AC Cap NC Cap K and Infrastructure 1AR All 2N Cap K 2AR All
DAMUS
3
Opponent: Marlborough LF | Judge: Serena Lu
AC Cap Aff NC Violent Strikes PIC and Work K AR All NR Work K 2AR All
Durham
2
Opponent: Charlotte Latin ELi | Judge: Caroline Barry
1AC Cap 1N T DA Case 1A All 2N T Case 2A All
Durham
3
Opponent: Los Alamos EG | Judge: Ali Bokhari
1AC Lay Aff 1N Stock 1AR All 2N All 2A All
Durham
5
Opponent: Cary NS | Judge: Jacob Thiak
1AC Trad 1NC Mining Climate Change and Debris 1A All 2N All 2A Climate
Loyola
2
Opponent: St Agnes EH | Judge: Jonah Gentleman
1AC Evergreenin 1NC Cap K 1AR Case and K 2NR K 1AR Case and K
Loyola
4
Opponent: Academy Of Classical Christian Studies JM | Judge: Tom Neville
AC Evergreening NC Shell Benetar Mollow K Case 1AR All 2NC Mollow K 2AR Case and K
Loyola
5
Opponent: McNeil AG | Judge: Tej Gedala
AC Evergreening NC Mental Health PIC Bizcon DA and Case 1AR All and PICs Bad 2NC Mental Health PIC 2AR PICS Bad
Peninsula Invitational
1
Opponent: Village RB | Judge: Lukas Krause
1AC Cap Aff 1NC Set Col K 1AR All 2NR All 2AR All
Peninsula Invitational
3
Opponent: Harvard-Westlake AW | Judge: Jacob Lugo
1AC Cap Aff 1NC Tsunami PIC 1AR All 2N PIC 2AR All
Peninsula Invitational
6
Opponent: Portola NJ | Judge: David McGinnis
1AC Cap Aff 1NC T-Policy and Cap K 1AR All 2NC T 2AR All
Peninsula Invitational
5
Opponent: Peninsula IY | Judge: Eze N
1AC Cap Aff 1NC Space Col and Innovation
TOC
1
Opponent: Immaculate Heart BC | Judge: Victor Chen
1AC MC Plan 1NC JCPOA Xi Starlink US PIC T 1AR All 2NR JCPOA US PIC 2AR All
UK
1
Opponent: Strake Jesuit CM | Judge: Eva Lamberson
AC Evergreening NC Innovation Antitrust Case 1AR All 2NR All 2AR All
UK
4
Opponent: Acton-Boxborough BH | Judge: Immanuel Victor
AC Evergreening NC China Infrastructure Innovation CP 1AR All 2NR China and Innovation 2AR All
UK
5
Opponent: Cary NS | Judge: Ashish Mittal
AC Trad Evergreening NC Innovation developing countries and price controls CP 1AR All 2NR all 2AR All
UK
Octas
Opponent: Carmel CSu | Judge: Claire Chen, Gordon Krauss, and Jenni Buckner
1AC Trad Evergreening 1N Biodiversity DA and Evergreening CP 1AR PICs Bad and all 2NR All 2AR PICs Bad
UNLV
2
Opponent: Marlborough LF | Judge: Jonah
AC Cap NC Solar Panels PIC and Public Trust AR All NR Public Trust 2AR All
UNLV
4
Opponent: Marlborough Lk | Judge: Bennet Fees
1AC Cap Aff 1NC Public Trust CP 1AR All 2NC Public Trust CP 2AR All
UPenn
1
Opponent: Scarsdale SV | Judge: Ian Kim
1AC Stock 1NC Util K and Kant 1AR All 2NR Util K 1AR All
Yale
2
Opponent: Ridge VS | Judge: Jacob Nails
1AC Evergreening V2 1NC Innovation China and Waiver CP 1AR All 2NR All 2AR All
Yale
3
Opponent: Westford AP | Judge: Ildar Khabibrakhmanovk
1AC Trad Evergreening 1NC Generics Innovation COVAX CP COVID Waiver CP Efficacy CP 1AR All 2NR Generics and Innovation 2AR All
To modify or delete round reports, edit the associated round.
Cites
Entry
Date
0 - Contact Info
Tournament: None | Round: Finals | Opponent: None | Judge: None Hi, I'm Ethan Nicoll Pronouns: he/him Your best chance at reaching me is by email at nicollethan03@gmail.com
9/4/21
JanFeb - Cap Aff
Tournament: Durham | Round: 2 | Opponent: Charlotte Latin ELi | Judge: Caroline Barry I affirm the resolution “The appropriation of outer space by private entities is unjust.”
Observation One: The burden of the affirmative is to prove that appropriation of outer space by private entities is unjust. The resolution is a values question asking whether an action is right or wrong, not whether a ban on that action is effective. The aff just has to prove the statement true and the neg just has to prove that it is just.
There is no longer an ‘outside’ to capitalism. The existence of an ‘outside’ noncapitalist market required to realize surplus value is immediately and simultaneously internalized as the surplus value is transformed back into capital. An expansive totalizing economic system settles for nothing but totality – the occupation of all space and the consumption of all things Hardt and Negri 2000 Michael Hardt and Antonio Negri. Empire. Harvard University Press; Pgs. 221-229. Cambridge, Massachusetts. (2000). LG For a large...destroying capitalism itself. Outer space has turned into capital’s new internalized “outside”, a new domain into which it can expand for further exploitation of resources and investment of surplus capital – space development and exploration are mere “spatial fixes” for capitalism to postpone its inevitable internal contradictions: the emptying out of all productive possibility Dickens 10 (Peter, Prof @ Universities of Brighton and Cambridge. “The Humanization of the Cosmos—To What End?”, Nov 01, 2010. Monthly Review, https://monthlyreview.org/2010/11/01/the-humanization-of-the-cosmos-to-what-end/) The Cosmos: Capitalism’s...own cosmic “fixes.” NewSpace actors have already begun their colonization of the cosmos. Asteroid mining, space travel, a beach resort on Mars – all spoils from venture capitalists’ most recent trophy hunt Shammas and Holen 19 Shammas, V.L., Holen, T.B. One giant leap for capitalistkind: private enterprise in outer space. Palgrave Commun 5, 10 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1057/s41599-019-0218-9 Shammas works at Oslo Metropolitan University, Work Research Institute (AFI), Oslo, Norway and Holen is an independent researcher in Oslo No longer terra...War space race.
Defense contractors and space corporations have captured the US congress with massive lobbying to ensure their control of outer space at the expense of social programs – ensures that the wars that plagued the Earth will be exported to the heavens Grossman 21 Grossman, Karl. "Insane U.S. Plan To Spend Billions On Weaponizing Space Makes Defense Contractors Jump For Joy—But Rest Of World Cowers In Horror At Prospect Of New Arms Race Leading To World War III | MR Online". MR Online, 2021, https://mronline.org/2021/09/01/insane-u-s-plan-to-spend-billions-on-weaponizing-space-makes-defense-contractors-jump-for-joy-but-rest-of-world-cowers-in-horror-at-prospect-of-new-arms-race-leading-to-world-war-iii/. Karl Grossman is an author, TV program host and full professor of journalism at the State University of New York/College at Old Westbury. For 30 years, he has hosted the TV interview program Enviro Close-Up with Karl Grossman. He is the author of six books. “Rigged Game in...security.” Profound, indeed!
