1ac - lay aff 1n - social contract theory 1ar - util and contentions 2nr - social contract 2ar - weighing
Hebron
Quarters
Opponent: Suhani Jampala | Judge: Christopher Randall
1ac - ag aff 1nc - T case defense da cp 1ar - answering 1nr - da cp 2ar - answering
TFA State
2
Opponent: Strake Jesuit JW | Judge: Adrian Sendejas
AC - whole rez NC - disc shell kant Ukraine PIC dem impact turn 1AR - answering and kant opppressive theory shell 1nr - PIC 2ar - case solves PIC offense L
TFA State
3
Opponent: Westwood EV | Judge: Jack Quisenberry
1AC - whole rez 1NC - Indigenous PIC PTX DA Climate DA Case dump 1AR - answering 1NR - PTX DA 2AR - No Link Case Outweighs W
UPenn
4
Opponent: Scarsdale SV | Judge: Jonah Gentleman
1ac - mining 1nc - t- outer space kant AFC 1ar - kant theory answers 1nr - kant and util independent voter 2ar - answers
UPenn
6
Opponent: Cheyenne Central GH | Judge: Kumail Zaidi
1ac - mining and disc 1nc - trad with societal progress framing 1ar - answering and disc 1nr - answers 2ar - case outweighs
Yale
1
Opponent: James Logan ZW | Judge: Anthor Survance
1ac - covid aff with econ and pan !
1nc - US PIC Heg da Innovation DA T medicine
1ar - T medicine PIC DA Innov DA Case
2NR - PIC DA Innov DA Case
2AR - No link Innov DA DB with PIC and Innov DA Case
Yale
4
Opponent: Dublin AL | Judge: Dayanand Bhojak
1ac- covid waiver econ ad 1nc- Inno DA Production CP with US heg DA case 1ar- case No inno pro cp happens in the aff world US Heg won't fall 1nr- Inno DA Production CP and US Heg 2ar- Aff solves Inno DA CP can't solve
To modify or delete round reports, edit the associated round.
Cites
Entry
Date
0 - Contact Info
Tournament: All | Round: 1 | Opponent: All | Judge: All Hi I'm Jannat! My pronouns are she/they
email: vermajannat04@gmail.com
9/26/21
0 - DebateDrills
Tournament: All | Round: 1 | Opponent: All | Judge: All I’m on DebateDrills - the following URL has our roster, conflict, policy, code of conduct, relevant team policies, and harassment/bullying complaint form: https://debatedrills.com/en/private-prep-sharing/#policy
11/17/21
0 - Navigation
Tournament: All | Round: 1 | Opponent: All | Judge: All 0 - Contact info/ DeabteDrills /Navigation 1 - Theory 2 - K generics 3 - Other generics SO – September and October Topic ND – November and December Topic JF - January and February Topic MA - March and April Topic
11/17/21
1 - JF - AFC
Tournament: UPenn | Round: 4 | Opponent: Scarsdale SV | Judge: Jonah Gentleman Interpretation: the neg must not contest the aff framework, read arguments that contest the ethical validity of the aff standard, or read an alternative framework provided that: (A) the aff standard is act utilitarianism and (B) the aff has been disclosed open source 1 Clash – AFC is key to force substantive engagement – 2 Strat skew – neg is reactive and can up-layer the aff on moral frameworks, procedurals, and discursive arguments
2/13/22
1 - JF - Comparative Worlds
Tournament: Colleyville | Round: 3 | Opponent: Flowermound ST | Judge: Chris Randall Prefer comparative worlds: 1 It ensures a reciprocal division of ground and is most intuitive Nelson 08 “Towards a Comprehensive Theory of LD - Adam Nelson” by Adam F. Nelson, J.D. Director of Lincoln-Douglas Debate and Mock Trial at The Harker School, San Jose, CA TUESDAY, APRIL 15, 2008 http://ldtheoryjournal.blogspot.com/2008/04/towards-comprehensive-theory-of-ld-adam.html OHS-AT 2 Debate has no constitutive rules- every debate is functionally a new version of the activity. 3 Inclusion – A TT justifies absurd NIBs and a prioris that are confusing to novices and lay debaters and deter them from the activity – proven by them reading generic topic positions like the politics DA. B Comparative worlds is intuitive – that’s Nelson – that’s how novices default TT and any offense under it, like trix - is drop the debater because it destroys accessibility, and our ability to engage. No RVIs, defending inclusion should not result in punishment.
