AC Kant NC Util FW Innovation DA 1AR Cons Independent Voter No Contesting Framework or Offense Theory Kant NR All 2AR Cons Independent Voter No Contesting Framework or Offense Theory
Greenhill
3
Opponent: HS SLC OW | Judge: Goel, Arya
AC Rawls NC HIF CP Dollar Dominance DA Innovation DA 1AR All NR HIF CP Dollar Dominance DA 2AR All
Greenhill
6
Opponent: Lexington AT | Judge: Quisenberry, Jack
AC Trade Secrets NC Neolib K Innovation DA HIF CP 1AR Condo All NR Condo Innovation DA HIF CP 2AR
Greenhill RR
4
Opponent: Harrison AA | Judge: Smith, Elijah Guerrero, Sim
AC Racial Cap NC Neolib K Trade DA UHC CP 1AR Condo All NR Condo Neolib K 2AR Condo
AC CRISPR NC Innovation DA CRISPR Guidelines CP Nebel T 1AR Condo All NR Condo Innovation DA CRIPSR Guidelines 2AR Case
Meadows
2
Opponent: Lexington FM | Judge: Cortez, Ben
AC Kant w Trade Secrets Democracy Adv NC HIF CP Bioterror DA Neolib K 1AR Not Loud Enough Theory NR K Theory 2AR Theory
Meadows
3
Opponent: Proof DR | Judge: Krauss, Gordon
AC Evergreening NC MSF CP Neolib K Nebel T Innovation DA 1AR Theory All NR K A2 Theory 2AR Nebel T Bad Vague Alts Bad
Meadows
6
Opponent: San Mateo YR | Judge: Croitoru, Jared
AC Race War K NC T Framework Race War Word PIC Non-Violent CP Solvo Advo Theory 1AR All NR Non-Violent CP 2AR Impact Turns on Framework
Meadows
Doubles
Opponent: Harvard-Westlake IC | Judge: Fagan, Donald Dosch, David Mizrahi, Lena
AC COVID NC Compulsory Licensing CP Innovation DA Neolib K 1AR Condo All NR Compulsory Licensing CP Innovation DA 2AR All (Subst)
Meadows
Octas
Opponent: Lexington AK | Judge: Mizrahi, Lena Krauss, Gordon Gonzalez, Gabriela
AC Kant w COVID Adv NC Neolib K Innovation DA Compulsory Licensing CP Must Have Plan Text Theory 1AR Condo Kant Offense NR Innovation DA Kant Turns 2AR Kant
Presentation
1
Opponent: Harker PGo | Judge: Fox, Patrick
AC Future Pandemics NC HIF CP Innovation DA Neolib K 1AR Condo All NR A2 Condo HIF CP Innovation DA 2AR Case
Presentation
4
Opponent: Sage MP | Judge: Fleming, Nick
AC Jordan NC T Plural Neolib K Jordan Econ CP Innovation DA 1AR Condo All NR T 2ar A2 T
Presentation
6
Opponent: Proof DR | Judge: Malyugina, Emmiee
AC Evergreening NC T Nebel MSF CP Innovation DA Neolib K 1AR All Vague Alts NR MSF CP Innovation DA 2AR Vague Alts
Presentation RR
1
Opponent: Archbishop Mitty AS | Judge: Chaudhary, Vishan
AC Data Exclusivity NC HIF CP Innovation DA Neolib K T All IP 1AR All NR K 2AR All
Presentation RR
3
Opponent: Saratoga AG | Judge: Clark, Quentin
AC US Cancer NC Nebel T HIF CP Innovation DA Neolib K 1AR Condo Vague Alts All NR Neolib K 2AR All
Presentation RR
5
Opponent: Harker AR | Judge: McLoughlin, Samantha
AC Future Pandemics AC NC Lindsay CP Innovation DA Neolib K 1AR All NR Condo Lindsay CP Innovation DA 2AR All (Substance)
AC Weed NC US PIC Infrastructure DA Neolib K Nebel T 1AR All NR Neolib K 2AR All
St Marks
4
Opponent: Immaculate Heart JL | Judge: Fleming, Nick
AC CRISPR NC Innovation DA CRISPR Guidelines CP Nebel T 1AR Condo Vague CPs All NR Innovation DA CRISPR Guidelines CP 2AR All (Subst)
St Marks
6
Opponent: Strake Jesuit KS | Judge: He, Eric
AC Kant w COVID Adv NC COVID PIC Innovation DA Neolib K 1AR PICs Condo Condo Ethics Solvo Advo Theory Covid Adv NR Neolib K 2AR PICs
St Marks
Semis
Opponent: Lexington AK | Judge: Smith, Collin He, Eric Manglik, Akshay
AC Kant w Covid NC Neolib K Vax Equity CP Innovation DA 1AR Util Subst Condo NR Vax Equity CP Innovation DA 2AR All (Subst)
the open source btw is being weird and showing up as quarters of St Marks rather than semi's
St Marks
Finals
Opponent: Harker DS | Judge: He, Eric Hsu, Jonathan Larson, Sam
AC Trade Secrets NC Agent IP T Neolib K Germany CP Innovation DA Nebel T 1AR All NR Agent IP T 2AR T
hi
1
Opponent: why | Judge: hello
Check cites for my contact info )
To modify or delete round reports, edit the associated round.
Cites
Entry
Date
0 - Contact Info
Tournament: hi | Round: 1 | Opponent: why | Judge: hello Pronouns: she/her Email, for questions before round: wyethrenwick24@marlborough.org Email, for email chain: wzrenwick@icloud.com
9/19/21
ND - CP - US Aid to Egypt
Tournament: Glenbrooks | Round: 6 | Opponent: Westwood AG | Judge: Strong, Margaret Counterplan: The United States should reverse its withholding of $130 million to the Arab Republic of Egypt.
11/21/21
ND - CP - Worker Self-Directed Enterprises
Tournament: Glenbrooks | Round: 1 | Opponent: Westridge KY | Judge: Mizrahi, Lena Plan text: Firms should be transformed into worker self-directed enterprises. Wolff ND - Richard D. Wolff professor of economics emeritus at the University of Massachusetts, Amherst and a visiting professor at the New School in New York City. He has also taught economics at Yale University, the City University of New York, and the University of Paris I (Sorbonne), “Start with Worker Self-Directed Enterprises,” The Next System Project. https://thenextsystem.org/sites/default/files/2017-08/RickWolff.pdf AT We therefore propose AND the capitalist sector.
Empirics prove prove that self-directed firms are more democratic and successful. Jerry Ashton, 13 - ("The Worker Self-Directed Enterprise: A "Cure" for Capitalism, or a Slippery Slope to Socialism?," HuffPost, 1-2-2013, accessed 11-16-2021, https://www.huffpost.com/entry/worker-self-directed-enterprise_b_2385334)//MS Decidedly so, Wolff AND benefits and risks." ¶
11/20/21
ND - DA - Econ
Tournament: Glenbrooks | Round: 1 | Opponent: Westridge KY | Judge: Mizrahi, Lena The economy is steadily recovering now, but is fragile. Rugaber 11/8 - Christopher Rugaber Economics Reporter, Associated Press, “'A struggle and a journey': Report shows US economy recovering,” Christian Science Monitor (Web). Nov. 8, 2021. Accessed Nov. 8, 2021. https://www.csmonitor.com/Business/2021/1108/A-struggle-and-a-journey-Report-shows-US-economy-recovering AT America’s employers accelerated AND months of declines.
Strikes cause widespread economic harm - GM strikes prove. John McElroy, 2019, Strikes Hurt Everybody.Wards Auto Industry News, October 25, https://www.wardsauto.com/ideaxchange/strikes-hurt-everybody But strikes don’t AND fast as possible.
Economic downturns devastate people’s lives. EPI ’09 – Economic Policy Institute, “Economic Scarring: The long-term impacts of the recession,” Economic Policy Institute (Web). Briefing Paper #243. Sept. 30, 2009. Accessed Nov. 8, 2021. https://www.epi.org/publication/bp243/ AT Economic recessions are AND years to come.
Economic decline causes nuclear war – collapses faith in deterrence Tønnesson, 15—Research Professor, Peace Research Institute Oslo; Leader of East Asia Peace program, Uppsala University (Stein, “Deterrence, interdependence and Sino–US peace,” International Area Studies Review, Vol. 18, No. 3, p. 297-311, dml) Several recent works AND disputes and diplomacy.
11/20/21
ND - K - Postwork
Tournament: Glenbrooks | Round: 3 | Opponent: Ayala AM | Judge: Thode, Micah The aff’s refusal to work is not a refusal of work – their endorsement of striking reinforces the belief that withholding labor puts people in a position of power. This reduces humans to labor capital, which causes work-dependency and inhibits alternatives. Hoffmann, 20 (Maja, "Resolving the ‘jobs-environment-dilemma’? The case for critiques of work in sustainability research. Taylor and Francis, 4-1-2020, https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/23251042.2020.1790718)//usc-br/ The societal dependence on work AND in sustainability research.