Financial frenzy will turn to bloodlust, outer space privatization is the most likely cause of armed conflict Dickens and Ormrod 07 Dickens, Peter, and James Ormrod. Cosmic Society. Routeledge, 2007. Peter Dickens is an Affiliated Lecturer in the Faculty of Social and Political Sciences at the University of Cambridge and Visiting Professor of Sociology, University of Essex. James Ormrod is a Lecturer in Sociology at the University of Brighton. These fixes could easily...degree of suspicion.
Space exploration is a smokescreen for unending extraction of Earth’s resources, exhausting the planet past the brink of a livable climate. Inaction on emissions isn’t accidental, the billionaire class is jumping ship to board another Jackson 21 Jackson, Tim. "Billionaire Space Race: The Ultimate Symbol Of Capitalism’S Flawed Obsession With Growth". The Conversation, 2021, https://theconversation.com/billionaire-space-race-the-ultimate-symbol-of-capitalisms-flawed-obsession-with-growth-164511. Tim Jackson is an ecological economist and writer. Since 2016 he has been Director of the Centre for the Understanding of Sustainable Prosperity (CUSP) at the University of Surrey in the UK, where he is also Professor of Sustainable Development. Growth wars Ever...on the blue one.
Framing The Role of the Judge is to be an activist teacher – unite in solidarity and support the fight against capitalism with your ballot Michels 18 Michels, S., 2018. Striking as Pedagogy. online Medium. Available at: https://medium.com/reformermag/striking-as-pedagogy-6afb116693b9 Accessed 3 November 2021. Steven Michels is associate provost and professor of political science at Sacred Heart University, in Fairfield, CT, where he’s been since 2002. We have see...and its tactics.
The Role of the Ballot is to vote for the debater who best deconstructs capitalism – pre-requisite to any debate since capitalism infects education and prevents us from critically engaging with the world Pal 20 Pal, T., 2020. (Mis)education, capitalism and critical consciousness. online Springmag.ca. Available at: https://springmag.ca/miseducation-capitalism-and-critical-consciousness Accessed 3 November 2021. After years of...of capitalist exploitation.
1/15/22
JanFeb - Cap Aff V2
Tournament: UNLV | Round: 2 | Opponent: Marlborough LF | Judge: Jonah I affirm the resolution “The appropriation of outer space by private entities is unjust.”
Observation One: The resolution is a values question which means that the aff’s burden is to prove the statement true and the neg’s burden is to prove it false. The aff does not have to prove solvency but only that appropriation of outer space is unjust.
The resolution lacks and actor and a verb. Forcing the aff to prove solvency is impossible since the resolution doesn’t provide an action to solve or an actor to even engage in that action. Proving solvency would require the tacking on of words which is infinitely regressive and renders the resolution meaningless. 2. This ensures equitable division of ground – aff proves it is unjust and the neg proves its just. Guarantees an equal split of ground and prevents the neg from having access to solvency deficits which gives them an unfair advantage given the aff cannot implement a policy to solve.
Part One: Space Imperialism
There is no longer an ‘outside’ to capitalism. The existence of an ‘outside’ noncapitalist market required to realize surplus value is immediately and simultaneously internalized as the surplus value is transformed back into capital. An expansive totalizing economic system settles for nothing but totality – the occupation of all space and the consumption of all things Hardt and Negri 2000 Michael Hardt and Antonio Negri. Empire. Harvard University Press; Pgs. 221-229. Cambridge, Massachusetts. (2000). LG For a large...destroying capitalism itself. Outer space has turned into capital’s new internalized “outside”, a new domain into which it can expand for further exploitation of resources and investment of surplus capital – space development and exploration are mere “spatial fixes” for capitalism to postpone its inevitable internal contradictions: the emptying out of all productive possibility Dickens 10 (Peter, Prof @ Universities of Brighton and Cambridge. “The Humanization of the Cosmos—To What End?”, Nov 01, 2010. Monthly Review, https://monthlyreview.org/2010/11/01/the-humanization-of-the-cosmos-to-what-end/) The Cosmos: Capitalism’s...own cosmic “fixes.”
Part Two: Impacts of Space
Defense contractors and space corporations have captured the US congress with massive lobbying to ensure their control of outer space at the expense of social programs – ensures that the wars that plagued the Earth will be exported to the heavens Grossman 21 Grossman, Karl. "Insane U.S. Plan To Spend Billions On Weaponizing Space Makes Defense Contractors Jump For Joy—But Rest Of World Cowers In Horror At Prospect Of New Arms Race Leading To World War III | MR Online". MR Online, 2021, https://mronline.org/2021/09/01/insane-u-s-plan-to-spend-billions-on-weaponizing-space-makes-defense-contractors-jump-for-joy-but-rest-of-world-cowers-in-horror-at-prospect-of-new-arms-race-leading-to-world-war-iii/. Karl Grossman is an author, TV program host and full professor of journalism at the State University of New York/College at Old Westbury. For 30 years, he has hosted the TV interview program Enviro Close-Up with Karl Grossman. He is the author of six books. “Rigged Game in...security.” Profound, indeed!
Financial frenzy will turn to bloodlust, outer space privatization is the most likely cause of armed conflict Dickens and Ormrod 07 Dickens, Peter, and James Ormrod. Cosmic Society. Routeledge, 2007. Peter Dickens is an Affiliated Lecturer in the Faculty of Social and Political Sciences at the University of Cambridge and Visiting Professor of Sociology, University of Essex. James Ormrod is a Lecturer in Sociology at the University of Brighton. These fixes could...degree of suspicion.
Outer Space is a limitless void where capitalism can divert resources from climate change and reify earthly inequality Temmen 21 Temmen, Jens. "Why Billionaires In Space Are Not Going To Make The World A Better Place - De Gruyter Conversations". De Gruyter Conversations, 2021, https://blog.degruyter.com/today-space-is-virgin-territory-why-billionaires-in-space-are-not-going-to-make-the-world-a-better-place/. Jens Temmen is an assistant professor for American Literature and Culture at Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf (Germany). Using an ecocritical and posthuman studies lens, his research focuses on narratives of Mars colonization in the North American context. The private space...must come first.
The Earth is barreling towards existential climate change caused by capitalism – we have 4 years Barry 21 Barry, John. "The Latest Terrifying Climate Report: Fiddling While The Planet Burns?". Queen's Policy Engagement, 2021, http://qpol.qub.ac.uk/the-latest-terrifying-climate-report-fiddling-while-the-planet-burns-code-red-for-humanity-or-capitalism-and-carbon/. John Barry is a Professor in the School of History, Anthropology, Philosophy and Politics at Queen's University Belfast. His research interests include: green political theory, politics and political economy of sustainability, greening the economy, environmental and sustainable development policy-making, environmental ethics, transition to a low-carbon/renewable energy economy. The latest Intergovernmental...what about you?
Part Three: Framing The Role of the Ballot is to vote for the debater who best critiques capitalism Renstrom 21 Renstrom, Joelle. "We Shouldn't Invoke Colonialist Language To Justify Missions To The Cosmos - The Wire Science". The Wire Science, 2021, https://science.thewire.in/the-sciences/why-should-we-invoke-colonialist-language-to-justify-missions-to-the-cosmos/. Joelle Renstrom is a science writer who focuses on robots, AI, and space exploration. She teaches at Boston University. Last month, NASA’s...Earth and beyond.
