Event Waiting To Happen." Ratical. March 2015. https://ratical.org/radiation/NuclearExtinction/StevenStarr022815.html~~ TG Scenario 2 is WarmingSpace Debris trades off with effective warming mitigationManner 21 ~Jennifer Manneris senior vice president of regulatory affairs at Hughes Network Systems. 7-27-2021, "Utilizing space to fight climate change on Earth," TheHill, https://thehill.com/opinion/energy-environment/565054-utilizing-space-to-fight-climate-change-on-earth~~/ISEE Climate Change is existentialNg '19 ~Yew-Kwang; May 2019; Professor of Economics at Nanyang Technology University, Fellow of the Academy of Social Sciences in Australia and Member of the Advisory Board at the Global Priorities Institute at Oxford University, Ph.D. in Economics from Sydney University; Global Policy, "Keynote: Global Extinction and Animal Welfare: Two Priorities for Effective Altruism," vol. 10, no. 2, p. 258-266; RP~ AND autonomous outsourcing—-extinctionKlare and Perry '21 — Michael Klare, Five College, professor emeritus of peace and world security studies, and director of the Five College Program in Peace and World Security Studies, B.A. and M.A. from Columbia University and a Ph.D. from the Graduate School of the Union Institute, serves on the board of the Arms Control Association and advises other organizations; Lucas Perry, interviewer; (July 30th 2021; "Michael Klare on the Pentagon's view of Climate Change and the Risks of State Collapse"; Future of Life Institute; https://futureoflife.org/2021/07/30/michael-klare-on-the-pentagons-view-of-climate-change-and-the-risks-of-state-collapse/?cn-reloaded=1; LFS—JCM) Scenario 3 is Global TensionSpace Debris would destroy internet and GPS access worldwideIBERDROLA. (2021, June 30). Space Debris. Retrieved December 7, 2021, ear from https://www.iberdrola.com/sustainability/space-debris ear Iberdrola SA is a holding company, which engages in the generation, distribution, trading, and marketing of electricity. It operates through the following businesses: Networks, Liberalized, Renewables and Other Businesses. AND Space debris creates uncertainty about involvement of adversaries which can create armed conflict, the more space debris, the increased likelihood of conflict.Sample, I. (2016, January 22). Rise in space junk could provoke armed conflict say scientists. The Guardian. Retrieved December 14, 2021, from https://www.theguardian.com/science/2016/jan/22/rise-in-space-junk-could-provoke-armed-conflict-say-scientists. Ian Sample is science editor of the Guardian. Before joining the newspaper in 2003, he was a journalist at New Scientist and worked at the Institute of Physics as a journal editor. He has a PhD in biomedical materials from Queen Mary's, University of London. Ian also presents the Science Weekly podcast. ech Space Debris contaminates environments on earthLuke, C. (2021, September 6). What is Space Junk and How Does It Affect the Environment? Earth.Org - Past | Present | Future. Retrieved December 6, 2021, from https://earth.org/space-junk-what-is-it-what-can-we-do-about-it/ ear Earth.Org is a not-for-profit environmental organization based in Hong Kong. Their aim is to bring attention to what is happening to natural ecosystems worldwide. ... Climate change and environmental degradation create existential risks, caused by our decision to gamble on the outcomes of unsustainable activity. UnderviewFrameworkThe Meta-Ethic is NaturalismThe standard is maximizing expected wellbeing. Pleasure and pain are intrinsic value and disvalue – everything else regresses – robust neuroscience.Blum et al. 18 – Kenneth Blum, 1Department of Psychiatry, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Dayton VA Medical Center, Wright State University, Dayton, OH, USA 2Department of Psychiatry, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA 3Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Keck Medicine University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA 4Division of Applied Clinical Research and Education, Dominion Diagnostics, LLC, North Kingstown, RI, USA 5Department of Precision Medicine, Geneus Health LLC, San Antonio, TX, USA 6Department of Addiction Research and Therapy, Nupathways Inc., Innsbrook, MO, USA 7Department of Clinical Neurology, Path Foundation, New York, NY, USA 8Division of Neuroscience-Based Addiction Therapy, The Shores Treatment and Recovery Center, Port Saint Lucie, FL, USA 9Institute of Psychology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary 10Division of Addiction Research, Dominion Diagnostics, LLC. North Kingston, RI, USA 11Victory Nutrition International, Lederach, PA., USA 12National Human Genome Center at Howard University, Washington, DC., USA, Marjorie Gondré-Lewis, 12National Human Genome Center at Howard University, Washington, DC., USA 13Departments of Anatomy and