Lexington Kodumuru Aff
| Tournament | Round | Opponent | Judge | Cites | Round Report | Open Source | Edit/Delete |
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| Berhe Invitational | 2 | bruh | bruh |
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| Berhe Invitational | 3 | bruh | bruh |
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| Berhe Invitational | 4 | bruh | bruh |
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| Berhe Invitational | 1 | bruh | bruh |
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| Berhe Invitational | 1 | bruh | bruh |
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| Columbia | 2 | Bronx Science VT | David Wrone |
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| Columbia | 4 | Mission San Jose AA | Paresh Chauhan |
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| Columbia | 6 | San Mateo YR | Peter Floyd |
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| Mid America Cup | 2 | Woodrow Wilson | Sophie Reeves |
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| Mid America Cup | 4 | American Heritage Broward NR | Breigh Plat |
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| Mid America Cup | 5 | Carnegie Vanguard SR | Grant Brown |
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| Mid America Cup | Doubles | Sequoia AS | Grant Brown, Lisa Boulais, James Stuckert |
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| Sunvite | 2 | King CP | Grant Brown |
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| Sunvite | 4 | Durham JH | Donny Peters |
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| Sunvite | Octas | Lake Highland Prep AV | Josh Gavsie, Mathew Doggett, Abhilash Datti |
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| Sunvite | 6 | Cardinal Gibbons RS | Jacob Nails |
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| Sunvite | Quarters | American Heritage Broward EM | Grant Brown, Bennet Dombcik, Becca Traber |
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| Yale | 1 | Edgemont Junior-Senior AJ | Jacob Nails |
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| Yale | 3 | Memorial BD | Abhilash Datti |
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| Yale | 5 | Bronx Science NK | Curtis Chang |
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| Yale | Doubles | Academy Of Classical Christian Studies JM | Anthony Survance, Neville Tom, Tajaih Robinson |
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| Tournament | Round | Report |
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| Berhe Invitational | 2 | Opponent: bruh | Judge: bruh bruh |
| Berhe Invitational | 3 | Opponent: bruh | Judge: bruh bruh |
| Berhe Invitational | 4 | Opponent: bruh | Judge: bruh bruh |
| Berhe Invitational | 1 | Opponent: bruh | Judge: bruh bruh |
| Berhe Invitational | 1 | Opponent: bruh | Judge: bruh bruh |
| Columbia | 2 | Opponent: Bronx Science VT | Judge: David Wrone 1AC - Moon Treaty V4 |
| Columbia | 4 | Opponent: Mission San Jose AA | Judge: Paresh Chauhan 1AC - Moon Treaty v4 |
| Columbia | 6 | Opponent: San Mateo YR | Judge: Peter Floyd 1AC - Moon Treaty v4 |
| Mid America Cup | 2 | Opponent: Woodrow Wilson | Judge: Sophie Reeves 1AC - Kant |
| Mid America Cup | 4 | Opponent: American Heritage Broward NR | Judge: Breigh Plat 1AC - COVID V4 |
| Mid America Cup | 5 | Opponent: Carnegie Vanguard SR | Judge: Grant Brown 1AC - Kant Converse Theory V3 |
| Mid America Cup | Doubles | Opponent: Sequoia AS | Judge: Grant Brown, Lisa Boulais, James Stuckert 1AC - Kant V4 |
| Sunvite | 2 | Opponent: King CP | Judge: Grant Brown 1AC - Moon Treaty |
| Sunvite | 4 | Opponent: Durham JH | Judge: Donny Peters 1AC - Moon Treaty v2 |
| Sunvite | Octas | Opponent: Lake Highland Prep AV | Judge: Josh Gavsie, Mathew Doggett, Abhilash Datti 1AC - Moon Treaty v2 |
| Sunvite | 6 | Opponent: Cardinal Gibbons RS | Judge: Jacob Nails 1AC - Moon Treaty v2 |
| Sunvite | Quarters | Opponent: American Heritage Broward EM | Judge: Grant Brown, Bennet Dombcik, Becca Traber 1AC - Moon Treaty v3 OS |
| Yale | 1 | Opponent: Edgemont Junior-Senior AJ | Judge: Jacob Nails 1AC - COVID |
| Yale | 3 | Opponent: Memorial BD | Judge: Abhilash Datti 1AC - COVID V2 |
| Yale | 5 | Opponent: Bronx Science NK | Judge: Curtis Chang 1AC - Kant RR |
| Yale | Doubles | Opponent: Academy Of Classical Christian Studies JM | Judge: Anthony Survance, Neville Tom, Tajaih Robinson 1AC - COVID V3 converse theory |
To modify or delete round reports, edit the associated round.
