Nashua South Gu Neg
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| All | Finals | You | Any |
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| Columbia | 2 | Bronx Science SP | Javier Hernandez |
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| Columbia | 4 | Leland MN | Faizaan Dossani |
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| Columbia | 6 | Lexington TG | Paresh Chauhan |
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| Jack Howe | 2 | Fremont TK | Brett Boelkens |
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| Jack Howe | 3 | Harvard-Westlake KD | Benjamin Cortez |
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| Jack Howe | 5 | Orange Lutheran AZ | Valorie Lam |
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| Jack Howe | Octas | Independent WW | Scott Brown, Vanessa Nguyen, Christopher Perez |
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| Tournament | Round | Report |
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| Columbia | 2 | Opponent: Bronx Science SP | Judge: Javier Hernandez 1AC - whole res |
| Columbia | 4 | Opponent: Leland MN | Judge: Faizaan Dossani 1AC - asteroids |
| Columbia | 6 | Opponent: Lexington TG | Judge: Paresh Chauhan 1AC - lay |
| Jack Howe | 2 | Opponent: Fremont TK | Judge: Brett Boelkens 1AC - evergreening |
| Jack Howe | 3 | Opponent: Harvard-Westlake KD | Judge: Benjamin Cortez 1AC - COVID |
| Jack Howe | 5 | Opponent: Orange Lutheran AZ | Judge: Valorie Lam 1AC - Vaccine imperialism |
| Jack Howe | Octas | Opponent: Independent WW | Judge: Scott Brown, Vanessa Nguyen, Christopher Perez 1AC - opiods |
To modify or delete round reports, edit the associated round.
Cites
| Entry | Date |
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0 - Contact InfoTournament: All | Round: Finals | Opponent: You | Judge: Any Note: I would like trigger warnings for sensitive content. Email/Hangouts: enyagu8@gmail.com | 8/26/21 |
0 - DebateDrillsTournament: All | Round: Finals | Opponent: You | Judge: Any | 8/26/21 |
0 - NavigationTournament: All | Round: Finals | Opponent: You | Judge: Any | 8/26/21 |
JANFEB DA - EconTournament: Columbia | Round: 2 | Opponent: Bronx Science SP | Judge: Javier Hernandez The private sector in space is growing and investors have poured hundreds of millions into the industry based on projected growth – the aff reverses that and crashes investmentDavenport 21 – covers NASA and the space industry for The Washington Post's Financial desk. He joined The Post in 2000 and has a bachelors degree from Colby College. ~Christian, "Investors are placing big bets on a growing space economy. But can they reach orbit?", Washington Post, 9/05/21, https://www.washingtonpost.com/technology/2021/09/05/space-finance-bubble-investors/~~//AV The future of the economy is based on the private-sector driven success of space explorationClark 20 – President of U.S. Chamber of Commerce with an MBA from Georgetown University. ~Suzanne, "Space is our new economic frontier. The US can't afford to lose out", CNN Business, 3/02/20, https://www.cnn.com/2020/03/02/perspectives/space-economic-frontier/index.html~~//AV Econ decline results in nuclear war.Tønnesson 15 ~Tønnesson is a research professor at the Peace Research Institute Oslo (PRIO) in Norway and the leader of the East Asia Peace program at Uppsala University in Sweden.~ "Deterrence, interdependence and Sino–US peace." International Area Studies Review, volume 18, number 3, pgs. 297-311. 2015. | 1/29/22 |
JANFEB DA - PPTWTournament: Columbia | Round: 2 | Opponent: Bronx Science SP | Judge: Javier Hernandez The plan requires clarifying international space law—-causes strategic bargaining to extract concessionsAlexander William Salter 16, Assistant Professor of Economics, Rawls College of Business, Texas Tech University, "SPACE DEBRIS: A LAW AND ECONOMICS ANALYSIS OF THE ORBITAL COMMONS", 19 STAN. TECH. L. REV. 221 (2016), https://law.stanford.edu/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/19-2-2-salter-final_0.pdf Russia uses negotiations to push the PPWT—-erodes US space dominance—-unilat solvesMichael Listner 18, JD, Regent University School of Law, the founder and principal of the legal and policy think-tank/consultation firm Space Law and Policy Solutions, Sept 17 2018, "The art of lawfare and the real war in outer space", The Space Review, www.thespacereview.com/article/3571/1 The PPWT prohibits space-based missile defenseJack M. Beard 16, Associate