Lexington The Aff
| Tournament | Round | Opponent | Judge | Cites | Round Report | Open Source | Edit/Delete |
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| 48th Annual Harvard National Forensics Tournament | 2 | Palm Beach Independent MP | Tahj Johnson |
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| 48th Annual Harvard National Forensics Tournament | 4 | Randolph CC | Kyle Kopf |
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| 48th Annual Harvard National Forensics Tournament | 6 | Chattahoochee EK | Sreyaash Das |
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| 48th Annual Harvard National Forensics Tournament | Triples | Newport JQ | Amit Kukreja, Vandan Patel, James Stuckert |
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| 48th Annual Harvard National Forensics Tournament | Doubles | San Mateo YR | James Stuckert, Michael Kurian, Tanya Moss-Barry |
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| Any | 1 | Any | Any |
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| Apple Valley MinneApple Debate Tournament | 2 | Harrison MB | Zach Thornhill |
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| Apple Valley MinneApple Debate Tournament | 3 | Peninsula SM | Wyatt Hatfield |
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| Apple Valley MinneApple Debate Tournament | 5 | Peninsula BD | Joseph Georges |
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| Apple Valley MinneApple Debate Tournament | Octas | Strath Haven AM | Lawrence Zhou, Samantha McLoughlin, Joshua StPeter |
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| Barkley Forum For High Schools | 1 | Sequoia AS | Sreyaash Das |
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| Barkley Forum For High Schools | 4 | Strake Jesuit JY | Dylan Jones |
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| Barkley Forum For High Schools | 6 | Millburn AX | David Herrera |
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| Florida Blue Key Speech and Debate Tournament | 5 | Strake Jesuit VM | Sneh Chachra |
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| Florida Blue Key Speech and Debate Tournament | Octas | American Heritage Broward MC | Sreyaash Das, David Herrera, Amadea Datel |
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| Florida Blue Key Speech and Debate Tournament | 2 | Academy Of Classical Christian Studies JM | James Stuckert |
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| Florida Blue Key Speech and Debate Tournament | 4 | Strath Haven AM | Sabrina Callahan |
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| Greenhill Fall Classic | 2 | Coppell RM | Saianurag Karavadi |
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| Greenhill Fall Classic | 4 | Strake Jesuit DL | William Freedman |
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| Greenhill Fall Classic | 6 | Marlborough WR | Jack Quisenberry |
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| Mid America Cup | 1 | Harrison AA | Benjamin Morbeck |
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| Mid America Cup | 3 | Rosemount CD | Nikita Tanguturi |
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| Mid America Cup | 5 | Lake Highland PS | Phoenix Pittman |
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| New York City Invitational Debate And Speech Tournament | 1 | Mission San Jose SS | Michael Harris |
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| New York City Invitational Debate And Speech Tournament | 4 | Academy Of Classical Christian Studies JM | Sesh Joe |
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| New York City Invitational Debate And Speech Tournament | 6 | Unionville AS | Fabrice Etienne |
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| New York City Invitational Debate And Speech Tournament | Octas | Lake Highland Prep YA | Andrew Shaw, Conal Thomas-McGinnis, William Freedman |
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| Tournament | Round | Report |
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| 48th Annual Harvard National Forensics Tournament | 2 | Opponent: Palm Beach Independent MP | Judge: Tahj Johnson AC - Debris |
| 48th Annual Harvard National Forensics Tournament | 4 | Opponent: Randolph CC | Judge: Kyle Kopf AC - Debris |
| 48th Annual Harvard National Forensics Tournament | 6 | Opponent: Chattahoochee EK | Judge: Sreyaash Das AC - Debris |
| 48th Annual Harvard National Forensics Tournament | Triples | Opponent: Newport JQ | Judge: Amit Kukreja, Vandan Patel, James Stuckert AC - Debris |
| 48th Annual Harvard National Forensics Tournament | Doubles | Opponent: San Mateo YR | Judge: James Stuckert, Michael Kurian, Tanya Moss-Barry AC - Debris |
| Apple Valley MinneApple Debate Tournament | 2 | Opponent: Harrison MB | Judge: Zach Thornhill AC - UK |
| Apple Valley MinneApple Debate Tournament | 3 | Opponent: Peninsula SM | Judge: Wyatt Hatfield AC - Norway Pragmatism |
| Apple Valley MinneApple Debate Tournament | 5 | Opponent: Peninsula BD | Judge: Joseph Georges AC - Norway with Pragmatism v2 |
| Apple Valley MinneApple Debate Tournament | Octas | Opponent: Strath Haven AM | Judge: Lawrence Zhou, Samantha McLoughlin, Joshua StPeter AC - Norway Pragmatism |
| Barkley Forum For High Schools | 1 | Opponent: Sequoia AS | Judge: Sreyaash Das AC - Pragmatism |
| Barkley Forum For High Schools | 4 | Opponent: Strake Jesuit JY | Judge: Dylan Jones AC - Debris |
| Barkley Forum For High Schools | 6 | Opponent: Millburn AX | Judge: David Herrera AC - Debris |
| Florida Blue Key Speech and Debate Tournament | 5 | Opponent: Strake Jesuit VM | Judge: Sneh Chachra AC - UK (see os for changes) |
| Florida Blue Key Speech and Debate Tournament | Octas | Opponent: American Heritage Broward MC | Judge: Sreyaash Das, David Herrera, Amadea Datel AC - UK v3 |
| Florida Blue Key Speech and Debate Tournament | 2 | Opponent: Academy Of Classical Christian Studies JM | Judge: James Stuckert AC - UK |
| Florida Blue Key Speech and Debate Tournament | 4 | Opponent: Strath Haven AM | Judge: Sabrina Callahan AC - UK v2 |
| Greenhill Fall Classic | 2 | Opponent: Coppell RM | Judge: Saianurag Karavadi AC - Trade Secrets Open source |
| Greenhill Fall Classic | 4 | Opponent: Strake Jesuit DL | Judge: William Freedman AC - Trade Secrets v2 |
| Greenhill Fall Classic | 6 | Opponent: Marlborough WR | Judge: Jack Quisenberry AC - Function Trade Secrets |
| Mid America Cup | 1 | Opponent: Harrison AA | Judge: Benjamin Morbeck 1AC - Trade Secrets v3 |
| Mid America Cup | 3 | Opponent: Rosemount CD | Judge: Nikita Tanguturi AC - Trade Secrets v2 (small changes in os) |
| Mid America Cup | 5 | Opponent: Lake Highland PS | Judge: Phoenix Pittman AC - Pragmatism Trade Secrets |
| New York City Invitational Debate And Speech Tournament | 1 | Opponent: Mission San Jose SS | Judge: Michael Harris AC - Trade Secrets with Pragmatism |
| New York City Invitational Debate And Speech Tournament | 4 | Opponent: Academy Of Classical Christian Studies JM | Judge: Sesh Joe AC - Prag with Trade Secrets v2 |
| New York City Invitational Debate And Speech Tournament | 6 | Opponent: Unionville AS | Judge: Fabrice Etienne AC - Trade Secrets v4 |
| New York City Invitational Debate And Speech Tournament | Octas | Opponent: Lake Highland Prep YA | Judge: Andrew Shaw, Conal Thomas-McGinnis, William Freedman AC - Trade Secrets with Pragmatism |
To modify or delete round reports, edit the associated round.
Cites
| Entry | Date |
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0 - ContactTournament: Any | Round: 1 | Opponent: Any | Judge: Any You can contact me by: Feel free to message me if you have any questions, requests, or concerns | 10/25/21 |
0 - Disclosure InterpsTournament: Any | Round: 1 | Opponent: Any | Judge: Any Interpretation: The affirmative must disclose the advocacy/plan text and framing text if they break new when pairings are released or at coin flip. If the debate occurs during flight 2 disclosure should occur at least 30 minutes before the round. Interp: At bid distributing tournaments, debaters must disclose round reports on the 2021-22 NDCA LD wiki for every round they have debated this season. Round reports disclose which positions (AC, NC, K, T, Theory, etc.) were read/gone for in every speech. Interpretation: At bid distributing tournaments, debaters must disclose all constructive positions on open source with highlighting on the 2021-22 NDCA LD wiki after the round in which they read them. The disclosure must occur within 30 minutes after the round. If there is something you don’t want to disclose for personal reasons there should be a note and it may be omitted. Interp: Debaters must disclose tournaments on the 2021-22 NDCA LD wiki under the actual name of the tournament on tabroom for every round at said tournament. To clarify- when you look up the tournament name from the wiki on tab, the entry must pop up Interpretation: debaters must disclose disclosure interps Interpretation: If a debater reads a word PIK they must disclose it on the 2021-22 NDCA LD Wiki before the round it is read in. Interpretation: Debaters must put their opponent’s name or initials and school code as displayed on tabroom when disclosing a round on the 2021-22 NDCA ld wiki. Interpretation: Debaters must put their Judge’s full name as displayed on tabroom when disclosing a round on the 2021-22 NDCA ld wiki. | 10/25/21 |
0 - NavigationTournament: Any | Round: 1 | Opponent: Any | Judge: Any SO - September/October Topic | 10/25/21 |
