Lynbrook Modi Neg
| Tournament | Round | Opponent | Judge | Cites | Round Report | Open Source | Edit/Delete |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Loyola | 4 | Peninsula BD | Nathan Russel |
|
|
| |
| Loyola | 5 | Portola AS | David Dosch |
|
|
| |
| Loyola | Triples | Scripps Ranch AS | Asher Towner, Derek Hilligoss, Neville Tom |
|
|
| |
| Loyola | 2 | Millard North YL | Lena Mizrahi |
|
|
| |
| Nano Nagle | 2 | Oxford VD | Emmiee Malyugina |
|
|
| |
| Nano Nagle | 5 | Harker NA | Gerard Grigsby |
|
|
| |
| Nano Nagle | Doubles | Troy Independent AP | Gerard Grigsby, Ben Cortez, Sai Karavadi |
|
|
| |
| Nano Nagle | Quarters | Sage MP | Gordon Krauss, Ben Cortez, Felicity Park |
|
|
| |
| x | Finals | x | x |
|
|
| Tournament | Round | Report |
|---|---|---|
| Loyola | 4 | Opponent: Peninsula BD | Judge: Nathan Russel 1AC - vaccine imperialism |
| Loyola | 5 | Opponent: Portola AS | Judge: David Dosch 1AC - vaccine waivers |
| Loyola | Triples | Opponent: Scripps Ranch AS | Judge: Asher Towner, Derek Hilligoss, Neville Tom 1AC - deleuze |
| Loyola | 2 | Opponent: Millard North YL | Judge: Lena Mizrahi 1AC - techno-orientalism nonT |
| Nano Nagle | 2 | Opponent: Oxford VD | Judge: Emmiee Malyugina 1AC - racial capbiopiracy |
| Nano Nagle | 5 | Opponent: Harker NA | Judge: Gerard Grigsby 1AC - trade secrets |
| Nano Nagle | Doubles | Opponent: Troy Independent AP | Judge: Gerard Grigsby, Ben Cortez, Sai Karavadi 1AC - biopiracy |
| Nano Nagle | Quarters | Opponent: Sage MP | Judge: Gordon Krauss, Ben Cortez, Felicity Park 1AC - jordan |
To modify or delete round reports, edit the associated round.
Cites
| Entry | Date |
|---|---|
0 - ContactTournament: x | Round: Finals | Opponent: x | Judge: x Messenger (send a friend request or I won't see your message): https://www.facebook.com/shreeram.modi.31/ Please use the email for email chains, and if you're going to make the chain it would help if the email subject had some info about the round, e.g.: CPS Round 1 Lynbrook SM vs XYZschool AB I'd appreciate content warnings about mental health/anxiety/suicide. If there's anything I can do to make the round more accessible for you please let me know =) | 8/17/21 |
0 - DisclosureTournament: x | Round: Finals | Opponent: x | Judge: x If there are any issues with my disclosure, or you would prefer me to disclose in a certain way *please* let me know before the round because I'm more than happy to reasonably comply. | 8/17/21 |
0 - NavigationTournament: x | Round: Finals | Opponent: x | Judge: x | 8/17/21 |
1 - CP - BifoTournament: Nano Nagle | Round: 2 | Opponent: Oxford VD | Judge: Emmiee Malyugina Counterplan Text – Do the affirmative but vote negative. The 1AC operates from the position of the intellectual— acting as the interpreter of the truth to debate community as a revolutionary mass. They are just another part of the productive process.Bifo 09, Franco " Bifo " Berardi (born 2 November 1948 in Bologna, Italy) is an Italian Marxist theorist and activist in the autonomist tradition, whose work mainly focuses on the role of the media and information technology within post-industrial capitalism, Precarious Rhapsody, 2009, www.minorcompositions.info/wp-content/uploads/2009/06/PrecariousRhapsodyWeb.pdf /AHS PB AND subjectivity tied to the mass standardization of intellectual capacity in advanced industrial society. | 10/9/21 |
1 - NC - Truth TestingTournament: Nano Nagle | Round: 2 | Opponent: Oxford VD | Judge: Emmiee Malyugina Role of the ballot: Vote for the debater who best defends the truth or falsity of the resolution. The aff burden is to prove the resolution is true, and the neg is to prove its falsity. Prefer:~1~ Text: Five dictionaries define to negate as to deny the truth of and affirm as to prove true which means the sole judge obligation is to vote on the resolution’s truth or falsity. This outweighs on common usage – it is abundantly clear that our roles are verified.~2~ Co-opts their role of the ballot – they say we need to study racial scripts, but that assumes truth testing (a) intrinsically – proving one methodology good assumes we’ve proven its truth and (b) any comparison between worlds requires proving a statement "X world is more desirable than the Y world" true. FREGE ‘03:Frege, Gottlob. "The Thought: A Logical Inquiry" in Logicism and the Philosophy of Language: Selections from Frege and Russell. Broadview Press. March 2003. Pg. 204. AND to the thought by my ascribing to it the property of truth. \." And, their role of the ballot enforces an external norm on debate, but only truth testing is intrinsic to the process of debate i.e. proving statements true or false through argumentation. Only constitutive rules are relevant to debate, not pragmatic or higher purposes because a practice only makes sense based on its intrinsic rules i.e you cannot makeup new rules about random moves in the game of chess. | 10/9/21 |
1 - T - Framework vs BiopiracyTournament: Nano Nagle | Round: 2 | Opponent: Oxford VD | Judge: Emmiee Malyugina Interpretation: Aff offense can only stem from the hypothetical implementation of the resolution through a governmental policy.Resolved implies a policyLouisiana House 3-8-2005, http://house.louisiana.gov/house-glossary.htm** AND , 13.1 , 6.8 , and 7.4) Only governments can reduce intellectual property protections. Lindsey 6/3Brink Lindsey, 6-3-2021, "Why intellectual property and pandemics don’t mix," Brookings, https://www.brookings.edu/blog/up-front/2021/06/03/why-intellectual-property-and-pandemics-dont-mix/** AND employ other, more direct means to incentivize the development of new drugs. Standards:1~ Predictable Limits – post-facto topic adjustment structurally favors the aff by manipulating the balance of prep which is anchored around the resolution as a stasis point. Not debating the topic allows someone to specialize in one area of the library for 4 years giving them a huge edge over people who switch research focus every 2 months.2~ Switch side and idea-testing – only a limited topic that leaves a role for the negative allows contestation and second-order testing that overcomes polarization.3~ The TVA solves: Westwood broke an aff with a solvency advocate that endorses total elimination of bioprospecting and traditional knowledge from patentability (inserted below). Any disads to the TVA proves enough ground for both sides.
