Millard North Liu Aff
| Tournament | Round | Opponent | Judge | Cites | Round Report | Open Source | Edit/Delete |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| All | 1 | All | All |
|
| ||
| All | 1 | All | All |
|
| ||
| All | 1 | All | All |
|
| ||
| Alta | 2 | Marlborough AW | Ausha Curry |
|
|
| |
| Alta | 3 | Pine View EL | Parth Misra |
|
|
| |
| Alta | 6 | Peninsula CS | Nethmin Liyanage |
|
|
| |
| Alta | Octas | Mercer Island KS | Isabella Crockett, Ean Neiswanger, Leah Clark-Villaneuva |
|
|
| |
| Alta | Quarters | Park City NL | Sam Larson, Gordon Krauss, Nethmin Liyanage |
|
|
| |
| Alta | Semis | McNeil AG | Saketh Kotapati, Ausha Curry, Nethmin Liyanage |
|
|
| |
| Badgerland | 1 | Lincoln North Star CB | Mohammad Sheikh |
|
|
| |
| Badgerland | 4 | Verona Area AG | Nicholas Wallenburg |
|
|
| |
| Badgerland | Semis | Iowa City West JS | Mohammad Sheikh, Rafael Li, Animesh Joshi |
|
|
| |
| Emory | 1 | Harvard Westlake IC | David Dosch |
|
|
| |
| Jack Howe | 2 | Harvard Westlake NL | Srinidhi Yerraguntala |
|
|
| |
| Jack Howe | 4 | Marlborough AK | Brett Boelkens |
|
|
| |
| Jack Howe | 6 | Ayala AM | Dhruv Channa |
|
|
| |
| Loyola | 1 | McNeil SC | Holden Bukowsky |
|
|
| |
| Loyola | 3 | Southlake Carroll SD | Lena Mizrahi |
|
|
| |
| Loyola | 5 | Sage MP | David Dosch |
|
|
| |
| Meadows | 1 | Immaculate Heart JL | Joel Lemuel |
|
|
| |
| Meadows | 3 | Bishops SR | Delon Fuller |
|
|
| |
| Meadows | Doubles | Westwood PM | Claudia Ribera, Heaven Montague, Kabir Dubey |
|
|
| |
| Meadows | 5 | Interlake DB | Taisei Summerhays |
|
|
| |
| Milo | 1 | Norfolk PW | Chasity Hance |
|
|
| |
| Peninsula | 2 | Harvard Westlake AT | Annabelle Long |
|
|
| |
| Peninsula | 3 | LHS YL | Aditya Madaraju |
|
|
| |
| Peninsula | 6 | Monta Vista RD | Leah Clark-Villanueva |
|
|
| |
| Peninsula | Doubles | Portola AS | Leah Clark-Villanueva, Anish Ramireddy, Eric He |
|
|
| |
| Valley | 2 | Seqouia AS | Maya Xia |
|
|
| |
| Valley | 3 | Mission San Jose SB | Sam Larson |
|
|
| |
| Valley | 5 | Eagan AE | Victor Chen |
|
|
|
| Tournament | Round | Report |
|---|---|---|
| Alta | 2 | Opponent: Marlborough AW | Judge: Ausha Curry 1AC - Ag Workers |
| Alta | 3 | Opponent: Pine View EL | Judge: Parth Misra 1AC - Ag workers |
| Alta | 6 | Opponent: Peninsula CS | Judge: Nethmin Liyanage 1AC - Ag Workers |
| Alta | Octas | Opponent: Mercer Island KS | Judge: Isabella Crockett, Ean Neiswanger, Leah Clark-Villaneuva 1AC - Ag Workers |
| Alta | Quarters | Opponent: Park City NL | Judge: Sam Larson, Gordon Krauss, Nethmin Liyanage 1AC - Ag Workers |
| Alta | Semis | Opponent: McNeil AG | Judge: Saketh Kotapati, Ausha Curry, Nethmin Liyanage 1AC - Ag workers |
| Badgerland | 1 | Opponent: Lincoln North Star CB | Judge: Mohammad Sheikh 1AC - Ag workers |
| Badgerland | 4 | Opponent: Verona Area AG | Judge: Nicholas Wallenburg 1AC - Ag Workers Disclosure |
| Badgerland | Semis | Opponent: Iowa City West JS | Judge: Mohammad Sheikh, Rafael Li, Animesh Joshi 1AC - Ag Workers |
| Emory | 1 | Opponent: Harvard Westlake IC | Judge: David Dosch 1AC - Mining |
| Jack Howe | 2 | Opponent: Harvard Westlake NL | Judge: Srinidhi Yerraguntala 1AC - Opioids |
| Jack Howe | 4 | Opponent: Marlborough AK | Judge: Brett Boelkens 1AC - Opioids |
| Jack Howe | 6 | Opponent: Ayala AM | Judge: Dhruv Channa 1AC - Opioids Disclosure |
| Loyola | 1 | Opponent: McNeil SC | Judge: Holden Bukowsky 1AC |
| Loyola | 3 | Opponent: Southlake Carroll SD | Judge: Lena Mizrahi 1AC - Opioids |
| Loyola | 5 | Opponent: Sage MP | Judge: David Dosch 1AC - Covid |
| Meadows | 1 | Opponent: Immaculate Heart JL | Judge: Joel Lemuel 1AC - Vaccines v3 |
| Meadows | 3 | Opponent: Bishops SR | Judge: Delon Fuller 1AC - Opioids |
| Meadows | Doubles | Opponent: Westwood PM | Judge: Claudia Ribera, Heaven Montague, Kabir Dubey 1AC - Insulin |
| Meadows | 5 | Opponent: Interlake DB | Judge: Taisei Summerhays 1AC - Vaccines v4 |
| Milo | 1 | Opponent: Norfolk PW | Judge: Chasity Hance 1AC - Mining |
| Peninsula | 2 | Opponent: Harvard Westlake AT | Judge: Annabelle Long 1AC - Mining |
| Peninsula | 3 | Opponent: LHS YL | Judge: Aditya Madaraju 1AC - Mining Disclosure |
| Peninsula | 6 | Opponent: Monta Vista RD | Judge: Leah Clark-Villanueva 1AC - Mining |
| Peninsula | Doubles | Opponent: Portola AS | Judge: Leah Clark-Villanueva, Anish Ramireddy, Eric He 1AC - Mining |
| Valley | 2 | Opponent: Seqouia AS | Judge: Maya Xia 1AC - Covid |
| Valley | 3 | Opponent: Mission San Jose SB | Judge: Sam Larson 1AC - Vaccines v2 Disclosure |
| Valley | 5 | Opponent: Eagan AE | Judge: Victor Chen 1AC - Vaccines v2 |
To modify or delete round reports, edit the associated round.