Centering debate on a critique is critical to combat capitalism — educators need to support class analysis McLaren and Farahmandpur ‘7—(P. McLaren, Critical Studies @ Chapman U and UCLA urban schooling prof, R. Farahmandpur, Scatamburlo-D’Annibale, associate professor of Communication – U Windsor, “More Unequal: Aspects of Class in the United States”, 2007, pg. 10-12) kb As the drums...capitalist, socialist society.
2/6/22
JanFeb - Lay Aff
Tournament: Durham | Round: 3 | Opponent: Los Alamos EG | Judge: Ali Bokhari I affirm the resolution “The appropriation of outer space by private entities is unjust.”
Observation One: The burden of the affirmative is to prove that appropriation of outer space by private entities is unjust. The resolution is a values question asking whether an action is right or wrong, not whether a ban on that action is effective. The aff just has to prove the statement true and the neg just has to prove that it is just.
My value is human dignity Human dignity is the pre-requisite to all other values Hill 95 “Autonomy and Self-Respect” Google Books Pg. 102, (1995) Most valuable things...their own sakes.
Capitalism uses workers as a means to an end by using them as instruments and forcing them to generate wealth for the wealthy which violates their human dignity Husami 78 Husami, Ziyad. "Marx On Distributive Justice". Philosophy and Public Affairs, vol 8, no. 1, 1978, pp. pp. 27-64., Accessed 31 Oct 2020. Capitalism, Marx thought...assess its validity.
Since capitalism uses workers as a means to an end this means it is an unjust system. Thus we are morally obligated to move away from capitalism which means my value criterion is deconstructing capitalism.
Contention One: Capitalism Outer space has turned into capital’s new internalized “outside”, a new domain into which it can expand for further exploitation of resources and investment of surplus capital – space development and exploration are mere “spatial fixes” for capitalism to postpone its inevitable internal contradictions: the emptying out of all productive possibility Dickens 10 (Peter, Prof @ Universities of Brighton and Cambridge. “The Humanization of the Cosmos—To What End?”, Nov 01, 2010. Monthly Review, https://monthlyreview.org/2010/11/01/the-humanization-of-the-cosmos-to-what-end/) The Cosmos: Capitalism’s...own cosmic “fixes.” NewSpace actors have already begun their colonization of the cosmos. Asteroid mining, space travel, a beach resort on Mars – all spoils from venture capitalists’ most recent trophy hunt Shammas and Holen 19 Shammas, V.L., Holen, T.B. One giant leap for capitalistkind: private enterprise in outer space. Palgrave Commun 5, 10 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1057/s41599-019-0218-9 Shammas works at Oslo Metropolitan University, Work Research Institute (AFI), Oslo, Norway and Holen is an independent researcher in Oslo No longer terra...War space race.
Defense contractors and space corporations have captured the US congress with massive lobbying to ensure their control of outer space at the expense of social programs – ensures that the wars that plagued the Earth will be exported to the heavens Grossman 21 Grossman, Karl. "Insane U.S. Plan To Spend Billions On Weaponizing Space Makes Defense Contractors Jump For Joy—But Rest Of World Cowers In Horror At Prospect Of New Arms Race Leading To World War III | MR Online". MR Online, 2021, https://mronline.org/2021/09/01/insane-u-s-plan-to-spend-billions-on-weaponizing-space-makes-defense-contractors-jump-for-joy-but-rest-of-world-cowers-in-horror-at-prospect-of-new-arms-race-leading-to-world-war-iii/. Karl Grossman is an author, TV program host and full professor of journalism at the State University of New York/College at Old Westbury. For 30 years, he has hosted the TV interview program Enviro Close-Up with Karl Grossman. He is the author of six books. “Rigged Game in...security.” Profound, indeed!
Financial frenzy will turn to bloodlust, outer space privatization is the most likely cause of armed conflict Dickens and Ormrod 07 Dickens, Peter, and James Ormrod. Cosmic Society. Routeledge, 2007. Peter Dickens is an Affiliated Lecturer in the Faculty of Social and Political Sciences at the University of Cambridge and Visiting Professor of Sociology, University of Essex. James Ormrod is a Lecturer in Sociology at the University of Brighton. These fixes could...degree of suspicion.
Space exploration is a smokescreen for unending extraction of Earth’s resources, exhausting the planet past the brink of a livable climate. Inaction on emissions isn’t accidental, the billionaire class is jumping ship to board another Jackson 21 Jackson, Tim. "Billionaire Space Race: The Ultimate Symbol Of Capitalism’S Flawed Obsession With Growth". The Conversation, 2021, https://theconversation.com/billionaire-space-race-the-ultimate-symbol-of-capitalisms-flawed-obsession-with-growth-164511. Tim Jackson is an ecological economist and writer. Since 2016 he has been Director of the Centre for the Understanding of Sustainable Prosperity (CUSP) at the University of Surrey in the UK, where he is also Professor of Sustainable Development. Growth wars Ever...the blue one.
1/15/22
JanFeb - Megaconstellations
Tournament: TOC | Round: 1 | Opponent: Immaculate Heart BC | Judge: Victor Chen Plan: States ought to ban the appropriation of outer space through mega-constellations by private entities Adv. One: Russia Tensions high between US and Russia – Putin looking for anyway to escalate Knispel 4/19 Knispel, S., 2022. Putin ‘has his back up against the wall’ with Ukraine. online NewsCenter. Available at: https://www.rochester.edu/newscenter/putin-ukraine-russian-invasion-escalation-519902/ Accessed 22 April 2022. Sarah Knispel is a student at the University of Rochester who interviewed Randall Stone who is a political science professor and the chair of the Department of Political Science at the University of Rochester and the director of the University’s Skalny Center for Polish and Central European Studies, is an expert on Russian-US relations, and Eastern and Central Europe. An expert on...wants to run.
Private mega-constellations ensure cascading debris Boley and Byers 21. Aaron Boley is at the Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada and Michael Byers is at the Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada. 5/20/21. Nature, “Satellite mega-constellations create risks in Low Earth Orbit, the atmosphere and on Earth,” https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-021-89909-7
Companies are placing...radiative forcing already30. Competing orbits turn all potential good uses of satellites Samson 1/17 – Victoria Samson is the Washington office director for the Secure World Foundation, an organization that focuses on space sustainability, and she has over 20 years of experience in military space and security issues. Previously, Ms. Samson was a senior analyst for the Center for Defense Information. She also was a senior policy associate at the Coalition to Reduce Nuclear Dangers, a consortium of arms control groups. Earlier, she was a researcher at Riverside Research Institute, where she worked on war-gaming scenarios for the Missile Defense Agency. 1/17/22. Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, “The complicating role of the private sector in space,” DOI: 10.1080/00963402.2021.2014229 At this exact...their own mega-constellation
Debris pushes tensions over edge – risks nuclear war Egeli 21 Sitki Egeli (2021) Space-to-Space Warfare and Proximity Operations: The Impact on Nuclear Command, Control, and Communications and Strategic Stability, Journal for Peace and Nuclear Disarmament, 4:1, 116-140, DOI: 10.1080/25751654.2021.1942681 Sitki Egeli teaches at Turkey’s Izmir University of Economics. He was the foreign relations director of Turkey’s Undersecretariat for Defense Industries from 1991 to 1999, and afterwards served as vice president of Overseas Development Corporation, a multinational consulting firm specializing in the defense and aerospace industries. He holds a doctorate in international relations from Bilkent University and a master’s degree in the same field from the University of Chicago. *NC3 = nuclear command, control, and communication architecture *SSA = space situational awareness Proximity Operations Pitted...of nuclear Sarajevos. US-Russia nuclear conflict the most likely scenario for extinction Farquhar et al., 17 (Sebastian Farquhar, John Halstead , Owen Cotton-Barratt, Stefan Schubert, Haydn Belfield, and Andrew Snyder-Beattie, *DPhil student in Computer Science at the University of Oxford, Head of Applied Research at Founders Pledge, *Research Fellow at the University of Southampton with DPhil in mathematics, researcher at the Social Behaviour and Ethics Lab at Oxford, *Research Associate and Academic Project Manager at the University of Cambridge's Centre for the Study of Existential Risk, Director of Research at the Future of Humanity Institute at University of Oxford, 2017, accessed on 12-2-2020, The Future of Humanity Institute, "Existential Risk: Diplomacy and Governance", https://www.fhi.ox.ac.uk/xrisk-diplomacy/) The bombings of...in the future.