AND IK in perpetuity as the inherent and inalienable cultural property of Indigenous peoples. Voters:Procedural fairness is a voter –—-A~ Decision-making – every argument concedes to the validity of fairness i.e. that the judge will make a fair decision based on the arguments presented.—-B~ Debate inevitably involves exclusions—-the only non-arbitrary exclusion is the topic—-C~ Probability and Solvency – voting aff can’t solve any of their impacts but it can solve ours. All the ballot does is tell tab who won which can’t stop any violence but can resolve the fairness imbalance in this particular debate.Drop the debater to deter further abuse. Competing interps because A~ reasonability is arbitrary and invites judge intervention, B~ there’s no predictable Brightline and prevents race to the bottom of what is considered reasonable C~ Reasonability collapses to competing interps the brightline and counter interp are functionally the same. Evaluate theory after the 2NR key to structural reciprocity since we both get 1 rebuttal speech with the shells. Reject 1AR theory A~ 7-6 Time skew means they can brute force bad norms B~ NO 3NR so 2ar gets to weigh however they want. No RVI’s A~ they will just bait t and only prep that killing substance debate. B~ it’s a litmus test for what counts as substance they shouldn’t win for meeting it. Don’t let them gain offense off a counterinterpretation that isn’t defending the violation as is, A~ creates impossible to maintain norms since every round is different in its own way, B~ using planks change how the violation functions in turn not justifying an entirely exclusive norm. | 10/9/21 |
1 - T - Framework vs Biopiracy v2Tournament: Nano Nagle | Round: Doubles | Opponent: Troy Independent AP | Judge: Gerard Grigsby, Ben Cortez, Sai Karavadi 1NC – ROJThe role of the judge is to vote for the debater who wins the highest layer of the flow – anything else is self-serving, arbitrary, excludes a ton of arguments, and doesn’t promote weighing or engagement. Evaluate theory above any role of the ballot because theory controls what substance is good and sets long lasting norms for debate which outweighs on magnitude and timeframe.1NC – TInterpretation: Aff offense can only stem from the hypothetical implementation of the resolution through a governmental policy.Resolved implies a policyLouisiana House 3-8-2005, http://house.louisiana.gov/house-glossary.htm** AND , 13.1 , 6.8 , and 7.4) Only governments can reduce intellectual property protections. Lindsey 6/3Brink Lindsey, 6-3-2021, "Why intellectual property and pandemics don’t mix," Brookings, https://www.brookings.edu/blog/up-front/2021/06/03/why-intellectual-property-and-pandemics-dont-mix/** AND employ other, more direct means to incentivize the development of new drugs. Standards:1~ Predictable Limits – post-facto topic adjustment structurally favors the aff by manipulating the balance of prep which is anchored around the resolution as a stasis point. Not debating the topic allows someone to specialize in one area of the library for 4 years giving them a huge edge over people who switch research focus every 2 months. Prior question to their ROB since even if these issues are important their model makes it impossible to generate discussions and engage.2~ Process: Debate is about process not content – switching sides prevents debate from turning into an echo chamber. Muir 93Department of Communications at George Mason (Star A., "A Defense of the Ethics of Contemporary Debate," Philosophy and Rhetoric, Vol. 26, No. 4. Gale Academic Onefile) AND reasons, is a central element of any effort to gain such insight. Also turns case since dogmatism is the root cause of ethnocentric and colonialist views.3~ Clash – Abdicating government actions sanctions picking any interp for debate. Incentivizes retreat from controversy and forces the neg to first characterize the aff and then debate it which eliminates the benefits of preround research. A common point of engagement ensures effective clash, which is a linear impact – negation is the necessary condition for distinguishing debate from discussion, but negation exists on a sliding scale. Clash comes first since any impact from debate necessitates contestation since it stems critical thinking and argument reflection.3~ The TVA solves: Westwood broke an aff with a solvency advocate that endorses total elimination of biopiracy and traditional knowledge from patentability. Any disads to the TVA proves enough ground for both sides.IPW ‘06 ~Intellectual Property Watch quoting Debra Harry — executive director of the Indigenous Peoples’ Council on Biocolonialism, and a member of the Paiute tribe in the United States, "Inside Views: Indigenous Groups Tell WIPO, ‘Don’t Patent Our Traditional Knowledge’", https://www.ip-watch.org/2006/12/06/inside-views-indigenous-groups-tell-wipo-dont-patent-our-traditional-knowledge/~~//pranav AND IK in perpetuity as the inherent and inalienable cultural property of Indigenous peoples. Procedural fairness is a voter –—-A~ Decision-making – every argument concedes to the validity of fairness i.e. that the judge will make a fair decision based on the arguments presented.—-B~ Debate inevitably involves exclusions—-the only non-arbitrary exclusion is the topic—-C~ Probability and Solvency – voting aff can’t solve any of their impacts but it can solve ours. All the ballot does is tell tab who won which can’t stop any violence but can resolve the fairness imbalance in this particular debate.Drop the debater to deter further abuse. Competing interps because A~ reasonability is arbitrary and invites judge intervention, B~ there’s no predictable Brightline and prevents race to the bottom of what is considered reasonable C~ Reasonability collapses to competing interps the brightline and counter interp are functionally the same.They can’t weigh the case—lack of preround prep means their truth claims are untested which you should presume false—they’re also only winning case because we couldn’t engage with it | 10/10/21 |