JF - AC - DebrisTournament: Barkley Forum For High Schools | Round: 4 | Opponent: Strake Jesuit JY | Judge: Dylan Jones 1ACSolvencyPlan: The appropriation of outer space by private entities is unjust.Enforcement through banning constellations in the LEO by claiming they violate Article II of the OST, Johnson 20~Christopher D. Johnson, 2020, "The Legal Status of MegaLEO Constellations and Concerns About Appropriation of Large Swaths of Earth Orbit", Secure World Foundation, https://swfound.org/media/206951/johnson2020_referenceworkentry_thelegalstatusofmegaleoconstel.pdf, date accessed 1-23-2022~ Lex AT Exemptions destroy the coercive power of legal regimes – causes circumvention across the board.Hickman and Dolman 2 – John and Everett, 2002, Associate professor in the Department of Government and International Studies at Berry College in Mt. Berry, ~"Resurrecting the Space Age: A State–Centered Commentary on the Outer Space Regime," Volume 21 Number 1, https://doi.org/10.1080/014959302317350855~~ Elmer Recut Justin Private entities are non-governmental.Dunk 11 – Frans G. von der Dunk, 2011, ~"The Origins of Authorisation: Article VI of the Outer Space Treaty and International Space Law," University of Nebraska~ Justin Outer space is, Betz 21~Eric Betz, 3-5-2021, "The Kármán Line: Where does space begin?", Astronomy, https://astronomy.com/news/2021/03/the-krmn-line-where-does-space-begin, date accessed 1-22-2022~ Lex AT AdvantagePrivatization of space will increase space debris collisions, Muelhaupt 19~Theodore J. Muelhaupt, June 2019, "Space traffic management in the new space era", Journal of Space Safety Engineering, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S246889671930045X?via3Dihub, date accessed 1-23-2022~ Lex AT Climate change leaves dead satellites stuck in space magnifying debris from megaconstellations, O'Callaghan 21~Jonathan O'Callaghan, 5-19-2021, "What if space junk and climate change become the same problem?", WION, https://www.wionews.com/science/what-if-space-junk-and-climate-change-become-the-same-problem-386124, date accessed 1-23-2022~ Lex AT Private debris cleanup will fail due to government uncertainty, Erwin 21~Sandra Erwin, 10-21-2021, "Analysis: Space Force endorsement not enough to incentivize debris removal industry", SpaceNews, https://spacenews.com/analysis-space-force-endorsement-not-enough-to-incentivize-debris-removal-industry/, date accessed 1-23-2022~ Lex AT Kessler Syndrome destroys all satellites and traps us on earth, Ratner 18~Paul Ratner, 8-29-2018, "How the Kessler Syndrome can end all space exploration and destroy modern life", Big Think, https://bigthink.com/surprising-science/how-the-kessler-syndrome-can-end-all-space-exploration-and-destroy-modern-life/, date accessed 1-23-2022~ Lex AT Public satellite data is key to biodiversity, Pennisi 21~Elizabeth Pennisi, 18 NOV 2021, "Satellites offer new ways to study ecosystems—and maybe even save them", No Publication, https://www.science.org/content/article/satellites-offer-new-ways-study-ecosystems-maybe-even-save-them, date accessed 1-23-2022~ Lex AT Biodiversity loss causes extinction, Gallagher 21~Katherine Gallagher, Apr 5, 2021, ""Extinction – The Facts" explores the global extinction crisis", Inhabitat - Green Design, Innovation, Architecture, Green Building | Green design andamp; innovation for a better world, https://inhabitat.com/extinction-the-facts-explores-the-global-extinction-crisis-and-its-consequences/, date accessed 1-19-2022~ Lex AT Debris triggers nuclear miscalculation—uniquely likely in space, Blatt 20~Talia M. Blatt, May 26th, 2020, "Anti-Satellite Weapons and the Emerging Space Arms Race", Harvard International Review, https://hir.harvard.edu/anti-satellite-weapons-and-the-emerging-space-arms-race/, date accessed 1-23-2022~ Lex AT Nuke war leads to extinction and is the most probable impact scenario – scientific consensus agreesTegmark 17 Max Tegmark, 5-26-2017, "Why 3,000 Scientists Think Nuclear Arsenals Make Us Less Safe," Scientific American Blog Network, https://blogs.scientificamerican.com/observations/why-3-000-scientists-think-nuclear-arsenals-make-us-less-safe/, SJBE Max Erik Tegmark is a Swedish-American physicist and cosmologist. He is a professor at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and the scientific director of the Foundational Questions Institute. Nuclear deterrence is true absent miscalc,Miller '16 (Franklin C. Miller – MPA @ Princeton University's Woodrow Wilson School, principal of The Scowcroft Group, served 22 years in senior positions in the Department of Defense and four additional years on the National Security Council staff as a special assistant to the President, member of the Defense Policy Board and the US Strategic Command Senior Advisory Group, five time recipient of the Defense Distinguished Civilian Service Medal, awarded the Norwegian Royal Order of Merit (Grand Officer) and the French Legion of Honor (Officer). Keith B. Payne – PhD with distinction in International Relational @ USC, Professor and Head of the Graduate Department of Defense and Strategic Studies, Missouri State University, former Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense for Forces Policy, Chairman of the U.S. Strategic Command's Senior Advisory Group, Strategy and Policy Panel, editor-in-chief of Comparative Strategy: An International Journal, and co-chair of the U.S. Nuclear Strategy Forum.. "No First-Use Advocacy: Contradictions and Guesswork," 2016, https://www.realcleardefense.com/articles/2016/09/08/no_first-use_advocacy__contradictions_and_guesswork__110034.html) Megaconstellations destroy the ozone, Pultarova 21~Tereza Pultarova, June 07, 2021, "Air pollution from reentering megaconstellation satellites could cause ozone hole 2.0", Space, https://www.space.com/starlink-satellite-reentry-ozone-depletion-atmosphere, date accessed 1-23-2022~ Lex AT Ozone collapse—-extinction,Susan Hunt 19. Biology M.A., "What Will Happen to Life on Earth if Ozone Depletion Continues?", http://www.ozonedepletion.co.uk/what-will-happen-life-earth-if-ozone-depletion-continues.html. Rez FramingThe standard is maximizing expected well being or saving lives.1~ Pleasure and pain are intrinsic value and disvalue – everything else regresses – robust neuroscience.Blum et al. 18 2~ Death is bad and outweighs – it destroys the subject itself – kills any ability to achieve value in ethics since life is a prerequisite.3~ Actor spec—governments must use util because they don't have intentions and are constantly dealing with tradeoffs—outweighs since different agents have different obligations—takes out calc indicts since they are empirically denied.4~ Extinction outweighs –1 – Paternalism – taking everyones lives without their consent is actively violent and takes away people's autonomy.2 – Suffering – mass death causes suffering because people can't get access to resources and basic necessities3 – Objectivity – body count is the most objective way to calculate impacts because comparing suffering is unethical4 – Moral uncertainty – if we're unsure about which interpretation of the world is true – we ought to preserve the world to keep debating about itUnderview1~ Aff gets 1AR theory to prevent infinite abuse it's DTD since the 1AR needs it to make the time investment worth, no RVIs because you can dump on a 30 sec shell for 6 minutes, and competing interps since the 2n can't dump on a reasonability bright-line that excludes only what they did wrong – 1AR theory comes first the 1AR is too short to be able to rectify abuse and adequately cover substance.2~ Procedural fairness first a) probability – one round cant alter subjectivity, but it can rectify fairness skews, b) link turns their role of the ballot since it proves we couldn't engage in it and it is exclusionary, c) answers are self-defeating since they presuppose the judge evals them fairly. | 1/29/22 |
JF - AC - PragmatismTournament: Barkley Forum For High Schools | Round: 1 | Opponent: Sequoia AS | Judge: Sreyaash Das 1ACMetaethicThe metaethic is pluralism or the idea that differing views of ethics are valid,1~ Empirics- Best studies prove pluralistic tendencies are inevitablePolzler and Wright 19~Thomas Pölzler and Jennifer Cole Wright- "Empirical research on folk moral objectivism" https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6686698/ NCBI. Published July 5th 2019~ Emperics O/W they are the only verifiable metric and take into account all conditions.2~ Resolvability – Thousands of years of unresolved debates over ethics are on our side. It's unlikely a 45 minute debate can come to a useful truth.FramingMeaning only has value in a frame of reference when it is practical to the individual, | 1/28/22 |
ND - AC - Norway with PragmatismTournament: Apple Valley MinneApple Debate Tournament | Round: 3 | Opponent: Peninsula SM | Judge: Wyatt Hatfield | 11/6/21 |
ND - AC - Norway with Pragmatism v2Tournament: Apple Valley MinneApple Debate Tournament | Round: 5 | Opponent: Peninsula BD | Judge: Joseph Georges | 11/6/21 |
ND - AC - Norway with Pragmatism v3Tournament: Apple Valley MinneApple Debate Tournament | Round: Octas | Opponent: Strath Haven AM | Judge: Lawrence Zhou, Samantha McLoughlin, Joshua StPeter | 11/7/21 |
ND - AC - United KingdomTournament: Florida Blue Key Speech and Debate Tournament | Round: 2 | Opponent: Academy Of Classical Christian Studies JM | Judge: James Stuckert 1AC (Policy)Advantage 1: NukesStrikes are key to safety of nuclear weapons facilities, Williams 10-18~Martin Williams, 10-18-2021, "Clyde nuclear base emergency staff to strike from tomorrow over safety fears", https://www.heraldscotland.com/news/homenews/19655524.clyde-nuclear-base-emergency-staff-strike-tomorrow-safety-fears/, date accessed 10-24-2021~ Lex AT Fires are a huge threat to nuclear explosions—UK is on the brink, Ritchie 14~Dr Nick Ritchie, 2014, "Nuclear risk: the British case", University of York, https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/78773/1/Nuclear_risk_paper.pdf, date accessed 10-24-2021~ Lex AT One explosion escalates,Roth and Burn 17, 9-28-2017, Matthew Bunn is a professor of practice at the Harvard Kennedy School. A former advisor in the White House Office of Science and Technology Policy, Nickolas Roth is a research associate at the Belfer Center's Project on Managing the Atom at Harvard University."The effects of a single terrorist nuclear bomb," Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, https://thebulletin.org/2017/09/the-effects-of-a-single-terrorist-nuclear-bomb/, 3/29/20)ww BJ Nuke war causes extinctionPND 16. internally citing Zbigniew Brzezinski, Council of Foreign Relations and former national security adviser to President Carter, Toon and Robock's 2012 study on nuclear winter in the Bulletin of Atomic Scientists, Gareth Evans' International Commission on Nuclear Non-proliferation and Disarmament Report, Congressional EMP studies, studies on nuclear winter by Seth Baum of the Global Catastrophic Risk Institute and Martin Hellman of Stanford University, and U.S. and Russian former Defense Secretaries and former heads of nuclear missile forces, brief submitted to the United Nations General Assembly, Open-Ended Working Group on nuclear risks. A/AC.286/NGO/13. 05-03-2016. http://www.reachingcriticalwill.org/images/documents/Disarmament-fora/OEWG/2016/Documents/NGO13.pdf Re-cut by Elmer Advantage 2: TeachersEducation is on the decline—STEM is hit hardest, Signal 20~The Signal, 8-20-2020, "A Closer Look at the Current UK Teacher Shortage", Santa Clarita Valley Signal, https://signalscv.com/2020/08/a-closer-look-at-the-current-uk-teacher-shortage/, date accessed 10-24-2021~ Lex AT Recognition from strikes is key to teacher satisfaction, Weale 21~Sally Weale, 4-8-2021, "One in three teachers plan to quit, says National Education Union survey", Guardian, https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2021/apr/08/one-in-three-uk-teachers-plan-to-quit-says-national-education-union-survey, date accessed 10-24-2021~ Lex AT Higher wages leads to economic recovery, Roberts and Olinsky 21~Lily Roberts and Ben Olinsky, 1-27-2021, "Raising the Minimum Wage Would Boost an Economic Recovery—and Reduce Taxpayer Subsidization of Low-Wage Work", Center for American Progress, https://www.americanprogress.org/issues/economy/news/2021/01/27/495163/raising-minimum-wage-boost-economic-recovery-reduce-taxpayer-subsidization-low-wage-work/, date accessed 10-26-2021~ Lex AT Strong STEM education solves climate change, SITU 10-4~StudyUSA, 10-4-2021, "Why Is STEM Important? The Impact of STEM Education on Society", Study in the USA, https://www.studyusa.com/en/a/2157/why-is-stem-important-the-impact-of-stem-education-on-society, date accessed 10-25-2021~ Lex AT Climate change destroys the world.Specktor 19 ~Brandon; writes about the science of everyday life for Live Science, and previously for Reader's Digest magazine, where he served as an editor for five years; "Human Civilization Will Crumble by 2050 If We Don't Stop Climate Change Now, New Paper Claims," livescience, 6/4/19; https://www.livescience.com/65633-climate-change-dooms-humans-by-2050.html~~ Justin SolvencyPlan - The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland ought to recognize an unconditional right of workers to strike.I'll defend enforcement through modelling the NLRA, Bondi 95Victor Bondi , 1995, "American Decades: 1940-1949," No Publication, https://www.cengage.com/search/productOverview.do?N=197+4294921854+4294916915+4294904579andamp;Ntk=P_EPIandamp;Ntt=15051676421114137871909840985170930831andamp;Ntx=mode2Bmatchallpartial
