I agree with their fwk questioning masc concepts is good Cornell defines Private entity: (A) In general Except as otherwise provided in this paragraph, the term "private entity" means any person or private group, organization, proprietorship, partnership, trust, cooperative, corporation, or other commercial or nonprofit entity, including an officer, employee, or agent thereof. Definition: Private entity from 6 USC § 1501(15)(A). (n.d.). LII / Legal Information Institute. Retrieved January 21, 2022, from https://www.law.cornell.edu/definitions/uscode.php?width=840andheight=800andiframe=trueanddef_id=6-USC-625312480-168358316andterm_occur=999andterm_src=title:6:chapter:6:subchapter:I:section:1501 Allow space to act as an utopian future for witches. A place to explore and create instead of viewing space through the perspective of the rich white man. Thaddeus-Johns 21, J. (2021, November 24). Space pagans and smartphone witches: Where tech meets mysticism. The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2021/11/24/arts/design/technoshamanism-hmkv-germany.html Treister's neat, colorful works on paper feature flying saucers and stars laid out in a kabbalah tree-of-life diagram, and blueprints for imagined scientific systems and extraterrestrial architecture. As billionaires like Elon Musk and Jeff Bezos look to outer space as the next frontier for human expansion, Treister has imagined a utopian alternative: space exploration as a process in which rituals and visions play as much of a role as solar power and artificial intelligence. Many esoteric practices connect communities to a higher power, Arns said, which is why outer space features in so many contemporary artists' explorations of spirituality. "It's making a link between the microcosm and macrocosm," she added, creating "an idea of a world that doesn't only include the Earth." The counter plan is Space Witches. Witches as individuals as a private entity should be allowed to appropriate space. We appropriate the stars, the moon, and the solar system to create an all inclusive and future orientated horizon. This space exists outside the realm of the normative and on a fluid plane of shape shifting and creation. Space will act as a haven for witches. The affirmative rejects going to space because of the confines of the rich white man. Instead of being concerned with the money and actions of them let us freely explore. As long as they frame disclourse in the debate space as hetronormative we can never have any real change, the conversation needs to completely shit to enhjoying space. The neg solves for the harms of the afff by doing this and allowing witches in for different purposes of appropriating space that don't perpetuate the harms of the aff. Also their case is non-unique, the harms still continue on earth no matter what, redefining space doesn't solve for oppersion or pain like allowing witches in space will.
No solvency - Notions of one feminist project are universalizing and defeat the goals of diverse schools of feminist thought
Zalewski, Head of the School of Social Science at Aberdeen University, 03 (Marysia, "'Women's Troubles' Again In IR", Gender and International Relations, International Studies Review 5, 2003 JSTOR)AS We know feminism is really feminisms. Its boundaries, such as they exist, AND the male/masculine realm amounts to little more than lip-service.
The Aff attaches meaning to the ballot and creates an optimistic relationship to the object. This produces a cruel fantasy of solvency around a meaningless paper.
Berlant, U-Chicago, "Cruel Optimism" 11: (Berlant, Lauren. University of Chicago. "Cruel Optimism" Duke University Press. 2011. Pgs. 2) Whatever the experience of optimism is in particular, then, the affective structure of AND of profound threat that is, at the same time, profoundly confirming.
The Aff presents their communication in this room hoping that we can collectively create a better world. This produces a relation of cruel optimism with the political.
Berlant, U-Chicago, "Cruel Optimism" 11: (Berlant, Lauren. University of Chicago. "Cruel Optimism" Duke University Press. 2011. Pgs. 226-227) Public spheres are always affect worlds, worlds to which people are bound, when AND has the negative force of cynicism or the dark attenuation of political depression.
First, Solvency Takeout: cruel optimism solidifies relations of oppression. This passivity cannot solve.
Berlant, U-Chicago, "Cruel Optimism" 11: (Berlant, Lauren. University of Chicago. "Cruel Optimism" Duke University Press. 2011. Pgs. 43) This means that the object of cruel optimism here appears as the thing within any AND we can sustain a coasting sentience, in response to being too alive.
Second, Case TURN: Cruel Optimism reproduces normativity and causes further repetitions of oppression. This locks us into a relation of living death.
Berlant, U-Chicago, "Cruel Optimism" 11: (Berlant, Lauren. University of Chicago. "Cruel Optimism" Duke University Press. 2011. Pgs. 180) The desire for a less-bad life involves finding resting places; the reproduction AND manifestation in their own lives could easily have produced their rejection of it?
