Marlborough Affleck Aff
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| 0 - Information | 1 | NA | NA |
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| Alta Silver Black Invitational | 2 | Silver Creek KZ | Hannah Nunley |
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| Alta Silver Black Invitational | 3 | Salem Hills AJ | Ean Neiswanger |
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| Alta Silver and Black Invitational | 5 | Loveless Academic Magnet Program RR | Justin Fang |
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| CSU Long Beach | 1 | Solebury LM | Jan Wimmer |
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| CSU Long Beach | 4 | Peninsula EL | Victoria Yonter |
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| CSU Long Beach | 5 | Troy EB | Saketh Kotapati |
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| Damus Hollywood Invitational | 1 | Immaculate Heart SS | Leah Clark-Villanueva |
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| Damus Hollywood Invitational | 4 | Harvard-Westlake MT | Lindsey Williams |
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| Damus Hollywood Invitational | 5 | Harker AA | Dylan Liu |
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| Emory Barkley Forum | 2 | New Trier RK | Sam Larson |
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| Emory Barkley Forum | 3 | Sam Barlow EL | Sim Guerrero |
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| Emory Barkley Forum | 5 | Bronx Science NK | Mike Girouard |
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| Golden Desert UNLV | 1 | Fairview SJ | Anish Ramireddy |
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| Golden Desert UNLV | 3 | Peninsula CU | Nick Fleming |
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| Golden Desert UNLV | 5 | Peninsula AD | Bobby Gibson |
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| Harvard-Westlake | 1 | Immaculate Heart JL | Viren Abhyankar |
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| Harvard-Westlake | 3 | Peninsula EL | Rodrigo Paramo |
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| Harvard-Westlake | 6 | Harker SS | Gordon Krauss |
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| Nano Nagle | 1 | Midlothian AC | Samantha McLoughlin |
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| St Marks | 2 | Loyola LR | Vishan Chaudhary |
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| St Marks | 3 | Harker KB | Eric He |
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| St Marks | 6 | Harvard-Westlake SW | Gordon Krauss |
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| USC | 2 | Mission San Jose SS | Derek Hilligoss |
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| USC | 4 | Harvard-Westlake MP | Ben Cortez |
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| USC | 6 | Mission San Jose SR | Sam McLoughlin |
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| Tournament | Round | Report |
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| 0 - Information | 1 | Opponent: NA | Judge: NA Hello! I'm Violet (sheherhers) |
| Alta Silver Black Invitational | 2 | Opponent: Silver Creek KZ | Judge: Hannah Nunley 1AC - incarcerated workers v1 |
| Alta Silver Black Invitational | 3 | Opponent: Salem Hills AJ | Judge: Ean Neiswanger 1AC - incarcerated workers AC v3 |
| Alta Silver and Black Invitational | 5 | Opponent: Loveless Academic Magnet Program RR | Judge: Justin Fang 1AC - Incarcerated Workers AC V3 |
| CSU Long Beach | 1 | Opponent: Solebury LM | Judge: Jan Wimmer 1AC - COVID AC 10 |
| CSU Long Beach | 4 | Opponent: Peninsula EL | Judge: Victoria Yonter 1AC - COVID AC version 1 |
| CSU Long Beach | 5 | Opponent: Troy EB | Judge: Saketh Kotapati 1AC - COVID version 1 |
| Damus Hollywood Invitational | 1 | Opponent: Immaculate Heart SS | Judge: Leah Clark-Villanueva 1AC - Incarcerated Workers v1 |
| Damus Hollywood Invitational | 4 | Opponent: Harvard-Westlake MT | Judge: Lindsey Williams 1AC - Incarcerated Workers v2 |
| Damus Hollywood Invitational | 5 | Opponent: Harker AA | Judge: Dylan Liu 1AC - incarcerated workers V2 |
| Emory Barkley Forum | 2 | Opponent: New Trier RK | Judge: Sam Larson 1AC - Space Commons AC v3 |
| Emory Barkley Forum | 3 | Opponent: Sam Barlow EL | Judge: Sim Guerrero 1AC - Space Commons AC v3 |
| Emory Barkley Forum | 5 | Opponent: Bronx Science NK | Judge: Mike Girouard 1AC - Space Commons AC v3 |
| Golden Desert UNLV | 1 | Opponent: Fairview SJ | Judge: Anish Ramireddy 1AC - space commons AC v3 |
| Golden Desert UNLV | 3 | Opponent: Peninsula CU | Judge: Nick Fleming 1AC - Space Commons AC V3 |
| Golden Desert UNLV | 5 | Opponent: Peninsula AD | Judge: Bobby Gibson 1AC - Space Commons v3 |
| Harvard-Westlake | 1 | Opponent: Immaculate Heart JL | Judge: Viren Abhyankar 1AC - Space Commons V1 |
| Harvard-Westlake | 3 | Opponent: Peninsula EL | Judge: Rodrigo Paramo 1AC - Space Commons v1 |
| Harvard-Westlake | 6 | Opponent: Harker SS | Judge: Gordon Krauss 1AC - Space Commons v2 |
| Nano Nagle | 1 | Opponent: Midlothian AC | Judge: Samantha McLoughlin 1AC - MSF v1 |
| St Marks | 2 | Opponent: Loyola LR | Judge: Vishan Chaudhary 1AC - MSF v1 (v2 disclosed so you have ready access to the underview in the event that I ever make it past point E) |
| St Marks | 3 | Opponent: Harker KB | Judge: Eric He 1AC - MSF v2 (up through 1st sentence of the Chomsky card) |
| St Marks | 6 | Opponent: Harvard-Westlake SW | Judge: Gordon Krauss 1AC - MSF v2 |
| USC | 2 | Opponent: Mission San Jose SS | Judge: Derek Hilligoss 1AC - (incarcerated workers V2) |
| USC | 4 | Opponent: Harvard-Westlake MP | Judge: Ben Cortez 1AC - incarcerated workers v4 |
| USC | 6 | Opponent: Mission San Jose SR | Judge: Sam McLoughlin 1AC - Incarcerated Workers v4 |
To modify or delete round reports, edit the associated round.
Cites
| Entry | Date |
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0 - InformationTournament: 0 - Information | Round: 1 | Opponent: NA | Judge: NA | 9/18/21 |
JF - Space Commons AC V1Tournament: Harvard-Westlake | Round: 1 | Opponent: Immaculate Heart JL | Judge: Viren Abhyankar Advantage 1: Space DebrisPrivate companies are cramming satellites into the Earth’s orbit, which are quickly becoming defunct pieces of "space junk."Therese Wood, 20 - ("Who owns our orbit: Just how many satellites are there in space?," World Economic Forum, 10-23-2020, 12-8-2021https:www.weforum.org/agenda/2020/10/visualizing-easrth-satellites-sapce-spacex)AW AND 175 satellites in the span of one month, from August to September 2020 Increasing space debris levels inevitably set off a chain of collisions.Chelsea MuñOz-Patchen, 19 - ("Regulating the Space Commons: Treating Space Debris as Abandoned Property in Violation of the Outer Space Treaty," University of Chicago, 2019, 12-6-2021, https://cjil.uchicago.edu/publication/regulating-space-commons-treating-space-debris-abandoned-property-violation-outer-space)//AW AND away, meaning that there is still time to develop a solution.52 Collisions make orbit unusable, causing nuclear war, mass starvation, and economic destruction.Les Johnson 13, Deputy Manager for NASA's Advanced Concepts Office at the Marshall Space Flight Center, Co-Investigator for the JAXA T-Rex Space Tether Experiment and PI of NASA's ProSEDS Experiment, Master's Degree in Physics from Vanderbilt University, Popular Science Writer, and NASA Technologist, Frequent Contributor to the Journal of the British Interplanetary Sodety and Member of the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, National Space Society, the World Future Society, and MENSA, Sky Alert!: When Satellites Fail, p. 9-12 ~language modified~ AND , our military advantage over potential adversaries would be dramatically reduced or eliminated. Advantage 2: Corporate ColonialismTech-billionaires advance a vision of private space colonization as a source of infinite resources to cure society’s ills. This rationalizes unrestrained consumption and replicates the logic of imperialism.Mccormick 21 ~Ted McCormick writes about the history of science, empire, and economic thought. He has a Ph.D. in history from Columbia University and teaches at Concordia University in Montreal. "The billionaire space race reflects a colonial mindset that fails to imagine a different world". 8-15-2021. The Conversation. https://theconversation.com/the-billionaire-space-race-reflects-a-colonial-mindset-that-fails-to-imagine-a-different-world-165235. Accessed 12-15-2021; marlborough JH~ AND in defiance of all limits. We are struggling with these consequences today. If only wealthy elites can tap the vast resources of outer space, we lock in a permanent and unconscionable inequality. Private space colonization amounts to unchecked exploitation and authoritarian corporate control of future settlements. Spencer ‘17Spencer, Keith A. ~senior editor at Salon~ "Keep the Red Planet Red." Jacobin, 2 May 2017, https://www.jacobinmag.com/2017/02/mars-elon-musk-space-exploration-nasa-colonization. Accesserd 12/15/2021 marlborough JH AND , our rallying cry should be this: Keep the red planet red! This private expansion into space results in corporate colonization of planets that undermines the interests of the rest of humanity. Spencer ’17When CEO Elon AND Neoliberalism destroys ethics, locks in poverty and exploitation, decimates the environment, and causes war.Werlhof 15 – Claudia, Professor of Political Science/Women's Studies, University Innsbruck (Austria), 2015 ("Neoliberal Globalization: Is There an Alternative to Plundering the Earth?" Global Research, May 25th, Available Online at http://www.globalresearch.ca/neoliberal-globalization-is-there-an-alternative-to-plundering-the-earth/24403) PlanThe appropriation of outer space by private entities is unjust. Thus, the plan.Plan text: Outer space ought to be recognized as a global commons as per the Goehring card. Goehring describes but does not advocate treating space in this way.Goehring 6/3 - John S. Goehring ~B.A., University of California, Berkeley; J.D., Tulane Law School; LL.M., McGill University, Institute of Air and Space Law) is a space and international law attorney for the Department of Defense and a judge advocate in the United States Air Force Reserve~, "Why Isn’t Outer Space a Global Commons?" Journal of National Security Law and Policy. Vol. 11:573. (June 3, 2021).https://jnslp.