Psychiatry, Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, DC US, Bruce Steinberg, 4Division of Applied Clinical Research and Education, Dominion Diagnostics, LLC, North Kingstown, RI, USA, Igor Elman, 15Department Psychiatry, Cooper University School of Medicine, Camden, NJ, USA, David Baron, 3Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Keck Medicine University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA, Edward J Modestino, 14Department of Psychology, Curry College, Milton, MA, USA, Rajendra D Badgaiyan, 15Department Psychiatry, Cooper University School of Medicine, Camden, NJ, USA, Mark S Gold 16Department of Psychiatry, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA, "Our evolved unique pleasure circuit makes humans different from apes: Reconsideration of data derived from animal studies", U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, 28 February 2018, accessed: 19 August 2020, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6446569/, R.S. Prefer:1~ Actor spec—governments must use util because they don't have intentions and are constantly dealing with tradeoffs—outweighs since different agents have different obligations—takes out calc indicts since they are empirically denied.2~ No intent-foresight distinction for states.Enoch 07 Enoch, D ~The Faculty of Law, The Hebrew Unviersity, Mount Scopus Campus, Jersusalem~. (2007). INTENDING, FORESEEING, AND THE STATE. Legal Theory, 13(02). doi:10.1017/s1352325207070048 https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/legal-theory/article/intending-foreseeing-and-the-state/76B18896B94D5490ED0512D8E8DC54B2 3~ Death is bad and o/w—ontologically destroys the subject.Paterson 1 – Department of Philosophy, Providence College, Rhode Island. (Craig, "A Life Not Worth Living?", Studies in Christian Ethics, http://sce.sagepub.com) 4~ Weighability – only consequentialism explains degrees of wrongness—if I break a promise to meet up for lunch, that is not as bad as breaking a promise to take a dying person to the hospital. Only the consequences of breaking the promise explain why the second one is much worse than the first - Intuitions outweigh.Theory1~ Aff gets 1AR theory because otherwise the neg can engage in infinite abuse, making debate impossible. It's DTD and no RVIs, and Competing Interps– the 1AR is too short for theory and substance so ballot implications are key to check abuse and they can dump 6 minutes of answers to a short argument and make the 2AR impossible, and 1AR interps aren't bidirectional and the neg should have to defend their norm since they have more time.2~ Aff theory highest layer of the round – they get thirteen minutes on theory vs our seven minutes – they'll say we can read 1AC theory but we can't preempt every possible abuse story and don't allow new 2NR theory or paradigm issues – makes the aff always lose since there's no way to cover everything in the 2AR, and paradigm issues can be contested in the 1NC. | 1/15/22 |
ND - Soft Power ACTournament: Princeton Classic | Round: 1 | Opponent: Princeton CB | Judge: Phoenix Pittman 1AC1AC – FrameworkUtil ShortThe standard is act hedonistic util. Prefer –1 – Pleasure and pain are intrinsic value and disvalue – everything else regresses – robust neuroscience.Blum et al. 18 Kenneth Blum, 1Department of Psychiatry, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Dayton VA Medical Center, Wright State University, Dayton, OH, USA 2Department of Psychiatry, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA 3Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Keck Medicine University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA 4Division of Applied Clinical Research and Education, Dominion Diagnostics, LLC, North Kingstown, RI, USA 5Department of Precision Medicine, Geneus Health LLC, San Antonio, TX, USA 6Department of Addiction Research and Therapy, Nupathways Inc., Innsbrook, MO, USA 7Department of Clinical Neurology, Path Foundation, New York, NY, USA 8Division of Neuroscience-Based Addiction Therapy, The Shores Treatment and Recovery Center, Port Saint Lucie, FL, USA 9Institute of Psychology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary 10Division of Addiction Research, Dominion Diagnostics, LLC. North Kingston, RI, USA 11Victory Nutrition International, Lederach, PA., USA 12National Human Genome Center at Howard University, Washington, DC., USA, Marjorie Gondré-Lewis, 12National Human Genome Center at Howard University, Washington, DC., USA 13Departments of Anatomy and Psychiatry, Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, DC US, Bruce Steinberg, 4Division of Applied Clinical Research and Education, Dominion Diagnostics, LLC, North Kingstown, RI, USA, Igor Elman, 15Department Psychiatry, Cooper University School of Medicine, Camden, NJ, USA, David Baron, 3Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Keck Medicine University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA, Edward J Modestino, 14Department of Psychology, Curry College, Milton, MA, USA, Rajendra D Badgaiyan, 15Department Psychiatry, Cooper University School of Medicine, Camden, NJ, USA, Mark S Gold 16Department of Psychiatry, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA, "Our evolved unique pleasure circuit makes humans different from apes: Reconsideration of data derived from animal studies", U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, 28 February 2018, accessed: 19 August 2020, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6446569/, R.S. 2 – No intent-foresight distinction – if I foresee a consequence, then it becomes part of my deliberation since its intrinsic to my actionNo intent foresight distinction for states.Enoch 07 Enoch, D ~The Faculty of Law, The Hebrew Unviersity, Mount Scopus Campus, Jersusalem~. (2007). INTENDING, FORESEEING, AND THE STATE. Legal Theory, 13(02). doi:10.1017/s1352325207070048 https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/legal-theory/article/intending-foreseeing-and-the-state/76B18896B94D5490ED0512D8E8DC54B2 3 - Extinction first –A – Forecloses future improvement – we can never improve society because our impact is irreversible which proves moral uncertaintyB – Turns suffering – mass death causes suffering because people can't get access to resources and basic necessitiesC – Objectivity – body count is the most objective way to calculate impacts because comparing suffering is unethical4 – TJFs – Util is the only framework that makes sense for collective bargaining topicsSaylor n.d. "Unions." The Business Ethics Worksho, saylordotorg.github.io/text_the-business-ethics-workshop/s19-04-unions.html. Outweighs –A. Most articles about strikes are written through util – means other frameworks can never engage with the core questions of the literature which decks predictability.5 - No Calc Indicts –A~ No philosophy actually says that consequences don't matter at all since otherwise it would indict every theory since they use causal events to understand how their ethics have worked in the past and through the justification of premisesB~ We don't need consequences – winning hedonism proves we're the only one with impacts to it which means risk of offense framing is sufficientC~ They're blippy NIBs that set the neg at an unfair advantage since they only have to win one while we have to beat them all1AC: PlanPlan – A just government of the People's Republic of China ought to recognize an unconditional right of workers to strike.That solves worker liberation, labor reforms, and re-establishes credible Collective Bargaining in China – establishing legal protection for Labor Unions reduces overall labor-related discontent.Dongfang 11 Han Dongfang 4-6-2011 "Liberate China's Workers" https://archive.md/7RvDG~~#selection-307.0-316.0 (director of China Labour Bulletin, a nongovernmental organization that defends the rights of workers in China.)Elmer 1AC: Soft Power AdvantageLack of Chinese Right to Strike devastates Collective Bargaining – undermines any legal leverage for Strikes.Friedman 17 Eli Friedman 4-20-2017 "Collective Bargaining in China is Dead: The Situation is Excellent" https://www.chinoiresie.info/collective-bargaining-in-china-is-dead-the-situation-is-excellent/ (Assistant Professor of International and Comparative Labour at Cornell University)Elmer Any credible union power is under-cut by detentions of labor activists.Merkley and McGovern 13 Jeff Merkley and James McGovern 12-20-2013 "Detention of Labor Representative Highlights Challenges for Collective Bargaining in China" https://www.cecc.gov/publications/commission-analysis/detention-of-labor-representative-highlights-challenges-for (Representative and Co-Chair of the Congressional-Executive Commission on China)Elmer The Right to Strike re-balances China's Economy.Roberts 10 Dexter Roberts 8-5-2010 "Is the Right to Strike Coming to China" https://archive.md/hjNI7 (Editor at Bloomberg)Elmer Enhanced Unions and Labor Reforms key to sustained Chinese Economic Growth.Haack 21 Michael Haack 2-13-2021 "Could Biden Make US-China Trade Better for Workers?" https://thediplomat.com/2021/02/could-biden-make-us-china-trade-better-for-workers/ (Michael Haack currently a contractor with the China Labor Translation Project, a project of the Chinese Progressive Association. He previously worked with industrial workers in southern China. Michael holds master's degrees from SOAS, University of London and American University)Elmer China's Economy is hosed and threatened by rampant Inequality gaps that devastate consumption.Bloomberg 21 1-19-2021 "China's Wide Income Gap Undercut Spending as Growth