Work necessitates material throughput and waste that destroys the environment, even when the jobs are ‘green’ Hoffmann, 20 (Maja, "Resolving the ‘jobs-environment-dilemma’? The case for critiques of work in sustainability research. Taylor and Francis, 4-1-2020, https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/23251042.2020.1790718)//usc-br/ An ecological critique of work AND far beyond sustainable limits (Haberl et al. 2009).
Unions are intrinsically invested in labor being good – they don’t strike to get rid of work; they strike to get people back to work. Lundström 14: Lundström, Ragnar; Räthzel, Nora; Uzzell, David {Uzell is Professor (Emeritus) of Environmental Psychology at the University of Surrey with a BA Geography from the University of Liverpool, a PhD Psychology from the University of Surrey, and a MSc in Social Psychology from London School of Economics and Political Science, University of London. Lundstrom is Associate professor at Department of Sociology at Umea University. Rathzel is an Affiliated as professor emerita at Department of Sociology at Umea University.}, 14 - ("Disconnected spaces: introducing environmental perspectives into the trade union agenda top-down and bottom-up," Taylor and Francis, 12-11-2014, https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/23251042.2015.1041212?scroll=topandamp;needAccess=true)//marlborough-wr/ Even though there was AND the hand becomes elusive.
The alternative is rejecting the affirmative to embrace postwork – it questions the centrality of work and ontological attachments to productivity to enable emancipatory transformation of society to an ecologically sustainable form. Your ballot symbolizes an answer to the question of whether work can be used as the solution to social ills. The plan doesn’t “happen,” and you are conditioned to valorize work – vote neg to interrogate these ideological assumptions. Hoffmann, 20 (Maja, "Resolving the ‘jobs-environment-dilemma’? The case for critiques of work in sustainability research. Taylor and Francis, 4-1-2020, https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/23251042.2020.1790718)//usc-br/ What is postwork? AND for the future.
11/20/21
ND - PIC - Police Unions
Tournament: Glenbrooks | Round: 1 | Opponent: Westridge KY | Judge: Mizrahi, Lena CP Text: A just government should recognize the unconditional right of non-police workers to strike by abolishing police unions. The aff makes police collective bargaining worse and gives more power to police unions. Andrew Grim, 20 Ph.D. candidate in history at the University of Massachusetts Amherst, is at work on a dissertation on anti-police brutality activism in post-WWII Newark - ("What is The Blue Flue and How Has It Increased Police Power," Washington Post, 7-1-2020, 11-2-2021https:www.washingtonpost.com/outlook/2020/07/01/what-is-blue-flu-how-has-it-increased-police-power/)AW This weekend, officers AND concessions from municipalities.
Police unions use collective bargaining to reinforce systems of racism and violence. Clark ‘19 Paul F. Clark School Director and Professor of Labor and Employment Relations, Penn State, 10-10-2019, "Why police unions are not part of the American labor movement," Conversation, https://theconversation.com/why-police-unions-are-not-part-of-the-american-labor-movement-142538accessed 10/20/2021 marlborough jh In the wake of AND the nation at large.
Tournament: Glenbrooks | Round: 6 | Opponent: Westwood AG | Judge: Strong, Margaret Interpretation—the aff may not defend a subset of governments A is an generic indefinite singular. Cohen 01 Ariel Cohen (Ben-Gurion University of the Negev), “On the Generic Use of Indefinite Singulars,” Journal of Semantics 18:3, 2001 https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/188590876.pdf *IS generic = Indefinite Singulars French, then, expresses AND room is¶ square?
Rules readings are always generalized – specific instances are not consistent. Cohen 01 Ariel Cohen (Ben-Gurion University of the Negev), “On the Generic Use of Indefinite Singulars,” Journal of Semantics 18:3, 2001 https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/188590876.pdf In general, as AND avoid hitting something.
That outweighs—only our evidence speaks to how indefinite singulars are interpreted in the context of normative statements like the resolution. This means throw out aff counter-interpretations that are purely descriptive Violation—they specified the member nations of the EU. TVA solves – read as an advantage to whole rez Vote neg: 1 Precision –any deviation justifies the aff arbitrarily jettisoning words in the resolution at their whim which decks negative ground and preparation because the aff is no longer bounded by the resolution. 2 Limits—specifying a government offers huge explosion in the topic since they get permutations of hundreds of governments in the world. Drop the debater to preserve fairness and education – use competing interps –reasonability invites arbitrary judge intervention and a race to the bottom of questionable argumentation Hypothetical neg abuse doesn’t justify aff abuse, and theory checks cheaty CPs No RVIs—it’s your burden to be topical.
11/21/21
SO - CP - CRISPR Guidelines
Tournament: Greenhill RR | Round: 2 | Opponent: Immaculate Heart JL | Judge: Ribera, Claudia Loofbourrow, Wesley Counter plan text: The World Health Organization should harmonize its approach to CRISPR patents and the member nations of the World Trade Organization should follow these guidelines. Marlborough reading yellow. Their own card--Wachowicz 19 (Jessica, a third-year student at the University of Washington School of Law whose primary area of study is emerging technologies and the legal issues associated therewith.) “The Patentability of Gene Editing Technologies such as CRISPR and the Harmonization of Laws Relating to Germline Editing, “ Intellectual Property Breif, 2019 https://digitalcommons.wcl.american.edu/ipbrief/vol10/iss1/2/ RR At present, countries AND concepts of morality.
The counterplan entails that the European Union would comply with the same patent rules as the rest of the WTO which solves the second advantage.
9/19/21
SO - CP - Compulsory Licensing
Tournament: Meadows | Round: Doubles | Opponent: Harvard-Westlake IC | Judge: Fagan, Donald Dosch, David Mizrahi, Lena CP: Member nations of the World Trade Organization ought to declare COVID a national emergency on the basis of public health and issue compulsory licenses for medicines for COVID-19. Member nations should offer regulatory and legal assistance to nations filing a compulsory license. Compulsory licensing solves access- empirics and past precedent Zhuang 2017 (Wei, PhD from the University of Geneva, is currently an associate in the Geneva Office of Van Bael and Bellis. She assists governments in WTO dispute settlement proceedings and advises companies and governments in trade remedy investigations. Prior to joining Van Bael and Bellis, Wei worked in the Legal Affairs Division of the WTO as part of a Secretariat Team on a trade remedy dispute from beginning to end. In addition, she assisted the WTO Secretariat Team in an IP-related dispute, including by contributing to the preliminary rulings. Wei has also gained practical experience as a legal consultant at the United Nations (2010 – 2011), as a legal intern at the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea (2009) and as an associate judicial officer at the Commission for Discipline Inspection (Muchuan Branch) in China. Wei was also a Marie Curie Fellow with the DISSETTLE (Dispute Settlement in Trade: Training in Law and Economics) Programme; a Visiting Fellow at the Lauterpacht Centre for International Law, University of Cambridge, and a Research Fellow at the Max Planck Institute for IP and Competition Law. Interpreting Patent-Related Flexibilities in the TRIIPS Agreement for Facilitating Innovation and Transfer of ESTs, chapter 6 of Intellectual Property Rights and Climate Change Cambridge University Press Pg. 298-304)DR 21 *Note: EST= Environmentally Sound Technologies* Even though there AND with pharmaceutical companies.298
Tournament: St Marks | Round: Finals | Opponent: Harker DS | Judge: He, Eric Hsu, Jonathan Larson, Sam Counterplan: The member states of the European Union ought to adopt Germany’s trade secret law. Adoption of Germany’s law solves the entirety of the aff – it increases whistleblower protections. Von Muellern ‘19 Eva Von Muellern, 8-20-2019, "Germany: New Trade Secrets Law Now in Effect ," SHRM, https://www.shrm.org/resourcesandtools/legal-and-compliance/employment-law/pages/global-germany-trade-secrets-act.aspxJH Germany's Trade Secrets AND to six months.
Solves for uniformity if all EU countries do the same thing.
10/31/21
SO - CP - HIF
Tournament: Greenhill | Round: 3 | Opponent: HS SLC OW | Judge: Goel, Arya Counterplan text: the member nations of the World Trade Organization should implement and fund a Health Impact Fund as per the Hollis and Pogge 08 card The Health Impact Fund would guarantee patent rights and increase profits, while also equalizing the cost of medicines Hollis and Pogge ’08 - Aidan Hollis Associate Professor of Economics, the University of Calgary and Thomas Pogge Leitner Professor of Philosophy and International Affairs, Yale University, “The Health Impact Fund Making New Medicines Accessible for All,” Incentives for Global Health (2008) AT We propose the AND cross national borders.
9/18/21
SO - CP - Jordan Econ CP
Tournament: Presentation | Round: 4 | Opponent: Sage MP | Judge: Fleming, Nick CP: The United States ought to provide development aid and technical assistance in the implementation of economic reforms to the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan. International support is needed to solve Jordan instability - Marlborough reads yellow AC Al-Shami et al 4/13 “Jordan’s Thorny Spring Spells Trouble for the Middle East” Farah Al-Shami, Research Fellow, Arab Reform Initiative (ARI), Tuqa Nusairat, Deputy Director, Rafik Hariri Center for the Middle East - Atlantic Council, Paolo Maggiolini, Associate Researcher, Italian Institute for International Political Studies (ISPI) and Lecturer in History of Islamic Asia, Catholic University of Milan, Bruce Riedel, Senior Fellow, Foreign Policy, Center for Middle East Policy, Center for Security, Strategy, and Technology, Director - The Intelligence Project, Brookings, April 13, 2021 https://www.ispionline.it/en/pubblicazione/jordans-thorny-spring-spells-trouble-middle-east-30024 SM Jordan's image, painstakingly AND is deeply unpopular.”
