| Tournament | Round | Opponent | Judge | Cites | Round Report | Open Source | Edit/Delete |
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| All Are Allowed, Simply Improve | Finals | A Policy Debater | A Policy Judge |
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| Apple Valley MinneApple Debate Tournament | 1 | Eagan VK | StPeter, Joshua |
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| Apple Valley MinneApple Debate Tournament | 4 | Byram Hills AK | Hatfield, Wyatt |
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| Apple Valley MinneApple Debate Tournament | 6 | Southlake Carroll SD | Joshi, Animesh |
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| Florida Blue Key Round Robin | 1 | Carnegie Vanguard SR | Traber, Becca, Robinson, Tajaih |
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| Florida Blue Key Speech and Debate Tournament | 5 | Lake Highland Prep ArVe | Callahan, Sabrina |
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| Florida Blue Key Speech and Debate Tournament | 4 | Lake Highland Prep AB | Bhatnagar, Sanjana |
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| Florida Blue Key Speech and Debate Tournament | 2 | American Heritage Broward SS | Herrera, David |
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| Glenbrooks Speech and Debate Tournament | 2 | Charlotte Latin AP | Brown, Grant |
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| Glenbrooks Speech and Debate Tournament | 7 | BASIS Peoria PY Phil1m0nst3r | Weston, Tate |
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| Glenbrooks Speech and Debate Tournament | 3 | Lake Highland Prep YA | Robinson, Tajaih |
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| Glenbrooks Speech and Debate Tournament | 6 | Harker AR | Copeland, Morgan |
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| Glenbrooks Speech and Debate Tournament | Octas | Ayala AM | Castillo, Chris, Smith, Collin, Dua, Raunak |
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| Mid America Cup | 2 | Byram Hills EW | tanguturi, nikita |
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| Mid America Cup | 4 | Strake Jesuit KS | Jasani, Aryan |
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| Mid America Cup | 5 | American Heritage Broward MA | Brown, Grant |
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| Yale University Invitational 2021 | 2 | Bronx Science KH | Tom, Neville |
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| Yale University Invitational 2021 | Octas | Lake Highland Prep PS | Thomas-McGinnis, Conal, Joshi, Animesh, Jiang, Devin |
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| Yale University Invitational 2021 | 5 | American Heritage Broward EM | Thomas-McGinnis, Conal |
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| Yale University Invitational 2021 | 4 | Sam Barlow EL | Gastelu, Luke |
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| Tournament | Round | Report |
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| All Are Allowed, Simply Improve | Finals | Opponent: A Policy Debater | Judge: A Policy Judge Contact Info |
| Apple Valley MinneApple Debate Tournament | 1 | Opponent: Eagan VK | Judge: StPeter, Joshua 1AC - Dysfluent Laborer v3 |
| Apple Valley MinneApple Debate Tournament | 4 | Opponent: Byram Hills AK | Judge: Hatfield, Wyatt 1AC - Dysfluent Laborers v4 |
| Apple Valley MinneApple Debate Tournament | 6 | Opponent: Southlake Carroll SD | Judge: Joshi, Animesh 1AC - Intuitionism |
| Florida Blue Key Round Robin | 1 | Opponent: Carnegie Vanguard SR | Judge: Traber, Becca, Robinson, Tajaih 1AC - Dysfluent Laborers |
| Florida Blue Key Speech and Debate Tournament | 5 | Opponent: Lake Highland Prep ArVe | Judge: Callahan, Sabrina 1AC - Dysfluent Laborer v2 |
| Florida Blue Key Speech and Debate Tournament | 4 | Opponent: Lake Highland Prep AB | Judge: Bhatnagar, Sanjana 1AC - Intuitionism |
| Florida Blue Key Speech and Debate Tournament | 2 | Opponent: American Heritage Broward SS | Judge: Herrera, David 1AC - Dysfluent Laborer v2 |
| Glenbrooks Speech and Debate Tournament | 2 | Opponent: Charlotte Latin AP | Judge: Brown, Grant 1AC - Dysfluent Laborers v4 |
| Glenbrooks Speech and Debate Tournament | 7 | Opponent: BASIS Peoria PY Phil1m0nst3r | Judge: Weston, Tate 1AC - Monstrous Crip v3 |
| Glenbrooks Speech and Debate Tournament | 3 | Opponent: Lake Highland Prep YA | Judge: Robinson, Tajaih 1AC - Monstrous Crip |
| Glenbrooks Speech and Debate Tournament | 6 | Opponent: Harker AR | Judge: Copeland, Morgan 1AC - Monstrous Crip v2 |
| Glenbrooks Speech and Debate Tournament | Octas | Opponent: Ayala AM | Judge: Castillo, Chris, Smith, Collin, Dua, Raunak 1AC - Dysfluent Laborers v6 |
| Mid America Cup | 2 | Opponent: Byram Hills EW | Judge: tanguturi, nikita 1AC - Intuitionism v5 |
| Mid America Cup | 4 | Opponent: Strake Jesuit KS | Judge: Jasani, Aryan 1AC - Inventive Step |
| Mid America Cup | 5 | Opponent: American Heritage Broward MA | Judge: Brown, Grant 1AC - Kant NCM |
| Yale University Invitational 2021 | 2 | Opponent: Bronx Science KH | Judge: Tom, Neville 1AC - Intuitionism Disclosure |
| Yale University Invitational 2021 | Octas | Opponent: Lake Highland Prep PS | Judge: Thomas-McGinnis, Conal, Joshi, Animesh, Jiang, Devin 1AC - Intuitionism v4 |
| Yale University Invitational 2021 | 5 | Opponent: American Heritage Broward EM | Judge: Thomas-McGinnis, Conal 1AC - Intuitionism v3 |
| Yale University Invitational 2021 | 4 | Opponent: Sam Barlow EL | Judge: Gastelu, Luke 1AC - Intuitionism v2 |
To modify or delete round reports, edit the associated round.
Cites
| Entry | Date |
|---|---|
0 -- Contact InfoTournament: All Are Allowed, Simply Improve | Round: Finals | Opponent: A Policy Debater | Judge: A Policy Judge Hey, I'm Vik -- pronouns he/him/hisYou can reach me by:Email -- a1lexdebateteam@gmail.com | 9/29/21 |
0 -- Content WarningsTournament: All Are Allowed, Simply Improve | Round: Finals | Opponent: A Policy Debater | Judge: A Policy Judge I will always give content warnings before reading any potentially triggering positions, however, if you have any specific accommodations or concerns please let me know before the round. For me personally, please have a trigger warning for descriptions of ableist violence. That being said, for those who read long underviews please be straight up during cross-ex about short theoretical arguments (especially exempted ones that are not in the doc). I will do the same | 9/29/21 |
0 -- DisclosureTournament: All Are Allowed, Simply Improve | Round: Finals | Opponent: A Policy Debater | Judge: A Policy Judge Interpretation: Debaters must disclose all constructive positions, on the page with their name and the school they attend, on the 2020-2021 NDCA LD wiki on open source with highlighting after the round in which they read them.-- Interpretation: Debaters must disclose round reports on the 2020-2021 NDCA LD wiki for every round. Round reports disclose which positions (AC, NC, K, T, Theory, etc.) were read/gone for in every speech.-- Interpretation: Debaters must disclose all constructive positions in cite boxes on the 2020-2021 NDCA LD wiki. To clarify, they can’t say check open source.-- Interpretation: For each position on their corresponding 2020-2021 NDCA LD wiki page, debaters must disclose a summary of each analytic argument in their cases. To clarify – you don’t have to include the full text of each, you just have to substitute them with a few words that summarize the thesis of the argument i.e. ‘actor specificity’ rather than ‘analytic’.-- Interpretation: If debaters disclose full text, they must not post the full text of the cards in the cite box but must upload an open-source document with the full text of their cards on the 2020-2021 NDCA LD wiki. To clarify, you don’t have to disclose highlighting or underlining, you just need an open-source document with minimally the full, un-underlined text of cards.-- Interpretation: Debaters must create a separate citation for each constructive position on their 2020-2021 NDCA LD wiki page. To clarify, you can't make cite entries labeled by round like "R1 Yale NC" or put multiple under one heading.Interpretation: The affirmative must, upon (the release of tournament pairings/flipping for sides), tell the negative what specific affirmative position they will be reading, within ten minutes. | 9/29/21 |
0 -- NavigationTournament: All Are Allowed, Simply Improve | Round: Finals | Opponent: A Policy Debater | Judge: A Policy Judge 0 -- Contact Info/Navigation/Updates1 -- Theory Interpretations2 -- K Generics or FWsSEPTOCT -- September/October TopicNOVDEC -- November/December TopicJANFEB -- January/February TopicMARAPR -- March/April Topic | 9/29/21 |
1 -- Theory -- ACCTournament: Florida Blue Key Speech and Debate Tournament | Round: 4 | Opponent: Lake Highland Prep AB | Judge: Bhatnagar, Sanjana Interpretation: Debaters must contest the affirmative framework
Violation:
The standard is strat skew not contesting the framework makes debate | 10/30/21 |
1 -- Theory -- AFCTournament: Yale University Invitational 2021 | Round: 5 | Opponent: American Heritage Broward EM | Judge: Thomas-McGinnis, Conal Interpretation: the neg must not contest the aff framework, read arguments that contest the ethical validity of the aff standard, or read an alternative framework provided that the aff has been disclosed open source.A~ Clash – AFC is key to force substantive engagement – intuitionism doesn’t exclude impacts and forces debaters to do advocacy comparison and engage in meaningful rebuttal clash. The disclosure plank means no prep skew and that you should be ready to debate the aff which is key to topic clash – topic ed o/w on timeframe since we can learn phil over 4 years but only have the topic for a few monthsB~ Strat skew – neg is reactive and can up-layer the aff on moral frameworks, procedurals, and discursive arguments – AFC levels the playing field by forcing the neg to commit to the aff on substance, which ensures the AC matters | 9/24/21 |
1 -- Theory -- Agent CPsTournament: Mid America Cup | Round: 4 | Opponent: Strake Jesuit KS | Judge: Jasani, Aryan Actor CPs Bad is a voter – | 9/26/21 |
1 -- Theory -- Condo BadTournament: Mid America Cup | Round: 2 | Opponent: Byram Hills EW | Judge: tanguturi, nikita Interpretation: The negative can’t read conditional advocacies.Violation: You did1~ Strat skew-splits the 1ar by forcing me to argue against multiple worlds with different uniqueness conditions which precludes taking advantages of strategic interactions and contradictions. | 9/25/21 |
1 -- Theory -- Converse TheoryTournament: Yale University Invitational 2021 | Round: 5 | Opponent: American Heritage Broward EM | Judge: Thomas-McGinnis, Conal Interpretation: the neg must fairly prove the truth of the statement "the member nations states of the WTO ought to reduce intellectual property protections for medicine" To clarify, other than theory, all negative arguments must prove the truth of the statement.A~ Research – proving the converse means they have to actively search out reasons the plan is a bad idea—their model ensures that they never have to research different topics or do prep since it gives them an infinite number of objectionsB~ Strat skew—2 warrants – 1, you get variable ground if not bound by the rez—means you have access to more layers since I have a truth burden and you don’t, 2, you can moot 6 minutes of the 1ac by shifting the debate to a separate layer that the aff doesn’t interact with | 9/24/21 |
1 -- Theory -- Dispo BadTournament: Yale University Invitational 2021 | Round: 4 | Opponent: Sam Barlow EL | Judge: Gastelu, Luke A Interpretation: the neg must defend all advocacies unconditionally. To clarify, this means you cannot run a dispositional counterplan.B Violation:C Standard:Strat skew—double bind—either a) they kill perm ground since I’m unwilling to let them kick the advocacy, which kills fairness since perms are to garner net benefits through perms or make links indicts effectively, and to ensure limits since otherwise aff can’t check infinite neg advocacies, OR b) I perm but they can kick it which guts my ability to engage in depth advocacy comparison since it exacerbates time-pressed 1AR by mooting the time on kicked positions. | 9/24/21 |
1 -- Theory -- NCMTournament: Mid America Cup | Round: 5 | Opponent: American Heritage Broward MA | Judge: Brown, Grant Interpretation: All debater’s theory shells must operate through NCM, or the norm-setting model, not the abuse model. To clarify, an interpretation under NCM necessitates that a proposed interpretation would produce better norms for debate than the mutually exclusive counter-interp. A violation says the rule is not a set norm in the debate community. This is done by showing the opposing debater is in violation of the norm. But, showing the opponent’s action is in violation of the rule is unnecessary if the proposed rule is not a set norm in debate. | 9/26/21 |
1 -- Theory -- Open SourceTournament: Yale University Invitational 2021 | Round: 2 | Opponent: Bronx Science KH | Judge: Tom, Neville Interpretation: Debaters must disclose all constructive positions on open source with highlighting on the 2021-2022 NDCA LD wiki after the round in which they read them.Violation – they don’t – ss proves missing last round1~ Debate resource inequities— the only way to truly level the playing field for novices in under-privileged programs who can’t bypass paywalled articles.2~ Evidence ethics – open source is the only way to verify pre-round that cards aren’t miscut or highlighted or bracketed unethically. That’s a voter – maintaining ethical ev practices is key to being good academics and we should be able to verify you didn’t cheat | 9/17/21 |
1 -- Theory -- T and No RVITournament: Florida Blue Key Speech and Debate Tournament | Round: 4 | Opponent: Lake Highland Prep AB | Judge: Bhatnagar, Sanjana Interpretation- The negative may not claim topicality is a prior question | 10/30/21 |