1 - T - Framework vs DeleuzeTournament: Loyola | Round: Triples | Opponent: Scripps Ranch AS | Judge: Asher Towner, Derek Hilligoss, Neville Tom ROJThe role of the judge is to vote for the debater who wins the highest layer of the flow – anything else is self-serving, arbitrary, excludes a ton of arguments, and doesn’t promote weighing or engagement. Evaluate theory above any role of the judge because theory controls what substance is good and sets legit norms for debate which outweighs on magnitude.Their ROB:1~ ROJ comes first since it’s a q of what you as a judge should do rather than the ballot2~ It’s completely arbitrary – none of this is specific to debate and doesn’t warrant why this should be the function *of debate*3~ Turn – dominant epistemologies can only be challenged if we maintain the structure of debate, otherwise allows it to become an echo chamber where the majority just overpowers1NC – TInterpretation: Aff offense can only stem from the hypothetical implementation of the resolution.This means that you should only vote affirmative if they prove that a world in which WTO member nations reduce IP protections for medicines is better than the status quo or a competitive alternative.This does not require the use of any particular style, type of evidence, or assumption about the role of the ballot or judge – just that the topic should determine the debate’s subject matter: it was announced beforehand.Reduce means to diminish in sizeMichigan District Court 11 "SAGINAW OFFICE SERVICE, INC., Plaintiff, v. BANK OF AMERICA, N.A., Defendant. Civil Action No. 09-CV-13889 UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT FOR THE EASTERN DISTRICT OF MICHIGAN, SOUTHERN DIVISION," Lexis AND embody an expansive scope that views complete deletion as a subset of diminution. Medicine refers to a substance used in the treatment of diseaseMerriam Webster ND ~"Medicine." Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary, Merriam-Webster, Accessed 27 Jun. 2021 https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/medicine. Ww AND such as a drug or potion) used to treat something other than disease Governments reduce intellectual property protections. Lindsey 6/3Brink Lindsey, 6-3-2021, "Why intellectual property and pandemics don’t mix," Brookings, https://www.brookings.edu/blog/up-front/2021/06/03/why-intellectual-property-and-pandemics-dont-mix/** AND employ other, more direct means to incentivize the development of new drugs. CX proves the violation – their offense stems from their orientation towards debate and their method rather than specific impacts of debate. It was very very clear that the aff garners offense off their positionality towards subjectivity and fluidityLimits - There are infinite non-topical AFFs that generates an unreasonable negative prep burden – a precise and predictable point of difference is key to effective dialogue. Steinberg and Freeley 13Steinberg and Freeley 13, * David, Lecturer in Communication studies and rhetoric. Advisor to Miami Urban Debate League. Director of Debate at U Miami, Former President of CEDA. And Austin, attorney who focuses on criminal, personal injury and civil rights law, JD, Suffolk University, Argumentation and Debate, Critical Thinking for Reasoned Decision Making, 121-4. AND engaging. The point is that debate is best facilitated by the guidance provided Turns case –The aff’s model of debate turns into a gripe session about a particular topic area, but not practical changes; the best liberation strategies develop when both debaters can engage and test it.They force the neg to extremist generics like cap and anthro, which is more evasive than if their discussion had been within the topic.Kills participation – that’s an independent voter and controls the internal link to any scholarship impacts. Rowland 84(Robert C., Baylor U., "Topic Selection in Debate", American Forensics in Perspective. Ed. Parson, p. 53-4) AND of broad topics that has led some small schools to cancel their programs. Process:Debate is about process not content – switching sides prevents debate from turning into an echo chamber. Muir 93Department of Communications at George Mason (Star A., "A Defense of the Ethics of Contemporary Debate," Philosophy and Rhetoric, Vol. 26, No. 4. Gale Academic Onefile) AND reasons, is a central element of any effort to gain such insight. It’s also key to long-term activism, which outweighs because of existential threats. Lundberg 10Christian O. Lundberg 10 Professor of Communications @ University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, "Tradition of Debate in North Carolina" in Navigating Opportunity: Policy Debate in the 21st Century By Allan D. Louden, p. 311 AND with the existential challenges to democracy ~in an~ increasingly complex world. Also turns case since dogmatism is the root cause of oppression – refusal to accept the legitimacy of others is what causes the drive for parasitic control that they critique.3. Topical version of the aff – they can still read their method as a framing argument and leverage the aff advantage; solves their education but preserves the two-way dialogue that is unique to debate.TVA – eliminate IP protections for all medicines entirely to crash the system. This is basically your advantage it just gives us an opportunity to contest it.Procedural fairness should filter every impact –Even if debate has impacts to education, the only real role of the ballot is to decide a winner and a loser – it’s what makes debate different from a seminar and competitive fairness the best incentive structure for all of the education we gain through debate.Debate inevitably involves exclusions—-the only non-arbitrary exclusion is the topic. | 9/5/21 |
1 - T - Framework vs Techno-OrientalismTournament: Loyola | Round: 2 | Opponent: Millard North YL | Judge: Lena Mizrahi 1NC – InterpInterpretation: Aff offense can only stem from the hypothetical implementation of the resolution through a governmental policy.This does not require the use of any particular style, type of evidence, or assumption about the role of the ballot or judge – just that the topic should determine the debate’s subject matter: it was announced beforehand.Resolved implies a policyLouisiana House 3-8-2005, http://house.louisiana.gov/house-glossary.htm** AND , 13.1 , 6.8 , and 7.4) Only governments can reduce intellectual property protections. Lindsey 6/3Brink Lindsey, 6-3-2021, "Why intellectual property and pandemics don’t mix," Brookings, https://www.brookings.edu/blog/up-front/2021/06/03/why-intellectual-property-and-pandemics-dont-mix/** AND employ other, more direct means to incentivize the development of new drugs. Reduce means to diminish in sizeMichigan District Court 11 "SAGINAW OFFICE SERVICE, INC., Plaintiff, v. BANK OF AMERICA, N.A., Defendant. Civil Action No. 09-CV-13889 UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT FOR THE EASTERN DISTRICT OF MICHIGAN, SOUTHERN DIVISION," Lexis AND embody an expansive scope that views complete deletion as a subset of diminution. Medicine refers to a substance used in the treatment of diseaseMerriam Webster ND ~"Medicine." Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary, Merriam-Webster, Accessed 27 Jun. 2021 https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/medicine. Ww AND such as a drug or potion) used to treat something other than disease CX proves the violation – the aff does not defend a world in which all member nations of the World Trade Organization reduce some intellectual property protection for some medicine.Standards:1~ Predictable Limits – post-facto topic adjustment structurally favors the aff by manipulating the balance of prep which is anchored around the resolution as a stasis point. Not debating the topic allows someone to specialize in one area of the library for 4 years giving them a huge edge over people who switch research focus every 2 months, which kills effective dialogueFour Impacts to Limits:—-A~ The aff’s model of debate turns into a gripe session about a particular topic area, but not practical changes; the best liberation strategies develop when both debaters can engage and test it.—-B~ They force the neg to extremist generics like cap and anthro, which is more evasive than if their discussion had been within the topic.—-C~ Kills participation – that’s an independent voter and controls the internal link to their scholarship impacts. Rowland 84(Robert C., Baylor U., "Topic Selection in Debate", American Forensics in Perspective. Ed. Parson, p. 53-4) AND of broad topics that has led some small schools to cancel their programs. 2~ Switch Side Debate – only a limited topic that leaves a role for the neg allows contestation and idea testing which is key to long-term activismLundberg 10 Christian O. Lundberg 10 Professor of Communications @ University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, "Tradition of Debate in North Carolina" in Navigating Opportunity: Policy Debate in the 21st Century By Allan D. Louden, p. 311 AND with the existential challenges to democracy ~in an~ increasingly complex world. That also overcomes dogmatism and polarization – the process of debate is uniquely keyMuir 93 AND reasons, is a central element of any effort to gain such insight. Turns case since dogmatism is the root cause of oppression – refusal to accept the legitimacy of others results in ~aff impact~.3~ Topical version of the aff:—-A~ they can still read their method as a framing argument and leverage the aff; solves their education without setting an unlimited prep burden.—-B~ they can read an aff that defends imploding the squo through complete elimination of IP rights5~ New K affs independently are a voting issue—destroys any ability to prepare and straight turns t bad args because they forced us into itVotersFairness is a voter and should filter every impact:—-A~ Even if debate has impacts to education, the only real role of the ballot is to decide a winner and a loser – it’s what makes debate different from a seminar and competitive fairness the best incentive structure for all of the education we gain through debate.—-B~ Self-Defeating – all the 1AR’s arguments concede the validity of fairness, i.e. that the judge will evaluate them fairly, you should actively hack against them.Drop the Debater to set good norms and because time spent on T can’t be made upUse competing interps – reasonability is arbitrary and invites judge intervention and T is binary, there’s no way to be "reasonably" topical | 9/6/21 |
1 - TH - HedgeTournament: Nano Nagle | Round: Quarters | Opponent: Sage MP | Judge: Gordon Krauss, Ben Cortez, Felicity Park No 1AR Theory:1~ No 3NR so the 2AR gets persuasive spin and can weigh however they want to set bad norms2~ Responses to my CI are new which means intervention and makes theory arbitrary3~ Norming o/w since it shapes debate over time and leads to a better activity4~ Spikes solve infinite abuse – just preempt the 1NC since there’s only a finite amount of args I can read | 10/11/21 |
SO - CP - Consult WHOTournament: Loyola | Round: 4 | Opponent: Peninsula BD | Judge: Nathan Russel Text: the member nations of the World Trade Organization should engage in binding prior consultation with the World Health Organization over ~the aff~.The WHO has authority and solvesWTO et al 20 ~World Trade Organization, World Health Organization and World Intellectual Property Organization, 2020 "Promoting Access to Medical Technologies and Innovation Intersections between public health, intellectual property and trade 2nd Edition" WTO, WIPO, WHO, Accessed 8-8-2021, https://www.wto.org/english/res'e/booksp'e/who-wipo-wto'2020'e.pdf ww
AND or impossible (see Chapter IV, section A.11(a)). WHO says yes – it supports increasing the availability of generics and limiting TRIPSHoen 03 ~(Ellen T., researcher at the University Medical Centre at the University of Groningen, The Netherlands who has been listed as one of the 50 most influential people in intellectual property by the journal Managing Intellectual Property, PhD from the University of Groningen) "TRIPS, Pharmaceutical Patents and Access to Essential Medicines: Seattle, Doha and Beyond," Chicago Journal of International Law, 2003~ JL AND access to drugs, local manufacturing capacity, and the development of new drugs Consultation displays strong leadership, authority, and cohesion among member states which are key to WHO legitimacyGostin et al 15 ~(Lawrence O., Linda D. and Timothy J. O’Neill Professor of Global Health Law at Georgetown University, Faculty Director of the O’Neill Institute for National and Global Health Law, Director of the World Health Organization Collaborating Center on Public Health Law and Human Rights, JD from Duke University) "The Normative Authority of the World Health Organization," Georgetown University Law Center, 5/2/2015~ JL AND Organization generously, grant it authority and flexibility, and hold it accountable. The WHO plays a key role in responses to pandemics and disease outbreaksKuznetsova 20 ~Lidia Kuznetsova "COVID-19: The World Community Expects the World Health Organization to Play a Stronger Leadership and Coordination Role in Pandemics Control" Published: Public Health, September 8, 2020~ ~https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2020.00470~~ ~Kuznetsova: Faculty of Medicine, Barcelona Institute for Global Health, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.~ || SM AND 196 countries across the globe, including all WHO Member States (1). Causes ExtinctionPiers Millett 17, Consultant for the World Health Organization, PhD in International Relations and Affairs, University of Bradford, Andrew Snyder-Beattie, "Existential Risk and Cost-Effective Biosecurity", Health Security, Vol 15(4), http://online.liebertpub.com/doi/pdfplus/10.1089/hs.2017.0028 AND , and available vectors, could be modified as well.19-2 | 9/5/21 |