Recovers" https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2021-01-18/china-s-strong-growth-masks-unbalanced-recovery-as-incomes-lag Elmer That's critical for Soft Power Projection BUT authoritarianism regarding activists puts efforts on the brink – re-establishing credibility of governance is important.Albert 18 Eleanor Albert 2-9-2018 "China's Big Bet on Soft Power" https://www.cfr.org/backgrounder/chinas-big-bet-soft-power (a third-year PhD student concentrating in international relations and comparative politics)Elmer Chinese Economic Decline leads to all-out War – specifically over Taiwan.Joske 18 Stephen Joske 10-23-2018 "China's Coming Financial Crisis And The National Security Connection" https://warontherocks.com/2018/10/chinas-coming-financial-crisis-and-the-national-security-connection/ (senior adviser to the Australian Treasurer during the 1997–98 Asian crisis)re-cut by Elmer Taiwan goes Nuclear.Talmadge 18 ~Caitlin, Associate Professor of Security Studies at the Edmund A. Walsh School of Foreign Service at Georgetown University, "Beijing's Nuclear Option: Why a U.S.-China War Could Spiral Out of Control," accessible online at https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/china/2018-10-15/beijings-nuclear-option, published Nov/Dec 2018~re-cut by Elmer Nuke war causes extinction AND outweighs other existential risksPND 16. internally citing Zbigniew Brzezinski, Council of Foreign Relations and former national security adviser to President Carter, Toon and Robock's 2012 study on nuclear winter in the Bulletin of Atomic Scientists, Gareth Evans' International Commission on Nuclear Non-proliferation and Disarmament Report, Congressional EMP studies, studies on nuclear winter by Seth Baum of the Global Catastrophic Risk Institute and Martin Hellman of Stanford University, and U.S. and Russian former Defense Secretaries and former heads of nuclear missile forces, brief submitted to the United Nations General Assembly, Open-Ended Working Group on nuclear risks. A/AC.286/NGO/13. 05-03-2016. http://www.reachingcriticalwill.org/images/documents/Disarmament-fora/OEWG/2016/Documents/NGO13.pdf Re-cut by Elmer 1AC - Underview1AR theory is legit – anything else means infinite abuse – drop the debater, competing interps, no rvis– 1AR is too short to make up for the time trade-off – no RVIs and no 2NR theory and paradigm issues– 6 min 2NR means they can brute force me every time. | 12/3/21 |
SO - AccessibilityInnovation LARP ACTournament: Yale | Round: 2 | Opponent: Syosset LG | Judge: Eric Tang 1ACUNDERVIEW AT THE BOTTOM PlanThe member nations of the World Trade Organization ought to reduce intellectual property protections for medicines by eliminating TRIPS-Plus patent policies.Access AdvantageBasic, life-saving drugs are widely inaccessible in the squo – millions across the world cannot afford them due to high prices.Bhatt, 8 — member at Landman Corsi Ballaine and Ford ~Tina S., Amending TRIPS: A New Hope for Increased Access to Essential Medicines, 33 Brook. J. Int'l L., 2008, https://brooklynworks.brooklaw.edu/bjil/vol33/iss2/6, accessed 8-1-21~ TRIPS-Plus standards shred equitable and affordable access to developing countries because they undermine TRIPS flexibilities – 7 warrants.Smith et al., 9 — PhD, Professor at the Health Policy Unit, Department of Public Health and Policy, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine ~Prof Richard D Smith PhD, Prof Carlos Correa PhD, Cecilia Oh PhD, Trade, TRIPS, and pharmaceuticals, The Lancet, Volume 373, Issue 9664, 21–27 February 2009, Pages 684-691, https://doi-org.libproxy.uwyo.edu/10.1016/S0140-6736(08)61779-1, accessed 7-31-21~ Restrictions on data sharing and compulsory licensing severely impede access to generic drugs for indigent populations globallyBaird, 13 — Boston College of Law ~Sean, Magic and Hope: Relaxing Trips-Plus Provisions to Promote Access to Affordable Pharmaceuticals. Boston College Journal of Law and Social Justice, 33(1), 107-145, 2013, http://lawdigitalcommons.bc.edu/jlsj/vol33/iss1/4, accessed 7-31-21~ - RandD AdvantageExtensive IP restrictions encourage the production of trivial patents that stifle research and development by creating legal minefields.Lindsey '21 (Brink Lindsey; Lindsey is a vice president at the Niskanen Center, where his research focuses on policy responses to slow growth and high inequality. Prior to joining Niskanen, Lindsey was vice president for research at the Cato Institute. From 2010 to 2012, he was a senior scholar in research and policy at the Ewing Marion Kauffman Foundation.; 6-3-2021; "Why intellectual property and pandemics don't mix"; https://www.brookings.edu/blog/up-front/2021/06/03/why-intellectual-property-and-pandemics-dont-mix/, Brookings, accessed 7-31-2021; JPark) Pharmaceutical innovation is key to protecting against future pandemics, bioterrorism, and antibiotic resistance.Marjanovic and Fejiao '20 Marjanovic, Sonja, and Carolina Feijao. Sonja Marjanovic, Ph.D., Judge Business School, University of Cambridge. Carolina Feijao, Ph.D. in biochemistry, University of Cambridge; M.Sc. in quantitive biology, Imperial College London; B.Sc. in biology, University of Lisbon. "Pharmaceutical Innovation for Infectious Disease Management: From Troubleshooting to Sustainable Models of Engagement." (2020). ~Quality Control~ Bioterror is the largest medical threat—it outweighs natural pandemicsBakerlee '21 Chris Bakerlee is a Ph.D. candidate studying evolutionary genetics at Harvard University and a fellow in the Council on Strategic Risks's Fellowship for Ending Bioweapons Programs. "Mother Nature is not 'the ultimate bioterrorist' - STAT." STAT, 8 Jan. 2021, www.statnews.com/2021/01/08/mother-nature-is-not-the-ultimate-bioterrorist. ~Quality Control~ Bioterrorism leads to extinction – modern technologies can be used to isolate deadly pathogens and target vast populations.Kellman '08 (Barry, Professor of Law, Director, International Weapons Control Center, International Human Rights Law Institute @ DePaul U., Futurist, May 2008, "Bioviolence: A Growing Threat," http://www.britannica.com/bps/additionalcontent/18/31535413/Bioviolence-A-Growing-Threat) FramingThe standard is saving lives:Death outweighs1~ Agents can't act if they fear for their bodily security—my framework constrains every K2~ Trillions of people in future generations means the future holds a lot of value – outweighs their offense under any framework3~ Death is the worst form of evil since it destroys the subject itself.Paterson 3 – Department of Philosophy, Providence College, Rhode Island (Craig, "A Life Not Worth Living?", Studies in Christian Ethics. Underview~1~ 1ar theory since the neg can do bad things and I can't check. It's drop the debater since the 1ar is too short to win both layers. No RVI since they'd dump on it for 6 minutes. Competing interps since reasonability is arbitrary and bites intervention.~2~ Theory is the highest layer – procedural fairness is a voter and outweighs A~ Reversibility- we can't change the social location of debaters but we can change norms since their constantly shifting B~ Sequencing- unfair norms exacerbate structural skews; small school teams and minorities would leave debate if it was procedurally unfair. Any reason why aff practices are bad is a reason to drop the argument – solves 100 of abuse. | 10/3/21 |
SO - Trad ACTournament: Duke Invitational | Round: 1 | Opponent: Harrison TB | Judge: Meine, Liz | 10/2/21 |
Trix ACTournament: Princeton Classic | Round: 5 | Opponent: Stuyvesant HJ | Judge: Kang, Albert 1AC1AC – FrameworkThe Meta-Ethic is Moral Pluralism; Clashing viewpoints does not require the exclusion of one over another but instead the acceptance that both can be valuable ethical tools. Prefer1~ Dogmatism Paradox – disregard the 1NCSorensen Sorensen, Roy, Professor of Philosophy at Washington University in St. Louis. "Epistemic Paradoxes." Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. 21 June 2006. https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/epistemic-paradoxes/. PeteZ 2~ Principle of explosion is true which also proves the resolution true.Wikiwand. "Principle of Explosion." Wikiwand, 0AD, www.wikiwand.com/en/Principle_of_explosion. Massa 3~ Decision Making Paradox- in order to judge we need a decision-making procedure to determine it is a good decision. But to chose a decision-making procedure requires another meta level decision making procedure leading to infinite regress so just vote aff to break the paradox.4~ Empirics- Quantum superposition proves different ethics can exist simultaneously.MIT '19 (Emerging Technology from the arXiv archive page; Covers latest ideas from blog post about arXiv; 03/12/2019; "Emerging Technology from the arXiv archive page"; https://www.technologyreview.com/2019/03/12/136684/a-quantum-experiment-suggests-theres-no-such-thing-as-objective-reality/; MIT Technology Review; accessed: 11/19/2020; MohulA) 5~ There are infinite worlds, the aff is logical in one which is sufficient.Vaidman 2 Vaidman, Lev, 3-24-2002, "Many-Worlds Interpretation of Quantum Mechanics (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy)," No Publication, https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/qm-manyworlds/ 6~ The rules of logic claim that the only time a statement is invalid is if the antecedent is true, but the consequent is false.SEP ~Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy.~ "An Introduction to Philosophy." Stanford University. https://web.stanford.edu/~~bobonich/dictionary/dictionary.html TG Massa If the aff is winning, they get the ballot is a tacit ballot conditional which means denying the premise proves the conclusion that I should get the ballot.Resolving such differences requires a fair, non-arbitrary method that isn't biased in its ability to make normative judgements. Thus, the standard is creating ethical spaces of shared normativity. Only formulating spaces that allow us to deliberate and share different perspectives can guide action.Additionally prefer1~ TJFS- A~ Inclusion – Pragmatism is a procedural for allowing any argumentation in the debate space which controls the internal link to inclusion which is an impact multiplier B~ Resource Disparities- Discursive frameworks ensure big squads don't have a comparative advantage since debates become about quality of arguments rather than quantity and require a higher level of analytic thinking that small schools have.2~ Value – procedural decisions have infinite value because they allow agents to take steps to reduce harms under any index. To shut down an avenue for pragmatic discourse necessitates foreclosing all possible decisions in that situation except a static theory we can't change. Kills the net most value – alternative theories with massive impacts can't be considered.3~ Value Pluralism- Other ethical theories rely on minimalistic criteria as their foundation, our framework resolves this by using these criteria to better inform our judgments | 12/4/21 |
Trix ACTournament: Princeton Classic | Round: 5 | Opponent: Stuyvesant HJ | Judge: Kang, Albert 1AC1AC – FrameworkThe Meta-Ethic is Moral Pluralism; Clashing viewpoints does not require the exclusion of one over another but instead the acceptance that both can be valuable ethical tools. Prefer1~ Dogmatism Paradox – disregard the 1NCSorensen Sorensen, Roy, Professor of Philosophy at Washington University in St. Louis. "Epistemic Paradoxes." Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. 21 June 2006. https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/epistemic-paradoxes/. PeteZ 2~ Principle of explosion is true which also proves the resolution true.Wikiwand. "Principle of Explosion." Wikiwand, 0AD, www.wikiwand.com/en/Principle_of_explosion. Massa 3~ Decision Making Paradox- in order to judge we need a decision-making procedure to determine it is a good decision. But to chose a decision-making procedure requires another meta level decision making procedure leading to infinite regress so just vote aff to break the paradox.4~ Empirics- Quantum superposition proves different ethics can exist simultaneously.MIT '19 (Emerging Technology from the arXiv archive page; Covers latest ideas from blog post about arXiv; 03/12/2019; "Emerging Technology from the arXiv archive page"; https://www.technologyreview.com/2019/03/12/136684/a-quantum-experiment-suggests-theres-no-such-thing-as-objective-reality/; MIT Technology Review; accessed: 11/19/2020; MohulA) 5~ There are infinite worlds, the aff is logical in one which is sufficient.Vaidman 2 Vaidman, Lev, 3-24-2002, "Many-Worlds Interpretation of Quantum Mechanics (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy)," No Publication, https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/qm-manyworlds/ 6~ The rules of logic claim that the only time a statement is invalid is if the antecedent is true, but the consequent is false.SEP ~Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy.~ "An Introduction to Philosophy." Stanford University. https://web.stanford.edu/~~bobonich/dictionary/dictionary.html TG Massa If the aff is winning, they get the ballot is a tacit ballot conditional which means denying the premise proves the conclusion that I should get the ballot.Resolving such differences requires a fair, non-arbitrary method that isn't biased in its ability to make normative judgements. Thus, the standard is creating ethical spaces of shared normativity. Only formulating spaces that allow us to deliberate and share different perspectives can guide action.Additionally prefer1~ TJFS- A~ Inclusion – Pragmatism is a procedural for allowing any argumentation in the debate space which controls the internal link to inclusion which is an impact multiplier B~ Resource Disparities- Discursive frameworks ensure big squads don't have a comparative advantage since debates become about quality of arguments rather than quantity and require a higher level of analytic thinking that small schools have.2~ Value – procedural decisions have infinite value because they allow agents to take steps to reduce harms under any index. To shut down an avenue for pragmatic discourse necessitates foreclosing all possible decisions in that situation except a static theory we can't change. Kills the net most value – alternative theories with massive impacts can't be considered.3~ Value Pluralism- Other ethical theories rely on minimalistic criteria as their foundation, our framework resolves this by using these criteria to better inform our judgments | 12/4/21 |
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