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/Why'Isnt'Outer'Space'a'Global'Commons'2.pdf AT SolvencyTreating space as a commons solves orbital debris. States already agree to a limited regime of this type.Silverstein and Panda ‘3/9 - Benjamin Silverstein ~research analyst for the Space Project at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. MA, International Relations, Syracuse University Maxwell School of Citizenship and Public Affairs BA, International Affairs, George Washington University~ and Ankit Panda ~Stanton Senior Fellow in the Nuclear Policy Program at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. AB, Princeton University~, "Space Is a Great Commons. It’s Time to Treat It as Such." Carnegie Endowment for International Peace (Web). March 9, 2021. Accessed Dec. 13, 2021. https://carnegieendowment.org/2021/03/09/space-is-great-commons.-it-s-time-to-treat-it-as-such-pub-84018 AT Space resources must be distributed democratically—this requires challenging private control of outer space.Levine 15 States can extend existing models to govern space, but recognition of space as a commons is key.Silverstein and Panda ‘3/9 - Benjamin Silverstein ~research analyst for the Space Project at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. MA, International Relations, Syracuse University Maxwell School of Citizenship and Public Affairs BA, International Affairs, George Washington University~ and Ankit Panda ~Stanton Senior Fellow in the Nuclear Policy Program at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. AB, Princeton University~, "Space Is a Great Commons. It’s Time to Treat It as Such." Carnegie Endowment for International Peace (Web). March 9, 2021. Accessed Dec. 13, 2021. https://carnegieendowment.org/2021/03/09/space-is-great-commons.-it-s-time-to-treat-it-as-such-pub-84018 AT | 1/15/22 |
JF - Space Commons AC V2Tournament: Harvard-Westlake | Round: 6 | Opponent: Harker SS | Judge: Gordon Krauss Advantage 1: Space DebrisPrivate companies are cramming satellites into the Earth’s orbit, which are quickly becoming defunct pieces of "space junk."Therese Wood, 20 - ("Who owns our orbit: Just how many satellites are there in space?," World Economic Forum, 10-23-2020, 12-8-2021https:www.weforum.org/agenda/2020/10/visualizing-easrth-satellites-sapce-spacex)AW AND 175 satellites in the span of one month, from August to September 2020 Increasing space debris levels inevitably set off a chain of collisions.Chelsea MuñOz-Patchen, 19 - ("Regulating the Space Commons: Treating Space Debris as Abandoned Property in Violation of the Outer Space Treaty," University of Chicago, 2019, 12-6-2021, https://cjil.uchicago.edu/publication/regulating-space-commons-treating-space-debris-abandoned-property-violation-outer-space)//AW AND away, meaning that there is still time to develop a solution.52 Collisions make orbit unusable, causing nuclear war, mass starvation, and economic destruction.Les Johnson 13, Deputy Manager for NASA's Advanced Concepts Office at the Marshall Space Flight Center, Co-Investigator for the JAXA T-Rex Space Tether Experiment and PI of NASA's ProSEDS Experiment, Master's Degree in Physics from Vanderbilt University, Popular Science Writer, and NASA Technologist, Frequent Contributor to the Journal of the British Interplanetary Sodety and Member of the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, National Space Society, the World Future Society, and MENSA, Sky Alert!: When Satellites Fail, p. 9-12 ~language modified~ AND , our military advantage over potential adversaries would be dramatically reduced or eliminated. Advantage 2: Corporate ColonialismTech-billionaires advance a vision of private space colonization as a source of infinite resources to cure society’s ills. This rationalizes unrestrained consumption and replicates the logic of imperialism.Mccormick 21 ~Ted McCormick writes about the history of science, empire, and economic thought. He has a Ph.D. in history from Columbia University and teaches at Concordia University in Montreal. "The billionaire space race reflects a colonial mindset that fails to imagine a different world". 8-15-2021. The Conversation. https://theconversation.com/the-billionaire-space-race-reflects-a-colonial-mindset-that-fails-to-imagine-a-different-world-165235. Accessed 12-15-2021; marlborough JH~ AND in defiance of all limits. We are struggling with these consequences today. If only wealthy elites can tap the vast resources of outer space, we lock in a permanent and unconscionable inequality. Private space colonization amounts to unchecked exploitation and authoritarian corporate control of future settlements. Spencer ‘17Spencer, Keith A. ~senior editor at Salon~ "Keep the Red Planet Red." Jacobin, 2 May 2017, https://www.jacobinmag.com/2017/02/mars-elon-musk-space-exploration-nasa-colonization. Accesserd 12/15/2021 marlborough JH AND , our rallying cry should be this: Keep the red planet red! This private expansion into space results in corporate colonization of planets that undermines the interests of the rest of humanity. Spencer ’17Spencer, Keith A. ~senior editor at Salon~"Against Mars-a-Lago: Why SpaceX's Mars Colonization Plan Should Terrify You." Salon, Salon.com, Oct. 8 2017, https://www.salon.com/2017/10/08/against-mars-a-lago-why-spacexs-mars-colonization-plan-should-terrify-you/. Neoliberalism destroys ethics, locks in poverty and exploitation, decimates the environment, and causes war.Werlhof 15 – Claudia, Professor of Political Science/Women's Studies, University Innsbruck (Austria), 2015 ("Neoliberal Globalization: Is There an Alternative to Plundering the Earth?" Global Research, May 25th, Available Online at http://www.globalresearch.ca/neoliberal-globalization-is-there-an-alternative-to-plundering-the-earth/24403) PlanThe appropriation of outer space by private entities is unjust. Thus, the plan.Plan text: Outer space ought to be recognized as a global commons as per the Goehring card. Goehring describes but does not advocate treating space in this way.Goehring 6/3 - John S. Goehring ~B.A., University of California, Berkeley; J.D., Tulane Law School; LL.M., McGill University, Institute of Air and Space Law) is a space and international law attorney for the Department of Defense and a judge advocate in the United States Air Force Reserve~, "Why Isn’t Outer Space a Global Commons?" Journal of National Security Law and Policy. Vol. 11:573. (June 3, 2021).https://jnslp.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/Why'Isnt'Outer'Space'a'Global'Commons'2.pdf AT SolvencyTreating space as a commons solves orbital debris. States already agree to a limited regime of this type.Silverstein and Panda ‘3/9 - Benjamin Silverstein ~research analyst for the Space Project at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. MA, International Relations, Syracuse University Maxwell School of Citizenship and Public Affairs BA, International Affairs, George Washington University~ and Ankit Panda ~Stanton Senior Fellow in the Nuclear Policy Program at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. AB, Princeton University~, "Space Is a Great Commons. It’s Time to Treat It as Such." Carnegie Endowment for International Peace (Web). March 9, 2021. Accessed Dec. 13, 2021. https://carnegieendowment.org/2021/03/09/space-is-great-commons.-it-s-time-to-treat-it-as-such-pub-84018 AT Space resources must be distributed democratically—this requires challenging private control of outer space.Levine 15 States can extend existing models to govern space, but recognition of space as a commons is key.Silverstein and Panda ‘3/9 - Benjamin Silverstein ~research analyst for the Space Project at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. MA, International Relations, Syracuse University Maxwell School of Citizenship and Public Affairs BA, International Affairs, George Washington University~ and Ankit Panda ~Stanton Senior Fellow in the Nuclear Policy Program at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. AB, Princeton University~, "Space Is a Great Commons. It’s Time to Treat It as Such." Carnegie Endowment for International Peace (Web). March 9, 2021. Accessed Dec. 13, 2021. https://carnegieendowment.org/2021/03/09/space-is-great-commons.-it-s-time-to-treat-it-as-such-pub-84018 AT Property rights are not necessary to encourage private development. Global commons can solveSaletta Sterling and Orrman-Rossiter 18 ~Sterling Saletta, Morgan; Orrman-Rossiter, Kevin (2018). Can space mining benefit all of humanity?: The resource fund and citizen's dividend model of Alaska, the ‘last frontier’. Space Policy, (), S0265964616300704–. doi:10.1016/j.spacepol.2018.02.002~ CT | 1/16/22 |