SO - CP - ContractsTournament: Loyola | Round: 5 | Opponent: Portola AS | Judge: David Dosch Counterplan Text: The US should contract with vaccine manufacturers to buy and distribute vaccines to developing countries at no cost.The CP solves access to covid vaccines, gives companies the incentive they need to manufactureKazaz PhD et al 21 ~Burak Kazaz, Scott Webster, Prashant Yadav "Incentivizing COVID-19 Vaccine Developers to Expand Manufacturing Capacity" Published: Center for Global Development, March 2021~ ~https://www.cgdev.org/publication/incentivizing-covid-19-vaccine-developers-expand-manufacturing-capacity~~ ~Kazaz: PhD from Purdue, Kannert School of Management. Professor of Supply Chain Management at the Whitman School of Management, Syracuse University.~ ~Webster: Professor and Chair in supply chain management at the W.P. Carey School of Business at Arizona State University. Previously worked at Syracuse, Wisco, Queens University in Canada. PhD in operations management and decision sciences from Indiana University.~ ~Yadav: Senior fellow at the Center for Global Development and Affiliate Professor of Technology and Operations Management at INSEAD. Previously worked as Strategy Leader-Supply Chain at the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, Professor of Supply Chain Management at the MIT-Zargoza International Logistics Program.~ || SM AND countries and will reduce the ongoing conflicts over access to scarce vaccine doses. The Aff misses the boat on vaccine roadblocks and kills development due to private sector dropout, government coop is keyHamre interviews Coons 4-22 ~John Hamre interviews Senator Chris Coons "The Importance of Intellectual Property in Healthcare Innovation during COVID-19" Published: CSIS, April 22, 2021~ ~https://www.csis.org/analysis/importance-intellectual-property-healthcare-innovation-during-covid-19~~ ~Coons: B.A. in Chem and Poli Sci from Amherst. JD from Yale Law School, masters in ethics from Yale Divinity School. Junior Senator from Delaware~ || SM AND effort to manufacture, distribute, and administer vaccines rapidly and equitably globally. | 9/5/21 |
SO - CP - Multiplank vs Trade SecretsTournament: Nano Nagle | Round: 5 | Opponent: Harker NA | Judge: Gerard Grigsby Text: The member states of the EU should:Provide financial rewards for medicine whistleblowers modeled after the US Dodd-Frank ActHarmonize trade secret law as per Brant and LohseFirst plank solves better than the aff, empirics. The problem isn’t disputes, but whistleblowers not coming forwardMaslen 2018 (Caitlin, Research Associate at Transparency International. MA in Corruption and Governance from the University of Sussex. "Whistleblower Reward Programs" (Anti-Corruption Helpdesk, Transparency International, https://knowledgehub.transparency.org/assets/uploads/helpdesk/Whistleblower-Reward-Programmes-2018.pdf 27 September 2018)DR 21 AND reporting wrongdoing and thus encourages more people to come forward (Kasperkevic 2015). Second plank solves unification – EU protections just have to be consistent, not high or lowBrant and Lohse 14 (Jennifer Brant and Sebastian Lohse, ~~, 2014, "", No Publication, accessed: 9-18-2021, https://iccwbo.org/content/uploads/sites/3/2017/02/ICC-Research-Trade-Secrets-english.pdf) ajs AND processes for managing confidential information internally and vis-à-vis partners. Trade secrets create incentive for collaboration and drive innovation through profit motives – that turns the aff because companies will increase secrecy.ICC 14 "TRADE SECRETS: TOOLS FOR INNOVATION AND COLLABORATION" 2014 International Chamber of Commerce (ICC) https://iccwbo.org/content/uploads/sites/3/2017/02/ICC-Research-Trade-Secrets-english.pdf SM AND of protection are credited with stimulating the most value creation (Cummings 2008). EU’s keyEPM Scientific 19 (202, ~~, 4-1-2019, "Why US Biotech Companies Should Consider Launching in Europe Directly", No Publication, accessed: 9-18-2021, https://www.epmscientific.com/blog/2019/04/why-us-biotech-companies-should-consider-launching-in-europe-directly) ajs AND . Now companies may have more success going straight to market in Europe. Biopharmaceutical innovation is key to prevent future pandemics and bioterror – turns caseMarjanovic and Feijao 20 ~(Sonja Marjanovic, Ph.D., Judge Business School, University of Cambridge. Carolina Feijao, Ph.D. in biochemistry, University of Cambridge; M.Sc. in quantitative biology, Imperial College London; B.Sc. in biology, University of Lisbon.) "How to Best Enable Pharma Innovation Beyond the COVID-19 Crisis," RAND Corporation, 05-2020, https://www.rand.org/pubs/perspectives/PEA407-1.html~~ TDI AND such public health threats to an even greater extent under improved innovation conditions. | 10/9/21 |
SO - CT - Middle East War GoodTournament: Nano Nagle | Round: Quarters | Opponent: Sage MP | Judge: Gordon Krauss, Ben Cortez, Felicity Park Prices are falling now – the surge is overWatts and Saefong 9/17/21 ~By Myra P. Saefong Follow and William Watts at MarketWatch. "Oil prices decline, but post a 4th straight weekly gain." https://www.marketwatch.com/story/oil-prices-edge-lower-but-on-track-for-weekly-rise-of-more-than-3-11631880088~~ AND 4, at $75.34 a barrel on ICE Futures Europe. Middle East war is good—it raises oil pricesLynch 18 ~Michael Lynch spent nearly 30 years at MIT as a student and then researcher at the Energy Laboratory and Center for International Studies. He then spent several years at what is now IHS Global Insight and was chief energy economist. Currently, Lynch serves as the president of Strategic Energy and Economic Research, Inc., and lectures MBA students at Vienna University. He’s been president of the US Association for Energy Economics and serves on the editorial boards of three publications. Will Oil Prices Blow Up With The Middle East? April 12, 2018. https://www.forbes.com/sites/michaellynch/2018/04/12/will-the-oil-price-blow-up-with-the-middle-east/~~#166754c23d19~~ AND diminishing and will not spread. Until then, expect a bumpy ride. Lower oil revenue encourages Russia to intervene militarily which causes escalating crisisJaffe and Elass 16 ~Amy Myers Jaffe and Jareer Elass, Columbia Journal of International Fails. War and the Oil Price Cycle. January 1, 2016. https://jia.sipa.columbia.edu/war-oil-price-cycle~~ AND tapping energy as a weapon for leverage to enhance its geopolitical status.52 But, decline causes worse aggression – it’s NoKo 2.0Fisher 14 ~Max Fisher, Vox. The worse Russia's economy gets, the more dangerous Putin becomes. December 17, 2014. https://www.vox.com/2014/12/17/7401681/russia-putin-ruble~~ AND that direction to bring terrible consequences for the world and for Russians themselves. Only instability in the Middle East can prevent Russian economic implosionBaev 15 (Pavel K. Baev is a Research Director and Professor at the Peace Research Institute, Oslo (PRIO). He is also a non-resident senior fellow at the Center for the United States and Europe (CUSE) at the Brookings Institutions, Washington DC, and a Senior Associate Fellow at the Institut Francais des Relations Internationales (IFRI), Paris. 24 April 2015. https://www.opendemocracy.net/od-russia/pavel-k-baev/russia-is-spoiling-for-fight-in-middle-east) AND producers). It could mean the difference between severe economic crisis and implosion. They’ll use cyberattacks, which cause extinctionPerkovich 18 ~George, Olivier and Nomellini chair and vice president for studies at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, "Really? We’re Gonna Nuke Russia for a Cyberattack?" 1/18, https://www.politico.com/magazine/story/2018/01/18/donald-trump-russia-nuclear-cyberattack-216477~~ AND , if deterrence fails, to enable countervailing cyberattacks and perhaps conventional warfare. | 10/11/21 |