Cites
| Entry | Date |
|---|---|
00 - ContactTournament: Berhe Invitational | Round: 1 | Opponent: bruh | Judge: bruh Contacts -- | 1/8/22 |
00 - Content WarningsTournament: Berhe Invitational | Round: 2 | Opponent: bruh | Judge: bruh Please don't read arguments about suicide or death good | 9/4/21 |
00 - DisclosureTournament: Berhe Invitational | Round: 3 | Opponent: bruh | Judge: bruh Interpretation: Debaters must disclose round reports on the 2020-2021 NDCA LD wiki for every round. Round reports disclose which positions (AC, NC, K, T, Theory, etc.) were read/gone for in every speech. Interpretation: Debaters must disclose all constructive positions in cite boxes on the 2020-2021 NDCA LD wiki. To clarify, they can’t say check open source. Interpretation: For each position on their corresponding 2020-2021 NDCA LD wiki page, debaters must disclose a summary of each analytic argument in their cases. To clarify – you don’t have to include the full text of each, you just have to substitute them with a few words that summarize the thesis of the argument i.e. ‘actor specificity’ rather than ‘analytic’. Interpretation: If debaters disclose full text, they must not post the full text of the cards in the cite box but must upload an open source document with the full text of their cards on the 2020-2021 NDCA LD wiki. To clarify, you don’t have to disclose highlighting or underlining, you just need an open source document with minimally the full, un-underlined text of cards. Interpretation: Debaters must create a separate citation for each constructive position on their 2020-2021 NDCA LD wiki page. To clarify, you can't make cite entries labeled by round like "R1 Yale NC" or put multiple under one heading. Interpretation: The affirmative must, upon (the release of tournament pairings/flipping for sides), tell the negative what specific affirmative position they will be reading, within ten minutes. | 9/4/21 |
00 - NavigationTournament: Berhe Invitational | Round: 4 | Opponent: bruh | Judge: bruh | 9/4/21 |
01 - AFCTournament: Mid America Cup | Round: 2 | Opponent: Woodrow Wilson | Judge: Sophie Reeves | 9/25/21 |
01 - AFC v2Tournament: Sunvite | Round: 2 | Opponent: King CP | Judge: Grant Brown Interpretation: The negative must concede the affirmatives framework if they read turns because it proves they had ground1~ Inclusion – allows the debate to focus meaning novices and lay debaters can collapse more efficiently for ground in debate – inclusion is a voter – need to be included to reach any other impacts.2~ Strat Skew – shifting the burden structure in the 1N nullifies 6 minutes of the AC and forces me to restart the debate, abuse is magnified because 7-4 1AR time skew, also they restart the debate under a new framework, so they have a 13/7 advantage.Rest Extempt | 1/8/22 |
01 - Converse TheoryTournament: Yale | Round: 5 | Opponent: Bronx Science NK | Judge: Curtis Chang ~4~ The neg must fairly prove the truth of the statement "the member nations of the WTO ought to reduce IPP on medicines." To clarify, other than theory, all negative arguments must prove the truth of the statement.A~ Research – proving the converse means they have to actively search out reasons the plan is a bad idea—their model ensures that they never have to research different topics or do prep since it gives them an infinite number of objections | 9/18/21 |
01 - Converse Theory V2Tournament: Yale | Round: Doubles | Opponent: Academy Of Classical Christian Studies JM | Judge: Anthony Survance, Neville Tom, Tajaih Robinson | 9/19/21 |
01 - Converse Theory V3Tournament: Mid America Cup | Round: 5 | Opponent: Carnegie Vanguard SR | Judge: Grant Brown | 9/26/21 |
01 - Converse Theory V4Tournament: Sunvite | Round: 2 | Opponent: King CP | Judge: Grant Brown 2~ Interpretation—the neg must fairly prove the truth of the statement "the appropriation of outer space by private entities is just." To clarify, other than theory, all negative arguments must prove the truth of the statement.A~ Research – proving the converse means they have to actively search out reasons the plan is a bad idea—their model ensures that they never have to research different topics or do prep since it gives them an infinite number of objectionsB~ Strat skew—2 warrants – 1, you get variable ground if not bound by the rez—means you have access to more layers since I have a truth burden and you don't, 2, you can moot 6 minutes of the 1ac by shifting the debate to a separate layer that the aff doesn't interact withC~ Drop the debater on 1ac theory—-they have the opportunity to meet my interp and my interp gives them plenty of ground-means that the benefits of drop the arg are non-unique and only I rectify the skew of you being able to choose either to agree to debate under the aff framing OR contest it – No RVI on 1ac theory that has a pre-emptive violation—they would have 7 minutes to answer a minute-long shell and the debate would end right there—the entire 1ac cant be the shell because then they could just choose not to violate it | 1/8/22 |