2/13/22
1 - JF - Disclosure
Tournament: UPenn | Round: 6 | Opponent: Cheyenne Central GH | Judge: Kumail Zaidi Interpretation: debaters must disclose past NCs either on the wiki or thru email Violation: my opponent did not disclose Standards:
Time skew: the neg has 7 mins for constructives and 6 mins for rebuttal while the aff only as 4 and 3 mins. Not disclosing hurts the aff severly This is an internal link to fairness. 2. Clash: the aff cannot not properly engage with the neg if they have never seen the argument before. Internal link to education. Voters:
Fairness: 2. Education: Paradigm issues:
Prefer competing interpretation, it is the only way to set norms in debate and ensure that abusive tactics are not used just in the name of the ballot 2. Drop the debater, only way to set a precedent 3. No RVIs, only goes on to punish the debater for calling out abuse
2/13/22
1 - JF - Kant Bad
Tournament: UPenn | Round: 4 | Opponent: Scarsdale SV | Judge: Jonah Gentleman (this was in the 1ar and no docs were shared)
Interp: debaters may not read Kant Violation: they do
Kantian philosophy is homophobic—universality justifies homophobic actions since Kant held that actions like gay sex weren’t universizable and means you should reject their fw because its bad for inclusion – a) you set a precedent for people being allowed to use oppressive theories within debate – that’s an independent reason to drop you b) any other model of debate leads to a race to the bottom where debaters say “this is not bad enough” which is bad for inclusion and also pushes marginalized debaters out
2/13/22
1 - JF - Perf Cons
Tournament: Berkley | Round: 4 | Opponent: Little Rock Central XJ | Judge: Austin Broussard Interp: Debaters may not read perf cons
Standards
Proves no subject formation because they are reading contradictory args in the round 2. Clash - makes the nc a moving target
Voters Fairness and education
Para DTD, Comepeting interps, no RVIs
*sorry this was lowk extemped in the round on the spot*
2/20/22
1 - MA - Kant Bad
Tournament: TFA State | Round: 2 | Opponent: Strake Jesuit JW | Judge: Adrian Sendejas Kantian philosophy is homophobic—universality justifies homophobic actions since Kant held that actions like gay sex weren’t universizable and means you should reject their fw because its bad for inclusion – a) you set a precedent for people being allowed to use oppressive theories within debate – makes debate actively unsafe and pushes marginalized groups out of debate – that’s an independent reason to drop you because the judge has an apriori obligation to reject oppression to make debate more inclusive – access is a multiplier to all your impacts b) any other model of debate leads to a race to the bottom where debaters say “this is not bad enough” which is bad for inclusion and also pushes marginalized debaters out
3/10/22
3 - JF - Mining Aff
Tournament: College Prep | Round: 1 | Opponent: Hamilton Independent GB | Judge: FW The standard is maximizing expected wellbeing. 1AC—Plan
Plan: The appropriation of outer space through asteroid mining by private entities should be banned.
We’ll defend normal means as the signatories of the OST adding an optional protocol under Article II. Tronchetii 7Fabio Tronchetti is a professor at the International Institute of Air and Space Law, Leiden University, The Netherlands, 2007, https://iislweb.org/docs/Diederiks2007.pdf, 12-15-2021 amrita
1AC—Advantages Advantage – Asteroid Mining Countries and their companies are making their own rules through patchwork which creates conflict—an international body is key Foster 16 – Craig, J.D., University of Illinois College of Law, “EXCUSE ME, YOU’RE MINING MY ASTEROID: SPACE PROPERTY RIGHTS AND THE U.S. SPACE RESOURCE EXPLORATION AND UTILIZATION ACT OF 2015”, JOURNAL OF LAW, TECHNOLOGY and POLICY, No. 2, page 428-430, http://illinoisjltp.com/journal/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/Foster.pdf Current space treaties have zero authority and lack clarity—which creates ineffective regulations MacWhorter 16 – Kevin, J.D from William and Mary College and Contributor to the William and Mary Environmental Law and Policy Review, “Sustainable Mining: Incentivizing Asteroid Mining in the Name of Environmentalism”, William and Mary Environmental Law and Policy Review, 2016, https://scholarship.law.wm.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1653andcontext=wmelpr Specifically, private entities are scarcely covered by treaties and those that do apply lack enforcement – means zero enforcement Wrench 20 John Wrench Editor in Chief of CWRU Journal of ILaw, 12/2/2020, “Non-Appropriation, No Problem: The Outer Space Treaty Is Ready for Asteroid Mining”, Case Western Reserve Journal of International Law, Vol. 51, 2019, https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3707815 DD AG