1/22/22
Contact Info
Tournament: All | Round: 1 | Opponent: All | Judge: All Hi I'm Lily! I use she/they pronouns. Please contact me before round if there is anything I can do to accommodate you in round! *FOR BLAKE: This is my first tournament of the year, I will disclose cases as I run them, please feel free to reach out for disclosure before round however.
Separation and denial of private entities from space further devalues and dooms Disabled bodies to be excluded from society Wendell, S. (2020). Toward a feminist theory of disability. In Women, Medicine, Ethics and the Law (pp. 373–393). Routledge. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003073789-18 In the split between the public and the private worlds, women (and children AND available before, whose implications and capacity might not be obvious right away."
The ROB is vote for the debater who best rejects ableist structures
Taking a personal stand against systems that promote oppression is key to creating justice, pride and healing for those most affected and thus must come first when evaluating the round.
The method is Disability Pride, this is not pride in the classic sense of hubris but instead refers to a feeling of self-worth and positive self-image. To have this, we must resist the ableist norms that promote shaming, isolation and silence. This is key to fighting against ableist structures.
Clare 09 (Eli-big time expert of queer and disability studies. Exile and Pride: disability, queerness and liberation. pg 106-107) These forces are taking freakdom back, declaring that disabled people will be at the AND soaked in shame, dressed in silence, rooted in isolation. AND
Pride is key to resisting both internal and external oppression. It creates the possibility to turn societal hatred into a source of strength.
Clare~2~ (Eli-big time expert of queer and disability studies. Exile and Pride: disability, queerness and liberation. pg 108) Pride works in direct opposition to internalized oppression. The latter provides fertile ground for AND "So what?"undercuts the power of those who want us dead.
As members of society we have an obligation to confront stereotypes that lead to internalized oppression. This means you look to fostering disability pride first in the round
The resolution is undergirded by a dualistic understanding of systems and being - instrumentalism relies on the flawed conception of a unified subject and static identity, which reinforces inherently static dichotomies – traditionally "male" vs. traditionally "female" discussions, assertive men vs. submissive women– those that fail to conform become viewed as the witch-like monstrous other, to be either eradicated or forced to conform – instead of forcing us to adhere to strictures of conformity, allow us to frame discourse and identity through becoming – the body is a plane on which chaotic, everchanging forces act, and embracing this is key
Ella Brians. 2011. ~Ella Brians (B.A., Amherst College, French and Philosophy; M.A., New School for Social Research, Philosophy) works on poetry and poetics from Romanticism to Modernism in English, French and German~, The 'Virtual' Body and the Strange Persistence of the Flesh: Deleuze, Cyberspace and the Posthuman, Deleuze and the Body. https://edinburgh.universitypressscholarship.com/view/10.3366/edinburgh/9780748638642.001.0001/upso-9780748638642-chapter-6. EC This brings us, finally, to Deleuze. Ann Weinstone has grouped Deleuze's work AND and materiality, but that also sees these two tasks as intimately interconnected.
We must strive to become the monstrosity of the other - before we can reach liberation
Massumi 99 Massumi, Brian. A User's Guide to Capitalism and Schizophrenia: Deviations from Deleuze and Guattari. MIT Press, 1999 (LHZ 1/2/20) The productive processes of becoming-other and becoming-the-same follow very AND . The select achieve death (maximum entropy). 107-108
Thus, I embrace the job of the witch in undermining and questioning the gender binary that permeates the gender spheres and debate, in order to combat its pervasive violence and achieve liberation. This means I reject the topic and discussion over the appropriation of outer space for trying to appropriate space similar to the way heteronormative spaces have tried to appropriate me, as the discussion over space colonization will always exclude my voice.
The appropriation of space is a move to colonize space for the use of rich, white men. This comes from the same string of ideology that patriarchal violence is born from – a need to guarantee white men have immediate access to everything and anything they want.
Bianco 18 Bianco, Marcie."The Patriarchal Race to Colonize Mars Is Just Another Example of Male Entitlement." NBCNews.com, NBCUniversal News Group, 2 Aug. 2019, www.nbcnews.com/think/opinion/patriarchal-race-colonize-mars-just-another-example-male-entitlement-ncna849681 These men, particularly Musk, are not only heavily invested in who can get AND available before, whose implications and capacity might not be obvious right away."
ROB
Thus, the role of the ballot is to vote for the debater who most performatively and methodologically upholds feminist pedagogies and rejects heteronormitive appropriation.