The Unconditional Right to Strike is defined in the NLRA as,National Labor Relations Board, ~The National Labor Relations Board (NLRB) is comprised of a team of professionals who work to assure fair labor practices and workplace democracy nationwide. Since its creation by Congress in 1935, this small, highly respected, independent Federal agency has had daily impact on the way America's companies, industries and unions conduct business. Agency staff members investigate and remedy unfair labor practices by unions and employers.~, xx-xx-xxxx, "NLRA and the Right to Strike," No Publication, https://www.nlrb.gov/about-nlrb/rights-we-protect/your-rights/nlra-and-the-right-to-strike Covid makes organized strikes impossible—status quo efforts are doomed to fail, Gall 20~Gregor Gall, 4-16-2020, "Right Now in the UK, Strikes Are Effectively Illegal", Tribune Magazine, https://tribunemag.co.uk/2020/04/right-now-in-the-uk-strikes-are-effectively-illegal, date accessed 10-24-2021~ Lex AT FrameworkThe standard is maximizing expected well being or saving lives.1~ Death is bad and outweighs – it destroys the subject itself – kills any ability to achieve value in ethics since life is a prerequisite.2~ Extinction outweighs –1 – Paternalism – taking everyones lives without their consent is actively violent and takes away people's autonomy.2 – Suffering – mass death causes suffering because people can't get access to resources and basic necessities3 – Moral uncertainty – if we're unsure about which interpretation of the world is true – we ought to preserve the world to keep debating about it3~ Pleasure and pain motivate all action – everything else regresses – robust neuroscience.Blum et al. 18 4~ Util forces you to justify why actions are good and bad – intuitions fail in the real world.Hare 79, R.M. What Is Wrong with Slavery. Philosophy and Public Affairs, 1979, links,jstor.org/sici?sici=0048-3915281979242983A23C1033AWIWWS3E2.0.CO3B2-6. TG 5~ Governments must aggregate and analyze consequnecesMack 4 ~(Peter, MBBS, FRCS(Ed), FRCS (Glasg), PhD, MBA, MHlthEcon) "Utilitarian Ethics in Healthcare." International Journal of the Computer, the Internet, and Management Vol. 12, No.3. 2004. Department of Surgery. Singapore General Hospital.~ SJDI Underview1~ Total negativity is disempowering and devolves into the power relations they criticize – instead, you should embrace a middle ground that accepts ongoing processes of changeBailey 19 – Associate Professor of Communication Arts at Allegheny College. She specializes in rhetorical studies, media studies, and feminist/queer theory. 2~ Aff gets 1AR theory to prevent infinite abuse it's DTD since the 1AR needs it to make the time investment worth, no RVIs because you can dump on a 30 sec shell for 6 minutes, and competing interps since the 2n can't dump on a reasonability bright-line that excludes only what they did wrong – 1AR theory comes first the 1AR is too short to be able to rectify abuse and adequately cover substance.3~ Procedural fairness first a) probability – one round cant alter subjectivity, but it can rectify fairness skews, b) link turns their role of the ballot since it proves we couldn't engage in it and it is exclusionary, c) answers are self-defeating since they presuppose the judge evals them fairly.4~ "A" implies singular,https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/a 5~ A implies specific when put before a modifier like "Just"CCC ("Articles, Determiners, and Quantifiers", http://grammar.ccc.commnet.edu/grammar/determiners/determiners.htm~~#articles, Capital Community College Foundation, a nonprofit 501 c-3 organization that supports scholarships, faculty development, and curriculum innovation) LHSLA JC/SJ 6~ The UK is a just government, several democracy indexes agree, DA 18~Democratic Audit, 10-31-2018, "In comparative league tables of liberal democracies the UK's democracy is judged to be First Division, but not Premier League", https://www.democraticaudit.com/2018/10/31/in-comparative-league-tables-of-liberal-democracies-the-uks-democracy-is-judged-to-be-first-division-but-not-premier-league/, date accessed 10-26-2021~ Lex AT 7~ Here are some counter solvency advocates links are in the dochttps://apnews.com/article/coronavirus-pandemic-economy-4f0b6285a57c8b2929e2aceb864e7675 8~ Imagining extinction is goodJessica Hurley 17, Assistant Professor in the Humanities at the University of Chicago, "Impossible Futures: Fictions of Risk in the Longue Durée", Duke University Press, https://read.dukeupress.edu/american-literature/article/89/4/761/132823/Impossible-Futures-Fictions-of-Risk-in-the-Longue | 11/5/21 |
ND - AC - United Kingdom v2Tournament: Florida Blue Key Speech and Debate Tournament | Round: 4 | Opponent: Strath Haven AM | Judge: Sabrina Callahan | 11/5/21 |
ND - AC - United Kingdom v3Tournament: Florida Blue Key Speech and Debate Tournament | Round: Octas | Opponent: American Heritage Broward MC | Judge: Sreyaash Das, David Herrera, Amadea Datel 1ACOverview1~ FW ks are a voting issue, function as independent NIBs since I'm forced to win the framing, beat back the k, and extend offense to even have a chance at the ballot. Key to fairness since both debaters need equal routes to the ballot in order to engage in the round. Hold us to the application of our ethical theory, we use FW to determine whether the res is good/badAdvantage 1: NukesStrikes are key to safety of nuclear weapons facilities, Williams 10-18~Martin Williams, 10-18-2021, "Clyde nuclear base emergency staff to strike from tomorrow over safety fears", https://www.heraldscotland.com/news/homenews/19655524.clyde-nuclear-base-emergency-staff-strike-tomorrow-safety-fears/, date accessed 10-24-2021~ Lex AT Fires are a huge threat to nuclear explosions—UK is on the brink, Ritchie 14~Dr Nick Ritchie, 2014, "Nuclear risk: the British case", University of York, https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/78773/1/Nuclear_risk_paper.pdf, date accessed 10-24-2021~ Lex AT One explosion escalates,Roth and Burn 17, 9-28-2017, Matthew Bunn is a professor of practice at the Harvard Kennedy School. A former advisor in the White House Office of Science and Technology Policy, Nickolas Roth is a research associate at the Belfer Center's Project on Managing the Atom at Harvard University."The effects of a single terrorist nuclear bomb," Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, https://thebulletin.org/2017/09/the-effects-of-a-single-terrorist-nuclear-bomb/, 3/29/20)ww BJ Nuke war causes extinctionPND 16. internally citing Zbigniew Brzezinski, Council of Foreign Relations and former national security adviser to President Carter, Toon and Robock's 2012 study on nuclear winter in the Bulletin of Atomic Scientists, Gareth Evans' International Commission on Nuclear Non-proliferation and Disarmament Report, Congressional EMP studies, studies on nuclear winter by Seth Baum of the Global Catastrophic Risk Institute and Martin Hellman of Stanford University, and U.S. and Russian former Defense Secretaries and former heads of nuclear missile forces, brief submitted to the United Nations General Assembly, Open-Ended Working Group on nuclear risks. A/AC.286/NGO/13. 05-03-2016. http://www.reachingcriticalwill.org/images/documents/Disarmament-fora/OEWG/2016/Documents/NGO13.pdf Re-cut by Elmer Advantage 2: TeachersEducation is on the decline—STEM is hit hardest, Signal 20~The Signal, 8-20-2020, "A Closer Look at the Current UK Teacher Shortage", Santa Clarita Valley Signal, https://signalscv.com/2020/08/a-closer-look-at-the-current-uk-teacher-shortage/, date accessed 10-24-2021~ Lex AT Recognition from strikes is key to teacher satisfaction, Weale 21~Sally Weale, 4-8-2021, "One in three teachers plan to quit, says National Education Union survey", Guardian, https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2021/apr/08/one-in-three-uk-teachers-plan-to-quit-says-national-education-union-survey, date accessed 10-24-2021~ Lex AT Higher wages leads to economic recovery, Roberts and Olinsky 21~Lily Roberts and Ben Olinsky, 1-27-2021, "Raising the Minimum Wage Would Boost an Economic Recovery—and Reduce Taxpayer Subsidization of Low-Wage Work", Center for American Progress, https://www.americanprogress.org/issues/economy/news/2021/01/27/495163/raising-minimum-wage-boost-economic-recovery-reduce-taxpayer-subsidization-low-wage-work/, date accessed 10-26-2021~ Lex AT Strong STEM education solves climate change, SITU 10-4~StudyUSA, 10-4-2021, "Why Is STEM Important? The Impact of STEM Education on Society", Study in the USA, https://www.studyusa.com/en/a/2157/why-is-stem-important-the-impact-of-stem-education-on-society, date accessed 10-25-2021~ Lex AT Climate change destroys the world.Specktor 19 ~Brandon; writes about the science of everyday life for Live Science, and previously for Reader's Digest magazine, where he served as an editor for five years; "Human Civilization Will Crumble by 2050 If We Don't Stop Climate Change Now, New Paper Claims," livescience, 6/4/19; https://www.livescience.com/65633-climate-change-dooms-humans-by-2050.html~~ Justin SolvencyPlan - The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland ought to recognize an unconditional right of workers to strike.I'll defend enforcement through modelling the NLRA, Bondi 95Victor Bondi , 1995, "American Decades: 1940-1949," No Publication, https://www.cengage.com/search/productOverview.do?N=197+4294921854+4294916915+4294904579andamp;Ntk=P_EPIandamp;Ntt=15051676421114137871909840985170930831andamp;Ntx=mode2Bmatchallpartial