Professor of Law at the University of Nebraska College of Law, Feb 15 2016, "Soft Law 's Failure on the Horizon: The International Code of Conduct for Outer Space Activities", University of Pennsylvania Journal of International Law, Vol. 38, No. 2, 2016, https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?referer=andhttpsredir=1andarticle=1086andcontext=spacelaw Causes rogue state missile threats—-that escalatesPatrick M. Shanahan 19, Acting Secretary of Defense from January to June 2019, previously vice president and general manager of Boeing Missile Defense Systems, Jan 2019, "2019 MISSILE DEFENSE REVIEW", US Department of Defense, https://media.defense.gov/2019/Jan/17/2002080666/-1/-1/1/2019-MISSILE-DEFENSE-REVIEW.PDF | 1/29/22 |
JANFEB T - AppropriationTournament: Columbia | Round: 4 | Opponent: Leland MN | Judge: Faizaan Dossani Interpretation: the affirmative may not specify a type of appropriation'The' indicates that appropriation is generic – no spec is allowedMerriam Webster's 19 Online Dictionary, https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/the Violation: they spec asteroid miningStandards1~ Limits – they can spec infinite different types of appropriation like space mining, satellite orbit types, colonization, etc. This takes out functional limits – it's impossible for me to research every possible combination of entities, governments, and appropriation.2~ TVA solves – just read your aff as an advantage to a whole rez aff – we don't stop them from reading new FWs, mechanisms or advantages. PICs aren't aff offense – a~ it's ridiculous to say that neg potential abuse justifies the aff being non-T b~ There's only a small number of pics on this topic c~ PICs incentivize them to write better affs that can generate solvency deficits to PICsTopicality is a voting issue that should be evaluated through competing interpretations—it tells the negative what they do and do not have to prepare for. Reasonability is arbitrary and unpredictable, inviting a race to the bottom and we'll win it links to our offense.Precision o/w – anything else justifies the aff arbitrarily jettisoning words in the resolution at their whim which decks negative ground and preparation because the aff is no longer bounded by the resolution.Drop the debater to deter future abuse and because the 2N doesn't get new disads to whole rez so it's permanently skewed.No RVIs—it's your burden to be fair and T—same reason you don't win for answering inherency or putting defense on a disad. | 1/29/22 |
SEPTOCT CP - Abolish WTOTournament: Jack Howe | Round: 5 | Opponent: Orange Lutheran AZ | Judge: Valorie Lam The World Trade Organization ought to be abolished.The following 164 countries listed in the speech doc ought to independently eliminate patent protections for medicines.Afghanistan Albania Angola Antigua and Barbuda Argentina Armenia Australia Austria Bahrain, Kingdom of Bangladesh Barbados Belgium Belize Benin Bolivia, Plurinational State of Botswana Brazil Brunei Darussalam Bulgaria Burkina Faso Burundi Cabo Verde Cambodia Cameroon Canada Central African Republic Chad Chile China Colombia Congo Costa Rica Côte d'Ivoire Croatia Cuba Cyprus Czech Republic Democratic Republic of the Congo Denmark Djibouti Dominica Dominican Republic Ecuador Egypt El Salvador Estonia Eswatini European Union (formerly EC) Fiji Finland France Gabon Gambia Georgia Germany Ghana Greece Grenada Guatemala Guinea Guinea-Bissau Guyana Haiti Honduras Hong Kong, China Hungary Iceland India Indonesia Ireland Israel Italy Jamaica Japan Jordan Kazakhstan Kenya Korea, Republic of Kuwait, the State of Kyrgyz Republic Lao People's Democratic Republic Latvia Lesotho Liberia Liechtenstein Lithuania Luxembourg Macao, China Madagascar Malawi Malaysia Maldives Mali Malta Mauritania Mauritius Mexico Moldova, Republic of Mongolia Montenegro Morocco Mozambique Myanmar Namibia Nepal Netherlands New Zealand Nicaragua Niger Nigeria North Macedonia Norway Oman Pakistan Panama Papua New Guinea Paraguay Peru Philippines Poland Portugal Qatar Romania Russian Federation Rwanda Saint Kitts and Nevis Saint Lucia Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Samoa Saudi Arabia, Kingdom of Senegal Seychelles Sierra Leone Singapore Slovak Republic Slovenia Solomon Islands South Africa Spain Sri Lanka Suriname Sweden Switzerland Chinese Taipei Tajikistan Tanzania Thailand Togo Tonga Trinidad and Tobago Tunisia Turkey Uganda Ukraine United Arab Emirates United Kingdom United States Uruguay Vanuatu Venezuela, Bolivarian Republic of Viet Nam Yemen Zambia Zimbabwe Solves the case—-abolition allows free trade and permits nations govern without the pitfalls of the WTOJosh Hawley 20. Senator from Missouri, JD @ Yale, "The W.T.O. Should Be Abolished," New York Times, May 5, 2020, https://www.nytimes.com/2020/05/05/opinion/hawley-abolish-wto-china.html, RJP, DebateDrills Counterplan competes —-1~ Normal means—-it's in their plan text.2~ "Member" is defined as part of a group—-the counterplan abolishes the broader groupMerriam Webster n.d. "Member," https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/member, RJP, DebateDrills