JF - Space Commons AC V3Tournament: Emory Barkley Forum | Round: 2 | Opponent: New Trier RK | Judge: Sam Larson ACSince, in a just world, outer space would be treated as a global commons, and a global commons model precludes appropriation by private entries, then the appropriation of outer space by private entries is unjust.Thus, the plan: States ought to adopt a binding international agreement that bans the appropriation of outer space by private entities by establishing outer space as a global commons subject to regulatory delimiting and global liability.The aff:solves debris and space colonialism by ensuring the sustainable and equitable use of outer space resources.prevents circumvention by aligning the interests of state parties AND for thousands of years is also action. It also produces evils."183 Treating space as a commons solves orbital debris. Current non-binding agreements are not enough.Silverstein and Panda ‘3/9 - Benjamin Silverstein ~research analyst for the Space Project at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. MA, International Relations, Syracuse University Maxwell School of Citizenship and Public Affairs BA, International Affairs, George Washington University~ and Ankit Panda ~Stanton Senior Fellow in the Nuclear Policy Program at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. AB, Princeton University~, "Space Is a Great Commons. It’s Time to Treat It as Such." Carnegie Endowment for International Peace (Web). March 9, 2021. Accessed Dec. 13, 2021. https://carnegieendowment.org/2021/03/09/space-is-great-commons.-it-s-time-to-treat-it-as-such-pub-84018 AT AND orbit, and these rules were never designed to address issues like debris. Current law governing space bans state appropriation, BUT ALLOWS private appropriation. A true global commons regime would require a form of democratic governance that ensures the equitable use of space resources and overcomes the expansion of neoliberal capitalism into outer space.Dardot 18 ~Pierre Dardot, "What democracy for the global commons?," The Commons and a New Global Governance, ed. Samuel Cogolati and Jan Wouters (2018). https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/58613276/What'Democracy'-'Dardot'Leuwen'2018.pdf?1552469271=andresponse-content-disposition=inline3B+filename3DWhat'democracy'for'the'global'commons.pdfandExpires=1642726034andSignature=YJi8AG6~~Y—-mP0qsop4i3t~Z5bVLtQYwuDtUdXm6sdKaYwCJFFzQOL-OiY9nIH~JZsophnChwMlUMSGOCDVh7NhHmUonD28k9fU9PrfN2nYTNV2x8XnvoK2KtelSRvRyWN78eA7uC1isTAf1pO5~abPS9XQnORhjp9nPXjpIuBqLrrJhIUCKNjEorJ0u1h63DxkORBKVZfFh-TawG~PS~WdamGNqfljxjaP1G5bG-hUh1aNw0CuXhnqdd8yeH0-uT7iXVNu8cDl2zOtobIiAmD0SBKxjUXP8SYLkvNO0BETnpIzetK7gW8yksHtYjt-WasarhkMQpHeNwvJOY8QeA''andKey-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA~ CT AND for several types of self-governments to limit each other’s power reciprocally. Development of space resources is still possible with a commons model. Property rights are not necessary. Existing models governing commons encourage responsible development, numerous examples prove.Saletta Sterling and Orrman-Rossiter 18 ~Sterling Saletta, Morgan; Orrman-Rossiter, Kevin (2018). Can space mining benefit all of humanity?: The resource fund and citizen's dividend model of Alaska, the ‘last frontier’. Space Policy, (), S0265964616300704–. doi:10.1016/j.spacepol.2018.02.002~ CT AND beyond vague utopian platitudes to real and concrete benefits for all of humanity. ====Ambiguities in the OST that allow private appropriation have kicked off a race to develop space, setting the stage for a debris crisis and the domination of space by unaccountable billionaires. Current laws fail due to lax rules and forum shopping.==== AND questioned why there’d been no proper consultation with the scientific community before launch. Advantage 1: Space DebrisIncreasing space debris levels inevitably set off a chain of collisions.Chelsea MuñOz-Patchen, 19 - ("Regulating the Space Commons: Treating Space Debris as Abandoned Property in Violation of the Outer Space Treaty," University of Chicago, 2019, 12-6-2021, https://cjil.uchicago.edu/publication/regulating-space-commons-treating-space-debris-abandoned-property-violation-outer-space)//AW AND away, meaning that there is still time to develop a solution.52 Collisions make orbit unusable, causing nuclear war, mass starvation, and economic destruction.Les Johnson 13, Deputy Manager for NASA's Advanced Concepts Office at the Marshall Space Flight Center, Co-Investigator for the JAXA T-Rex Space Tether Experiment and PI of NASA's ProSEDS Experiment, Master's Degree in Physics from Vanderbilt University, Popular Science Writer, and NASA Technologist, Frequent Contributor to the Journal of the British Interplanetary Sodety and Member of the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, National Space Society, the World Future Society, and MENSA, Sky Alert!: When Satellites Fail, p. 9-12 ~language modified~ AND , our military advantage over potential adversaries would be dramatically reduced or eliminated. Advantage 2: Corporate ColonialismTech-billionaires advance a vision of private space colonization as a source of infinite resources to cure society’s ills. This rationalizes unrestrained consumption and replicates the logic of imperialism.Mccormick 21 ~Ted McCormick writes about the history of science, empire, and economic thought. He has a Ph.D. in history from Columbia University and teaches at Concordia University in Montreal. "The billionaire space race reflects a colonial mindset that fails to imagine a different world". 8-15-2021. The Conversation. https://theconversation.com/the-billionaire-space-race-reflects-a-colonial-mindset-that-fails-to-imagine-a-different-world-165235. Accessed 12-15-2021; marlborough JH~ AND in defiance of all limits. We are struggling with these consequences today. If only wealthy elites can tap the vast resources of outer space, we lock in a permanent and unconscionable inequality. Private space colonization amounts to unchecked exploitation and authoritarian corporate control of future settlements. Spencer ‘17Spencer, Keith A. ~senior editor at Salon~ "Keep the Red Planet Red." Jacobin, 2 May 2017, https://www.jacobinmag.com/2017/02/mars-elon-musk-space-exploration-nasa-colonization. Accesserd 12/15/2021 marlborough JH AND , our rallying cry should be this: Keep the red planet red! This private expansion into space results in corporate colonization of planets that undermines the interests of the rest of humanity. Spencer ’17Spencer, Keith A. ~senior editor at Salon~"Against Mars-a-Lago: Why SpaceX's Mars Colonization Plan Should Terrify You." Salon, Salon.com, Oct. 8 2017, https://www.salon.com/2017/10/08/against-mars-a-lago-why-spacexs-mars-colonization-plan-should-terrify-you/. Neoliberalism destroys ethics, locks in poverty and exploitation, decimates the environment, and causes war.Werlhof 15 – Claudia, Professor of Political Science/Women's Studies, University Innsbruck (Austria), 2015 ("Neoliberal Globalization: Is There an Alternative to Plundering the Earth?" Global Research, May 25th, Available Online at http://www.globalresearch.ca/neoliberal-globalization-is-there-an-alternative-to-plundering-the-earth/24403) Plan/Solvency | 1/28/22 |
JF - Therapeutic Capture KTournament: Emory Barkley Forum | Round: 5 | Opponent: Bronx Science NK | Judge: Mike Girouard Performance of the aff is an invitation for therapeutic capture. Fighting for subjectivity and self-actualization locates politics on the terrain of psychological modalities. This process leads our attention away from the material realities that have created suffering in the first place. Their relationship to the ballot is therapeutic – Individual and social problems are viewed as stemming from improper thoughts and that only by correcting our views of ourselves can produce more fulfilled lives.Stewart 9 Tyrone Anthony Stewart, Ph. D., Dissertation submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate School of the University of Maryland, College Park, WHAT IS A BLACK MAN WITHOUT HIS¶ PARANOIA? : CLINICAL DEPRESSION AND THE POLITICS OF AFRICAN AMERICANS’ ANXIETIES TOWARDS EMOTIONAL VULNERABILITY AND interpretations of the sadness of depression and its larger meaning, for themselves. Psychoanalytic critique causes passivity and destroys political struggle and coalitions.Gordon 01 - Paul Gordon (Ph.D., professor of humanities at the University of Colorado Boulder), Race and Class, v. 42, n. 4, p. 30-31, April 2001 CL AND the world, not just to interpret it, need to look elsewhere. Alt - Adopt a politics of "I want this for us" instead of "I am". This uses identity as a resource for material change rather than a place of foreclosure and hopelessness. Brown ’95Wendy Brown ~Professor of political science at Berkeley~, States of Injury: Power and Freedom in Late Modernity (Princeton University Press) (1995), pp. 75-76. AND present, inhabited a necessarily agonistic theater of discursively forging an alternative future? | 1/29/22 |
ND - Incarcerated Workers AC V1Tournament: Damus Hollywood Invitational | Round: 1 | Opponent: Immaculate Heart SS | Judge: Leah Clark-Villanueva Incarcerated workers do not have a right to strike in the US.Harvard Law Review, 19 - ("Striking the Right Balance: Toward a Better Understanding of Prison Strikes," Harvard Law Review 03/8/2019, accessed 10-28-2021, https://harvardlawreview.org/2019/03/striking-the-right-balance-toward-a-better-understanding-of-prison-strikes/)//ML AND if any, room under current constitutional case law for protecting prison strikes. Incarceration disproportionately affects people of color, which causes a permanent reduction in job opportunities and quality of life. Rezal 21Adriana Rezal ~data journalism fellow with U.S. News and World Report~, 21 - ("A New Report Explores Racial Disparities in America’s Incarceration Rates," US News and World Report, 10-3-21, accessed 11-3-2021, https://www.usnews.com/news/best-states/articles/2021-10-13/report-highlights-staggering-racial-disparities-in-us-incarceration-rates)//LF AND the weight criminal history records can carry in sentencing and unequal prosecutorial charging. Prison working conditions are terrible—prisoners work in unsafe conditions and accrue thousands of dollars in debt. Eisen 20Lauren-Brooke Eisen ~director of the Brennan Center’s Justice Program where she leads the organization’s work to end mass incarceration~, 20 - ("Covid-19 Highlights the Need for Prison Labor Reform," Brennan Center for Justice, 4-17-2020, accessed 11-4-2021, https://www.brennancenter.org/our-work/analysis-opinion/covid-19-highlights-need-prison-labor-reform)//ML AND of slave labor that was ostensibly abandoned a century and a half ago. Prisoners make almost no money for their labor. Fulcher 15Patrice A. Fulcher ~Associate Professor at The John Marshall Law School~, 15 - ("," Journal of Civil Rights and Economic Development, Winter 2015, accessed 10-28-2021, https://scholarship.law.stjohns.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1759andcontext=jcred)//ML AND subminimum wages for their work and about inadequate medical and living conditions. 140 Low wages for prisoners create cycles of recidivism. Fulcher 15Patrice A. Fulcher ~Associate Professor at The John Marshall Law School~, 15 - ("," Journal of Civil Rights and Economic Development, Winter 2015, accessed 10-28-2021, https://scholarship.law.stjohns.