Tournament: Presentation RR | Round: 5 | Opponent: Harker AR | Judge: McLoughlin, Samantha Counterplan: High-income country governments, backed by the United States, should provide all necessary funding and technology to build manufacturing capacity for emergency use listing medicines during public health emergencies of international concern, fund research and development of those medicines, make advance purchase commitments of those medicines, and buy large number of doses of those medicines at a set price. Lindsay 6/11 - Brink Lindsay, Brookings, 6-11, 2021, Why intellectual property and pandemics don’t mix, https://www.brookings.edu/blog/up-front/2021/06/03/why-intellectual-property-and-pandemics-dont-mix/ Waiving patent protections AND direct government support. CP answers their Gostin card because it enables domestic manufacturing
10/11/21
SO - CP - MSF
Tournament: Presentation | Round: 6 | Opponent: Proof DR | Judge: Malyugina, Emmiee The member nations of the World Trade Organization ought to reform intellectual property protections for medicines using the mechanisms described by MSF ’17.
We allow secondary patents, but only under stricter patentability requirements, which solves innovation and high drug prices. MSF 17: MSF ’17 – Médecins Sans Frontières Doctors Without Borders - Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF) is an international, independent, medical humanitarian organisation that delivers emergency aid to people affected by armed conflict, epidemics, healthcare exclusion and natural or man-made disasters., “A Fair Shot for Vaccine Affordability: Understanding and addressing the effects of patents on access to newer vaccines,” September, 2017. Accessed Aug. 12, 2021. https://msfaccess.org/sites/default/files/2018-06/VAC_report_A20Fair20Shot20for20Vaccine20Affordability_ENG_2017.pdf AT Countries can take AND for new vaccines.75
10/10/21
SO - CP - Non-Violent Protest
Tournament: Meadows | Round: 6 | Opponent: San Mateo YR | Judge: Croitoru, Jared CP Text: Embrace “combat breath” and refuse racism through peaceful rebellion and acts of protest.
The CP solves better. Violent acts of rebellion backfire particularly in racial protest scenarios. They strengthen the stereotypes of race in relation to violence and are easily crushed because they are such a minority. Tyler Cowen, 18 - ("Are peaceful or violent protests more effective?," Marginal REVOLUTION, 11-2-2018, 3-5-2020https:marginalrevolution.com/marginalrevolution/2018/11/peaceful-violent-protests-effective.html)AW Are peaceful or AND not to black voters.
2. They have no reason why specifically violent rebellion is needed. The net benefit is building strength in the image of black citizens. 3. Nonviolent protests are effective without rebuilding the worlds of racial inequality they help to destroy. 4. Nonviolent protest have become increasingly successful. Their evidence is outdated and understates effectiveness. We will insert these charts and quote from the article. Fisher 13 Max Fisher, 13 - ("Peaceful protest is much more effective than violence for toppling dictators," Washington Post, 11-5-2013, 3-5-2020https:www.washingtonpost.com/news/worldviews/wp/2013/11/05/peaceful-protest-is-much-more-effective-than-violence-in-toppling-dictators/)AW Political scientist Erica AND (Erica Chenoweth/YouTube)
10/31/21
SO - CP - UHC
Tournament: Greenhill RR | Round: 4 | Opponent: Harrison AA | Judge: Smith, Elijah Guerrero, Sim CP: The member nations of the World Trade Organization ought to implement a universal healthcare system. Implementing a UHC system gets medicine to the uninsured Goozner PhD 20 Merril Goozner (PhD and literally wrote the book on overpriced drugs, called “The 800$ pill), Winter 2020, "Insulin Should Be Free. Yes, Free.," Democracy Journal, https://democracyjournal.org/magazine/55/insulin-should-be-free-yes-free/ AW Later in the year AND of appropriate quality.”
Medicine needs to made free DIRECTLY – even after IP removal, likely new laws + industry subsidies to keep big pharma in power Goozner PhD 20 Merril Goozner (PhD and literally wrote the book on overpriced drugs, called “The 800$ pill), Winter 2020, "Insulin Should Be Free. Yes, Free.," Democracy Journal, https://democracyjournal.org/magazine/55/insulin-should-be-free-yes-free/ AW But flagrant violations AND are heavily Democratic.
9/17/21
SO - CP - Vax Equity
Tournament: St Marks | Round: Semis | Opponent: Lexington AK | Judge: Smith, Collin He, Eric Manglik, Akshay Counterplan text: The member nations of the World Trade Organization ought to increase Covax support, prioritise trade facilitation, commit to aid for trade, and invest in preparedness. Gonzalez 21 Violeta Gonzalez Behar is head of partnerships, communications, and resource mobilization at the Enhanced Integrated Framework, a sustainable trade multilateral partnership at the World Trade Organization. In this capacity, she leads a global team in helping EIF build strategic partnerships, communicate results, and secure financing for operations in 51 developing economies. “Opinion: 4 ways to promote vaccine equity through trade”. 8-1-2021. Devex. https://www.devex.com/news/opinion-4-ways-to-promote-vaccine-equity-through-trade-100457. Accessed 8-12-2021; MJen Vaccine inequity is AND pandemic inevitably hits.
A waiver for Covid takes too long-~--only the CP solves. Fabricius 6/25 Peter Fabricius institute for security services consultant, 6/20 - ("South Africa: Is Ramaphosa Tripping Over a TRIPS Waiver?," allAfrica, 6/25/2021, accessed 6-30-2021, https://allafrica.com/stories/202106260001.html)//ML His fervour is AND become more self-reliant.
And it competes off the net benefit: the perm wouldn’t solve because it would still link to the Innovation DA.
10/30/21
SO - DA - Dollar Dominance
Tournament: Greenhill | Round: 3 | Opponent: HS SLC OW | Judge: Goel, Arya Dollar centrality high now Watts 6/21 Watts, William. “Why the U.S. Dollar Is Soaring - and What's next - AFTER Fed's Change in Tone.” MarketWatch, MarketWatch, 17 June 2021, www.marketwatch.com/story/soaring-u-s-dollar-sparks-forex-market-rethink-after-fed-shifts-tone-11623955943. Phoenix The U.S. dollar AND asset buying program.
IPR is key for U.S Dollar Centrality – it allows US firms near if not complete monopolies pushing dollars into international markets and stabilizing US financial influence Schwartz ‘19 Schwartz, Herman Mark (2019). American hegemony: intellectual property rights, dollar centrality, and infrastructural power. Review of International Political Economy, (), 1–30. doi:10.1080/09692290.2019.1597754 Phoenix Mechanism one relates AND endogenous sources of decay.
Collapse of dollar centrality decks the US economy, prevents stimulus, and undermines security spending which emboldens China aggression. Zoffer 12 - Josh Zoffer (Legal Intern at the IMF, Yale Law), "Future of Dollar Hegemony", Harvard International Review, July 7, 2012. http://hir.harvard.edu/article/?a=2951 DM Despite the dollar’s AND of the Pacific.
Cannabis legislation costs Biden floortime and kills bipartisanship. Roberts '21 (Chris Roberts; Chris Roberts is an award-winning investigative reporter with bylines in VICE, The Daily Beast, The Guardian, The Verge, Curbed, Forbes, SF Weekly, and others; 2-7-2021; "On Marijuana Reform, Joe Biden Will Disappoint You"; https://whowhatwhy.org/opinion/on-marijuana-reform-joe-biden-will-disappoint-you/, WhoWhatWhy, accessed 9-6-2021; JPark) Democrats control the AND And it shows.
Infrastructure solves the grid – it’s vulnerable now and requires investment Gozdziewski 3/22 - Charles J. Gozdziewski is the American Council of Engineering Companies' (ACEC) Board Chair. He is also the Chairman Emeritus of Hardesty and Hanover in New York where he oversees transportation planning, construction inspection and support services for highways; all types of movable, fixed and railroad bridges; as well as special structures. 2021 (“Our nation's critical infrastructure is dangerously vulnerable”, available online at https://thehill.com/changing-america/opinion/544330-our-nations-critical-infrastructure-is-dangerously-vulnerable?amp, Changing America is a subsidiary of the Hill) The recent historic AND the weeks ahead.