Adv. 2 Ozone Ozone hole healing – new destruction reverses progress Stone 18 Maddie Stone is a science journalist. “Our Best Evidence Yet That Humans Are Fixing the Ozone Hole.” January 5, 2018. https://gizmodo.com/our-best-evidence-yet-that-humans-are-fixing-the-ozone-1821808429 The ozone hole...should be doing.” Ozone Destruction – two warrants
1) Private launch industry decimates the ozone – profit pressures ensure toxic chemicals injected into the stratosphere Ross and Vedda 18 Ross, Martin, and James Vedda. THE POLICY AND SCIENCE OF ROCKET EMISSIONS. The Aerospace Corporation, 2018, http://aerospace.wpengine.netdna-cdn.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/04/RocketEmissions.pdf, Accessed 21 Feb 2022. Dr. Martin Ross is senior project engineer for commercial launch projects. In that capacity, he leads research concerning the effects of space systems on the stratosphere—mainly, the impact of rocket-engine emissions on stratospheric ozone and climate forcing. Dr. James A. Vedda is senior policy analyst in the Center for Space Policy and Strategy...in regulatory engagement.
2) Megaconstellations destroy the ozone Tereza 21 Tereza; June 07, 2021; Bachelor's in Journalism and Master's in Cultural Anthropology from Prague's Charles University, Master's in Science from the International Space University. Space.com, “Air pollution from reentering megaconstellation satellites could cause ozone hole 2.0,” https://www.space.com/starlink-satellite-reentry-ozone-depletion-atmosphere Chemicals released as... Fool Me Twice...a daily basis.
Ozone depletion causes extinction – diseases, biodiversity loss, and food shortages Bestill 16 Michele M. Betsill 16. Professor in Residence and Chair of Political Science department at Colorado State University, Ph.D in Environmental Politics and Policy, “Impacts Of Stratospheric Ozone Depletion” http://www.climate-policy-watcher.org/hydrology/impacts-of-stratospheric-ozone-depletion.html Stratospheric ozone depletion...and ecosystem dynamics (Caldwell et al., 1995; UNEP, 1998).
Biodiversity loss causes extinction – threat multiplier that outweighs on timeframe Torres 16 Phil Torres 4-11-2016 “Biodiversity loss: An existential risk comparable to climate change” thebulletin.org/biodiversity-loss-existential-risk-comparable-climate-change9329 (founder of the X-Risks Institute, an affiliate scholar at the Institute for Ethics and Emerging Technologies) The sixth extinction...prosperity and survival.
Ozone depletion causes mutations that ensures existential pandemics Supriya 21Lakshmi Supriya got her BSc in Industrial Chemistry from IIT Kharagpur (India) and a Ph.D. in Polymer Science and Engineering from Virginia Tech (USA). She has more than a decade of global industry experience working in the USA, Europe, and India. After her Ph.D., she worked as part of the RandD group in diverse industries starting with semiconductor packaging at Intel, Arizona, where she developed a new elastomeric thermal solution, which has now been commercialized and is used in the core i3 and i5 processors. From there she went on to work at two startups, one managing the microfluidics chip manufacturing lab at a biotechnology company and the other developing polymer formulations for oil extraction from oil sands. She also worked at Saint Gobain North America, developing various material solutions for photovoltaics and processing techniques and new applications for fluoropolymers. Most recently, she managed the Indian RandD team of Enthone (now part of MacDermid) developing electroplating technologies for precious metals.) “Humans versus viruses - Can we avoid extinction in near future?” News Medical Life Sciences, 4/19/21, https://www.news-medical.net/news/20210419/Humans-versus-viruses-Can-we-avoid-extinction-in-near-future.aspx Expert argues that...us to extinction.
Framing
The standard is util. Prefer: Death is the worse possible thing since it erases our very existence Paterson 03, Craig Department of Philosophy, Providence College, Rhode Island 2003, “A Life Not Worth Living?”, Studies in Christian Ethics Contrary to those...all human possibility.82
Requires the prevention of extinction which is a pre-req to all other frameworks. GPP 17 Global Priorities Project, Future of Humanity Institute at the University of Oxford, Ministry for Foreign Affairs of Finland 2017, “Existential Risk: Diplomacy and Governance,” Global Priorities Project, https://www.fhi.ox.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/Existential-Risks-2017-01-23.pdf 1.2. THE ETHICS OF...of existential risks.75
Role of the Ballot The role of the ballot is to vote for the most desirable world Nelson 08 Adam F. Nelson, J.D. - Director of Lincoln-Douglas Debate and Mock Trial at The Harker School, San Jose, CA. Towards a Comprehensive Theory of Lincoln-Douglas Debate. 2008. No question of...by LD resolutions.
4/23/22
JanFeb - Stock
Tournament: UPenn | Round: 1 | Opponent: Scarsdale SV | Judge: Ian Kim I affirm the resolution “The appropriation of outer space by private entities is unjust” My value is life Death is the worse possible thing since it erases our very existence Paterson 03, Craig Department of Philosophy, Providence College, Rhode Island 2003, “A Life Not Worth Living?”, Studies in Christian Ethics Contrary to those...all human possibility.
My value criterion is maximizing lives Requires the prevention of extinction which is a pre-req to all other frameworks. GPP 17 Global Priorities Project, Future of Humanity Institute at the University of Oxford, Ministry for Foreign Affairs of Finland 2017, “Existential Risk: Diplomacy and Governance,” Global Priorities Project, https://www.fhi.ox.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/Existential-Risks-2017-01-23.pdf 1.2. THE ETHICS OF EXISTENTIAl...of existential risks.
Contention One: Russia Tensions between US and Russia high – potential invasion of Ukraine and spillover DeYoung et al. 2/5 DeYoung, Karen. "Russia Could Seize Kyiv In Days And Cause 50,000 Civilian Casualties In Ukraine, U.S. Assessments Find". The Washington Post, 2022, https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2022/02/05/ukraine-russia-nato-putin-germany/. Russia is close...quickly be withdrawn.