Cites
| Entry | Date |
|---|---|
0 - Contact InfoTournament: All | Round: 1 | Opponent: All | Judge: All Phone: 402-949-2378 *note - vaccines v3 is o sourced in meadows r1 but cites aren't working | 10/31/21 |
0 - DebateDrillsTournament: All | Round: 1 | Opponent: All | Judge: All | 8/31/21 |
0 - NavigationTournament: All | Round: 1 | Opponent: All | Judge: All cites not working again the Ag workers AC is o sourced | 11/13/21 |
JANFEB - AC - MiningTournament: Peninsula | Round: 2 | Opponent: Harvard Westlake AT | Judge: Annabelle Long PlanPlan: The appropriation of outer space through asteroid mining by private entities should be banned.We’ll defend normal means as the signatories of the OST adding an optional protocol under Article II.Tronchetti 7~Fabio Tronchetti is a professor at the International Institute of Air and Space Law, Leiden University, The Netherlands, 2007, https://iislweb.org/docs/Diederiks2007.pdf, 12-15-2021 amrita~ AND the non-appropriative nature of outer space emerges in all its relevance. InherencyCountries and their companies are making their own rules through patchwork which creates conflict—an international body is keyFoster 16 – Craig, J.D., University of Illinois College of Law, "EXCUSE ME, YOU’RE MINING MY ASTEROID: SPACE PROPERTY RIGHTS AND THE U.S. SPACE RESOURCE EXPLORATION AND UTILIZATION ACT OF 2015", JOURNAL OF LAW, TECHNOLOGY and POLICY, No. 2, page 428-430, http://illinoisjltp.com/journal/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/Foster.pdf AND discussion stages and is likely to take a while to come to fruition. Current space treaties have zero authority and lack clarity—which creates ineffective regulationsMacWhorter 16 – Kevin, J.D from William and Mary College and Contributor to the William and Mary Environmental Law and Policy Review, "Sustainable Mining: Incentivizing Asteroid Mining in the Name of Environmentalism", William and Mary Environmental Law and Policy Review, 2016, https://scholarship.law.wm.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1653andcontext=wmelpr AND States, not to deal with private claims of property. 123 International. Disputes and misperceptions create cascading effects towards space weaponization and an arms race—an international framework solves BUT unilateral action causes escalating space warsMallick and Rajagopalan 19 - Law Researcher at the High Court of Delhi from 2016 to 2018 and is currently pursuing LL.M in International Law at The Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy, USA, Distinguished Fellow and Head of the Nuclear and Space Policy Initiative at Observer Research Foundation. She is also the Technical Adviser to the UN Group of Governmental Experts (GGE) on Prevention of Arms Race in Outer Space (PAROS). (Rajeswari Pillai Rajagopalan, Senjuti Mallick, "If Space is ‘the Province of Mankind’, Who Owns its Resources? The Potential of Space Mining and its Legal Implications", ORF Occasional Paper No. 182, January 2019, Observer Research Foundation., https://www.orfonline.org/research/if-space-is-the-province-of-mankind-who-owns-its-resources-47561/) NAR AND instead of earning admiration and exultation, will only be enmeshed in litigation. Advantage – Space WarInevitable market expansion guarantees wars over property rights—governments get quickly involvedFunnell 18 – Anthony, Writer for Future Tense News Citing Dean of Law at University of Adelaide, "War in space 'inevitable' because there's so much money to be made, expert warns", ABC News, 8/23/2018, https://www.abc.net.au/news/2018-08-24/conflict-in-space-is-inevitable-expert-warns/10146314 AND for developing that technology. It makes for an exciting time," he said Asteroid mining furthers tensions between the US, China and Russia and escalatesJamasmie 21 Cecilia Jamasmie ~Cecilia has covered mining for more than a decade. She is particularly interested in Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR), Diamonds and Latin America. Cecilia has been interviewed by BBC News and CBC among others and has been a guest speaker at mining conventions, including MINExpo 2016 and the World’s Copper Conference 2018. She is also member of the expert panel on Social License to Operate (SLO) at the European project MIREU (Mining and Metallurgic Regions EU). She holds a Master of Journalism from the University of British Columbia, and is based in Nova Scotia.~, 2-2-2021, "Experts warn of brewing space mining war among US, China and Russia," MINING, https://www.mining.com/experts-warn-of-brewing-space-mining-war-among-us-china-and-russia/ DD AG AND 2020, more than 50 years after the US reached the lunar surface. Space wars go nuclearGrego 18 – Laura, Senior Scientist in the Global Security Program at the Union of Concerned Scientists, Postdoctoral Researcher at the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, PhD in Experimental Physics at the California Institute of Technology, Space and Crisis Stability, Union of Concerned Scientists, 3-19-18, https://www.law.upenn.edu/live/files/7804-grego-space-and-crisis-stabilitypdf AND same value to a given target or same escalatory nature to different weapons. Nuclear war causes extinction.Starr ’17 (Steven; director of the University of Missouri’s Clinical Laboratory Science Program, senior scientist at the Physicians for Social Responsibility, Associate member of the Nuclear Age Peace Foundation, expert in the environmental consequences of nuclear war; 1/9/17; "Turning a Blind Eye Towards Armageddon — U.S. Leaders Reject Nuclear Winter Studies"; https://fas.org/2017/01/turning-a-blind-eye-towards-armageddon-u-s-leaders-reject-nuclear-winter-studies/; Federation of American Scientists; accessed 11/24/18; TV) ~AV~ AND predicted by the 1983 studies and described this as a "nuclear autumn." Resource extraction in space is not a sustainable market – profitability metrics ensure total collapse into monopolizationGardenyes 2017 (Distri Josep Gardenyes, Marxist and anarchist writer, "New Technologies, Extraterrestrial Exploitation, And The Future Of Capitalism", It's Going Down, January 28 2017, https://itsgoingdown.org/new-technologies-extraterrestrial-exploitation-future-capitalism/, mmv) AND of taking our civilization and the capitalist economy beyond the Earth’s gravity well. Asteroid mining is all hype – benefits are exaggeratedRiederer 14 - editor-in-chief of Guernica magazine and writer at The New Yorker AND elevator pitch makes it sound, but useful in its own little way. Advantage – CollisionsMining creates space debrisBoley and Byers 20 (Arron, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia; Michael, Department of Political Science, University of British Columbia) U.S. policy puts the safe development of space at risk, SCIENCE, 9 Oct 2020, Vol 370, Issue 6513, pp. 174-175 https://www.science.org/doi/full/10.1126/science.abd3402 EE AND they demonstrate how easily human actions can change the near-Earth environment. Space dust destroys spirals and exponentially accumulates through time, increasing the likelihood of collisions.Intagliata 17 ~Christopher Intagliata, 5-11-2017, "The Sneaky Danger of Space Dust," Scientific American, https://www.scientificamerican.com/podcast/episode/the-sneaky-danger-of-space-dust/~~//DDPT AND electrical damage to satellites. The study is in the journal Physics of Plasmas. ~Alex C. Fletcher and Sigrid Close, Particle-in-cell simulations of an RF emission mechanism associated with hypervelocity impact plasmas~ An increase in space debris and dust from mining collides with key defense satellitesScoles 15 Sarah Scoles ~Freelance science writer, and a contributing writer at WIRED Science, with articles in places like Popular Science, the New York Times, Scientific American, Vice, Outside, and others.