Millard North Liu Neg
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| Alta | 1 | Denver East SB | Leah Clark-Villanueva |
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| Alta | 4 | Homestead SL | Diana Alvarez |
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| Alta | 5 | Interlake DB | Heaven Montague |
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| Badgerland | 2 | Iowa City West NW | Azza Elhaj |
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| Badgerland | 5 | Lincoln North Star JH | Kyle Kopf |
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| Badgerland | 6 | Iowa City West JS | Rafael Li |
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| Badgerland | Quarters | Valley RT | Javier Hernandez, Lisa Kahler, Sam Larson |
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| Emory | 2 | Peninsula SM | Jacob Bolsey |
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| Emory | 4 | NSU SF | Tommy Jordan |
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| Emory | 5 | Catonsville AT | Gordon Krauss |
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| Jack Howe | 3 | Solebury LM | Joseph Barquin |
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| Jack Howe | 5 | Diamond Bar NC | Jan Wimmer |
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| Jack Howe | 1 | Loyola LR | Saketh Kotapati |
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| Jack Howe | Doubles | West Ranch SV | Saketh Kotapati, Srinidhi Yerraguntala, Gabriela Gonzalez |
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| Jack Howe | Octas | Marlborough AK | Saketh Kotapati, Gabriela Gonzalez, Neda Baharani |
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| Jack Howe | Quarters | Nashua South EG | Dhruv Channa, Ryan Koh, Sam Larson |
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| Loyola | 2 | Southlake Carroll AS | Danielle Dosch |
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| Loyola | 6 | Immaculate Heart BC | Ben Cortez |
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| Loyola | 4 | Southlake Carroll PK | Cameron Lange |
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| Meadows | 2 | San Mateo YR | Lena Mizrahi |
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| Meadows | 4 | Westlake MR | Passa Pungchai |
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| Meadows | 6 | Harvard Westlake ML | Albert Cardenas |
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| Peninsula | 1 | Immaculate Heart BC | Jack Barber |
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| Peninsula | 4 | Marlborough HL | Nathan Russell |
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| Peninsula | 5 | Immaculate Heart RR | Tarun Ratnasabapathy |
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| TOC | 2 | Harker AR | Viren Abhyanka |
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| TOC | 4 | McNeil AG | Lena Mizrahi |
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| Valley | 1 | Woodrow Wilson SR | Joseph Barquin |
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| Valley | 6 | Strake Jesuit JW | Ben Morbeck |
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| Valley | Doubles | Lexington BF | Sam Anderson, Rohit Lakshman, Tajaih Robinson |
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| Valley | 4 | Princeton JG | Chansey Agler |
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| Tournament | Round | Report |
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| Alta | 1 | Opponent: Denver East SB | Judge: Leah Clark-Villanueva 1AC - US |
| Alta | 4 | Opponent: Homestead SL | Judge: Diana Alvarez 1AC - Beller |
| Alta | 5 | Opponent: Interlake DB | Judge: Heaven Montague 1AC - Wynter |
| Badgerland | 2 | Opponent: Iowa City West NW | Judge: Azza Elhaj 1AC - Libertarianism 4 shells |
| Badgerland | 5 | Opponent: Lincoln North Star JH | Judge: Kyle Kopf 1AC - Munoz |
| Badgerland | 6 | Opponent: Iowa City West JS | Judge: Rafael Li 1AC - Semiocap |
| Badgerland | Quarters | Opponent: Valley RT | Judge: Javier Hernandez, Lisa Kahler, Sam Larson 1AC - Hegel |
| Emory | 2 | Opponent: Peninsula SM | Judge: Jacob Bolsey 1AC - Cosmic Colonialism |
| Emory | 4 | Opponent: NSU SF | Judge: Tommy Jordan 1AC - Kant |
| Emory | 5 | Opponent: Catonsville AT | Judge: Gordon Krauss 1AC - Megaconstellations |
| Jack Howe | 3 | Opponent: Solebury LM | Judge: Joseph Barquin 1AC - Cap |
| Jack Howe | 5 | Opponent: Diamond Bar NC | Judge: Jan Wimmer 1AC - Evergreening |
| Jack Howe | 1 | Opponent: Loyola LR | Judge: Saketh Kotapati 1AC - Covid |
| Jack Howe | Doubles | Opponent: West Ranch SV | Judge: Saketh Kotapati, Srinidhi Yerraguntala, Gabriela Gonzalez 1AC - Covid |
| Jack Howe | Octas | Opponent: Marlborough AK | Judge: Saketh Kotapati, Gabriela Gonzalez, Neda Baharani 1AC - Covid |
| Jack Howe | Quarters | Opponent: Nashua South EG | Judge: Dhruv Channa, Ryan Koh, Sam Larson 1AC - Insulin |
| Loyola | 2 | Opponent: Southlake Carroll AS | Judge: Danielle Dosch 1AC - Vaccines |
| Loyola | 6 | Opponent: Immaculate Heart BC | Judge: Ben Cortez 1AC - Genomic Medicines |
| Loyola | 4 | Opponent: Southlake Carroll PK | Judge: Cameron Lange 1AC - Weed |
| Meadows | 2 | Opponent: San Mateo YR | Judge: Lena Mizrahi 1AC - Evergreening |
| Meadows | 4 | Opponent: Westlake MR | Judge: Passa Pungchai 1AC - Evergreening |
| Meadows | 6 | Opponent: Harvard Westlake ML | Judge: Albert Cardenas 1AC - Covid |
| Peninsula | 1 | Opponent: Immaculate Heart BC | Judge: Jack Barber 1AC - China |
| Peninsula | 4 | Opponent: Marlborough HL | Judge: Nathan Russell 1AC - Global Commons |
| Peninsula | 5 | Opponent: Immaculate Heart RR | Judge: Tarun Ratnasabapathy 1AC - China |
| TOC | 2 | Opponent: Harker AR | Judge: Viren Abhyanka 1AC - Artificial Asteroid Capture |
| TOC | 4 | Opponent: McNeil AG | Judge: Lena Mizrahi 1AC - Militarization |
| Valley | 1 | Opponent: Woodrow Wilson SR | Judge: Joseph Barquin 1AC - Whole res |
| Valley | 6 | Opponent: Strake Jesuit JW | Judge: Ben Morbeck 1AC - Pandemics |
| Valley | Doubles | Opponent: Lexington BF | Judge: Sam Anderson, Rohit Lakshman, Tajaih Robinson 1AC - Covid |
| Valley | 4 | Opponent: Princeton JG | Judge: Chansey Agler 1AC - Disabilitypess |
To modify or delete round reports, edit the associated round.
Cites
| Entry | Date |
|---|---|
0 - Contact infoTournament: All | Round: 1 | Opponent: All | Judge: All Phone: 402-949-2378 Note* | 9/20/21 |
0 - DebateDrillsTournament: All | Round: 1 | Opponent: All | Judge: All | 8/31/21 |
0 - NavigationTournament: All | Round: 1 | Opponent: All | Judge: All | 8/16/21 |
1 - New Affs BadTournament: Loyola | Round: 2 | Opponent: Southlake Carroll AS | Judge: Danielle Dosch Interpretation—the aff must disclose the plan text, framework, and advantage area 30 minutes before the round. To clarify, disclosure can occur on the wiki or over message.Violation—they didn'tVote neg for prep and clash—two internal links—a) neg prep—4 minutes of prep is not enough to put together a coherent 1nc or update generics—30 minutes is necessary to learn a little about the affirmative and piece together what 1nc positions apply and cut and research their applications to the affirmative b) aff quality—plan text disclosure discourages cheap shot affs. If the aff isn't inherent or easily defeated by 20 minutes of research, it should lose—this will answer the 1ar's claim about innovation—with 30 minutes of prep, there's still an incentive to find a new strategic, well justified aff, but no incentive to cut a horrible, incoherent aff that the neg can't check against the broader literature.F is a voter bc its constitutive of debateEd is a voter bc it’s the only portable skill we get from debateNo RVIs1~ Chilling effect – Good theory debaters will get good at RVI debate and bait theory2~ Illogical – you shouldn’t win for being fairCI1~ Arbitrary – reasonability invites judge intervention since we don’t know your bs meter – people set brightlines that allow them to get away with abuse.2~ Collapses – reasonability collapses to competing interps – you justify two brightlines in an offense defense manner like two interpsDropping the debater discourages them from engaging in unfair practices in the future and sets a positive norm. | 9/5/21 |
1 - T FrameworkTournament: Valley | Round: 4 | Opponent: Princeton JG | Judge: Chansey Agler Interpretation: The affirmative should defend the hypothetical implementation of the resolutionResolved means a legislative policyWords and Phrases 64 Words and Phrases Permanent Edition. "Resolved". 1964. ED Ought means obligationMerriam Webster no date https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/ought EE Member means part of a groupMerriam Webster no date https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/member EE Nation means a community with a defined territory and governmentMerriam Webster no date (https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/nation) EE Reduce means to diminishThey violate—they don’t defend member nations of the WTO reducing IP protections for medicines.Standards:1~ Competitive equity – 3 warrants:A~ Ground: they get to pick the topic ex post facto which incentivizes vague argumentation that’s not grounded in a consistent, stable mechanism – they’re playing dodgeball with hand grenades – caselists are concessionary, unpredictable, beaten by perms, and don’t justify their model.B~ Limits: their model has no resolutional bound and creates the possibility for literally an infinite number of 1ACs. Not debating the topic allows someone to specialize in one area of the library for 4 years giving them a huge edge over people who switch research focus ever 2 months. Cutting negs to every possible aff is a commitment even large squads can’t handle, let alone small schools. Counter-interpretations are arbitrary, unpredictable, and don’t solve the world of neg prep because there’s no grounding in the resolutionC~ Engagement – they transform debate into a monologue which means their arguments are presumptively false because they haven’t been subjected to well researched scrutinyD~ Fairness is an impact – ~1~ it’s an intrinsic good – some level of competitive equity is necessary to sustain the activity – if it didn’t exist, then there wouldn’t be value to the game since judges could literally vote whatever way they wanted regardless of the competing arguments made ~2~ probability – your ballot can’t solve their impacts but it can solve mine – debate can’t alter subjectivity, but can rectify skews ~3~ internal link turns every impact – a limited topic promotes in-depth research and engagement which is necessary to access all of their education ~4~ comes before substance – deciding any other argument in this debate cannot be disentangled from our inability to prepare for it – any argument you think they’re winning is a link, not a reason to vote for them, since it’s just as likely that they’re winning it because we weren’t able to effectively prepare to defeat it. This means they don’t get to weigh the aff.2~ Switch-side debate – the reason debate is a unique process is because it demands rigorous testing of advocacy skills through not getting to pick and choose what to defend – it’s the only plausible explanation for the form of the activity – it also solves their offense.B~ topical version of the aff solves – defend that IP is a form of Western control over minorities – getting rid of them is a step to overthrow the state/society - they can still have all their advantages under TVAPrecision o/w – anything else justifies the aff arbitrarily jettisoning words in the resolution at their whim which decks negative ground and preparation because the aff is no longer bounded by the resolution.Drop the debater – they have a 7-6 rebuttal advantage and the 2ar to make args I can’t respond toUse competing interps – a) reasonability invites arbitrary judge intervention since we don’t know your bs meterNo RVIs – illogical – you shouldn’t win for being fair – it’s a litmus test for engaging in substanceNo impact turns to T—T is a procedural that determines case’s validity and every argument says the aff is bad | 11/14/21 |