Issues devoid of gender are a clear indicator of hegemonic masculinity; this has created a situation where masculine is the norm. The best way to reject hegemonic masculinity is to first question the institutions we take for granted in our society, which means we first have to deconstruct hegemonic masculinity in daily institutions and bring the issues up in political discussions. The debate space encompasses both, this gives the neg a pre-fiat impact of liberation in the debate space.
Kronsell 06, Annica Kronsell: Assistant Professor of Political Science at the University of Lund, edited by Brooke A. Ackerly: Assistant Professor in the Department of Political Science at Vanderbilt University, Maria Stern: Lecturer and Researcher at the Department of Peace and Development Research, Goteborg University, and Jacqui True: Senior Lecturer in the Department of Political Studies at the University of Auckland, New Zealand, Feminist Methodologies of International Relations, 2006, Cambridge University p. 109 I became interested in what Hearn and Parker (2001: xii) call " AND What are the methods by which we can transcend this silence on gender?
Using feminist pedagogy in an educational space helps eliminate ideologies of privilege. This is a prerequisite to larger moral policy discussions, because otherwise the only voices we hear are those of the privileged. This becomes a bigger issue when the resolution at hand isnt accessible queer bodies
Teachnology What Is Feminist Pedagogy?, www.teach-nology.com/teachers/methods/feminist_pedagogy/ 1/2/20 While ideally used in a university setting, feminist pedagogy can be employed in elementary AND among friends or family or neighbors, but allows everyone the same opportunities.
The standard is mitigating structural violence. Prefer for three reasons.
Structural violence is a form of oppression that is formed through moral exclusion. Recognition of this is key to stopping it Winter and Leighton 99 ~Deborah DuNann Winter and Dana C. Leighton Winter :Psychologist that specializes in Social Psych, Counseling Psych, Historical and Contemporary Issues, Peace Psychology. Leighton: PhD graduate student in the Psychology Department at the University of Arkansas. "Peace, conflict, and violence: Peace psychology in the 21st century." 1999~ Finally, to recognize the operation of structural violence forces us to ask questions about AND normal part of life – one that will follow us to the stars.
Solvency con 2: Teamwork
The Public Sector is Designed to collaborate with the Private Sector
Fernholz 19, Tim. "How to Build a Space Economy That Avoids the Mistakes of Terrestrial Capitalism." Quartz, Quartz, qz.com/work/1767415/can-nasa-build-a-space-economy-that-leaves-capitalisms-problems-behind/. The good news is that we aren't close to a world like the one depicted in the movie Elysium, where the ultra-wealthy repair to space and leave the rest of us behind. Our public and private interests will be far more intertwined, in part because governments have designed it that way. Most of the major space agencies are compelled by law in their home countries to support private economic activity, which means for example that NASA, by law, views the success of US companies in space as part of its mission, and not a distraction or a threat. The reality is that public space agencies, particularly NASA in the United States, remain the largest spenders in space and control the conditions for private organizations acting in orbit. Their challenge—and opportunity—is to manage the transition to a new, multi-stakeholder world in orbit by successfully subsidizing new initiatives without letting the benefits escape the public at large. If we choose to not allow for cooperation between the two sectors, we hold back both from completing important tasks. Houser 17 "Private Companies, Not Governments, Are Shaping the Future of Space Exploration." Futurism, Futurism, 12 June 2017, futurism.com/private-companies-not-governments-are-shaping-the-future-of-space-exploration. "We're starting to see advances made by private entities that are more significant than any advances in the last three years that were made by the government," Chris Lewicki, CEO and President of Planetary Resources, tells Futurism. Amazon CEO Jeff Bezos's Blue Origin and Tesla CEO Elon Musk's SpaceX are arguably the two companies that are setting the pace. In November 2015, the former completed the first successful vertical rocket landing after sending their New Shepard 100 kilometers (62 miles) into the air. SpaceX landed its own rocket a month later, only they did so with a craft twice as heavy as Blue Origin's and traveled all the way into space first. A month after that, in January 2016, Bezos's company became the first entity to re-launch and re-land a previously used rocket. SpaceX followed suit in 2017. "The government was never able to ~build reusable rockets~, but now, two private companies within the space of the same year have done that," points out Lewicki. If all goes according to