~, 5-27-2015, "Dust from asteroid mining spells danger for satellites," New Scientist, https://www.newscientist.com/article/mg22630235-100-dust-from-asteroid-mining-spells-danger-for-satellites/ DD AG AND worry about cascades of collisions like the one depicted in the movie Gravity. Specifically, early warning satellites going dark signals attacks – that causes miscalc and goes nuclear.Orwig 16 ~(Jessica, MS in science and tech journalism from Texas AandM, BS in astronomy and physics from Ohio State) "Russia says a growing problem in space could be enough to spark a war," Insider,’ January 26, 2016, https://www.businessinsider.com/russia-says-space-junk-could-spark-war-2016-1~~ ~pT~ AND of small-size, non-catalogued objects will grow exponentially in mutual collisions," the researchers reported. | 1/22/22 |
SEPTOCT - AC - InsulinTournament: Meadows | Round: Doubles | Opponent: Westwood PM | Judge: Claudia Ribera, Heaven Montague, Kabir Dubey AdvantageInsulin is prohibitively expensive – new insulin analogues move the needle from human insulin to a lower quality, more expensive drugPeccoud et al 18 Jenna E. Gallegos ~~,1 Christopher Boyer,2 Eleanore Pauwels,3 Warren A. Kaplan,4 and Jean Peccoud ~Prof. Jean Peccoud joined the department in January 2016 as the Abell chair in synthetic biology~1,*, December 18, "The Open Insulin Project: A Case Study for ‘Biohacked’ Medicines"", Trends in Biotechnology Vol 36 No. 12, https://www.cell.com/trends/biotechnology/pdf/S0167-7799(18)30200-2.pdf DD AG AND regulatory hurdles in order to develop a more affordable model for insulin production. IP perpetuates evergreening, specifically for insulin – that prevents the creation of cheap, generic medicineGreene 15 Jeremy A. Greene, M.D., Ph.D ~I received an MA in medical anthropology from Harvard in 2004, the MD and PhD degrees in the history of science from Harvard in 2005~., and Kevin R. Riggs, M.D., M.P.H., March 19, 2015, "Why Is There No Generic Insulin? Historical Origins of a Modern Problem", New England Journal of Medicine 372:1171-1175, https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMms1411398 DD AG AND a steep price for the continued rejuvenation of this oldest of modern medicines. This isn’t just a one off – it’s been happening for the last centuryPeccoud 18 Jean Peccoud ~Prof. Jean Peccoud joined the department in January 2016 as the Abell chair in synthetic biology.~, 9-13-2018, "After a century, insulin is still expensive – could DIYers change that?," Conversation, https://theconversation.com/after-a-century-insulin-is-still-expensive-could-diyers-change-that-99822 DD AG AND worse because they tried to ration their insulin are all-too common. Thus the plan, the United States of America ought to reduce intellectual property protections for insulin.The plan would be implemented through the Affordable Drug Manufacturing Act – precedent makes it normal meansScott 18 Dylan Scott ~grew up in Ohio, lived in Las Vegas for a year and moved to Washington in 2011. I cover health care and other domestic policy.~, 12-20-2018, "Elizabeth Warren’s ambitious new bill to lower generic drug prices, explained," Vox, https://www.vox.com/policy-and-politics/2018/12/20/18146993/elizabeth-warren-2020-election-drug-prices-bill DD AG AND federal government to contract with private companies to do the actual drug producing. IP stands in the way of innovative, biohacked insulin that solves diabetes and is cheaper than existing medicines – only the plan allow for a new wave of biohacked innovation – turns the innovation DAPeccoud et al 18 Jenna E. Gallegos ~~,1 Christopher Boyer,2 Eleanore Pauwels,3 Warren A. Kaplan,4 and Jean Peccoud ~Prof. Jean Peccoud joined the department in January 2016 as the Abell chair in synthetic biology~1,*, December 18, "The Open Insulin Project: A Case Study for ‘Biohacked’ Medicines"", Trends in Biotechnology Vol 36 No. 12, https://www.cell.com/trends/biotechnology/pdf/S0167-7799(18)30200-2.pdf DD AG AND , can independently uncover or stumble upon and ‘acquire’ a trade secret. FrameworkThe standard is decreasing structural inequalitiesPrefer:1~ Prioritize structural impacts – worst-case scenario predictions are based on threat exaggeration – distorts rational decision-making and justify preemptive warfareMueller and Stewart ’11 ~John, Woody Hayes National Security Studies and Professor of Political Science @ Ohio State University, Mark, Professor of Civil Engineering and Director of the Centre for Infrastructure Performance and Reliability at the University of Newcastle in Australia, "Terror, Security, and Money", page numbers below~ AND of public monies in a responsible manner. ~page 14-17~ 2~ Predictions of rare events like extinction is next to impossible – prefer empirically verified events to improbable predictive analytics.a~ The future is unpredictable – the best way to preserve future value is to do good things nowKarnofsky 14 - Executive Director of the Open Philanthropy Project degree in Social Studies from Harvard University (Holden Karnofsky, 7/3/14, "The Moral Value of the Far Future" https://www.openphilanthropy.org/blog/moral-value-far-future) AND even if they don’t have a clear connection to improving the far future. b~ The world is complex – linear predictions are incoherentGlover 12 (7/21/12, Robert W. Glover is the CLAS Honors Preceptor in Political Science at the University of Maine. "Compatibility or Incommensurability: IR Theory and Complex Systems Analysis" http://www.e-ir.info/2012/07/21/compatibility-or-incommensurability-ir-theory-and-complex-systems-analysis/~~#'ftn1) AND , or a fundamental and incommensurable challenge to the present theoretical landscape of IR c~ You can’t predict black swan eventsChadefaux 17 ~Thomas Chadefaux (Department of Political Science, Trinity University); 20 February 2017; Data Science Journal; "Conflict forecasting and its limits"; https://content.iospress.com/articles/data-science/ds002 BWSWJ~ AND high precision but still cannot predict their onset with much early warning.8 3~ Extinction is inevitable – that non uqs