2 - Cap KTournament: Badgerland | Round: 5 | Opponent: Lincoln North Star JH | Judge: Kyle Kopf Their idea that by hacking the resolution and debate they can challenge capitalist capture is false. Capitalism thrives on that narrative of "escape". Disrupting a logic or social system cannot solve, boring analysis of structures is necessary.Bluhdorn 07 – (May 2007, Ingolfur, PhD, Reader in Politics/Political Sociology, University of Bath, "Self-description, Self-deception, Simulation: A Systems-theoretical Perspective on Contemporary Discourses of Radical Change," Social Movement Studies, Vol. 6, No. 1, 1–20, May 2007, google scholar) AND for the physical expression and experience of the authenticity and reality of the alternative Their model of queer activism through transgression replicates neoliberalism by refusing the promise of collective transformationDrucker 15 ~Peter Drucker (Peter has emerged in the 21st century as a leading Marxist scholar in queer studies. His special contributions concern the roots of 'homonormativity' in neoliberalism, the impact of neoliberal globalization on same-sex sexualities in dependent countries, and links between queer and anti-capitalist resistance. He is also working on a series of studies on gender and sexual dimensions of Islamophobia, in both Europe and the Middle East. Finally, he continues his long-term work on the history of US and European socialism, connecting it to the left's record on feminist and LGBTIQ issues.); 2015; "Warped: Gay Normality and Queer Anti-Capitalism"; https://books.google.com/books?id='ByoBgAAQBAJandpg=PA301 BWSWJ~ AND pitfalls will require seeking new tactics and forms of organising within queer groups. The alternative is to theorize through Marxist Materialism – only collective action focused on a unified front can produce a queer anti-capitalismDrucker 11 ~Peter Drucker; "The Fracturing of LGBT Identities under Neoliberal Capitalism"; Historical Materialism 19.4 (2011) 3–32; http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.1000.69andrep=rep1andtype=pdf BWSWJ~ AND the perversions . . . may well express itself in other forms’.95 Capitalism is the root cause of heteronormativity and a politics that queers socialism provides the best analytical tools to solve itSears 13 ~Alan Sears (Sears is the author of, among other works, "Queer in a Lean World" and "Queer Anti-Capitalism: What's Left of Lesbian and Gay Liberation?" and co-author with James Cairns of The Democratic Imagination) interviewed by Andrew Sernatinger and Tessa Echeverria (Andrew Sernatinger and Tessa Echeverria are socialists based in Madison, Wisconsin. This interview was recorded for their podcast, Black Sheep Radio); November 6, 2013; Queering Socialism: An Interview with Alan Sears; New Politics; http://newpol.org/content/queering-socialism-interview-alan-sears; BWSWJ~ AND to ask about some of your work where you've written about how gender and | 11/13/21 |
2 - HumanismTournament: Alta | Round: 5 | Opponent: Interlake DB | Judge: Heaven Montague We endorse the entire affirmative except for the Gumbs evidence affirmation of "A divestment in being human".Only a commitment to the analytic of the human can avert major existential crises in pursuit of freedom. Multiple internals.Karenga 6 (Professor and Chair Department of Africa Studies at Cal State University and a major figure in the Black Power movement ~Maulana, Philosophy in the African Tradition of Resistance: Issues or Human Freedom and Human Flourishing in Not Only The Master’s Tools, 2006, p. 242-5~ AND reconstruction of this country, and to the forward flow of human history. They can’t read humanism bad because they’ve read a defense of Sylvia Wynter’s scholarship. The ONLY argument they can make is that they divest from STATUS QUO humanism to affirm new humanism. This is also incorrect. The direction we approach humanism by matters. The solution to antiblack and Eurocentric humanism is to delve DEEPER into these first humanisms not divest. Only the PIC does that. That is Wynter’s REAL argument.Scott and Wynter 2000 (Professor emerita in the Department of Spanish and Portuguese and the Department of Afro-American Studies at Stanford University; interviewed by David Scott, Professor of Anthropology at Columbia University ~"The Re-Enchantment of Humanism: An Interview with Sylvia Wynter," Small Axe, Vol. 8, September 2000, p. 119-207, https://trueleappress.files.wordpress.com/2017/10/wynter-the-re-enchantment-of-humanism.pdf~~ AND , is a part of us. We, a part of them. | 12/4/21 |
2 - UndercommonsTournament: Alta | Round: 5 | Opponent: Interlake DB | Judge: Heaven Montague Beginning their politics at a prepersonal critique makes undercommoning ineffective. This is the critique of critique that is necessary to make radical collectivity effective.Moten and Harney, 13 AND from whom the enlightenment-type charade has stolen everything for its game. ====This independently turns their alignment-based politics and the resistance that comes out of it. Merely affirming it is not radical but is motivated by the state to pacify revolutions.==== AND as radical critiques of insti¬tutional belonging would be turned into various institutions’ confirmation. | 12/4/21 |
3 - UtilTournament: Badgerland | Round: 2 | Opponent: Iowa City West NW | Judge: Azza Elhaj The standard is maximizing expected well-being. Our framework is only concerned with minimizing death. Calc indicts don’t link—my framework evaluates offense—police strikes are bad because as far as we know, it would cause suffering.~1~ Death outweighs— ~a~ agents can’t act if they fear for their bodily security—my framework constrains every NC and K and ~b~ it’s the worst form of evilPaterson 3 – Department of Philosophy, Providence College, Rhode Island (Craig, "A Life Not Worth Living?", Studies in Christian Ethics. AND the person, the very source and condition of all human possibility.82 ~2~ Actor spec—governments must use util because they don’t have intentions and are constantly dealing with tradeoffs—outweighs since different agents have different obligations—takes out calc indicts since they are empirically denied.~3~ Only consequentialism explains degrees of wrongness—if I break a promise to meet up for lunch, that is not as bad as breaking a promise to take a dying person to the hospital. Only the consequences of breaking the promise explain why the second one is much worse than the first which is the most intuitive. That outweighs:~A~ Parsimony – metaphysics relies on long chains of questionable claims that make conclusions less likely.~B~ Hijacks – intuitions are inevitable since even every framework must take some unjustified assumption as a starting point.~4~ Use epistemic modesty: ~a~ clash – disincentives debaters going all in for framework meaning we get the ideal balance between normative and applied philosophy ~b~ real world education – in real life people constantly change their minds about credence between frameworks and compare and weigh those harms ~c~ strat – makes skep triggers worthless, that’s bad because they function as necessary but insufficient burdens on the aff~5~ Reject calc indicts and util triggers permissibility arguments:~A~ Theory—they’re functionally NIBs that everyone knows are silly but skew the aff and move the debate away from the topic and actual philosophical debate, killing valuable education~B~ Morally abhorrent – it would say we have no obligation to prevent genocide and that slavery was permissible which is morally abhorrent and makes debate unsafe for minority debaters~6~ Pleasure and pain are intrinsic value and disvalueBlum et al. 18 AND pleasure or even produce the opposite of pleasure— that is disgust and fear ~7~ Naturalism is true and leads to util – ignore non-material circumstances.Papineau 9 Papineau, David, "Naturalism", The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Spring 2009 Edition), Edward N. Zalta (ed.), URL = http://plato.stanford.edu/archives/spr2009/entries/naturalism/. AND it is hard to see how we can have any knowledge of them. ~8~ Extinction outweighsMacAskill 14 ~William, Oxford Philosopher and youngest tenured philosopher in the world, Normative Uncertainty, 2014~ AND with the benefit of keeping one’s options open while one gains new information. | 11/13/21 |
JANFEB - CP - CILTournament: Peninsula | Round: 1 | Opponent: Immaculate Heart BC | Judge: Jack Barber China ought to:—Announce that appropriation of outer space by private actors violates the Outer Space Treaty and that this is a settled matter of customary international law—Announce that this action is taken pursuant to opinio juris (the belief that the action is taken pursuant to a legal obligation) and that non-compliant actors are in violation of international law—Fully comply, not appropriating outer space in a manner inconsistent with these proclamationsSolves the Aff.Fabio Tronchetti 8. Dr. Fabio Tronchetti works as a Co-Director of the Institute of Space Law and Strategy and as a Zhuoyue Associate Professor at Beihang University, "The Non–Appropriation Principle as a Structural Norm of International Law: A New Way of Interpreting Article II of the Outer Space Treaty," Air and Space Law, Volume 33, No 3, 2008, https://kluwerlawonline.com/journalarticle/Air+and+Space+Law/33.3/AILA2008021, RJP, DebateDrills. AND of a special character, namely ‘a structural norm’ of international law. That competes —-1~ Widespread support for OST overhaul means a new treaty is likely—-top military leaders are pushing it.Theresa Hitchens 21. Theresa Hitchens is the Space and Air Force reporter at Breaking Defense. The former Defense News editor was a senior research associate at the University of Maryland’s Center for International and Security Studies at Maryland (CISSM). Before that, she spent six years in Geneva, Switzerland as director of the United Nations Institute for Disarmament Research (UNIDIR). "US Should Push New Space Treaty: Atlantic Council," Breaking Defense, April 12, 2021, https://breakingdefense.com/2021/04/us-should-push-new-space-treaty-atlantic-council/, RJP, DebateDrills AND 193 nations — unless and until something new is there to replace it. 2~ Space law is typically treaty-based—-Russian and Chinese proposals prove.Stephanie Nebehay 8. Reporter, Reuters, "China, Russia to Offer Treaty to Ban Arms in Space," Reuters, January 26, 2008, https://www.reuters.com/article/us-arms-space/china-russia-to-offer-treaty-to-ban-arms-in-space-idUSL2578979020080125, RJP, DebateDrills AND But Washington’s plans have stirred concerns about non-nuclear arms in space. We solve better, since CIL is far superior to treaties for space AND causes follow-on.Koplow, 9 – Professor of Law, Georgetown University Law Center. AND ) edifice of international regulation of ASATs based simply on what countries do. | 1/22/22 |
JANFEB - CP - IndiaTournament: Emory | Round: 2 | Opponent: Peninsula SM | Judge: Jacob Bolsey CP: The appropriation of outer space by private entities is unjust except for private entities registered within The Republic of India.The Republic of India should limit the Indian Space Research Organization’s market share to 7.5Private appropriation for Indian private entities is key for investor confidence.Sen 20 ~Nilanjan Sen, who is an experienced lawyer, specialising in International Law and Arbitration, 07-26-2020,Business Insider,https://www.businessinsider.in/science/space/news/the-fault-in-our-stars-indias-bid-at-privatizing-space/articleshow/77182064.cms, 12-7-2021 amrita~ AND parties will have little to nil returns, far less any substantive protection. Investor confidence is necessary for strong Indian private space-tech—that spills over, boosts Indian military heg, and turns case.Prasad 16 ~Narayan Prasad has a Master of Space and Telecommunications Law, May 2016, National Academy of Legal Studies and Research University of Law Hyderabad, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/305402089'A'POLICY'REVIEW'TOWARDS'THE'DEVELOPMENT'OF'A'SPACE'INDUSTRY'ECOSYSTEM'IN'INDIA/link/578dbd2908ae5c86c9a65d05/download, 12-8-2021 amrita~ AND applications, complementing the societal benefits motivation currently being pursued by the government. China heg is revisionist and offensive— in the Indo-Pacific that causes draw-in.Brands 19 ~Hal Brands is the Henry A. Kissinger Distinguished Professor of Global Affairs at the Johns Hopkins School of Advanced International Studies, a senior fellow at the Center for Strategic and Budgetary Assessments. Zack Cooper is a research fellow at the American Enterprise Institute, an associate at Armitage International, and an adjunct assistant professor at Georgetown University, "After the Responsible Stakeholder, What? Debating America’s China Strategy." Texas National Security Review. Volume 2, Issue 2. February 2019k https://tnsr.org/2019/02/after-the-responsible-stakeholder-what-debating-americas-china-strategy-2/ 12-10-2021 amrita~ AND policymakers have come to see all three of these interests as being imperiled. That goes nuclear— extinction :/Hayes 18 ~Peter John Hayes is the Executive Director of the Nautilus Institute for Security and Sustainability, a non-governmental policy-oriented research and advocacy group. He graduated from the University of Melbourne with a degree in History, and from University of California, Berkeley with a Ph.D. in energy and resources. ~#gobears, Trump and the Interregnum of American Nuclear Hegemony, November 8, 2018. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/25751654.2018.1532525 recut 12-10-2021 amrita~ AND second time, less so, the third time, the new normal. | 1/28/22 |