US-Russia War – Two Warrants Scenario One – Co-op Private space sector decks US-Russia cooperation CSIS 18 (Center for Strategic and International Studies), “Why Human Space Exploration Matters,” August 21, 2018 https://www.csis.org/blogs/post-soviet-post/space-cooperation U.S.-Russian space...engines by 2022.
US-Russia Space co-op prevents militarization of space Posner 21 Posner, Lillian. "The U.S. And Russia Are Parting Ways In Space And That's Risky". The National Interest, 2021, https://nationalinterest.org/feature/us-and-russia-are-parting-ways-space-and-thats-risky-184506. Lillian Posner is a former assistant managing editor at The National Interest. She earned her Master's degree in Eurasian, Russian, and East European Studies from the Walsh School of Foreign Service at Georgetown University. American space partisans...do the same.
Militarization of space causes nuclear war – MAD doesn’t solve Pry 20 Pry, P., 2020. "Have Russia and China already 'Militarized' Space?. online realcleardefense.com. Available at: https://www.realcleardefense.com/articles/2020/07/16/have_russia_and_china_already_militarized_space_115469.html Accessed 6 January 2022. Dr. Peter Vincent Pry is executive director of the Task Force on National and Homeland Security. He served on the Congressional EMP Commission as chief of staff, the Congressional Strategic Posture Commission, the House Armed Services Committee, and the CIA. Those of us...defeat the United States. Scenario Two: Debris Privatization leads to massive increase of debris – makes cascading inevitable Bernat 20 Pawel @ Military University of Aviation. 11/4/20. SAFETY ENGINEERING OF ANTHROPOGENIC OBJECTS, “ORBITAL SATELLITE CONSTELLATIONS AND THE GROWING THREAT OF KESSLER SYNDROME IN THE LOWER EARTH ORBIT,” Volume 4, PDF Justin The second decade...the Kessler syndrome. Debris takes out military satellites and spark war Orwig 16 (Jessica, MS in science and tech journalism from Texas AandM, BS in astronomy and physics from Ohio State) “Russia says a growing problem in space could be enough to spark a war,” Insider,’ January 26, 2016, https://www.businessinsider.com/russia-says-space-junk-could-spark-war-2016-1 NASA has already...the researchers reported.
US-Russia nuclear conflict the most likely scenario for extinction Farquhar et al., 17 (Sebastian Farquhar, John Halstead , Owen Cotton-Barratt, Stefan Schubert, Haydn Belfield, and Andrew Snyder-Beattie, *DPhil student in Computer Science at the University of Oxford, Head of Applied Research at Founders Pledge, *Research Fellow at the University of Southampton with DPhil in mathematics, researcher at the Social Behaviour and Ethics Lab at Oxford, *Research Associate and Academic Project Manager at the University of Cambridge's Centre for the Study of Existential Risk, Director of Research at the Future of Humanity Institute at University of Oxford, 2017, accessed on 12-2-2020, The Future of Humanity Institute, "Existential Risk: Diplomacy and Governance", https://www.fhi.ox.ac.uk/xrisk-diplomacy/) The bombings of...in the future.
Ozone Destruction – two warrants 1) Rockets cause soot and black carbon – massive ozone depletion and exacerbates global warming LiveScience 10 Live Science Staff. “New Climate Change Worry: Space Tourism Soot.” October 22, 2010. https://www.livescience.com/10202-climate-change-worry-space-tourism-soot.html Humans’ attempts to...up to date."
2) Megaconstellations destroy the ozone Tereza 21 Tereza; June 07, 2021; Bachelor's in Journalism and Master's in Cultural Anthropology from Prague's Charles University, Master's in Science from the International Space University. Space.com, “Air pollution from reentering megaconstellation satellites could cause ozone hole 2.0,” https://www.space.com/starlink-satellite-reentry-ozone-depletion-atmosphere Chemicals released as...a daily basis.
Ozone depletion causes extinction – diseases, biodiversity loss, and food shortages Bestill 16 Michele M. Betsill 16. Professor in Residence and Chair of Political Science department at Colorado State University, Ph.D in Environmental Politics and Policy, “Impacts Of Stratospheric Ozone Depletion” http://www.climate-policy-watcher.org/hydrology/impacts-of-stratospheric-ozone-depletion.html Stratospheric ozone depletion...and ecosystem dynamics
Biodiversity loss causes extinction – threat multiplier that outweighs on timeframe Torres 16 Phil Torres 4-11-2016 “Biodiversity loss: An existential risk comparable to climate change” thebulletin.org/biodiversity-loss-existential-risk-comparable-climate-change9329 (founder of the X-Risks Institute, an affiliate scholar at the Institute for Ethics and Emerging Technologies) The sixth extinction...prosperity and survival.
Capitalism is in decline and created conditions where the people it exploits have been made the most vulnerable due to the pandemic, which sets the stage for revolution Ben Tarnoff, a founding editor of Logic. April 7, 2020 “THESE ARE CONDITIONS IN WHICH REVOLUTION BECOMES THINKABLE” Commune Magazine If the swiftness...at least thinkable.
The global protests in 2019 are proof that the widening income inequality gap is leading to the mobilization of workers rights groups Its Going Down, a digital community center from anarchist, anti-fascist, autonomous anti-capitalist and anti-colonial movement, Oct 21 2019, “Austerity On Fire: A Global Guide To Where It’s Going Down” https://itsgoingdown.org/austerity-on-fire/ We are witnessing...for “civil war.”
Capitalism’s innate drive for capital accumulation drives environmental disaster and nuclear warfare – therefore it must be abolished Terry Eagleton, Distinguished Professor of English Literature at Lancaster University October 13, 2011 “Why Marx Was Right” Yale University New Haven, CT, pg. 224-226 The two great...death of us.
Thus, we affirm Resolved: A just government ought to recognize an unconditional right to strike.
The right to strike mobilizes working class movements and is the only way to create radical change By Dirk Hartford. ‘South Africa: what about the working class?’ March 27, 1996 Issue 225. Dirk Hartford is working on social entrepreneurship projects with the NGO sector in the Overberg. In previous incarnations, he was the founding CEO of Gauteng radio station YFM, a journalist and a trade unionist. He was an activist in the ANC for 30 years but faded away from that a decade ago and is feeling much better now thank you. https://www.greenleft.org.au/content/south-africa-what-about-working-class JOHANNESBURG — It was reminiscent...Mail and Guard
Strikes spill-over to broader support of the labor movement and unions – every strike encourages more strikes Hertel-Fernandez et al. 20 Alexander Hertel-Fernandez, associate professor of public affairs at Columbia University, where he studies American political economy, with a focus on the politics of business, labor, wealthy donors, and policy, Suresh Naidu, professor of economics and public affairs at Columbia University, where he researches economic effects of political transitions, the economic history of slavery and labor institutions, international migration, and economic applications of naturallanguage processing, and Adam Reich, associate professor of sociology at Columbia University, where he studies economic and cultural sociology, especially how people make sense of their economic activities and economic positions within organizations, 2020, “Schooled by Strikes? The Effects of Large-Scale Labor Unrest on Mass Attitudes toward the Labor Movement,” American Political Science Association, https://sci-hub.se/https://doi.org/10.1017/S1537592720001279/Kankee Strikes and Labor...the labor movement.