The Unconditional Right to Strike is defined in the NLRA as,National Labor Relations Board, ~The National Labor Relations Board (NLRB) is comprised of a team of professionals who work to assure fair labor practices and workplace democracy nationwide. Since its creation by Congress in 1935, this small, highly respected, independent Federal agency has had daily impact on the way America's companies, industries and unions conduct business. Agency staff members investigate and remedy unfair labor practices by unions and employers.~, xx-xx-xxxx, "NLRA and the Right to Strike," No Publication, https://www.nlrb.gov/about-nlrb/rights-we-protect/your-rights/nlra-and-the-right-to-strike Covid makes organized strikes impossible—status quo efforts are doomed to fail, Gall 20~Gregor Gall, 4-16-2020, "Right Now in the UK, Strikes Are Effectively Illegal", Tribune Magazine, https://tribunemag.co.uk/2020/04/right-now-in-the-uk-strikes-are-effectively-illegal, date accessed 10-24-2021~ Lex AT FrameworkThe standard is maximizing expected well being or act hedonistic utilitarianism.1~ Death is bad and outweighs – it destroys the subject itself – kills any ability to achieve value in ethics since life is a prerequisite.2~ Extinction outweighs –1 – Paternalism – taking everyones lives without their consent is actively violent and takes away people's autonomy.2 – Suffering – mass death causes suffering because people can't get access to resources and basic necessities3 – Moral uncertainty – if we're unsure about which interpretation of the world is true – we ought to preserve the world to keep debating about it3~ Pleasure and pain motivate all action – everything else regresses – robust neuroscience.Blum et al. 18 4~ Util forces you to justify why actions are good and bad – intuitions fail in the real world.Hare 79, R.M. What Is Wrong with Slavery. Philosophy and Public Affairs, 1979, links,jstor.org/sici?sici=0048-3915281979242983A23C1033AWIWWS3E2.0.CO3B2-6. TG 5~ Governments must aggregate and analyze consequnecesMack 4 ~(Peter, MBBS, FRCS(Ed), FRCS (Glasg), PhD, MBA, MHlthEcon) "Utilitarian Ethics in Healthcare." International Journal of the Computer, the Internet, and Management Vol. 12, No.3. 2004. Department of Surgery. Singapore General Hospital.~ SJDI Underview1~ Aff gets 1AR theory to prevent infinite abuse it's DTD since the 1AR needs it to make the time investment worth, no RVIs because you can dump on a 30 sec shell for 6 minutes, and competing interps since the 2n can't dump on a reasonability bright-line that excludes only what they did wrong – 1AR theory comes first the 1AR is too short to be able to rectify abuse and adequately cover substance.2~ Procedural fairness first a) probability – one round cant alter subjectivity, but it can rectify fairness skews, b) link turns their role of the ballot since it proves we couldn't engage in it and it is exclusionary, c) answers are self-defeating since they presuppose the judge evals them fairly.3~ "A" implies singular,https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/a 4~ A implies specific when put before a modifier like "Just"CCC ("Articles, Determiners, and Quantifiers", http://grammar.ccc.commnet.edu/grammar/determiners/determiners.htm~~#articles, Capital Community College Foundation, a nonprofit 501 c-3 organization that supports scholarships, faculty development, and curriculum innovation) LHSLA JC/SJ 5~ The UK is a just government, several democracy indexes agree, DA 18~Democratic Audit, 10-31-2018, "In comparative league tables of liberal democracies the UK's democracy is judged to be First Division, but not Premier League", https://www.democraticaudit.com/2018/10/31/in-comparative-league-tables-of-liberal-democracies-the-uks-democracy-is-judged-to-be-first-division-but-not-premier-league/, date accessed 10-26-2021~ Lex AT 6~ Here are some counter solvency advocates links are in the dochttps://apnews.com/article/coronavirus-pandemic-economy-4f0b6285a57c8b2929e2aceb864e7675 7~ Imagining extinction is goodJessica Hurley 17, Assistant Professor in the Humanities at the University of Chicago, "Impossible Futures: Fictions of Risk in the Longue Durée", Duke University Press, https://read.dukeupress.edu/american-literature/article/89/4/761/132823/Impossible-Futures-Fictions-of-Risk-in-the-Longue 8~ DefinitionsThe US legal dictionary defines Just as,Us Legal, Inc., xx-xx-xxxx, "Just Law and Legal Definition," No Publication, https://definitions.uslegal.com/j/just/ Government means,https://www.google.com/search?q=government+definitionandoq=government+definitionandaqs=chrome.0.69i59j0i20i263j0l5j69i60.1907j0j4andsourceid=chromeandie=UTF-8 Merriam webster defines ought as,https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/ought To means,https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/to Recognize means,https://www.google.com/search?q=recognize+definitionandoq=recognize+definitionandaqs=chrome..69i57j0l2j0i22i30l7.2232j1j9andsourceid=chromeandie=UTF-8 An is an indefinite article,https://www.google.com/search?q=an+definitionandnewwindow=1andsafe=activeandsxsrf=ALeKk03pOnkC1wCAC1LmYnG0_P1-b7NlVA3A1624472152793andei=WHrTYO3yL_Cj5NoP5_KbsA0andoq=an+definitionandgs_lcp=Cgdnd3Mtd2l6EAMyBQgAEJECMgIIADICCAAyAggAMgQIABAKMgQIABAKMgQIABAKMgQIABAKMgQIABAKMgQIABAKOgQIIxAnOgQIABBDOggIABCxAxCDAToFCAAQsQM6BwgAELEDEEM6CAguEMcBEK8BOgUILhCxAzoCCC46BwgAEIcCEBQ6BQgAEIYDSgQIQRgAUMbIIFir0CBguNEgaABwAngAgAF4iAGqCJIBBDEzLjGYAQCgAQGqAQdnd3Mtd2l6wAEBandsclient=gws-wizandved=0ahUKEwjt_vSsrq7xAhXwEVkFHWf5BtYQ4dUDCA4anduact=5 Right means,a moral or legal entitlement to have or obtain something or to act in a certain way. Of means,https://www.google.com/search?q=of+definitionandoq=of+definitionandaqs=chrome..69i57j0i20i263j0l3j69i61j69i60j69i61.1403j1j9andsourceid=chromeandie=UTF-8 Work means,https://www.google.com/search?q=workers+definitionandoq=workers+definitionandaqs=chrome..69i57j0l2j0i22i30l7.1800j1j9andsourceid=chromeandie=UTF-8 Strike means,https://www.google.com/search?q=strike+definitionandoq=strike+definitionandaqs=chrome.0.69i59j0l9.1559j0j9andsourceid=chromeandie=UTF-8 | 10/31/21 |
ND - AC - United Kingdom v4Tournament: Apple Valley MinneApple Debate Tournament | Round: 2 | Opponent: Harrison MB | Judge: Zach Thornhill 1ACAdvantage 1: NukesStrikes are key to safety of nuclear weapons facilities, Williams 10-18~Martin Williams, 10-18-2021, "Clyde nuclear base emergency staff to strike from tomorrow over safety fears", https://www.heraldscotland.com/news/homenews/19655524.clyde-nuclear-base-emergency-staff-strike-tomorrow-safety-fears/, date accessed 10-24-2021~ Lex AT Fires are a huge threat to nuclear explosions—UK is on the brink, Ritchie 14~Dr Nick Ritchie, 2014, "Nuclear risk: the British case", University of York, https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/78773/1/Nuclear_risk_paper.pdf, date accessed 10-24-2021~ Lex AT One explosion escalates,Roth and Burn 17, 9-28-2017, Matthew Bunn is a professor of practice at the Harvard Kennedy School. A former advisor in the White House Office of Science and Technology Policy, Nickolas Roth is a research associate at the Belfer Center's Project on Managing the Atom at Harvard University."The effects of a single terrorist nuclear bomb," Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, https://thebulletin.org/2017/09/the-effects-of-a-single-terrorist-nuclear-bomb/, 3/29/20)ww BJ Nuke war causes extinctionPND 16. internally citing Zbigniew Brzezinski, Council of Foreign Relations and former national security adviser to President Carter, Toon and Robock's 2012 study on nuclear winter in the Bulletin of Atomic Scientists, Gareth Evans' International Commission on Nuclear Non-proliferation and Disarmament Report, Congressional EMP studies, studies on nuclear winter by Seth Baum of the Global Catastrophic Risk Institute and Martin Hellman of Stanford University, and U.S. and Russian former Defense Secretaries and former heads of nuclear missile forces, brief submitted to the United Nations General Assembly, Open-Ended Working Group on nuclear risks. A/AC.286/NGO/13. 05-03-2016. http://www.reachingcriticalwill.org/images/documents/Disarmament-fora/OEWG/2016/Documents/NGO13.pdf Re-cut by Elmer Advantage 2: TeachersEducation is on the decline—STEM is hit hardest, Signal 20~The Signal, 8-20-2020, "A Closer Look at the Current UK Teacher Shortage", Santa Clarita Valley Signal, https://signalscv.com/2020/08/a-closer-look-at-the-current-uk-teacher-shortage/, date accessed 10-24-2021~ Lex AT Recognition from strikes is key to teacher satisfaction, Weale 21~Sally Weale, 4-8-2021, "One in three teachers plan to quit, says National Education Union survey", Guardian, https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2021/apr/08/one-in-three-uk-teachers-plan-to-quit-says-national-education-union-survey, date accessed 10-24-2021~ Lex AT Strong STEM education solves climate change, SITU 10-4~StudyUSA, 10-4-2021, "Why Is STEM Important? The Impact of STEM Education on Society", Study in the USA, https://www.studyusa.com/en/a/2157/why-is-stem-important-the-impact-of-stem-education-on-society, date accessed 10-25-2021~ Lex AT Climate change destroys the world.Specktor 19 ~Brandon; writes about the science of everyday life for Live Science, and previously for Reader's Digest magazine, where he served as an editor for five years; "Human Civilization Will Crumble by 2050 If We Don't Stop Climate Change Now, New Paper Claims," livescience, 6/4/19; https://www.livescience.com/65633-climate-change-dooms-humans-by-2050.html~~ Justin SolvencyPlan - The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland ought to recognize an unconditional right of workers to strike.I'll defend enforcement through modelling the NLRA, Bondi 95Victor Bondi , 1995, "American Decades: 1940-1949," No Publication, https://www.cengage.com/search/productOverview.do?N=197+4294921854+4294916915+4294904579andamp;Ntk=P_EPIandamp;Ntt=15051676421114137871909840985170930831andamp;Ntx=mode2Bmatchallpartial