Loss of critical infrastructure causes extinction Friedemann 16 (Alice Friedemann, transportation expert, founder of EnergySkeptic.com and author of “When Trucks Stop Running, Energy and the Future of Transportation,” worked at American Presidential Lines for 22 years, where she developed computer systems to coordinate the transit of cargo between ships, rail, trucks, and consumers, citing Dr. Peter Vincent Pry. Pry is executive director of the Task Force on National and Homeland Security, a Congressional advisory board dedicated to achieving protection of the United States from electromagnetic pulse and other threats. Dr. Pry is also the director of the United States Nuclear Strategy Forum, an advisory body to Congress on policies to counter weapons of mass destruction. Dr. Pry has served on the staffs of the Congressional Commission on the Strategic Posture of the United States, the Commission to Assess the Threat to the U.S. from an EMP Attack, the House Armed Services Committee, as an intelligence officer with the CIA, and as a verification analyst at the U.S. Arms Control and Disarmament Agency. 1-24-16, accessed 1/1/19 “Electromagnetic pulse threat to infrastructure (U.S. House hearings)” http://energyskeptic.com/2016/the-scariest-u-s-house-session-ever-electromagnetic-pulse-and-the-fall-of-civilization/) Modern civilization cannot AND of social order.
10/16/21
SO - DA - Innovation
Tournament: St Marks | Round: Semis | Opponent: Lexington AK | Judge: Smith, Collin He, Eric Manglik, Akshay The pharma industry is strong now but patents are key for continued economic growth. Batell and PhRMA 14: Batell and PhRMA {Battelle is the world’s largest nonprofit independent research and development organization, providing innovative solutions to the world’s most pressing needs through its four global businesses: Laboratory Management, National Security, Energy, Environment and Material Sciences, and Health and Life Sciences. The Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturers of America (PhRMA) represents the country’s leading pharmaceutical research and biotechnology companies, which are devoted to inventing medicines that allow patients to live longer, healthier, and more productive lives.}, 14 – “The U.S. Biopharmaceutical Industry: Perspectives on Future Growth and The Factors That Will Drive It,” http://phrma-docs.phrma.org/sites/default/files/pdf/2014-economic-futures-report.pdf//marlborough-wr// Compared to other AND medicines to patients.
Pharmaceutical innovation is key to protecting against future pandemics, bioterrorism, and antibiotic resistance. Marjanovic and Fejiao ‘20 Marjanovic, Sonja, and Carolina Feijao. Sonja Marjanovic, Ph.D., Judge Business School, University of Cambridge. Carolina Feijao, Ph.D. in biochemistry, University of Cambridge; M.Sc. in quantitive biology, Imperial College London; B.Sc. in biology, University of Lisbon. "Pharmaceutical Innovation for Infectious Disease Management: From Troubleshooting to Sustainable Models of Engagement." (2020). Quality Control As key actors AND under improved innova-tion conditions.
Tournament: Greenhill RR | Round: 2 | Opponent: Immaculate Heart JL | Judge: Ribera, Claudia Loofbourrow, Wesley The pharma industry is strong now but patents are key for continued economic growth. Batell and PhRMA 14: Batell and PhRMA {Battelle is the world’s largest nonprofit independent research and development organization, providing innovative solutions to the world’s most pressing needs through its four global businesses: Laboratory Management, National Security, Energy, Environment and Material Sciences, and Health and Life Sciences. The Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturers of America (PhRMA) represents the country’s leading pharmaceutical research and biotechnology companies, which are devoted to inventing medicines that allow patients to live longer, healthier, and more productive lives.}, 14 – “The U.S. Biopharmaceutical Industry: Perspectives on Future Growth and The Factors That Will Drive It,” http://phrma-docs.phrma.org/sites/default/files/pdf/2014-economic-futures-report.pdf//marlborough-wr// Compared to other AND medicines to patients.
CRISPR’s development cost is especially high. Irvine 19 Alison Irvine science writer, 19 - ("Paying for CRISPR Cures: The Economics of Genetic Therapies," Innovative Genomics Institute (IGI), 12-16-2019, accessed 9-4-2021, https://innovativegenomics.org/blog/paying-for-crispr-cures/)//ML Developing a gene AND over a lifetime.
Reducing patents sets a precedent that spills over to all future diseases – Hopkins 21: Jared S. Hopkins {Jared S. Hopkins is a New York-based reporter for The Wall Street Journal covering the pharmaceutical industry, including companies such as Pfizer Inc. and Merck and Co. He previously was a health-care reporter at Bloomberg News and an investigative reporter at the Chicago Tribune. Jared started his career at The Times-News in Twin Falls, Idaho covering politics. In 2014, he was a finalist for the Livingston Award For Young Journalists for an investigation into charities founded by professional athletes. In 2011, he was a finalist for the Pulitzer Prize in Investigative Reporting for a series about neglect at a residential facility for disabled kids. Jared graduated from the Merrill College of Journalism at the University of Maryland-College Park with a bachelor's degree in journalism}, 21 - ("U.S. Support for Patent Waiver Unlikely to Cost Covid-19 Vaccine Makers in Short Term ," WSJ, 5-7-2021, https://www.wsj.com/articles/u-s-support-for-patent-waiver-unlikely-to-cost-covid-19-vaccine-makers-in-short-term-11620414260)//marlborough-wr/ The Biden administration’s AND is largely symbolic.”
COVID has kept patents and innovation strong, but continued protection is key to innovation by incentivizing biomedical research – it’s also crucial to preventing counterfeit medicines, economic collapse, and fatal diseases, which independently turns case. Macdole and Ezell 4-29: Jaci Mcdole and Stephen Ezell {Jaci McDole is a senior policy analyst covering intellectual property (IP) and innovation policy at the Information Technology and Innovation Foundation (ITIF). She focuses on IP and its correlations to global innovation and trade. McDole holds a double BA in Music Business and Radio-Television with a minor in Marketing, an MS in Education, and a JD with a specialization in intellectual property (Southern Illinois University Carbondale). McDole comes to ITIF from the Institute for Intellectual Property Research, an organization she co-founded to study and further robust global IP policies. Stephen Ezell is vice president, global innovation policy, at the Information Technology and Innovation Foundation (ITIF). He comes to ITIF from Peer Insight, an innovation research and consulting firm he cofounded in 2003 to study the practice of innovation in service industries. At Peer Insight, Ezell led the Global Service Innovation Consortium, published multiple research papers on service innovation, and researched national service innovation policies being implemented by governments worldwide. Prior to forming Peer Insight, Ezell worked in the New Service Development group at the NASDAQ Stock Market, where he spearheaded the creation of the NASDAQ Market Intelligence Desk and the NASDAQ Corporate Services Network, services for NASDAQ-listed corporations. Previously, Ezell cofounded two successful innovation ventures, the high-tech services firm Brivo Systems and Lynx Capital, a boutique investment bank. Ezell holds a B.S. from the School of Foreign Service at Georgetown University, with an honors certificate from Georgetown’s Landegger International Business Diplomacy program.}, 21 - ("Ten Ways Ip Has Enabled Innovations That Have Helped Sustain The World Through The Pandemic," Information Technology and Innovation Foundation, 4-29-2021, https://itif.org/publications/2021/04/29/ten-ways-ip-has-enabled-innovations-have-helped-sustain-world-through)//marlborough-wr/ To better understand AND the COVID-19 pandemic.
Pharmaceutical innovation is key to protecting against future pandemics, bioterrorism, and antibiotic resistance. Marjanovic and Fejiao ‘20 Marjanovic, Sonja, and Carolina Feijao. Sonja Marjanovic, Ph.D., Judge Business School, University of Cambridge. Carolina Feijao, Ph.D. in biochemistry, University of Cambridge; M.Sc. in quantitive biology, Imperial College London; B.Sc. in biology, University of Lisbon. "Pharmaceutical Innovation for Infectious Disease Management: From Troubleshooting to Sustainable Models of Engagement." (2020). Quality Control As key actors in the AND under improved innova-tion conditions.
Tournament: Presentation | Round: 4 | Opponent: Sage MP | Judge: Fleming, Nick COVID has kept patents and innovation strong, but continued protection is key to innovation by incentivizing biomedical research – it’s also crucial to preventing counterfeit medicines, economic collapse, and fatal diseases, which independently turns case. Macdole and Ezell 4-29: Jaci Mcdole and Stephen Ezell {Jaci McDole is a senior policy analyst covering intellectual property (IP) and innovation policy at the Information Technology and Innovation Foundation (ITIF). She focuses on IP and its correlations to global innovation and trade. McDole holds a double BA in Music Business and Radio-Television with a minor in Marketing, an MS in Education, and a JD with a specialization in intellectual property (Southern Illinois University Carbondale). McDole comes to ITIF from the Institute for Intellectual Property Research, an organization she co-founded to study and further robust global IP policies. Stephen Ezell is vice president, global innovation policy, at the Information Technology and Innovation Foundation (ITIF). He comes to ITIF from Peer Insight, an innovation research and consulting firm he cofounded in 2003 to study the practice of innovation in service industries. At Peer Insight, Ezell led the Global Service Innovation Consortium, published multiple research papers on service innovation, and researched national service innovation policies being implemented by governments worldwide. Prior to forming Peer Insight, Ezell worked in the New Service Development group at the NASDAQ Stock Market, where he spearheaded the creation of the NASDAQ Market Intelligence Desk and the NASDAQ Corporate Services Network, services for NASDAQ-listed corporations. Previously, Ezell cofounded two successful innovation ventures, the high-tech services firm Brivo Systems and Lynx Capital, a boutique investment bank. Ezell holds a B.S. from the School of Foreign Service at Georgetown University, with an honors certificate from Georgetown’s Landegger International Business Diplomacy program.}, 21 - ("Ten Ways Ip Has Enabled Innovations That Have Helped Sustain The World Through The Pandemic," Information Technology and Innovation Foundation, 4-29-2021, https://itif.org/publications/2021/04/29/ten-ways-ip-has-enabled-innovations-have-helped-sustain-world-through)//marlborough-wr/ To better understand AND the COVID-19 pandemic.