Framing
The Role of the Judge is to be an activist teacher – unite in solidarity and support the fight against capitalism with your ballot Michels 18 Michels, S., 2018. Striking as Pedagogy. online Medium. Available at: https://medium.com/reformermag/striking-as-pedagogy-6afb116693b9 Accessed 3 November 2021. Steven Michels is associate provost and professor of political science at Sacred Heart University, in Fairfield, CT, where he’s been since 2002. W ehave seen...and its tactics. The Role of the Ballot is to vote for the debater who best deconstructs capitalism – pre-requisite to any debate since capitalism infects education and prevents us from critically engaging with the world Pal 20 Pal, T., 2020. (Mis)education, capitalism and critical consciousness. online Springmag.ca. Available at: https://springmag.ca/miseducation-capitalism-and-critical-consciousness Accessed 3 November 2021. After years of...of capitalist exploitation.
11/7/21
SepOCt - Evergreening Trad
Tournament: UK | Round: 5 | Opponent: Cary NS | Judge: Ashish Mittal My Value is human life because death is the worse possible thing since it erases our very existence Paterson 03, Craig Department of Philosophy, Providence College, Rhode Island 2003, “A Life Not Worth Living?”, Studies in Christian Ethics Contrary to those...all human possibility.82
My Value Criterion is maximizing the most lives saved. Requires the prevention of extinction which is a pre-req to all other frameworks. GPP 17 Global Priorities Project, Future of Humanity Institute at the University of Oxford, Ministry for Foreign Affairs of Finland 2017, “Existential Risk: Diplomacy and Governance,” Global Priorities Project, https://www.fhi.ox.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/Existential-Risks-2017-01-23.pdf 1.2. THE ETHICS OF...of existential risks.75
I affirm the resolution: The Member Nations of the World Trade Organization ought to reduce intellectual property protections on medicines. I advocate reducing IP protections on medicines through the implementation of a one and done system for patents in member nations. A one and done approach would end patent walls Feldman 19 Feldman, Robin. "Drug Patent Protection: It's Time For A 'One-And-Done' Approach - STAT." STAT. N.p., 2019. Web. 14 Aug. 2021. Robin Feldman is professor of law and director of the Institute for Innovation Law at UC Hastings College of the Law in San Francisco and author of “Drugs, Money, and Secret Handshakes” In a perfect...just too great.
Con. 1: Infectious Disease Drug prices rising rapidly in the US NASEM 18 National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2018. Making Medicines Affordable: A National Imperative. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. https://doi.org/10.17226/24946. The National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine are private, nonprofit institutions that provide expert advice on some of the most pressing challenges facing the nation and the world. Our work helps shape sound policies, inform public opinion, and advance the pursuit of science, engineering, and medicine. Over many decades we have earned a solid reputation as the nation's premier source of independent, expert advice on scientific, engineering, and medical issues. Although branded medications..must be considered
Drug companies invest more into share buybacks and marketing then RandD NASEM 18 National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2018. Making Medicines Affordable: A National Imperative. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. https://doi.org/10.17226/24946. The National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine are private, nonprofit institutions that provide expert advice on some of the most pressing challenges facing the nation and the world. Our work helps shape sound policies, inform public opinion, and advance the pursuit of science, engineering, and medicine. Over many decades we have earned a solid reputation as the nation's premier source of independent, expert advice on scientific, engineering, and medical issues. As has been...factor of two.
Majority of pharmaceutical resources focused on evergreen drugs – stifling innovation and raising prices Feldman 18 Robin Feldman, May your drug price be evergreen, Journal of Law and the Biosciences, Volume 5, Issue 3, December 2018, Pages 590–647, https://doi.org/10.1093/jlb/lsy022 Robin Feldman is professor of law and director of the Institute for Innovation Law at UC Hastings College of the Law in San Francisco and author of “Drugs, Money, and Secret Handshakes” The study results...a use code.)
IP evergreening causes high prices by squashing generic competition I-Mak 18 https://www.i-mak.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/I-MAK-Overpatented-Overpriced-Report.pdf I-mak.org. N.p., 2018. Web. 15 Aug. 2021. I-MAK (Initiative for Medicines, Access and Knowledge) is a nonprofit that challenges systemic injustice and advocates for health equity in drug development and access. Such filings allow..of patent monopolies
High drug prices cause hospitals to slash services and staffing decreasing quality of care Daly 19 Daly, Rich. "Drug Prices An Increasing Challenge For Hospitals: Survey." hfma. N.p., 2019. Web. 22 Aug. 2021. Rich Daly is a senior writer/editor in HFMA’s Washington, D.C., office. Jan. 15—Most hospitals have...evaluate outpatient spending. Hospital resilience and quality key to combatting pandemics Thobaity and Alshammari 20 Thobaity A, Alshammari F: Nurses on the Frontline against the COVID-19 Pandemic: An Integrative Review. Dubai Med J 2020;3:87-92. doi: 10.1159/000509361Farhan Alshammari is the Dean, College of Nursing University of Hail and Thobaity is the Assistant Professor - Dean - Applied Medical Sciences at Taif University. COVID-19 is considered...the COVID-19 crisis.
High quality healthcare workers necessary to preventing pandemics Madhav et al. 17 Madhav N, Oppenheim B, Gallivan M, et al. Pandemics: Risks, Impacts, and Mitigation. In: Jamison DT, Gelband H, Horton S, et al., editors. Disease Control Priorities: Improving Health and Reducing Poverty. 3rd edition. Washington (DC): The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank; 2017 Nov 27. Chapter 17. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK525302/ doi: 10.1596/978-1-4648-0527-1_ch17 Nita Madhav, Ben Oppenheim, and Mark Gallivan work for Metabiota, San Francisco, California, United States. Preparing for a...epidemics and pandemics.
Future pandemics are inevitable – globalization and climate change IPBES 21 IPBES WORKSHOP ON BIODIVERSITY AND PANDEMICS. IPBES, 2021. Web. 3 Sept. 2021. The Intergovernmental Science Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES) is the intergovernmental body which assesses the state of biodiversity and ecosystem services, in response to requests from Governments, the private sector and civil society. Pandemics represent an...is currently demonstrating.
Disease causes extinction Millett 17, Consultant for the World Health Organization, PhD in International Relations and Affairs, University of Bradford, Andrew Snyder-Beattie, “Existential Risk and Cost-Effective Biosecurity”, Health Security, Vol 15(4), http://online.liebertpub.com/doi/pdfplus/10.1089/hs.2017.0028 Historically, disease events...modified as well.19-2
Independently, Pandemics cause massive economic damage, drives instability, and social tension Madhav et al. 17 Madhav N, Oppenheim B, Gallivan M, et al. Pandemics: Risks, Impacts, and Mitigation. In: Disease Control Priorities: Improving Health and Reducing Poverty. 3rd ed. The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank, Washington (DC); 2017. PMID: 30212163. Nita Madhav, Ben Oppenheim, and Mark Gallivan work for Metabiota, San Francisco, California, United States. Economic Impacts Pandemics...association with Ebola (Siu 2015).