Disputes and misperceptions create cascading effects towards space weaponization and an arms race—an international framework solves BUT unilateral action causes escalating space wars Mallick and Rajagopalan 19 - Law Researcher at the High Court of Delhi from 2016 to 2018 and is currently pursuing LL.M in International Law at The Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy, USA, Distinguished Fellow and Head of the Nuclear and Space Policy Initiative at Observer Research Foundation. She is also the Technical Adviser to the UN Group of Governmental Experts (GGE) on Prevention of Arms Race in Outer Space (PAROS). (Rajeswari Pillai Rajagopalan, Senjuti Mallick, “If Space is ‘the Province of Mankind’, Who Owns its Resources? The Potential of Space Mining and its Legal Implications”, ORF Occasional Paper No. 182, January 2019, Observer Research Foundation., https://www.orfonline.org/research/if-space-is-the-province-of-mankind-who-owns-its-resources-47561/) NAR
Unregulated mining causes asteroid deflection and astroterror Drmola and Mareš 15 - Jakub Drmola is a PhD student and Miroslav Mareš professor, at the Divison of Security and Strategic Studies, Masaryk University, Czech Republic, "Revisiting the deflection dilemma", Astronomy and Geophysics, Volume 56, Issue 5, October 2015, Pages 5.15–5.18, https://academic.oup.com/astrogeo/article/56/5/5.15/235650 Major collisions cause extinction Sagan 94 – Carl, Astrophysicist PhD University of Chicago and president of the International Astronomical Union's commission on "Physical Studies of Planets and Satellites, “The Long-Range Consequences of Interplanetary Collisions”, The Long-Range Consequences of Interplanetary Collisions 1/1/1994, https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1994IST....10...67S/abstract Advantage – US/Russia Russo-US relations suck—we’re on the brink of Putin bombing all our space tech to oblivion. Koffler 11-17Rebekah Koffler is a former Defense Intelligence Agency officer and author of “Putin’s Playbook: Russia’s Secret Plan to Defeat America.”, Opinion, 11-17 2021,WSJ,https://www.wsj.com/articles/space-armageddon-and-putins-threats-to-ukraine-russia-antisatellite-weapon-11637183651, 12-15-2021 amrita American private appropriation of outer space is a core issue that tanks our relations- specifically asteroid mining. Taichman 21 Elya Taichman is currently obtaining his J.D. at Temple University Beasley School of Law where he is a Beasley Scholar, a Law and Public Policy Scholar, and a Staff Editor on the Temple Law Review. Elya Taichman is the former Legislative Director for Congresswoman Michelle Lujan Grisham (current Governor of New Mexico). Elya advised the Congresswoman on foreign policy, national security, space, and economic issues., 2021, The Artemis Accords: Employing Space Diplomacy to De-Escalate a National Security Threat and Promote Space Commercialization,https://digitalcommons.wcl.american.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1131andcontext=nslb, 12-15-2021 amrita Scenario 1: Rocky relations with Russia on asteroid mining cause China-Russian alliances—a recommitment is needed. Taichman 21 Elya Taichman is currently obtaining his J.D. at Temple University Beasley School of Law where he is a Beasley Scholar, a Law and Public Policy Scholar, and a Staff Editor on the Temple Law Review. Elya Taichman is the former Legislative Director for Congresswoman Michelle Lujan Grisham (current Governor of New Mexico). Elya advised the Congresswoman on foreign policy, national security, space, and economic issues., 2021, The Artemis Accords: Employing Space Diplomacy to De-Escalate a National Security Threat and Promote Space Commercialization,https://digitalcommons.wcl.american.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1131andcontext=nslb, 12-15-2021 amrita A strong Sino-Russian alliance sets the stage for the replacement of the ILO and a new hegemonic era. Kevin 3-25 Tony Kevin, Russia and China are sending Biden a message: don't judge us or try to change us. Those days are over, 3-25-2021,Conversation,https://theconversation.com/russia-and-china-are-sending-biden-a-message-dont-judge-us-or-try-to-change-us-those-days-are-over-157771, 12-15-2021 amrita Extinction- stability collapses :/ Rebecca Friedman Lissner and Mira Rapp-Hooper 18, *Lissner: a Research Fellow at Perry World House, the University of Pennsylvania’s global policy research center, Rapp-Hooper: a Senior Fellow at the Paul Tsai China Center and Senior Research Scholar at Yale Law School, “The Liberal Order Is More Than a Myth,” Foreign Affairs, July 31, 2018, https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/world/2018-07-31/liberal-order-more-myth