3~ "Member of" means "to be contained in" "to be included in" and "be part of" —- none of those are possible if the broader group is gone.The WTO as an institution is unethical and perpetuates colonialism – solves caseGodrej 20 Allows rampant Chinese tech theft and enrichmentJosh Hawley 20. Senator from Missouri, JD @ Yale, "The W.T.O. Should Be Abolished," New York Times, May 5, 2020, https://www.nytimes.com/2020/05/05/opinion/hawley-abolish-wto-china.html, RJP, DebateDrills Specifically, the WTO permits Chinese tech theft.Stephen Ezell 21. Vice President, Global Innovation Policy, Information Technology and Innovation Foundation, "False Promises II: The Continuing Gap Between China's WTO Commitments and Its Practices," ITIF, July 26, 2021, https://itif.org/publications/2021/07/26/false-promises-ii-continuing-gap-between-chinas-wto-commitments-and-its, RJP, DebateDrills Stopping tech stealing is key to avoid warTimothy R. Heath 18. RAND Senior Defense and International Analyst, "Avoiding "Avoiding U.S.-China Competition Is Futile: Why the Best Option Is to Manage Strategic Rivalry"; Asia Policy; Vol 13 No 2; April 2018, RJP, DebateDrills | 9/19/21 |
SEPTOCT CP - WTOTournament: Jack Howe | Round: 2 | Opponent: Fremont TK | Judge: Brett Boelkens The TRIPs Council should vote to reduce intellectual property protections to reduce intellectual property protections for medicines by limiting drug innovators to one market exclusivity of their choice for their drug, amending TRIPs to mandate itThe United States should:—Publicly rescind support for the WTO waiver— Veto this motion and refuse to complyThe remaining member nations should initiate proceedings against the United States through the World Trade Organization Dispute Settlement Body which ought to find against the United States. The United States ought to comply with this ruling.Counterplan competes —-1~ The plan has the "member nations" act individually, while the counterplan is the WTO through the Council and eventually the DSB.Collins Dictionary n.d. "member nations" RJP, DebateDrills https://www.collinsdictionary.com/us/dictionary/english/member-nations 2~ ImmediacyOught and should are used interchangeably.Anastasia Koltai 18. CEO of MyEnglishTeacher, "Difference Between Ought to and Should," MyEnglishTeacher, September 25, 2018, https://www.myenglishteacher.eu/blog/difference-between-ought-to-and-should/, RJP, DebateDrills. "Should" is immediateSummers 94 (Justice – Oklahoma Supreme Court, "Kelsey v. Dollarsaver Food Warehouse of Durant", 1994 OK 123, 11-8, http://www.oscn.net/applications/oscn/DeliverDocument.asp?CiteID=20287~~#marker3fn13) The plan would require US companies to disclose information and waive IP protections—-the counterplan has the US resist to avoid political backlash, but that violates WTO disclosure requirements.Jorge Contreras 21. Presidential Scholar and Professor of Law at the University of Utah with an adjunct appointment in the Department of Human Genetics, JD @ Harvard, "US Support for a WTO Waiver of COVID-19 Intellectual Property – What Does it Mean?" Bill of Health Harvard Law, May 7, 2021, https://blog.petrieflom.law.harvard.edu/2021/05/07/wto-waiver-intellectual-property-covid/**, RJP, DebateDrills DSB is underutilized currently but using it for major dispute settlement shores it up—-that's key to combat Chinese IP violations.James Bacchus 18. Member of the Herbert A. Stiefel Center for Trade Policy Studies, the Distinguished University Professor of Global Affairs and director of the Center for Global Economic and Environmental Opportunity at the University of Central Florida. He was a founding judge and was twice the chairman—the chief judge—of the highest court of world trade, the Appellate Body of the World Trade Organization in Geneva, Switzerland. "How the World Trade Organization Can Curb China's Intellectual Property Transgressions," CATO, March 22, 2018, https://www.cato.org/blog/how-world-trade-organization-can-curb-chinas-intellectual-property-transgressions, RJP, DebateDrills. Stopping tech stealing is key to avoid warTimothy R. Heath 18. RAND Senior Defense and International Analyst, "Avoiding "Avoiding U.S.-China Competition Is Futile: Why the Best Option Is to Manage Strategic Rivalry"; Asia Policy; Vol 13 No 2; April 2018, RJP, DebateDrills | 9/18/21 |