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1759andcontext=jcred)//ML bracketed for dehumanizing language about enslaved people AND person who has been incarcerated to build his life in free society. ¶ PlanPlan: The United States ought to recognize the unconditional right of incarcerated workers to strike.SolvencyThe right to strike is key for prisoners hoping to reform the criminal justice system, allows prison laborers to publicize their conditions and assert their right to dignityHarvard Law Review, 19 - ("Striking the Right Balance: Toward a Better Understanding of Prison Strikes," Harvard Law Review 03/8/2019, accessed 10-28-2021, https://harvardlawreview.org/2019/03/striking-the-right-balance-toward-a-better-understanding-of-prison-strikes/)//ML AND , as does state constitutional and statutory law. Drawing from the broader j Incarcerated workers are uniquely vulnerable to exploitation the right to strike is a key weapon in fighting for better conditionsKelly 18 ~Kim Kelly is a freelance journalist and organizer based in Philadelphia. Her work on labor, class, politics, and culture has appeared in the New Republic, the Washington Post, the Baffler, and Esquire, among other publications, and she is the author of FIGHT LIKE HELL, a forthcoming book of intersectional labor history. "How the Ongoing Prison Strike is Connected to the Labor Movement". 9-4-2018. Teen Vogue. https://www.teenvogue.com/story/labor-day-2018-how-the-ongoing-prison-strike-is-connected-to-the-labor-movement. Accessed 11-1-2021; MJen~ AND to all, and our fellow workers on the inside are bleeding out. ====Prisoners currently face massive barriers to striking – they get punished and aren’t allowed to unionize The aff reduces incarceration across the board by shifting incentives away from exploitative laborBee, 18 - (Vanessa A., a lawyer, writer, and associate editor at Current Affairs, "How a Federal Job Guarantee Could Lower Crime and Help the Formerly Incarcerated," Intelligencer, 9-9-2018, https://nymag.com/intelligencer/2018/08/former-prisoners-should-be-included-in-a-job-guarantee.html)//marlborough-wr/ AND in the long run, this approach may be more cost-effective. FrameworkThe impact of structural violence cumulatively outweighs – challenging the structures that facilitate inequality is necessaryAnsell 17 - David A. Ansell, Senior Vice President, Associate Provost for Community Health Equity, and Michael E. Kelly Professor of Medicine at Rush University Medical Center (The Death Gap: How Inequality Kills, p. 7-10) AND . And it is wrong because we have the means to fix it. Underview 1Underview 2Their disads will surely be ridiculous.(A) Ethics – The state is complicit in perpetuating inequalities that are terrible for incarcerated workers. Apply a VERY high standard of proof to any rationalization of that policy.(B) Compound Probability - Multiplied probabilities of long link chains have negligible net probabilities. This is the slippery slope fallacy.(C) Causal Direction - They will say the fractional probability of a huge impact still has a large expected value, but it’s impossible to determine the direction of low-probability links. Does the butterfly flapping its wings cause the hurricane or prevent it? Disregard tiny-probability links because they don’t guide decision-making.(D) Complexity – the DA presents a simplistic and deterministic narrative that fails to account for the myriad confounding factors that can disrupt or reverse the link chain of the DA. The most important of these is the probability that people will recognize the dangerous path they’re on and change course, e.g. leaders backing down during the Cuban Missile Crisis.(E) Decision Gridlock – Every course of action or inaction has a negligible possibility of causing extinction. This makes it impossible to prioritize averting existential risk over all else because such risk is unavoidable. We have no choice but to prioritize REALISTIC probabilities. | 11/6/21 |
ND - Incarcerated Workers AC V2Tournament: Damus Hollywood Invitational | Round: 4 | Opponent: Harvard-Westlake MT | Judge: Lindsey Williams 1AC – Incarcerated WorkersAdvantageIncarcerated workers do not have a right to strike in the US.Harvard Law Review, 19 - ("Striking the Right Balance: Toward a Better Understanding of Prison Strikes," Harvard Law Review 03/8/2019, accessed 10-28-2021, https://harvardlawreview.org/2019/03/striking-the-right-balance-toward-a-better-understanding-of-prison-strikes/)//ML AND if any, room under current constitutional case law for protecting prison strikes. Incarceration disproportionately affects people of color, which causes a permanent reduction in job opportunities and quality of life. Rezal 21Adriana Rezal ~data journalism fellow with U.S. News and World Report~, 21 - ("A New Report Explores Racial Disparities in America’s Incarceration Rates," US News and World Report, 10-3-21, accessed 11-3-2021, https://www.usnews.com/news/best-states/articles/2021-10-13/report-highlights-staggering-racial-disparities-in-us-incarceration-rates)//LF AND the weight criminal history records can carry in sentencing and unequal prosecutorial charging. Prison working conditions are terrible—prisoners work in unsafe conditions and accrue thousands of dollars in debt. Eisen 20Lauren-Brooke Eisen ~director of the Brennan Center’s Justice Program where she leads the organization’s work to end mass incarceration~, 20 - ("Covid-19 Highlights the Need for Prison Labor Reform," Brennan Center for Justice, 4-17-2020, accessed 11-4-2021, https://www.brennancenter.org/our-work/analysis-opinion/covid-19-highlights-need-prison-labor-reform)//ML AND of slave labor that was ostensibly abandoned a century and a half ago. Prisoners make almost no money for their labor. Fulcher 15Patrice A. Fulcher ~Associate Professor at The John Marshall Law School~, 15 - ("," Journal of Civil Rights and Economic Development, Winter 2015, accessed 10-28-2021, https://scholarship.law.stjohns.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1759andcontext=jcred)//ML AND subminimum wages for their work and about inadequate medical and living conditions. 140 Low wages for prisoners create cycles of recidivism. Fulcher 15Patrice A. Fulcher ~Associate Professor at The John Marshall Law School~, 15 - ("," Journal of Civil Rights and Economic Development, Winter 2015, accessed 10-28-2021, https://scholarship.law.stjohns.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1759andcontext=jcred)//ML bracketed for dehumanizing language about enslaved people AND person who has been incarcerated to build his life in free society. ¶ PlanPlan: The United States ought to recognize the unconditional right of incarcerated workers to strike.SolvencyThe right to strike is key for prisoners hoping to reform the criminal justice system, allows prison laborers to publicize their conditions and assert their right to dignityHarvard Law Review, 19 - ("Striking the Right Balance: Toward a Better Understanding of Prison Strikes," Harvard Law Review 03/8/2019, accessed 10-28-2021, https://harvardlawreview.org/2019/03/striking-the-right-balance-toward-a-better-understanding-of-prison-strikes/)//ML AND , as does state constitutional and statutory law. Drawing from the broader j Incarcerated workers are uniquely vulnerable to exploitation the right to strike is a key weapon in fighting for better conditionsKelly 18 ~Kim Kelly is a freelance journalist and organizer based in Philadelphia. Her work on labor, class, politics, and culture has appeared in the New Republic, the Washington Post, the Baffler, and Esquire, among other publications, and she is the author of FIGHT LIKE HELL, a forthcoming book of intersectional labor history. "How the Ongoing Prison Strike is Connected to the Labor Movement". 9-4-2018. Teen Vogue. https://www.teenvogue.com/story/labor-day-2018-how-the-ongoing-prison-strike-is-connected-to-the-labor-movement. Accessed 11-1-2021; MJen~ AND to all, and our fellow workers on the inside are bleeding out. ====Prisoners currently face massive barriers to striking – they get punished and aren’t allowed to unionize The aff reduces incarceration across the board by shifting incentives away from exploitative laborBee, 18 - (Vanessa A., a lawyer, writer, and associate editor at Current Affairs, "How a Federal Job Guarantee Could Lower Crime and Help the Formerly Incarcerated," Intelligencer, 9-9-2018, https://nymag.com/intelligencer/2018/08/former-prisoners-should-be-included-in-a-job-guarantee.html)//marlborough-wr/ AND in the long run, this approach may be more cost-effective. FrameworkThe impact of structural violence cumulatively outweighs – challenging the structures that facilitate inequality is necessaryAnsell 17 - David A. Ansell, Senior Vice President, Associate Provost for Community Health Equity, and Michael E. Kelly Professor of Medicine at Rush University Medical Center (The Death Gap: How Inequality Kills, p. 7-10) AND . And it is wrong because we have the means to fix it. UnderviewScholarly discourse and engagement with politics is key to effective structural reform - critique is insufficient.Purdy ’20 - Jedediah S. Britton-Purdy et al, 20 - ("Building a Law-and-Political-Economy Framework: Beyond the Twentieth-Century Synthesis by Jedediah S. Britton-Purdy, David Singh Grewal, Amy Kapczynski, K. Sabeel Rahman :: SSRN," 3-2-2020, https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract'id=3547312)//ey/ AND we are lucky, help remake our polity in more deeply democratic ways. Reform makes revolution more likely. Rejecting it condescendingly asserts the possibility of radical change is better than the certainty of real improvement.Delgado ’87 - Delgado, Richard ~teaches civil rights and critical race theory at University of Alabama School of Law. He has written and co-authored numerous articles and books~, "The Ethereal Scholar: Does Critical Legal Studies Have What Minorities Want?", Harvard Civil Rights - Civil Liberties Law Review, 1987 AND whether total change, when it comes, will be what we want. Adopt a hybridizing strategy - exploiting contradictions in hegemonic discourse maintains critical distance while effectively challenging the state. Kapoor ‘08Kapoor, 2008 (Ilan, Associate Professor at the Faculty of Environmental Studies, York University, "The Postcolonial Politics of Development," p. 138-139) AND made it difficult for the state to quash them or deflect their claims. Using the government as a heuristic is better pragmatically and forces us to truly investigate political structures in search of ways to improve instead of using abstract solutions for concrete impacts.Zannoti ’13 - Zannoti, Laura, associate professor of Political Science at Virginia Tech., Ph.D. from the University of Washington in 2008 and joined the Purdue University faculty in 2009. "Governmentality, Ontology, Methodology: Re-thinking Political Agency in the Global World", originally published online 30 December 2013, DOI: 10.1177/0304375413512098, P. Sage Publications MC AND leads not to apathy but to hyper- and pessimistic activism. | 11/6/21 |