2/13/22
3 - JF - Mining Aff v2
Tournament: Colleyville | Round: 3 | Opponent: Flowermound ST | Judge: Chris Randall OS - Minor changes under f/w with comparative worlds v. TT
2/13/22
3 - JF - Mining Aff v3
Tournament: UPenn | Round: 4 | Opponent: Scarsdale SV | Judge: Jonah Gentleman OS - minor changes to f/w
2/13/22
3 - MA - Whole Rez
Tournament: TFA State | Round: 2 | Opponent: Strake Jesuit JW | Judge: Adrian Sendejas FW The standard is maximizing expected wellbeing. Prefer it: 1 Actor specificity: ‘A Aggregation – every policy benefits some and harms others, which also means side constraints freeze action. 1AC: Plan We Affirm the Whole Resolution – Resolved: In a democracy, a free press ought to prioritize objectivity over advocacy. Objective Journalism lies in Objectivity of its methodology. Jones 9 Alex Jones 9-15-2009 "An Argument Why Journalists Should Not Abandon Objectivity" https://niemanreports.org/articles/an-argument-why-journalists-should-not-abandon-objectivity/ (Alex S. Jones, a 1982 Nieman Fellow, is director of the Joan Shorenstein Center on the Press, Politics and Public Policy at Harvard University.)Elmer Do not conflate Objectivity with Neutrality – the truth doesn’t always lie in the Center. Gutman 12 David Gutman 10-25-2012 "Objectivity Does Not Mean Neutrality: The Danger of False Equivalency in the Media" https://www.commondreams.org/views/2012/10/25/objectivity-does-not-mean-neutrality-danger-false-equivalency-media (Ph.D. Assistant Professor. IMSE.)Elmer Advantage Advantage 1 is Democracy: Objectivity is key to credibility in the Media – visions of fairness prevents polarization. Allen 21 Cindy Allen 6-3-2021 "OPINION COLUMN: Objectivity, fairness are key to credibility for news organizations" https://www.enidnews.com/opinion/opinion-column-objectivity-fairness-are-key-to-credibility-for-news-organizations/article_35b10a0c-c488-11eb-95b6-1b94d28a20f4.html (Publisher/Editor)Elmer Best studies prove declining distrust in news objectivity diminishes Democratic accountability. Sands 20 John Sands 8-4-2020 "Americans are losing faith in an objective media. A new Gallup/Knight study explores why." https://knightfoundation.org/articles/americans-are-losing-faith-in-an-objective-media-a-new-gallup-knight-study-explores-why/ (Researcher at the Knights Foundation)Elmer Accountability is critical to a functioning democracy – specifically by an Objective Press. Hamilton and Krosnick 20 James Hamilton and Jon Krosnick 2-27-2020 "Stanford researchers discuss journalism and democracy in lead up to Super Tuesday" https://news.stanford.edu/2020/02/27/journalism-and-democracy/ (Hamilton also directs the Stanford Journalism Program, is a co-founder of the Stanford Computational Journalism Lab and a senior fellow at the Stanford Institute for Economic Policy Research. Krosnick also directs the Political Psychology Research Group and is a professor, by courtesy, of psychology.)Elmer Democracy solves Nuclear War. Diamond 19, Larry. Ill winds: Saving democracy from Russian rage, Chinese ambition, and American complacency. Penguin Books, 2019. (professor of Sociology and Political Science at Stanford University, PhD in Sociology)Elmer Nuke war causes extinction AND outweighs other existential risks PND 16. internally citing Zbigniew Brzezinski, Council of Foreign Relations and former national security adviser to President Carter, Toon and Robock’s 2012 study on nuclear winter in the Bulletin of Atomic Scientists, Gareth Evans’ International Commission on Nuclear Non-proliferation and Disarmament Report, Congressional EMP studies, studies on nuclear winter by Seth Baum of the Global Catastrophic Risk Institute and Martin Hellman of Stanford University, and U.S. and Russian former Defense Secretaries and former heads of nuclear missile forces, brief submitted to the United Nations General Assembly, Open-Ended Working Group on nuclear risks. A/AC.286/NGO/13. 