JANFEB - CP - PCATournament: TOC | Round: 2 | Opponent: Harker AR | Judge: Viren Abhyanka Spacefaring nations shouldestablish a national space policy declaring disputes over international space law and policy should be resolved via compulsory and binding arbitration through the Permanent Court of Arbitration (PCA).submit the restriction of asteroid mining involving artificial asteroid capture for binding arbitration through the PCA pursuant to the Optional Rules for the Arbitration of Disputes Relating to Outer Space Activities.not shirk full compliance with the tribunal’s rulings on matters relating to outer space activities.That establishes compulsory jurisdiction over the plan via the PCA, using the new Optional Space Rules—this is especially beneficial when relating to private agents.Kilgore 18 – Experienced international law and dispute mediation attorney, writing for the trade publication of the Federal Bar Susan Cone Kilgore, Attorney advising clients on international law issues and dispute mediation with the Leeser Law Firm PLLC, Former adjunct professor of law with the University of Houston Law Center, over 30 years of legal experience, primarily in various federal government positions including trying numerous federal cases and serving as Assistant United States Attorney for the Western District of Texas, former General Counsel for a telecommunications provider, former FBA vice president for the Fourth Circuit, Arbitration Rules for Disputes Arising from Outer Space Activity, The Federal Lawyer - Federal Bar Association, March 2018, http://www.fedbar.org/Resources'1/Federal-Lawyer-Magazine/2018/March/Features/Arbitration-Rules-for-Disputes-Arising-from-Outer-Space-Activity.aspx?FT=.pdf recut 2-15-2022 amrita AND actors—and the various sources of law that affect space activities.24 Solves and establishes effective PCA arbitration for space—they’ll agree with the plan, which solves the aff, but allow the effectiveness of PCA arbitration to be established for outer space.Goh 7 – Associate Prof of Law-Nat’l U of Singapore Dr. Gérardine Meishan Goh, Adjunct Associate Professor, Faculty of Law- National University of Singapore, Dispute Settlement in International Space Law: A Multi-Door Courthouse for Outer Space, Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, 2007, book accessible at https://openaccess.leidenuniv.nl/bitstream/handle/1887/11860/Thesis.pdf?sequence=10 recut 12-15-2022 amrita AND the efficacy, relevance and evolution of the framework of international space law. Strong arbitration framework solves war.Sievert and Norris 18 – Professors of International Affairs and Chinese Foreign Policy at the Bush School-Texas AandM Ronald Sievert, Associate Professor of the Practice and Director of the Certificate in Advanced International Affairs Program in the Bush School of Government and Public Service at Texas AandM University, and William Norris, associate professor of Chinese foreign and security policy at the Bush School and former associate focused on US-China escalation risks with the Nuclear Policy Program at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, ed. by Catesby Holmes, Global Affairs Editor—The Conversation, Arbitration as a way out of the North Korean crisis, 2018, https://theconversation.com/arbitration-as-a-way-out-of-the-north-korean-crisis-91899 AND of unpalatable options. It is certainly far better than a disastrous war. | 4/23/22 |
JANFEB - CP - Type CTournament: TOC | Round: 2 | Opponent: Harker AR | Judge: Viren Abhyanka CP: Private entities ought to restrict asteroid mining involving artificial asteroid capture with the exception of C-Type asteroids defined by NASA as one of the three types of asteroids.(https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/asteroids-comets-and-meteors/asteroids/in-depth/) AND the agency is seeking commercial payload delivery services to the Moon.~11~ Mining solves Water ShortagesKean 15 Sam Kean December 2015 "The End of Thirst" https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2015/12/the-end-of-thirst/413176/ (writer based in Washington DC for the Atlantic)Elmer AND down here on the ground, but up among the stars as well. Water Wars cause Sino-India Conflict – goes NuclearKlare 20 — Five College professor emeritus of peace and world security studies, and director of the Five College Program in Peace and World Security Studies (PAWSS), holds a B.A. and M.A. from Columbia University and a Ph.D. from the Graduate School of the Union Institute. (Michael; Published: 2020; "Climate Change, Water Scarcity, and the Potential for Interstate Conflict in South Asia"; Journal of Strategic Security 13, No. 4, Pages 109-122; https://doi.org/10.5038/1944-0472.13.4.1826 Available at: https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/jss/vol13/iss4/8)//CYang AND this scenario a matter of deep concern for security analysts in Washington.39 | 4/23/22 |
JANFEB - DA - CyberTournament: Emory | Round: 5 | Opponent: Catonsville AT | Judge: Gordon Krauss Cyber-attacks on critical infrastructure are coming now.Underwood 20 ~Kimberly Underwood, 6-24-2020, "China is Retooling, and Russia Seeks Harm to Critical Infrastructure," SIGNAL Magazine, https://www.afcea.org/content/china-retooling-and-russia-seeks-harm-critical-infrastructure~~ ~pT~ AND , think about that buying kit and buying operations. That is significant." Mega constellations function as critical infrastructure that increase resiliency and protect against cyberattacks.Hallex and Cottom 20 ~Matthew A. Hallex is a Research Staff Member at the Institute for Defense Analyses. Travis S. Cottom is a Research Associate at the Institute for Defense Analyses. "Proliferated Commercial Satellite Constellations: Implications for National Security." 2020. https://ndupress.ndu.edu/Portals/68/Documents/jfq/jfq-97/jfq-97'20-29'Hallex-Cottom.pdf?ver=2020-03-31-130614-940~~ ~pT~ AND replace systems lost during a conflict in space would be readily available.31 Cyberattacks cause extinction – false warnings, stealing nukes, and introducing vulnerability.Moniz et al. 18 ~Ernest J. Moniz, Sam Nunn, and Des Browne, September 2018, "Nuclear Weapons in the New Cyber Age," https://media.nti.org/documents/Cyber'report'finalsmall.pdf~~ ~pT~ AND in traditionally survivable systems, such as submarines or mobile missile launchers.4 | 1/29/22 |
JANFEB - DA - Mining GoodTournament: Emory | Round: 4 | Opponent: NSU SF | Judge: Tommy Jordan Private companies are set to mine in space – new tech and profit motives make space lucrativeGilbert 21, (Alex Gilbert is a complex systems researcher and PhD student in Space Resources at the Colorado School of Mines, "Mining in Space is Coming"), 4-26-21, Milken Institute Review, https://www.milkenreview.org/articles/mining-in-space-is-coming MNHS NL AND to as much as $1 trillion by 2040 as private investment soars. OST defines appropriation as occupation, use, or any other means – the aff definitely linksMallick and Rajagopalan 19, (Senjuti Mallick graduated from ILS Law College, Pune, in 2016. She was a Law Researcher at the High Court of Delhi from 2016 to 2018 and is currently pursuing LL.M in International Law at The Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy, USA. She has been doing research on Outer Space Law since she was a student at ILS. Presently, she is working on different aspects of Space Law, in particular, Space debris mitigation and removal, and the law of the commons. She has published articles on Space Law in the All India Reporter Law Journal and The Hindu. Dr Rajeswari (Raji) Pillai Rajagopalan is the Director of the Centre for Security, Strategy and Technology (CSST) at the Observer Research Foundation, New Delhi. Dr Rajagopalan was the Technical Advisor to the United Nations Group of Governmental Experts (GGE) on Prevention of Arms Race in Outer Space (PAROS) (July 2018-July 2019). She was also a Non-Resident Indo-Pacific Fellow at the Perth USAsia Centre from April-December 2020. As a senior Asia defence writer for The Diplomat, she writes a weekly column on Asian strategic issues. Dr Rajagopalan joined ORF after a five-year stint at the National Security Council Secretariat (2003-2007), Government of India, where she was an Assistant Director. Prior to joining the NSCS, she was Research Officer at the Institute of Defence Studies and Analyses, New Delhi. She was also a Visiting Professor at the Graduate Institute of International Politics, National Chung Hsing University, Taiwan in 2012, "If Space is the ‘province of mankind’, who owns its resources?"), 1-24-19, Observer Research Foundation, https://www.orfonline.org/research/if-space-is-the-province-of-mankind-who-owns-its-resources-47561/ MNHS NL AND "expansion of opportunities" in the use of these resources.~liii~ Squo private companies are willing to invest, but the plan crosses a perception barrier which destroys investmentShaw 13 - Lauren E, J.D. from Chapman University School of Law, "Asteroids, the New Western Frontier: Applying Principles of the General Mining Law of 1872 to Incentive Asteroid Mining", JOURNAL OF AIR LAW AND COMMERCE, Volume 78, Issue 1, Article 2, https://scholar.smu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1307andcontext=jalc recut MNHS NL AND that hit the Earth after the crust cooled during the planet's formation.' Space mining is the only way to solve climate changeDuran 21, (Paloma Duran is a journalist and industry analyst at Mexico Business News, "Is Space Mining the Best Option to Face Climate Change?"), 11-03-21, Mexico Business News, https://mexicobusiness.news/mining/news/space-mining-best-option-face-climate-change MNHS NL AND Jeff Bezos, Founder of Amazon and the Space Launch Provider Blue Origin. Anthropogenic warming causes extinction —- mitigation efforts now are keyGriffin, 2015 (David, Professor of Philosophy at Claremont, "The climate is ruined. So can civilization even survive?", CNN, 4/14/2015, http://www.cnn.com/2015/01/14/opinion/co2-crisis-griffin/ ) AND the whole world to replace dirty energy with clean as soon as possible. | 1/29/22 |
JANFEB - DA - Mining Good v2Tournament: TOC | Round: 2 | Opponent: Harker AR | Judge: Viren Abhyanka Asteroid mining is an unqualified good – it’s essential to advanced asteroid deflection, deep space travel, and fighting climate changeHeise 18 — Jack Heise (Judicial Law Clerk at U.S. Courts of Appeals), Space, the Final Frontier of Enterprise: Incentivizing Asteroid Mining Under a Revised International Framework, 40 Mich. J. Int'l L. 189 (2018). https://repository.law.umich.edu/mjil/vol40/iss1/5 WJ AND countering climate change—would inure substantially to the benefit of all mankind. ACC key to asteroid miningCovey 11, (stephen covey, "technologies for asteroid capture in earth orbit"), may 2011, NSS, https://space.nss.org/technologies-for-asteroid-capture-into-earth-orbit/** AND asteroid into a stable Earth orbit prevents it from colliding with the Earth. Asteroids have no significance beyond their finite resources – property rights for asteroids are necessary for deep space travel and rare metalsMyers 16 — Ross Myers (J.D. candidate at the University of Oregon Law School.), The Doctrine of Appropriation and Asteroid Mining: Incentivizing the Private Exploration and Development of Outer Space, 2016, Oregon Review of International Law, https://scholarsbank.uoregon.edu/xmlui/bitstream/handle/1794/19850/Meyers.pdf?sequence=1 WJ AND claims by either private or government entities on celestial objects are prohibited.46 Warming causes extinctionYangyang Xu 17, Assistant Professor of Atmospheric Sciences at Texas AandM University; and Veerabhadran Ramanathan, Distinguished Professor of Atmospheric and Climate Sciences at the Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, 9/26/17, "Well below 2 °C: Mitigation strategies for avoiding dangerous to catastrophic climate changes," Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, Vol. 114, No. 39, p. 10315-10323 AND . Fig. 2 displays these three risk categorizations (vertical dashed lines). | 4/23/22 |