01 - Dispo BadTournament: Yale | Round: 1 | Opponent: Edgemont Junior-Senior AJ | Judge: Jacob Nails | 9/18/21 |
01 - Multiple Shells BadTournament: Yale | Round: 3 | Opponent: Memorial BD | Judge: Abhilash Datti | 9/18/21 |
01 - Multiple Shells Bad V2Tournament: Yale | Round: Doubles | Opponent: Academy Of Classical Christian Studies JM | Judge: Anthony Survance, Neville Tom, Tajaih Robinson | 9/19/21 |
01 - Open SourceTournament: Sunvite | Round: Quarters | Opponent: American Heritage Broward EM | Judge: Grant Brown, Bennet Dombcik, Becca Traber | 1/9/22 |
01 - Round ReportsTournament: Yale | Round: 5 | Opponent: Bronx Science NK | Judge: Curtis Chang ~5~ Interp: Debaters must disclose complete round reports on the 2021-2022 NDCA LD wiki 30 minutes after every round and speech they have debated this season.Violation: screenshot in the doc – they have none
Standards:~1~ Level Playing Field – big schools can go around and scout and collect flows but independents are left in the dark so round reports are key for them to prep- they give you an idea of overall what layers debaters like going for so you can best prepare your strategy when you hit them. Accessibility first and independent voter – it's an impact multiplier~2~ Strategy Education – round reports help novices understand the context in which positions are read by good debaters and help with brainstorming potential 1NCs vs affs – helps compensate for kids who can't afford coaches to prep out affs.Competing Interps over reasonability –a) Arbitrary – reasonability invites judge intervention since we don't know your bs meter o/w since judges can vote on things like race which is exclusionaryb) Collapses – reasonability collapses to competing interps – you justify two brightlines in an offense defense manner like two interpsFrameworks all share equal value. Weighing between them becomes infinitely regressive as it presupposes there is a higher metric to determine who has the better justifications. That means contestation is vacuous which means a locus of moral duty is sufficient since it has an uncontested obligatory power.c) Jurisdiction – even a marginal skew impairs ability to determine the better debater and only competing interps determines that via offense defense – o/w judge evals the round at the end of the debateDTD – DTA doesn't make sense its an out of round violation and No RVI on 1ac theory – they have 7 minutes to answer a minute-long shell and the debate would just end | 9/18/21 |
01 - T No RVI BadTournament: Mid America Cup | Round: 4 | Opponent: American Heritage Broward NR | Judge: Breigh Plat Interpretation- The negative may not claim topicality is a prior question to theory and that the aff doesn't get an RVI on TViolation: You didThe standard is Strat Skew A. Makes T a no risk issue – we don't get the RVI so the 1AR is forced to cover both T and substance, whereas the 2NR will just sit on whatever we undercover B. We can't contest the truth of their T shell if they read it without an RVI- it's a voting issue for them but isn't sufficient for us and time skew hurts our answer capability C. 1AR theory doesn't solve in this instance and bolsters the abuse because the aff is always playing catchup compared to a 1N ahead on T | 9/26/21 |
JF - AC - Moon TreatyTournament: Sunvite | Round: 2 | Opponent: King CP | Judge: Grant Brown 1AC1AC – Generic1AC – InherencyPrivate space mining and ownership allowed nowWilliams 20 ~(Matt Williams, Reporter) "Trump signs an executive order allowing mining the moon and asteroids," Phys Org, April 13, 2020, https://phys.org/news/2020-04-trump-moon-asteroids.html~~ TDI New investments coming and companies are launching – economic incentives make it alluringTosar 20 ~(Borja Tosar, reporter) "Asteroid Mining: A New Space Race," OpenMind BBVA, May 18, 2020, https://www.bbvaopenmind.com/en/science/physics/asteroid-mining-a-new-space-race/~~ TDI Entrepreneurs are pushing for privatization of space travel with increasing success.Thompson 20 ~(Clive, author of Coders: The Making of a New Tribe and the Remaking of the World, a columnist for Wired magazine, and a contributing writer to The New York Times Magazine) "Monetizing the Final Frontier The strange new push for space privatization," December 3, 2020 https://newrepublic.com/article/160303/monetizing-final-frontier~~ TDI ADV 1 – RussiaAdvantage 1 is Putin Gone MadDeep space exploration is a shared goal that prevents