05-03-2016. http://www.reachingcriticalwill.org/images/documents/Disarmament-fora/OEWG/2016/Documents/NGO13.pdfRe-cut by Elmer Fact-focused Journalism is necessary to disseminate the truth and combat misinformation and fake news. Beckerman 21 Jim Beckerman 2-18-2021 "Fair and balanced press? When do newspapers cross the line? | Matters of Fact" https://www.northjersey.com/story/entertainment/columnists/jim-beckerman/2021/02/18/media-bias-newspapers-objective-press-fake-news/4094763001/Elmer Fake News is an independent Existential Threat - hurts global cooperation on every significant issue and results in geopolitical conflict spirals. Al-Rodhan 17 Nayef Al-Rodhan 6-7-2017 "Post-Truth Politics, the Fifth Estate and the Securitization of Fake News" https://www.globalpolicyjournal.com/blog/07/06/2017/post-truth-politics-fifth-estate-and-securitization-fake-news (Prof Nayef Al-Rodhan is an Honorary Fellow at St Antony’s College, University of Oxford, and Senior Fellow and Head of the Geopolitics and Global Futures Programme at the Geneva Centre for Security Policy)Elmer Independently, causes support for Populist Movements that are “anti-establishment” – declining trust in media institutions is the critical Internal Link. Cantarella et Al 19 Michele Cantarella, Nicolò Fraccaroli, and Roberto Volpe 7-11-2019 "The effect of fake news on populist voting: Evidence from a natural experiment in Italy" https://voxeu.org/article/effect-fake-news-populist-votingElmer Populism causes Extinction. Leigh 21, Andrew. What's the Worst that Could Happen?: Existential Risk and Extreme Politics. MIT Press, 2021. (Australian member of Parliament, former professor of economics at the Australian National University)Elmer
3/10/22
3 - MA - Whole Rez v2
Tournament: TFA State | Round: 3 | Opponent: Westwood EV | Judge: Jack Quisenberry FW The standard is maximizing expected wellbeing. Prefer it: 1 Actor specificity: ‘A Aggregation – B No act-omission distinction – 1AC: Plan We Affirm the Whole Resolution – Resolved: In a democracy, a free press ought to prioritize objectivity over advocacy. Objective Journalism lies in Objectivity of its methodology. Jones 9 Alex Jones 9-15-2009 "An Argument Why Journalists Should Not Abandon Objectivity" https://niemanreports.org/articles/an-argument-why-journalists-should-not-abandon-objectivity/ (Alex S. Jones, a 1982 Nieman Fellow, is director of the Joan Shorenstein Center on the Press, Politics and Public Policy at Harvard University.)Elmer Advantages 1 We need climate action NOW UN 19 Meetings Coverage and Press Releases. “Only 11 Years Left to Prevent Irreversible Damage from Climate Change, Speakers Warn during General Assembly High-Level Meeting.” UNITED NATIONS GENERAL ASSEMBLY, SEVENTY-THIRD SESSION, HIGH-LEVEL MEETING ON CLIMATE AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT (AM and PM). 28 March 2019. URL: https://www.un.org/press/en/2019/ga12131.doc.htm Jannat Verma Misinformation about climate change fueled through free press decks any form of climate action LA Times 22 The Times Editorial Board. “Editorial: Misinformation is blocking climate action, and the UN is finally calling it out.” Los Angeles Times. 7 March 2022. URL: https://www.latimes.com/opinion/story/2022-03-07/climate-misinformation Jannat Verma
Warming causes extinction – It’s linear; every decrease in rising temperatures radically mitigates the risk of existential climate change. Xu and Ramanathan 17, Yangyang Xu, Assistant Professor of Atmospheric Sciences at Texas AandM University; and Veerabhadran Ramanathan, Distinguished Professor of Atmospheric and Climate Sciences at the Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, 9/26/17, “Well below 2 °C: Mitigation strategies for avoiding dangerous to catastrophic climate changes,” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, Vol. 114, No. 39, p. 10315-10323recut CHS PK 2 Best studies prove declining distrust in news objectivity diminishes Democratic accountability. Sands 20 John Sands 8-4-2020 "Americans are losing faith in an objective media. A new Gallup/Knight study explores why." https://knightfoundation.org/articles/americans-are-losing-faith-in-an-objective-media-a-new-gallup-knight-study-explores-why/ (Researcher at the Knights Foundation)Elmer Accountability is critical to a functioning democracy – specifically by an Objective Press. Hamilton and Krosnick 20 James Hamilton and Jon Krosnick 2-27-2020 "Stanford researchers discuss journalism and democracy in lead up to Super Tuesday" https://news.stanford.edu/2020/02/27/journalism-and-democracy/ (Hamilton also directs the Stanford Journalism Program, is a co-founder of the Stanford Computational Journalism Lab and a senior fellow at the Stanford Institute for Economic Policy Research. Krosnick also directs the Political Psychology Research Group and is a professor, by courtesy, of psychology.)Elmer Democracy solves Nuclear War. Diamond 19, Larry. Ill winds: Saving democracy from Russian rage, Chinese