JANFEB - DA - ResourcesTournament: Peninsula | Round: 5 | Opponent: Immaculate Heart RR | Judge: Tarun Ratnasabapathy China views resources in space as key to foreign policy iniativesBlair, Yali, 19, 03/2019, "The Space Security Dilemma", Bruce G. Blair is the President of the World Security Institute. He was a project director at the Congressional Office of Technology Assessment and a senior fellow in the Foreign Policy Studies Program at the Brookings Institution from 1987-2000. Mr. Blair is the author of numerous articles and books on security issues including the Logic of Accidental Nuclear War and Global Zero Alert for Nuclear Forces. He is presently completing a new book on U.S. nuclear policy.sChen Yali is the editor-in-chief of Washington Observer. She is also a Program Manager of Chen Shi China Research Group based in Beijing. Chen worked for China Daily as a reporter and opinion writer on politics and international affairs between 1994 and 2000, URL: https://www.globalzero.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/BB'Editors-Notes-Space-Security-Dilemma'2006.pdf, KR AND have led other space-faring nations to choose satellites for this mission. The plan forces China to respond since they can’t pursue resources – that form of militarization creates arms control and escalation crisesBlair, Yali, 19, 03/2019, "The Space Security Dilemma", Bruce G. Blair is the President of the World Security Institute. He was a project director at the Congressional Office of Technology Assessment and a senior fellow in the Foreign Policy Studies Program at the Brookings Institution from 1987-2000. Mr. Blair is the author of numerous articles and books on security issues including the Logic of Accidental Nuclear War and Global Zero Alert for Nuclear Forces. He is presently completing a new book on U.S. nuclear policy.sChen Yali is the editor-in-chief of Washington Observer. She is also a Program Manager of Chen Shi China Research Group based in Beijing. Chen worked for China Daily as a reporter and opinion writer on politics and international affairs between 1994 and 2000, URL: https://www.globalzero.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/BB'Editors-Notes-Space-Security-Dilemma'2006.pdf, KR AND multinational treaty calling for all countries to stop future production of such materials. | 1/23/22 |
JANFEB - DA - RidersTournament: Peninsula | Round: 1 | Opponent: Immaculate Heart BC | Judge: Jack Barber The plan requires clarifying international space law—-causes strategic bargaining to extract concessionsAlexander William Salter 16, Assistant Professor of Economics, Rawls College of Business, Texas Tech University, "SPACE DEBRIS: A LAW AND ECONOMICS ANALYSIS OF THE ORBITAL COMMONS", 19 STAN. TECH. L. REV. 221 (2016), https://law.stanford.edu/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/19-2-2-salter-final'0.pdf AND secure a global response to a global commons problem are potentially quite high. China uses negotiations to push the PPWT—-erodes US space dominance—-Michael Listner 18, JD, Regent University School of Law, the founder and principal of the legal and policy think-tank/consultation firm Space Law and Policy Solutions, Sept 17 2018, "The art of lawfare and the real war in outer space", The Space Review, www.thespacereview.com/article/3571/1 AND hot war from occurring without sacrificing the superiority it possesses in outer space. The PPWT prohibits space-based missile defenseJack M. Beard 16, Associate Professor of Law at the University of Nebraska College of Law, Feb 15 2016, "Soft Law ’s Failure on the Horizon: The International Code of Conduct for Outer Space Activities", University of Pennsylvania Journal of International Law, Vol. 38, No. 2, 2016, https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?referer=andhttpsredir=1andarticle=1086andcontext=spacelaw AND point conceded even by China with respect to its own proposed PPWT).315 Causes rogue state missile threats—-that escalatesPatrick M. Shanahan 19, Acting Secretary of Defense from January to June 2019, previously vice president and general manager of Boeing Missile Defense Systems, Jan 2019, "2019 MISSILE DEFENSE REVIEW", US Department of Defense, https://media.defense.gov/2019/Jan/17/2002080666/-1/-1/1/2019-MISSILE-DEFENSE-REVIEW.PDF AND .S. declaratory policy as re-affirmed in the 2018 NPR. | 1/22/22 |
JANFEB - DA - Riders v2Tournament: Emory | Round: 2 | Opponent: Peninsula SM | Judge: Jacob Bolsey The plan requires clarifying international space law—-causes strategic bargaining to extract concessionsAlexander William Salter 16, Assistant Professor of Economics, Rawls College of Business, Texas Tech University, "SPACE DEBRIS: A LAW AND ECONOMICS ANALYSIS OF THE ORBITAL COMMONS", 19 STAN. TECH. L. REV. 221 (2016), https://law.stanford.edu/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/19-2-2-salter-final'0.pdf AND secure a global response to a global commons problem are potentially quite high. Russia will demand concessions over Ukraine – it’s their top priority and violates Ukraine’s sovereignty.Maynes 1/24 – NPR Moscow correspondent, reporting in Russia for over a decade AND is unlikely, however, that Ukraine will meet the requirements anytime soon. Concessions on sovereignty spark global allied prolif.Gawthorpe 14 – teaching fellow at the Defence Academy of the United Kingdom AND and taken seriously, the result can be a dangerous cycle of escalation. East Asian prolif breaks deterrence and escalates.Cimbala 15 – Stephen J., Distinguished Professor of Political Science at Pennsylvania State University Brandywine, "New Nuclear Disorder: Challenges to Deterrence and Strategy" Ashgate Publishing Ltd AND forestall attack as offensive preparations for attack, thus triggering a mistaken preemption. | 1/28/22 |
JANFEB - DA - Space colTournament: TOC | Round: 4 | Opponent: McNeil AG | Judge: Lena Mizrahi Private sector innovation in the commercial space industry is high now.Smith 18 ~Matthew Smith, 6-11-2018, "Commercialized Space and You," Science in the News, https://sitn.hms.harvard.edu/flash/2018/commercialized-space-and-you/~~//DDPT AND of 2018, the commercialized space industry shows no sign of slowing down. Private space appropriation is uniquely key to ensuring ongoing innovation towards space exploration and colonization.Cheng 20 ~Dean Cheng, 09-16-2020, "Outer Space and Private Property," Heritage Foundation, https://www.heritage.org/space-policy/commentary/outer-space-and-private-property~~//DDPT AND are not sure that they will be able to profit from their investments. Try or die to avoid mass extinction.Becker, Presidential Climate Action Project for Obama, 15 years at the U.S. Department of Energy and a journalism career that began when he was a combat correspondent in Vietnam at age 19, 2/6/2017 AND really fun to go, you’ll have a great time," Musk says. We’ll impact turn space colonization –First, space solves every impact —- only exploration ensures survivalPelton ‘03(Joseph, Dir – Space and Advanced Communications Research Institute – GWU, 9-12, http://www.space.com/news/commentary'top10'030912.html) AND tomorrow. Now is the time to assess our values and our aspirations. Second, global economic collapse is inevitable without private space development.Collins 10 Patrick Collins, professor of economics at Azabu University in Japan, and a Collaborating Researcher with the Institute for Space and Astronautical Science, as well as adviser to a number of companies, Adriano V. Autino is President of the Space Renaissance International; Manager, CEO/CTO, Systems Engineering Consultant / Trainer at Andromeda Systems Engineering LLC; and Supplier of methodological tools and consultancy at Intermarine S.p.A, Acta Astronautica, Volume 66, Issues 11–12, June–July 2010, "What the growth of a space tourism industry could contribute to employment, economic growth, environmental protection, education, culture and world peace", Pages 1553–1562 AND range of policies have been proposed in ~23~ and ~24~. | 4/24/22 |
JANFEB - DA - XiTournament: Peninsula | Round: 5 | Opponent: Immaculate Heart RR | Judge: Tarun Ratnasabapathy Space domination is central to Xi’s vision of China – his leadership and regime depends upon a substantial victory against the United States in the space race.Shepherd and Kygne 21 ~James Kynge is global China editor, based in Hong Kong. He is also editor of ~#techAsia, the leading newsletter on new Asian tech themes that covers the whole region including China, India, south-east Asia and Japan. Christian Shepherd is a former Beijing correspondent.~ "China’s ambitions in space: national pride or taking on the Americans?," May 8th, 2021, https://www.ft.com/content/8a6bb0c0-9a6f-46c0-8438-48984c5e32dc**, VM AND says Mark Hilborne, an expert in defence studies at King’s College London." Reduction of space programs specifically hurts China’s goalFabian ‘19~Christopher David Fabian – written as part of the author’s completion of a Masters in Science (Space Studies) from the University of North Dakota. Fabian holds a BA from the US Air Force Academy and was a Captain in the SPCS - a space control unit tasked with providing 24/7 support to the space sensor network (SSN), maintaining the space catalog and managing United States Strategic Command’s (USSTRATCOM) space situational awareness (SSA) sharing program to United States, foreign government, and commercial entities. The author’s thesis was Chaired and overseen by field expert Dr. Michael S. Dodge. Dodge currently serves as an Assistant Professor and Director of Graduate Studies in the Department of Space Studies at the University of North Dakota. Prior to joining the faculty at UND, Prof. Dodge was Research Counsel and Law Instructor at the University of Mississippi School of Law's program in Air and Space Law. Before teaching at UoM Law, Prof. Dodge received his LL.M. degree in Aviation and Space Law from McGill University in the Fall of 2011 (thesis: "Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) and the GPS-Galileo Agreement"). Before attending McGill, he obtained his J.D. in 2008 from the University of Mississippi School of Law, where he was also the first recipient of the Certificate in Remote Sensing, Air, and Space Law. He obtained dual degrees in B.S. (in Biological Sciences) and B.A. (in Philosophy) in 2005, from the University of Southern Mississippi. – "A Neoclassical Realist’s Analysis Of Sino-U.S. Space Policy" - May 2019 –~#EandF - https://commons.und.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=3456andcontext=theses~~ AND a quick reference comparing U.S. and Chinese space assets. 157 That’s key to strength and legitimacyPerlez 17 ~Jane Perlez and Chris Buckley, 1-24-2017, citing Paul Haenle, Director of the Carnegie-Tsinghua Center for Global Policy in Beijing, also served as China director for the National Security Council under Presidents Bush and Obama, and Minxin Pei, cited above. "Trump Injects High Risk Into Relations With China," New York Times, https://www.nytimes.com/2017/01/24/world/asia/trump-us-china-trade-trans-pacific-partnership.html~~ AND pressure from outside, Chinese officials tend to rally around the top leader." Taiwan warNorris, 17 — Texas AandM Chinese foreign and security policy professor AND with Taiwan, virulent anti-Americanism, and financial collapse and contagion. | 1/23/22 |
JANFEB - K - SetcolTournament: Peninsula | Round: 4 | Opponent: Marlborough HL | Judge: Nathan Russell Settler colonialism is not a one-off event but an ongoing structure of dispossession that requires the elimination of Indigenous life. This is marked by ontological violence reasserted each day of occupation.Tuck and Yang 12 ~Eve Tuck, Unangax, State University of New York at New Paltz K. Wayne Yang University of California, San Diego, Decolonization is not a metaphor, Decolonization: Indigeneity, Education and Society Vol. 1, No. 1, 2012, pp. 1-40 JJ~ AND p. 36). Settler colonialism and its decolonization implicates and unsettles everyone." Discourses of space exploration are inextricably tied to the colonial legacies that created them – space is rendered Terra Nullius; another empty wilderness open to the extension of colonial interests.Smiles 20 – Deondre Smiles is Ojibwe, Black, and settler, and he is a citizen of the Leech Lake Band of Ojibwe, as well as an Assistant Professor in the Department of Geography at the University of Victoria, in B.C., Canada. AND for thousands of years is also action. It also produces evils."183 This is the best card in the debate – Marxism is not a radical anticolonial ideology but rather one rooted in a denial of our responsibilities to land – please read it at the end of the debate because it solos the aff and also talks about space travel.Means 80 – Russell Charles Means was an Oglala Lakota activist for the rights of Native Americans, libertarian political activist, actor, musician, and writer. AND need to be. And I am very comfortable with who I am. Extinction is a psychologically constructed fantasy used to justify the expansion of the settler state and create space for disavowal of the affirmative’s settler colonial origins.Dalley 16 (Hamish, Assistant professor of English at Daemen College) "The deaths of settler colonialism: extinction as a metaphor of decolonization in contemporary settler literature" sam AND stones will lie on, looking at everything like they look now.10 This structure of technologies renders indigenous land and life infinitely fungible, causing genocidal violence on a mass scale.paperson 17 ~la, also K. Wayne Yang, an associate professor of ethnic studies at the University of California, San Diego. "A Third University Is Possible" June 2017~ AND nonhumans. As Cindi Mayweather says, "your freedom’s in a bind." The alternative is to refuse the research project of the affirmative – this is a generative event that creates space for alternative modalities of knowing around outer space and insists upon the interrogation of the epistemological underpinnings of the 1ac.Tuck and Yang 14 – associate professor of critical race and indigenous studies at the Ontario Institute for Studies in Education at the University of Toronto and director of ethnic studies at UC San Diego AND connects our conversation back to desire as a counterlogic to settler colonial knowledge. | 1/23/22 |