2 -- AC -- Dysf1u3nt L4b0r3rs v6Tournament: Glenbrooks Speech and Debate Tournament | Round: Octas | Opponent: Ayala AM | Judge: Castillo, Chris, Smith, Collin, Dua, Raunak Communicative arenas such as debate links disabled folk under modes of compulsive able-bodiedness. They are controlled by biopolitical systems of fluency which systematically smooths dysfluencies to maintain the fluid semiotic operation. Thus, the role of the ballot is to vote for the debater that best resists the technologies of fluency.St. Pierre 17 ~Becoming Dysfluent: Fluency as Biopolitics and Hegemony Joshua St. Pierre Journal of Literary and Cultural Disability Studies, Volume 11, Issue 3, 2017, pp. 339-356 (Article) Published by Liverpool University Press~ Lex VM AND ends through the logic of optimization and closure." (342-344) New biopolitical developments in neoliberal capitalism has shifted the focus of normalizing the disabled body to profiting off of its capacitation through medicalization. Bodies are now evaluated in regard to their productivity and health blurring the distinction between abled and disabled forming gradations of capacity and debility.Fritsch 15 ~Fritsch, Kelly Michelle. "The Neoliberal Biopolitics of Disability: Towards Emergent Intracorporeal Practices." Diss. York U, Toronto, 2015. YorkSpace Institutional Repository. York University, 16 Dec. 2015. Web.~ Lex VM AND of citizenship has intensified the costs associated with failing to access the workplace." Speech and technologies of fluency has fueled the rise of Semiocapitalism which requires information to move quickly and effortlessly. This results in the capacitation of certain disabled bodies at the expense of debilitating dysfluent ones.St. Pierre 2 ~Becoming Dysfluent: Fluency as Biopolitics and Hegemony Joshua St. Pierre Journal of Literary and Cultural Disability Studies, Volume 11, Issue 3, 2017, pp. 339-356 (Article) Published by Liverpool University Press~ UTDD recut Lex VM AND excellent communication skills" marginalize dysfluent laborers in postindustrial economies." (344) Biocapitalism creates a structure of value where the ideal Child that symbolizes the image of futurity is the one that embodies maximized productivity. In reality, this sacred Child is unobtainable and requires the death and enhancement of disability to give it meaning. This locks disability in a cycle of cruelly optimistic futures that are predicated on disabled death.Fritsch 2 ~Fritsch, Kelly Michelle. "The Neoliberal Biopolitics of Disability: Towards Emergent Intracorporeal Practices." Diss. York U, Toronto, 2015. YorkSpace Institutional Repository. York University, 16 Dec. 2015. Web.~ Lex VM AND sliding into neoliberalism’s forms of capacitation and enhancement that incapacitates and disables others. Vote aff to enact dysfluencies in communicative spheres to create frictions that disrupt the semiotic flow of debate. Our politics resists the spell of the linguistic by using dysfluent systems of grammar, norms and communication to escape the totalizing demands of fluency.St. Pierre 3 ~Becoming Dysfluent: Fluency as Biopolitics and Hegemony Joshua St. Pierre Journal of Literary and Cultural Disability Studies, Volume 11, Issue 3, 2017, pp. 339-356 (Article) Published by Liverpool University Press~ UTDD recut Lex VM AND precisely in its flight from understanding and intelligibility." (353-354) Voting affirmative engages in a heterotopic imagination of disability. This is a method of imagining disability differently outside of the current neoliberal conditions. The product is a figure of disability not as something to overcome but as a life worth living.Fritsch 3 ~Fritsch, Kelly Michelle. "The Neoliberal Biopolitics of Disability: Towards Emergent Intracorporeal Practices." Diss. York U, Toronto, 2015. YorkSpace Institutional Repository. York University, 16 Dec. 2015. Web.~ UTDD recut Lex VM AND disability is, how it is practiced, and what it can be. UnderviewFocusing on the jurisdiction of the settler state replicates a "logic of recognition"— this shifts from a focus on territory to a focus on the body, defining citizens through their descent alone. Instead, we should focus on relationality with non-indigenous populations in shared and overlapping territories—this is about a sensorial connection between bodies and territories. Powell 15"The rainbow is our sovereignty: Rethinking the politics of energy on the Navajo Nation" Dana E. Powell 2015 LHPDD AND ultimately divisive, identifiers of race, blood, and descent." (55) Engage in the aff’s utopic calling for "some more perfect order" as a method of criticizing settle colonialism and colonial structures. Ahmed 10"The Promise of Happiness" by Sara Ahmed 2010 iBooks LHPDD AND possible, but it aims to make impossible the belief that there is no alternative." (408-415) Given the matrix of structures affecting the settler colonial project it is futile to look for a solution in one singular way. Instead we must critically interrogate our position in civil society and daily life as a way of re-orienting society towards colonialist knowledge production. Hawari19Yara Hawari (Institute of Arab and Islamic Studies, University of Exeter), Sharri Plonski (School of Politics and International Relations, Queen Mary, University of London) and Elian Weizman (Department of Politics and International Studies, SOAS, University of London), "Seeing Israel through Palestine: Knowledge Production as Anti-Colonial Praxis", 2019 AND and neoliberal hegemony, and thus must be chal- lenged and transformed. | 11/25/21 |
2 -- AC -- Dysfluent LaborersTournament: Florida Blue Key Round Robin | Round: 1 | Opponent: Carnegie Vanguard SR | Judge: Traber, Becca, Robinson, Tajaih Communicative arenas such as debate links disabled folk under modes of compulsive able-bodiedness. They are controlled by biopolitical systems of fluency which systematically smooths dysfluencies to maintain the fluid semiotic operation. Thus, the role of the ballot is to vote for the debater that best resists the technologies of fluency.St. Pierre 17 ~Becoming Dysfluent: Fluency as Biopolitics and Hegemony Joshua St. Pierre Journal of Literary and Cultural Disability Studies, Volume 11, Issue 3, 2017, pp. 339-356 (Article) Published by Liverpool University Press~ Lex VM AND ends through the logic of optimization and closure." (342-344) New biopolitical developments in neoliberal capitalism has shifted the focus of normalizing the disabled body to profiting off of its capacitation through medicalization. Bodies are now evaluated in regard to their productivity and health blurring the distinction between abled and disabled forming gradations of capacity and debility.Fritsch 15 ~Fritsch, Kelly Michelle. "The Neoliberal Biopolitics of Disability: Towards Emergent Intracorporeal Practices." Diss. York U, Toronto, 2015. YorkSpace Institutional Repository. York University, 16 Dec. 2015. Web.~ Lex VM AND of citizenship has intensified the costs associated with failing to access the workplace." Speech and technologies of fluency has fueled the rise of Semiocapitalism which requires information to move quickly and effortlessly. This results in the capacitation of certain disabled bodies at the expense of debilitating dysfluent ones.St. Pierre 2 ~Becoming Dysfluent: Fluency as Biopolitics and Hegemony Joshua St. Pierre Journal of Literary and Cultural Disability Studies, Volume 11, Issue 3, 2017, pp. 339-356 (Article) Published by Liverpool University Press~ UTDD recut Lex VM AND excellent communication skills" marginalize dysfluent laborers in postindustrial economies." (344) Biocapitalism creates a structure of value where the ideal Child that symbolizes the image of futurity is the one that embodies maximized productivity. In reality, this sacred Child is unobtainable and requires the death and enhancement of disability to give it meaning. This locks disability in a cycle of cruelly optimistic futures that are predicated on disabled death.Fritsch 2 ~Fritsch, Kelly Michelle. "The Neoliberal Biopolitics of Disability: Towards Emergent Intracorporeal Practices." Diss. York U, Toronto, 2015. YorkSpace Institutional Repository. York University, 16 Dec. 2015. Web.~ Lex VM AND sliding into neoliberalism’s forms of capacitation and enhancement that incapacitates and disables others. Neoliberal biocapitalism forecloses futures by constructing groups based on historical suffering. Only gradations if ability can move beyond the abled/disabled binary.Fritsch 3 ~Fritsch, Kelly Michelle. "The Neoliberal Biopolitics of Disability: Towards Emergent Intracorporeal Practices." Diss. York U, Toronto, 2015. YorkSpace Institutional Repository. York University, 16 Dec. 2015. Web.~ Lex VM AND allow for a more just future for everyone." (116-119) Vote aff to enact dysfluencies in communicative spheres to create frictions that disrupt the semiotic flow of debate. Our politics resists the spell of the linguistic by using dysfluent systems of grammar, norms and communication to escape the totalizing demands of fluency.St. Pierre 3 ~Becoming Dysfluent: Fluency as Biopolitics and Hegemony Joshua St. Pierre Journal of Literary and Cultural Disability Studies, Volume 11, Issue 3, 2017, pp. 339-356 (Article) Published by Liverpool University Press~ UTDD recut Lex VM AND precisely in its flight from understanding and intelligibility." (353-354) Voting affirmative engages in a heterotopic imagination of disability. This is a method of imagining disability differently outside of the current neoliberal conditions. The product is a figure of disability not as something to overcome but as a life worth living.Fritsch 3 ~Fritsch, Kelly Michelle. "The Neoliberal Biopolitics of Disability: Towards Emergent Intracorporeal Practices." Diss. York U, Toronto, 2015. YorkSpace Institutional Repository. York University, 16 Dec. 2015. Web.~ UTDD recut Lex VM AND disability is, how it is practiced, and what it can be. Underview~1~ Affirm even if you think the negative deserves the ballot – you are predisposed to ignore the voices of disabled folk because their communicative labor is seen as parasitic or slow in systems of fluency.~2~ No neg analytics – it’s reciprocal and turns their offense as disabled debaters are always behind within normative forms of communication. Anything else is ableist parasitism that furthers able occupation and the expense of disabled death. No Neg RVIs against disabled debaters – ~A~ RVIs is just a form of abled shiftiness, you shouldn’t win simply because the we were wrong which reproduces cancellation politics of harshly punishing disabled folk for not meeting able bodied standards - evaluate the debate after the 1AC – if debate is bad, we should evaluate less of it. The only theoretical voter is ableism – otherwise ableist discourse and discussions about disability are crowded out by fairness.~4~ Give up the ballot to disabled folk – ~A~ its key to spreading disability scholarship. ~B~ It deems disability as productive and capable. Disabled fairness outweighs generic fairness – ~A~ Violating the fairness of disabled folk is worse since it uses their disabilities to your advantage ~B~ disabled folk will always be behind within systems of fluency which means our weighing claims are key to accommodation.~5~ T is not a voter ~A~ T attempts to correct dysfluent mistakes disabled folk create which is violent. ~B~ The only voter for T that matters in this round is ableism. ~C~ Exploits disabilities – since those who have dementia will always forget to meet your interp in future rounds. | 10/30/21 |
2 -- AC -- Dysfluent Laborers v2Tournament: Florida Blue Key Speech and Debate Tournament | Round: 2 | Opponent: American Heritage Broward SS | Judge: Herrera, David Communicative arenas such as debate links disabled folk under modes of compulsive able-bodiedness. They are controlled by biopolitical systems of fluency which systematically smooths dysfluencies to maintain the fluid semiotic operation. Thus, the role of the ballot is to vote for the debater that best resists the technologies of fluency.St. Pierre 17 ~Becoming Dysfluent: Fluency as Biopolitics and Hegemony Joshua St. Pierre Journal of Literary and Cultural Disability Studies, Volume 11, Issue 3, 2017, pp. 339-356 (Article) Published by Liverpool University Press~ Lex VM AND ends through the logic of optimization and closure." (342-344) New biopolitical developments in neoliberal capitalism has shifted the focus of normalizing the disabled body to profiting off of its capacitation through medicalization. Bodies are now evaluated in regard to their productivity and health blurring the distinction between abled and disabled forming gradations of capacity and debility.Fritsch 15 ~Fritsch, Kelly Michelle. "The Neoliberal Biopolitics of Disability: Towards Emergent Intracorporeal Practices." Diss. York U, Toronto, 2015. YorkSpace Institutional Repository. York University, 16 Dec. 2015. Web.~ Lex VM AND of citizenship has intensified the costs associated with failing to access the workplace." Speech and technologies of fluency has fueled the rise of Semiocapitalism which requires information to move quickly and effortlessly. This results in the capacitation of certain disabled bodies at the expense of debilitating dysfluent ones.St. Pierre 2 ~Becoming Dysfluent: Fluency as Biopolitics and Hegemony Joshua St. Pierre Journal of Literary and Cultural Disability Studies, Volume 11, Issue 3, 2017, pp. 339-356 (Article) Published by Liverpool University Press~ UTDD recut Lex VM AND excellent communication skills" marginalize dysfluent laborers in postindustrial economies." (344) Biocapitalism creates a structure of value where the ideal Child that symbolizes the image of futurity is the one that embodies maximized productivity. In reality, this sacred Child is unobtainable and requires the death and enhancement of disability to give it meaning. This locks disability in a cycle of cruelly optimistic futures that are predicated on disabled death.Fritsch 2 ~Fritsch, Kelly Michelle. "The Neoliberal Biopolitics of Disability: Towards Emergent Intracorporeal Practices." Diss. York U, Toronto, 2015. YorkSpace Institutional Repository. York University, 16 Dec. 2015. Web.~ Lex VM AND face of contested understandings of disability or accessibility." (82-84) Neoliberal biocapitalism forecloses futures by constructing groups based on historical suffering. Only gradations of ability can move beyond the abled/disabled binary.Fritsch 3 ~Fritsch, Kelly Michelle. "The Neoliberal Biopolitics of Disability: Towards Emergent Intracorporeal Practices." Diss. York U, Toronto, 2015. YorkSpace Institutional Repository. York University, 16 Dec. 2015. Web.~ Lex VM AND allow for a more just future for everyone." (116-119) Vote aff to enact dysfluencies in communicative spheres to create frictions that disrupt the semiotic flow of debate. Our politics resists the spell of the linguistic by using dysfluent systems of grammar, norms and communication to escape the totalizing demands of fluency.St. Pierre 3 ~Becoming Dysfluent: Fluency as Biopolitics and Hegemony Joshua St. Pierre Journal of Literary and Cultural Disability Studies, Volume 11, Issue 3, 2017, pp. 339-356 (Article) Published by Liverpool University Press~ UTDD recut Lex VM AND precisely in its flight from understanding and intelligibility." (353-354) Voting affirmative engages in a heterotopic imagination of disability. This is a method of imagining disability differently outside of the current neoliberal conditions. The product is a figure of disability not as something to overcome but as a life worth living.Fritsch 3 ~Fritsch, Kelly Michelle. "The Neoliberal Biopolitics of Disability: Towards Emergent Intracorporeal Practices." Diss. York U, Toronto, 2015. YorkSpace Institutional Repository. York University, 16 Dec. 2015. Web.~ UTDD recut Lex VM AND disability is, how it is practiced, and what it can be. UnderviewIdeal theory lacks accountability, forgets the value to know the unknown, and contains generalizations that exclude material suffering – prefer an ethic of care which brings humility and provides the necessary empirical realities that stipulate the definitions of your idealized world.Kittay 09 Eva Feder Kittay is an American philosopher. She is Distinguished Professor of Philosophy (Emerita) at Stony Brook University ~Kittay, Eva Feder. "The Ethics of Philosophizing: Ideal Theory and the Exclusion of People with Severe Cognitive Disabilities." Feminist Ethics and Social and Political Philosophy: Theorizing the Non-Ideal, 2009, pp. 141–143.~ Lex AKo + Lex VM AND a harmful fashion, that is not the pure scientist’s concern. | 11/5/21 |