ambition, and American complacency. Penguin Books, 2019. (professor of Sociology and Political Science at Stanford University, PhD in Sociology)Elmer Nuke war causes extinction AND outweighs other existential risks PND 16. internally citing Zbigniew Brzezinski, Council of Foreign Relations and former national security adviser to President Carter, Toon and Robock’s 2012 study on nuclear winter in the Bulletin of Atomic Scientists, Gareth Evans’ International Commission on Nuclear Non-proliferation and Disarmament Report, Congressional EMP studies, studies on nuclear winter by Seth Baum of the Global Catastrophic Risk Institute and Martin Hellman of Stanford University, and U.S. and Russian former Defense Secretaries and former heads of nuclear missile forces, brief submitted to the United Nations General Assembly, Open-Ended Working Group on nuclear risks. A/AC.286/NGO/13. 05-03-2016. http://www.reachingcriticalwill.org/images/documents/Disarmament-fora/OEWG/2016/Documents/NGO13.pdfRe-cut by Elmer
Fake News is an independent Existential Threat - hurts global cooperation on every significant issue and results in geopolitical conflict spirals. Al-Rodhan 17 Nayef Al-Rodhan 6-7-2017 "Post-Truth Politics, the Fifth Estate and the Securitization of Fake News" https://www.globalpolicyjournal.com/blog/07/06/2017/post-truth-politics-fifth-estate-and-securitization-fake-news (Prof Nayef Al-Rodhan is an Honorary Fellow at St Antony’s College, University of Oxford, and Senior Fellow and Head of the Geopolitics and Global Futures Programme at the Geneva Centre for Security Policy)Elmer Independently, causes support for Populist Movements that are “anti-establishment” – declining trust in media institutions is the critical Internal Link. Cantarella et Al 19 Michele Cantarella, Nicolò Fraccaroli, and Roberto Volpe 7-11-2019 "The effect of fake news on populist voting: Evidence from a natural experiment in Italy" https://voxeu.org/article/effect-fake-news-populist-votingElmer Populism causes Extinction. Leigh 21, Andrew. What's the Worst that Could Happen?: Existential Risk and Extreme Politics. MIT Press, 2021. (Australian member of Parliament, former professor of economics at the Australian National University)Elmer
3/11/22
3 - ND - Ag Aff
Tournament: Hebron | Round: Quarters | Opponent: Suhani Jampala | Judge: Christopher Randall FW The standard is maximizing expected wellbeing. 1AC — Plan
Plan text: The United States ought to recognize an unconditional right to strike for agricultural laborers by amending the National Labor Relations Act to extend the definition of ‘employee’ to include agricultural laborers.
Squo NLRA fails to protect farmer’s rights to strike – plan amends the NLRA to collectively bargain Reilly, 11, Penn State Law, “Agricultural Laborers: Their Inability to Unionize Under the National Labor Relations Act”, Penn State: Masters of Science, JD Law, URL: https://pennstatelaw.psu.edu/_file/aglaw/Publications_Library/Agricultural_Laborers.pdf, 2011 + since most recent citation is from then, KR
The aff is key to increase incentives to farm: it increases wages, sets safe living conditions, AND helps farmers expand products Reilly, 11, Penn State Law, “Agricultural Laborers: Their Inability to Unionize Under the National Labor Relations Act”, Penn State: Masters of Science, JD Law, URL: https://pennstatelaw.psu.edu/_file/aglaw/Publications_Library/Agricultural_Laborers.pdf, 2011 + since most recent citation is from then, KR
Crop yield is key for meeting food criteria in upcoming generations Tian et al 21-- Tian, Zhixi principal investigator, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology and former research geneticist at Purdue, et al. "Designing future crops: challenges and strategies for sustainable agriculture." The Plant Journal 105.5 (2021): 1165-1178. (AG DebateDrills)
Right now, the US is resorting to farmland expansion to meet food demand—we are on the brink of prohibitive ecological costs from deforestation Tian et al 21-- Tian, Zhixi principal investigator, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology and former research geneticist at Purdue, et al. "Designing future crops: challenges and strategies for sustainable agriculture." The Plant Journal 105.5 (2021): 1165-1178. (AG DebateDrills)
But, increased yield prevents devastating environmental destruction which causes major bio-diversity loss that leads to extinction. Torres 16 Phil Biologist, conservationist, science advocate and educator. 2 years based in Amazon rainforest, now exploring science around the world. “Biodiversity Loss: An Existential Risk Comparable to Climate Change” http://futureoflife.org/2016/05/20/biodiversity-loss/. According to the Bulletin of Atomic Scientists, the two greatest existential threats to human civilization stem from climate change and nuclear weapons. Both pose clear and present dangers to the