SEPTOCT DA - EconTournament: Jack Howe | Round: 2 | Opponent: Fremont TK | Judge: Brett Boelkens Economy's recovering now – Delta and inflation are challenges but surmountableSully 8/19 - Evan Sully, 8/19/21, Reuters, U.S. leading indicator points to further economic recovery in July, https://www.reuters.com/world/us/us-leading-indicator-points-further-economic-recovery-july-2021-08-19/ WJ Pharma collapses without strong IP protectionsBuckland 17 - Danny Buckland (award-winning journalist who writes about health, general features and news, shortlisted for the prestigious Mind Media Awards for his work covering mental health issues), April 26, 2017, "Patents are lifeblood of pharmas", https://www.raconteur.net/legal/intellectual-property/patents-are-lifeblood-of-pharmas/ WJ Bipoharma collapse causes economic meltdown – it's far worse than previous recessionsHowrigon 17 — Ron Howrigon "(President and Founder of Fulcrum Strategies. He earned a Bachelor's degree in Business Administration from Western Michigan University and a Master's in Economics from North Carolina State University, focusing in the area of Health Economics) http://www.kevinmd.com/blog/2017/01/health-care-crash-u-s-economy.html, January 19 2017, WJ ExtinctionTønnesson 15 Stein Research Professor, Peace Research Institute Oslo; Leader of East Asia Peace program, Uppsala University, 2015, "Deterrence, interdependence and Sino–US peace," International Area Studies Review, Vol. 18, No. 3, p. 297-311 | 9/18/21 |
SEPTOCT DA - InnovationTournament: Jack Howe | Round: Octas | Opponent: Independent WW | Judge: Scott Brown, Vanessa Nguyen, Christopher Perez Current WTO legislation on IP rights promotes innovationEzell et al 4/29 Jaci McDole, Stephen Ezell ~Stephen Ezell is vice president, global innovation policy, at the Information Technology and Innovation Foundation (ITIF). He focuses on science and technology policy, international competitiveness, trade, manufacturing, and services issues.~ 4/29/21, "Ten Ways IP Has Enabled Innovations That Have Helped Sustain the World Through the Pandemic" Information Technology and Innovation Foundation, https://itif.org/publications/2021/04/29/ten-ways-ip-has-enabled-innovations-have-helped-sustain-world-through DD AG Reductions in protections kill medical innovation, economic growth, and knowledge building for the futureMcDole and Ezell 04/29 – Jaci McDole is a senior policy analyst covering intellectual property (IP) and innovation policy at ITIF. She focuses on IP and its correlations to global innovation and trade. Her work includes ITIF's Innovate4Health Initiatives (2017–2019) and A Covid-19 TRIPS Waiver Makes No More Sense for Copyrights Than It Does for Patents (2021). McDole comes to ITIF from the Institute for Intellectual Property Research, an organization she cofounded to study and further robust global IP policies. Stephen J. Ezell is ITIF vice president for Global Innovation Policy. He focuses on science, technology, and innovation policy as well as international competitiveness and trade policy issues. He is the coauthor of Innovating in a Service Driven Economy: Insights Application, and Practice (Palgrave McMillan, 2015) and Innovation Economics: The Race for Global Advantage (Yale 2012). The Information Technology and Innovation Foundation (ITIF) is an independent, nonprofit, nonpartisan research and educational institute focusing on the intersection of technological innovation and public policy. Recognized by its peers in the think tank community as the global center of excellence for science and technology policy, ITIF's mission is to formulate and promote policy solutions that accelerate innovation and boost productivity to spur growth, opportunity, and progress; April 29, 2021; "Ten Ways IP Has Enabled Innovations That Have Helped Sustain the World Through the Pandemic"; https://itif.org/publications/2021/04/29/ten-ways-ip-has-enabled-innovations-have-helped-sustain-world-through advay Two Impacts –1~ future pandemics are more likely and more deadly which makes innovation key to stop extinctionCeballos 5/27 Gerardo Ceballos ~PhD, Dr Gerardo Ceballos is an ecologist and conservationist at the Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico. He is particularly recognized for his influential work on global patterns of distribution of diversity, endemism, and extinction risk in vertebrates. He is also well-known for his contribution to understanding the magnitude and impacts of the sixth mass extinction.