Data exclusivity is uniquely key to innovation. Lybecker ‘14 Kristina Lybecker {Dr. Kristina M. Lybecker is an Associate Professor of Economics at Colorado College in Colorado Springs, where she is also the Associate Chair of the Department of Economics and Business and the Gerald L. Schlessman Professor of Economics. Dr. Lybecker earned a B.A. in Economics and Latin American Studies from Macalester College and received her Ph.D. in Economics in 2000 from the University of California, Berkeley. Her Dissertation was on “Counterfeit Pharmaceuticals: Product Piracy and the Transition to Stronger Intellectual Property Rights in Developing Countries.”}, 14 - ("When Patents Aren’t Enough: The Case for Data Exclusivity for Biologic Medicines," IPWatchdog, 7-9-2014, https://www.ipwatchdog.com/2014/07/09/patents-arent-enough-data-exclusivity-for-biologic-medicines/id=50318/)//marlborough-wr/ Biologic medicines are AND must protect them.
Pharmaceutical innovation is key to protecting against future pandemics, bioterrorism, and antibiotic resistance. Marjanovic and Fejiao ‘20 Marjanovic, Sonja, and Carolina Feijao. Sonja Marjanovic, Ph.D., Judge Business School, University of Cambridge. Carolina Feijao, Ph.D. in biochemistry, University of Cambridge; M.Sc. in quantitive biology, Imperial College London; B.Sc. in biology, University of Lisbon. "Pharmaceutical Innovation for Infectious Disease Management: From Troubleshooting to Sustainable Models of Engagement." (2020). Quality Control As key actors in the AND improved innova-tion conditions.
Tournament: Presentation | Round: 6 | Opponent: Proof DR | Judge: Malyugina, Emmiee The pharma industry is strong now but patents are key for continued economic growth. Batell and PhRMA 14: Batell and PhRMA {Battelle is the world’s largest nonprofit independent research and development organization, providing innovative solutions to the world’s most pressing needs through its four global businesses: Laboratory Management, National Security, Energy, Environment and Material Sciences, and Health and Life Sciences. The Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturers of America (PhRMA) represents the country’s leading pharmaceutical research and biotechnology companies, which are devoted to inventing medicines that allow patients to live longer, healthier, and more productive lives.}, 14 – “The U.S. Biopharmaceutical Industry: Perspectives on Future Growth and The Factors That Will Drive It,” http://phrma-docs.phrma.org/sites/default/files/pdf/2014-economic-futures-report.pdf//marlborough-wr// Compared to other AND medicines to patients.
Secondary patents in particular are key to generating new treatments to medicines based on existing medicines. Evergreening does not stop production of generic versions of the orginial formulation Christopher M. Holman, senior scholar C-IP2 18 - ("Why Follow-On Pharmaceutical Innovations Should Be Eligible For Patent Protection," Intellectual Property Watch, 9-21-2018, accessed 9-18-2021, https://www.ip-watch.org/2018/09/21/follow-pharmaceutical-innovations-eligible-patent-protection/)//ML Why Protect Follow-On AND patent system itself.¶
10/10/21
SO - DA - Innovation General
Tournament: Greenhill | Round: 3 | Opponent: HS SLC OW | Judge: Goel, Arya The pharma industry is strong now but patents are key for continued economic growth. Batell and PhRMA 14: Batell and PhRMA {Battelle is the world’s largest nonprofit independent research and development organization, providing innovative solutions to the world’s most pressing needs through its four global businesses: Laboratory Management, National Security, Energy, Environment and Material Sciences, and Health and Life Sciences. The Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturers of America (PhRMA) represents the country’s leading pharmaceutical research and biotechnology companies, which are devoted to inventing medicines that allow patients to live longer, healthier, and more productive lives.}, 14 – “The U.S. Biopharmaceutical Industry: Perspectives on Future Growth and The Factors That Will Drive It,” http://phrma-docs.phrma.org/sites/default/files/pdf/2014-economic-futures-report.pdf//marlborough-wr// Compared to other AND medicines to patients.
Reducing patents sets a precedent that spills over to all future diseases – Hopkins 21: Jared S. Hopkins {Jared S. Hopkins is a New York-based reporter for The Wall Street Journal covering the pharmaceutical industry, including companies such as Pfizer Inc. and Merck and Co. He previously was a health-care reporter at Bloomberg News and an investigative reporter at the Chicago Tribune. Jared started his career at The Times-News in Twin Falls, Idaho covering politics. In 2014, he was a finalist for the Livingston Award For Young Journalists for an investigation into charities founded by professional athletes. In 2011, he was a finalist for the Pulitzer Prize in Investigative Reporting for a series about neglect at a residential facility for disabled kids. Jared graduated from the Merrill College of Journalism at the University of Maryland-College Park with a bachelor's degree in journalism}, 21 - ("U.S. Support for Patent Waiver Unlikely to Cost Covid-19 Vaccine Makers in Short Term ," WSJ, 5-7-2021, https://www.wsj.com/articles/u-s-support-for-patent-waiver-unlikely-to-cost-covid-19-vaccine-makers-in-short-term-11620414260)//marlborough-wr/ The Biden administration’s AND is largely symbolic.”
COVID has kept patents and innovation strong, but continued protection is key to innovation by incentivizing biomedical research – it’s also crucial to preventing counterfeit medicines, economic collapse, and fatal diseases, which independently turns case. Macdole and Ezell 4-29: Jaci Mcdole and Stephen Ezell {Jaci McDole is a senior policy analyst covering intellectual property (IP) and innovation policy at the Information Technology and Innovation Foundation (ITIF). She focuses on IP and its correlations to global innovation and trade. McDole holds a double BA in Music Business and Radio-Television with a minor in Marketing, an MS in Education, and a JD with a specialization in intellectual property (Southern Illinois University Carbondale). McDole comes to ITIF from the Institute for Intellectual Property Research, an organization she co-founded to study and further robust global IP policies. Stephen Ezell is vice president, global innovation policy, at the Information Technology and Innovation Foundation (ITIF). He comes to ITIF from Peer Insight, an innovation research and consulting firm he cofounded in 2003 to study the practice of innovation in service industries. At Peer Insight, Ezell led the Global Service Innovation Consortium, published multiple research papers on service innovation, and researched national service innovation policies being implemented by governments worldwide. Prior to forming Peer Insight, Ezell worked in the New Service Development group at the NASDAQ Stock Market, where he spearheaded the creation of the NASDAQ Market Intelligence Desk and the NASDAQ Corporate Services Network, services for NASDAQ-listed corporations. Previously, Ezell cofounded two successful innovation ventures, the high-tech services firm Brivo Systems and Lynx Capital, a boutique investment bank. Ezell holds a B.S. from the School of Foreign Service at Georgetown University, with an honors certificate from Georgetown’s Landegger International Business Diplomacy program.}, 21 - ("Ten Ways Ip Has Enabled Innovations That Have Helped Sustain The World Through The Pandemic," Information Technology and Innovation Foundation, 4-29-2021, https://itif.org/publications/2021/04/29/ten-ways-ip-has-enabled-innovations-have-helped-sustain-world-through)//marlborough-wr/ To better understand AND the COVID-19 pandemic.
Pharmaceutical innovation is key to protecting against future pandemics, bioterrorism, and antibiotic resistance. Marjanovic and Fejiao ‘20 Marjanovic, Sonja, and Carolina Feijao. Sonja Marjanovic, Ph.D., Judge Business School, University of Cambridge. Carolina Feijao, Ph.D. in biochemistry, University of Cambridge; M.Sc. in quantitive biology, Imperial College London; B.Sc. in biology, University of Lisbon. "Pharmaceutical Innovation for Infectious Disease Management: From Troubleshooting to Sustainable Models of Engagement." (2020). Quality Control As key actors in the AND under improved innova-tion conditions.
Tournament: Greenhill | Round: 6 | Opponent: Lexington AT | Judge: Quisenberry, Jack The pharma industry is strong now but patents are key for continued economic growth. Batell and PhRMA 14: Batell and PhRMA {Battelle is the world’s largest nonprofit independent research and development organization, providing innovative solutions to the world’s most pressing needs through its four global businesses: Laboratory Management, National Security, Energy, Environment and Material Sciences, and Health and Life Sciences. The Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturers of America (PhRMA) represents the country’s leading pharmaceutical research and biotechnology companies, which are devoted to inventing medicines that allow patients to live longer, healthier, and more productive lives.}, 14 – “The U.S. Biopharmaceutical Industry: Perspectives on Future Growth and The Factors That Will Drive It,” http://phrma-docs.phrma.org/sites/default/files/pdf/2014-economic-futures-report.pdf//marlborough-wr// Compared to other AND medicines to patients.
