Tournament: Heart of Texas Invitational | Round: 2 | Opponent: Harvard-Westlake EJ | Judge: Mohul Aggarwal
The standard is maximizing expected well-being – Prefer
A – Aggregation – all policies benefit some and hurts others – only util can resolve these cuz it gives a clear weighing mechanism
COVID-19 has heightened and exposed vulnerabilities for bioterror
Trushar and D'Souza 7/21
Trushar R. Patel Associate Professor and Canada Research Chair, and Michael Hilary D'Souza Masters Student. "Coronavirus Is Not a Bioweapon - but Bioterrorism Is a Real Future Threat." The Conversation, 8 July 2021, theconversation.com/coronavirus-is-not-a-bioweapon-but-bioterrorism-is-a-real-future-threat-135984. Phoenix
The pandemic's effect on the world isn't a conventional attack on government targets or the
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can be masked by developments in medical industry, health and agricultural research.
IPR gives patent holders complete control of solutions and forces responses to go through a deep, slow bureaucratic process creating a near-impossible obstacle course for any bioterror solutions
Oriola 7
Taiwo A. Oriola (Cardiff Law School, and the ESRC Centre for Business Relationships, Accountability, Sustainability, and Society, University of Cardiff, United Kingdom). "AGAINST THE PLAGUE: EXEMPTION OF PHARMACEUTICAL PATENT RIGHTS AS A BIOSECURITY STRATEGY." JOURNAL OF LAW, TECHNOLOGY and POL ICY. 2007.. http://illinoisjltp.com/journal/wp content/uploads/2013/10/05 05 08_Oriola_AHW_Formatted_FINAL.pdf Phoenix weird formatting probably due to OCR
B. The Propriety of Article 30 of the TRIPS Agreement for Bi0terrorism- Induced
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for unreasonably conflicting with the normal exploitation of the pharmaceutical patent in question.
====Biotech advancements allow for bioweapons to wipe out all of humanity by combining traits – the brink is now before the weapons are too powerful ====
Millett and Snyder-Beattie 17 (Piers Millett and Andrew Snyder-Beattie; 2017; Health Security, Volume 15, Number 4; "Existential Risk and Cost-Effective Biosecurity"; accessed 8/13/21; https://www.liebertpub.com/doi/pdf/10.1089/hs.2017.0028**; Piers Millett, PhD, is a Senior Research Fellow, and Andrew Snyder-Beattie, MS, is Director of Research; both at the University of Oxford, Future of Humanity Institute, Oxford, England.; page 374) HB rc Phoenix
In the modern context, no single disease currently exists that combines the worst-
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becomes more accessible and the pool of experienced users grows.31,3
Bunis 6/21
Bunis, Dena. "Drug Price Increases Continue to Outpace Inflation." AARP, 7 June 2021, www.aarp.org/politics-society/advocacy/info-2021/prescription-price-increase-report.html. Phoenix
Retail prices for some of the most widely used brand name prescription drugs continue to
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more than the $29,650 average annual income for Medicare beneficiaries.
IPR skyrockets prices by stifling competition and granting exclusivity
Hickey et. al 3/21
Hickey, Kevin, et al. Drug Pricing and Intellectual Property: The Legislative Landscape for the 117th Congress. 31 Mar. 2021. https://sgp.fas.org/crs/misc/R46741.pdf Phoenix
Intellectual property (IP) rights play an important role in the development and pricing
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IP rights are often among the most important factors driving high drug prices.
Bhatt '8
— member at Landman Corsi Ballaine and Ford ~Tina S., Amending TRIPS: A New Hope for Increased Access to Essential Medicines, 33 Brook. J. Int'l L., 2008, https://brooklynworks.brooklaw.edu/bjil/vol33/iss2/6, accessed 8-1-21~ rc Phoenix
Eighty percent of people in low- and middle-income countries that need antiretroviral
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as contributing to the price drops that have occurred within the last few years
Plater 8/21
Plater, Roz. "Unvaccinated People Are Fueling Coronavirus Variants." Healthline, Healthline Media, 10 Aug. 2021, www.healthline.com/health-news/unvaccinated-people-are-increasing-the-chances-for-more-coronavirus-variants-heres-how~#Millions-unvaccinated. Phoenix
Experts say the number of unvaccinated people in the United States is a key reason
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is easy for it to mutate into a more contagious and virulent form."
And COVID is an impact magnifier for the laundry list – climate change, overheating, and pandemic variants pull the trigger on extinction
McPherson 20
~Guy R McPherson, Professor Emeritus, University of Arizona, "Will COVID-19 Trigger Extinction of All Life on Earth?" Eart and Envi Scie Res and Rev, 2020, https://opastonline.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/will-covid-19-trigger-extinction-of-all-life-on-earth-eesrr-20-.pdf, y2k, reformatted by a^c~
The cooling effect is "nearly twice what scientists previously thought," and the paper
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that a microscopic virus could pull the trigger on our extinction ~15~.