~, 5/27/21, "THE SIXTH MASS EXTINCTION AND THE FUTURE OF HUMANITY", Population Matters, https://populationmatters.org/news/2021/05/sixth-mass-extinction-and-future-humanity DD AG 2~ Anticipated economic results in nuclear war – especially for a post-pandemic worldTønnesson 15 ~Tønnesson is a research professor at the Peace Research Institute Oslo (PRIO) in Norway and the leader of the East Asia Peace program at Uppsala University in Sweden.~ "Deterrence, interdependence and Sino–US peace." International Area Studies Review, volume 18, number 3, pgs. 297-311. 2015 recut advay | 9/20/21 |
SEPTOCT PIC - NanomedTournament: Jack Howe | Round: Octas | Opponent: Independent WW | Judge: Scott Brown, Vanessa Nguyen, Christopher Perez CP: The member nations of the WTO Should Terminate current and ban secondary patents for medicines other than nanomedicineNanomed is rising and expecting to grow – use and preference for deadly diseases means its here to stayMordor, 21, "HEALTHCARE NANOTECHNOLOGY (NANOMEDICINE) MARKET - GROWTH, TRENDS, COVID-19 IMPACT, AND FORECASTS (2021 – 2026)", Group of analysts and researchers that prvoides healthcare based insights to over 1700 companies across the world, URL: https://www.mordorintelligence.com/industry-reports/healthcare-nanotechnology-nanomedicine-market~~#, KR Patents are key for phrarma companies to take the risk for developing nanomedBawa, et.al, 05, Science Direct, "Protecting new ideas and inventions in nanomedicine with patents", Raj Bawa, MS, PhD, MD '22 is president of Bawa Biotech LLC, a biotech/pharma consultancy and patent law firm based in Ashburn, VA, USA that he founded in 2002. He is an inventor, entrepreneur, professor and registered patent agent licensed to practice before the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office. Currently, he serves as a scientific advisor to Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd. (Israel), is a visiting research scholar at the Pharmaceutical Research Institute of Albany College of Pharmacy (Albany, NY), and is vice president of Guanine, Inc. (Rensselaer, NY). Previously, he was an adjunct professor at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute (Troy, NY) from 1998-2018, where he received his PhD degree in three years (biophysics/biochemistry), Kapil Bawa, PhD, is Professor of Marketing in the Allen G. Aaronson Department of Marketing and International Business, He has been an invited speaker at industry conferences and forums; has conducted executive development programs in Singapore, Taipei, India, and New York; and has consulted on marketing research projects. He holds a PhD in business from Columbia University, Stephen (Steve) B. Maebius is a partner and intellectual property lawyer with Foley and Lardner LLP. He has led teams within Foley handling a variety of different kinds of IP work, including IP due diligence reviews, infringement and validity opinions, international portfolio management, licensing, litigation with parallel inter partes reviews, reexaminations and interferences, and pharmaceutical patent term extensions. Two IP transactions in which Steve has participated were awarded "Deal of Distinction" status by the Licensing Executives Society. He is a former member of the firm's Management Committee and former chair of the Intellectual Property Department. Prior to becoming a lawyer, he was a patent examiner in the Biotechnology Group of the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office, and more, URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1549963405000675~~#!, KR Advances in nanomed directly correlate to new medicine innovation and techniquesAl-Ahmady, Ali-Boucetta, 20, , 12/9/20, Zahraa, Hanene, Pharmacology Department, Center for Health, Aging, and Understanding Disease (CHAUD), School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, United Kingdom, School of Pharmacy and Optometry, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom, Nanomedicine, Drug Delivery and Nanotoxicology