2 -- AC -- Dysfluent Laborers v3Tournament: Apple Valley MinneApple Debate Tournament | Round: 1 | Opponent: Eagan VK | Judge: StPeter, Joshua Communicative arenas such as debate links disabled folk under modes of compulsive able-bodiedness. They are controlled by biopolitical systems of fluency which systematically smooths dysfluencies to maintain the fluid semiotic operation. Thus, the role of the ballot is to vote for the debater that best resists the technologies of fluency.St. Pierre 17 ~Becoming Dysfluent: Fluency as Biopolitics and Hegemony Joshua St. Pierre Journal of Literary and Cultural Disability Studies, Volume 11, Issue 3, 2017, pp. 339-356 (Article) Published by Liverpool University Press~ Lex VM AND ends through the logic of optimization and closure." (342-344) New biopolitical developments in neoliberal capitalism has shifted the focus of normalizing the disabled body to profiting off of its capacitation through medicalization. Bodies are now evaluated in regard to their productivity and health blurring the distinction between abled and disabled forming gradations of capacity and debility.Fritsch 15 ~Fritsch, Kelly Michelle. "The Neoliberal Biopolitics of Disability: Towards Emergent Intracorporeal Practices." Diss. York U, Toronto, 2015. YorkSpace Institutional Repository. York University, 16 Dec. 2015. Web.~ Lex VM AND of citizenship has intensified the costs associated with failing to access the workplace." Speech and technologies of fluency has fueled the rise of Semiocapitalism which requires information to move quickly and effortlessly. This results in the capacitation of certain disabled bodies at the expense of debilitating dysfluent ones.St. Pierre 2 ~Becoming Dysfluent: Fluency as Biopolitics and Hegemony Joshua St. Pierre Journal of Literary and Cultural Disability Studies, Volume 11, Issue 3, 2017, pp. 339-356 (Article) Published by Liverpool University Press~ UTDD recut Lex VM AND excellent communication skills" marginalize dysfluent laborers in postindustrial economies." (344) Biocapitalism creates a structure of value where the ideal Child that symbolizes the image of futurity is the one that embodies maximized productivity. In reality, this sacred Child is unobtainable and requires the death and enhancement of disability to give it meaning. This locks disability in a cycle of cruelly optimistic futures that are predicated on disabled death.Fritsch 2 ~Fritsch, Kelly Michelle. "The Neoliberal Biopolitics of Disability: Towards Emergent Intracorporeal Practices." Diss. York U, Toronto, 2015. YorkSpace Institutional Repository. York University, 16 Dec. 2015. Web.~ Lex VM AND sliding into neoliberalism’s forms of capacitation and enhancement that incapacitates and disables others. Vote aff to enact dysfluencies in communicative spheres to create frictions that disrupt the semiotic flow of debate. Our politics resists the spell of the linguistic by using dysfluent systems of grammar, norms and communication to escape the totalizing demands of fluency.St. Pierre 3 ~Becoming Dysfluent: Fluency as Biopolitics and Hegemony Joshua St. Pierre Journal of Literary and Cultural Disability Studies, Volume 11, Issue 3, 2017, pp. 339-356 (Article) Published by Liverpool University Press~ UTDD recut Lex VM AND precisely in its flight from understanding and intelligibility." (353-354) Voting affirmative engages in a heterotopic imagination of disability. This is a method of imagining disability differently outside of the current neoliberal conditions. The product is a figure of disability not as something to overcome but as a life worth living.Fritsch 3 ~Fritsch, Kelly Michelle. "The Neoliberal Biopolitics of Disability: Towards Emergent Intracorporeal Practices." Diss. York U, Toronto, 2015. YorkSpace Institutional Repository. York University, 16 Dec. 2015. Web.~ UTDD recut Lex VM AND disability is, how it is practiced, and what it can be. UnderviewT is not a voter ~A~ T attempts to correct dysfluent mistakes disabled folk create which is violent. ~B~ The only voter for T that matters in this round is ableism. ~C~ Exploits disabilities – since those who have dementia will always forget to meet your interp in future rounds.theorizing disability through gradations of debility moves away from a stable conception of disability and allows us to explicitly critique U.S. imperialism while maintaining a larger theory of how power operates. Puar 17"The Right to Maim: Debility, Capacity, Disability" 2017 UTDD AND able to participate in empowerment discourses and practices and why." (67) Disability is the master trope for all forms of oppression on the basis of inferiority – involuntary aesthetics disqualify humans based on their ability.Siebers 10 ~Tobin Siebers, Department of English Language and Literature at the University of Michigan; "The Aesthetics of Human Disqualification"; University of Michigan Press; 10/28/2010; accessed 07/30/19 WHSRS~ AND represents at this moment in time the final frontier of justifiable human inferiority. Engage in the aff’s utopic calling for "some more perfect order" as a method of criticizing settle colonialism and colonial structures. Ahmed 10"The Promise of Happiness" by Sara Ahmed 2010 iBooks UTDD AND impossible the belief that there is no alternative." (408-415) | 11/5/21 |
2 -- AC -- Dysfluent Laborers v4Tournament: Apple Valley MinneApple Debate Tournament | Round: 4 | Opponent: Byram Hills AK | Judge: Hatfield, Wyatt 1ACCommunicative arenas such as debate links disabled folk under modes of compulsive able-bodiedness. They are controlled by biopolitical systems of fluency which systematically smooths dysfluencies to maintain the fluid semiotic operation. Thus, the role of the ballot is to vote for the debater that best resists the technologies of fluency.St. Pierre 17 ~Becoming Dysfluent: Fluency as Biopolitics and Hegemony Joshua St. Pierre Journal of Literary and Cultural Disability Studies, Volume 11, Issue 3, 2017, pp. 339-356 (Article) Published by Liverpool University Press~ Lex VM AND ends through the logic of optimization and closure." (342-344) New biopolitical developments in neoliberal capitalism has shifted the focus of normalizing the disabled body to profiting off of its capacitation through medicalization. Bodies are now evaluated in regard to their productivity and health blurring the distinction between abled and disabled forming gradations of capacity and debility.Fritsch 15 ~Fritsch, Kelly Michelle. "The Neoliberal Biopolitics of Disability: Towards Emergent Intracorporeal Practices." Diss. York U, Toronto, 2015. YorkSpace Institutional Repository. York University, 16 Dec. 2015. Web.~ Lex VM AND of citizenship has intensified the costs associated with failing to access the workplace." Speech and technologies of fluency has fueled the rise of Semiocapitalism which requires information to move quickly and effortlessly. This results in the capacitation of certain disabled bodies at the expense of debilitating dysfluent ones.St. Pierre 2 ~Becoming Dysfluent: Fluency as Biopolitics and Hegemony Joshua St. Pierre Journal of Literary and Cultural Disability Studies, Volume 11, Issue 3, 2017, pp. 339-356 (Article) Published by Liverpool University Press~ UTDD recut Lex VM AND excellent communication skills" marginalize dysfluent laborers in postindustrial economies." (344) Biocapitalism creates a structure of value where the ideal Child that symbolizes the image of futurity is the one that embodies maximized productivity. In reality, this sacred Child is unobtainable and requires the death and enhancement of disability to give it meaning. This locks disability in a cycle of cruelly optimistic futures that are predicated on disabled death.Fritsch 2 ~Fritsch, Kelly Michelle. "The Neoliberal Biopolitics of Disability: Towards Emergent Intracorporeal Practices." Diss. York U, Toronto, 2015. YorkSpace Institutional Repository. York University, 16 Dec. 2015. Web.~ Lex VM AND sliding into neoliberalism’s forms of capacitation and enhancement that incapacitates and disables others. This affective economy determines the value and circulation of social goods which allows biocapitalism to frame disability through a narrative of overcoming suffering. This produces disability as tragedy, pity, and disgust.Fritsch 2 The Neoliberal Biopolitics of Disability: Towards Emergent Intracorporeal Practices by Kelly Fritsch JUNE 2015 UTDD AND face of contested understandings of disability or accessibility." (82-84) Vote aff to enact dysfluencies in communicative spheres to create frictions that disrupt the semiotic flow of debate. Our politics resists the spell of the linguistic by using dysfluent systems of grammar, norms and communication to escape the totalizing demands of fluency.St. Pierre 3 ~Becoming Dysfluent: Fluency as Biopolitics and Hegemony Joshua St. Pierre Journal of Literary and Cultural Disability Studies, Volume 11, Issue 3, 2017, pp. 339-356 (Article) Published by Liverpool University Press~ UTDD recut Lex VM AND precisely in its flight from understanding and intelligibility." (353-354) Voting affirmative engages in a heterotopic imagination of disability. This is a method of imagining disability differently outside of the current neoliberal conditions. The product is a figure of disability not as something to overcome but as a life worth living.Fritsch 3 ~Fritsch, Kelly Michelle. "The Neoliberal Biopolitics of Disability: Towards Emergent Intracorporeal Practices." Diss. York U, Toronto, 2015. YorkSpace Institutional Repository. York University, 16 Dec. 2015. Web.~ UTDD recut Lex VM AND disability is, how it is practiced, and what it can be. Underviewextempt | 11/6/21 |
2 -- AC -- Dysfluent Laborers v5Tournament: Glenbrooks Speech and Debate Tournament | Round: 2 | Opponent: Charlotte Latin AP | Judge: Brown, Grant Communicative arenas such as debate links disabled folk under modes of compulsive able-bodiedness. They are controlled by biopolitical systems of fluency which systematically smooths dysfluencies to maintain the fluid semiotic operation. Thus, the role of the ballot is to vote for the debater that best resists the technologies of fluency.St. Pierre 17 ~Becoming Dysfluent: Fluency as Biopolitics and Hegemony Joshua St. Pierre Journal of Literary and Cultural Disability Studies, Volume 11, Issue 3, 2017, pp. 339-356 (Article) Published by Liverpool University Press~ Lex VM AND ends through the logic of optimization and closure." (342-344) New biopolitical developments in neoliberal capitalism has shifted the focus of normalizing the disabled body to profiting off of its capacitation through medicalization. Bodies are now evaluated in regard to their productivity and health blurring the distinction between abled and disabled forming gradations of capacity and debility.Fritsch 15 ~Fritsch, Kelly Michelle. "The Neoliberal Biopolitics of Disability: Towards Emergent Intracorporeal Practices." Diss. York U, Toronto, 2015. YorkSpace Institutional Repository. York University, 16 Dec. 2015. Web.~ Lex VM AND of citizenship has intensified the costs associated with failing to access the workplace." Speech and technologies of fluency has fueled the rise of Semiocapitalism which requires information to move quickly and effortlessly. This results in the capacitation of certain disabled bodies at the expense of debilitating dysfluent ones.St. Pierre 2 ~Becoming Dysfluent: Fluency as Biopolitics and Hegemony Joshua St. Pierre Journal of Literary and Cultural Disability Studies, Volume 11, Issue 3, 2017, pp. 339-356 (Article) Published by Liverpool University Press~ UTDD recut Lex VM AND excellent communication skills" marginalize dysfluent laborers in postindustrial economies." (344) Biocapitalism creates a structure of value where the ideal Child that symbolizes the image of futurity is the one that embodies maximized productivity. In reality, this sacred Child is unobtainable and requires the death and enhancement of disability to give it meaning. This locks disability in a cycle of cruelly optimistic futures that are predicated on disabled death.Fritsch 2 ~Fritsch, Kelly Michelle. "The Neoliberal Biopolitics of Disability: Towards Emergent Intracorporeal Practices." Diss. York U, Toronto, 2015. YorkSpace Institutional Repository. York University, 16 Dec. 2015. Web.~ Lex VM AND sliding into neoliberalism’s forms of capacitation and enhancement that incapacitates and disables others. This affective economy determines the value and circulation of social goods which allows biocapitalism to frame disability through a narrative of overcoming suffering. This produces disability as tragedy, pity, and disgust.Fritsch 2 The Neoliberal Biopolitics of Disability: Towards Emergent Intracorporeal Practices by Kelly Fritsch JUNE 2015 UTDD AND face of contested understandings of disability or accessibility." (82-84) Vote aff to enact dysfluencies in communicative spheres to create frictions that disrupt the semiotic flow of debate. Our politics resists the spell of the linguistic by using dysfluent systems of grammar, norms and communication to escape the totalizing demands of fluency.St. Pierre 3 ~Becoming Dysfluent: Fluency as Biopolitics and Hegemony Joshua St. Pierre Journal of Literary and Cultural Disability Studies, Volume 11, Issue 3, 2017, pp. 339-356 (Article) Published by Liverpool University Press~ UTDD recut Lex VM AND precisely in its flight from understanding and intelligibility." (353-354) Voting affirmative engages in a heterotopic imagination of disability. This is a method of imagining disability differently outside of the current neoliberal conditions. The product is a figure of disability not as something to overcome but as a life worth living.Fritsch 3 ~Fritsch, Kelly Michelle. "The Neoliberal Biopolitics of Disability: Towards Emergent Intracorporeal Practices." Diss. York U, Toronto, 2015. YorkSpace Institutional Repository. York University, 16 Dec. 2015. Web.~ UTDD recut Lex VM AND disability is, how it is practiced, and what it can be. Underview1~ Ideal theory is ableist – ~A~ ignores material violence and the existence of semiocap in the external world which lets violence permeate ~B~ Ivory tower – theorizing about a world that will never exist due to structural problems in society is a form of futurism that leads to cruel optimism2~ Form over content distinction – ALM is true on a level of content, but its form is to exclude black, disabled etc. lives means regardless of the flow vote for us for confronting ableism.3~ Ideal theory lacks accountability, forgets the value to know the unknown, and contains generalizations that exclude material suffering – prefer an ethic of care which brings humility and provides the necessary empirical realities that stipulate the definitions of your idealized world.Kittay 09 Eva Feder Kittay is an American philosopher. She is Distinguished Professor of Philosophy (Emerita) at Stony Brook University ~Kittay, Eva Feder. "The Ethics of Philosophizing: Ideal Theory and the Exclusion of People with Severe Cognitive Disabilities." Feminist Ethics and Social and Political Philosophy: Theorizing the Non-Ideal, 2009, pp. 141–143.~ Lex AKo + Lex VM AND discoveries in a harmful fashion, that is not the pure scientist’s concern. | 11/20/21 |
NOVDEC -- AC -- IntuitionismTournament: Florida Blue Key Speech and Debate Tournament | Round: 4 | Opponent: Lake Highland Prep AB | Judge: Bhatnagar, Sanjana Overview~1~ The AFF will defend NEG preferences on specificity insofar as it doesn't require me to abandon my maxim. If there is a problem with the paradigmatic issues set, it would justify dropping them rather than the AFF in its entirety since they are logically a prerequisite to the round.~2~ Reject new paradigm issues or/and new theory interpretations in the 2nr (c) they get 2nr theory, we get 2ar theory to check back against infinite 2nr abuse, also means new 2nr responses leads to a 13-6 skew on offense and moot 4 mins of 1ar offense since its based on 1nc concessions. (d) you can read 6 minutes of 2nr interps and the 3-minute 2ar becomes impossible.~3~ Aff gets 1ar theory since the neg can be infinitely abusive, drop the debater, no rvi, competing interps, aff theory first (a) the 1ar is too short to win both theory and substance (b) deters people from making the mistake again (c) competing interps means the 2n can’t dump on a reasonability bright-line that excludes only what they did wrong (d) you shouldn’t win for being fair, otherwise you can’t resolve rounds when no one reads theory (e) good theory debaters will be as abusive as possible and auto-win. (f) it’s a much larger strategic loss because 1min is ¼ of the 1AR vs 1/7 of the 1NC which means there’s more abuse if I’m devoting a larger fraction of time, (g) the 2N has time to beat back my shell and win theirs, but it’s impossible for the 2AR to win 2 shells.