The Unconditional Right to Strike is defined in the NLRA as,National Labor Relations Board, ~The National Labor Relations Board (NLRB) is comprised of a team of professionals who work to assure fair labor practices and workplace democracy nationwide. Since its creation by Congress in 1935, this small, highly respected, independent Federal agency has had daily impact on the way America's companies, industries and unions conduct business. Agency staff members investigate and remedy unfair labor practices by unions and employers.~, xx-xx-xxxx, "NLRA and the Right to Strike," No Publication, https://www.nlrb.gov/about-nlrb/rights-we-protect/your-rights/nlra-and-the-right-to-strike Covid makes organized strikes impossible—status quo efforts are doomed to fail, Gall 20~Gregor Gall, 4-16-2020, "Right Now in the UK, Strikes Are Effectively Illegal", Tribune Magazine, https://tribunemag.co.uk/2020/04/right-now-in-the-uk-strikes-are-effectively-illegal, date accessed 10-24-2021~ Lex AT FrameworkThe standard is maximizing expected well being or saving lives.1~ Death is bad and outweighs – it destroys the subject itself – kills any ability to achieve value in ethics since life is a prerequisite.2~ Extinction outweighs –1 – Paternalism – taking everyones lives without their consent is actively violent and takes away people's autonomy.2 – Suffering – mass death causes suffering because people can't get access to resources and basic necessities3 – Moral uncertainty – if we're unsure about which interpretation of the world is true – we ought to preserve the world to keep debating about it3~ Util forces you to justify why actions are good and bad – intuitions fail in the real world.Hare 79, R.M. What Is Wrong with Slavery. Philosophy and Public Affairs, 1979, links,jstor.org/sici?sici=0048-3915281979242983A23C1033AWIWWS3E2.0.CO3B2-6. TG Underview1~ Aff gets 1AR theory to prevent infinite abuse it's DTD since the 1AR needs it to make the time investment worth, no RVIs because you can dump on a 30 sec shell for 6 minutes, and competing interps since the 2n can't dump on a reasonability bright-line that excludes only what they did wrong – 1AR theory comes first the 1AR is too short to be able to rectify abuse and adequately cover substance.2~ Procedural fairness first a) probability – one round cant alter subjectivity, but it can rectify fairness skews, b) link turns their role of the ballot since it proves we couldn't engage in it and it is exclusionary, c) answers are self-defeating since they presuppose the judge evals them fairly.MethodStrikes expand disabled peoples rights, Bagenstos 17(Samuel R. Bagenstos, 6-1-2017, "Disability Rights and Labor: Is This Conflict Really Necessary?," University of Michigan Law School Scholarship Repository, https://repository.law.umich.edu/articles/1852/ )) Racial Capitalism thesis is incorrect – connection between Race and Cap is circumstantial not necessaryWalzer 20 Michael Walzer 7-29-2020 "A Note on Racial Capitalism" https://www.dissentmagazine.org/online_articles/a-note-on-racial-capitalism (a prominent American political theorist and public intellectual. A professor emeritus at the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton, New Jersey)Elmer Must weigh the consequences of plan versus the alt – its key to contesting ableism – their FW cant negotiate between the multitude of opportunity costsLinda Barclay 11, Professor in the Philosophy Department at Monash University, 9/19/2011, Justice and Disability: What Kind of Theorizing Is Needed?, Journal of Social Philosophy Vol 42(3), http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1467-9833.2011.01533.x/full Imagining extinction is goodJessica Hurley 17, Assistant Professor in the Humanities at the University of Chicago, "Impossible Futures: Fictions of Risk in the Longue Durée", Duke University Press, https://read.dukeupress.edu/american-literature/article/89/4/761/132823/Impossible-Futures-Fictions-of-Risk-in-the-Longue Capitalism is self-correcting and sustainable.Kaletsky '11 (Anatole, editor-at-large of The Times of London, where he writes weekly columns on economics, politics, and international relationsand on the governing board of the New York-based Institute for New Economic Theory (INET), a nonprofit created after the 2007-2009 crisis to promote and finance academic research in economics, Capitalism 4.0: The Birth of a New Economy in the Aftermath of Crisis, p. 19-21) Transition wars cause extinctionHarris 03. Lee, Analyst – Hoover Institution and Author of The Suicide of Reason, "The Intellectual Origins of America-Bashing", Policy Review, January, http://www.hoover.org/publications/policyreview/3458371.html Cap is inevitable – the alt failsWilson 2k (Wilson, 2000 Editor and Publisher of Illinois Academe of many books including 'The Myth of Political Correctness' – 2000 (John K. Wilson, "How the Left can Win Arguments and Influence People" p. 123)Lex AKu Cap key to the environment – assumes any possible neg warrant.Bilgili, Koçak, and Bulut 16—Faik Bilgili PhD in Economics from The City University of New York and Istanbul University; professor of Economics at Erciyes University, Turkey Emrah Koçak research at Evran University Ümit Bulut PhD in Economics from Gazi University and Professor of Economics at Ahi Evran University ~"The dynamic impact of renewable energy consumption on CO2 emissions: A revisited Environmental Kuznets Curve approach," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Vol. 54, Feb. 2016, p. 838-839~ | 11/5/21 |
SO - AC - Trade Secrets v1Tournament: Greenhill Fall Classic | Round: 2 | Opponent: Coppell RM | Judge: Saianurag Karavadi 1ACTheoryInterpretation: Debaters must disclose all constructive positions on open source with highlighting on the 2021-22 NDCA LD wiki within 30 minutes after the round in which they read them. If there is something you don't want to disclose for personal reasons there should be a note and it may be omitted.Violation – ss in doc 1~ level playing field —you'll say people will steal cards, but that's good—it's the only way to truly level the playing field for students such as novices in under-privileged programs who can't bypass paywalled articles.2~ Evidence ethics – open source is the only way to verify pre-round that cards aren't miscut or highlighted or bracketed unethically. That's a voter – maintaining ethical evidence practices is key to being good academics and we should be able to verify you didn't cheat3~ Depth of clash – it allows debaters to have nuanced researched objections to their opponents evidence at a much faster rate, – outweighs cause thinking on your feet is NUQ but the best quality responses come from full access to a case.4~ reciprocity – I disclose so you know all my positions but I go into the round having no idea what the aff isFairness is a voter—debate is a competitive activity that requires objective evaluation.Education is a voter it's the reason schools fund debateAdvantageThe advantage is drug prices,Drug prices are high now, Rajkumar 20S. Vincent Rajkumar, 6-23-2020, "The high cost of prescription drugs: causes and solutions," Blood Cancer Journal, https://www.nature.com/articles/s41408-020-0338-x Lex AT Trade secrets allow middle players to reap profits by hiding information from health plan companies and regulators, Feldman 1Robin Feldman, 6 Oct 2020, "Naked Price and Pharmaceutical Trade Secret Overreach," No Publication, https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3426225 Lex AT Three impacts,1~ That uniquely hurts low- and middle- income countries, Yadav 20~Prashant Yadav, 1-24-2020, "When Fewer Is Better: Pharmaceutical Wholesaling and Distribution in Low- and Middle-Income Countries", Center For Global Development, https://www.cgdev.org/blog/when-fewer-better-pharmaceutical-wholesaling-and-distribution-low-and-middle-income-countries, date accessed 9-16-2021~ Lex AT High drug prices leads to use of substandard drugs which cause antimicrobial resistance, WBG 17World Bank Group, March 2017, "DRUG-RESISTANT INFECTIONS A Threat to Our Economic Future", https://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/en/323311493396993758/pdf/final-report.pdf Lex AT Extinction - generic defense doesn't apply.Srivatsa 17 Kadiyali Srivatsa 1-12-2017 "Superbug Pandemics and How to Prevent Them" https://www.the-american-interest.com/2017/01/12/superbug-pandemics-and-how-to-prevent-them/ (doctor, inventor, and publisher. He worked in acute and intensive pediatric care in British hospitals)Elmer 2~ Court legitimacy is declining which shreds democracy—bipartisan legislation key, Brown 8-25Tristin Brown, 8-25-2021, "The Missing Voices on the Supreme Court Commission," No Publication, https://news.bloomberglaw.com/environment-and-energy/the-missing-voices-on-the-supreme-court-commission Lex AT The plan allows the USFG to fight for price reform, Pierson 8-12Brendan Pierson, 8-12-2021, "PBMs sue U.S. to keep prescription drug prices hidden from public," Reuters, https://www.reuters.com/legal/litigation/pbms-sue-us-keep-prescription-drug-prices-hidden-public-2021-08-12/ Lex AT Price reform is bipartisan, Lawson 21Alex Lawson, June 17, 2021, "Support for Lowering Drug Prices is Bipartisan," Data For Progress, https://www.dataforprogress.org/blog/2021/6/17/support-for-lowering-drug-prices-is-bipartisan-among-voters-democrats-must-listen Lex AT US democracy is key to stopping extinction,Kendall-Taylor 16 - deputy national intelligence officer for Russia and Eurasia at the National Intelligence Council and a nonresident senior associate in the Human Rights Initiative at the Center for Strategic and International Studies in Washington, D.C.. Andrea, 7-15, How Democracy's Decline Would Undermine the International Order, Center for Strategic and International Studies, https://www.csis.org/analysis/how-democracyE28099s-decline-would-undermine-international-order 3~ High Drug Prices pushes people into poverty – our internal is causal.Hoban 10 Rose Hoban 9-13-2010 "High Cost of Medicine Pushes More People into Poverty" https://www.voanews.com/science-health/high-cost-medicine-pushes-more-people-poverty (spent more than six years as the health reporter for North Carolina Public Radio – WUNC, where she covered health care, state health policy, science and research with a focus on public health issues. She left to start North Carolina Health News after watching many of her professional peers leave or be laid off of their jobs, leaving NC with few people to cover this complicated and important topic. ALSO cites Laurens Niens who is a Health Researcher at Erasmus University Rotterdam)Elmer This is a form of pharmaceutical capitalism – exploiting marginalized groups.Lift Mode 17 3-10-2017 "Pharmaceutical Colonialism" https://medium.com/@liftmode/pharmaceutical-colonialism-3-ways-that-western-medicine-takes-from-indigenous-communities-3a9339b4f24f (We at Liftmode.com are a team of professionals from a variety of backgrounds, dedicated to the mission of providing the highest quality and highest purity nutritional health supplements on the market. We look specifically for the latest and most promising research in the fields of cognition enhancement, neuroscience and alternative health supplements, and develop commercial strategies to bring these technologies to the marketplace.)Elmer The Alternative to the Aff isn't no medicine but exploitive medicine – the Plan's orientation is a sequencing strategy to resistance.Ahmed 20 A Kavum Ahmed 6-24-2020 "Decolonizing the vaccine" https://africasacountry.com/2020/06/decolonizing-the-vaccine (A. Kayum Ahmed is Division Director for Access and Accountability at the Open Society Public Health Program in New York and teaches at Columbia University Law School.)Duong+Elmer SolvencyPlan – The member nations of the World Trade Organization ought to reduce intellectual property protections for medicines by implementing thin trade secret protections in the TRIPS agreement.The plan solves price abuse, Feldman 2Robin Feldman, 6 Oct 2020, "Naked Price and Pharmaceutical Trade Secret Overreach," No Publication, https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3426225 Lex AT Regulations exist in the status quo—BUT lack of transparency is the only barrier, Feldman 3Robin Feldman, 6 Oct 2020, "Naked Price and Pharmaceutical Trade Secret Overreach," No Publication, https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3426225 Lex AT FrameworkThe standard is maximizing expected well being or act hedonistic util.Death is bad and outweighs – a) agents can't act if they fear for their bodily security which constrains every ethical theory, b) it destroys the subject itself – kills any ability to achieve value in ethics since life is a prerequisite which means it's a side constraint since we can't reach the end goal of ethics without lifeUnderview1~ Aff gets 1AR theory to prevent infinite abuse it's DTD to deter future abuse because it's the most severe punishment, no RVIs because you can dump on a 30 sec shell for 6 minutes, and competing interps because it creates a race to the top so we set the best norms and reasonability is arbitrary – aff theory comes first the 1AR is too short to be able to rectify abuse and adequately cover substance.2~ Procedural fairness first a) probability – one round cant alter subjectivity, but it can rectify fairness skews, b) link turns their role of the ballot since it proves we couldn't engage in it and it is exclusionary, c) answers are self-defeating since they presuppose the judge evals them fairly.3~ Imagining extinction is goodJessica Hurley 17, Assistant Professor in the Humanities at the University of Chicago, "Impossible Futures: Fictions of Risk in the Longue Durée", Duke University Press, https://read.dukeupress.edu/american-literature/article/89/4/761/132823/Impossible-Futures-Fictions-of-Risk-in-the-Longue ExtraCapitalism is self-correcting and sustainable.Kaletsky '11 (Anatole, editor-at-large of The Times of London, where he writes weekly columns on economics, politics, and international relationsand on the governing board of the New York-based Institute for New Economic Theory (INET), a nonprofit created after the 2007-2009 crisis to promote and finance academic research in economics, Capitalism 4.0: The Birth of a New Economy in the Aftermath of Crisis, p. 19-21) Transition wars cause extinctionHarris 03. Lee, Analyst – Hoover Institution and Author of The Suicide of Reason, "The Intellectual Origins of America-Bashing", Policy Review, January, http://www.hoover.org/publications/policyreview/3458371.html | 9/18/21 |
SO - AC - Trade Secrets v2Tournament: Greenhill Fall Classic | Round: 4 | Opponent: Strake Jesuit DL | Judge: William Freedman 1ACUnderview1~ Aff gets 1AR theory to prevent infinite abuse it's DTD since the 1AR needs it to make the time investment worth, no RVIs because you can dump on a 30 sec shell for 6 minutes, and competing interps since the 2n can't dump on a reasonability bright-line that excludes only what they did wrong – 1AR theory comes first the 1AR is too short to be able to rectify abuse and adequately cover substance.2~ Here are some counter solvency advocates links in the doc,https://e15initiative.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/E15-Innovation-LippoldtSchultz-FINAL.pdf 3~ Alternative advocacies that take an action with an agent different than the plan are voting issues,A~ Recirpocity – aff is bound by the topic but you can spec an infinite number of actors which 1~ are all unpredictable and 2~ kill aff ground by mooting all offense.B~ advocacy skills – in the real world we have to debate desirability with the actors we're given, not assume other random people can solve the harms4~ Permissibility and Presumption Affirm 5~ CPs must be both functionally and textually competitive - avoids cheaty CPs that change 1 word in the resolution while maintaining the benefits of good advocacy writing.6~ Plurals can be affirmed by singular instancesZweig 09 ~(Zweig, Eytan). Number-neutral bare plurals and the multiplicity implicature. Linguistics and Philosophy, 32(4), 353–407. 2009. doi:10.1007/s10988-009-9064-3~ TDI 7~ Specific instances prove generics which also means I meet, Cimpian 10Cimpian et al 10 (PhDs – Andrei, Amanda C. Brandone, Susan A. Gelman, Generic statements require little evidence for acceptance but have powerful implications, Cogn Sci. 2010 Nov 1; 34(8): 1452–1482) FramingOught means,https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/ought The standard is maximizing expected well being or act hedonistic util.Pleasure and pain are intrinsic value and disvalue – everything else regresses – robust neuroscience.Blum et al. 18 Prefer additionally –1~ Death is bad and outweighs – a) agents can't act if they fear for their bodily security which constrains every ethical theory, b) it destroys the subject itself – kills any ability to achieve value in ethics since life is a prerequisite which means it's a side constraint since we can't reach the end goal of ethics without life2~ Actor spec—governments must use util because they don't have intentions and are constantly dealing with tradeoffs—outweighs since different agents have different obligations—takes out calc indicts since they are empirically denied.Extinction first –1~ Korsgaard agrees, Korsgaard 18Christine M. Korsgaard, 6-12-2018, "Species-Being and the Badness of Extinction and Death," Zeitschrift für Ethik und Moralphilosophie, https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s42048-018-0002-3 lex AT 2~ – Moral uncertainty – if we're unsure about which interpretation of the world is true – we ought to preserve the world to keep debating about itAdvantageThe advantage is drug prices,Drug prices are high now, Rajkumar 20S. Vincent Rajkumar, 6-23-2020, "The high cost of prescription drugs: causes and solutions," Blood Cancer Journal, https://www.nature.com/articles/s41408-020-0338-x Lex AT Trade secrets allow middle players to reap profits—That takes out innovation, Feldman 1Robin Feldman, 6 Oct 2020, "Naked Price and Pharmaceutical Trade Secret Overreach," No Publication, https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3426225 Lex AT Three impacts,1~ That uniquely hurts low- and middle- income countries, Yadav 20~Prashant Yadav, 1-24-2020, "When Fewer Is Better: Pharmaceutical Wholesaling and Distribution in Low- and Middle-Income Countries", Center For Global Development, https://www.cgdev.org/blog/when-fewer-better-pharmaceutical-wholesaling-and-distribution-low-and-middle-income-countries, date accessed 9-16-2021~ Lex AT High drug prices leads to use of substandard drugs which cause antimicrobial resistance, WBG 17World Bank Group, March 2017, "DRUG-RESISTANT INFECTIONS A Threat to Our Economic Future", https://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/en/323311493396993758/pdf/final-report.pdf Lex AT IP rights prevent certain people from receiving the fruits of their mental labor.====Lindsey and Teles 17 ~Lindsey, Brink, and Steven Michael Teles. The Captured Economy: How the Powerful Enrich Themselves, Slow down Growth, and Increase Inequality. Oxford University Press, 2017.~Lex AKu==== Extinction - generic defense doesn't apply.Srivatsa 17 Kadiyali Srivatsa 1-12-2017 "Superbug Pandemics and How to Prevent Them" https://www.the-american-interest.com/2017/01/12/superbug-pandemics-and-how-to-prevent-them/ (doctor, inventor, and publisher. He worked in acute and intensive pediatric care in British hospitals)Elmer 2~ Court legitimacy is declining which shreds democracy—bipartisan legislation key, Brown 8-25Tristin Brown, 8-25-2021, "The Missing Voices on the Supreme Court Commission," No Publication, https://news.bloomberglaw.com/environment-and-energy/the-missing-voices-on-the-supreme-court-commission Lex AT The plan allows the USFG to fight for price reform, Pierson 8-12Brendan Pierson, 8-12-2021, "PBMs sue U.S. to keep prescription drug prices hidden from public," Reuters, https://www.reuters.com/legal/litigation/pbms-sue-us-keep-prescription-drug-prices-hidden-public-2021-08-12/ Lex AT Price reform is bipartisan, Lawson 21Alex Lawson, June 17, 2021, "Support for Lowering Drug Prices is Bipartisan," Data For Progress, https://www.dataforprogress.org/blog/2021/6/17/support-for-lowering-drug-prices-is-bipartisan-among-voters-democrats-must-listen Lex AT US democracy is key to stopping extinction,Kendall-Taylor 16 - deputy national intelligence officer for Russia and Eurasia at the National Intelligence Council and a nonresident senior associate in the Human Rights Initiative at the Center for Strategic and International Studies in Washington, D.C.. Andrea, 7-15, How Democracy's Decline Would Undermine the International Order, Center for Strategic and International Studies, https://www.csis.org/analysis/how-democracyE28099s-decline-would-undermine-international-order SolvencyPlan – The member nations of the World Trade Organization ought to reduce intellectual property protections for medicines by implementing thin trade secret protections in the TRIPS agreement.The plan solves price abuse, Feldman 2Robin Feldman, 6 Oct 2020, "Naked Price and Pharmaceutical Trade Secret Overreach," No Publication, https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3426225 Lex AT Regulations exist in the status quo—BUT lack of transparency is the only barrier, Feldman 3Robin Feldman, 6 Oct 2020, "Naked Price and Pharmaceutical Trade Secret Overreach," No Publication, https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3426225 Lex AT Err Aff—lack of transparency makes it impossible to calibrate effective innovation policies, Durkin 21Allison Durkin, June 23, 2021, "Addressing the Risks That Trade Secret Protections Pose for Health and Rights," PubMed Central (PMC), https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8233014/ Lower drug prices don't impact research incentives. Prefer comprehensive studies to pharma propaganda.Dranove et al. 20 ~David Dranove, Walter J. McNerney Professor of Health Industry Management; Faculty Director of PhD Program; Professor of Strategy. September 2, 2020. "Pharma Companies Argue That Lower Drug Prices Would Mean Fewer Breakthrough Drugs. Is That True?" https://insight.kellogg.northwestern.edu/article/pharma-companies-argue-lower-drug-prices-fewer-breakthrough-drugs~~ Dhruv Innovation is low nowFeldman 18 Robin Feldman 18, May your drug price be evergreen, Journal of Law and the Biosciences, Volume 5, Issue 3, December 2018, Pages 590–647, https://doi.org/10.1093/jlb/lsy022 Arthur J. Goldberg Distinguished Professor of Law, Albert Abramson '54 Distinguished Professor of Law Chair, and Director of the Center for Innovation (Study Notes: Presenting the first comprehensive study of evergreening, this article examines the extent to which evergreening behavior—which can be defined as artificially extending the protection cliff—may contribute to the problem. The author analyses all drugs on the market between 2005 and 2015, combing through 60,000 data points to examine every instance in which a company added a new patent or exclusivity.)sid | 9/18/21 |