Warming is linear—every decrease in rising temperatures radically mitigates the risk of existential climate change. Xu and Ramanathan 17, Yangyang Xu, Assistant Professor of Atmospheric Sciences at Texas AandM University; and Veerabhadran Ramanathan, Distinguished Professor of Atmospheric and Climate Sciences at the Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, 9/26/17, “Well below 2 °C: Mitigation strategies for avoiding dangerous to catastrophic climate changes,” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, Vol. 114, No. 39, p. 10315-10323recut CHS PK
Advantage 2 — Sustainable Argiculture
Farmworkers have been historically prevented from unionizing – recent developments are short in scope but lack further protections key for unions Wozniacka, 19, 5/7/2019, “Less than 1 Percent of US Farmworkers Belong to a Union. Here’s Why.”, CivilEats, Gosia Wozniacka is a senior reporter at Civil Eats. A multilingual journalist with more than fifteen years of experience, Gosia is currently based in Oregon. Wozniacka worked for five years as a staff reporter for The Associated Press in Fresno, California, and then in Portland, Oregon. She wrote extensively about agriculture, water, and other environmental issues, farmworkers and immigration policy, URL: https://civileats.com/2019/05/07/less-than-1-percent-of-us-farmworkers-belong-to-a-union-heres-why/ , KR Unions are key for sustainable agriculture – only collective bargaining rights and unionization checks – international union of agriculture proves Hurst et. al, 07, “Agricultural Workers and Their Contribution to Sustainable Agriculture and Rural Development”, ILO, Peter Hurst is the IUF's Occupational Health and Safety Specialist, Paola Termine is the FAO's Rural Institutions and Rural Workers Officer, Marilee Karl is a consultant with the FAO's Rural Institutions and Participation Service.URL: https://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/~-~~-~-ed_dialogue/~-~~-~-actrav/documents/publication/wcms_113732.pdf, KR
Sustainable agriculture, emphasized by farmers and unions, is key for biodiversity FP, 20, “Biodiversity and Agriculture: Industrial agriculture places consistency and productivity over biodiversity, but preserving the immense variety of life on earth is vital to the health of our planet and helps us safeguard our own food supply.”, Food Print: a non-profit organization dedicated to research and education on food production practices., URL: https://foodprint.org/issues/biodiversity-and-agriculture/, 20+ since some citations are from 2020, KR Warming is linear—every decrease in rising temperatures radically mitigates the risk of existential climate change. Xu and Ramanathan 17, Yangyang Xu, Assistant Professor of Atmospheric Sciences at Texas AandM University; and Veerabhadran Ramanathan, Distinguished Professor of Atmospheric and Climate Sciences at the Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, 9/26/17, “Well below 2 °C: Mitigation strategies for avoiding dangerous to catastrophic climate changes,” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, Vol. 114, No. 39, p. 10315-10323recut CHS PK
2/13/22
3 - ND - Lay Aff
Tournament: Hebron | Round: 1 | Opponent: Shreya Srivathsan RH | Judge: Alissa Kono F/W I affirm Resolved: A just government ought to recognize an unconditional right of workers to strike. The word ought in the resolution implies morality, thus my value is morality Moral uncertainty calls for utilitarianism as a sustainable moral value. Nick Bostrom, Faculty of Philosophy at Oxford, writes in 2012: Nick Bostrom, Faculty of Philosophy and Oxford Martin School, University of Oxford, 2012, "Existential Risk Prevention as a Global Priority," No Publication, https://www.existential-risk.org/concept.htmlDebateDrills TJ Squo Currently various states have restrictions on the right to strike. For example, Eleven states allow strike-strict conditions Michael Hiltzik 2013 (Michael Hiltzik, American columnist and reporter who has written extensively for the Los Angeles Times,) Why public employees should have the right to strike 10-24-2013 Los Angeles Times https://www.latimes.com/business/hiltzik/la-xpm-2013-oct-24-la-fi-mh-strike-20131024-story.htmlDebateDrills AP This needs to change C1 Income Inequality Income inequality is rising in the status quo. Chad Stone, chief economist