~4~ if the 1nc decides to read tricks - neg a priori’s affirm – denying the assumptions of a statement proves it valid – the aff is a set of conditionals since the offense being true relies on the framework.FrameworkEthics must first start by defining good and bad because ethical answers rely on a correct interpretation of what they’re representing. Thus, a moral interpretation of ~a right to strike~ based on inherent characteristics is the only way to escape the problem of the naturalistic fallacy. One cannot substitute words in the place of good as for any property we identify with "goodness," agents can ask "Is that property itself good?" One can claim that pleasure is the highest intrinsic good, but the question can be asked, "But, is pleasure itself good" The fact that this question makes sense shows that "pleasure" and "goodness" are not identical. Thus, there is a distinction between natural and non-natural moral terms. Natural terms are externally encountered whereas the non-natural fails the test of physical cognition. Non-naturalism posits that moral properties like goodness are coherent but cannot be explained by natural terms. Therefore, the meta-ethic is moral non-naturalism.Hume, David. An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding (1772). Hackett Publ Co. 1993; Chapter on Cause and Effect. Massa AND and taking that for granted, which is the very point in question. Additionally, correlation does not disprove non-naturalism because it does not contend that there is no relationship between moral terms and natural terms. Instead terms such as rights and government cannot be reduced to a set of nonmoral features and interpreted as identical. Warranting a relationship further justifies the constraint since that intrinsically warrants a lack of identity and no neg combo shells since they destroy substantive debate because no matter how fair I am you can always find a violation and avoid clash.However, non-moral facts cannot conclude in moral reasons because of the gap between is and ought. We might observe that arsenic is poisonous, but then conclude that we ought not consume it, but the fact that these two premises are unrelated proves the ethical problem. Intuitively to weigh between RTPs would become regressive as it presupposes there is a higher metric to determine who has the better justifications means moral duty is sufficient to vote on our intuitions. Instead, a different mechanism is required to answer the question that lies outside the scope of the natural statement itself and furthers the gap by adding another moral premise.And, since moral properties cannot be defined by natural properties, it becomes impossible to externally distinguish good and bad and eval the debate after the 1ac since it prevents the neg from reading abusive args. Non-naturalism, however, does not deny the ability to internally recognize the good just like distinguishing between natural observations. When determining the differences between colors, we can look at one and identify it in the same way we look at goodness. There is no defining feature of morality like the color spectrum, rather we can identify it absent explanation through intuitions.That means non-naturalism prima facie justifies intuitionism as the only ethical theory that can guide action. The fallacy of Loki’s Wager is true because we know certain things are observationally relevant despite a clear articulation of what they are, just like I know the difference between red and blue. Thus, the standard is consistency with a priori moral intuitions.McMahan, Jeff ~http://www.philosophy.rutgers.edu/joomlatools-files/docman-files/Moral20Intuition202nd20edition.pdf~~ Massa AND moral intuition is necessarily elicited instantaneously, the way a sense perception is. This means adopting beliefs about the world are insufficient to make decisions consistent with them. Every system is inevitably hijacked or guided by intuitions which makes their faculty fundamentally inescapable.Prefer the standard additionally:First, rule following fails a) We can infinitely question why to follow that rule, as all rules will terminate at the assertion of some principle with no further justification b) Rule are arbitrary since the agent has the ability to formulate a unique understanding of them. It becomes impossible to say someone is violating a rule, since they can always perceive their actions as a non-violation. Intuitions solve since they don’t rely on external normative force. Also, we can weight the case anything else moots 6 mins of aff offense.Second, if we have the ability to not follow our intuitions, then that means that morality is non-motivational, and can’t guide action. Intuition is our internal motivation, so if morality can’t guide action then correctness and incorrectness don’t exist.Third, not following intuitions produces poor ontological understandings of the self, as we have ontological obligations to remain consistent with our way of being. Therefore, we a priori derive ontic obligations to reject moral standards that are devoid of our intuitions.Impact Calc:Moral intuitions can be rationally unsound. For example: Intuitions could justify the aff, but also justify util, which negates. In the case of contradictory maxims, err on specificity to the resolution. No general maxim is perfectly intuitive so only direct intuitions to the resolution explain a statement’s properties. Also, this merely proves the aff is a meta-ethical principle to the NC framework which means its offense functions as a hijack because the meta-ethic comes sequentially prior.ContentionI affirm: Resolved: A just government ought to recognize an unconditional right of workers to strike. Presumption and Permissibility affirms a) statements are more often true until proven false i.e. if I tell you my name is Vik you’ll believe that unless proven otherwise b) we couldn’t function or do anything in a world where everything was presumed false c) any action has to be permissible until prohibited.1~ Intuitively working is a choice – no right to strike would hinder that intuition through slavery.Croucher et al., 12 (Richard Croucher, Mark G. E. Kelly, and Lilian Miles, *Professor of Comparative Employment Relations and Director of Research at Middlesex University Business School, Associate Professor and ARC Future Fellow in the School of Humanities and Communication Arts at Western Sydney University in Australia, *Senior Fellow of the Higher Education Academy at University of Westminster, January 2012, accessed on 10-11-2021, Comparative Labor Law and Policy Journal, "A Rawlsian basis for core labor rights", https://www.researchgate.net/publication/236873894'A'Rawlsian'basis'for'core'labor'rights) D.Ying AND sign away our basic freedom to refuse to do any particular job.40 2~ It’s a priori intuitive – workers intuition is to avoid working at places that harm them or go against their needs – forcing them to work would run contrary to that.3~ Its unintuitive to have rights to freedom and bodily autonomy BUT prevent the autonomy to not work which is a contradiction and thus not a priori intuitive to force work4~ The offense can’t be turned – strikes are an omission of actionBenjamin 78 ~Walter Benjamin, On Violence, Reflections: Essays, Aphorisms, Autobiographical Writings ~Walter Bendix Schönflies Benjamin was a German Jewish philosopher, cultural critic and essayist~ AND strike was not "so intended," and take emerÂgency measures. | 10/30/21 |
NOVDEC -- AC -- Intuitionism v2Tournament: Apple Valley MinneApple Debate Tournament | Round: 6 | Opponent: Southlake Carroll SD | Judge: Joshi, Animesh Overview~1~ The AFF will defend NEG preferences on specificity insofar as it doesn't require me to abandon my maxim. If there is a problem with the paradigmatic issues set, it would justify dropping them rather than the AFF in its entirety since they are logically a prerequisite to the round.~2~ Reject new paradigm issues or/and new theory interpretations in the 2nr (a) judge intervention – judges have to insert intervention to see if the 2NR shells are true enough to o/w the 2ar CI (b) 6 min 2nr collapse can check back against 1ar abuse since we have to extend offense twice (c) they get 2nr theory, we get 2ar theory to check back against infinite 2nr abuse, also means new 2nr responses leads to a 13-6 skew on offense and moot 4 mins of 1ar offense since its based on 1nc concessions. (d) you can read 6 minutes of 2nr interps and the 3-minute 2ar becomes impossible.~3~ Aff gets 1ar theory since the neg can be infinitely abusive, drop the debater, no rvi, competing interps, aff theory first (a) the 1ar is too short to win both theory and substance (b) deters people from making the mistake again (c) competing interps means the 2n can’t dump on a reasonability bright-line that excludes only what they did wrong (d) you shouldn’t win for being fair, otherwise you can’t resolve rounds when no one reads theory (e) good theory debaters will be as abusive as possible and auto-win. (f) it’s a much larger strategic loss because 1min is ¼ of the 1AR vs 1/7 of the 1NC which means there’s more abuse if I’m devoting a larger fraction of time, (g) the 2N has time to beat back my shell and win theirs, but it’s impossible for the 2AR to win 2 shells.FrameworkEthics must first start by defining good and bad because ethical answers rely on a correct interpretation of what they’re representing. Thus, a moral interpretation of a right to strike based on inherent characteristics is the only way to escape the problem of the naturalistic fallacy. One cannot substitute words in the place of good as for any property we identify with "goodness," agents can ask "Is that property itself good?" One can claim that pleasure is the highest intrinsic good, but the question can be asked, "But, is pleasure itself good" The fact that this question makes sense shows that "pleasure" and "goodness" are not identical. Thus, there is a distinction between natural and non-natural moral terms. Natural terms are externally encountered whereas the non-natural fails the test of physical cognition. Non-naturalism posits that moral properties like goodness are coherent but cannot be explained by natural terms. Therefore, the meta-ethic is moral non-naturalism.Hume, David. An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding (1772). Hackett Publ Co. 1993; Chapter on Cause and Effect. Massa AND and taking that for granted, which is the very point in question. Additionally, correlation does not disprove non-naturalism because it does not contend that there is no relationship between moral terms and natural terms. Instead terms such as rights and government cannot be reduced to a set of nonmoral features and interpreted as identical. Warranting a relationship further justifies the constraint since that intrinsically warrants a lack of identity and no neg combo shells since they destroy substantive debate because no matter how fair I am you can always find a violation and avoid clash.However, non-moral facts cannot conclude in moral reasons because of the gap between is and ought. We might observe that arsenic is poisonous, but then conclude that we ought not consume it, but the fact that these two premises are unrelated proves the ethical problem.And, since moral properties cannot be defined by natural properties, it becomes impossible to externally distinguish good and bad. Non-naturalism, however, does not deny the ability to internally recognize the good just like distinguishing between natural observations. When determining the differences between colors, we can look at one and identify it in the same way we look at goodness. There is no defining feature of morality like the color spectrum, rather we can identify it absent explanation through intuitions.That means non-naturalism prima facie justifies intuitionism as the only ethical theory that can guide action. The fallacy of Loki’s Wager is true because we know certain things are observationally relevant despite a clear articulation of what they are, just like I know the difference between red and blue. Thus, the standard is consistency with a priori moral intuitions.McMahan, Jeff ~http://www.philosophy.rutgers.edu/joomlatools-files/docman-files/Moral20Intuition202nd20edition.pdf~~ Massa AND moral intuition is necessarily elicited instantaneously, the way a sense perception is. This means adopting beliefs about the world are insufficient to make decisions consistent with them. Every system is inevitably hijacked or guided by intuitions which makes their faculty fundamentally inescapable.Prefer the standard additionally:First, rule following fails a) We can infinitely question why to follow that rule, as all rules will terminate at the assertion of some principle with no further justification b) Rule are arbitrary since the agent can formulate a unique understanding of them. It becomes impossible to say someone is violating a rule, since they can always perceive their actions as a non-violation. Intuitions solve since they don’t rely on external normative force. Also, we can weight the case anything else moots 6 mins of aff offense.Second, if we cannot follow our intuitions, then that means that morality is non-motivational, and can’t guide action. Intuition is our internal motivation, so if morality can’t guide action, then correctness and incorrectness don’t exist.Third, not following intuitions produces poor ontological understandings of the self, as we have ontological obligations to remain consistent with our way of being. Therefore, we a priori derive ontic obligations to reject moral standards that are devoid of our intuitions.Fourth, intuitively to weigh between RTPs would become regressive as it presupposes there is a higher metric to determine who has the better justifications means moral duty is sufficient to vote on our intuitions. Instead, a different mechanism is required to answer the question that lies outside the scope of the natural statement itself and furthers the gap by adding another moral premise.Impact Calc:Moral intuitions can be rationally unsound. For example: Intuitions could justify the aff, but also justify util, which negates. In the case of contradictory maxims, err on specificity to the resolution. No general maxim is perfectly intuitive so only direct intuitions to the resolution explain a statement’s properties. Also, this merely proves the aff is a meta-ethical principle to the NC framework which means its offense functions as a hijack because the meta-ethic comes sequentially prior.ContentionI affirm: Resolved: A just government ought to recognize an unconditional right of workers to strike. Presumption and Permissibility affirms a) statements are more often true until proven false i.e. if I tell you my name is Vik you’ll believe that unless proven otherwise b) we couldn’t function or do anything in a world where everything was presumed false c) any action has to be permissible until prohibited.1~ Intuitively working is a choice – no right to strike would hinder that intuition through slavery.Croucher et al., 12 (Richard Croucher, Mark G. E. Kelly, and Lilian Miles, *Professor of Comparative Employment Relations and Director of Research at Middlesex University Business School, Associate Professor and ARC Future Fellow in the School of Humanities and Communication Arts at Western Sydney University in Australia, *Senior Fellow of the Higher Education Academy at University of Westminster, January 2012, accessed on 10-11-2021, Comparative Labor Law and Policy Journal, "A Rawlsian basis for core labor rights", https://www.researchgate.net/publication/236873894'A'Rawlsian'basis'for'core'labor'rights) D.Ying AND sign away our basic freedom to refuse to do any particular job.40 2~ It’s a priori intuitive – workers intuition is to avoid working at places that harm them or go against their needs – forcing them to work would run contrary to that.3~ Its unintuitive to have rights to freedom and bodily autonomy BUT prevent the autonomy to not work which is a contradiction and thus not a priori intuitive to force work4~ The offense can’t be turned – strikes are an omission of actionBenjamin 78 ~Walter Benjamin, On Violence, Reflections: Essays, Aphorisms, Autobiographical Writings ~Walter Bendix Schönflies Benjamin was a German Jewish philosopher, cultural critic and essayist~ AND strike was not "so intended," and take emerÂgency measures. | 11/6/21 |