SO - DA - Innovation vs One and DoneTournament: Nano Nagle | Round: 3 | Opponent: Mountain House ES | Judge: Vishan Chaudhary Innovation high now, but continued investments are crucial to meet the demandsFurstenthal et al 20 ~(Laura Furstenthal serves healthcare clients globally as well as not-for-profit organizations, governments, and Nobel laureates, guiding innovation in strategy, organization, research and development, commercialization, and operations), et al. "Healthcare Innovation: Building on Gains Made through the Crisis." McKinsey and Company, McKinsey and Company, 12 Nov. 2020, www.mckinsey.com/industries/pharmaceuticals-and-medical-products/our-insights/healthcare-innovation-building-on-gains-made-through-the-crisis. Accessed 6 Aug. 2021.~ PW AND players can consider applying them to their unique context at this extraordinary time. Stopping secondary patents kills patent innovationChristensen 20 ~Connor Christensen, "The Evergreen Forests of Insulin Patents", Awakenwfu, The Creative Journal of Contemporary Bioethics, 9-14-2020, https://awakenwfu.com/2020/09/14/the-evergreen-forests-of-insulin-patents/, accessed: 9-7-2021.~ CHSTM and Lex VM | 10/9/21 |
SO - DA - MidtermsTournament: Loyola | Round: 5 | Opponent: Portola AS | Judge: David Dosch Midterms are super close but Dems are using Republican abortion bills to rally voters to the polls and tip them in their favorGodfrey 9-3 ~Elaine Godfrey "Is This How Democrats Break Their Midterm Curse?" Published: The Atlantic, September 3, 2021~ ~https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2021/09/texas-abortion-law-means-midterms/619966/~~ ~Godfrey: Staff writer at the Atlantic, covering politics. Iowa State University B.S. in Journalism and Mass Communication, Minor in Political Science.~ || SM AND rage-inducing piece of content for Democratic small-dollar donor fundraisers." The aff is massively unpopular – majority of voters oppose the aff – regardless of political affiliationSchulte 5-4 ~Gabriela Schulte, 5-4-2021, "Poll: Majority oppose proposal to temporarily waive intellectual property rights on COVID-19 vaccines" The Hill, Accessed 8-11-2021, https://thehill.com/hilltv/what-americas-thinking/551797-poll-majority-oppose-proposal-to-temporarily-waive-intellectual ww AND . It has a margin of error of 3.2 percentage points. Midterm success k2 long term climate initiativesPiotrowski et al 20 ~Matt Piotrowski and Emma McMahon and Joshua McBee and Kyle Saukas, 12-14-2020, "Biden’s Climate Path Through the 2022 Midterms" Climate Advisers, https://climateadvisers.org/blogs/bidens-climate-path-up-to-the-2022-midterms/ ww AND , further frustrating Biden and future Democrats’ efforts to pursue ambitious climate legislation. Extinction.Kareiva 18 ~Peter,Ph.D. in ecology and applied mathematics from Cornell University, director of the Institute of the Environment and Sustainability at UCLA, Pritzker Distinguished Professor in Environment and Sustainability at UCLA, et al., September 2018, "Existential risk due to ecosystem collapse: Nature strikes back," Futures, Vol. 102, p. 39-50 AND complete scientific understanding when it comes to positive feedback loops and climate change. | 9/5/21 |
SO - DA - Saudi ProlifTournament: Loyola | Round: 4 | Opponent: Peninsula BD | Judge: Nathan Russel The US is concerned about Saudi IPR but trade relations are fine nowUS Gov 21 ~United States Government, Office of the US Trade Representative "2021 Special 301 Report" Published: 2021~ ~https://ustr.gov/sites/default/files/files/reports/2021/202120Special2030120Report20(final).pdf~~ || SM AND awarded national tenders to some of these domestic companies for the affected products. Wavering Saudi IPR sends investors scrambling and guts US-Saudi coop. Recent missteps in pharma IPR prove it’s uniquely key to perception.Stevens 17 ~Philip Stevens "Saudi missteps on intellectual property will hold back its economy" Published: The Hill, September 17, 2017~ ~https://thehill.com/opinion/international/351074-saudis-missteps-on-intellectual-property-will-hold-back-its-economy~~ ~Stevens: Director of Geneva Network, a UK-based research organization focusing on trade and innovation issues.~ || SM AND Trump administration indicating a higher prioritization of IP enforcement amongst its trading partners. US Saudi Coop key to prevent nuclear proliferationEmily B. Landau and Shimon Stein 18 ~Landau is senior research associate at the Institute for National Security Studies, where she is also director of the Arms Control and Regional Security Project. Stein was Israel's ambassador to Germany from 2001 to 2007. Previously, he participated in the Arms Control and Regional Security working group, as well as negotiations of the Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty, and served as head of the Regional Security, Arms Control, and Nonproliferation Department at the Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs.~, 12-4-2018, "Can the United States Prevent Saudi Arabia from Getting Nuclear Weapons?," National Interest, https://nationalinterest.org/feature/can-united-states-prevent-saudi-arabia-getting-nuclear-weapons-37812 ~{OS~} AND was granted the right to continue with these dangerous enrichment-related activities. Saudi prolif draws in India and Pakistan – goes nuclearEdelman 11—Fellow at the Center for Strategic and Budgetary Assessments. Former Undersecretary for Defense—AND—Andrew Krepinevich—President of the Center for Strategic and Budgetary Assessments—AND—Evan Montgomery—Research Fellow at the Center for Strategic and Budgetary Assessments (Eric, The dangers of a nuclear Iran, FA 90;1, http://www.csbaonline.org/wp-content/uploads/2010/12/2010.12.27-The-Dangers-of-a-Nuclear-Iran.pdf) AND a single intelligence compromise could leave their weapons vulnerable to attack or theft. Even a limited nuclear war would cause extinction – best science.Cribb 17 (Julian, BA Classics@WesternAusstralia, FoundingEditor@ScienceAlert, Surviving the 21st Century, Springer) AND of possible nuclear and chemical terrorism, and their consequences, is lengthening. | 9/5/21 |