Instability leads to nuclear war Ramberg 16 Ramberg, Bennett. "Nuclear Weapons In Civil War Zones | By Bennett Ramberg - Project Syndicate." Project Syndicate. N.p., 2016. Web. 7 Sept. 2021. Bennett Ramberg, a policy analyst in the US State Department’s Bureau of Politico-Military Affairs under President George H.W. Bush, is the author of Destruction of Nuclear Energy Facilities in War and Nuclear Power Plants as Weapons for the Enemy. LOS ANGELES – The
9/12/21
SepOct - Evergreening V1
Tournament: Loyola | Round: 2 | Opponent: St Agnes EH | Judge: Jonah Gentleman Framework The standard is util. Prefer:
Pleasure and pain are intrinsically valuable Moen 16 Ole Martin Moen, Research Fellow in Philosophy at University of Oslo “An Argument for Hedonism” Journal of Value Inquiry (Springer), 50 (2) 2016: 267–281 SJDI Let us start...matters of value.
2. Death is the worse possible thing since it erases our very existence Paterson 03, Craig Department of Philosophy, Providence College, Rhode Island 2003, “A Life Not Worth Living?”, Studies in Christian Ethics
Contrary to those...all human possibility
3. Requires the prevention of extinction which is a pre-req to all other frameworks. GPP 17 Global Priorities Project, Future of Humanity Institute at the University of Oxford, Ministry for Foreign Affairs of Finland 2017, “Existential Risk: Diplomacy and Governance,” Global Priorities Project, https://www.fhi.ox.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/Existential-Risks-2017-01-23.pdf 1.2. THE ETHICS OF...of existential risks.
Adv. 1: Infectious Disease Drug prices rising rapidly in the US NASEM 18 National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2018. Making Medicines Affordable: A National Imperative. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. https://doi.org/10.17226/24946. The National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine are private, nonprofit institutions that provide expert advice on some of the most pressing challenges facing the nation and the world. Our work helps shape sound policies, inform public opinion, and advance the pursuit of science, engineering, and medicine. Over many decades we have earned a solid reputation as the nation's premier source of independent, expert advice on scientific, engineering, and medical issues. Although branded medications..must be considered
Majority of pharmaceutical resources focused on evergreen drugs – stifling innovation and raising prices Feldman 18 Robin Feldman, May your drug price be evergreen, Journal of Law and the Biosciences, Volume 5, Issue 3, December 2018, Pages 590–647, https://doi.org/10.1093/jlb/lsy022 Robin Feldman is professor of law and director of the Institute for Innovation Law at UC Hastings College of the Law in San Francisco and author of “Drugs, Money, and Secret Handshakes” The study results...a use code.)
IP evergreening causes high prices by squashing generic competition I-Mak 18 https://www.i-mak.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/I-MAK-Overpatented-Overpriced-Report.pdf I-mak.org. N.p., 2018. Web. 15 Aug. 2021. I-MAK (Initiative for Medicines, Access and Knowledge) is a nonprofit that challenges systemic injustice and advocates for health equity in drug development and access. Such filings allow..of patent monopolies
Evergreening leads to high drug prices through lack of generics – insulin proves Amin 18 Amin, Tahir. "Patent Abuse Is Driving Up Drug Prices. Just Look At Lantus - STAT." STAT. N.p., 2018. Web. 25 Aug. 2021. Tahir Amin is the co-founder and co-executive director of I-MAK.org, a global nonprofit organization that works to lower drug prices. A rare point...very own bodies.
High drug prices increase risk of infectious disease – two warrants:
Hospital Resiliency High drug prices cause hospitals to slash services and staffing decreasing quality of care Daly 19 Daly, Rich. "Drug Prices An Increasing Challenge For Hospitals: Survey." hfma. N.p., 2019. Web. 22 Aug. 2021. Rich Daly is a senior writer/editor in HFMA’s Washington, D.C., office. Jan. 15—Most hospitals have...evaluate outpatient spending. Hospital resilience and quality key to combatting pandemics Thobaity and Alshammari 20 Thobaity A, Alshammari F: Nurses on the Frontline against the COVID-19 Pandemic: An Integrative Review. Dubai Med J 2020;3:87-92. doi: 10.1159/000509361Farhan Alshammari is the Dean, College of Nursing University of Hail and Thobaity is the Assistant Professor - Dean - Applied Medical Sciences at Taif University. COVID-19 is considered...the COVID-19 crisis.
2. Decrease in coverage Drug prices result in decrease access to healthcare: coverage gets cut and uninsured gets priced out AAA 18 Prescription Drug Spending In The U.S. Health Care System An Actuarial Perspective. American Academy of Actuaries, 2018. Web. 25 Aug. 2021. The American Academy of Actuaries is a D.C.-based 19,500+ member professional association whose mission is to serve the public and the U.S. actuarial profession. In many situations...higher premium increases.
A decrease in coverage exacerbates infectious diseases and poses a risk to public health East and Marcus 20 East, Chloe, and Michelle Marcus. "Disparities In Access To Health Care During A Pandemic | Econofact." Econofact | Key facts and incisive analysis to the national debate on economic and social policies. N.p., 2020. Web. 29 Aug. 2021. Chloe East is an Assistant Professor. Expertise is in Public Economics, Labor Economics, and Health Economics at the University of Colorado. Michelle Marcus is an Assistant Professor, Department of Economics. Research specializes in health economics, environmental economics, and applied microeconomics at Vanderbilt University. The Issue: The...the COVID-19 pandemic.
Infectious disease serves as a threat multiplier – AIDS crisis proves Brower and Chalk 03 Brower, Jennifer and Peter Chalk, The Global Threat of New and Reemerging Infectious Diseases: Reconciling U.S. National Security and Public Health Policy. Santa Monica, CA: RAND Corporation, 2003. https://www.rand.org/pubs/monograph_reports/MR1602.html. Also available in print form. Jennifer Brower was Co-Director of the Congressionally-mandated Advisory Panel to Assess Domestic Response to Terrorism Involving Weapons of Mass Destruction (the Gilmore Commission). Peter Chalk is a senior analyst at Valens Global and an adjunct political scientist at the RAND Corporation. He is a specialist correspondent for Jane’s Intelligence Review and associate editor of Studies in Conflict and Terrorism, one of the foremost journals in the international security field. Today, the United...of the country.
Thus the Plan: Member states of the World Trade Organization ought to reduce intellectual property protections on medicine by adopting a one and done approach to medical patents.
Solvency
A one and done approach would end patent walls Feldman 19 Feldman, Robin. "Drug Patent Protection: It's Time For A 'One-And-Done' Approach - STAT." STAT. N.p., 2019. Web. 14 Aug. 2021. Robin Feldman is professor of law and director of the Institute for Innovation Law at UC Hastings College of the Law in San Francisco and author of “Drugs, Money, and Secret Handshakes” In a perfect...just too great.
9/4/21
SepOct - Evergreening V2
Tournament: UK | Round: 1 | Opponent: Strake Jesuit CM | Judge: Eva Lamberson Framework The standard is util. Prefer:
Pleasure and pain are intrinsically valuable Moen 16 Ole Martin Moen, Research Fellow in Philosophy at University of Oslo “An Argument for Hedonism” Journal of Value Inquiry (Springer), 50 (2) 2016: 267–281 SJDI Let us start...matters of value. 2. Death is the worse possible thing since it erases our very existence Paterson 03, Craig Department of Philosophy, Providence College, Rhode Island 2003, “A Life Not Worth Living?”, Studies in Christian Ethics
Contrary to those...all human possibility
3. Requires the prevention of extinction which is a pre-req to all other frameworks. GPP 17 Global Priorities Project, Future of Humanity Institute at the University of Oxford, Ministry for Foreign Affairs of Finland 2017, “Existential Risk: Diplomacy and Governance,” Global Priorities Project, https://www.fhi.ox.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/Existential-Risks-2017-01-23.pdf 1.2. THE ETHICS OF...of existential risks.