magnitude weighing and means we ought to prefer more probable impacts that happen soonerMonzon 20 Inigo Monzon ~International Business TImes~, 1-20-2020, "Mass Extinction After Asteroid Strike On Earth Is Inevitable, Scientists Reveal," International Business Times, https://www.ibtimes.com/mass-extinction-after-asteroid-strike-earth-inevitable-scientists-reveal-2905584 DD AG AND enough energy to extinguish most life, if not all," she said. 4~ Actor specificity –a~ it is the moral obligation of the United States government to help its citizens, especially those who suffer the most from disease and poverty. There is no unique obligation for the US to prevent extinction that may or may not occur thousands of years in the future – fill in by other countries solves that and proves structural violence has to come priorb~ States can’t focus on abstract, overarching theories but should do what’s right because it’s the right thing to do – this commits them to consequentialism instead of inflexible rulesRaz: Raz, Joseph ~Faculty, Columbia Law School~ "Multiculturalism: A Liberal Perspective." Multiculturalism. Winter 1994. RP recut DD AG AND mere approximations. Those who apply them inflexibly are fanatics heading for disaster. 5~ Default to probability – any other model of risk calculus collapses in on itselfKessler 08 (Oliver; April 2008; PhD in IR, professor of sociology at the University of Bielefeld, and professor of history and theory of IR at the Faculty of Arts; Alternatives, Vol. 33, "From Insecurity to Uncertainty: Risk and the Paradox of Security Politics" p. 211-232) AND prevail than in situations where security problems can be assessed with relative certainty. 6~ Reject "1 risk of extinction"– it collapses all policymakingMeskill 09 (David, professor at Colorado School of Mines and PhD from Harvard, "The "One Percent Doctrine" and Environmental Faith," Dec 9, http://davidmeskill.blogspot.com/2009/12/one-percent-doctrine-and-environmental.html) AND choose between them and other, much more cotidien, things we value? | 11/1/21 |
SEPTOCT - AC - OpioidsTournament: Loyola | Round: 1 | Opponent: McNeil SC | Judge: Holden Bukowsky 1AC r2 Loyola 2021 v McNeil SC1AC – Advantage – OverdosesDrug Overdoes from addictive opioids are rooted in patents – they incentivize companies to aggressively market and overprescribe them which leads to huge amounts of people becoming addictedVertinsky 8-2 ~Liza Vertinsky, Associate Professor, Project Leader for Global Health Law and Policy Project, Global Health Faculty Fellow, Emory University School of Law, 8-2-2021, "To Address the Overdose Epidemic, Tackle Pharma Industry Influence" The Harvard Law Petrie-Flom Center, Accessed 8-18-2021, https://blog.petrieflom.law.harvard.edu/2021/08/02/opioids-pharma-regulatory-capture/ ww AND /or provide greater resources and rewards for regulating in the public interest. Patents created the opioid crisis – Patents reward companies that make addictive drugs, and market exclusivity allows for aggressive marketing that allowed over prescription of opioids.Hemel and Ouellette 20~Daniel J Hemel, Assistant professor of law and Ronald H.Coase Research scholar@ university of Chicago law school. Lisa Larrimore Ouellette, Associate professor of law and Justin M. January-June 2020, "Innovation institutions and the opioid crisis" Journal of Law and the Biosciences, Volume 7, Issue 1, https://doi.org/10.1093/jlb/lsaa001 ww AND lessons we can learn from the opioid crisis for innovation policy more broadly. IPP rewards addictive medicines and punishes alternative medicines – the plan shifts patients towards non addictive meds through reducing the amount of opioidsHemel and Ouellette 20~Daniel J Hemel, Assistant professor of law and Ronald H.Coase Research scholar@ university of Chicago law school. Lisa Larrimore Ouellette, Associate professor of law and Justin M. January-June 2020, "Innovation institutions and the opioid crisis" Journal of Law and the Biosciences, Volume 7, Issue 1, https://doi.org/10.1093/jlb/lsaa001 ww AND that the grass is not always greener on the non-market side. The plan spurs on innovation for non-opioid pain killersHemel and Ouellette 20~Daniel J Hemel, Assistant professor of law and Ronald H.Coase Research scholar@ university of Chicago law school. Lisa Larrimore Ouellette, Associate professor of law and Justin M. January-June 2020, "Innovation institutions and the opioid crisis" Journal of Law and the Biosciences, Volume 7, Issue 1, https://doi.org/10.1093/jlb/lsaa001 ww AND of the opioid crisis. Policymakers will need to look elsewhere for solutions. 1AC – Plan TextPlan: The Member Nations of the World Trade Organization Should Terminate current and ban secondary patents of opioid painkillers.Ask in cross for further Specification – I will meet reasonable interps we should avoid a theory debate.1AC – SolvencyThe plan solves the evergreening of opioid patents – companies will renew their patents over and over without making any substantial changes – banning the evergreening of these patents will deter the aggressive marketing that’s incentivized by patentsThe plan is key – Other stratagies can’t solve patent abuseFoley 17~Katherine Ellen Foley, a health reporter for Quartz based in Washington, D.C. She holds an M.A. in journalism from NYU's Science, Health and Environmental Reporting Program (SHERP 33), and her undergraduate degree is from Georgetown University's School of Foreign Service, where she studied science, tech and international affairs, 11-18-2017, "Big Pharma is taking advantage of patent law to keep OxyContin from ever dying" Quartz, Accessed 7-21-2021, https://qz.com/1125690/big-pharma-is-taking-advantage-of-patent-law-to-keep-oxycontin-from-ever-dying/ ww AND generics. No word on when that document will be published, however. 1AC – FramingThe Standard is maximizing expected well-being –The Standard is maximizing expected well-being.1~ Aggregation is inevitable for governments since they have to make tradeoffs – actor specificity o/w since different agents have different obligations.2~ Consequences matter – if you knew taking an action would result in a consequence, it becomes in line with your intent since you intend for that consequence to happen.3~ Binding – pain and pleasure are the only things with intrinsic value and disvalue – if I put my hand on a hot stove I will pull away – ethics must be binding bc if they aren’t then it’s impossible to generate obligations4~ "Scenario" based probability calculus is logically bankrupt and misunderstands IR. Prefer small, probable impactsKanwisher 89 ~Nancy Kanwisher "Cognitive Heuristics and American Security Policy" Published: The Journal of Conflict Resolution, December 1989, Vol. 33, No. 4~ ~https://www.jstor.org/stable/173995; pp. 654–656~ ~PDF available upon request~ ~Kanwisher: Professor of Cognitive Neuroscience at MIT. Ex-faculty member at UCLA and Harvard. 