escalation of US-Russia tensions. But privatization threatens it independent of our other internal linksCSIS 18 ~(Center for Strategic and International Studies), "Why Human Space Exploration Matters," August 21, 2018 https://www.csis.org/blogs/post-soviet-post/space-cooperation~~ TDI It's make or break for the relationship—Ukraine, decline of US moral authority on international affairs puts us at the brink of the end of Russian diplomacy and even warWeir 21 ~(Fred Weir has been the Monitor's Moscow correspondent, covering Russia and the former Soviet Union, since 1998. He's traveled over much of that vast territory, reporting on stories ranging from Russia's financial crash to the war in Chechnya, creeping Islamization in central Asia, Russia's demographic crisis, the rise of Vladimir Putin and his repeated returns to the Kremlin, and the ups and downs of US-Russia relations). "Worse than the Cold War? US-Russia relations hit new low." Christian Science Monitor 4-20-2021 https://www.csmonitor.com/World/Europe/2021/0420/Worse-than-the-Cold-War-US-Russia-relations-hit-new-low~~ TDI Space weapons heighten potential for escalation and make perceptions of US-Russia space conflict key.Alexey Arbatov et al, head of the Center for International Security at the Primakov National Research Institute of World Economy and International Relations, Major General Vladimir Dvorkin, a principal researcher at the Center for International Security at the Primakov National Research Institute of World Economy and International Relations and Peter Topychkanov, fellow at the Carnegie Moscow Center's Nonproliferation Program, '17 "Russian And Chinese Perspectives On Non-Nuclear Weapons And Nuclear Risks" Carnegie Endowment for International Peace Publications, https://www.russiamatters.org/sites/default/files/media/files/Entanglement_interior_FNL.pdf It's existential.Cotton-Barratt 17 Owen Cotton-Barratt 17. PhD in Pure Mathematics, Oxford, Lecturer in Mathematics at Oxford, Research Associate at the Future of Humanity Institute. 2-3-2017. "Existential Risk: Diplomacy and Governance." https://www.fhi.ox.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/Existential-Risks-2017-01-23.pdf ADV 2 – DebrisAdvantage 2 is DebrisAsteroid mining spikes the risk of satellite-dust collisionsScoles 15 ~(Sarah Scoles, freelance science writer, contributor at Wired and Popular Science, author of the books Making Contact and They Are Already Here) "Dust from asteroid mining spells danger for satellites," New Scientist, May 27, 2015, https://www.newscientist.com/article/mg22630235-100-dust-from-asteroid-mining-spells-danger-for-satellites/~~ TDI Space dust wrecks satellites and debris exponentially spiralsIntagliata 17 ~(Christopher Intagliata, MA Journalism from NYU, Editor for NPRs All Things Considered, Reporter/Host for Scientific American's 60 Second Science) "The Sneaky Danger of Space Dust," Scientific American, May 11, 2017, https://www.scientificamerican.com/podcast/episode/the-sneaky-danger-of-space-dust/~~ TDI Scenario 1 is ClimateEarth observation satellites key to warming adaptationAlonso 18 ~(Elisa Jiménez Alonso, communications consultant with Acclimatise, climate resilience organization) "Earth Observation of Increasing Importance for Climate Change Adaptation," Acclimatise, May 2, 2018, https://www.acclimatise.uk.com/2018/05/02/earth-observation-of-increasing-importance-for-climate-change-adaptation/~~ TDI Warming causes extinction.Klein 14 ~(Naomi Klein, award-winning journalist, syndicated columnist, former Miliband Fellow at the London School of Economics, member of the board of directors of 350.org), This Changes Everything: Capitalism vs. the Climate, pp. 12-14~ Scenario 2 is MiscalcEarly warning satellites going dark signals attacks – causes miscalc and goes nuclearKessler Syndrome — refers to a critical point wherein the density of space junk grows so large that a single collision could set off a domino effect of increasingly more collisions. Nuke war causes extinction – it won't stay limitedEdwards 17 ~(Paul N. Edwards, CISAC's William J. Perry Fellow in International Security at Stanford's Freeman Spogli Institute for International Studies. Being interviewed by EarthSky/card is only parts of the interview directly from Paul Edwards.) "How nuclear war would affect Earth's climate," EarthSky, September 8, 2017, earthsky.org/human-world/how-nuclear-war-would-affect-earths-climate~ TDI 1AC – PlanThus, the plan – States ought to ratify the moon treatyMallick and Rajagopalan 19 ~(Senjuti Mallick, graduated from ILS Law College, Pune, in 2016. She was a Law Researcher at the High Court of Delhi from 2016 to 2018 and is currently pursuing LL.M in International Law at The Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy, USA. She has been doing research on Outer Space Law since she was a student at ILS. Presently, she is working on different aspects of Space Law, in particular, Space debris mitigation and removal, and the law of the commons. She has published articles on Space Law in the All India Reporter Law Journal and The Hindu.)