SO - AC - Trade Secrets v3Tournament: Mid America Cup | Round: 1 | Opponent: Harrison AA | Judge: Benjamin Morbeck AdvantageThe advantage is drug prices,Drug prices are high now, Rajkumar 20S. Vincent Rajkumar, 6-23-2020, "The high cost of prescription drugs: causes and solutions," Blood Cancer Journal, https://www.nature.com/articles/s41408-020-0338-x Lex AT Trade secrets allow middle players to reap profits by hiding information from health plan companies and regulators, Feldman 1Robin Feldman, 6 Oct 2020, "Naked Price and Pharmaceutical Trade Secret Overreach," No Publication, https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3426225 Lex AT Three impacts,1~ That uniquely hurts low- and middle- income countries, Yadav 20~Prashant Yadav, 1-24-2020, "When Fewer Is Better: Pharmaceutical Wholesaling and Distribution in Low- and Middle-Income Countries", Center For Global Development, https://www.cgdev.org/blog/when-fewer-better-pharmaceutical-wholesaling-and-distribution-low-and-middle-income-countries, date accessed 9-16-2021~ Lex AT High drug prices leads to use of substandard drugs which cause antimicrobial resistance, WBG 17World Bank Group, March 2017, "DRUG-RESISTANT INFECTIONS A Threat to Our Economic Future", https://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/en/323311493396993758/pdf/final-report.pdf Lex AT Extinction - generic defense doesn't apply.Srivatsa 17 Kadiyali Srivatsa 1-12-2017 "Superbug Pandemics and How to Prevent Them" https://www.the-american-interest.com/2017/01/12/superbug-pandemics-and-how-to-prevent-them/ (doctor, inventor, and publisher. He worked in acute and intensive pediatric care in British hospitals)Elmer 2~ Court legitimacy is declining which shreds democracy—bipartisan legislation key, Brown 8-25Tristin Brown, 8-25-2021, "The Missing Voices on the Supreme Court Commission," No Publication, https://news.bloomberglaw.com/environment-and-energy/the-missing-voices-on-the-supreme-court-commission Lex AT The plan allows the USFG to fight for price reform, Pierson 8-12Brendan Pierson, 8-12-2021, "PBMs sue U.S. to keep prescription drug prices hidden from public," Reuters, https://www.reuters.com/legal/litigation/pbms-sue-us-keep-prescription-drug-prices-hidden-public-2021-08-12/ Lex AT Price reform is bipartisan, Lawson 21Alex Lawson, June 17, 2021, "Support for Lowering Drug Prices is Bipartisan," Data For Progress, https://www.dataforprogress.org/blog/2021/6/17/support-for-lowering-drug-prices-is-bipartisan-among-voters-democrats-must-listen Lex AT US democracy is key to stopping extinction,Kendall-Taylor 16 - deputy national intelligence officer for Russia and Eurasia at the National Intelligence Council and a nonresident senior associate in the Human Rights Initiative at the Center for Strategic and International Studies in Washington, D.C.. Andrea, 7-15, How Democracy's Decline Would Undermine the International Order, Center for Strategic and International Studies, https://www.csis.org/analysis/how-democracyE28099s-decline-would-undermine-international-order 3~ High Drug Prices pushes people into poverty – our internal is causal.Hoban 10 Rose Hoban 9-13-2010 "High Cost of Medicine Pushes More People into Poverty" https://www.voanews.com/science-health/high-cost-medicine-pushes-more-people-poverty (spent more than six years as the health reporter for North Carolina Public Radio – WUNC, where she covered health care, state health policy, science and research with a focus on public health issues. She left to start North Carolina Health News after watching many of her professional peers leave or be laid off of their jobs, leaving NC with few people to cover this complicated and important topic. ALSO cites Laurens Niens who is a Health Researcher at Erasmus University Rotterdam)Elmer This is a form of pharmaceutical capitalism – exploiting marginalized groups.Lift Mode 17 3-10-2017 "Pharmaceutical Colonialism" https://medium.com/@liftmode/pharmaceutical-colonialism-3-ways-that-western-medicine-takes-from-indigenous-communities-3a9339b4f24f (We at Liftmode.com are a team of professionals from a variety of backgrounds, dedicated to the mission of providing the highest quality and highest purity nutritional health supplements on the market. We look specifically for the latest and most promising research in the fields of cognition enhancement, neuroscience and alternative health supplements, and develop commercial strategies to bring these technologies to the marketplace.)Elmer The Alternative to the Aff isn't no medicine but exploitive medicine – the Plan's orientation is a sequencing strategy to resistance.Ahmed 20 A Kavum Ahmed 6-24-2020 "Decolonizing the vaccine" https://africasacountry.com/2020/06/decolonizing-the-vaccine (A. Kayum Ahmed is Division Director for Access and Accountability at the Open Society Public Health Program in New York and teaches at Columbia University Law School.)Duong+Elmer SolvencyPlan – The member nations of the World Trade Organization ought to reduce intellectual property protections for medicines by implementing thin trade secret protections in the TRIPS agreement.The plan solves price abuse, Feldman 2Robin Feldman, 6 Oct 2020, "Naked Price and Pharmaceutical Trade Secret Overreach," No Publication, https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3426225 Lex AT Regulations exist in the status quo—BUT lack of transparency is the only barrier, Feldman 3Robin Feldman, 6 Oct 2020, "Naked Price and Pharmaceutical Trade Secret Overreach," No Publication, https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3426225 Lex AT Err Aff—lack of transparency makes it impossible to calibrate effective innovation policies, Durkin 21Allison Durkin, June 23, 2021, "Addressing the Risks That Trade Secret Protections Pose for Health and Rights," PubMed Central (PMC), https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8233014/ Lower drug prices don't impact research incentives. Prefer comprehensive studies to pharma propaganda.Dranove et al. 20 ~David Dranove, Walter J. McNerney Professor of Health Industry Management; Faculty Director of PhD Program; Professor of Strategy. September 2, 2020. "Pharma Companies Argue That Lower Drug Prices Would Mean Fewer Breakthrough Drugs. Is That True?" https://insight.kellogg.northwestern.edu/article/pharma-companies-argue-lower-drug-prices-fewer-breakthrough-drugs~~ Dhruv Innovation is low nowFeldman 18 Robin Feldman 18, May your drug price be evergreen, Journal of Law and the Biosciences, Volume 5, Issue 3, December 2018, Pages 590–647, https://doi.org/10.1093/jlb/lsy022 Arthur J. Goldberg Distinguished Professor of Law, Albert Abramson '54 Distinguished Professor of Law Chair, and Director of the Center for Innovation (Study Notes: Presenting the first comprehensive study of evergreening, this article examines the extent to which evergreening behavior—which can be defined as artificially extending the protection cliff—may contribute to the problem. The author analyses all drugs on the market between 2005 and 2015, combing through 60,000 data points to examine every instance in which a company added a new patent or exclusivity.)sid FrameworkThe standard is maximizing expected well being or act hedonistic util.Death is bad and outweighs – a) agents can't act if they fear for their bodily security which constrains every ethical theory, b) it destroys the subject itself – kills any ability to achieve value in ethics since life is a prerequisite which means it's a side constraint since we can't reach the end goal of ethics without lifeUnderview1~ Aff gets 1AR theory to prevent infinite abuse it's DTD to deter future abuse because it's the most severe punishment, no RVIs because you can dump on a 30 sec shell for 6 minutes, and competing interps because it creates a race to the top so we set the best norms and reasonability is arbitrary – aff theory comes first the 1AR is too short to be able to rectify abuse and adequately cover substance.2~ Procedural fairness first a) probability – one round cant alter subjectivity, but it can rectify fairness skews, b) link turns their role of the ballot since it proves we couldn't engage in it and it is exclusionary, c) answers are self-defeating since they presuppose the judge evals them fairly.3~ Imagining extinction is goodJessica Hurley 17, Assistant Professor in the Humanities at the University of Chicago, "Impossible Futures: Fictions of Risk in the Longue Durée", Duke University Press, https://read.dukeupress.edu/american-literature/article/89/4/761/132823/Impossible-Futures-Fictions-of-Risk-in-the-Longue 4~ Plurals can be affirmed by singular instancesZweig 09 ~(Zweig, Eytan). Number-neutral bare plurals and the multiplicity implicature. Linguistics and Philosophy, 32(4), 353–407. 2009. doi:10.1007/s10988-009-9064-3~ TDI 5~ Specific instances prove generics which also means I meet, Cimpian 10Cimpian et al 10 (PhDs – Andrei, Amanda C. Brandone, Susan A. Gelman, Generic statements require little evidence for acceptance but have powerful implications, Cogn Sci. 2010 Nov 1; 34(8): 1452–1482) | 9/25/21 |