1999 received the National Academy of Sciences Troland Research Award. Elected to the National Academy of Sciences in 2005 and to the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 2009.~ || SM AND probability assessment became necessary again, the problem of psychological distortions would resurface. 5~ Slow violence is invisible and exponential – prefer it over flashpoint explanations of violenceNixon 11 AND in situations where the conditions for sustaining life become increasingly but gradually degraded. 1AC – Underview – Generic1AR theory –A~ AFF gets it because otherwise the neg can engage in infinite abuse which outweighs their argumentsB~ Drop the debater – the time crunched 1AR can’t win substance and theory to check abuseC~ Competing interps – 1AR interps aren’t bidirectional so they should defend their norm and the neg can always brute force their way through reasonability debatesD~They have 6 mins to answer it while I only have 3 mins to flesh it out and make it a voter which means they don’t need the RVIE~ 1AR theory first – it’s a bigger percentage of the 1AR than NC theory means the abuse was worse and if we win the NC is abusive you shouldn’t evaluate any of the arguments from it anywaysNC Theory –A~ It’s drop the argument since the 1AC speaks in the dark and violates countless bidirectional interps no matter what so we shouldn’t be punished for it.B~ Reasonability since the 1AR is too short to effectively win offense against a 6-minute 2nr dump.C~ Yes RVIs – k2 topic edu by deterring friv violations and forces negs to think twice before skewing the 1AR since they know each shell is another split in the 2N, also k2 reciprocity – T is a unique avenue to the ballot that the aff can’t access – makes T structurally unfair without the RVI which kills fairness.PandP affirm –1~ Statements are true before false since if I told you my name, you’d believe me.2~ Illogical – presuming statements false is illogical since you can’t say things like P and ~P are both wrong.1AC - MethodReformism is effective and brings revolutionary change closer rather than pushing it awayDelgado 9 (Richard, self-appointed Minority scholar, Chair of Law at the University of Alabama Law School, J.D. from the University of California, Berkeley, his books have won eight national book prizes, including six Gustavus Myers awards for outstanding book on human rights in North America, the American Library Association’s Outstanding Academic Book, and a Pulitzer Prize nomination, Professor Delgado’s teaching and writing focus on race, the legal profession, and social change, 2009, "Does Critical Legal Studies Have What Minorities Want, Arguing about Law,") BS 1-28-2018 AND whether total change, when it comes, will be what we want. Politics can be criticism rather than affirmation – making demands on the state does not mean endorsing it.Saul Newman 10, Reader in Political Theory at Goldsmiths, U of London, Theory and Event Volume 13, Issue 2 AND and equalities, and state practices which in reality violate and deny them. | 9/5/21 |
SEPTOCT - AC - VaccinesTournament: Loyola | Round: 5 | Opponent: Sage MP | Judge: David Dosch 1AC – Adv 1Vaccines will not cover LMICs until at least 2023—fortunately there is massive room for supply increaseNancy S. Jecker and Caesar A. Atuire 21. *Department of Bioethics and Humanities, University of Washington School of Medicine, Department of Philosophy, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park, Gauteng, South Africa, "What’s yours is ours: waiving intellectual property protections for COVID-19 vaccines," Journal of Medical Ethics, July 6, 2021, https://jme.bmj.com/content/medethics/early/2021/07/06/medethics-2021-107555.full.pdf., RJP, DebateDrills. AND will be African—continue to import 99 of its vaccine?’18 Extended COVID in developing countries will exacerbate inequalities fostered by COVID—job loss, poverty, and lack of health insurance all increasePley et al 21— Pley, Caitlin M. ~University of Cambridge Department of Medicine, Public Policy Researcher~, et al. "The global impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection." BMJ Global Health 6.1 (2021): e004275. (AG DebateDrills) AND and may reduce the incentive to seek testing services when treatment is unaffordable. The plan also sets a precedent to seamlessly shift to a direct support model during pandemics—that solves future pandemics but avoids the innovation DA.Brink Lindsey 21. Vice President, Niskanen Center; Writes for Brookings, "Why Intellectual Property and Pandemics Don’t Mix," Brookings, June 3, 2021, https://www.brookings.edu/blog/up-front/2021/06/03/why-intellectual-property-and-pandemics-dont-mix/, RJP, DebateDrills. AND patent bargain in favor of generous but well-focused direct government support. Pandemics will always temporarily disrupt developing country healthcare—preventing prolonged pandemics is key to overall healthPley et al 21— Pley, Caitlin M. ~University of Cambridge Department of Medicine, Public Policy Researcher~, et al. "The global impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection." BMJ Global Health 6.1 (2021): e004275. (AG DebateDrills) AND if routine childhood immunisation programmes were sustained in sub-Saharan Africa.11 Future pandemics at 10x more deadly – absent a solution we’re all going to dieCeballos 5/27 Gerardo Ceballos ~PhD, Dr Gerardo Ceballos is an ecologist and conservationist at the Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico. He is particularly recognized for his influential work on global patterns of distribution of diversity, endemism, and extinction risk in vertebrates. He is also well-known for his contribution to understanding the magnitude and impacts of the sixth mass extinction.~, 5/27/21, "THE SIXTH MASS EXTINCTION AND THE FUTURE OF HUMANITY", Population Matters, https://populationmatters.org/news/2021/05/sixth-mass-extinction-and-future-humanity DD AG AND and civilization. What it is at stake is the future of mankind. 