ND - Incarcerated Workers AC V3Tournament: Alta Silver Black Invitational | Round: 3 | Opponent: Salem Hills AJ | Judge: Ean Neiswanger 1AC – Incarcerated WorkersAdvantageIncarcerated workers do not have a right to strike in the US.Harvard Law Review, 19 - ("Striking the Right Balance: Toward a Better Understanding of Prison Strikes," Harvard Law Review 03/8/2019, accessed 10-28-2021, https://harvardlawreview.org/2019/03/striking-the-right-balance-toward-a-better-understanding-of-prison-strikes/)//ML AND if any, room under current constitutional case law for protecting prison strikes. Incarceration disproportionately affects people of color, which causes a permanent reduction in job opportunities and quality of life. Rezal 21Adriana Rezal ~data journalism fellow with U.S. News and World Report~, 21 - ("A New Report Explores Racial Disparities in America’s Incarceration Rates," US News and World Report, 10-3-21, accessed 11-3-2021, https://www.usnews.com/news/best-states/articles/2021-10-13/report-highlights-staggering-racial-disparities-in-us-incarceration-rates)//LF AND the weight criminal history records can carry in sentencing and unequal prosecutorial charging. Prison working conditions are terrible—prisoners work in unsafe conditions and accrue thousands of dollars in debt. Eisen 20Lauren-Brooke Eisen ~director of the Brennan Center’s Justice Program where she leads the organization’s work to end mass incarceration~, 20 - ("Covid-19 Highlights the Need for Prison Labor Reform," Brennan Center for Justice, 4-17-2020, accessed 11-4-2021, https://www.brennancenter.org/our-work/analysis-opinion/covid-19-highlights-need-prison-labor-reform)//ML AND of slave labor that was ostensibly abandoned a century and a half ago. Prisoners make almost no money for their labor. Fulcher 15Patrice A. Fulcher ~Associate Professor at The John Marshall Law School~, 15 - ("," Journal of Civil Rights and Economic Development, Winter 2015, accessed 10-28-2021, https://scholarship.law.stjohns.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1759andcontext=jcred)//ML AND subminimum wages for their work and about inadequate medical and living conditions. 140 Low wages for prisoners create cycles of recidivism. Fulcher 15Patrice A. Fulcher ~Associate Professor at The John Marshall Law School~, 15 - ("," Journal of Civil Rights and Economic Development, Winter 2015, accessed 10-28-2021, https://scholarship.law.stjohns.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1759andcontext=jcred)//ML bracketed for dehumanizing language about enslaved people AND person who has been incarcerated to build his life in free society. ¶ PlanPlan: The United States ought to recognize the unconditional right of incarcerated workers to strike.SolvencyThe right to strike is key for prisoners hoping to reform the criminal justice system, allows prison laborers to publicize their conditions and assert their right to dignityHarvard Law Review, 19 - ("Striking the Right Balance: Toward a Better Understanding of Prison Strikes," Harvard Law Review 03/8/2019, accessed 10-28-2021, https://harvardlawreview.org/2019/03/striking-the-right-balance-toward-a-better-understanding-of-prison-strikes/)//ML AND , as does state constitutional and statutory law. Drawing from the broader j Incarcerated workers are uniquely vulnerable to exploitation the right to strike is a key weapon in fighting for better conditionsKelly 18 ~Kim Kelly is a freelance journalist and organizer based in Philadelphia. Her work on labor, class, politics, and culture has appeared in the New Republic, the Washington Post, the Baffler, and Esquire, among other publications, and she is the author of FIGHT LIKE HELL, a forthcoming book of intersectional labor history. "How the Ongoing Prison Strike is Connected to the Labor Movement". 9-4-2018. Teen Vogue. https://www.teenvogue.com/story/labor-day-2018-how-the-ongoing-prison-strike-is-connected-to-the-labor-movement. Accessed 11-1-2021; MJen~ AND to all, and our fellow workers on the inside are bleeding out. ====Prisoners currently face massive barriers to striking – they get punished and aren’t allowed to unionize The aff reduces incarceration across the board by shifting incentives away from exploitative laborBee, 18 - (Vanessa A., a lawyer, writer, and associate editor at Current Affairs, "How a Federal Job Guarantee Could Lower Crime and Help the Formerly Incarcerated," Intelligencer, 9-9-2018, https://nymag.com/intelligencer/2018/08/former-prisoners-should-be-included-in-a-job-guarantee.html)//marlborough-wr/ AND in the long run, this approach may be more cost-effective. FrameworkThe impact of structural violence cumulatively outweighs – challenging the structures that facilitate inequality is necessaryAnsell 17 - David A. Ansell, Senior Vice President, Associate Provost for Community Health Equity, and Michael E. Kelly Professor of Medicine at Rush University Medical Center (The Death Gap: How Inequality Kills, p. 7-10) AND . And it is wrong because we have the means to fix it. Underview 2Their disads will surely be ridiculous.(A) Ethics – The state is complicit in perpetuating inequalities that are terrible for incarcerated workers. Apply a VERY high standard of proof to any rationalization of that policy.(B) Compound Probability - Multiplied probabilities of long link chains have negligible net probabilities. This is the slippery slope fallacy.(C) Causal Direction - They will say the fractional probability of a huge impact still has a large expected value, but it’s impossible to determine the direction of low-probability links. Does the butterfly flapping its wings cause the hurricane or prevent it? Disregard tiny-probability links because they don’t guide decision-making.(D) Complexity – the DA presents a simplistic and deterministic narrative that fails to account for the myriad confounding factors that can disrupt or reverse the link chain of the DA. The most important of these is the probability that people will recognize the dangerous path they’re on and change course, e.g. leaders backing down during the Cuban Missile Crisis.(E) Decision Gridlock – Every course of action or inaction has a negligible possibility of causing extinction. This makes it impossible to prioritize averting existential risk over all else because such risk is unavoidable. We have no choice but to prioritize REALISTIC probabilities. | 12/3/21 |
ND - Incarcerated Workers AC V4Tournament: USC | Round: 4 | Opponent: Harvard-Westlake MP | Judge: Ben Cortez AdvantageIncarcerated workers do not have a right to strike in the US.Harvard Law Review, 19 - ("Striking the Right Balance: Toward a Better Understanding of Prison Strikes," Harvard Law Review 03/8/2019, accessed 10-28-2021, https://harvardlawreview.org/2019/03/striking-the-right-balance-toward-a-better-understanding-of-prison-strikes/)//ML AND if any, room under current constitutional case law for protecting prison strikes. Incarceration disproportionately affects people of color, which causes a permanent reduction in job opportunities and quality of life. Rezal 21Adriana Rezal ~data journalism fellow with U.S. News and World Report~, 21 - ("A New Report Explores Racial Disparities in America’s Incarceration Rates," US News and World Report, 10-3-21, accessed 11-3-2021, https://www.usnews.com/news/best-states/articles/2021-10-13/report-highlights-staggering-racial-disparities-in-us-incarceration-rates)//LF AND the weight criminal history records can carry in sentencing and unequal prosecutorial charging. Prison working conditions are terrible—prisoners work in unsafe conditions and accrue thousands of dollars in debt. Eisen 20Lauren-Brooke Eisen ~director of the Brennan Center’s Justice Program where she leads the organization’s work to end mass incarceration~, 20 - ("Covid-19 Highlights the Need for Prison Labor Reform," Brennan Center for Justice, 4-17-2020, accessed 11-4-2021, https://www.brennancenter.org/our-work/analysis-opinion/covid-19-highlights-need-prison-labor-reform)//ML AND of slave labor that was ostensibly abandoned a century and a half ago. Prisoners make almost no money for their labor. Fulcher 15Patrice A. Fulcher ~Associate Professor at The John Marshall Law School~, 15 - ("," Journal of Civil Rights and Economic Development, Winter 2015, accessed 10-28-2021, https://scholarship.law.stjohns.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1759andcontext=jcred)//ML AND subminimum wages for their work and about inadequate medical and living conditions. 140 Low wages for prisoners create cycles of recidivism. Fulcher 15Patrice A. Fulcher ~Associate Professor at The John Marshall Law School~, 15 - ("," Journal of Civil Rights and Economic Development, Winter 2015, accessed 10-28-2021, https://scholarship.law.stjohns.