The pandemic is raging across the globe – vaccines are our only safeguard
Steenhuysen 7/21
Julie Steenhuysen, Alistair Smout and Ari Rabinovitch Reuters, 7-26, 21, How the Delta Variant Upends Assumptions About the Coronavirus, https://www.usnews.com/news/top-news/articles/2021-07-26/how-the-delta-variant-upends-assumptions-about-the-coronavirus Phoenix
The Delta variant is the fastest, fittest and most formidable version of the coronavirus
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transmission against prior coronavirus variants. "We got spoiled," he said.
TRIPS creates unchecked variants and a deep inequality – waiver is needed
Gupta and Namboodiri 2021
~Vineeta, Sreenath, Health Affairs, "America And The TRIPS Waiver: You Can Talk The Talk, But Will You Walk The Walk?" July 13, https://www.healthaffairs.org/do/10.1377/hblog20210712.248782/full/ Phoenix
The TRIPS waiver is critical to combating the COVID-19 pandemic around the world
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low- and middle-income countries (LMIC) will only widen.
WHO 7/21
World Health Organization, July 22, 2021, https://www.who.int/news/item/22-07-2021-vaccine-inequity-undermining-global-economic-recovery, Vaccine inequity undermining global economic recovery Phoenix
New Global Dashboard on COVID-19 Vaccine Equity finds low-income countries would
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all countries and risks reversing hard won progress on the Sustainable Development Goals.
Elhefnawy 11 Nader Elhefnawy (professor of English at the University of Miami, writer on IR published in peer-reviewed journals including International Security, Astropolitics, and Survival). "Twenty Years After the Cold War: A Strategic Survey," Parameters, The U.S. Army War College Quarterly. Spring 2011. http://strategicstudiesinstitute.army.mil/pubs/parameters/Articles/2011spring/Ehlefnawy.pdf
Relative calm has prevailed among the great powers since the demise of the Soviet Union
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to the United States' freedom of action if such events ever do materialize.
Talmadge 18 ~Caitlin Talmadge is Associate Professor of Security Studies at the Edmund A. Walsh School of Foreign Service at Georgetown University. This essay is adapted from "Would China Go Nuclear? Assessing the Risk of Chinese Nuclear Escalation in a Conventional War With the United States," International Security, Spring 2017. Beijing's Nuclear Option: Why a U.S.-Chinese War Could Spiral Out of Control. 2018. https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/china/2018-10-15/beijings-nuclear-option~~
As China's power has grown in recent years, so, too, has the
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, Libya, and Serbia, none of which was a nuclear power.
Edwards 17 ~Paul N. Edwards, CISAC's William J. Perry Fellow in International Security at Stanford's Freeman Spogli Institute for International Studies. Being interviewed by EarthSky. How nuclear war would affect Earth's climate. September 8, 2017. earthsky.org/human-world/how-nuclear-war-would-affect-earths-climate~ Note, we are only reading parts of the interview that are directly from Paul Edwards — MMG
In the nuclear conversation, what are we not talking about that we should be
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two nuclear powers would stay limited to these smaller, less destructive bombs.
Oriola 7
Taiwo A. Oriola (Cardiff Law School, and the ESRC Centre for Business Relationships, Accountability, Sustainability, and Society, University of Cardiff, United Kingdom). "AGAINST THE PLAGUE: EXEMPTION OF PHARMACEUTICAL PATENT RIGHTS AS A BIOSECURITY STRATEGY." JOURNAL OF LAW, TECHNOLOGY and POL ICY. 2007.. http://illinoisjltp.com/journal/wp content/uploads/2013/10/05 05 08_Oriola_AHW_Formatted_FINAL.pdf Phoenix
Time is of the essence in getting crucial drugs to victims of bioterrorism attacks to
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of the contemporary patent regime, and the TRIPS access to medicines paradigms.
Boustany '18
Charles Boustany is a retired physician and former congressman from Louisiana, August 9, 2018, http://fortune.com/2018/08/09/trump-drugs-prices-pharmaceutical-research/ Americans Fund Most of the World's Drug Research. Here's How Trump Can End That Phoenix
If U.S. companies earned more revenue from foreign nations, then the
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market competition works. It delivers cutting-edge medicines at reasonable prices.
Erfani et al, 21
(Parsa Erfani, Fogarty global health scholar1 2, Agnes Binagwaho, vice chancellor2
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been "other people's" problem. It is not. It is our