1AC – Adv 2Unequal vaccine distribution has massive economic costs even with conservative estimates that don’t account for the Delta variantÇakmakli 21— Çakmakli, Cem ~Assistant Professor at Koç University. PhD: Pennsylvania State University~ et al. The economic case for global vaccinations: An epidemiological model with international production networks. No. w28395. National Bureau of Economic Research, 2021. (AG DebateDrills) AND costs but also escalate the economic costs that we estimated in our analysis. Economic loss and slow supply recovery causes inflation deanchoring and econ collapse in advanced economies as well as extreme poverty in EMDEsWorld Bank 6-21 – World Bank Prospects Group; June 2021 Global Economic Prospects; https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/bitstream/handle/10986/35647/9781464816659.pdf (AG DebateDrills) AND to higher inflation and compounded the challenges confronting the poor during the pandemic. Economic Collapse goes Nuclear.Tønnesson 15, Stein. "Deterrence, interdependence and Sino–US peace." International Area Studies Review 18.3 (2015): 297-311. (the Department of Peace and Conflict, Uppsala University, Sweden, and Peace research Institute Oslo (PRIO), Norway) AND each other, with a view to obliging Washington or Beijing to intervene. SolvencyPlan: Member nations of the WTO ought to grant a TRIPS waiver for COVID medicinesIndia and South Africa have signaled ability to increase vaccine production after a TRIPS waiver—this is also our solvency advocateNancy S. Jecker and Caesar A. Atuire 21. *Department of Bioethics and Humanities, University of Washington School of Medicine, Department of Philosophy, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park, Gauteng, South Africa, "What’s yours is ours: waiving intellectual property protections for COVID-19 vaccines," Journal of Medical Ethics, July 6, 2021, https://jme.bmj.com/content/medethics/early/2021/07/06/medethics-2021-107555.full.pdf., AG, DebateDrills. AND permits companies to retain ownership while licensing other companies to manufacture their vaccines. FramingThe Standard is maximizing expected well-being.1~ Aggregation is inevitable for governments since they have to make tradeoffs – actor specificity o/w since different agents have different obligations.2~ Consequences matter – if you knew taking an action would result in a consequence, it becomes in line with your intent since you intend for that consequence to happen.3~ Binding – pain and pleasure are the only things with intrinsic value and disvalue – if I put my hand on a hot stove I will pull away – ethics must be binding bc if they aren’t then it’s impossible to generate obligations4~ Extinction comes first!Pummer 15 ~Theron, Junior Research Fellow in Philosophy at St. Anne's College, University of Oxford. "Moral Agreement on Saving the World" Practical Ethics, University of Oxford. May 18, 2015~ AT AND would be acting very wrongly." (From chapter 36 of On What Matters UV1AR theory –A~ AFF gets it because otherwise the neg can engage in infinite abuse which outweighs their argumentsB~ Drop the debater – the time crunched 1AR can’t win substance and theory to check abuseC~ Competing interps – 1AR interps aren’t bidirectional so they should defend their norm and the neg can always brute force their way through reasonability debatesD~They have 6 mins to answer it while I only have 3 mins to flesh it out and make it a voter which means they don’t need the RVIE~ 1AR theory first – it’s a bigger percentage of the 1AR than NC theory means the abuse was worse and if we win the NC is abusive you shouldn’t evaluate any of the arguments from it anywaysNC Theory –A~ It’s drop the argument since the 1AC speaks in the dark and violates countless bidirectional interps no matter what so we shouldn’t be punished for it.B~ Reasonability since the 1AR is too short to effectively win offense against a 6-minute 2nr dump.C~ Yes RVIs – k2 topic edu by deterring friv violations and forces negs to think twice before skewing the 1AR since they know each shell is another split in the 2N, also k2 reciprocity – T is a unique avenue to the ballot that the aff can’t access – makes T structurally unfair without the RVI which kills fairness. | 9/5/21 |
SEPTOCT - AC - Vaccines v2Tournament: Valley | Round: 2 | Opponent: Seqouia AS | Judge: Maya Xia 1AC – Contention 1: Disease WarWe got lucky with COVID – future pandemics will be much worse and existing provisions in TRIPs are not used —- the status quo can’t solve.Nancy S. Jecker and Caesar A. Atuire 21. *Department of Bioethics and Humanities, University of Washington School of Medicine, Department of Philosophy, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park, Gauteng, South Africa, "What’s yours is ours: waiving intellectual property protections for COVID-19 vaccines," Journal of Medical Ethics, July 6, 2021, https://jme.bmj.com/content/medethics/early/2021/07/06/medethics-2021-107555.full.pdf., RJP, DebateDrills. AND analysis, a temporary waiver of IP protections is the world’s best bet. Developing countries need assistance – it’s time for the U.S. to step up to the plate and do its jobStone 21 – Judy Stone is an Infectious Disease specialist; "Covid Vaccine Equity - Developing Countries Need Our Help"; Forbes, May 11, 2021; https://www.forbes.com/sites/judystone/2021/05/11/vaccine-equitydeveloping-countries-need-our-help/?sh=10939a363ec8 advay AND who are donating supplies while the US has been sitting on the sidelines. It’s not too late—-COVID will continue across the developing worlds for years to come. Plus, the plan helps for black swan future pandemics.Brink Lindsey 21. Vice President, Niskanen Center; Writes for Brookings, "Why Intellectual Property and Pandemics Don’t Mix," Brookings, June 3, 2021, https://www.brookings.edu/blog/up-front/2021/06/03/why-intellectual-property-and-pandemics-dont-mix/, RJP, DebateDrills. AND crisis should be viewed from the perspective of getting ready for next time. A temporary waiver is sufficient—-it creates momentum for America to repeat against harsher future pandemics which spills overNancy S. Jecker and Caesar A. Atuire 21. *Department of Bioethics and Humanities, University of Washington School of Medicine, Department of Philosophy, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park, Gauteng, South Africa, "What’s yours is ours: waiving intellectual property protections for COVID-19 vaccines," Journal of Medical Ethics, July 6, 2021, https://jme.bmj.com/content/medethics/early/2021/07/06/medethics-2021-107555.full.pdf., RJP, DebateDrills. AND contribute to the fill-and-finish stage of vaccine production.28 Future pandemics at 10x more deadly – absent a solution we’re all going to dieCeballos 5/27 Gerardo Ceballos ~PhD, Dr Gerardo Ceballos is an ecologist and conservationist at the Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico. He is particularly recognized for his influential work on global patterns of distribution of diversity, endemism, and extinction risk in vertebrates. He is also well-known for his contribution to understanding the magnitude and impacts of the sixth mass extinction.~, 5/27/21, "THE SIXTH MASS EXTINCTION AND THE FUTURE OF HUMANITY", Population Matters, https://populationmatters.org/news/2021/05/sixth-mass-extinction-and-future-humanity DD AG AND and civilization. What it is at stake is the future of mankind. 