plan, when SpaceX's Falcon Heavy launches in September, it'll take the title of the world's most powerful rocket away from NASA's Saturn V. Virgin Galactic is already selling tickets for what it expects to be the first private spaceflights, which will take place aboard the sleek VSS Unity. SpaceX plans to send space tourists to the Moon in 2018, and then in 2024, the company hopes to launch a system that will take people all the way to Mars…roughly 5-15 years before NASA expects to do the same. Private companies may be in the lead, but the finish line for this Space Race isn't exactly clear. The first iteration was arguably "won" when Neil Armstrong took his first steps on the Moon, so does this sequel end when we establish the first Moon base? When a human walks on Mars? When we leave the solar system? Truthfully, the likelihood of humanity ever calling it a day on space exploration is slim to none. The universe is huge, with galaxy estimates in the trillions, so the goalpost will continue moving back (to bring another sport into the analogy). Rather than focusing on competing in what is ultimately an unwinnable race, private and government-backed space agencies can actually benefit from collaboration thanks to their inherent differences. "The way that SpaceX, Planetary Resources, or Virgin Galactic approaches space exploration is going to be very different from NASA or the Air Force," explains Lewicki. Private companies aren't beholden to the same slow processes that often stall government projects, and they can secure or reallocate funding much more swiftly if need be. However, unlike agencies like NASA, they do have shareholders to keep happy and a need to constantly pursue profitability. The two sectors, therefore, have a tremendous opportunity to help one another. Private companies can generate revenue through government contracts —for example, NASA has contracted Boeing to transport astronauts to the International Space Station (ISS), and SpaceX just closed a deal with the U.S. Air Force to launch its secretive space drone. This leaves the government agencies free to pursue the kind of forward-thinking, longer-term research that might not immediately generate revenue, but that can be later streamlined and improved upon in the private sector. Ultimately, Space Race 2.0 has no losers. The breakthroughs happening in space exploration benefit us all, and truly, a little friendly competition never hurt anyone (unless you count the egos bruised by those tweets). 3. Therefore, by allowing for cooperation, we ensure we can make the most progress in helping society by allowing both parties into space. \
1/22/22
SV neg case
Tournament: State | Round: 1 | Opponent: LSW RN | Judge: Robertson, Fred
The US has a long history of 'muckraking' journalism which prioritizes advocacy over objectivity and makes our society better.
Fisher 16 Fisher, Caroline. "The Advocacy Continuum: Towards A Theory Of Advocacy In Journalism." Journalism 17(6). 2016. Web. February 13, 2022. https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/1464884915582311. 'Muckraking' and 'crusading' journalism also fall under the banner of 'advocacy journalism' AND reporters 'often in the form of advocacy journalism' (p. 54).
This sort of journalism rejects big media of journalism and actually provides for more change. This flows under the framing since we actually allow for concrete ways to decrease oppression, since the journalists are going to be allowed to be more connected to the movements and can provide for more empathy.
Subjectivity leads to better reporting; consumers relate to news easier and can often bread empathy.
Skepticism, not objectivity, drives effective journalism that the public will find accurate, relevant, accessible, and timely.
Shapiro 21 Shapiro, Ivor. "Skepticism, Not Objectivity, Is What Makes Journalism Matter." Ryerson University. April 19, 2021. Web. February 12, 2022. https://ryersonresearch.com/skepticism-not-objectivity-is-what-makes-journalismmatter/. Uninhibited curiosity The uninhibited questioning of what others take to be facts is nothing like AND to hear. Skepticism, not objectivity, is why democracies need journalists.
Turn—All knowledge comes from a specific location-Western racism and colonialism maintain dominance because they appear as neutral and objective. Asking those who are oppressed to endorse these Eurocentric assumptions denies social location
Grosfoguel in 2k7 (Ramon, UC Berkeley, FORTHCOMING IN RAMÓN GROSFOGUEL, JOSÉ DAVID SALDÍVAR AND NELSON MALDONADO TORRES (EDS.) UNSETTLING POSTCOLONIALITY: COLONIALITY, TRANSMODERNITY AND BORDER THINKING (DUKE UNIVERSITY PRESS; 2007). DECOLONIZING POLITICAL-ECONOMY AND POST-COLONIAL STUDIES: TRANSMODERNITY, BORDER THINKING, AND GLOBAL COLONIALITY, http://www.afyl.org/descolonizingeconomy.pdf) The first point to discuss is the contribution of racial/ethnic and feminist subaltern AND and objectivity of the ego-politics of knowledge is a Western myth.
Objectivity comes from a place of privilege and is racist.