at the center of budgest and policy priorities, shows in 2020: Chad Stone 20 (Chad Stone, Chief Economist at the Center on Budget and Policy Priorities, Acting executive director of the Joint Economic Committee of the Congress in 2007, Senior researcher at the Urban Institute, B.A. from Swarthmore College, Ph.D. in economics from Yale University) A Guide to Statistics on Historical Trends in Income Inequality 1-13-2020 Center on Budget and Policy Priorities https://www.cbpp.org/research/poverty-and-inequality/a-guide-to-statistics-on-historical-trends-in-income-inequalityDebateDrills TJ Income Inequality leads to higher mortality rates and poverty. Diane McLaughlin, department of population research institute, writes in 2002: Diane K. McLaughlin 02 (Diane K., McLaughlin, Department of Agricultural Economics and Rural Sociology and the Population Research Institute, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PhD) Income Inequality and Mortality in US Counties: Does Minority Racial Concentration Matter? 1-7-2002 PubMed Collective bargaining solves economic inequality and racial wage gaps. Gordon Lafer, Professor at the University of Oregon’s Labor Education, writes in 2020: Gordon Lafer 20 (Gordon Lafer, Political economist and is a Professor at the University of Oregon’s Labor Education and Research Center) Fear at work: An inside account of how employers threaten, intimidate, and harass workers to stop them from exercising their right to collective bargaining 7-23-2020 Economic Policy Institute https://www.epi.org/publication/fear-at-work-how-employers-scare-workers-out-of-unionizing/DebateDrills TJ C2 Economy Many jobs across America do not pay enough for people to survive— For example, Bryan Mims, a general assignment reporter for WRAL News writes in 2021 that: Bryan Mims, 21, (Bryan Mims, general assignment reporter for WRAL News' Fayetteville bureau) More workers are leaving poor working conditions for better jobs, remote work :: WRAL.com, 10-13-2021, WRAL https://www.wral.com/coronavirus/more-workers-are-leaving-poor-working-conditions-for-better-jobs-remote-work/19924431/DebateDrills AP Strikes are an effective tool to increase power for the working class. According to Kate Bahn, the chief economist at the Washington Center for Equitable Growth, in 2019: Kate Bahn 19 (Kate Bahn, Director of labor market policy and interim chief economist at the Washington Center for Equitable Growth, Bahn received her Ph.D. in economics from the New School for Social Research and her B.A. from Hampshire College.) The once and future role of strikes in ensuring U.S. worker power 8-29-2019 Equitable Growth https://equitablegrowth.org/the-once-and-future-role-of-strikes-in-ensuring-u-s-worker-power/DebateDrills TJ Pay increases, result in higher worker productivity , Ray Fisman and Michel Luca, economists from Boston University, say during 2021: Ray Fisman and Michael Luca 21 (Ray Fisman and Michael Luca, ) How Higher Wages Can Increase Profits 1-21-2021 WSJ https://www.wsj.com/articles/the-case-for-higher-wages-in-hard-times-11611241084DebateDrills TJ Higher Productivity leads to better firm results which increases economy. According to George Ward, a researcher at the Center for Economic Performance, say that during 2019: George Ward 19 (George Ward, Researcher at the Centre for Economic Performance, London School of Economics) It's official: happy employees mean healthy firms 7-18-2019 World Economic Forum https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2019/07/happy-employees-and-their-impact-on-firm-performanceDebateDrills TJ C3 Democracy Unions solves is civic engagement. Strikes increase democratic participation which reinvigorates democracy. Sean McElwee, 2015 (Sean McElwee is an American policy advisor, data scientist, and activist. McElwee currently serves as the Executive Director of Data for Progress, a progressive think tank and polling firm he co-founded in 201,) The American Prospect, 9-16-15, “How Unions Boost Democratic Participation,” https://prospect.org/labor/unions-boost-democratic-participation/ DebateDrills AP Labor unions end up solving monopolization of Governmental Power. Recognition reaffirms basic liberties and achieves perfect power distribution Maina Kiai, 2017 (Mr. Maina Kiai is a Special Rapporteur on freedom of peaceful assembly and of association and serves as an independent expert for the UN Human Rights Council.) “UN Rights Expert: ‘Fundamental Right to Strike Must be Preserved’” UN Human Rights, 3-9-2017 https://www.ohchr.org/EN/NewsEvents/Pages/DisplayNews.aspx?NewsID=21328andLangID=E DebateDrills AP