NOVDEC -- AC -- M0nst3r0us Cr1pTournament: Glenbrooks Speech and Debate Tournament | Round: 3 | Opponent: Lake Highland Prep YA | Judge: Robinson, Tajaih Part 1 is the World StoryThe world is structured by Semiocapitalism — information is an infinite commodity that depends on the exploitation of our time and our collective brain power. Unproductive time for our leisure becomes replaced with measuring how we "spend" or "waste" our time - this is an economized view of time that hollows the subject into mere production.Bray 15 ~Bray K (2015) The monstrosity of the multitude: unredeeming radical theology. Palgrave Communications. 1:15030 doi: 10.1057/palcomms.2015.30.~ Lex VM + DD AND nature of the Time of Neoliberalism or, in Berardi’s terms, SemioCapitalism. Resisting semiocap requires a heuristic of unproductivity – our view of autonomy is not about overcoming alienation or the loss of subjectivity. Instead, we give up to unproductivity and expose the flipside of redefining wealth and time.Bray 2 ~Bray K (2015) The monstrosity of the multitude: unredeeming radical theology. Palgrave Communications. 1:15030 doi: 10.1057/palcomms.2015.30.~ Lex VM + DD AND to participate in the systems of production on offer by SemioCapitalism’s labour relations. Our heuristic of unproductivity is an adaptation to Hardt and Negris’ multitude. They see the multitude as an alternative to the capitalist Empire, but the multitude is still based on common productivity.Bray 3 ~Bray K (2015) The monstrosity of the multitude: unredeeming radical theology. Palgrave Communications. 1:15030 doi: 10.1057/palcomms.2015.30.~ Lex VM + DD AND , focusing instead on how that value gets determined, measured and compensated. By combining our understanding of unproductivity and multitude we are able to mobilize against Empire and drain out the system. The capitalist Empire is relational and requires the continuous exploitation of our time, making sure we’re always more productive. Only by turning towards unproductivity can we actualize Hardt and Negris multitude.Bray 4 ~Bray K (2015) The monstrosity of the multitude: unredeeming radical theology. Palgrave Communications. 1:15030 doi: 10.1057/palcomms.2015.30.~ Lex VM + DD AND to march at a uniform pace" (Berardi, 2011: 165). Therefore, the ROTB is to vote for the methodology that best engages in the unproductivity of the multitude.Part 2 is the StrikeThus, I defend the resolution Resolved: "A just government ought to recognize an unconditional right of workers to strike"We understand "A just government" as the multitude and "an unconditional right of workers to strike" as an intrinsic affirmation of our unproductivity.Giving up on your job is a form of antiwork politics that refuses to submit to the logic of productivity and economized time — instead of a slow death of productive labor, we slow down and redefine how we spend our time outside of merely just working forever.Bray 5 ~Bray K (2015) The monstrosity of the multitude: unredeeming radical theology. Palgrave Communications. 1:15030 doi: 10.1057/palcomms.2015.30.~ Lex VM + DD AND us to seek out more poetry than therapy. More complication than comfort. Part 3 is the Monstrous CripWe adopt this figure to explain how radical passivity as individual acts of unproductivity connect to a wider multitude — one not based on our common productivity but instead on our monstrous and unproductive deviance.Bray 6 ~Bray K (2015) The monstrosity of the multitude: unredeeming radical theology. Palgrave Communications. 1:15030 doi: 10.1057/palcomms.2015.30.~ Lex VM + DD AND need to be tamed, the wilfully bent take on a monstrous character. This does not reproduce a "common" and predictable monstrosity like the vampire that reproduces itself through infection. Instead, our monstrosity is defined by our very refusal to be a part of the whole.Bray 7 ~Bray K (2015) The monstrosity of the multitude: unredeeming radical theology. Palgrave Communications. 1:15030 doi: 10.1057/palcomms.2015.30.~ Lex VM + DD AND them possibilities for our own mon- strously unproductive lives?" (6) This concludes our story of the multitude — it is an assemblage of unproductivity and its commonality is its very disunity. This is a process of unbecoming army — an unbecoming of the social order based on our refusal to no longer produce.Bray 8 ~Bray K (2015) The monstrosity of the multitude: unredeeming radical theology. Palgrave Communications. 1:15030 doi: 10.1057/palcomms.2015.30.~ Lex VM + DD AND rather be sleeping than saved. I would rather be pleasured than productive. | 11/25/21 |
NOVDEC -- AC -- M0nst3r0us Cr1p v2Tournament: Glenbrooks Speech and Debate Tournament | Round: 6 | Opponent: Harker AR | Judge: Copeland, Morgan Part 1 is the World StoryThe world is structured by Semiocapitalism — information is an infinite commodity that depends on the exploitation of our time and our collective brain power. Unproductive time for our leisure becomes replaced with measuring how we "spend" or "waste" our time - this is an economized view of time that hollows the subject into mere production.Bray 15 ~Bray K (2015) The monstrosity of the multitude: unredeeming radical theology. Palgrave Communications. 1:15030 doi: 10.1057/palcomms.2015.30.~ Lex VM + DD AND nature of the Time of Neoliberalism or, in Berardi’s terms, SemioCapitalism. Resisting semiocap requires a heuristic of unproductivity instead of overcoming alienation or the loss of subjectivity.Bray 2 ~Bray K (2015) The monstrosity of the multitude: unredeeming radical theology. Palgrave Communications. 1:15030 doi: 10.1057/palcomms.2015.30.~ Lex VM + DD AND to participate in the systems of production on offer by SemioCapitalism’s labour relations. Our heuristic of unproductivity is an adaptation to Hardt and Negris’ multitude. They see the multitude as an alternative to the capitalist Empire, but the multitude is still based on common productivity.Bray 3 ~Bray K (2015) The monstrosity of the multitude: unredeeming radical theology. Palgrave Communications. 1:15030 doi: 10.1057/palcomms.2015.30.~ Lex VM + DD AND , focusing instead on how that value gets determined, measured and compensated. By combining our understanding of unproductivity and multitude we are able to mobilize against Empire and drain out the system. The capitalist Empire is relational and requires the continuous exploitation of our time, making sure we’re always more productive. Only by turning towards unproductivity can we actualize Hardt and Negris multitude.Bray 4 ~Bray K (2015) The monstrosity of the multitude: unredeeming radical theology. Palgrave Communications. 1:15030 doi: 10.1057/palcomms.2015.30.~ Lex VM + DD AND to march at a uniform pace" (Berardi, 2011: 165). Therefore, the ROTB is to vote for the methodology that best engages in the unproductivity of the multitude.Part 2 is the StrikeThus, I defend the resolution Resolved: "A just government ought to recognize an unconditional right of workers to strike"We understand "A just government" as the multitude and "an unconditional right of workers to strike" as an intrinsic affirmation of our unproductivity.Giving up on your job is a form of antiwork politics that refuses to submit to the logic of productivity and economized time, redefining how we spend our time outside of merely just working forever.Bray 5 ~Bray K (2015) The monstrosity of the multitude: unredeeming radical theology. Palgrave Communications. 1:15030 doi: 10.1057/palcomms.2015.30.~ Lex VM + DD AND us to seek out more poetry than therapy. More complication than comfort. Part 3 is the Monstrous CripWe adopt this figure to explain how radical passivity as individual acts of unproductivity connect to a wider multitude — one not based on our common productivity but instead on our monstrous and unproductive deviance.Bray 6 ~Bray K (2015) The monstrosity of the multitude: unredeeming radical theology. Palgrave Communications. 1:15030 doi: 10.1057/palcomms.2015.30.~ Lex VM + DD AND need to be tamed, the wilfully bent take on a monstrous character. This does not reproduce a "common" and predictable monstrosity like the vampire that reproduces itself through infection. Instead, our monstrosity is defined by our very refusal to be a part of the whole.Bray 7 ~Bray K (2015) The monstrosity of the multitude: unredeeming radical theology. Palgrave Communications. 1:15030 doi: 10.1057/palcomms.2015.30.~ Lex VM + DD AND them possibilities for our own mon- strously unproductive lives?" (6) This concludes our story of the multitude — it is an assemblage of unproductivity and its commonality is its very disunity. This is a process of unbecoming army — an unbecoming of the social order based on our refusal to no longer produce.Bray 8 ~Bray K (2015) The monstrosity of the multitude: unredeeming radical theology. Palgrave Communications. 1:15030 doi: 10.1057/palcomms.2015.30.~ Lex VM + DD AND rather be sleeping than saved. I would rather be pleasured than productive. | 11/25/21 |
NOVDEC -- AC -- M0nst3r0us Cr1p v3Tournament: Glenbrooks Speech and Debate Tournament | Round: 7 | Opponent: BASIS Peoria PY Phil1m0nst3r | Judge: Weston, Tate Part 1 is the World StoryThe world is structured by Semiocapitalism — information is an infinite commodity that depends on the exploitation of our time and our collective brain power. Unproductive time for our leisure becomes replaced with measuring how we "spend" or "waste" our time - this is an economized view of time that hollows the subject into mere production.Bray 15 ~Bray K (2015) The monstrosity of the multitude: unredeeming radical theology. Palgrave Communications. 1:15030 doi: 10.1057/palcomms.2015.30.~ Lex VM + DD AND nature of the Time of Neoliberalism or, in Berardi’s terms, SemioCapitalism. Resisting semiocap requires a heuristic of unproductivity instead of overcoming alienation or the loss of subjectivity.Bray 2 ~Bray K (2015) The monstrosity of the multitude: unredeeming radical theology. Palgrave Communications. 1:15030 doi: 10.1057/palcomms.2015.30.~ Lex VM + DD AND to participate in the systems of production on offer by SemioCapitalism’s labour relations. Our heuristic of unproductivity is an adaptation to Hardt and Negris’ multitude. They see the multitude as an alternative to the capitalist Empire, but the multitude is still based on common productivity.Bray 3 ~Bray K (2015) The monstrosity of the multitude: unredeeming radical theology. Palgrave Communications. 1:15030 doi: 10.1057/palcomms.2015.30.~ Lex VM + DD AND , focusing instead on how that value gets determined, measured and compensated. By combining our understanding of unproductivity and multitude we are able to mobilize against Empire and drain out the system. The capitalist Empire is relational and requires the continuous exploitation of our time, making sure we’re always more productive. Only by turning towards unproductivity can we actualize Hardt and Negris multitude.Bray 4 ~Bray K (2015) The monstrosity of the multitude: unredeeming radical theology. Palgrave Communications. 1:15030 doi: 10.1057/palcomms.2015.30.~ Lex VM + DD AND to march at a uniform pace" (Berardi, 2011: 165). Therefore, the ROTB is to vote for the methodology that best engages in the unproductivity of the multitude.Part 2 is the StrikeThus, I defend the resolution Resolved: "A just government ought to recognize an unconditional right of workers to strike"We understand "A just government" as the multitude and "an unconditional right of workers to strike" as an intrinsic affirmation of our unproductivity.Giving up on your job is a form of antiwork politics that refuses to submit to the logic of productivity and economized time, redefining how we spend our time outside of merely just working forever.Bray 5 ~Bray K (2015) The monstrosity of the multitude: unredeeming radical theology. Palgrave Communications. 1:15030 doi: 10.1057/palcomms.2015.30.~ Lex VM + DD AND us to seek out more poetry than therapy. More complication than comfort. Part 3 is the Monstrous CripWe adopt this figure to explain how radical passivity as individual acts of unproductivity connect to a wider multitude — one not based on our common productivity but instead on our monstrous and unproductive deviance.Bray 6 ~Bray K (2015) The monstrosity of the multitude: unredeeming radical theology. Palgrave Communications. 1:15030 doi: 10.1057/palcomms.2015.30.~ Lex VM + DD AND need to be tamed, the wilfully bent take on a monstrous character. This concludes our story of the multitude — it is an assemblage of unproductivity and its commonality is its very disunity. This is a process of unbecoming army — an unbecoming of the social order based on our refusal to no longer produce.Bray 8 ~Bray K (2015) The monstrosity of the multitude: unredeeming radical theology. Palgrave Communications. 1:15030 doi: 10.1057/palcomms.2015.30.~ Lex VM + DD AND rather be sleeping than saved. I would rather be pleasured than productive. Symbolic Death is the new normal and not a form of distortion.James 14, Robin. "From "no future" to "delete yourself (you have no chance to win)": Death, queerness, and the sound of neoliberalism." Journal of Popular Music Studies 25.4 (2014): 504-536. (Associate Professor of Philosophy at UNC Charlotte)Elmer AND "Into the Death," which hyper-intensifies biopolitical or metric regulation. | 11/25/21 |
SEPTOCT -- AC -- IntuitionismTournament: Yale University Invitational 2021 | Round: 2 | Opponent: Bronx Science KH | Judge: Tom, Neville Ethics must first start by defining good and bad because ethical answers rely on a correct interpretation of what they’re representing. Thus, a moral interpretation of ~intellectual property protections~ based on inherent characteristics is the only way to escape the problem of the naturalistic fallacy. One cannot substitute words in the place of good as for any property we identify with "goodness," agents can ask "Is that property itself good?" One can claim that pleasure is the highest intrinsic good, but the question can be asked, "But, is pleasure itself good" The fact that this question makes sense shows that "pleasure" and "goodness" are not identical. Thus, there is a distinction between natural and non-natural moral terms. Natural terms are externally encountered whereas the non-natural fails the test of physical cognition. Non-naturalism posits that moral properties like goodness are coherent but cannot be explained by natural terms. Therefore, the meta-ethic is moral non-naturalism.Hume, David. An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding (1772). Hackett Publ Co. 1993; Chapter on Cause and Effect. Massa AND and taking that for granted, which is the very point in question. Additionally, correlation does not disprove non-naturalism because it does not contend that there is no relationship between moral terms and natural terms. Instead terms such as member nations and property cannot be reduced to a set of nonmoral features and interpreted as identical. Warranting a relationship further justifies the constraint since that intrinsically warrants a lack of identity. However, non-moral facts cannot conclude in moral reasons because of the gap between is and ought. We might observe that arsenic is poisonous, but then conclude that we ought not consume it, but the fact that these two premises are unrelated proves the ethical problem. Instead, a different mechanism is required to answer the question that lies outside the scope of the natural statement itself and furthers the gap by adding another moral premise.And, since moral properties cannot be defined by natural properties, it becomes impossible to externally distinguish good and bad. Non-naturalism, however, does not deny the ability to internally recognize the good just like distinguishing between natural observations.That means non-naturalism prima facie justifies intuitionism as the only ethical theory that can guide action. The fallacy of Loki’s Wager is true because we know certain things are observationally relevant despite a clear articulation of what they are, just like I know the difference between red and blue.Thus, the standard is consistency with a priori moral intuitions.McMahan, Jeff ~http://www.philosophy.rutgers.edu/joomlatools-files/docman-files/Moral20Intuition202nd20edition.pdf~~ Massa AND moral intuition is necessarily elicited instantaneously, the way a sense perception is. This means adopting beliefs about the world are insufficient to make decisions consistent with them. Every system is inevitably hijacked or guided by intuitions which makes their faculty fundamentally inescapable.Prefer the standard additionally:First, rule following fails a) We can infinitely question why to follow that rule, as all rules will terminate at the assertion of some principle with no further justification b) Rule are arbitrary since the agent has the ability to formulate a unique understanding of them. It becomes impossible to say someone is violating a rule, since they can always perceive their actions as a non-violation. Intuitions solve since they don’t rely on external normative force.Second, if we have the ability to not follow our intuitions, then that means that morality is non-motivational, and can’t guide action. Intuition is our internal motivation, so if morality can’t guide action then correctness and incorrectness don’t exist.Third, not following intuitions produces poor ontological understandings of the self, as we have ontological obligations to remain consistent with our way of being. Therefore, we a priori derive ontic obligations to reject moral standards that are devoid of our intuitions.Impact Calc:First, frameworks all share equal value. Weighing between them becomes infinitely regressive as it presupposes there is a higher metric to determine who has the better justifications. That means contestation is vacuous which means a locus of moral duty is sufficient since it has an uncontested obligatory power.ContentionAltruism and fairness are a priori intuitive - brain and psychological studies across age ranges prove.Lucas, Margery. "FAIR GAME: THE INTUITIVE ECONOMICS OF RESOURCE EXCHANGE IN FOUR-YEAR OLDS." Journal of Social, Evolutionary, and Behavioral Psychology, 2008, citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.470.8506andrep=rep1andtype=pdf. Massa AND (Fehr and Gachter, 2002; de Quervain et al., 2004). That affirms – intrinsically reducing patents legally allows medicines to be developed by other countries and allows others to access it which links to altruism.Now, the neg must not contest the aff contention a) forces a more in-depth phil debate which is constitutive of LD which means it o/w b) some frameworks descriptively flow one way which means it’s harder to access offense – framework debate makes it a 1:1 burden.Intuitions flow innovation – medical tech can’t be privately owned. Agents recreating, redistributing, and remodeling is an intuitive transferal of ownership – brain studies prove.APS. (2010, August 17). An intuitive sense of property. Association for Psychological Science - APS. https://www.psychologicalscience.org/news/were-only-human/an-intuitive-sense-of-property.html Massa AND intuitive belief in squatters’ rights, replacing this sensibility with formal laws and regulations | 9/17/21 |