SO - PIC - Orphan DrugsTournament: Loyola | Round: 4 | Opponent: Peninsula BD | Judge: Nathan Russel Text: the member nations of the World Trade Organization ought to reduce IP protections for medicines except provide incentives for orphan drugs.Only exclusive patent protection rights paired with incentives can solve malaria, leprosy, and initially rare diseases. Grabowski 02Henry Grabowski, Patents, Innovation and Access to New Pharmaceuticals, Journal of International Economic Law, Volume 5, Issue 4, December 2002, Pages 849–860, https://doi.org/10.1093/jiel/5.4.849 AND a system of market incentives would appear to be a fruitful guiding principle. Orphan drug targeting has prevented hundreds of thousands of deaths and is k2 combating HIV mortality. Lichtenberg 01Lichtenberg, Frank R. "The effect of new drugs on mortality from rare diseases and HIV." (2001). https://www.nber.org/papers/w8677 AND and ultimately result in 3.6 million additional HIV drug units consumed. | 9/5/21 |
SO - T - IPP vs Trade SecretsTournament: Nano Nagle | Round: 5 | Opponent: Harker NA | Judge: Gerard Grigsby Interp: The aff must only defend reducing intellectual property protections for medicines.Three types of IP specific to medicinesWilbur 19 ~Tom Wilbur is Director of Public Affairs at PhRMA focusing on message development and opinion research. Prior to joining PhRMA in 2019, Tom worked on Capitol Hill and on political campaigns for nearly a decade, most recently responsible for communications, campaigns and strategy for U.S. Rep. Fred Upton and the House Energy and Commerce Committee. Masters in Communications from Mich State U.~ "IP Explained: Three forms of IP protections for medicines," PhRMA, August 27, 2019, https://catalyst.phrma.org/ip-explained-three-forms-of-ip-protections-for-medicines TG AND as an orphan drug, for the same use, for seven years. Violation:Trade secrets are not IPPGutfleisch 18 Georg Gutfleisch (attorney-at-law in the Corporate Transactions/MandA Department. He advises national and international clients in all areas of corporate and company law, private equity transactions as well as national and international restructurings, reorganizations and MandA transactions. He also has extensive expertise in the areas of intellectual property and IT law) "Employment issues under the European Trade Secrets Directive: Promising opportunity or burden for European companies." European Company Law Journal 15 (2018): 175-181 AND rely on the confidentiality of sensitive information as basis of their existence.1 The violation is obvious and the counter interp explodes limits to literally any small thing related to the medicine.Farkas ND Brian Farkas ~associate attorney at Goetz Fitzpatrick LLP in New York, focusing his practice on commercial litigation, arbitration and intellectual property. Brian earned his B.A. from Vassar College and J.D. from Cardozo School of Law ~ "Trade Secret Basics FAQ" No Date https://www.nolo.com/legal-encyclopedia/trade-secret-basics-faq.html~~#1743223 SM AND example, a list of customers ranked by the profitability of their business. Vote neg for limits – explodes the topic to anything from random recipes to trademark pictures and symbols to copyrights which destroys core generics like counterfeits and innovation that obviously don’t link to these affs – a big case list with no unifying generics destroy neg prep – disincentivizes in depth topic research and leaves the neg behind and unfair research burdensUse Competing Interps for T:1~ There’s no way to be "reasonably" topical, it’s a yes/no binary2~ Reasonability collapses since we use offense defense to determine what’s reasonable | 10/9/21 |
SO - T - Medicines vs JordanTournament: Nano Nagle | Round: Quarters | Opponent: Sage MP | Judge: Gordon Krauss, Ben Cortez, Felicity Park Interp: Medicine *only* refers to substances and doesn’t include techniquesReitzer Pharmaceuticals (Pty) Ltd v Registrar of Medicines and Another, 1998 SACLR LEXIS 70, 1998 (9) BCLR 1113 (T) || SM AND finding reasonable prospects that the Constitutional Court may come to a different conclusion. Violation - Data exclusivity protects clinical trial data, NOT MEDICINE. The plan doesn’t affect the actual production of Medical Substances, just the structural factors that influence it.Thrasher 5-25 Rachel Thrasher 5-25-2021 "Chart of the Week: How Data Exclusivity Laws Impact Drug Prices" https://www.bu.edu/gdp/2021/05/25/chart-of-the-week-how-data-exclusivity-laws-impact-drug-prices/ sid AND it does not require exclusivity rules that block the registration of generic products. The 1AR will read a ton of cards saying Data Exclusivity is an IP Protection, THAT’S NOT SUFFICIENT since our argument is it has to protect the SUBSTANCE. The Aff is both Effects and Extra-T because they effect things unrelated to Medical IP – both of which are voters for Limits and Ground.Standards:1~ The Standard is Limits – allowing Affs that relate to the factors and structures surrounding Medicines allows treatments, drug discovery techniques, computer programs, and production techniques that all have IP protections to be topical which eviscerate a stable locus of predictability.2~ Extra T is a voter – means the res is no longer a stable basis stasis point and they can defend whatever extra T offense they want. Also means you don’t have jurisdiction to vote for them cuz they haven’t affirmed the res. | 10/11/21 |
SO - T - Member NationsTournament: Nano Nagle | Round: Quarters | Opponent: Sage MP | Judge: Gordon Krauss, Ben Cortez, Felicity Park Interpretation: The aff must defend all member nations of the WTO reduce IP protections, they can’t defend a subsetUW ND ~University of Washington "Articles" No Date; Accessed: March 2, 2021~ ~https://depts.washington.edu/engl/askbetty/articles.php~~ ~Ask Betty: The goal of Ask Betty is to provide useful information about English grammar for college writers. The Ask Betty site began as a collaborative effort by UW English graduate students Krisda Chaemsaithong and Daniel Griesbach, under the guidance of Professor Anis Bawarsh and with technical assistance from Louisa Peck and Rob Weller.~ ~UW: The UW is one of the world’s preeminent public universities. Ranked No. 14 in the world on the 2018 Academic Ranking of World Universities, the UW educates more than 54,000 students annually.~ || SM AND plural form of verb as well to agree with the plural subject noun. Violation: they only defend JordanVote neg:1~ Semantics first – A) anything else justifies the aff arbitrarily jettisoning words in the resolution at their whim which decks negative ground and preparation because the aff is no longer bounded by the resolution B) Jurisdiction – you can’t vote aff if they haven’t affirmed C) Pragmatics collapses to semantics cuz our interp of the resolution is based on the textbook definition D) The text of the resolution is the only stable stasis point for pre round prep.2~ Limits and ground – forcing them to defend plural means they have to strategically choose nations that have common features like types of IP protections or geopolitical tensions to avoid losing to PICs which is a more limited caselist and ensures link magnitude to core topic generics while still allowing for a robust set of affs3~ TVA – read the aff under a whole res advocacy. PICs are inevitable since I’ll always be able to spec further than you.Topicality is a voting issue that should be evaluated through competing interpretations – it tells the negative what they do and do not have to prepare for—there’s no way for the negative to know what constitutes a "reasonable interpretation" when we do prep – reasonability is arbitrary and causes a race to the bottom, proliferating abuseNo RVIs—it’s your burden to be topical. RVI’s deter legitimate theory like T and disclosure and are illogical because you shouldn’t win for doing a good thing. | 10/11/21 |