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1759andcontext=jcred)//ML bracketed for dehumanizing language about enslaved people AND person who has been incarcerated to build his life in free society. ¶ PlanPlan: The United States ought to recognize the unconditional right of incarcerated workers to strike.SolvencyThe right to strike is key for prisoners hoping to reform the criminal justice system, allows prison laborers to publicize their conditions and assert their right to dignityHarvard Law Review, 19 - ("Striking the Right Balance: Toward a Better Understanding of Prison Strikes," Harvard Law Review 03/8/2019, accessed 10-28-2021, https://harvardlawreview.org/2019/03/striking-the-right-balance-toward-a-better-understanding-of-prison-strikes/)//ML AND , as does state constitutional and statutory law. Drawing from the broader j Incarcerated workers are uniquely vulnerable to exploitation the right to strike is a key weapon in fighting for better conditionsKelly 18 ~Kim Kelly is a freelance journalist and organizer based in Philadelphia. Her work on labor, class, politics, and culture has appeared in the New Republic, the Washington Post, the Baffler, and Esquire, among other publications, and she is the author of FIGHT LIKE HELL, a forthcoming book of intersectional labor history. "How the Ongoing Prison Strike is Connected to the Labor Movement". 9-4-2018. Teen Vogue. https://www.teenvogue.com/story/labor-day-2018-how-the-ongoing-prison-strike-is-connected-to-the-labor-movement. Accessed 11-1-2021; MJen~ AND to all, and our fellow workers on the inside are bleeding out. ====Prisoners currently face massive barriers to striking – they get punished and aren’t allowed to unionize The aff reduces incarceration across the board by shifting incentives away from exploitative laborBee, 18 - (Vanessa A., a lawyer, writer, and associate editor at Current Affairs, "How a Federal Job Guarantee Could Lower Crime and Help the Formerly Incarcerated," Intelligencer, 9-9-2018, https://nymag.com/intelligencer/2018/08/former-prisoners-should-be-included-in-a-job-guarantee.html)//marlborough-wr/ AND in the long run, this approach may be more cost-effective. FrameworkThe impact of structural violence cumulatively outweighs – challenging the structures that facilitate inequality is necessaryAnsell 17 - David A. Ansell, Senior Vice President, Associate Provost for Community Health Equity, and Michael E. Kelly Professor of Medicine at Rush University Medical Center (The Death Gap: How Inequality Kills, p. 7-10) AND . And it is wrong because we have the means to fix it. Underview 2Their disads will surely be ridiculous.(A) Ethics – The state is complicit in perpetuating inequalities that are terrible for incarcerated workers. Apply a VERY high standard of proof to any rationalization of that policy.(B) Compound Probability - Multiplied probabilities of long link chains have negligible net probabilities. This is the slippery slope fallacy.(C) Causal Direction - They will say the fractional probability of a huge impact still has a large expected value, but it’s impossible to deterine the direction of low-probability links. Does the butterfly flapping its wings cause the hurricane or prevent it? Disregard tiny-probability links because they don’t guide decision-making.(D) Complexity – the DA presents a simplistic and deterministic narrative that fails to account for the myriad confounding factors that can disrupt or reverse the link chain of the DA. The most important of these is the probability that people will recognize the dangerous path they’re on and change course, e.g. leaders backing down during the Cuban Missile Crisis.(E) Decision Gridlock – Every course of action or inaction has a negligible possibility of causing extinction. This makes it impossible to prioritize averting existential risk over all else because such risk is unavoidable. We have no choice but to prioritize REALISTIC probabilities.Scholarly discourse and engagement with politics is key to effective structural reform - critique is insufficient.Purdy ’20 - Jedediah S. Britton-Purdy et al, 20 - ("Building a Law-and-Political-Economy Framework: Beyond the Twentieth-Century Synthesis by Jedediah S. Britton-Purdy, David Singh Grewal, Amy Kapczynski, K. Sabeel Rahman :: SSRN," 3-2-2020, https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract'id=3547312)//ey/ AND we are lucky, help remake our polity in more deeply democratic ways. Reform makes revolution more likely. Rejecting it condescendingly asserts the possibility of radical change is better than the certainty of real improvement.Delgado ’87 - Delgado, Richard ~teaches civil rights and critical race theory at University of Alabama School of Law. He has written and co-authored numerous articles and books~, "The Ethereal Scholar: Does Critical Legal Studies Have What Minorities Want?", Harvard Civil Rights - Civil Liberties Law Review, 1987 AND whether total change, when it comes, will be what we want. Adopt a hybridizing strategy - exploiting contradictions in hegemonic discourse maintains critical distance while effectively challenging the state. Kapoor ‘08Kapoor, 2008 (Ilan, Associate Professor at the Faculty of Environmental Studies, York University, "The Postcolonial Politics of Development," p. 138-139) AND part, this involves nurturing or manipulating the splits and strains within institutions. | 12/12/21 |
SO - COVID AC 10Tournament: CSU Long Beach | Round: 1 | Opponent: Solebury LM | Judge: Jan Wimmer I. Vaccine ApartheidA TRIPS waiver for covid vaccines will not pass in the squo. Baschuk 7/26Bryce Baschuk ~Reporter, Bloomberg Economics~, 21 - ("WTO Holiday From Vaccine Equity Talks Draws Calls for Action," Bloomberg, 7-26-2021, accessed 8-18-2021, https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2021-07-26/wto-s-holiday-from-vaccine-equity-talks-draws-calls-for-action)//ML AND ," said Thiru Balasubramaniam a managing director at Knowledge Ecology International in Europe. The only way to solve the pandemic is global vaccination, but current production is woefully short.Public Citizen 3/29 - Public Citizen ~"Public Citizen is a nonprofit consumer advocacy organization that champions the public interest in the halls of power. We defend democracy, resist corporate power and work to ensure that government works for the people – not for big corporations. Founded in 1971, we now have 500,000 members and supporters throughout the country. We don’t participate in partisan political activities or endorse any candidates for elected office. We take no government or corporate money, which enables us to remain fiercely independent and call out bad actors – no matter who they are or how much power and money they have."~, "Waiver of the WTO’s Intellectual Property Rules: Facts vs. Common Myths," Public Citizen Global Trade Watch Series. March 29, 2021. Accessed Aug. 10, 2021. https://www.citizen.org/article/waiver-of-the-wtos-intellectual-property-rules-myths-vs-facts/ AT AND must reverse it to speed the end of the COVID-19 pandemic. Changing IP laws is key to combatting global health inequality and vaccine apartheid. Rich countries hoard vaccine supply, which means donor models never solve and reinforce colonialism. Harman et al 6/21Sophie Harman ~professor of Politics and International Relations, Queen Mary University of London~, Parsa Erfani ~Fogarty Global Health Fellow at the University of Global Health Equity and a medical student at Harvard Medical School~, Tinashe Goronga ~Community Organiser Equal Health Global Campaign Against Racism at EqualHealth~, Jason Hickel, Michelle Morse, Eugene T Richardson 6/21 - ("Global vaccine equity demands reparative justice — not charity," BMJ Global Health, 6/21/2021, https://gh.bmj.com/content/6/6/e006504)//ML AND the COVID-19 pandemic can be a first step in this direction. Compulsory licensing is not sufficient – drug company resistance, IP thickets, and devolved decision-making.Stiglitz and Wallach 4/26 - Joseph E. Stiglitz and Lori Wallach ~Joseph E. Stiglitz, co-recipient of the 2001 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economics Sciences, teaches at Columbia University. Lori Wallach is the director of Public Citizen’s Global Trade Watch.~, "Opinion: Preserving intellectual property barriers to covid-19 vaccines is morally wrong and foolish," Washington Post (Web). April 26, 2021. Accessed Aug. 10, 2021. https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/2021/04/26/preserving-intellectual-property-barriers-covid-19-vaccines-is-morally-wrong-foolish/ AT AND medicines with complex global supply chains, such as covid-19 vaccines. Vaccine shortfall causes widespread death and poverty.Public Citizen 3/1 - Public Citizen ~"Public Citizen is a nonprofit consumer advocacy organization that champions the public interest in the halls of power. We defend democracy, resist corporate power and work to ensure that government works for the people – not for big corporations. Founded in 1971, we now have 500,000 members and supporters throughout the country. We don’t participate in partisan political activities or endorse any candidates for elected office. We take no government or corporate money, which enables us to remain fiercely independent and call out bad actors – no matter who they are or how much power and money they have."~, "Backgrounder: WTO-Required Monopolies for Pharmaceutical Corporations Obstruct Global Production of COVID-19 Vaccines and Treatment," Public Citizen Global Trade Watch Series. March 1, 2021. Accessed Aug. 12, 2021. https://www.citizen.org/article/wto-required-monopolies-for-pharmaceutical-corporations-obstruct-global-production-of-covid-19-vaccines-and-treatments/ AT AND income countries’ populations could reduce global losses by $5.5 trillion. Poverty and disease are mutually reinforcing, causing staggering suffering and injustice.Hollis and Pogge ’08 - Aidan Hollis ~Associate Professor of Economics, the University of Calgary~ and Thomas Pogge ~Leitner Professor of Philosophy and International Affairs, Yale University~, "The Health Impact Fund Making New Medicines Accessible for All," Incentives for Global Health (2008) AT AND a crucial role in explaining the catastrophic health situation among the global poor. II. SolvencyPlan text: The member nations of the World Trade Organization ought to waive intellectual property protections for Covid-19 related medicines.Public Citizen 6/22 - Public Citizen et. al, "Please Speedily Secure Implementation of a COVID-19 Emergency Waiver of WTO TRIPS Rules for Vaccines, Tests and Treatments," Open Letter to President Joe Biden. June 22, 2021. https://www.citizenstrade.org/ctc/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/COVIDTRIPSWaiver'SignOnLtr2'062221.pdf~~#new'tab AT AND term impact on people’s health and the world’s health system would be unprecedented. A waiver would increase leverage over pharma and provide legal certainty needed to spur critical production.Stiglitz and Wallach 4/26 - Joseph E. Stiglitz and Lori Wallach ~Joseph E. Stiglitz, co-recipient of the 2001 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economics Sciences, teaches at Columbia University. Lori Wallach is the director of Public Citizen’s Global Trade Watch.