JANFEB - T - ExtraTournament: Emory | Round: 5 | Opponent: Catonsville AT | Judge: Gordon Krauss Interp – the aff must only defend that the appropriation of outer space by private entities is unjust.Violation – they’re extra topical – they defend implementing a leasing system regulated by the UN.Vote neg for limits – extra-topicality allows them to tack on infinite planks to artificially improve aff solvency and spike out of DAs, like fiating enforcement or random possible modifications to extraterrestrial property rights. The counter-interp sets a precedent that the scope of aff fiat doesn’t have to be bounded by the resolution, which outweighs on magnitude. No drop the arg – we shouldn’t have to always read T just to get back to what we should’ve been debating to begin with – it incentivizes adding random extra-t planks because there’s no punishment. | 1/29/22 |
JANFEB - T - Must be a policyTournament: Emory | Round: 2 | Opponent: Peninsula SM | Judge: Jacob Bolsey Interpretation – The affirmative must defend the enactment of a hypothetical government action of the resolution.The text of the resolution calls for debate on hypothetical government action: "Resolved" means to enact a policy by law.Words and Phrases ’64 (Words and Phrases; 1964; Permanent Edition) AND ," which is defined by Bouvier as meaning "to establish by law". Government action is necessary to regulate private entities.Blaustein 18 (Blaustein, Richard. "Private-Sector Space Activities Require Government Regulation, Says US Report." Physics World, IOP Publishing, 4 July 2018, physicsworld.com/a/private-sector-space-activities-require-government-regulation-says-us-report/.)DebateDrills AY AND for his firm Blue Origin to send a manned mission to the Moon. Governments have responsibility over non-government (private) entity actions in outer space.UNOOSA (UNOOSA. "United Nations Office for Outer Space Affairs." Outer Space Treaty, UNOOSA, www.unoosa.org/oosa/en/ourwork/spacelaw/treaties/outerspacetreaty.html.)DebateDrillsAY AND international organization and by the States Parties to the Treaty participating in such organization Violation- The actor of the aff is "private entities"Standards-1~ Predictable limits – there are more than 10,000 private companies investing in spaceKeotsier 21 AND orbit cost by almost two orders of magnitude in the past 20 years. That forces the neg to research every company and their specific investments and destroys neg prep bc we can’t predict every single possible combination or company the aff could choose.2~ Policymaking – fiating companies into doing specific actions is utopian fiat, which isn’t realistic, only through a policymaking model can students learn how governments set obligations for companies, which is how the resolution would be implemented.Drop the debater – a) they have a 7-6 rebuttal advantage and the 2ar to make args I can’t respond to, b) it deters future abuse and sets a positive norm.Use competing interps – a) reasonability invites arbitrary judge intervention since we don’t know your bs meter, b) collapses to competing interps – we justify 2 brightlines under an offense defense paradigm just like 2 interps.No RVIs – a) illogical – you shouldn’t win for being fair – it’s a litmus test for engaging in substance, b) norming – I can’t concede the counterinterp if I realize I’m wrong which forces me to argue for bad norms, c) chilling effect – forces you to split your 2AR so you can’t collapse and misconstrue the 2NR, d) topic ed – prevents 1AR blipstorm scripts and allows us to get back to substance after resolving theory | 1/28/22 |
JANFEB - T - NebelTournament: Peninsula | Round: 1 | Opponent: Immaculate Heart BC | Judge: Jack Barber Interpretation – the aff may not defend that the appropriation of outer space by a certain set of private entities is unjust.Entities is a generic bare pluralNebel 20 ~Jake Nebel is an assistant professor of philosophy at the University of Southern California and executive director of Victory Briefs. He writes a lot of this stuff lol – duh.~ "Indefinite Singular Generics in Debate" Victory Briefs, 19 August 2020. no url AG AND This suggests that "a democracy" in the resolution is not existential. It applies to this topic – a~ entities is an existential bare plural bc it has no determiner b~ The sentence "The appropriation of outer space by private entities is unjust" does not imply "the appropriation of outer space by private and public entities is unjust"Violation – they spec Chinese private entitiesStandards1~ Limits – they can spec infinite different entities like spaceX, etc.. - that’s supercharged by the ability to spec combinations of types of entities. This takes out functional limits – it’s impossible for me to research every possible combination of entities, governments, and appropriation.2~ TVA solves – just read your aff as an advantage to a whole rez aff – we don’t stop them from reading new FWs, mechanisms or advantages. PICs aren’t aff offense – a~ it’s ridiculous to say that neg potential abuse justifies the aff being non-T b~ There’s only a small number of pics on this topic c~ PICs incentivize them to write better affs that can generate solvency deficits to PICsDrop the debater bc you can’t drop the arg on their advocacyNo rvis – they can dump on theory in the 1ar, chilling us from checking abuseCompeting interps – reasonability is arbtiary and causes race to the bottom | 1/22/22 |
JANFEB - T - Outer SpaceTournament: Emory | Round: 5 | Opponent: Catonsville AT | Judge: Gordon Krauss Interpretation: Topical affirmatives must defend the appropriation of outer spaceOuter space starts 372 miles above the surface of earth.National Geographic No Date ~National Geographic Society, "Atmosphere," https://www.nationalgeographic.org/encyclopedia/atmosphere/~~ Sachin AND gravity is so small here that molecules of gas escape into outer space. Megaconstellations satelites reach 340 Miles above earth’s surface.Mann 19, ~Adam Mann, 5-24-2019, "Starlink: SpaceX's satellite internet project," Space, https://www.space.com/spacex-starlink-satellites.html~~ Sachin AND a few years so that they don't become space junk once they die. Violation: 340 miles is less than the 372 miles necessary to be considered outer space; they explicitly defend only megaconstellationsVote neg:1~ Limits and ground: the aff interpretation explodes the topic to allow any aff about space generally which structurally alters the neg research burden because there’s a qualitative difference between outer space and the atmosohere. Means we get no ground bc of how unpredictable the AC could be from round to round – kills core neg generics like space col bad and mining that don’t link if you specify a part of space2~ Precision – Justifies the aff arbitrarily doing away with words in the resolution which gives way to affs about anything which obliterates neg prep.Use competing interps - Topicality is a binary question, you can’t be reasonably topical and it invites a race to the bottom of interventionDrop the debater – dropping the argument doesn’t rectify abuse since winning T proves why we don’t have the burden of rejoinder against their aff.No RVIS – it’s your burden to be topical | 1/29/22 |
NOVDEC - CP - EMTTournament: Alta | Round: 1 | Opponent: Denver East SB | Judge: Leah Clark-Villanueva CP Text- The United States should to provide an unconditional right to strike except for Ambulance and Paramedic workersHospitals barely have enough EMTs even though they are given competitive wages and good benefits – means there’s no reason they go on strikeKate Rogers, FEB 1 2019, "The need for EMTs and paramedics is growing, but finding people to fill the jobs isn’t easy," CNBC, https://www.cnbc.com/2019/02/01/the-need-for-paramedics-is-growing-but-strong-labor-market-makes-hiring-hard.html | DD JH AND I can’t imagine doing anything different than what I do," Mailman said. Ambulance strikes in countries lead to increased mortality rates and massively delayed response time.The Times ,3-27-2012, "Pensioner’s death linked to ambulance strike," No Publication, https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/pensioners-death-linked-to-ambulance-strike-m89w3tkcx3t | DD JH AND one quarter. It insists that future strikes must be better dealt with. | 12/3/21 |
NOVDEC - CP - NonviolenceTournament: Alta | Round: 4 | Opponent: Homestead SL | Judge: Diana Alvarez CP: A just government should recognize the right of workers to engage in any nonviolent communicative strikes. The CP solves their relationality and communication offense but impact turns their belief in universal strikes and self-governance. Both independently straight turn the case.Butler 20 Judith Butler, Comparative Literature @ Berkeley, 20, "The force of nonviolence: The ethical in the political." Verso Books, 2020.29-32. AND as defensible, an existence that can appear within the legal frames of powe The net benefit straight turns the case. 1AC Beller says that a focus on the self is the primary internal link towards forclosing new algorithms and empowering existing ones which they didn’t highlight. We read blue.1AC Beller 21 – Jonathan Beller is Adjunct Professor of English, Film Studies, and Women’s Gender and Sexuality Studies at Barnard. AND Perhaps we have only begun to glimpse what a total refusal might achieve | 12/3/21 |
NOVDEC - CP - PoliceTournament: Badgerland | Round: 2 | Opponent: Iowa City West NW | Judge: Azza Elhaj CP Text:1~ A just government ought to recognize an unconditional right of workers except for police officers to strike.- A police officer is a warranted law employee of a police force. "police officer" is a generic term not specifying a particular rank.(wikipedia) 2~ A just government ought to, through the corresponding union body in their society, threaten to remove police unions from the set of member unions unless they: eliminate due-processes protections police have won that prevent accountability from police misconduct through processes outlined in greenhouseOnly the CP can force police unions to changeGreenhouse, 20, The New Yorker, "How Police Unions Enable and Conceal Abuses of Power", Steven Greenhouse is an American labor and workplace journalist and writer. He covered labor for The New York Times for 31 years, 2010 Society of Professional Journalists Deadline Club Award: Beat reporting for newspapers and wire services, for "World of Hurt" with N.R. Kleinfield; 2010 New York Press Club Award: Outstanding enterprise or investigative reporting, for "World of Hurt" with N.R. Kleinfield; 2009 The Hillman Prize for The Big Squeeze: Tough Times for the American WorkerURL: https://www.newyorker.com/news/news-desk/how-police-union-power-helped-increase-abuses, KR AND unions: protecting all workers—in other words, protecting the public. Excessive police union bargaining from strikes destroys accountability for police misconductGreenhouse, 20, The New Yorker, "How Police Unions Enable and Conceal Abuses of Power", Steven Greenhouse is an American labor and workplace journalist and writer. He covered labor for The New York Times for 31 years, 2010 Society of Professional Journalists Deadline Club Award: Beat reporting for newspapers and wire services, for "World of Hurt" with N.R. Kleinfield; 2010 New York Press Club Award: Outstanding enterprise or investigative reporting, for "World of Hurt" with N.R. Kleinfield; 2009 The Hillman Prize for The Big Squeeze: Tough Times for the American WorkerURL: https://www.newyorker.com/news/news-desk/how-police-union-power-helped-increase-abuses, KR AND of Republicans," he said. "That’s given them a big advantage." Police misconduct erodes democracy – only holding them accountable can change the situationBonner, 18, University of Victoria, "Three Ways Police Abuse Affects Democracy", 4/27/18, Michelle Bonner is Professor of Political Science in the Department of Political Science at the University of Victoria. Among other publications, she is the co-editor of Police Abuse in Contemporary Democracies , URL: https://onlineacademiccommunity.uvic.ca/globalsouthpolitics/2018/04/27/three-ways-police-abuse-affects-democracy/, KR AND police abuse and the fuzzy line between democracy and authoritarianism that it represents. ExtinctionKasparov 17 AND having the exceptional courage to always try to be better. Thank you. | 11/13/21 |