Adv. 1: Infectious Disease Drug prices rising rapidly in the US NASEM 18 National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2018. Making Medicines Affordable: A National Imperative. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. https://doi.org/10.17226/24946. The National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine are private, nonprofit institutions that provide expert advice on some of the most pressing challenges facing the nation and the world. Our work helps shape sound policies, inform public opinion, and advance the pursuit of science, engineering, and medicine. Over many decades we have earned a solid reputation as the nation's premier source of independent, expert advice on scientific, engineering, and medical issues. Although branded medications..must be considered
Drug companies invest more into share buybacks and marketing then RandD NASEM 18 National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2018. Making Medicines Affordable: A National Imperative. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. https://doi.org/10.17226/24946. The National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine are private, nonprofit institutions that provide expert advice on some of the most pressing challenges facing the nation and the world. Our work helps shape sound policies, inform public opinion, and advance the pursuit of science, engineering, and medicine. Over many decades we have earned a solid reputation as the nation's premier source of independent, expert advice on scientific, engineering, and medical issues. As has been...factor of two.
Majority of pharmaceutical resources focused on evergreen drugs – stifling innovation and raising prices Feldman 18 Robin Feldman, May your drug price be evergreen, Journal of Law and the Biosciences, Volume 5, Issue 3, December 2018, Pages 590–647, https://doi.org/10.1093/jlb/lsy022 Robin Feldman is professor of law and director of the Institute for Innovation Law at UC Hastings College of the Law in San Francisco and author of “Drugs, Money, and Secret Handshakes” The study results...a use code.)
IP evergreening causes high prices by squashing generic competition I-Mak 18 https://www.i-mak.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/I-MAK-Overpatented-Overpriced-Report.pdf I-mak.org. N.p., 2018. Web. 15 Aug. 2021. I-MAK (Initiative for Medicines, Access and Knowledge) is a nonprofit that challenges systemic injustice and advocates for health equity in drug development and access. Such filings allow..of patent monopolies
High drug prices increase risk of infectious disease – two warrants:
Hospital Resiliency High drug prices cause hospitals to slash services and staffing decreasing quality of care Daly 19 Daly, Rich. "Drug Prices An Increasing Challenge For Hospitals: Survey." hfma. N.p., 2019. Web. 22 Aug. 2021. Rich Daly is a senior writer/editor in HFMA’s Washington, D.C., office. Jan. 15—Most hospitals have...evaluate outpatient spending. Hospital resilience and quality key to combatting pandemics Thobaity and Alshammari 20 Thobaity A, Alshammari F: Nurses on the Frontline against the COVID-19 Pandemic: An Integrative Review. Dubai Med J 2020;3:87-92. doi: 10.1159/000509361Farhan Alshammari is the Dean, College of Nursing University of Hail and Thobaity is the Assistant Professor - Dean - Applied Medical Sciences at Taif University. COVID-19 is considered...the COVID-19 crisis.
High quality healthcare workers necessary to preventing pandemics Madhav et al. 17 Madhav N, Oppenheim B, Gallivan M, et al. Pandemics: Risks, Impacts, and Mitigation. In: Jamison DT, Gelband H, Horton S, et al., editors. Disease Control Priorities: Improving Health and Reducing Poverty. 3rd edition. Washington (DC): The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank; 2017 Nov 27. Chapter 17. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK525302/ doi: 10.1596/978-1-4648-0527-1_ch17 Nita Madhav, Ben Oppenheim, and Mark Gallivan work for Metabiota, San Francisco, California, United States. Preparing for a...epidemics and pandemics.
2. Decrease in coverage Drug prices result in decrease access to healthcare: coverage gets cut and uninsured gets priced out AAA 18 Prescription Drug Spending In The U.S. Health Care System An Actuarial Perspective. American Academy of Actuaries, 2018. Web. 25 Aug. 2021. The American Academy of Actuaries is a D.C.-based 19,500+ member professional association whose mission is to serve the public and the U.S. actuarial profession. In many situations...higher premium increases.
A decrease in coverage exacerbates infectious diseases and poses a risk to public health East and Marcus 20 East, Chloe, and Michelle Marcus. "Disparities In Access To Health Care During A Pandemic | Econofact." Econofact | Key facts and incisive analysis to the national debate on economic and social policies. N.p., 2020. Web. 29 Aug. 2021. Chloe East is an Assistant Professor. Expertise is in Public Economics, Labor Economics, and Health Economics at the University of Colorado. Michelle Marcus is an Assistant Professor, Department of Economics. Research specializes in health economics, environmental economics, and applied microeconomics at Vanderbilt University. The Issue: The...the COVID-19 pandemic.
Future pandemics are inevitable – globalization and climate change IPBES 21 IPBES WORKSHOP ON BIODIVERSITY AND PANDEMICS. IPBES, 2021. Web. 3 Sept. 2021. The Intergovernmental Science Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES) is the intergovernmental body which assesses the state of biodiversity and ecosystem services, in response to requests from Governments, the private sector and civil society. Pandemics represent an...is currently demonstrating.
Disease causes extinction Millett 17, Consultant for the World Health Organization, PhD in International Relations and Affairs, University of Bradford, Andrew Snyder-Beattie, “Existential Risk and Cost-Effective Biosecurity”, Health Security, Vol 15(4), http://online.liebertpub.com/doi/pdfplus/10.1089/hs.2017.0028 Historically, disease events...modified as well.19-2
Independently, Pandemics cause massive economic damage, drives instability, and social tension Madhav et al. 17 Madhav N, Oppenheim B, Gallivan M, et al. Pandemics: Risks, Impacts, and Mitigation. In: Disease Control Priorities: Improving Health and Reducing Poverty. 3rd ed. The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank, Washington (DC); 2017. PMID: 30212163. Nita Madhav, Ben Oppenheim, and Mark Gallivan work for Metabiota, San Francisco, California, United States. Economic Impacts Pandemics...association with Ebola (Siu 2015).
Instability leads to nuclear war Ramberg 16 Ramberg, Bennett. "Nuclear Weapons In Civil War Zones | By Bennett Ramberg - Project Syndicate." Project Syndicate. N.p., 2016. Web. 7 Sept. 2021. Bennett Ramberg, a policy analyst in the US State Department’s Bureau of Politico-Military Affairs under President George H.W. Bush, is the author of Destruction of Nuclear Energy Facilities in War and Nuclear Power Plants as Weapons for the Enemy. LOS ANGELES – The
Thus the Plan: Member states of the World Trade Organization ought to reduce intellectual property protections on medicine by adopting a one and done approach to medical patents.
Solvency
A one and done approach would end patent walls Feldman 19 Feldman, Robin. "Drug Patent Protection: It's Time For A 'One-And-Done' Approach - STAT." STAT. N.p., 2019. Web. 14 Aug. 2021. Robin Feldman is professor of law and director of the Institute for Innovation Law at UC Hastings College of the Law in San Francisco and author of “Drugs, Money, and Secret Handshakes” In a perfect...just too great.