~, "Opinion: Preserving intellectual property barriers to covid-19 vaccines is morally wrong and foolish," Washington Post (Web). April 26, 2021. Accessed Aug. 10, 2021. https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/2021/04/26/preserving-intellectual-property-barriers-covid-19-vaccines-is-morally-wrong-foolish/ AT AND the world, as well as diagnostic tests and vaccine supply chain products. Legal certainty unlocks global production.Public Citizen 3/29 - Public Citizen ~"Public Citizen is a nonprofit consumer advocacy organization that champions the public interest in the halls of power. We defend democracy, resist corporate power and work to ensure that government works for the people – not for big corporations. Founded in 1971, we now have 500,000 members and supporters throughout the country. We don’t participate in partisan political activities or endorse any candidates for elected office. We take no government or corporate money, which enables us to remain fiercely independent and call out bad actors – no matter who they are or how much power and money they have."~, "Waiver of the WTO’s Intellectual Property Rules: Facts vs. Common Myths," Public Citizen Global Trade Watch Series. March 29, 2021. Accessed Aug. 10, 2021. https://www.citizen.org/article/waiver-of-the-wtos-intellectual-property-rules-myths-vs-facts/ AT AND the platform that, for instance, the Johnson and Johnson vaccine uses. Manufacturing capacity is widespread around the world.Public Citizen 3/29 - Public Citizen ~"Public Citizen is a nonprofit consumer advocacy organization that champions the public interest in the halls of power. We defend democracy, resist corporate power and work to ensure that government works for the people – not for big corporations. Founded in 1971, we now have 500,000 members and supporters throughout the country. We don’t participate in partisan political activities or endorse any candidates for elected office. We take no government or corporate money, which enables us to remain fiercely independent and call out bad actors – no matter who they are or how much power and money they have."~, "Waiver of the WTO’s Intellectual Property Rules: Facts vs. Common Myths," Public Citizen Global Trade Watch Series. March 29, 2021. Accessed Aug. 10, 2021. https://www.citizen.org/article/waiver-of-the-wtos-intellectual-property-rules-myths-vs-facts/ AT AND the platform that, for instance, the Johnson and Johnson vaccine uses. III. FramingThe Aff challenges dehumanizing cultural frames that allow us to ignore human suffering. Recognition of common vulnerability is key to a politics that rejects violence, oppression, and indifference.Butler ’04 - Judith Butler ~Prof. of Rhetoric and Comparative Literature, University of California at Berkeley~, Precarious Life: The Powers of Mourning and Violence. New York: Verso (2006; First Published 2004). pp. 30-35 AT AND also, in the media, for the most part unmarkable and ungrievable. The Aff challenges the hegemonic ideology of the status quo by rejecting sacrificial rationalizations. That logic is the basis for colonialism, slavery, genocide, war, and global poverty.Santos 3 2003, Boaventura de Souza Santos is a Professor of Sociology at the University of Coimbra, "Collective Suicide?", Bad Subjects, Issue ~# 63 , http://www.ces.fe.uc.pt/opiniao/bss/072en.php AND machine of democracy and liberty turns into a machine of horror and destruction. Underview 1Scholarly discourse and engagement with politics is key to effective structural reform - critique is insufficient.Purdy ’20 - Jedediah S. Britton-Purdy et al, 20 - ("Building a Law-and-Political-Economy Framework: Beyond the Twentieth-Century Synthesis by Jedediah S. Britton-Purdy, David Singh Grewal, Amy Kapczynski, K. Sabeel Rahman :: SSRN," 3-2-2020, https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract'id=3547312)//ey/ AND we are lucky, help remake our polity in more deeply democratic ways. Adopt a hybridizing strategy - exploiting contradictions in hegemonic discourse maintains critical distance while effectively challenging the state. Kapoor ‘08Kapoor, 2008 (Ilan, Associate Professor at the Faculty of Environmental Studies, York University, "The Postcolonial Politics of Development," p. 138-139) AND made it difficult for the state to quash them or deflect their claims. Reform makes revolution more likely. Rejecting it condescendingly asserts the possibility of radical change is better than the certainty of real improvement.Delgado ’87 - Delgado, Richard ~teaches civil rights and critical race theory at University of Alabama School of Law. He has written and co-authored numerous articles and books~, "The Ethereal Scholar: Does Critical Legal Studies Have What Minorities Want?", Harvard Civil Rights - Civil Liberties Law Review, 1987 AND whether total change, when it comes, will be what we want. Using the government as a heuristic is better pragmatically and forces us to truly investigate political structures in search of ways to improve instead of using abstract solutions for concrete impacts.Zannoti ’13 - Zannoti, Laura, associate professor of Political Science at Virginia Tech., Ph.D. from the University of Washington in 2008 and joined the Purdue University faculty in 2009. "Governmentality, Ontology, Methodology: Re-thinking Political Agency in the Global World", originally published online 30 December 2013, DOI: 10.1177/0304375413512098, P. Sage Publications MC AND my position leads not to apathy but to hyper- and pessimistic activism. | 9/18/21 |
SO - MSF AC V1Tournament: Nano Nagle | Round: 1 | Opponent: Midlothian AC | Judge: Samantha McLoughlin AdvantageIP undermines competition and keeps medicine prices high.MSF ’17 – Médecins Sans Frontières ~Doctors Without Borders - Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF) is an international, independent, medical humanitarian organisation that delivers emergency aid to people affected by armed conflict, epidemics, healthcare exclusion and natural or man-made disasters.~, "A Fair Shot for Vaccine Affordability: Understanding and addressing the effects of patents on access to newer vaccines," September, 2017. Accessed Aug. 12, 2021. https://msfaccess.org/sites/default/files/2018-06/VAC'report'A20Fair20Shot20for20Vaccine20Affordability'ENG'2017.pdf AT AND technical know-how and an accurate assessment of the vaccine patent landscape. Millions, including many children, die from pneumonia and HPV, but low-income countries and families can’t afford the vaccines to prevent them.MSF ’17 – Médecins Sans Frontières ~Doctors Without Borders - Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF) is an international, independent, medical humanitarian organisation that delivers emergency aid to people affected by armed conflict, epidemics, healthcare exclusion and natural or man-made disasters.~, "A Fair Shot for Vaccine Affordability: Understanding and addressing the effects of patents on access to newer vaccines," September, 2017. Accessed Aug. 12, 2021. https://msfaccess.org/sites/default/files/2018-06/VAC'report'A20Fair20Shot20for20Vaccine20Affordability'ENG'2017.pdf AT AND example in the Philippines, and is preparing to do so in Zimbabwe. Poverty and disease are mutually reinforcing, causing staggering suffering and injustice.Hollis and Pogge ’08 - Aidan Hollis ~Associate Professor of Economics, the University of Calgary~ and Thomas Pogge ~Leitner Professor of Philosophy and International Affairs, Yale University~, "The Health Impact Fund Making New Medicines Accessible for All," Incentives for Global Health (2008) AT AND a crucial role in explaining the catastrophic health situation among the global poor. We have a duty to assist others when the tradeoff is morally insignificant. This simple precept is more compelling than arcane moral reasoning or tortured negative fantasizing about remote catastrophes. If you came across a drowning child, would you wade in to save them or contemplate the possibility that you might cause nuclear war?Singer ’72 - Peter Singer ~Prof. Bioethics at Princeton~ "Famine, Affluence, and Morality" Philosophy and Public Affairs, vol. 1, no. 1 Spring 1972 AT AND cases in which I am just one among millions in the same position. SolvencyThe member nations of the World Trade Organization ought to reduce intellectual property protections for medicines using the mechanisms described by MSF ’17:MSF ’17 – Médecins Sans Frontières ~Doctors Without Borders - Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF) is an international, independent, medical humanitarian organisation that delivers emergency aid to people affected by armed conflict, epidemics, healthcare exclusion and natural or man-made disasters.~, "A Fair Shot for Vaccine Affordability: Understanding and addressing the effects of patents on access to newer vaccines," September, 2017. Accessed Aug. 12, 2021. https://msfaccess.org/sites/default/files/2018-06/VAC'report'A20Fair20Shot20for20Vaccine20Affordability'ENG'2017.pdf AT AND facilitate follow-on development and foster robust competition for new vaccines.75 The neoliberal drive to privatization created the tragedy of the anti-commons, stifling innovation through excessive protection of ever more segmented intellectual property.Heller and Eisenberg ’98 - Michael Heller ~Prof. of Property Law, Columbia Law School~ and Rebecca S. Eisenberg ~Prof. of Patent Law, Michigan Law~, "Can Patents Deter Innovation? The Anticommons in Biomedical Research," SCIENCE, VOL. 280, P. 698, 1998 (1998). https://scholarship.law.columbia.edu/faculty'scholarship/1158 AT AND , adding to the cost and slowing the pace of downstream biomedical innovation. The Aff challenges dehumanizing cultural frames that allow us to ignore human suffering. Recognition of common vulnerability is key to a politics that rejects violence, oppression, and indifference.Butler ’04 - Judith Butler ~Prof. of Rhetoric and Comparative Literature, University of California at Berkeley~, Precarious Life: The Powers of Mourning and Violence. New York: Verso (2006; First Published 2004). pp. 30-35 AT AND also, in the media, for the most part unmarkable and ungrievable. Underview 2Their disads will surely be ridiculous.