SEPTOCT -- AC -- Intuitionism v2Tournament: Yale University Invitational 2021 | Round: 4 | Opponent: Sam Barlow EL | Judge: Gastelu, Luke Ethics must first start by defining good and bad because ethical answers rely on a correct interpretation of what they’re representing. Thus, a moral interpretation of ~intellectual property protections~ based on inherent characteristics is the only way to escape the problem of the naturalistic fallacy. One cannot substitute words in the place of good as for any property we identify with "goodness," agents can ask "Is that property itself good?" One can claim that pleasure is the highest intrinsic good, but the question can be asked, "But, is pleasure itself good" The fact that this question makes sense shows that "pleasure" and "goodness" are not identical. Thus, there is a distinction between natural and non-natural moral terms. Natural terms are externally encountered whereas the non-natural fails the test of physical cognition. Non-naturalism posits that moral properties like goodness are coherent but cannot be explained by natural terms. Therefore, the meta-ethic is moral non-naturalism.Hume, David. An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding (1772). Hackett Publ Co. 1993; Chapter on Cause and Effect. Massa AND and taking that for granted, which is the very point in question. Additionally, correlation does not disprove non-naturalism because it does not contend that there is no relationship between moral terms and natural terms. Instead terms such as IPP and medicine cannot be reduced to a set of nonmoral features and interpreted as identical. Warranting a relationship further justifies the constraint since that intrinsically warrants a lack of identity. However, non-moral facts cannot conclude in moral reasons because of the gap between is and ought. We might observe that arsenic is poisonous, but then conclude that we ought not consume it, but the fact that these two premises are unrelated proves the ethical problem. Instead, a different mechanism is required to answer the question that lies outside the scope of the natural statement itself and furthers the gap by adding another moral premise. Intuitively if I’m textual I’m fair since the res is the only thing we are given before the round outweighs on predictability and the judge can only vote in the context of the res regardless if the round is unfair, since all theory just gets you back to substance.And, since moral properties cannot be defined by natural properties, it becomes impossible to externally distinguish good and bad. Non-naturalism, however, does not deny the ability to internally recognize the good just like distinguishing between natural observations. Also means, Reject neg meta-theory – I only have time to check abuse 1 time but you can do it in the nc and 2n, uplayering my attempt means we never get to the best norm.That means non-naturalism prima facie justifies intuitionism as the only ethical theory that can guide action. The fallacy of Loki’s Wager is true because we know certain things are observationally relevant despite a clear articulation of what they are, just like I know the difference between red and blue. Thus, the standard is consistency with a priori moral intuitions.McMahan, Jeff ~http://www.philosophy.rutgers.edu/joomlatools-files/docman-files/Moral20Intuition202nd20edition.pdf~~ Massa AND moral intuition is necessarily elicited instantaneously, the way a sense perception is. This means adopting beliefs about the world are insufficient to make decisions consistent with them. Every system is inevitably hijacked or guided by intuitions which makes their faculty fundamentally inescapable.Prefer the standard additionally:First, frameworks all share equal value. Weighing between them becomes infinitely regressive as it presupposes there is a higher metric to determine who has the better justifications. That means contestation is vacuous which means a locus of moral duty is sufficient since it has an uncontested obligatory power.ContentionI affirm: Resolved: The member nations of the World Trade Organization ought to reduce Intellectual Property Protections on medicines. Presumption and Permissibility affirms a) statements are more often true until proven false i.e. if I tell you my name is Vik you’ll believe that unless proven otherwise b) we couldn’t function or do anything in a world where everything was presumed false c) any action has to be permissible until prohibitedAltruism and fairness are a priori intuitive - brain and psychological studies across age ranges prove.Lucas, Margery. "FAIR GAME: THE INTUITIVE ECONOMICS OF RESOURCE EXCHANGE IN FOUR-YEAR OLDS." Journal of Social, Evolutionary, and Behavioral Psychology, 2008, citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.470.8506andrep=rep1andtype=pdf. Massa AND (Fehr and Gachter, 2002; de Quervain et al., 2004). That affirms – An intrinsic characteristic behind discussions of waivers is altruism – it’s the intention.Melimopoulos, E. (2021, June 29). Explainer: What are patent waivers for COVID vaccines? Breaking News, World News and Video from Al Jazeera. https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/6/29/explainer-what-are-covid-vaccine-patent-waivers AND on Wednesday, we take a look at the intensifying debate around waivers. And reducing patents allow other countries to develop vaccines and increase access to help those who need them.Now, the neg must not contest the aff contention a) forces a more in-depth phil debate which is constitutive of LD which means it o/w b) some frameworks descriptively flow one way which means it’s harder to access offense – framework debate makes it a 1:1 burden.Underview~1~ The AFF will defend NEG preferences on specificity insofar as it doesn't require me to abandon my maxim. If there is a problem with the paradigmatic issues set, it would justify dropping them rather than the AFF in its entirety since they are logically a prerequisite to the round. eval debate after the 1AC – key to preventing the 1N from spreading us out. Reject new paradigm issues or theory interpretations in the 2nr (a) judge intervention – judges have to insert intervention to see if the 2NR shells are true enough to o/w the 2ar CI (b) 6 min 2nr collapse can check back against 1ar abuse since we have to extend offense twice (c) they get 2nr theory, we get 2ar theory to check back against infinite 2nr abuse, also means new 2nr responses leads to a 13-6 skew on offense and moot 4 mins of 1ar offense since its based on 1nc concessions. (d) you can read 6 minutes of 2nr interps and the 3-minute 2ar becomes impossible. Eval theory after 1ar (a) both get 1 speech on theory (b) prevents 2nr collapse. Fairness first (a) every argument concedes the importance of fairness since you assume arguments would be evaluated fairly. Responses presume the debate hasn't already been evaluated. (b) Unfairness means the judge can hack against scholarships. Education is a voter – it’s reason why debate is funded.~2~ Aff gets 1ar theory since the neg can be infinitely abusive, drop the debater, no rvi, competing interps, aff theory first (a) the 1ar is too short to win both theory and substance (b) deters people from making the mistake again (c) competing interps means the 2n can’t dump on a reasonability bright-line that excludes only what they did wrong (d) you shouldn’t win for being fair, otherwise you can’t resolve rounds when no one reads theory (e) good theory debaters will be as abusive as possible and auto-win. (f) it’s a much larger strategic loss because 1min is ¼ of the 1AR vs 1/7 of the 1NC which means there’s more abuse if I’m devoting a larger fraction of time, (g) the 2N has time to beat back my shell and win theirs, but it’s impossible for the 2AR to win 2 shellsIntuitions flow innovation – medical tech can’t be privately owned. Agents recreating, redistributing, and remodeling is an intuitive transferal of ownership – brain studies prove.APS. (2010, August 17). An intuitive sense of property. Association for Psychological Science - APS. https://www.psychologicalscience.org/news/were-only-human/an-intuitive-sense-of-property.html Massa AND intuitive belief in squatters’ rights, replacing this sensibility with formal laws and regulations | 9/24/21 |
SEPTOCT -- AC -- Intuitionism v3Tournament: Yale University Invitational 2021 | Round: 5 | Opponent: American Heritage Broward EM | Judge: Thomas-McGinnis, Conal Overview~1~ The AFF will defend NEG preferences on specificity insofar as it doesn't require me to abandon my maxim. If there is a problem with the paradigmatic issues set, it would justify dropping them rather than the AFF in its entirety since they are logically a prerequisite to the round.~2~ Reject new paradigm issues or/and new theory interpretations in the 2nr (a) judge intervention – judges have to insert intervention to see if the 2NR shells are true enough to o/w the 2ar CI (b) 6 min 2nr collapse can check back against 1ar abuse since we have to extend offense twice (c) they get 2nr theory, we get 2ar theory to check back against infinite 2nr abuse, also means new 2nr responses leads to a 13-6 skew on offense and moot 4 mins of 1ar offense since its based on 1nc concessions. (d) you can read 6 minutes of 2nr interps and the 3-minute 2ar becomes impossible.~3~ Fairness first (a) every argument concedes the importance of fairness since you assume arguments would be evaluated fairly. Responses presume the debate hasn't already been evaluated. (b) Unfairness means the judge can hack against scholarships.~4~ Aff gets 1ar theory since the neg can be infinitely abusive.FrameworkEthics must first start by defining good and bad because ethical answers rely on a correct interpretation of what they’re representing. Thus, a moral interpretation of ~intellectual property protections~ based on inherent characteristics is the only way to escape the problem of the naturalistic fallacy. One cannot substitute words in the place of good as for any property we identify with "goodness," agents can ask "Is that property itself good?" One can claim that pleasure is the highest intrinsic good, but the question can be asked, "But, is pleasure itself good" The fact that this question makes sense shows that "pleasure" and "goodness" are not identical. Thus, there is a distinction between natural and non-natural moral terms. Natural terms are externally encountered whereas the non-natural fails the test of physical cognition. Non-naturalism posits that moral properties like goodness are coherent but cannot be explained by natural terms. Therefore, the meta-ethic is moral non-naturalism.Hume, David. An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding (1772). Hackett Publ Co. 1993; Chapter on Cause and Effect. Massa AND and taking that for granted, which is the very point in question. Additionally, correlation does not disprove non-naturalism because it does not contend that there is no relationship between moral terms and natural terms. Instead terms such as IPP and medicine cannot be reduced to a set of nonmoral features and interpreted as identical. Warranting a relationship further justifies the constraint since that intrinsically warrants a lack of identity. No combo shells, there are always more planks you can add to the shell and find a random justification for it. However, non-moral facts cannot conclude in moral reasons because of the gap between is and ought. We might observe that arsenic is poisonous, but then conclude that we ought not consume it, but the fact that these two premises are unrelated proves the ethical problem. Instead, a different mechanism is required to answer the question that lies outside the scope of the natural statement itself and furthers the gap by adding another moral premise. Intuitively if I’m textual I’m fair since the res is the only thing we are given before the round outweighs on predictability and the judge can only vote in the context of the res regardless if the round is unfair, since all theory just gets you back to substance.And, since moral properties cannot be defined by natural properties, it becomes impossible to externally distinguish good and bad. Non-naturalism, however, does not deny the ability to internally recognize the good just like distinguishing between natural observations. Also means, Reject neg meta-theory – I only have time to check abuse 1 time but you can do it in the nc and 2n, uplayering my attempt means we never get to the best norm.That means non-naturalism prima facie justifies intuitionism as the only ethical theory that can guide action. The fallacy of Loki’s Wager is true because we know certain things are observationally relevant despite a clear articulation of what they are, just like I know the difference between red and blue. Thus, the standard is consistency with a priori moral intuitions.McMahan, Jeff ~http://www.philosophy.rutgers.edu/joomlatools-files/docman-files/Moral20Intuition202nd20edition.pdf~~ Massa AND moral intuition is necessarily elicited instantaneously, the way a sense perception is. This means adopting beliefs about the world are insufficient to make decisions consistent with them. Every system is inevitably hijacked or guided by intuitions which makes their faculty fundamentally inescapable.Prefer the standard additionally:First, rule following fails a) We can infinitely question why to follow that rule, as all rules will terminate at the assertion of some principle with no further justification b) Rule are arbitrary since the agent has the ability to formulate a unique understanding of them. It becomes impossible to say someone is violating a rule, since they can always perceive their actions as a non-violation. Intuitions solve since they don’t rely on external normative force.Second, if we have the ability to not follow our intuitions, then that means that morality is non-motivational, and can’t guide action. Intuition is our internal motivation, so if morality can’t guide action then correctness and incorrectness don’t exist.Third, not following intuitions produces poor ontological understandings of the self, as we have ontological obligations to remain consistent with our way of being. Therefore, we a priori derive ontic obligations to reject moral standards that are devoid of our intuitions.Impact Calc:First, frameworks all share equal value. Weighing between them becomes infinitely regressive as it presupposes there is a higher metric to determine who has the better justifications. That means contestation is vacuous which means a locus of moral duty is sufficient since it has an uncontested obligatory power.Second, moral intuitions can be rationally unsound. For example: Intuitions could justify the aff, but also justify util, which negates. In the case of contradictory maxims, err on specificity to the resolution. No general maxim is perfectly intuitive so only direct intuitions to the resolution explain a statement’s properties. Also, this merely proves the aff is a meta-ethical principle to the NC framework which means its offense functions as a hijack because the meta-ethic comes sequentially prior.ContentionI affirm: Resolved: The member nations of the World Trade Organization ought to reduce Intellectual Property Protections on medicines. Presumption and Permissibility affirms a) statements are more often true until proven false i.e. if I tell you my name is Vik you’ll believe that unless proven otherwise b) we couldn’t function or do anything in a world where everything was presumed false c) any action has to be permissible until prohibited1~ Altruism and fairness are a priori intuitive - brain and psychological studies across age ranges prove.Lucas, Margery. "FAIR GAME: THE INTUITIVE ECONOMICS OF RESOURCE EXCHANGE IN FOUR-YEAR OLDS." Journal of Social, Evolutionary, and Behavioral Psychology, 2008, citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.470.8506andrep=rep1andtype=pdf. Massa AND (Fehr and Gachter, 2002; de Quervain et al., 2004). That affirms – An intrinsic characteristic behind discussions of waivers is altruism – it’s the intention.Melimopoulos, E. (2021, June 29). Explainer: What are patent waivers for COVID vaccines? Breaking News, World News and Video from Al Jazeera. https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/6/29/explainer-what-are-covid-vaccine-patent-waivers AND on Wednesday, we take a look at the intensifying debate around waivers. 