NOVDEC - CP - Police v2Tournament: Alta | Round: 4 | Opponent: Homestead SL | Judge: Diana Alvarez CP Text: A just government should to recognize a universal right of workers except for police officers to engage in communicative strikes.- A police officer is a warranted law employee of a police force. "police officer" is a generic term not specifying a particular rank.(wikipedia) Subpoena to testify as well as video footage is the best way to check police misconduct – right to communicative strikes means they don’t have to communicate via testifying or giving courts video footageBabwin 18, (Don Babwin is a staff writer at the Assosciated Press, "Chicago cops reluctantly testify against 1 of their own"), Associated Press, 9-18-18, https://apnews.com/article/police-us-news-ap-top-news-chicago-north-america-847d4519ad3546cb95378f89df74e2ae MNHS NLS AND "We were just trying to be patient," he told the jury. Police misconduct erodes democracy and turns case via police cooption – only holding them accountable can change the situationBonner, 18, University of Victoria, "Three Ways Police Abuse Affects Democracy", 4/27/18, Michelle Bonner is Professor of Political Science in the Department of Political Science at the University of Victoria. Among other publications, she is the co-editor of Police Abuse in Contemporary Democracies , URL: https://onlineacademiccommunity.uvic.ca/globalsouthpolitics/2018/04/27/three-ways-police-abuse-affects-democracy/, KR AND police abuse and the fuzzy line between democracy and authoritarianism that it represents. | 12/3/21 |
NOVDEC - CP - UBITournament: Alta | Round: 1 | Opponent: Denver East SB | Judge: Leah Clark-Villanueva Counterplan text: The United States should implement a $1000 per month universal basic incomeWorstall 15 AND aids in overturning the power imbalances that they see in the current society. | 12/3/21 |
NOVDEC - DA - EconTournament: Alta | Round: 1 | Opponent: Denver East SB | Judge: Leah Clark-Villanueva The stock market is booming despite corona – consumer confidence is soaring.Ziemer 21 ~Colin; New York Stock Exchange; The author may be wrong cuz it was placed under a picture so idk if it was the author or picture creds, if not assume DealBook as the author; "What is going on?" Dealbook | Business and Policy; NYTimes; 8/19/20, Updated 5/7/21; https://www.nytimes.com/2020/08/19/business/dealbook/stock-market-record-high.html~~ Justin|rcmnyl AND Biggs, Walmart’s C.F.O., said on the call. Best data proves union strike victories statistically cause stock market crash.Lee and Mas 12 ~David; Princeton University and National Bureau of Economic Research; Alexandre; Princeton University and National Bureau of Economic Research; "Long-Run Impacts of Unions on Firms: New Evidence from Financial Markets, 1961–1999," The Quarterly Journal Of Economics; February 2012; https://academic.oup.com/qje/article-abstract/127/1/333/1834007?redirectedFrom=fulltext~~ Justin|rcmnyl AND returns for cases where the union won the election by a large margin. Crashes lead to a great depression.Rusoff 21 ~Jane; ThinkAdvisor Contributing Editor specializing in interviews with thought leaders. She has written for The New York Times, The Washington Post, USA Today and Esquire, among numerous other publications. Author/co-author of five books, Jane was a staff editor at London Express Features and Billboard’s Merchandising Magazine; "Harry Dent: ‘Biggest Crash Ever’ Likely by End of June," ThinkAdvisor; 3/10/21; https://www.thinkadvisor.com/2021/03/10/harry-dent-biggest-crash-ever-likely-by-end-of-june/~~ rcmnyl AND economy. They’re already dead. We’ve just keeping them alive with embalming. Econ decline results in nuclear war.Tønnesson 15 ~Tønnesson is a research professor at the Peace Research Institute Oslo (PRIO) in Norway and the leader of the East Asia Peace program at Uppsala University in Sweden.~ "Deterrence, interdependence and Sino–US peace." International Area Studies Review, volume 18, number 3, pgs. 297-311. 2015. AND each other, with a view to obliging Washington or Beijing to intervene. | 12/3/21 |
NOVDEC - T - ATournament: Alta | Round: 1 | Opponent: Denver East SB | Judge: Leah Clark-Villanueva Interp - The letter "A" is an indefinite article that modifies "just government" – the resolution must be proven true in all instances, not one particular instanceCCC Capital Community College ~a nonprofit 501 c-3 organization that supports scholarships, faculty development, and curriculum innovation~, "Articles, Determiners, and Quantifiers", http://grammar.ccc.commnet.edu/grammar/determiners/determiners.htm~~#articles AG AND the former (see beagle sentence) refers to all members of that class Violation – They spec the USStandards:1~ Limits – they can spec 123 different governments - that’s supercharged by the ability to spec combinations of types of strikes. This takes out functional limits – it’s impossible for me to research every possible combination of the 195 countries and worker types – supercharged by the fact THEY DIDN’T SEND THE AFFITUC 20, (International Trade Union Confederation, "World’s Worst Countries for Workers"), ITUC, 2020, https://www.ituc-csi.org/IMG/pdf/ituc'globalrightsindex'2020'en.pdf MNHS NL recut DD AG 2~ TVA solves – just read your aff as an advantage to a whole rez aff – we don’t stop them from reading new FWs, mechanisms or advantages. PICs aren’t aff offense – it’s ridiculous to say that neg potential abuse justifies the aff being non-T | 12/3/21 |
SEPTOCT - CP - Abolish WTOTournament: Jack Howe | Round: 3 | Opponent: Solebury LM | Judge: Joseph Barquin The World Trade Organization ought to be abolished.The following 164 countries listed in the speech doc ought to independently reduce IP for medicinesAfghanistan Albania Angola Antigua and Barbuda Argentina Armenia Australia Austria Bahrain, Kingdom of Bangladesh Barbados Belgium Belize Benin Bolivia, Plurinational State of Botswana Brazil Brunei Darussalam Bulgaria Burkina Faso Burundi Cabo Verde Cambodia Cameroon Canada Central African Republic Chad Chile China Colombia Congo Costa Rica Côte d’Ivoire Croatia Cuba Cyprus Czech Republic Democratic Republic of the Congo Denmark Djibouti Dominica Dominican Republic Ecuador Egypt El Salvador Estonia Eswatini European Union (formerly EC) Fiji Finland France Gabon Gambia Georgia Germany Ghana Greece Grenada Guatemala Guinea Guinea-Bissau Guyana Haiti Honduras Hong Kong, China Hungary Iceland India Indonesia Ireland Israel Italy Jamaica Japan Jordan Kazakhstan Kenya Korea, Republic of Kuwait, the State of Kyrgyz Republic Lao People’s Democratic Republic Latvia Lesotho Liberia Liechtenstein Lithuania Luxembourg Macao, China Madagascar Malawi Malaysia Maldives Mali Malta Mauritania Mauritius Mexico Moldova, Republic of Mongolia Montenegro Morocco Mozambique Myanmar Namibia Nepal Netherlands New Zealand Nicaragua Niger Nigeria North Macedonia Norway Oman Pakistan Panama Papua New Guinea Paraguay Peru Philippines Poland Portugal Qatar Romania Russian Federation Rwanda Saint Kitts and Nevis Saint Lucia Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Samoa Saudi Arabia, Kingdom of Senegal Seychelles Sierra Leone Singapore Slovak Republic Slovenia Solomon Islands South Africa Spain Sri Lanka Suriname Sweden Switzerland Chinese Taipei Tajikistan Tanzania Thailand Togo Tonga Trinidad and Tobago Tunisia Turkey Uganda Ukraine United Arab Emirates United Kingdom United States Uruguay Vanuatu Venezuela, Bolivarian Republic of Viet Nam Yemen Zambia Zimbabwe AND leading institutions, the World Trade Organization. Solves the case—-abolition allows free trade and permits nations govern without the pitfalls of the WTOJosh Hawley 20. Senator from Missouri, JD @ Yale, "The W.T.O. Should Be Abolished," New York Times, May 5, 2020, https://www.nytimes.com/2020/05/05/opinion/hawley-abolish-wto-china.html, RJP, DebateDrills AND a new network of trusted friends and partners to resist Chinese economic imperialism. Counterplan competes —-1~ Normal means—-it’s a TRIPs waiver, which doesn’t make sense if TRIPs and the WTO doesn’t existJames Bacchus 20. Member of the Herbert A. Stiefel Center for Trade Policy Studies, the Distinguished University Professor of Global Affairs and director of the Center for Global Economic and Environmental Opportunity at the University of Central Florida. He was a founding judge and was twice the chairman—the chief judge—of the highest court of world trade, the Appellate Body of the World Trade Organization in Geneva, Switzerland. "An Unnecessary Proposal: A WTO Waiver of Intellectual Property Rights for COVID-19 Vaccines," CATO, December 16, 2020, https://www.cato.org/free-trade-bulletin/unnecessary-proposal-wto-waiver-intellectual-property-rights-covid-19-vaccines, RJP, DebateDrills AND the WTO needs is another debate over perceived trade obstacles to public health. 2~ "Member" is defined as part of a group—-the counterplan abolishes the broader groupMerriam Webster n.d. "Member," https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/member, RJP, DebateDrills
3~ "Member of" means "to be contained in" "to be included in" and "be part of" —- none of those are possible if the broader group is gone.Allows rampant Chinese tech theft and enrichmentJosh Hawley 20. Senator from Missouri, JD @ Yale, "The W.T.O. Should Be Abolished," New York Times, May 5, 2020, https://www.nytimes.com/2020/05/05/opinion/hawley-abolish-wto-china.html, RJP, DebateDrills AND up the American worker. And that means reforming the global economic system. Specifically, the WTO permits Chinese tech theft.Stephen Ezell 21. Vice President, Global Innovation Policy, Information Technology and Innovation Foundation, "False Promises II: The Continuing Gap Between China’s WTO Commitments and Its Practices," ITIF, July 26, 2021, https://itif.org/publications/2021/07/26/false-promises-ii-continuing-gap-between-chinas-wto-commitments-and-its, RJP, DebateDrills AND a wide range of its WTO commitments over the past two decades.2 Their method doesn’t solve tech stealing –A~ even in a world w every country is communist – there are still disputes between countries, tech theft happens for strategic benefits and warfare | 9/20/21 |
SEPTOCT - CP - BuyoutTournament: Meadows | Round: 6 | Opponent: Harvard Westlake ML | Judge: Albert Cardenas CP Text: The United States should buy out COVID-19 vaccine patents and release them into the public domainIt’s goldilocks – Buyout increases innovation incentives and solves case but betterWatney 6-15, (Caleb Watney is the Director of Innovation Policy at PPI, "A Marshall Plan to Solve the Global Vaccine Shortfall"), Future, 6-15-21, https://future.a16z.com/marshall-plan-to-solve-global-vaccine-shortfall/** MNHS NL AND to throw at the problem, given fewer opportunities to recoup their costs. | 11/1/21 |
SEPTOCT - CP - ManufacturingTournament: Jack Howe | Round: Doubles | Opponent: West Ranch SV | Judge: Saketh Kotapati, Srinidhi Yerraguntala, Gabriela Gonzalez CP text: The World Trade Organization should increase distribution of vaccine manufacturing capacityExpanding vaccine accessibility is necessary for global vaccine equity and distribution— the aff doesn’t solve since manufacturing capacity is the root cause, not distribution or IPZaidi 7/28 Anita Zaidi, President, Gender Equality and Director, Vaccine Development and Surveillance, and Director, EDD, Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, 7-28-2021, "Geographically Distributed Manufacturing Capacity Is Needed For Improved Global Health Security," Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, https://www.gatesfoundation.org/ideas/articles/covid19-vaccine-geographic-distribution, accessed 8/8/2021 EH AND gap in public health and protect every child on Earth from preventable diseases. Weakened IP does nothing for COVID vaccines—infrastructure keyOsenga 21 Kristen Osenga ~Kristen Osenga is the Austin E. Owen Research Scholar and Professor of Law at the University of Richmond School of Law.~, 5-28-2021, "The Biden Administration's IP Waiver Is a Huge Mistake," RealClearMarkets, https://www.realclearmarkets.com/articles/2021/05/28/the'biden'administrations'ip'waiver'is'a'huge'mistake'778895.html, accessed 7/23/2021 EH AND on helping unvaccinated countries get more shots in arms as quickly as possible. | 9/20/21 |
