Tournament: Yale University Invitational 2021 | Round: 2 | Opponent: Dowling Catholic JT | Judge: Saeed, Nida
The standard is maximizing expected well-being.
1~ Only pleasure and pain are intrinsically valuable – all other frameworks collapse.
Moen 16 ~Ole Martin Moen, Research Fellow in Philosophy at University of Oslo "An Argument for Hedonism" Journal of Value Inquiry (Springer), 50 (2) 2016: 267–281~ TDI
Let us start by observing, empirically, that a widely shared judgment about intrinsic
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places where we reach the end of the line in matters of value.
Bostrom 12 ~(Nick Bostrom, Faculty of Philosophy and Oxford Martin School University of Oxford) "Existential Risk Prevention as Global Priority." Global Policy, 2012~ TDI
These reflections on moral uncertainty suggest an alternative, complementary way of looking at existential
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of value. To do this, we must prevent any existential catastrophe.
3~ Actor specificity: A~ Governments must aggregate since every policy benefit some and harms others, which also means side constraints freeze action. B~ States lack wills or intentions since policies are collective actions. C~ Actor-specificity comes first since different agents have different ethical standings.
WTO — the only global international organization dealing with the rules of trade between nations
https://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/whatis_e/whatis_e.htm
Intellectual property protections — protection for inventions, literary and artistic works, symbols,
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value is morality because of the word "ought" in the resolution.
Ezell and Cory 19 ~(Stephen, vice president, global innovation policy, at the Information Technology and Innovation Foundation, B.S. from the School of Foreign Service at Georgetown University, and Nigel, associate director covering trade policy at the Information Technology and Innovation Foundation, former researcher in the Southeast Asia Program at the Center for Strategic and International Studies, MA in public policy from Georgetown University) "The Way Forward for Intellectual Property Internationally," Information Technology and Innovation Foundation, 4/25/2019~ TDI
IPR reforms also introduce strong incentives for domestic innovation. Sherwood, using case studies
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for foreign direct investment which in turn also leads to economic growth."56
Remes et al 20 (https://www.mckinsey.com/industries/healthcare-systems-and-services/our-insights/ten-innovations-that-can-improve-global-health, McKinsey Global Institute Ten innovations that can improve global health July 15, 2020 | Article, Jaana Remes is a partner of the McKinsey Global Institute, where Jonathan Woetzel is a director and Sven Smit is co-chair and a director. Katherine Linzer is a partner in McKinsey's Chicago office. Shubham Singhal is a senior partner in the Detroit office. Martin Dewhurst and Penelope Dash are senior partners in the London office, where Kristin-Anne Rutter is a partner. Matthias Evers is a senior partner in the Hamburg office. Matt Wilson is a senior partner in the New York office. Aditi Ramdorai is a consultant in the Berlin office.lex AL)
By 2040, new technologies could reduce the total burden of disease by 6 to
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investments by pharmaceutical companies, medical and other technology companies, and academia.
CP Text – The member nations of the WTO ought to reduce IPP for medicines during public health emergencies and employ direct health support through the methods in the Lindsey evidence. In all other cases IPP ought to remain the same.
The CP incentivizes pharma medicine development during future pandemics – the aff fails.
Lindsey 21 Brink Lindsey is Vice President and Director of the Open Society Project at the Niskanen Center. Previously he was the Cato Institute's vice president for research ~Brink Lindsey, 6-3-2021, "Why intellectual property and pandemics don't mix," Brookings, https://www.brookings.edu/blog/up-front/2021/06/03/why-intellectual-property-and-pandemics-dont-mix/~~ Lex AKo
On May 5 the Biden administration announced that it would support waiving intellectual property protections
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eager to come to the rescue again the next time there's a crisis.