1AC – Contention 2: WTO CredibilityThe new head of the WTO is on track to push for reform and an increased role in the international arena, but is hindered now due to lack of vaccine agreement by nations that will never agreeBaschuk 4-27 – Bryce Baschuk is a Bloomberg Reporter; "WTO Chief Pursues a ‘Hectic’ Agenda to Fix World Trade’s Referee"; Bloomberg, April 27, 2021; https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2021-04-27/wto-chief-pursues-a-hectic-agenda-to-fix-world-trade-s-referee advay AND have some capacity to begin producing vaccines for people living in developing economies. A U.S. patent waiver through WTO mechanism is necessary to revitalize WTO’s credibility, create momentum for further reform, and solve stalemates in current talksMeyer 6-18-21 – David Meyer is the Editor of CEO Daily and a senior writer on Fortune’s European team. Author of the digital rights primer, Control Shift: How Technology Affects You and Your Rights; "The WTO’s survival hinges on the COVID-19 vaccine patent debate, waiver advocates warn"; Fortune, June 18, 2021. https://fortune.com/2021/06/18/wto-covid-vaccines-patents-waiver-south-africa-trips/ advay AND impact not in starting discussions but in getting deals over the finish line." Post Covid WTO legitimacy and credibility are necessary to prevent a downward spiral of protectionism – U.S. action ensures best implementationSolÃs 20 – Mireya SolÃs is director of the Center for East Asia Policy Studies, Philip Knight Chair in Japan Studies, and a senior fellow in the Foreign Policy program at Brookings; "The post COVID-19 world: Economic nationalism triumphant?"; July 10, 2020; https://www.brookings.edu/blog/order-from-chaos/2020/07/10/the-post-covid-19-world-economic-nationalism-triumphant/ advay AND in the current crisis, Japan has much to contribute to these efforts. Trade solves great power competition – mere perceptual regionalism causes militarized crisesLake 18 – David Lake is a Professor of Social Sciences and Distinguished Professor of Political Science at the University of California, San Diego; "Economic Openness and Great Power Competition: Lessons for China and the United States"; April 30, 2018; https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract'id=3171196/ advay AND politics and grand strategy,14 and systemic theories of international relations.15 Independently, WTO cred solves nuclear war – allows an off-track for nuclear weaponsHamann 09 – Georgia Hamann is a J.D. Candidate, Vanderbilt University Law School, "Replacing Slingshots with Swords: Implications of the Antigua-Gambling 22.6 Panel Report for Developing Countries and the World Trading System"; 2009; advay AND keenly aware of the responsibility they have to uphold the organization's credibility. 108 1AC – Solvency: Public IP HolidayThe patent system for pandemic-related drugs is currently out of balance—-there’s spurious over-patenting under the guise of innovation, which paradoxically hurts innovation by juicing profits. A temporary waiver in the U.S. for pandemics rebalance the system.Brink Lindsey 21. Vice President, Niskanen Center; Writes for Brookings, "Why Intellectual Property and Pandemics Don’t Mix," Brookings, June 3, 2021, https://www.brookings.edu/blog/up-front/2021/06/03/why-intellectual-property-and-pandemics-dont-mix/, RJP, DebateDrills. AND RandD, prizes for targeted inventions, and direct government support. The plan seamlessly shifts to a direct support model during pandemics, which allows pharma companies to profit and innovate while speeding up the process—-that solves but avoids the innovation DA.Brink Lindsey 21. Vice President, Niskanen Center; Writes for Brookings, "Why Intellectual Property and Pandemics Don’t Mix," Brookings, June 3, 2021, https://www.brookings.edu/blog/up-front/2021/06/03/why-intellectual-property-and-pandemics-dont-mix/, RJP, DebateDrills. AND , predetermined quantities at prices set high enough to guarantee a healthy return. Thus the plan: The United States of America ought to reduce intellectual property protections for the COVID-19 vaccine. The plan’s implemented through a COVID waiver for the U.S.— that’s Moderna, Pfizer-BioNTech, Johnson and Johnson/Janssen The plan bolsters the number of vaccines—-arguments about supply and logistics are empirically disproven.Nancy S. Jecker and Caesar A. Atuire 21. *Department of Bioethics and Humanities, University of Washington School of Medicine, Department of Philosophy, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park, Gauteng, South Africa, "What’s yours is ours: waiving intellectual property protections for COVID-19 vaccines," Journal of Medical Ethics, July 6, 2021, https://jme.bmj.com/content/medethics/early/2021/07/06/medethics-2021-107555.full.pdf., RJP, DebateDrills. AND will be African—continue to import 99 of its vaccine?’18 1AC – FrameworkThe standard is maximizing expected wellbeing.Prefer it:1~ Actor specificity:A~ Aggregation – every policy benefits some and harms others, which also means side constraints freeze action. | 9/25/21 |
SEPTOCT - AC - Vaccines v4Tournament: Meadows | Round: 5 | Opponent: Interlake DB | Judge: Taisei Summerhays 1AC – Contention 1We got lucky with COVID – future pandemics will be much worse and existing provisions in TRIPs are not used —- the status quo can’t solve.Nancy S. Jecker and Caesar A. Atuire 21. *Department of Bioethics and Humanities, University of Washington School of Medicine, Department of Philosophy, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park, Gauteng, South Africa, "What’s yours is ours: waiving intellectual property protections for COVID-19 vaccines," Journal of Medical Ethics, July 6, 2021, https://jme.bmj.com/content/medethics/early/2021/07/06/medethics-2021-107555.full.pdf., RJP, DebateDrills. AND analysis, a temporary waiver of IP protections is the world’s best bet. Developing countries need assistance – it’s time for the U.S. to step up to the plate and do its jobStone 21 – Judy Stone is an Infectious Disease specialist; "Covid Vaccine Equity - Developing Countries Need Our Help"; Forbes, May 11, 2021; https://www.forbes.com/sites/judystone/2021/05/11/vaccine-equitydeveloping-countries-need-our-help/?sh=10939a363ec8 advay AND who are donating supplies while the US has been sitting on the sidelines. It’s not too late—-COVID will continue across the developing worlds for years to come. Plus, the plan helps for black swan future pandemics.Brink Lindsey 21. Vice President, Niskanen Center; Writes for Brookings, "Why Intellectual Property and Pandemics Don’t Mix," Brookings, June 3, 2021, https://www.brookings.edu/blog/up-front/2021/06/03/why-intellectual-property-and-pandemics-dont-mix/, RJP, DebateDrills. AND crisis should be viewed from the perspective of getting ready for next time. A temporary waiver is sufficient—-it creates momentum for America to repeat against harsher future pandemics which spills overNancy S. Jecker and Caesar A. Atuire 21. *Department of Bioethics and Humanities, University of Washington School of Medicine, Department of Philosophy, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park, Gauteng, South Africa, "What’s yours is ours: waiving intellectual property protections for COVID-19 vaccines," Journal of Medical Ethics, July 6, 2021, https://jme.bmj.com/content/medethics/early/2021/07/06/medethics-2021-107555.full.pdf., RJP, DebateDrills. AND contribute to the fill-and-finish stage of vaccine production.28 Future pandemics at 10x more deadly – absent a solution we’re all going to dieCeballos 5/27 Gerardo Ceballos ~PhD, Dr Gerardo Ceballos is an ecologist and conservationist at the Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico. He is particularly recognized for his influential work on global patterns of distribution of diversity, endemism, and extinction risk in vertebrates. He is also well-known for his contribution to understanding the magnitude and impacts of the sixth mass extinction.