SEPTOCT - CP - Single PayerTournament: Jack Howe | Round: 5 | Opponent: Diamond Bar NC | Judge: Jan Wimmer Text – States ought to individually domestically establish single-payer national health insurance.====Single payer solves evergreening and increasing innovation==== AND . Medicare for All would usher in a new era of medical innovation. | 9/20/21 |
SEPTOCT - CP - TradeTournament: Loyola | Round: 2 | Opponent: Southlake Carroll AS | Judge: Danielle Dosch CP Text: The World Trade Organization should decrease tariffs and export restrictionsExports are necessary for access to vaccinesPeters and Prabhakar 6-11 Ralf Peters is the chief of UNCTAD's trade information section. Divya Praghakar is a trade and development policy specialist working in the same section. , 6-11-2021, "Export restrictions do not help fight COVID-19," Unctad, https://unctad.org/news/export-restrictions-do-not-help-fight-covid-19, accessed 8/20/2021 EH AND of the world, derailing the entire vaccine production and distribution effort, as Waivers do nothing—exports solveMeyer 21 David Meyer, 6-18-2021, "The WTO’s survival hinges on the COVID-19 vaccine patent debate, waiver advocates warn – Fortune," Fortune, https://fortune.com/2021/06/18/wto-covid-vaccines-patents-waiver-south-africa-trips/amp/, accessed 7/18/2021 EH AND as a way for them to voluntarily help other manufacturers join the effort. | 9/5/21 |
SEPTOCT - DA - BiotechTournament: Jack Howe | Round: 5 | Opponent: Diamond Bar NC | Judge: Jan Wimmer Economy’s recovering now – Delta and inflation are challenges but surmountableSully 8/19 - Evan Sully, 8/19/21, Reuters, U.S. leading indicator points to further economic recovery in July, https://www.reuters.com/world/us/us-leading-indicator-points-further-economic-recovery-july-2021-08-19/ WJ AND ," said Mahir Rasheed, U.S. economist at Oxford Economics. Biotech is resilient and fundamentals are strong – but this trend relies on innovation and investmentCancherini et al 21 — Laura Cancherini is a consultant in McKinsey’s Brussels office; Joseph Lydon is an associate partner in the Zurich office, where Jorge Santos da Silva is a senior partner and Alexandra Zemp is a partner, McKinsey, What’s ahead for biotech: Another wave or low tide?, April 30, 2021, https://www.mckinsey.com/industries/pharmaceuticals-and-medical-products/our-insights/whats-ahead-for-biotech-another-wave-or-low-tide WJ AND andA, the prospects for further financing and deal making look promising. Pharma collapses without strong IP protectionsBuckland 17 - Danny Buckland (award-winning journalist who writes about health, general features and news, shortlisted for the prestigious Mind Media Awards for his work covering mental health issues), April 26, 2017, "Patents are lifeblood of pharmas", https://www.raconteur.net/legal/intellectual-property/patents-are-lifeblood-of-pharmas/ WJ AND and innovation. Quite frankly, it would all collapse without good IP." Biopharmaceutical research is the bedrock of our economy – even minor reductions in income result in mass unemployment and butterfly effectsSullivan 11 – Thomas Sullivan (Thomas Sullivan is Editor of Policy and Medicine, President of Rockpointe Corporation, founded in 1995 to provide continuing medical education to healthcare professionals around the world. Prior to founding Rockpointe, Thomas worked as a political consultant), July 12, 2011, Study Shows Importance of Biopharmaceutical Jobs For US Economy," Policy and Medicine, http://www.policymed.com/2011/07/study-shows-importance-of-biopharmaceutical-jobs-for-us-economy-for-every-20-billion-loss-in-revenue.html WJ AND the biopharmaceutical sector is a key foundation of the life sciences innovation ecosystem. ExtinctionTønnesson 15 Stein Research Professor, Peace Research Institute Oslo; Leader of East Asia Peace program, Uppsala University, 2015, "Deterrence, interdependence and Sino–US peace," International Area Studies Review, Vol. 18, No. 3, p. 297-311 AND each other, with a view to obliging Washington or Beijing to intervene. | 9/20/21 |
SEPTOCT - DA - MidtermsTournament: Loyola | Round: 2 | Opponent: Southlake Carroll AS | Judge: Danielle Dosch Midterms are super close but Dems are using Republican abortion bills to rally voters to the polls and tip them in their favorGodfrey 9-3 ~Elaine Godfrey "Is This How Democrats Break Their Midterm Curse?" Published: The Atlantic, September 3, 2021~ ~https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2021/09/texas-abortion-law-means-midterms/619966/~~ ~Godfrey: Staff writer at the Atlantic, covering politics. Iowa State University B.S. in Journalism and Mass Communication, Minor in Political Science.~ || SM AND rage-inducing piece of content for Democratic small-dollar donor fundraisers." The aff is massively unpopular – majority of voters oppose the aff – regardless of political affiliationSchulte 5-4 ~Gabriela Schulte, 5-4-2021, "Poll: Majority oppose proposal to temporarily waive intellectual property rights on COVID-19 vaccines" The Hill, Accessed 8-11-2021, https://thehill.com/hilltv/what-americas-thinking/551797-poll-majority-oppose-proposal-to-temporarily-waive-intellectual ww AND . It has a margin of error of 3.2 percentage points. Midterm success k2 long term climate initiativesPiotrowski et al 20 ~Matt Piotrowski and Emma McMahon and Joshua McBee and Kyle Saukas, 12-14-2020, "Biden’s Climate Path Through the 2022 Midterms" Climate Advisers, https://climateadvisers.org/blogs/bidens-climate-path-up-to-the-2022-midterms/ ww AND , further frustrating Biden and future Democrats’ efforts to pursue ambitious climate legislation. Extinction.Kareiva 18 ~Peter,Ph.D. in ecology and applied mathematics from Cornell University, director of the Institute of the Environment and Sustainability at UCLA, Pritzker Distinguished Professor in Environment and Sustainability at UCLA, et al., September 2018, "Existential risk due to ecosystem collapse: Nature strikes back," Futures, Vol. 102, p. 39-50 AND /16822180/thomas-fire-california-largest-wildfire). = | 9/5/21 |
SEPTOCT - DA - Midterms v2Tournament: Jack Howe | Round: 3 | Opponent: Solebury LM | Judge: Joseph Barquin Dems win the Senate now, but it’s close—-it determines the Biden presidency.Shane Goldmacher 7/17. Reporter, New York Times, "Democrats See Edge in Early Senate Map as Trump Casts Big Shadow," The New York Times, July 17, 2021, https://www.nytimes.com/2021/07/17/us/politics/midterm-elections.html, RJP, DebateDrills. AND through President Biden’s expansive agenda on the economy, the pandemic and infrastructure. The plan is unpopular—-it’s seen as soft on China.Cynthia Hicks 21. Director of Public Affairs at PhRMA focusing on polling and opinion research that supports advocacy communications and strategy. "New polling shows Americans are sounding the alarm on the TRIPS IP waiver," PhRMA, May 14, 2021, https://catalyst.phrma.org/new-polling-shows-americans-are-sounding-the-alarm-on-the-trips-ip-waiver, RJP, DebateDrills AND – expressed by more than six in ten voters – include the following: China is the key for the midterms—-Senate control hinges on it.Sarah Mucha 21. Politics reporter at Axios, covering the Biden administration and Congress. "Parties pounce on China as midterm issue," Axios, June 23, 2021, https://www.axios.com/democrat-republicans-china-2022-midterms-6c242c54-b51b-444e-b9b2-65ff0afb906a.html, RJP, DebateDrills AND by (President) Xi (Jinping) and the Chinese Communist Party. GOP control of the Senate will be used to usher in a new wave of Trumpism, crushing democracy.Morton Kondracke 21. Retired executive editor of Roll Call, a former "McLaughlin Group" and Fox News commentator and co-author, with Fred Barnes, of Jack Kemp: The Bleeding Heart Conservative Who Changed America. "Why Democrats Must Retain Control of Congress in 2022," RealClearPolitics, August 4, 2021, https://www.realclearpolitics.com/articles/2021/08/04/why'democrats'must'retain'control'of'congress'in'2022'146189.html, RJP, DebateDrills AND for election results and the rule of law would again be in peril. ExtinctionKasparov 17 AND having the exceptional courage to always try to be better. Thank you. | 9/20/21 |
SEPTOCT - DA - Xi LashoutTournament: Meadows | Round: 6 | Opponent: Harvard Westlake ML | Judge: Albert Cardenas Xi’s regime is stable right now, but that can quickly change – a setback puts his power in dangerRoberts 4-14, (Dexter Tiff Roberts is a senior fellow in the Asia Security Initiative. He previously was China Bureau Chief at Bloomberg News. "How much support does the Chinese Communist Party really have?"), Atlantic Council, 4-14-21, https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/blogs/new-atlanticist/how-much-support-does-the-chinese-communist-party-really-have/** MNHS NL AND growth with overwrought propaganda—will continue to present them with daunting challenges. Strong IPR key to long term Xi strat and national security – he’s willing to fight if threatenedHo 2-2 ~Matt Ho "Chinese President Xi Jinping says intellectual property protection is key part of country’s development plans" Published: South China Morning Post, February 2, 2021~ ~https://www.scmp.com/news/china/politics/article/3120118/chinese-president-xi-jinping-says-intellectual-property?module=perpetual'scrollandpgtype=articleandcampaign=3120118~~ ~Ho: Matt Ho has covered the dynamics of China’s changes for the Post since 2010. Before joining the Post, he was deputy Beijing bureau chief for Hong Kong Commercial Radio and a Hong Kong government international trade specialist.~ MNHS NL || cut SM AND also key to safeguarding China’s national security and home-grown core technologies. A threatened CCP starts multiple regional conflicts – SCS, Japan, US, and TaiwanJ. Michael Cole 14. Senior fellow with the University of Nottingham’s China Policy Institute, associate researcher at the French Center for Research on Contemporary China, senior officer of the Thinking Taiwan Foundation, and former analyst at the Canadian Security Intelligence Service with a Master’s Degree in War Studies from the Royal Military College of Canada, "Where Would Beijing Use External Distractions?" The Diplomat, July 10, 2014, http://thediplomat.com/2014/07/where-would-beijing-use-external-distractions/ recut MNHS NL AND low chances of success, Options 4 and 5 are extremely poor choices. | 11/1/21 |
SEPTOCT - K - PsychoanalysisTournament: Loyola | Round: 2 | Opponent: Southlake Carroll AS | Judge: Danielle Dosch The subject is alienated in the process of communicating – The constitutive gap from articulation creates the lack which subjects are constantly attempting to fulfill – Thus, the ROB is to investigate libidinal investmentsMcGowan 13 Todd McGowan, 2013, "Enjoying What We Don’t Have: The Political Project of Psychoanalysis," University of Nebraska Press/Lincoln and London, SJBE recut MNHS NL AND also experience our distance from the authority and our radical freedom as subjects. The 1AC refuses to recognize the impossibility of the real. IPR and FTAs are purely symbolic, but the 1AC claims that they are real constructs. Their refusal to recognize the ontology of FTA and IPRs sustains hope that the real can be returned too – the K controls the root cause of identity formation.Owen PhD 16 ~Thomas Owen "Lacan, Laclau, and the Impossibility of Free Trade" Published: Medianz, Vol 16, No 2, 2016~ ~https://doi.org/10.11157/medianz-vol17iss2id207~~ ~Owen: PhD Massey University. Auckland University of Technology School of Communication. Lectured for Victoria University of Wellington’s Media Studies Program and Massey University School of Communication, Journalism, and Marketing.~ MNHS NL cut || SM AND been done reveals the un-fixity and ‘impossibility’ of identity formation. The telos of the 1AC is external recognition via demands. Such demands can never be fulfilled – the more they demand the less they receive – the affirmative is left addicted and trapped in a paradox that causes frustration and guilt.Lundberg 12 Dr. Christian Lundberg, 2012, "Lacan in Public: Psychoanalysis and the Science of Rhetoric," The University of Alabama Press, Dr. Lundberg is an associate professor and co-director of the University Program in Cultural Studies at UNC, he has a B.A. from the University of Redlands, a Master of Divinity from Emory University, and a Ph.D. in Communication Studies from Northwestern University, sjbe recut MNHS NL AND a hegemonic order and is therefore a particularly fraught form of political subjectivization. The 1AC destroys value to life and causes extinction.Themi 8 (Tim, Prof @ Deakin U, "How Lacan’s Ethics Might Improve Our Understanding of Nietzsche’s Critique of Platonism: The Neurosis and Nihilism of a ‘Life’ Against Life," Cosmos and History: The Journal of Natural and Social Philosophy 4.1-2, 2008) Wayne State recut MNHS NL AND un-understood drive resurge of its own volition until it accidentally finishes us The alternative is to embrace the death drive – we accept the lost object is lost instead of constantly pursuing it.McGowan 13 McGowan, Todd. Enjoying What We Don’t Have: The Political Project of Psychoanalysis. University of Nebraska Press, 2013. JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt1ddr7nv. Accessed 15 Sept. 2020. Pages 283-286 SHS/JS recut MNHS NL AND recognize that we enjoy the lost object only insofar as it remains lost. | 9/5/21 |