Laboratory, The School of Pharmacy, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom "Nanomedicine and Nanotoxicology Future Could Be Reshaped Post-COVID-19 Pandemic", Frontiers in Nanotechnology, URL: https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnano.2020.610465/full, KR Nanomed key to prevent massive disease spread and pandemicSingh et.al, 21, "Insights from nanotechnology in COVID-19: prevention, detection, therapy and immunomodulation", Future Medicine, Institute of Life Sciences, Priya Singh, Deepika Singh‡ Pratikshya Sa, Priyanka Mohapatra, Auromira Khuntia and Sanjeeb K Sahoo Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751023, India, Regional Center for Biotechnology, Pali, Haryana, 121001, India (all from the first institute and all in second except for Deppika and Sahoo) URL: https://www.futuremedicine.com/doi/10.2217/nnm-2021-0004, KR | 9/20/21 |
SEPTOCT T - EffectsTournament: Jack Howe | Round: 2 | Opponent: Fremont TK | Judge: Brett Boelkens Interpretation – the plan must directly reduce intellectual property rights for medicineViolation: The plan doesn't reduce an existing IPR but creates a new restriction, e.g. "by limiting drug innovators to one market exclusivity of their choice for their drug"Vote neg for limits: there can be a thousand plans that create new restrictions which result in intellectual property right restriction. There's no way to predict affs if they can tangentially result in ip reduction. Evaluate the plan text in a vacuum—it isn't a reduction of an IPR, so they literally don't defend the resolution which is the only stasis for limits and predictability.Topicality should be a voting issue evaluated through competing interpretations—reasonability invites arbitrary judge intervention that takes the debate out of the hands of the debaters. Pre-round prep has already been skewed which means the only remedy is to drop the debater. | 9/18/21 |
SEPTOCT T - MedicineTournament: Jack Howe | Round: 3 | Opponent: Harvard-Westlake KD | Judge: Benjamin Cortez 1Interpretation – the Aff may not specify a specific medicineMedicines is a generic bare pluralLeslie and Lerner 16 ~Sarah-Jane Leslie (Ph.D., Princeton, 2007) is the dean of the Graduate School and Class of 1943 Professor of Philosophy. She has previously served as the vice dean for faculty development in the Office of the Dean of the Faculty, director of the Program in Linguistics, and founding director of the Program in Cognitive Science at Princeton University. She is also affiliated faculty in the Department of Psychology, the University Center for Human Values, the Program in Gender and Sexuality Studies, and the Kahneman-Treisman Center for Behavioral Science and Public Policy~, and Adam Lerner, Ph.D, Postgraduate Research Associate in the Department of Philosophy at Princeton University, 4-24-2016, accessed 9-4-2021, "Generic Generalizations (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy)," https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/generics/~~ HWIC It applies to this topic – "Member nations ought to reduce IP for covid – therefore, member nations ought to reduce IP for all" is illogical1~ Limits: There's inf medicines they could specify, coupled with various types of countries. Kills neg burdens – it's impossible for me to research every possible combination of the 195 countries and medicines.2~ TVA Solves – just read your aff as an advantage to a whole rez aff. We aren't stopping them from reading new FWs, mechanisms, or advantages. PICs don't solve – it's ridiculous to say that neg potential abuse justifies the aff making it impossible for me to winTopicality should be a voting issue evaluated through competing interpretations—reasonability invites arbitrary judge intervention that takes the debate out of the hands of the debaters. Pre-round prep has already been skewed which means the only remedy is to drop the debater. | 9/19/21 |
Open Source
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1/29/22 | enyagu8@gmailcom |
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1/29/22 | enyagu8@gmailcom |
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9/18/21 | enyagu8@gmailcom |
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9/19/21 | enyagu8@gmailcom |
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9/19/21 | enyagu8@gmailcom |
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9/20/21 | enyagu8@gmailcom |
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