2~ Reducing patents intrinsically allows other countries to develop vaccines and increase access to help those who need them which is consistent with altruism.3~ Now, the neg must not contest the aff contention a) forces a more in-depth phil debate which is constitutive of LD which means it o/w b) some frameworks descriptively flow one way which means it’s harder to access offense – framework debate makes it a 1:1 burden. – DTA.4~ Intuitions flow innovation – medical tech can’t be privately owned. Agents recreating, redistributing, and remodeling is an intuitive transferal of ownership – brain studies prove.APS. (2010, August 17). An intuitive sense of property. Association for Psychological Science - APS. https://www.psychologicalscience.org/news/were-only-human/an-intuitive-sense-of-property.html Massa AND intuitive belief in squatters’ rights, replacing this sensibility with formal laws and regulations | 9/24/21 |
SEPTOCT -- AC -- Intuitionism v4Tournament: Yale University Invitational 2021 | Round: Octas | Opponent: Lake Highland Prep PS | Judge: Thomas-McGinnis, Conal, Joshi, Animesh, Jiang, Devin Overview~1~ The AFF will defend NEG preferences on specificity insofar as it doesn't require me to abandon my maxim. If there is a problem with the paradigmatic issues set, it would justify dropping them rather than the AFF in its entirety since they are logically a prerequisite to the round.~2~ Reject new paradigm issues or/and new theory interpretations in the 2nr (a) judge intervention – judges have to insert intervention to see if the 2NR shells are true enough to o/w the 2ar CI (b) 6 min 2nr collapse can check back against 1ar abuse since we have to extend offense twice (c) they get 2nr theory, we get 2ar theory to check back against infinite 2nr abuse, also means new 2nr responses leads to a 13-6 skew on offense and moot 4 mins of 1ar offense since its based on 1nc concessions. (d) you can read 6 minutes of 2nr interps and the 3-minute 2ar becomes impossible.~3~ Aff gets 1ar theory since the neg can be infinitely abusive, drop the debater, no rvi, competing interps, aff theory first (a) the 1ar is too short to win both theory and substance (b) deters people from making the mistake again (c) competing interps means the 2n can’t dump on a reasonability bright-line that excludes only what they did wrong (d) you shouldn’t win for being fair, otherwise you can’t resolve rounds when no one reads theory (e) good theory debaters will be as abusive as possible and auto-win. (f) it’s a much larger strategic loss because 1min is ¼ of the 1AR vs 1/7 of the 1NC which means there’s more abuse if I’m devoting a larger fraction of time, (g) the 2N has time to beat back my shell and win theirs, but it’s impossible for the 2AR to win 2 shells.FrameworkEthics must first start by defining good and bad because ethical answers rely on a correct interpretation of what they’re representing. Thus, a moral interpretation of ~intellectual property protections~ based on inherent characteristics is the only way to escape the problem of the naturalistic fallacy. One cannot substitute words in the place of good as for any property we identify with "goodness," agents can ask "Is that property itself good?" One can claim that pleasure is the highest intrinsic good, but the question can be asked, "But, is pleasure itself good" The fact that this question makes sense shows that "pleasure" and "goodness" are not identical. Thus, there is a distinction between natural and non-natural moral terms. Natural terms are externally encountered whereas the non-natural fails the test of physical cognition. Non-naturalism posits that moral properties like goodness are coherent but cannot be explained by natural terms. Therefore, the meta-ethic is moral non-naturalism.Hume, David. An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding (1772). Hackett Publ Co. 1993; Chapter on Cause and Effect. Massa AND and taking that for granted, which is the very point in question. Additionally, correlation does not disprove non-naturalism because it does not contend that there is no relationship between moral terms and natural terms. Instead terms such as nukes and States cannot be reduced to a set of nonmoral features and interpreted as identical. Warranting a relationship further justifies the constraint since that intrinsically warrants a lack of identity. However, non-moral facts cannot conclude in moral reasons because of the gap between is and ought. We might observe that arsenic is poisonous, but then conclude that we ought not consume it, but the fact that these two premises are unrelated proves the ethical problem. Instead, a different mechanism is required to answer the question that lies outside the scope of the natural statement itself and furthers the gap by adding another moral premise.And, since moral properties cannot be defined by natural properties, it becomes impossible to externally distinguish good and bad. Non-naturalism, however, does not deny the ability to internally recognize the good just like distinguishing between natural observations. When determining the differences between colors, we can look at one and identify it in the same way we look at goodness. There is no defining feature of morality like the color spectrum, rather we can identify it absent explanation through intuitions.That means non-naturalism prima facie justifies intuitionism as the only ethical theory that can guide action. The fallacy of Loki’s Wager is true because we know certain things are observationally relevant despite a clear articulation of what they are, just like I know the difference between red and blue. Thus, the standard is consistency with a priori moral intuitions.McMahan, Jeff ~http://www.philosophy.rutgers.edu/joomlatools-files/docman-files/Moral20Intuition202nd20edition.pdf~~ Massa AND moral intuition is necessarily elicited instantaneously, the way a sense perception is. This means adopting beliefs about the world are insufficient to make decisions consistent with them. Every system is inevitably hijacked or guided by intuitions which makes their faculty fundamentally inescapable.Prefer the standard additionally:First, rule following fails a) We can infinitely question why to follow that rule, as all rules will terminate at the assertion of some principle with no further justification b) Rule are arbitrary since the agent has the ability to formulate a unique understanding of them. It becomes impossible to say someone is violating a rule, since they can always perceive their actions as a non-violation. Intuitions solve since they don’t rely on external normative force.Second, if we have the ability to not follow our intuitions, then that means that morality is non-motivational, and can’t guide action. Intuition is our internal motivation, so if morality can’t guide action then correctness and incorrectness don’t exist. Intuitively weighing between frameworks is regressive since is assumes a higher metric over whose justifications are better. Answering intuitions with another framework doesn’t deny an obligation.Third, not following intuitions produces poor ontological understandings of the self, as we have ontological obligations to remain consistent with our way of being. Therefore, we a priori derive ontic obligations to reject moral standards that are devoid of our intuitions.Impact Calc:Moral intuitions can be rationally unsound. For example: Intuitions could justify the aff, but also justify util, which negates. In the case of contradictory maxims, err on specificity to the resolution. No general maxim is perfectly intuitive so only direct intuitions to the resolution explain a statement’s properties. Also, this merely proves the aff is a meta-ethical principle to the NC framework which means its offense functions as a hijack because the meta-ethic comes sequentially prior.ContentionI affirm: Resolved: The member nations of the World Trade Organization ought to reduce Intellectual Property Protections on medicines. Presumption and Permissibility affirms a) statements are more often true until proven false i.e. if I tell you my name is Vik you’ll believe that unless proven otherwise b) we couldn’t function or do anything in a world where everything was presumed false c) any action has to be permissible until prohibited.Altruism and fairness are a priori intuitive - brain and psychological studies across age ranges prove.Lucas, Margery. "FAIR GAME: THE INTUITIVE ECONOMICS OF RESOURCE EXCHANGE IN FOUR-YEAR OLDS." Journal of Social, Evolutionary, and Behavioral Psychology, 2008, citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.470.8506andrep=rep1andtype=pdf. Massa AND (Fehr and Gachter, 2002; de Quervain et al., 2004). That affirms – An intrinsic characteristic behind discussions of waivers is altruism – it’s the intention.Melimopoulos, E. (2021, June 29). Explainer: What are patent waivers for COVID vaccines? Breaking News, World News and Video from Al Jazeera. https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/6/29/explainer-what-are-covid-vaccine-patent-waivers AND on Wednesday, we take a look at the intensifying debate around waivers. And reducing patents allow other countries to develop vaccines and increase access to help those who need them.Intuitions flow innovation – medical tech can’t be privately owned. Agents recreating, redistributing, and remodeling is an intuitive transferal of ownership – brain studies prove.APS. (2010, August 17). An intuitive sense of property. Association for Psychological Science - APS. https://www.psychologicalscience.org/news/were-only-human/an-intuitive-sense-of-property.html Massa AND intuitive belief in squatters’ rights, replacing this sensibility with formal laws and regulations | 9/20/21 |
SEPTOCT -- AC -- Intuitionism v5Tournament: Mid America Cup | Round: 2 | Opponent: Byram Hills EW | Judge: tanguturi, nikita Overview~1~ The AFF will defend NEG preferences on specificity insofar as it doesn't require me to abandon my maxim. If there is a problem with the paradigmatic issues set, it would justify dropping them rather than the AFF in its entirety since they are logically a prerequisite to the round.~2~ Reject new paradigm issues or/and new theory interpretations in the 2nr (a) judge intervention – judges have to insert intervention to see if the 2NR shells are true enough to o/w the 2ar CI (b) 6 min 2nr collapse can check back against 1ar abuse since we have to extend offense twice (c) they get 2nr theory, we get 2ar theory to check back against infinite 2nr abuse, also means new 2nr responses leads to a 13-6 skew on offense and moot 4 mins of 1ar offense since its based on 1nc concessions. (d) you can read 6 minutes of 2nr interps and the 3-minute 2ar becomes impossible.~3~ Fairness first (a) every argument concedes the importance of fairness since you assume arguments would be evaluated fairly. Responses presume the debate hasn't already been evaluated. (b) Unfairness means the judge can hack against scholarships.~4~ Aff gets 1ar theory since the neg can be infinitely abusive, drop the debater, no rvi, competing interps, aff theory first (a) the 1ar is too short to win both theory and substance (b) deters people from making the mistake again (c) competing interps means the 2n can’t dump on a reasonability bright-line that excludes only what they did wrong (d) you shouldn’t win for being fair, otherwise you can’t resolve rounds when no one reads theory (e) good theory debaters will be as abusive as possible and auto-win. (f) it’s a much larger strategic loss because 1min is ¼ of the 1AR vs 1/7 of the 1NC which means there’s more abuse if I’m devoting a larger fraction of time, (g) the 2N has time to beat back my shell and win theirs, but it’s impossible for the 2AR to win 2 shells.FrameworkEthics must first start by defining good and bad because ethical answers rely on a correct interpretation of what they’re representing. Thus, a moral interpretation of ~intellectual property protections~ based on inherent characteristics is the only way to escape the problem of the naturalistic fallacy. One cannot substitute words in the place of good as for any property we identify with "goodness," agents can ask "Is that property itself good?" One can claim that pleasure is the highest intrinsic good, but the question can be asked, "But, is pleasure itself good" The fact that this question makes sense shows that "pleasure" and "goodness" are not identical. Thus, there is a distinction between natural and non-natural moral terms. Natural terms are externally encountered whereas the non-natural fails the test of physical cognition. Non-naturalism posits that moral properties like goodness are coherent but cannot be explained by natural terms. Therefore, the meta-ethic is moral non-naturalism.Hume, David. An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding (1772). Hackett Publ Co. 1993; Chapter on Cause and Effect. Massa AND and taking that for granted, which is the very point in question. Additionally, correlation does not disprove non-naturalism because it does not contend that there is no relationship between moral terms and natural terms. Instead terms such as IPP and medicine cannot be reduced to a set of nonmoral features and interpreted as identical. Warranting a relationship further justifies the constraint since that intrinsically warrants a lack of identity. No combo shells, there are always more planks you can add to the shell and find a random justification for it. However, non-moral facts cannot conclude in moral reasons because of the gap between is and ought. We might observe that arsenic is poisonous, but then conclude that we ought not consume it, but the fact that these two premises are unrelated proves the ethical problem. Instead, a different mechanism is required to answer the question that lies outside the scope of the natural statement itself and furthers the gap by adding another moral premise. Intuitively if I’m textual I’m fair since the res is the only thing we are given before the round outweighs on predictability and the judge can only vote in the context of the res regardless if the round is unfair, since all theory just gets you back to substance.And, since moral properties cannot be defined by natural properties, it becomes impossible to externally distinguish good and bad. Non-naturalism, however, does not deny the ability to internally recognize the good just like distinguishing between natural observations. Also means, Reject neg meta-theory – I only have time to check