SEPTOCT - K - SetcolTournament: Jack Howe | Round: Octas | Opponent: Marlborough AK | Judge: Saketh Kotapati, Gabriela Gonzalez, Neda Baharani Genocidal disposition is not an event but on an ongoing process that functions through a tripartite structure of elimination, replacement, and indoctrination. Debate as a competitive research activity is not isolated from said violence, but works to iteratively indoctrinate settler ideologies which is necessary to maintain the broader process of genocide.Patel 14 ~Lisa (Leigh) Patel (2014), Countering Coloniality in Educational Research: From Ownership to Answerability, Educational Studies, 50:4, 357-377, DOI: 10.1080/00131946.2014.924942, Accesed via Taylor Francis Online~itsnagisa AND and what theoretical frames drive the data gathering, analysis, and implications. The will to elimination has indoctrinated itself into all settler institutions making genocidal elimination possible. The inevitable 1AR’s link turns and permutations will conflate the distinctions between colonization and racialized violence and in such create a quagmire rather than creating a language to fuel liberation programs. This should be starred as a reason why you should at least within debate refuse to invest into a politics of contingencyRifkin 14 ~Mark, 'Settler Common Sense: Queerness and Everyday Colonialism in the American Renaissance,'~itsnagisa AND through which U.S. settler colonialism enacts itself " (xix). Trips waivers may seem docile but are a calculated risk to remedy liberalism’s terminal collapse.~Patanè, Andrea. COVID-19 Pandemic: Patents and Profits, 15 May 2021, www.marxist.com/covid-19-pandemic-patents-and-profits.htm.~nagisatm AND clout to secure enough vaccines to inoculate its own population several times over. The alternative is total refusal – only in this mode of upheaval are new futurisms possibleGrande 18 – Sandy Grande, Professor of Education and Director of the Center for the Critical Study of Race and Ethnicity at Connecticut University, 2018 ("Refusing the Settler Society of the Spectacle," Handbook of Indigenous Education, Published by Springer, Edited by Elizabeth Ann McKinley and Linda Tuhiwai Smith, ISBN 978-981-10-1839-8, pp. 1-17) AND , our present, and our future. This is our one demand. FW: Eval the 1AC as a scholarly artifact – the affirmative should have to defend their epistemic orientation prior to evaluating a risk of fiated solvency.a.~ Anti-Native Education DA Fiat is illusory and voting for them doesn’t do anything – but voting negative can reshape the scholastic practices within this activity – that outweighs because repeated practices presented in speech activities give way to parasitic spaces only challenging the underlying epistemology that shapes that is able to disrupt those settler psyches and mitigate the violence in an anti-settler activity. That Comes first: 1.~ A 1 chance that debate does shape subject formation outweighs a risk that it doesn’t – because its not worth risking genocide. 2.~ Accessibility structures procedural fairness - if we win a link argument it proves why the space that they forward is not only violent but also inaccessible for native folx.Reid-Brinkley 8 — MA, University of Alabama, 2003 (Dr. Shanara Rose Reid-Brinkley, May 2008, "THE HARSH REALITIES OF "ACTING BLACK": HOW AFRICAN-AMERICAN POLICY DEBATERS NEGOTIATE REPRESENTATION THROUGH RACIAL PERFORMANCE AND STYLE," p. 113-5)rc Raunak AND in an activity and environment hostile to those debate bodies marked by difference. B.~ our interp is fair predictable and reciprocal – the affirmative has had infinite prep time and chose how to construct the 1AC – their investments into certain rhetorical and epistemic choices like disease, extinction, liberalistic, fiat and death representations are all things integral to 1AC construction that they should be able to defend why they did what they did. | 9/20/21 |
SEPTOCT - T - NebelTournament: Loyola | Round: 6 | Opponent: Immaculate Heart BC | Judge: Ben Cortez Interpretation – the Aff may not specify a medicineMedicines is a generic bare pluralNebel 20 ~Jake Nebel is an assistant professor of philosophy at the University of Southern California and executive director of Victory Briefs. He writes a lot of this stuff lol – duh.~ "Indefinite Singular Generics in Debate" Victory Briefs, 19 August 2020. no url AG AND This suggests that "a democracy" in the resolution is not existential. It applies to this topic – democracy was the subject of SeptOct that year the same way medicines are the subject of SeptOct because "Member nations ought to eliminate IP for covid – therefore, member nations ought to eliminate IP protections for all" is illogical1~ Limits: There’s inf medicines they could specify, coupled with various types of countries. Kills neg burdens – it’s impossible for me to research every possible combination of medicines.2~ TVA Solves – just read your aff as an advantage to a whole rez aff. We aren’t stopping them from reading new FWs, mechanisms, or advantages. PICs don’t solve – it’s ridiculous to say that neg potential abuse justifies the aff making it impossible for me to winDrop the debater bc you can’t drop the arg on their advocacy | 9/5/21 |
SEPTOCT - T - ReduceTournament: Loyola | Round: 4 | Opponent: Southlake Carroll PK | Judge: Cameron Lange Interp: Reduce requires quantitative effectPassarello 13 – J.D. Candidate, Duke University School of Law, 2013. (Nicholas, NOTE: THE ITEM VETO AND THE THREAT OF APPROPRIATIONS BUNDLING IN ALASKA, 30 Alaska L. Rev. 125, Lexis)BB AND the amount of an appropriations item, not the descriptive language accompanying it. V: they only delay Enforcement which isn’t a reduction of actual patentsStandards:Limits and ground – they blur the lines on what the aff can and can’t do to vague rhetoric. Makes negating impossible since if the aff can’t be held to a quantitative decrease the 1AR just shifts out of all links. K2 fairness cuz it controls access to the ballot. K2 education cuz we lose clash.Drop the debater – their abusive advocacy skewed the debate from the startCompeting interps – reasonability invites arbitrary judge intervention and a race to the bottom of questionable argumentationFairness is a voter ¬– necessary to determine the better debaterEducation is a voter – why schools fund debateNo RVIs – a) illogical – you shouldn’t win for being fair – it’s a litmus test for engaging in substance. Logic ow’s it’s the basis for all argumentation b) norming – I can’t concede the counterinterp if I realize I’m wrong which forces me to argue for bad norms. C) causes a chilling effect, abusive debaters will just get really good at the RVI debate and prep out a ci which baits theory and ultimately disincentives people from reading it. D) Incentivizes Going all in on theory kills substance education which outweighs on timeframe | 9/20/21 |
SEPTOCT - T - Reduce v2Tournament: Jack Howe | Round: 1 | Opponent: Loyola LR | Judge: Saketh Kotapati Interp:Reduce means to diminishIdaho State Court of Appeals 03 AND a "reduction" under Colorado Cr. R. 35(b)). WTO waiver isn’t reducing IP – we read green1AC Kavanagh et al. 7/1 ~Matthew M. Kavanagh, PhD1,2; Lawrence O. Gostin, JD1; Madhavi Sunder, JD1; 1Georgetown University Law Center, Washington, DC; 2Department of International Health, Georgetown University, Washington, DC; July 1, 2021, "Sharing Technology and Vaccine Doses to Address Global Vaccine Inequity and End the COVID-19 Pandemic," JAMA. 2021;326(3):219-220. doi:10.1001/jama.2021.10823lhs-ap~ AND on mRNA vaccine formulations stored at room temperature for lower-resource settings. CX proves the violationStandards:1~ Limits and ground – a~ changing terms explodes the topic to functionally *infinite* extra-T affs since they’ll just claim "change terms". Makes it impossible to negate since the aff can do whatever they want. K2 fairness cuz it controls access to the ballot. K2 education cuz we lose clash. B~ they blur the lines on what the aff can and can’t due to vague rhetoric. Makes negating impossible since if the aff can’t be held to a quantitative decrease the 1AR just shifts out of all links. K2 fairness cuz it controls access to the ballot. K2 education cuz we lose clash.Fairness and education are voters – debate’s a game that needs rules to evaluate it and education gives us portable skills for life like research and thinking.Precision o/w – anything else justifies the aff arbitrarily jettisoning words in the resolution at their whim which decks negative ground and preparation because the aff is no longer bounded by the resolution.Drop the debater bc you can’t drop the arg on their advocacyNo rvis – they can dump on theory in the 1ar, chilling us from checking abuseUse competing interps – a) reasonability invites arbitrary judge intervention since we don’t know your bs meter, b) collapses to competing interps – we justify 2 brightlines under an offense defense paradigm just like 2 interps. | 9/20/21 |
SEPTOCT - T - Reduce v3Tournament: Jack Howe | Round: 1 | Opponent: Loyola LR | Judge: Saketh Kotapati Interpretation:Reductions must be permanentNew York Supreme Court 3rd Appellate Division AND or degrade. The word "reduce" seems adequately to indicate permanency. Violation: their aff is temporary – CX provesVote neg for limits and ground – nonpermanent affs open the floodgates to delay and conditions affs that could hypothetically result in future reductions. These affs don’t materially change the status quo which destroys neg link uniqueness and avoids core topic questions of medical IP good/bad in favor of burner condition-of-the-week affs that gain advantages from the most extreme of crises. | 9/20/21 |
SEPTOCT - T - Reduce v4Tournament: Jack Howe | Round: 5 | Opponent: Diamond Bar NC | Judge: Jan Wimmer Interp: Reduce does not mean to freeze or stop from increasingHarmon 2012 (Melinda Harmon, US District Judge, "GERALD P. ZIECHE, Plaintiff, VS. BURLINGTON RESOURCES INC. EMPLOYEE CHANGE IN CONTROL SEVERANCE PLAN, et al, Defendants.", United States District Court Southern District of Texas Houston Division, March 6 2012, https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/USCOURTS-txsd-4'07-cv-03985/pdf/USCOURTS-txsd-4'07-cv-03985-1.pdf, mmv) AND reasoning, and Zieche has introduced no evidence to convince the Court otherwise. Violation: They only ban future/secondary patentsStandards:1~ Topicality—they justify the aff arbitrarily doing away with words in the resolution which decks negative ground and preparation.2~ Limits and grounds – future preventions means the aff has functionally infinite ground since there will theoretically always exist a case of bad IP. Also means they no-link out of any DA since I can’t cut links to stuff that happens in the future. Messes with limits since speccing future action means negs have infinite prep burden. K2 fairness cuz it controls access to the ballot. K2 education cuz we lose clash.Fairness and education are voters – debate’s a game that needs rules to evaluate it and education gives us portable skills for life like research and thinking.Drop the debater – they have a 7-6 rebuttal advantage and the 2ar to make args I can’t respond toUse competing interps – reasonability invites arbitrary judge intervention since we don’t know your bs meterNo RVIs – illogical – you shouldn’t win for being fair – it’s a litmus test for engaging in substance | 9/20/21 |
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