COVID has kept patents and innovation strong, but continued protection is key to innovation by incentivizing biomedical research – it’s also crucial to preventing counterfeit medicines, economic collapse, and fatal diseases, which independently turns case. Macdole and Ezell 4-29: Jaci Mcdole and Stephen Ezell {Jaci McDole is a senior policy analyst covering intellectual property (IP) and innovation policy at the Information Technology and Innovation Foundation (ITIF). She focuses on IP and its correlations to global innovation and trade. McDole holds a double BA in Music Business and Radio-Television with a minor in Marketing, an MS in Education, and a JD with a specialization in intellectual property (Southern Illinois University Carbondale). McDole comes to ITIF from the Institute for Intellectual Property Research, an organization she co-founded to study and further robust global IP policies. Stephen Ezell is vice president, global innovation policy, at the Information Technology and Innovation Foundation (ITIF). He comes to ITIF from Peer Insight, an innovation research and consulting firm he cofounded in 2003 to study the practice of innovation in service industries. At Peer Insight, Ezell led the Global Service Innovation Consortium, published multiple research papers on service innovation, and researched national service innovation policies being implemented by governments worldwide. Prior to forming Peer Insight, Ezell worked in the New Service Development group at the NASDAQ Stock Market, where he spearheaded the creation of the NASDAQ Market Intelligence Desk and the NASDAQ Corporate Services Network, services for NASDAQ-listed corporations. Previously, Ezell cofounded two successful innovation ventures, the high-tech services firm Brivo Systems and Lynx Capital, a boutique investment bank. Ezell holds a B.S. from the School of Foreign Service at Georgetown University, with an honors certificate from Georgetown’s Landegger International Business Diplomacy program.}, 21 - ("Ten Ways Ip Has Enabled Innovations That Have Helped Sustain The World Through The Pandemic," Information Technology and Innovation Foundation, 4-29-2021, https://itif.org/publications/2021/04/29/ten-ways-ip-has-enabled-innovations-have-helped-sustain-world-through)//marlborough-wr/ To better understand AND the COVID-19 pandemic.
Trade secrets key to innovation Junge 16 — (Fabian Junge, Law @ Maastricht University, “THE NECESSITY OF EUROPEAN HARMONIZATION IN THE AREA OF TRADE SECRETS”, MAASTRICHT EUROPEAN PRIVATE LAW INSTITUTE WORKING PAPER No. 2016/04, Available Online at https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2839693, accessed 9-15-21, Marlborough-WR) Trade secrets embody AND and manufacture processes.
Pharmaceutical innovation is key to protecting against future pandemics, bioterrorism, and antibiotic resistance. Marjanovic and Fejiao ‘20 Marjanovic, Sonja, and Carolina Feijao. Sonja Marjanovic, Ph.D., Judge Business School, University of Cambridge. Carolina Feijao, Ph.D. in biochemistry, University of Cambridge; M.Sc. in quantitive biology, Imperial College London; B.Sc. in biology, University of Lisbon. "Pharmaceutical Innovation for Infectious Disease Management: From Troubleshooting to Sustainable Models of Engagement." (2020). Quality Control As key actors in AND improved innova-tion conditions.
NOTE: I skipped Marjanovic and Fejiao in this debate, which is why it isn't in the open source for this round, but you can check out the other open sourced docs w/ Innovation DA for that card
9/19/21
SO - DA - Trade
Tournament: Greenhill RR | Round: 4 | Opponent: Harrison AA | Judge: Smith, Elijah Guerrero, Sim The WTO is dying, but the IPR waiver saves it. Stangler 9/10 - Cole Stangler, 9-10, 11, Jacobin, Joe Biden Is Still Fighting a Vaccine Waiver for the Rest of the World, https://jacobinmag.com/2021/09/joe-biden-vaccine-waiver-global-ip-world-trade In May, the AND will it be?”
Trade causes food insecurity, environmental destruction, racist and sexist violence, poverty, exploitation, and destroys investment in public wellbeing. Business hoards the gains. Paul and Gebrial ’21 - The Ecologist, August 25, 2021, Harpreet Kaur Paul and Dalia Gebrial are the curators and editors of Perspectives on a Global Green New Deal, where this article first appeared. https://theecologist.org/2021/aug/25/agribusiness-devastates-our-environment The global food AND the global economy.
Turns case - Free trade leads to massive spread of infectious disease ASU 15 (Arizona State University, cites a new study by Charles Perrings, an ASU professor of environmental economics, “Infectious disease spread is fueled by international trade” December 22 2015, https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2015/12/151222163415.htm) International trade and AND impose on consumers."
9/17/21
SO - FW - Util vs Kant
Tournament: Greenhill | Round: 2 | Opponent: Strake Jesuit JX | Judge: Rereddy, Ishan The standard is consistency with utilitarianism 1 Preventing extinction is the most ethical outcome Bostrom 13 (Nick, Professor at Oxford University, Faculty of Philosophy and Oxford Martin School, Director, Future of Humanity Institute, Director, Oxford Martin Programme on the Impacts of Future Technology University of Oxford, “Existential Risk Prevention as Global Priority”, Global Policy Volume 4, Issue 1, February 2013 AKONG) Some other ethical AND entire human population.
2 Actor specificity – Util is the only moral system available to policymakers. Goodin 95 Robert E. Goodin 95 professor of government at the University of Essex, and professor of philosophy and social and political theory at Australian National University, “Utilitarianism as a Public Philosophy”, Cambridge Studies in Philosophy and Public Policy, May 1995, BE Consider, first, the AND fine-grained for that.
A No intent-foresight distinction – If we foresee a consequence, then it becomes part of our deliberation which makes it intrinsic to our action since we intend it to happen.
3 Pleasure and pain are intrinsically valuable. Moen 16 Ole Martin Moen, Research Fellow in Philosophy at University of Oslo “An Argument for Hedonism” Journal of Value Inquiry (Springer), 50 (2) 2016: 267–281 SJDI, brackets in original Let us start by AND in matters of value. 4 No act-omission distinction – A Psychology – choosing to omit is an act itself – governments decide not to act which means being presented with the aff creates a choice between two actions, neither of which is an omission. B Actor specificity – governments are culpable for omissions because their purpose is to protect the constituency – otherwise they would have no obligation to make murder illegal. Only util can escape culpability in the instance of tradeoffs – i.e. it resolves the trolley problem because a deontological theory would hold you responsible for killing regardless. Actor spec o/w – different agents have different ethical standings that affect their obligations and considerations.
5 Every study of credible social theories concludes consequentialism is good---Scientific studies of biology, evolution, and psychology prove that deontological proclivities are only illogical layovers from evolution Greene 2010 – Joshua, Associate Professor of Social science in the Department of Psychology at Harvard University (The Secret Joke of Kant’s Soul published in Moral Psychology: Historical and Contemporary Readings, accessed: www.fed.cuhk.edu.hk/lchang/material/Evolutionary/Developmental/Greene-KantSoul.pdf) What turn-of-the-millennium AND philosophy in question.
9/18/21
SO - K - Neolib
Tournament: Greenhill RR | Round: 4 | Opponent: Harrison AA | Judge: Smith, Elijah Guerrero, Sim The Aff’s portrayal of a world with reduced IP protections as an “information commons” where health inequality is solved by deregulation perpetuates the neoliberal myth of increased competition ensuring a perfect market Kapczynski 14 (Amy, a Professor of Law at Yale Law School, Faculty Co-Director of the Global Health Justice Partnership, and Faculty Co-Director of the Collaboration for Research Integrity and Transparency. She is also Faculty Co-Director of the Law and Political Economy Project and cofounder of the Law and Political Economy blog. Her areas of research include information policy, intellectual property law, international law, and global health.) “INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY’S LEVIATHAN” Duke Law, Law and Contemporary problems, 2014. https://scholarship.law.duke.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=4710andcontext=lcp BC Over the last decade AND public international law.
Attempts to reform the WTO are neoliberal attempts to sustain the US regime of accumulation – the contradictions of neoliberalism are why credibility is low, not IP protection Bachand 20 (Remi, Professor of International Law, Département des sciences juridiques, member of the Centre d’études sur le droit international et la mondialisation (CÉDIM), Université du Québec à Montréal, Canada) “What’s Behind the WTO Crisis? A Marxist Analysis” The European Journal of International Law, 8/12/2020. https://academic.oup.com/ejil/article-abstract/31/3/857/5920920?redirectedFrom=fulltext BC To offer our own AND model to neoliberalism
Neoliberalism rips apart communal bonds to maintain the illusion that structural inequalities are individual problems – the impact is systemic victim-blaming, poverty, and violence. Smith 12 (Candace, author for Societpages, cites Bruno Amable, Associate Professor of Economics at Paris School of Economics) “Neoliberalism and Individualism: Ego Leads to Interpersonal Violence?” Sociology Lens is the associated site for Sociology Compass, Wiley-Blackwell’s review journal on all fields sociological AT There appears to AND into individual problems.