abuse 1 time but you can do it in the nc and 2n, uplayering my attempt means we never get to the best norm.That means non-naturalism prima facie justifies intuitionism as the only ethical theory that can guide action. The fallacy of Loki’s Wager is true because we know certain things are observationally relevant despite a clear articulation of what they are, just like I know the difference between red and blue. Thus, the standard is consistency with a priori moral intuitions.McMahan, Jeff ~http://www.philosophy.rutgers.edu/joomlatools-files/docman-files/Moral20Intuition202nd20edition.pdf~~ Massa AND moral intuition is necessarily elicited instantaneously, the way a sense perception is. This means adopting beliefs about the world are insufficient to make decisions consistent with them. Every system is inevitably hijacked or guided by intuitions which makes their faculty fundamentally inescapable.Prefer the standard additionally:First, rule following fails a) We can infinitely question why to follow that rule, as all rules will terminate at the assertion of some principle with no further justification b) Rule are arbitrary since the agent has the ability to formulate a unique understanding of them. It becomes impossible to say someone is violating a rule, since they can always perceive their actions as a non-violation. Intuitions solve since they don’t rely on external normative force.Second, if we have the ability to not follow our intuitions, then that means that morality is non-motivational, and can’t guide action. Intuition is our internal motivation, so if morality can’t guide action then correctness and incorrectness don’t exist.Third, not following intuitions produces poor ontological understandings of the self, as we have ontological obligations to remain consistent with our way of being. Therefore, we a priori derive ontic obligations to reject moral standards that are devoid of our intuitions.Impact Calc:First, frameworks all share equal value. Weighing between them becomes infinitely regressive as it presupposes there is a higher metric to determine who has the better justifications. That means contestation is vacuous which means a locus of moral duty is sufficient since it has an uncontested obligatory power.Second, moral intuitions can be rationally unsound. For example: Intuitions could justify the aff, but also justify util, which negates. In the case of contradictory maxims, err on specificity to the resolution. No general maxim is perfectly intuitive so only direct intuitions to the resolution explain a statement’s properties. Also, this merely proves the aff is a meta-ethical principle to the NC framework which means its offense functions as a hijack because the meta-ethic comes sequentially prior.ContentionI affirm: Resolved: The member nations of the World Trade Organization ought to reduce Intellectual Property Protections on medicines. Presumption and Permissibility affirms a) statements are more often true until proven false i.e. if I tell you my name is Vik you’ll believe that unless proven otherwise b) we couldn’t function or do anything in a world where everything was presumed false c) any action has to be permissible until prohibited1~ Altruism and fairness are a priori intuitive - brain and psychological studies across age ranges prove.Lucas, Margery. "FAIR GAME: THE INTUITIVE ECONOMICS OF RESOURCE EXCHANGE IN FOUR-YEAR OLDS." Journal of Social, Evolutionary, and Behavioral Psychology, 2008, citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.470.8506andrep=rep1andtype=pdf. Massa AND (Fehr and Gachter, 2002; de Quervain et al., 2004). That affirms – An intrinsic characteristic behind discussions of waivers is altruism – it’s the intention.Melimopoulos, E. (2021, June 29). Explainer: What are patent waivers for COVID vaccines? Breaking News, World News and Video from Al Jazeera. https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/6/29/explainer-what-are-covid-vaccine-patent-waivers AND on Wednesday, we take a look at the intensifying debate around waivers. 2~ Reducing patents intrinsically allows other countries to develop vaccines and increase access to help those who need them which is consistent with altruism.3~ Now, the neg must not contest the aff contention a) forces a more in-depth phil debate which is constitutive of LD which means it o/w b) some frameworks descriptively flow one way which means it’s harder to access offense – framework debate makes it a 1:1 burden. – DTA.4~ Intuitions flow innovation – medical tech can’t be privately owned. Agents recreating, redistributing, and remodeling is an intuitive transferal of ownership – brain studies prove.APS. (2010, August 17). An intuitive sense of property. Association for Psychological Science - APS. https://www.psychologicalscience.org/news/were-only-human/an-intuitive-sense-of-property.html Massa AND intuitive belief in squatters’ rights, replacing this sensibility with formal laws and regulations | 9/25/21 |
SEPTOCT -- AC -- Inventive StepTournament: Mid America Cup | Round: 4 | Opponent: Strake Jesuit KS | Judge: Jasani, Aryan OverviewAff gets 1ar theory since the neg can be infinitely abusive, drop the debater, no rvi, competing interps (a) the 1ar is too short to win both theory and substance (b) deters people from making the mistake again (c) competing interps means the 2n can’t dump on a reasonability bright-line that excludes only what they did wrong (d) you shouldn’t win for being fair, otherwise you can’t resolve rounds when no one reads theory (e) good theory debaters will be as abusive as possible and auto-win.1AC – PlanPlan text: The Member Nations of the World Trade Organization ought to reduce intellectual property protections for medicines by raising the inventiveness standard.The new standard adds requirements for re-patenting medicines – forces companies to take less obvious steps.Christensen 20 ~Connor Christensen, "The Evergreen Forests of Insulin Patents", Awakenwfu, The Creative Journal of Contemporary Bioethics, 9-14-2020, https://awakenwfu.com/2020/09/14/the-evergreen-forests-of-insulin-patents/, accessed: 9-25-2021.~ CHSTM and Lex VM AND tangible that something of the same name can be depriving people of life. Reducing IPP for insulin boosts innovation, increases regulation and allows for competition.Hanson 20 ~Emily Hanson, The Economic Burdens of Life: Trade Secrecy and the Insulin Pricing Crisis in the United States, 27 J. INTELL. PROP. L. 251 (2020). Available at: https://digitalcommons.law.uga.edu/jipl/vol27/iss2/4~~ Lex VM AND of trade secrecy in the insulin market would likely help facilitate price reduction. Plan redirects revenue into innovation and reduces pricesNewsome 17, A ~(JD candidate George Washington School of Law). (2017). Side effects of evergreening may include decreased competition and increased prices in the pharmaceutical industry. AIPLA Quarterly Journal, 45(4), 791-822~ Justin recut Lex VM AND companies to enter the marketplace sooner and drive prices down through competition. 5 The advantage is high pricesWe control Uniqueness – 78 of New Drugs aren’t innovative.PFAD 21 Patients for Affordable Drugs 2-3-2021 "BIG PHARMA’S BIG LIE: THE TRUTH ABOUT INNOVATION and DRUG PRICES" https://patientsforaffordabledrugs.org/2021/02/03/innovation-report/ (a patient advocacy and lobbying organisation based in Washington, D.C. founded by David Mitchell who suffers from multiple myeloma. Ben Wakana is the executive director. It focuses on policies to lower drug prices.)Elmer Re-Highlighted Lex VM AND that delivers meaningful clinical benefit to patients — instead of repurposing old drugs. US insulin prices are skyrocketing – lifesaving drugs for patients with diabetes are becoming more unaffordable.Rajkumar 20 ~S. Vincent Rajkumar, "The High Cost of Insulin in the United States: An Urgent Call to Action," Mayo Clinic Proceedings, vol. 95, no. 1, Jan. 2020, pp. 22-28. Rajkumar, MD, is Consultant at the Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine at the Mayo Clinic.~ CHSTM recut Lex VM AND innovation when it comes to insulin; the more pressing need is affordability. Evergreening and patent stacking insulin delays generics which drastically raises prices.Christensen 20 ~Connor Christensen, "The Evergreen Forests of Insulin Patents", Awakenwfu, The Creative Journal of Contemporary Bioethics, 9-14-2020, https://awakenwfu.com/2020/09/14/the-evergreen-forests-of-insulin-patents/, accessed: 9-7-2021.~ CHSTM and Lex VM AND each small step in the lineage is deserving of patent protection.~26~ Biologics like insulin have complex structures that are unknown to follow-on makers – reducing IP is key.Hanson 20 ~Emily Hanson, The Economic Burdens of Life: Trade Secrecy and the Insulin Pricing Crisis in the United States, 27 J. INTELL. PROP. L. 251 (2020). Available at: https://digitalcommons.law.uga.edu/jipl/vol27/iss2/4~~ Lex VM AND Y is impossible to prove or disprove when Y’s identity is not known. COVID-19s effect on unemployment has caused a surge in diabetes related deaths in America.Terhune et al 8/12 ~Chad Terhune, Robin Respaut, Deborah J. Nelson, "Special Report-How the pandemic laid bare America's diabetes crisis", U.S., 8-12-2021, https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-diabetes-covid-specialreport/special-report-how-the-pandemic-laid-bare-americas-diabetes-crisis-idUSKBN2FD13Q, accessed: 9-9-2021.~ Lex VM AND more expensive pharmaceuticals is not going to cut it at a population level." Type 2 diabetes disproportionally affects black compared to white people.Hopkins 20 ~Tracy E., Hopkins, is an experienced lifestyle and health writer based in Brooklyn, New York. A graduate of Howard University, Tracy began her career at Heart and Soul, a Rodale Press health and fitness magazine for women of color. That’s where her interest in health reporting was sparked, and since that time, she has continued to write about health issues and share personal health stories that are particularly relevant to the African-American community. Tracy’s topics of interest include diabetes, cardiovascular disease and reproductive health issues. In addition to Everyday Health, she has contributed health features to Essence, Woman’s Day, Real Health, POZ and SheKnows.com. "Diabetes in Black Americans: How to Lower Your Risk", EverydayHealth, 7-24-2020, https://www.everydayhealth.com/type-2-diabetes/diet/diabetes-african-americans-how-lower-your-risk/, accessed: 9-15-2021.~ Lex VM AND leads to higher levels of the stress hormone cortisol or accelerated cellular aging." Insulin revenue goes to shareholders not RandD – means reducing protections wouldn’t affect innovation.Collington 20 ~Rosie Collington is a Junior Researcher with the Academic-Industry Research Network and MSc student at the University of Copenhagen. She has previously worked in health policy and advocacy at medical research and patient organizations in the UK., "Who Benefits When the Price of Insulin Soars?", Institute for New Economic Thinking, 4-16-2020, https://www.ineteconomics.org/perspectives/blog/who-benefits-when-the-price-of-insulin-soars, accessed: 9-9-2021.~ Lex VM AND a foundation of the Danish company’s long-term capital for future innovation. Framing – Standard is minimizing structural violence.First, pleasure and pain are intrinsically valuable. People consistently regard pleasure and pain as good reasons for action, despite the fact that pleasure doesn’t seem to be instrumentally valuable for anything.Moen 16 ~Ole Martin Moen, Research Fellow in Philosophy at University of Oslo "An Argument for Hedonism" Journal of Value Inquiry (Springer), 50 (2) 2016: 267–281~ SJDI AND places where we reach the end of the line in matters of value. Prioritize people who are alive today – intergenerational obligations are complicated by uncertainty and nonidentityVanderheiden 11 ~(Steve, Associate Professor of Political Science at the University of Colorado at Boulder) "Obligation to Future Generations," Encyclopedia of Global Justice, 2011~ DD AND Suppose, for example, that this generation was to embark upon a reckless program of environmental despoliation | 9/26/21 |
SEPTOCT -- AC -- KantTournament: Mid America Cup | Round: 5 | Opponent: American Heritage Broward MA | Judge: Brown, Grant The meta ethic is procedural moral realism or the idea that ethics are derived in the noumenal world absent accounting for human experiences.~1~ Uncertainty – experiences are locked within our own subjectivity and are inaccessible to others, however a priori principles are created in the noumenal world and are universally applied to all agents. Outweighs since founding ethics in the phenomenal world allows people to justify atrocities by saying they don’t experience the same.~2~ Is/Ought Gap – experience in the phenomenal world only tells us what is since we can only perceive what is, not what ought to be. But it’s impossible to derive an ought from descriptive premises, so there needs to be additional a priori premises within the noumenal world to make a moral theory.The existence of extrinsic goodness requires unconditional human worth—that means we must treat others as ends in themselves.Korsgaard ’83 (Christine M., "Two Distinctions in Goodness," The Philosophical Review Vol. 92, No. 2 (Apr., 1983), pp. 169-195, JSTOR) OS/Recut Lex AKu *brackets for gendered language AND -and, in general, to make the highest good our end. Practical reason is inescapable - Any moral rule faces the problem of regress – I can keep asking "why should I follow this." Regress collapses to skep since no one can generate obligations absent grounds for accepting them. Only reason solves since asking "why reason?" requires reason to do in the first place which concedes its authority.Reason means we must be able to universally will maxims— ~A~ our judgements are authoritative and can’t only apply to ourselves any more than 2+24 can be true only for me. ~B~ That allows others to impede on my ends==== This the standard is consistency with the categorical imperative.Other frameworks collapse—they contain conditional obligations which derive their authority from the categorical imperative.Korsgaard 98 ~CHRISTINE M. KORSGAARD, greatest philosopher alive, 1998, "Introduction", Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals~ AG Recut Lex AKu AND act on those principles, principles which are themselves laws. Kant continues: ContentionResolved: The member nations of the World Trade Organization ought to reduce intellectual property protections for medicines.1~ IP rights prevent certain people from receiving the fruits of their mental labor.Lindsey and Teles 17 ~Ricketts, M. (2018). The Captured Economy: How the Powerful Enrich Themselves, Slow Down Growth, and Increase Inequality by Brink Lindsey and Steven M. Teles. Oxford University Press (2017), 221 pp. ISBN: 978-0190627768 (hb, £16.99). Economic Affairs, 38(2), 297–300. doi:10.1111/ecaf.12299~Lex AKu recut Lex VM AND , a major source of economic stagnation and a tool for unjust enrichment. 2~ IP Rights hand partial control of others property to IP Creators.Kinsella 13 ~Kinsella S. (2013) The Case Against Intellectual Property. In: Luetge C. (eds) Handbook of the Philosophical Foundations of Business Ethics. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-1494-6'99~~//Lex AKu recut Lex VM *Brackets for Gendered Language* AND the trick. Further problems with natural-rights defenses are explored below. 3~ Justifying ownership based on creation is unjust.Kinsella 13 ~Kinsella S. (2013) The Case Against Intellectual Property. In: Luetge C. (eds) Handbook of the Philosophical Foundations of Business Ethics. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-1494-6'99~~//Lex AKu recut Lex VM AND unrewarded. The distinction is inherently vague, arbitrary, and unjust. 4~ Property rights for IP are unnecessary.Lindsey and Takash 19 ~Niskanen Center, "Why ‘Intellectual Property’ is a Misnomer", September 2019, Brink Lindsey Vice President for Policy Niskanen Center, Daniel Takash Regulatory Policy Fellow Niskanen Center, https://www.niskanencenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/LT'IPMisnomer-2-1.pdf~~//Lex AKu recut Lex VM AND over who can use and control scarce valuable resources. | 9/26/21 |
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