SO - AC - Trade Secrets v4Tournament: New York City Invitational Debate And Speech Tournament | Round: 6 | Opponent: Unionville AS | Judge: Fabrice Etienne 1ACFramingThe standard is maximizing expected well being or saving lives.1~ Death is bad and outweighs – a) agents can't act if they fear for their bodily security which constrains every ethical theory, b) it destroys the subject itself – kills any ability to achieve value in ethics since life is a prerequisite which means it's a side constraint since we can't reach the end goal of ethics without life2~ Actor spec—governments must use util because they don't have intentions and are constantly dealing with tradeoffs—outweighs since different agents have different obligations—takes out calc indicts since they are empirically denied.Extinction first –1~ It ends all source of value, Korsgaard 18Christine M. Korsgaard, 6-12-2018, "Species-Being and the Badness of Extinction and Death," Zeitschrift für Ethik und Moralphilosophie, https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s42048-018-0002-3 lex AT 2~ – Moral uncertainty – if we're unsure about which interpretation of the world is true – we ought to preserve the world to keep debating about itAdvantageThe advantage is drug prices,Drug prices are high now, Rajkumar 20S. Vincent Rajkumar, 6-23-2020, "The high cost of prescription drugs: causes and solutions," Blood Cancer Journal, https://www.nature.com/articles/s41408-020-0338-x Lex AT Trade secrets allow middle players to reap profits by hiding information from health plan companies and regulators, Feldman 1Robin Feldman, 6 Oct 2020, "Naked Price and Pharmaceutical Trade Secret Overreach," No Publication, https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3426225 Lex AT Three impacts,1~ That uniquely hurts low- and middle- income countries, Yadav 20~Prashant Yadav, 1-24-2020, "When Fewer Is Better: Pharmaceutical Wholesaling and Distribution in Low- and Middle-Income Countries", Center For Global Development, https://www.cgdev.org/blog/when-fewer-better-pharmaceutical-wholesaling-and-distribution-low-and-middle-income-countries, date accessed 9-16-2021~ Lex AT High drug prices leads to use of substandard drugs which cause antimicrobial resistance, WBG 17World Bank Group, March 2017, "DRUG-RESISTANT INFECTIONS A Threat to Our Economic Future", https://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/en/323311493396993758/pdf/final-report.pdf Lex AT Extinction - generic defense doesn't apply.Srivatsa 17 Kadiyali Srivatsa 1-12-2017 "Superbug Pandemics and How to Prevent Them" https://www.the-american-interest.com/2017/01/12/superbug-pandemics-and-how-to-prevent-them/ (doctor, inventor, and publisher. He worked in acute and intensive pediatric care in British hospitals)Elmer 2~ Court legitimacy is declining which shreds democracy—bipartisan legislation key, Brown 8-25Tristin Brown, 8-25-2021, "The Missing Voices on the Supreme Court Commission," No Publication, https://news.bloomberglaw.com/environment-and-energy/the-missing-voices-on-the-supreme-court-commission Lex AT The plan allows the USFG to fight for price reform, Pierson 8-12Brendan Pierson, 8-12-2021, "PBMs sue U.S. to keep prescription drug prices hidden from public," Reuters, https://www.reuters.com/legal/litigation/pbms-sue-us-keep-prescription-drug-prices-hidden-public-2021-08-12/ Lex AT Price reform is bipartisan, Lawson 21Alex Lawson, June 17, 2021, "Support for Lowering Drug Prices is Bipartisan," Data For Progress, https://www.dataforprogress.org/blog/2021/6/17/support-for-lowering-drug-prices-is-bipartisan-among-voters-democrats-must-listen Lex AT US democracy is key to stopping extinction,Kendall-Taylor 16 - deputy national intelligence officer for Russia and Eurasia at the National Intelligence Council and a nonresident senior associate in the Human Rights Initiative at the Center for Strategic and International Studies in Washington, D.C.. Andrea, 7-15, How Democracy's Decline Would Undermine the International Order, Center for Strategic and International Studies, https://www.csis.org/analysis/how-democracyE28099s-decline-would-undermine-international-order 3~ High Drug Prices pushes people into poverty – our internal is causal.Hoban 10 Rose Hoban 9-13-2010 "High Cost of Medicine Pushes More People into Poverty" https://www.voanews.com/science-health/high-cost-medicine-pushes-more-people-poverty (spent more than six years as the health reporter for North Carolina Public Radio – WUNC, where she covered health care, state health policy, science and research with a focus on public health issues. She left to start North Carolina Health News after watching many of her professional peers leave or be laid off of their jobs, leaving NC with few people to cover this complicated and important topic. ALSO cites Laurens Niens who is a Health Researcher at Erasmus University Rotterdam)Elmer This is a form of pharmaceutical capitalism – exploiting marginalized groups.Lift Mode 17 3-10-2017 "Pharmaceutical Colonialism" https://medium.com/@liftmode/pharmaceutical-colonialism-3-ways-that-western-medicine-takes-from-indigenous-communities-3a9339b4f24f (We at Liftmode.com are a team of professionals from a variety of backgrounds, dedicated to the mission of providing the highest quality and highest purity nutritional health supplements on the market. We look specifically for the latest and most promising research in the fields of cognition enhancement, neuroscience and alternative health supplements, and develop commercial strategies to bring these technologies to the marketplace.)Elmer The Alternative to the Aff isn't no medicine but exploitive medicine – the Plan's orientation is a sequencing strategy to resistance.Ahmed 20 A Kavum Ahmed 6-24-2020 "Decolonizing the vaccine" https://africasacountry.com/2020/06/decolonizing-the-vaccine (A. Kayum Ahmed is Division Director for Access and Accountability at the Open Society Public Health Program in New York and teaches at Columbia University Law School.)Duong+Elmer SolvencyPlan – The member nations of the World Trade Organization ought to reduce intellectual property protections for medicines by implementing thin trade secret protections in the TRIPS agreement.The plan solves price abuse, Feldman 2Robin Feldman, 6 Oct 2020, "Naked Price and Pharmaceutical Trade Secret Overreach," No Publication, https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3426225 Lex AT Regulations exist in the status quo—BUT lack of transparency is the only barrier, Feldman 3Robin Feldman, 6 Oct 2020, "Naked Price and Pharmaceutical Trade Secret Overreach," No Publication, https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3426225 Lex AT Err Aff—lack of transparency makes it impossible to calibrate effective innovation policies, Durkin 21Allison Durkin, June 23, 2021, "Addressing the Risks That Trade Secret Protections Pose for Health and Rights," PubMed Central (PMC), https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8233014/ Lower drug prices don't impact research incentives. Prefer comprehensive studies to pharma propaganda.Dranove et al. 20 ~David Dranove, Walter J. McNerney Professor of Health Industry Management; Faculty Director of PhD Program; Professor of Strategy. September 2, 2020. "Pharma Companies Argue That Lower Drug Prices Would Mean Fewer Breakthrough Drugs. Is That True?" https://insight.kellogg.northwestern.edu/article/pharma-companies-argue-lower-drug-prices-fewer-breakthrough-drugs~~ Dhruv Innovation is low nowFeldman 18 Robin Feldman 18, May your drug price be evergreen, Journal of Law and the Biosciences, Volume 5, Issue 3, December 2018, Pages 590–647, https://doi.org/10.1093/jlb/lsy022 Arthur J. Goldberg Distinguished Professor of Law, Albert Abramson '54 Distinguished Professor of Law Chair, and Director of the Center for Innovation (Study Notes: Presenting the first comprehensive study of evergreening, this article examines the extent to which evergreening behavior—which can be defined as artificially extending the protection cliff—may contribute to the problem. The author analyses all drugs on the market between 2005 and 2015, combing through 60,000 data points to examine every instance in which a company added a new patent or exclusivity.)sid Underview1~ Aff gets 1AR theory to prevent infinite abuse it's DTD since the 1AR needs it to make the time investment worth, no RVIs because you can dump on a 30 sec shell for 6 minutes, and competing interps since the 2n can't dump on a reasonability bright-line that excludes only what they did wrong – 1AR theory comes first the 1AR is too short to be able to rectify abuse and adequately cover substance.2~ Procedural fairness first a) probability – one round cant alter subjectivity, but it can rectify fairness skews, b) link turns their role of the ballot since it proves we couldn't engage in it and it is exclusionary, c) answers are self-defeating since they presuppose the judge evals them fairly.3~ Imagining extinction is goodJessica Hurley 17, Assistant Professor in the Humanities at the University of Chicago, "Impossible Futures: Fictions of Risk in the Longue Durée", Duke University Press, https://read.dukeupress.edu/american-literature/article/89/4/761/132823/Impossible-Futures-Fictions-of-Risk-in-the-Longue 4~ Capitalism is self-correcting and sustainable.Kaletsky '11 (Anatole, editor-at-large of The Times of London, where he writes weekly columns on economics, politics, and international relationsand on the governing board of the New York-based Institute for New Economic Theory (INET), a nonprofit created after the 2007-2009 crisis to promote and finance academic research in economics, Capitalism 4.0: The Birth of a New Economy in the Aftermath of Crisis, p. 19-21) | 10/16/21 |
SO - AC - Trade Secrets with FunctionalismTournament: Greenhill Fall Classic | Round: 6 | Opponent: Marlborough WR | Judge: Jack Quisenberry | 9/19/21 |
SO - AC - Trade Secrets with PragmatismTournament: Mid America Cup | Round: 5 | Opponent: Lake Highland PS | Judge: Phoenix Pittman 1acOverview1~ Aff gets 1AR theory to prevent infinite abuse it's DTD since the 1AR needs it to make the time investment worth, no RVIs because you can dump on a 30 sec shell for 6 minutes, and competing interps since the 2n can't dump on a reasonability bright-line that excludes only what they did wrong – 1AR theory comes first the 1AR is too short to be able to rectify abuse and adequately cover substance.2~ Here are some counter solvency advocates links in the doc,https://e15initiative.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/E15-Innovation-LippoldtSchultz-FINAL.pdf 3~ Procedural fairness first a) probability – one round cant alter subjectivity, but it can rectify fairness skews, b) link turns their role of the ballot since it proves we couldn't engage in it and it is exclusionary, c) answers are self-defeating since they presuppose the judge evals them fairly.4~ Permissibility and Presumption Affirm MetaethicThe metaethic is pluralism or the idea that differing views of ethics are valid,1~ Empirics- Best studies prove pluralistic tendencies are inevitablePolzler and Wright 19~Thomas Pölzler and Jennifer Cole Wright- "Empirical research on folk moral objectivism" https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6686698/ NCBI. Published July 5th 2019~ Emperics O/W they are the only verifiable metric and take into account all conditions.2~ Resolvability – Thousands of years of unresolved debates over ethics are on our side. It's unlikely a 45 minute debate can come to a useful truth.FramingMeaning only has value in a frame of reference when it is practical to the individual, | 9/26/21 |
SO - AC - Trade Secrets with Pragmatism v2Tournament: New York City Invitational Debate And Speech Tournament | Round: 4 | Opponent: Academy Of Classical Christian Studies JM | Judge: Sesh Joe | 10/16/21 |
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