Tournament: Greenhilll | Round: 2 | Opponent: Coppell HA | Judge: Ursula Gruber
Maxmen, Ph.D., 9/16 ~Amy Maxmen, PhD, 9/16/21, Senior Reporter at Nature, "The fight to manufacture COVID vaccines in lower-income countries," Nature, https://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-021-02383-z//lhs-ap~~
Vaccines against COVID-19 are not reaching many people in the global south,
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supplies, and they visited the plants to teach them the manufacturing process.
The key internal link is manufacturing capacity not vaccines – Only future production resolves increased travel and new variants
Gostin 6/10 ~Lawrence O. Gostin, JD, Georgetown University Law Center; June 10, 2021; "9 Steps to End COVID-19 and Prevent the Next Pandemic: Essential Outcomes From the World Health Assembly," JAMA Health Forum. 2021;2(6):e211852. doi:10.1001/jamahealthforum.2021.1852lhs-ap~
Chronic vaccine shortages have resulted in skewed distribution, which if not remedied, will
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impede vaccine discovery and production in low- and middle-income countries.
1 – Increases the number and severity of violent protests
Labott 7/22 ~Elise Labott, a columnist at Foreign Policy and an adjunct professor at American University’s School of International Service. July 22, 2021, "Get Ready for a Spike in Global Unrest," Foreign Policy, https://foreignpolicy.com/2021/07/22/covid-global-unrest-political-upheaval//lhs-ap~~
To call 2021 the summer of discontent would be a severe understatement. From Cuba
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for the world’s poorest to recover from the economic impacts of the pandemic."
Namayanja 6/10 ~Rose Namayanja is a Ugandan lawyer and author. She is the former Uganda information minister and current Deputy Secretary General of the National Resistance Movement, the ruling party. She is a graduate of the Defence Academy of the United Kingdom. June 10, 2021, " Lack of Vaccines Fuels Terrorism in Africa," Foreign Policy, https://foreignpolicy.com/2021/06/10/vaccines-africa-terrorism-covid-19//lhs-ap~~
Meanwhile, under the fog of COVID-19, the specter of conflict is
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around the world, conflict and the coronavirus have never been far apart."
Pandemic instability goes nuclear – Extinction
RECNA et al. 21 ~Research Center for Nuclear Weapons Abolition, Nagasaki University (RECNA), Asia Pacific Leadership Network (APLN) and Nautilus Institute (2021) Pandemic Futures and Nuclear Weapon Risks: The Nagasaki 75th Anniversary pandemic-nuclear nexus scenarios final report, Journal for Peace and Nuclear Disarmament, 4:sup1, 6-39, DOI: 10.1080/25751654.2021.1890867lhs-ap~
The relationship between pandemics and war is as long as human history. Past pandemics
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by nuclear threat, with cascading effects on the risk of nuclear war.
Kavanagh et al. 7/1 ~Matthew M. Kavanagh, PhD1,2; Lawrence O. Gostin, JD1; Madhavi Sunder, JD1; 1Georgetown University Law Center, Washington, DC; 2Department of International Health, Georgetown University, Washington, DC; July 1, 2021, "Sharing Technology and Vaccine Doses to Address Global Vaccine Inequity and End the COVID-19 Pandemic," JAMA. 2021;326(3):219-220. doi:10.1001/jama.2021.10823lhs-ap~
Waiving Intellectual Property
One important step is an intellectual property (IP) waiver
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on mRNA vaccine formulations stored at room temperature for lower-resource settings.
Labonté 5/21 ~Ronald Labonté, School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada; Mira Johri, École de santé publique, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada; Katrina Plamondon, School of Nursing, Faculty of Health and Social Development, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Srinivas Murthy, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; 21 May 2021; Canada, global vaccine supply, and the TRIPS waiver. Can J Public Health 112, 543–547 (2021). https://doi.org/10.17269/s41997-021-00541-4//lhs-ap~~
Will the TRIPS waiver increase vaccine supply?
Yes, if patent-holding
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but not the multi-billion-dollar profits some of them anticipate.
Erfani et al. 8/3 ~Parsa Erfani, Fogarty global health scholar1 2, Agnes Binagwaho, vice chancellor2, Mohamed Juldeh Jalloh, vice president3, Muhammad Yunus, chair4, Paul Farmer, professor57, Vanessa Kerry, associate professor810 1Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA 2University of Global Health Equity, Rwanda 3Sierra Leone 4Yunus Centre, Bangladesh 5Global Health and Social Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA 6Division of Global Health Equity, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, USA 7Partners In Health, USA 8Seed Global Health, USA 9Program in Global Public Policy and Social Change, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA 10Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, USA; 03 August 2021, "Intellectual property waiver for covid-19 vaccines will advance global health equity," BMJ, https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.n1837//lhs-ap~~ LMIC = Low and Middle Income Country
Contrary to detractors’ concerns about the possible effect of a temporary TRIPS waiver, global
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offer a path to overcome bottlenecks and expand production of necessary vaccine materials.
Threat of alternate vaccine sources alone drives manufacturers to expand access
Zarocostas quoting Appleton 5/22 ~John, Geneva-based independent international correspondent and broadcaster; Arthur, adjunct professor at Johns Hopkins University, May 22, 2021, The Lancet, Vol 397, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(21)01151-X//lhs-ap~~
"Even if a waiver is approved, there may still be bottlenecks related to
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may also lead to voluntary licensing agreements on terms favourable to developing countries."
Plummer, PhD, 15
(Theron, Philosophy @St. Andrews http://blog.practicalethics.ox.ac.uk/2015/05/moral-agreement-on-saving-the-world/)
There appears to be lot of disagreement in moral philosophy. Whether these many apparent
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be acting very wrongly." (From chapter 36 of On What Matters)
1~ Actor specificity – A~ Aggregation – every policy benefits some and harms others, so side constraints freeze action. B~ States lack wills or intentions since policies are collective actions. C~ No act-omission distinction—governments are responsible for everything in the public sphere, so inaction is implicit authorization of action: they have to yes/no bills, which means everything collapse to aggregation. D~ Actor-specificity first since different agents have different ethical standings. Link turns calc indicts because the alt would be no action.