The alt is to reject the aff in favor of a critique that cultivates educated hope - evaluate the aff and alt on the level of ideological commitments – these policies won’t happen which takes out consequentialism good offense – BUT until we unlearn the assumption that getting government out of the way will let markets flourish and solve all our problems, we'll never be able to engage in robust, communitarian policymaking that truly centers human need and our obligations to others. Wilson 17: Julie A. Wilson {Julie A. Wilson is Associate Professor, Allegheny College, Department of Communication Arts and Theatre. She has a Ph.D. from the University of Minnesota in Critical Media Studies and a M.A. in Comparative Studies in Discourse and Society. Her B.A. came from Macalester College, where she graduated Summa Cum Laude, Phi Beta Kappa}, 17 - ("Neoliberalism (Key Ideas in Media andamp; Cultural Studies): 9781138654631: Media Studies Books @ Amazon.com," Routledge, 7-19-2017, https://books.google.com/books?id=5pouDwAAQBAJandpg=PT29andlpg=PT29anddq=22unlearn+neoliberalism22andsource=blandots=vIhe_sQ1Wkandsig=ACfU3U0i7yO8ittjco_PDzZGO7rxU89CYAandhl=enandsa=Xandved=2ahUKEwiN4631n_ryAhUdCTQIHWLNAzcQ6AF6BAgCEAM#v=onepageandqandf=false)//marlborough-wr/ New Stories for AND living in competition.
9/17/21
SO - K - Neolib V2
Tournament: St Marks | Round: Finals | Opponent: Harker DS | Judge: He, Eric Hsu, Jonathan Larson, Sam The Aff’s portrayal of a world with reduced IP protections as an “information commons” where pandemics are solved by deregulation appears anti-neoliberal but actually perpetuates the neoliberal myth of increased competition ensuring a perfect market Kapczynski 14 (Amy, a Professor of Law at Yale Law School, Faculty Co-Director of the Global Health Justice Partnership, and Faculty Co-Director of the Collaboration for Research Integrity and Transparency. She is also Faculty Co-Director of the Law and Political Economy Project and cofounder of the Law and Political Economy blog. Her areas of research include information policy, intellectual property law, international law, and global health.) “INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY’S LEVIATHAN” Duke Law, Law and Contemporary problems, 2014. https://scholarship.law.duke.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=4710andcontext=lcp BC Over the last decade AND public international law.
The tag to their Abazi 16 card proves this – it literally says that “whistleblowing protections are key to preserving market dynamics”
Neoliberalism makes ethics impossible, causes perpetual crisis, mass structural violence and environmental destruction. Werlhof 15 – Claudia, Professor of Political Science/Women's Studies, University Innsbruck (Austria), 2015 (“Neoliberal Globalization: Is There an Alternative to Plundering the Earth?” Global Research, May 25th, Available Online at http://www.globalresearch.ca/neoliberal-globalization-is-there-an-alternative-to-plundering-the-earth/24403) At the center AND the new militarism.
The alt is to reject the aff in favor of a critique that cultivates educated hope - evaluate the aff and alt on the level of ideological commitments – these policies won’t happen which takes out consequentialism good offense – BUT until we unlearn the assumption that getting government out of the way will let markets flourish and solve all our problems, we'll never be able to engage in robust, communitarian policymaking that truly centers human need and our obligations to others. Wilson 17: Julie A. Wilson {Julie A. Wilson is Associate Professor, Allegheny College, Department of Communication Arts and Theatre. She has a Ph.D. from the University of Minnesota in Critical Media Studies and a M.A. in Comparative Studies in Discourse and Society. Her B.A. came from Macalester College, where she graduated Summa Cum Laude, Phi Beta Kappa}, 17 - ("Neoliberalism (Key Ideas in Media andamp; Cultural Studies): 9781138654631: Media Studies Books @ Amazon.com," Routledge, 7-19-2017, https://books.google.com/books?id=5pouDwAAQBAJandpg=PT29andlpg=PT29anddq=22unlearn+neoliberalism22andsource=blandots=vIhe_sQ1Wkandsig=ACfU3U0i7yO8ittjco_PDzZGO7rxU89CYAandhl=enandsa=Xandved=2ahUKEwiN4631n_ryAhUdCTQIHWLNAzcQ6AF6BAgCEAM#v=onepageandqandf=false)//marlborough-wr/ New Stories for AND living in competition.
10/31/21
SO - PIC - COVID
Tournament: St Marks | Round: 6 | Opponent: Strake Jesuit KS | Judge: He, Eric CP: The member nations of the World Trade Organization ought to waive intellectual property protections for Covid-19 related medicines.
10/18/21
SO - PIC - Race War
Tournament: Meadows | Round: 6 | Opponent: San Mateo YR | Judge: Croitoru, Jared We advocate doing the entirety of the aff except for the use of the phrase and the analysis of a “race war”
Tournament: St Marks | Round: 1 | Opponent: Southlake Carroll SD | Judge: Hilligoss, Derek Text: The member nations of the World Trade Organization except the United States ought to delay patent enforcement for cannabis.
10/16/21
SO - T - Agent IP
Tournament: St Marks | Round: Finals | Opponent: Harker DS | Judge: He, Eric Hsu, Jonathan Larson, Sam Interpretation: The affirmative must reduce intellectual property protections for medicines as defined by the agent of their plan. According to Europe, Intellectual property include things like patents. Piotraut ‘04 Jean-Luc Piotraut, 2004, “European National IP Laws under the EU Umbrella: From National to European Community IP Law,” Loyola University Chicago International Law Review, Volume 2, Issue I, Article 4 https://lawecommons.luc.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1121andcontext=lucilr In Europe, intellectual AND was quickly considered.
Prefer the EU’s definition. The aff is specifically using the EU as their solvency mechanism.
Prefer our interpretation and vote neg – two impacts
Limits – they get multiple types of IP and medicines and countries – they don’t need affs that are IP-adjacent, especially when they chose the actor. Unlimited topics incentivize obscure affs that negs won’t have prep on – limits are key to reciprocal prep burden – potential abuse doesn’t justify foregoing the topic and 1AR theory and functional limits checks PICs 2. Predictability — if the aff doesn’t have to defend reductions in IP protections, it’s impossible for the neg to prep, crushing fairness 3. Topic Education – They chose the agent, so hold them to the agent’s legal standards – the only way for the neg to engage the topic lit most authentically is by using the legal definitions of their agent.
Paradigm issues:
Drop the debater – their abusive advocacy skewed the debate from the start 2. Comes before 1AR theory – NC abuse is responsive to them not being topical 3. Competing interps – reasonability invites arbitrary judge intervention and a race to the bottom of questionable argumentation 4. No RVIs – fairness and education are a priori burdens – and encourages baiting – outweighs because if T is frivolous, they can beat it quickly 5. Fairness is a voter ¬– necessary to determine the better debater 6. Education is a voter – why schools fund debate
10/31/21
SO - T - Framework
Tournament: Meadows | Round: 6 | Opponent: San Mateo YR | Judge: Croitoru, Jared Interpretation: the affirmative must defend the hypothetical implementation of the resolution or a subset thereof – The World Trade Organization is an international body that oversees global trade. Tarver 6/15 Evan Tarver bachelor's in finance and economics from San Diego State University-California, 21 - ("How Best to Define the World Trade Organization (WTO)," Investopedia, 6-15-2021, accessed 7-5-2021, https://www.investopedia.com/terms/w/wto.asp)//ML Created in 1995, AND countries and governments.1
Intellectual property includes patents, trademarks, copyrights and patents Yang 19 James Yang (patent attorney). “Four types of intellectual property to protect your idea and how to use them.” OC Patent Lawyer. 2019. JDN. https://ocpatentlawyer.com/four-types-intellectual-property-protect-idea/¶ To protect your AND
Vote negative – there is a distinction between debate as an institution and debate as a game, and while the affs intervention may or may not be effective on an institutional level, the ballot only signifies a win or loss within debate as a game We are both in this round primarily to get a win - its why we all adhere to other rules of the game like speech times and prep time, even if breaking those norms might make the debate “better” – its why you would vote neg if they read a 10 hour long AC about why speech time constraints are bad Not reading a topical aff creates incredible structural advantages for the aff – they get first and last speech and perms which means without a stable advocacy they get to morph their aff into whatever minimizes direct clash, and allows for a retreat to moral high ground You don’t have to disagree with the aff to vote neg. But, the ballot is fundamentally tied to the structure of the game of debate, not the institution, which means that your ballot can only ascribe who did a better job playing the game that we agreed upon before the start of the tournament.