SO - T - Reduce vs COVID WaiversTournament: Loyola | Round: 5 | Opponent: Portola AS | Judge: David Dosch Interp: Reductions must be permanent, that’s distinct from a suspensionReynolds 59 ~J. Reynolds "Matter of Montesani v. Levitt" From: Appellate Division of the Supreme Court in the Third Judicial Department, August 13, 1959~ ~https://casetext.com/case/matter-of-montesani-v-levitt~~ || SM AND or degrade. The word "reduce" seems adequately to indicate permanency. Violation: The aff plan is the TRIPS waiver which is explicitly temporaryWTO 7-21 ~World Trade Organization "TRIPS Council agrees to continue discussions on IP response to COVID-19" Published: July 20, 2021; Accessed: September 5, 2021~ ~https://www.wto.org/english/news'e/news21'e/trip'20jul21'e.htm~~ || SM AND at the General Council at its next meeting on 27-28 July. It’s also clear from their cards, they say "temporary waiver" many timesStandards:1~ Limits and ground – Their model allows infinite random suspensions to IP for any reason. Kills neg ground cuz the core of the rez is about an overall reduction of IP protections, not a temporary suspension.2~ Extra T is a voter – means the res is no longer a stable basis and they can defend whatever they want which kills neg engagement and clash.Drop the debater:1~ The abuse already occurred and shifted my time allocation2~ It’s the same as DTA since we indict your whole affUse Competing Interps for T:1~ There’s no way to be "reasonably" topical, it’s a yes/no binary2~ Reasonability collapses since we use offense defense to determine what’s reasonable | 9/5/21 |
SO - T - Reduce vs Trade SecretsTournament: Nano Nagle | Round: 5 | Opponent: Harker NA | Judge: Gerard Grigsby Interp: Reductions exclude changing termsSupreme Court of Missouri 73 – (State ex rel. Cason v. Bond, 495 S.W.2d 385, Lexis)BB AND to the removal of restrictions imposed upon the use of the items appropriated." Violation: The aff doesn’t actually reduce *protections* conferred by trade secrets but just changes the terms around burden of proof.Vote neg:1~ Limits and ground – their model explodes the topic due to infinite small changes to laws. Also kills topic ed and ground by shifting the debate towards obscure legal jargon and away from generics like innovation and access which is the core controversy.2~ Extra T is a voter – means the res is no longer a stable basis and they can defend whatever they want. Also means you don’t have jurisdiction to vote for them cuz they haven’t affirmed the res.Use Competing Interps for T:1~ There’s no way to be "reasonably" topical, it’s a yes/no binary2~ Reasonability collapses since we use offense defense to determine what’s reasonable | 10/9/21 |
SO - T - Reduce vs Vaccine ImperialismTournament: Loyola | Round: 4 | Opponent: Peninsula BD | Judge: Nathan Russel Interp: Reduce excludes eliminationsMichigan District Court 11 "SAGINAW OFFICE SERVICE, INC., Plaintiff, v. BANK OF AMERICA, N.A., Defendant. Civil Action No. 09-CV-13889 UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT FOR THE EASTERN DISTRICT OF MICHIGAN, SOUTHERN DIVISION," Lexis AND embody an expansive scope that views complete deletion as a subset of diminution. Standards:1~ Limits and Ground – letting the aff eliminate medicines explodes the topic to tons of random fringe affs and gives the aff tons of extra-T power. That’s a voter cuz it kills access to the ballot.2~ Extra T is a voter – means the res is no longer a stable basis and they can defend whatever they want. Also means you don’t have jurisdiction to vote for them cuz they haven’t affirmed the res.Drop the debater:1~ The abuse already occurred and shifted my time allocation2~ It’s the same as DTA since we indict your whole affUse Competing Interps:1~ There’s no way to be "reasonably" topical, it’s a yes/no binary2~ Reasonability collapses since we use offense defense to determine what’s reasonable | 9/5/21 |
SO - T - TheTournament: Loyola | Round: 5 | Opponent: Portola AS | Judge: David Dosch Interpretation: The aff must defend all member nations of the WTO reduce IP protections, they can’t specifyViolation: They only defend ''' but the WTO has 164 membershttps://www.wto.org/english/thewto'e/whatis'e/tif'e/org6'e.htm Standards:1~ Semantics – "The" indicates reference to a noun as a wholeWebster’s 5 (Merriam Webster’s Online Dictionary, http://www.m-w.com/cgi-bin/dictionary) Semantics first – A~ key to predictability since the res is the only stable stasis point for pre round prep, B~ the only brightline for affs is topical or not and their model allows affs to be completely non-T, C~ pragmatics collapses to semantics cuz our interp of the res is based on the textbook definition2~ Limits and Ground – Their model allows them to defend any of 164 states and their INFINITE permutations. Generics don’t work since each has its own political situation and the aff will always be ahead. Leads to random state of the week affs which destroys reciprocal prep burden.3~ TVA Solves – read the aff as an advantage and defend whole res. PICs don’t matter cuz they have built in asymmetry solvency deficits.Drop the debater:1~ The abuse already occurred and shifted my time allocation2~ It’s the same as DTA since we indict your whole affUse Competing Interps for T:1~ There’s no way to be "reasonably" topical, it’s a yes/no binary2~ Reasonability collapses since we use offense defense to determine what’s reasonable | 9/5/21 |
Open Source
| Filename | Date | Uploaded By | Delete |
|---|---|---|---|
9/5/21 | shreerammodi10@gmailcom |
| |
9/5/21 | shreerammodi10@gmailcom |
| |
9/5/21 | shreerammodi10@gmailcom |
| |
9/6/21 | shreerammodi10@gmailcom |
| |
10/9/21 | shreerammodi10@gmailcom |
| |
10/9/21 | shreerammodi10@gmailcom |
| |
10/10/21 | shreerammodi10@gmailcom |
| |
10/11/21 | shreerammodi10@gmailcom |
|