~, 5/27/21, "THE SIXTH MASS EXTINCTION AND THE FUTURE OF HUMANITY", Population Matters, https://populationmatters.org/news/2021/05/sixth-mass-extinction-and-future-humanity DD AG AND and civilization. What it is at stake is the future of mankind. 1AC – Contention 2US primacy is hurt by blocking the vaccinePC 5-3 – Public Citizen is a non-profit, progressive consumer rights advocacy group and think tank based in Washington, D.C., United States) "Don’t Buy Pharma’s Latest Distraction: A Temporary WTO IP Waiver for COVID Meds Would Not Hand "U.S. mRNA Technology" to China," May 3, 2021. https://www.citizen.org/article/dont-buy-pharmas-latest-distraction-a-temporary-wto-ip-waiver-for-covid-meds-would-not-hand-u-s-mrna-technology-to-china/ advay AND a waiver these countries consider necessary for their populations to also obtain vaccines. Vaccine diplomacy is key to US spheres of influence – the aff creates incentives for other countries to align with US primacySmith 21, "Russia and China are beating the U.S. at vaccine diplomacy, experts say", NBC News, 4/2, Alexander Smith: He is a senior reporter at NBC News Digital, where he has worked since 2013. He won an Emmy in 2015 as part of the team that covered the downing of Malaysia Airlines flight MH17. In 2017 he won the Society of Professional Journalists' Sigma Delta Chi Award as part of the NBC News Digital team covering the Brussels terror attacks, URL: https://www.nbcnews.com/news/world/russia-china-are-beating-u-s-vaccine-diplomacy-experts-say-n1262742, KR AND Demarais said. The Bolivian presidency didn't respond to a request for comment. Absent the plan we risk great power war with China – transition to multipolarity is unstable and collapses deterrenceForsyth 19 ~Jim Forsyth currently serves as dean of Air Command and Staff College, Maxwell AFB, Alabama. He earned his PhD from the University of Denver, Josef Korbel School of International Studies. He has written and published extensively on great power war, intervention, and nuclear issues. "Through the Glass—Darker", Strategic Studies Quarterly , Vol. 13, No. 4 (WINTER 2019), pp. 18-36, JSTOR~recut SLC PK AND could be dragged into a conflict involving one or more of their allies. US-China war goes nuclear.~Caitlin Talmadge (10-15-2018), PhD in Political Science from MIT, BA in Government from Harvard, Professor of Security Studies at Georgetown University, "Beijing’s Nuclear Option," Foreign Affairs, https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/china/2018-10-15/beijings-nuclear-option~~//recut SLC PK AND and military tensions that might lead to a conflict in the first place. US-China war causes extinction.Wittner, PhD, 12 AND that of the world, they should be working to encourage these policies. 1AC – SolvencyThe patent system for pandemic-related drugs is currently out of balance—-there’s spurious over-patenting under the guise of innovation, which paradoxically hurts innovation by juicing profits. A temporary waiver in the U.S. for pandemics rebalance the system.Brink Lindsey 21. Vice President, Niskanen Center; Writes for Brookings, "Why Intellectual Property and Pandemics Don’t Mix," Brookings, June 3, 2021, https://www.brookings.edu/blog/up-front/2021/06/03/why-intellectual-property-and-pandemics-dont-mix/, RJP, DebateDrills. AND RandD, prizes for targeted inventions, and direct government support. The plan seamlessly shifts to a direct support model during pandemics, which allows pharma companies to profit and innovate while speeding up the process—-that solves but avoids the innovation DA.Brink Lindsey 21. Vice President, Niskanen Center; Writes for Brookings, "Why Intellectual Property and Pandemics Don’t Mix," Brookings, June 3, 2021, https://www.brookings.edu/blog/up-front/2021/06/03/why-intellectual-property-and-pandemics-dont-mix/, RJP, DebateDrills. AND , predetermined quantities at prices set high enough to guarantee a healthy return. Thus the plan: The United States of America ought to reduce intellectual property protections for the COVID-19 vaccine. The plan’s implemented through a COVID waiver for the U.S.— that’s Moderna, Pfizer-BioNTech, Johnson and Johnson/Janssen The plan bolsters the number of vaccines—-arguments about supply and logistics are empirically disproven.Nancy S. Jecker and Caesar A. Atuire 21. *Department of Bioethics and Humanities, University of Washington School of Medicine, Department of Philosophy, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park, Gauteng, South Africa, "What’s yours is ours: waiving intellectual property protections for COVID-19 vaccines," Journal of Medical Ethics, July 6, 2021, https://jme.bmj.com/content/medethics/early/2021/07/06/medethics-2021-107555.full.pdf., RJP, DebateDrills. AND will be African—continue to import 99 of its vaccine?’18 FWThe standard is maximizing expected wellbeing.Prefer it:1~ Actor specificity:A~ Aggregation – every policy benefits some and harms others, which also means side constraints freeze action.B~ No act-omission distinction – choosing to omit is an act itself – governments decide not to act which means being presented with the aff creates a choice between two actions, neither of which is an omissionC~ No intent-foresight distinction – If we foresee a consequence, then it becomes part of our deliberation which makes it intrinsic to our action since we intend it to happeno/w 2~ Extinction comes first!Pummer 15 ~Theron, Junior Research Fellow in Philosophy at St. Anne's College, University of Oxford. "Moral Agreement on Saving the World" Practical Ethics, University of Oxford. May 18, 2015~ AT AND be acting very wrongly." (From chapter 36 of On What Matters) 3~ Only consequentialism explains degrees of wrongness—if I break a promise to meet up for lunch, that is not as bad as breaking a promise to take a dying person to the hospital. Only the consequences of breaking the promise explain why the second one is much worse than the first. | 12/29/21 |
Open Source
| Filename | Date | Uploaded By | Delete |
|---|---|---|---|
11/13/21 | nathanliu1203@gmailcom |
| |
9/5/21 | nathanliu1203@gmailcom |
| |
9/5/21 | nathanliu1203@gmailcom |
| |
10/31/21 | nathanliu1203@gmailcom |
| |
11/1/21 | nathanliu1203@gmailcom |
| |
12/29/21 | nathanliu1203@gmailcom |
| |
1/22/22 | nathanliu1203@gmailcom |
| |
9/25/21 | nathanliu1203@gmailcom |
|