There’s two Impacts –
Clash – Non-T affs avoid meaningful objections by preventing effective prep. This is supercharged by the Aff not being disclosed open source. That link turns all their research and subjectivity arguments. We can’t deploy new research strategies or cultivate new dispositions to power structures if we can’t effectively evaluate the arguments. Clash is a pre-requisite to debate, because we use competitive argumentation to understand and internalize attitudes and knowledge. That’s what distinguishes debate from other forms of learning. 2. Iterative argumentative testing – for example, think about how the India aff transformed over the course of the September topic. The first tournament was generic democracy and turnout arguments, but by the end of October debates centered around third level analysis of vote-banking and whether Modi’s nationalism was self-driven or a response to his voter base – the ability to subject controversial ideas to rigorous testing allows debaters to better engage in the research process, discern what arguments are most accurate, and learn how to refine our own beliefs to become more compelling advocates – not reading a plan allows a constant spew of new content that never reaches those high levels of contestation without the constraints of the topic – Even if this topic isn’t the perfect topic, the predictability of debates under it are worth potential substantive tradeoff. Limits produce a rigorous culture of justification instead of a culture of assertion or presumption. Without a bridge for subjecting beliefs to a rigorous test, we are left with might-makes-right. This link turns the Aff again, because our ability to develop critical subjectivities that can strategically challenge power structures necessitates this type of argument culture. Cheryl MISAK Philosophy @ Toronto ‘8 “A Culture of Justification: The Pragmatist's Epistemic Argument for Democracy” Episteme 5 (1) p. 100-104 The charge that AND they are enforceable.
Frame procedural impacts through a lens of optimization – we don’t need to win that they make the game impossible, just relatively less effective. In the same way you would vote aff to reject a bad process CP even if there are theoretically solvency deficits based on certainty and immediacy – the fact that we still have some neg ground doesn’t mean that reading the cap k for the 87th time against a survival strategy aff is a good debate to have for anyone involved
They have no offense
View T impacts as a process, not a product – any education impact about their content being important are solved by reading a book – filter impacts through what is unique to the process of debating itself 2. They get to read it on the neg – if their k of being topical is true then reading the aff as a K on the neg means they get auto-wins, we still access their education 3. The TVA solves – they could have read an aff that talks about how vaccine imperialism hurts Black folks - this would allow a discussion of the aff in a forum that allows us to have nuanced responses – yes, it isn’t perfect, but those imperfections are neg ground – if they aren’t forced to defend a controversy, then the meaning of any wins they get become hollow anyway which takes out solvency
Adopt a hybridizing strategy - exploiting contradictions in hegemonic discourse maintains critical distance while effectively challenging the state. Kapoor ‘08 Kapoor, 2008 (Ilan, Associate Professor at the Faculty of Environmental Studies, York University, “The Postcolonial Politics of Development,” p. 138-139) There are perhaps AND deflect their claims.
10/31/21
SO - T - Nebel All IP
Tournament: Presentation | Round: 6 | Opponent: Proof DR | Judge: Malyugina, Emmiee Interpretation: intellectual property is a generic bare plural. The aff may not defend that member nations of the World Trade Organization reduce a subset of intellectual property protections for medicines. Nebel 19 Jake Nebel Jake Nebel is an assistant professor of philosophy at the University of Southern California and executive director of Victory Briefs. , 8-12-2019, "Genericity on the Standardized Tests Resolution," Briefly, https://www.vbriefly.com/2019/08/12/genericity-on-the-standardized-tests-resolution/ SM Both distinctions are AND tend to mean.
It applies to intellectual property:
Upward entailment test – spec fails the upward entailment test because saying that nations ought to reduce one type of IPP does not entail that those nations ought to reduce all IPP 2. Adverb test – adding “usually” to the res doesn’t substantially change its meaning because a reduction is permanent
Vote neg:
Semantics outweigh: a. T is a constitutive rule of the activity and a basic aff burden – they agreed to debate the topic when they came here b. Jurisdiction – you can’t vote aff if they haven’t affirmed the resolution c. It’s the only stasis point we know before the round so it controls the internal link to engagement – there’s no way to use ground if debaters aren’t prepared to defend it
2. Limits – there are countless affs accounting for thousands of different combinations of states and IP – unlimited topics incentivize obscure affs that negs won’t have prep on – limits are key to reciprocal prep burden – potential abuse doesn’t justify foregoing the topic and 1AR theory and functional limits checks PICs
3. Ground – spec guts core generics like innovation that rely on reducing IP for all intellectual property because specific types of IP don’t affect the pharmaceutical industry broadly – also means there is no universal DA to spec affs
4. TVA solves – read as an advantage to whole rez
Paradigm issues:
Drop the debater – their abusive advocacy skewed the debate from the start 2. Competing interps – reasonability invites arbitrary judge intervention and a race to the bottom of questionable argumentation
10/10/21
SO - T - Nebel All Medicines
Tournament: Greenhill RR | Round: 2 | Opponent: Immaculate Heart JL | Judge: Ribera, Claudia Loofbourrow, Wesley Interpretation: medicines is a generic bare plural. The aff may not defend that member nations of the World Trade Organization reduce intellectual property protections for a subset of medicines. Nebel 19 Jake Nebel Jake Nebel is an assistant professor of philosophy at the University of Southern California and executive director of Victory Briefs. , 8-12-2019, "Genericity on the Standardized Tests Resolution," Briefly, https://www.vbriefly.com/2019/08/12/genericity-on-the-standardized-tests-resolution/ SM Both distinctions are important. AND LD resolutions tend to mean.
It applies to medicines:
Upward entailment test – spec fails the upward entailment test because saying that nations ought to reduce IPP for one medicine does not entail that those nations ought to reduce IPP for all medicines 2. Adverb test – adding “usually” to the res doesn’t substantially change its meaning because a reduction is permanent
Vote neg:
Semantics outweigh: a. T is a constitutive rule of the activity and a basic aff burden – they agreed to debate the topic when they came here b. Jurisdiction – you can’t vote aff if they haven’t affirmed the resolution c. It’s the only stasis point we know before the round so it controls the internal link to engagement – there’s no way to use ground if debaters aren’t prepared to defend it
2. Limits – there are countless affs accounting for thousands of medicines – unlimited topics incentivize obscure affs that negs won’t have prep on – limits are key to reciprocal prep burden – potential abuse doesn’t justify foregoing the topic and 1AR theory checks PICs
There are over 20,000 affs FDA 11/18 (U.S. Food and Drug Administration, federal agency of the Department of Health and Human Service) “Fact Sheet: FDA at a Glance,” 11/18/2020 JL There are over 20,000 prescription drug products approved for marketing. FDA oversees over 6,500 different medical device product categories. There are over 1,600 FDA-approved animal drug products. There are about 300 FDA-licensed biologics products.
3. Ground – spec guts core generics like innovation that rely on reducing IP for all medicines because individual medicines don’t affect the pharmaceutical industry broadly – also means there is no universal DA to spec affs
Drop the debater on fairness and education
9/19/21
SO - T - Plural States
Tournament: Presentation | Round: 4 | Opponent: Sage MP | Judge: Fleming, Nick Interpretation and violation – topical affs must defend two or more member nations. A. Member nations means more than one member nation B. Nations is plural. Requires multiple nations to enact the plan. WordHippo, ND - ("What is the plural of nation?," ND, 10-5-2021https:www.wordhippo.com/what-is/the-plural-of/nation.html)AW The plural form of nation is nations.
Prefer our interpretation and vote neg
Neg Engagement – it’s the foundation of the activity and they destroy it a. Ground – single countries have no lit base because few people write about them and the core of the topic centers on international policy 2. They allow hundreds of affs—one for every member nation—they could defend the US, China, Luxembourg, Israel, Iran, Canada, Iceland, Jordan, or anyone else reducing IPP—the aff will always be over-prepared against negs who have to prep against numerous tiny affs. Two impacts – a) advocacy skills—they never have to defend their positions against well-researched objections since we can’t predict and prep for every specific aff ahead of time, which kills real world policymaking skills because we can’t debate what will be the best solution to the problem. b) Loss of ground destroys fairness- generic disad don’t link – the neg loses an enormous part of the link to innovation, heg, and medical safety. Forcing bigger and more predictable affs solves. Means their topic prevents the neg from effectively preparing and kills clash. c) Our interp allows multiple affs but avoids the limits disad – forcing them to defend multiple states limits the number of affs and forces affs to read a single advantage to both countries they defend so negs can’t just PIC out of one and read disads to the other—our interp substantially limits the topic but gives them affs like the EU member nations, China and Russia, India Pakistan. Vote on competing interps - anything else is arbitrary and unfair.
10/9/21
SO - Theory - Must Have Plan Text in 1AC
Tournament: Meadows | Round: Octas | Opponent: Lexington AK | Judge: Mizrahi, Lena Krauss, Gordon Gonzalez, Gabriela Interpretation: affirmatives must read a plan text in their 1AC. Prefer on shiftiness – knowing what their plan in from the first minute of the debate is the only way to make sure they can’t change it later on – anything else makes it impossible for the negative to have any stable ground, moots our NC, and makes pre-round prep impossible. This is a voting issue for deterrence – use competing interps because reasonability incentivizes a race to the bottom.
11/1/21
SO - Theory - Solvo Advo
Tournament: Meadows | Round: 6 | Opponent: San Mateo YR | Judge: Croitoru, Jared
The AC must have a solvency advocate which endorses each component of the plan—they don’t. Vote neg for competitive equity and presumption, they explode the topic beyond the lit base which is the only way to preserve limits and predictability and lack of solvency advocate means you vote on presumption and have a low threshold for the CP because nobody thinks the plan can solve. If they cannot say how they are actually solving, the AC is just striking a pose. No specified mechanism, no actual advocacy. Presume neg if the aff does not do anything.