(A) Ethics – WTO countries are complicit in hoarding lifesaving medicines from the world’s most vulnerable people. Apply a VERY high standard of proof to any rationalization of that policy.(B) Compound Probability - Multiplied probabilities of long link chains have negligible net probabilities. This is the slippery slope fallacy.(C) Causal Direction - They will say the fractional probability of a huge impact still has a large expected value, but it’s impossible to determine the direction of low-probability links. Does the butterfly flapping its wings cause the hurricane or prevent it? Disregard tiny-probability links because they don’t guide decision-making.(D) Complexity – the DA presents a simplistic and deterministic narrative that fails to account for the myriad confounding factors that can disrupt or reverse the link chain of the DA. The most important of these is the probability that people will recognize the dangerous path they’re on and change course, e.g. leaders backing down during the Cuban Missile Crisis.(E) Decision Gridlock – Every course of action or inaction has a negligible possibility of causing extinction. This makes it impossible | 10/8/21 |
SO - MSF AC V2Tournament: St Marks | Round: 2 | Opponent: Loyola LR | Judge: Vishan Chaudhary AdvantageIP undermines competition and keeps medicine prices high.MSF ’17 – Médecins Sans Frontières ~Doctors Without Borders - Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF) is an international, independent, medical humanitarian organisation that delivers emergency aid to people affected by armed conflict, epidemics, healthcare exclusion and natural or man-made disasters.~, "A Fair Shot for Vaccine Affordability: Understanding and addressing the effects of patents on access to newer vaccines," September, 2017. Accessed Aug. 12, 2021. https://msfaccess.org/sites/default/files/2018-06/VAC'report'A20Fair20Shot20for20Vaccine20Affordability'ENG'2017.pdf AT AND technical know-how and an accurate assessment of the vaccine patent landscape. Millions, including many children, die from pneumonia and HPV, but low-income countries and families can’t afford the vaccines to prevent them.MSF ’17 – Médecins Sans Frontières ~Doctors Without Borders - Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF) is an international, independent, medical humanitarian organisation that delivers emergency aid to people affected by armed conflict, epidemics, healthcare exclusion and natural or man-made disasters.~, "A Fair Shot for Vaccine Affordability: Understanding and addressing the effects of patents on access to newer vaccines," September, 2017. Accessed Aug. 12, 2021. https://msfaccess.org/sites/default/files/2018-06/VAC'report'A20Fair20Shot20for20Vaccine20Affordability'ENG'2017.pdf AT AND example in the Philippines, and is preparing to do so in Zimbabwe. Poverty and disease are mutually reinforcing, causing staggering suffering and injustice.Hollis and Pogge ’08 - Aidan Hollis ~Associate Professor of Economics, the University of Calgary~ and Thomas Pogge ~Leitner Professor of Philosophy and International Affairs, Yale University~, "The Health Impact Fund Making New Medicines Accessible for All," Incentives for Global Health (2008) AT AND a crucial role in explaining the catastrophic health situation among the global poor. We have a duty to assist others when the tradeoff is morally insignificant. This simple precept is more compelling than arcane moral reasoning or tortured negative fantasizing about remote catastrophes. If you came across a drowning child, would you wade in to save them or contemplate the possibility that you might cause nuclear war?Singer ’72 - Peter Singer ~Prof. Bioethics at Princeton~ "Famine, Affluence, and Morality" Philosophy and Public Affairs, vol. 1, no. 1 Spring 1972 AT AND cases in which I am just one among millions in the same position. SolvencyThe member nations of the World Trade Organization ought to reduce intellectual property protections for medicines using the mechanisms described by MSF ’17:MSF ’17 – Médecins Sans Frontières ~Doctors Without Borders - Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF) is an international, independent, medical humanitarian organisation that delivers emergency aid to people affected by armed conflict, epidemics, healthcare exclusion and natural or man-made disasters.~, "A Fair Shot for Vaccine Affordability: Understanding and addressing the effects of patents on access to newer vaccines," September, 2017. Accessed Aug. 12, 2021. https://msfaccess.org/sites/default/files/2018-06/VAC'report'A20Fair20Shot20for20Vaccine20Affordability'ENG'2017.pdf AT AND facilitate follow-on development and foster robust competition for new vaccines.75 The neoliberal drive to privatization created the tragedy of the anti-commons, stifling innovation through excessive protection of ever more segmented intellectual property.Heller and Eisenberg ’98 - Michael Heller ~Prof. of Property Law, Columbia Law School~ and Rebecca S. Eisenberg ~Prof. of Patent Law, Michigan Law~, "Can Patents Deter Innovation? The Anticommons in Biomedical Research," SCIENCE, VOL. 280, P. 698, 1998 (1998). https://scholarship.law.columbia.edu/faculty'scholarship/1158 AT AND , adding to the cost and slowing the pace of downstream biomedical innovation. The Aff challenges dehumanizing cultural frames that allow us to ignore human suffering. Recognition of common vulnerability is key to a politics that rejects violence, oppression, and indifference.Butler ’04 - Judith Butler ~Prof. of Rhetoric and Comparative Literature, University of California at Berkeley~, Precarious Life: The Powers of Mourning and Violence. New York: Verso (2006; First Published 2004). pp. 30-35 AT AND also, in the media, for the most part unmarkable and ungrievable. Underview 2Their disads will surely be ridiculous.(A) Ethics – WTO countries are complicit in hoarding lifesaving medicines from the world’s most vulnerable people. Apply a VERY high standard of proof to any rationalization of that policy.(B) Compound Probability - Multiplied probabilities of long link chains have negligible net probabilities. This is the slippery slope fallacy.(C) Causal Direction - They will say the fractional probability of a huge impact still has a large expected value, but it’s impossible to determine the direction of low-probability links. Does the butterfly flapping its wings cause the hurricane or prevent it? Disregard tiny-probability links because they don’t guide decision-making.(D) Complexity – the DA presents a simplistic and deterministic narrative that fails to account for the myriad confounding factors that can disrupt or reverse the link chain of the DA. The most important of these is the probability that people will recognize the dangerous path they’re on and change course, e.g. leaders backing down during the Cuban Missile Crisis.(E) Decision Gridlock – Every course of action or inaction has a negligible possibility of causing extinction.This makes it impossibleto prioritize averting existential risk over all else because such risk is unavoidable. We have no choice but to prioritize REALISTIC probabilities(F) Apocalyptic rhetoric is an independent voter – justifies violence, trades off with addressing real risks, and causes nihilism.Pinker ’18 - Steven Pinker ~Johnston Professor of Psychology, Harvard U.~, Enlightenment Now: The Case for Reason, Science, Humanism, and Progress. New York: Viking. (2018). pp. 291-292 AND fear that civilization may implode and there’s nothing anyone can do about it. (G) Distrust low-probability predictions of catastrophe – subjectivity, cognitive bias, and history of failed predictions.Pinker ’18 - Steven Pinker ~Johnston Professor of Psychology, Harvard U.~, Enlightenment Now: The Case for Reason, Science, Humanism, and Progress. New York: Viking. (2018). pp. 292-295 AND but it reminds us that we are vulnerable to techno-apocalyptic delusions. (H) No infinite-risk analysis. Low-probability existential threats can’t be compared, and are so unlikely that a reasonable decision-maker can ignore them.Dolley ’86 - Steven D. Dolley ~University of Vermont~, "APOCALYPSE WHEN?:Determining and Comparing Catastrophic Risks," Fertile Ground : The Agriculture Debate (1986). AT
AND . So, excuse me for a moment; the music has stopped. (I) Hold extinction impacts to a high burden of proof. Even huge disasters don’t lead to extinction. Just calling something existential doesn’t make it so.Pinker ’18 - Steven Pinker ~Johnston Professor of Psychology, Harvard U.~, Enlightenment Now: The Case for Reason, Science, Humanism, and Progress. New York: Viking. (2018). pp. 305-306 AND country was struck with a devastating denial-of-service cyberattack.56 (J)Prioritize probability.Kessler 08 (Oliver; April 2008; PhD in IR, professor of sociology at the University of Bielefeld, and professor of history and theory of IR at the Faculty of Arts; Alternatives, Vol. 33, "From Insecurity to Uncertainty: Risk and the Paradox of Security Politics" p. 211-232) AND prevail than in situations where security problems can be assessed with relative certainty. (J) We can’t predict extinction impactsMatheson 15 (Calum Matheson – This is his PhD dissertation at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, "Desired Ground Zeros: Nuclear Imagination and the Death Drive", https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/indexablecontent/uuid:4bbcb13b-0b5f-43a1-884c-fcd6e6411fd6, pgs. 77 – 86,) Herman Kahn and Bernard Brodie, perhaps the most prominent American strategists of the early Cold War | 10/16/21 |
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