( Dr Rajeswari (Raji) Pillai Rajagopalan is the Director of the Centre for Security, Strategy and Technology (CSST) at the Observer Research Foundation, New Delhi. Dr Rajagopalan was the Technical Advisor to the United Nations Group of Governmental Experts (GGE) on Prevention of Arms Race in Outer Space (PAROS) (July 2018-July 2019). She was also a Non-Resident Indo-Pacific Fellow at the Perth USAsia Centre from April-December 2020. As a senior Asia defence writer for The Diplomat, she writes a weekly column on Asian strategic issues.) "If space is 'the province of mankind', who owns its resources?" Occasional Papers, January 24, 2019, https://www.orfonline.org/research/if-space-is-the-province-of-mankind-who-owns-its-resources-47561/~~ TDI 1AC – FramingThe Standard is Maximizing Expected Wellbeing – Act Hedonistic Util~1~ Extinction first as only a reason to prefer util –a) Turns suffering – mass death causes suffering because people can't get access to resources and basic necessitiesb) Moral uncertaintyBostrom 12 ~(Nick Bostrom, Faculty of Philosophy and Oxford Martin School University of Oxford) "Existential Risk Prevention as Global Priority." Global Policy, 2012~ TDI ~2~ Actor specificity –a) Governments must aggregate since every policy benefit some and harms others, which also means side constraints freeze action.b) No act omission distinction – choosing to omit is an act itself so people psychologically decide not to act.c) If we foresee a consequence, then it becomes part of our deliberation which makes it intrinsic to our action since we intend it to happen.Actor-specificity comes first since different agents have different ethical standings. Takes out util calc indicts since they're empirically denied, and link turns them because the alt would be no action.~3~ Degrees of wrongness – Looking at the consequences is the only way to tell that murdering someone is way worse than stealing their pencil.~4~ Ground – Both debaters have ground to engage under util if something has an if it has an external benefit – Aff gets plans, while Neg gets DAs and counterplans. Other fwrks deny 1 side engagement on link and impact level. TJFs outweighs because concerns fairness – outweighs all args concede valid of fairness.~5~ Pleasure and pain are the starting point for moral reasoning.Moen 16, Ole Martin (PhD, Research Fellow in Philosophy at University of Oslo). "An Argument for Hedonism." Journal of Value Inquiry 50.2 (2016): 267. SM | 1/8/22 |
JF - AC - Moon Treaty V2Tournament: Sunvite | Round: 6 | Opponent: Cardinal Gibbons RS | Judge: Jacob Nails | 1/9/22 |
JF - AC - Moon Treaty V3Tournament: Sunvite | Round: Quarters | Opponent: American Heritage Broward EM | Judge: Grant Brown, Bennet Dombcik, Becca Traber | 1/9/22 |
JF - AC - Moon Treaty V4Tournament: Columbia | Round: 2 | Opponent: Bronx Science VT | Judge: David Wrone | 1/29/22 |
SO - AC - COVIDTournament: Yale | Round: 1 | Opponent: Edgemont Junior-Senior AJ | Judge: Jacob Nails Yale R11AC1AC1AC – WTO CredibilityAdvantage 1 is WTO Credibility.The WTO is on track to push for reform but is hindered by lack of vaccine agreement.Baschuk 4-27. ~(Bryce Baschuk is a Bloomberg Reporter) "WTO Chief Pursues a 'Hectic' Agenda to Fix World Trade's Referee," Bloomberg, April 27, 2021. https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2021-04-27/wto-chief-pursues-a-hectic-agenda-to-fix-world-trade-s-referee~~ TDI Patent waiver is necessary to revitalize WTO's credibility as an international dispute mechanism – creates momentum for further reform.Meyer 21 Meyer 6-18-21. ~(David Meyer is the Editor of CEO Daily and a senior writer on Fortune's European team. Author of the digital rights primer, Control Shift: How Technology Affects You and Your Rights. "The WTO's survival hinges on the COVID-19 vaccine patent debate, waiver advocates warn," Fortune, June 18, 2021. https://fortune.com/2021/06/18/wto-covid-vaccines-patents-waiver-south-africa-trips/~~ TDI Trade solves great power competition – regionalism causes militarized crises.Lake 18 ~(David Lake is a Professor of Social Sciences and Distinguished Professor of Political Science at the University of California, San Diego. "Economic Openness and Great Power Competition: Lessons for China and the United States," April 30, 2018. https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3171196/~~ TDI No alt causes – how the WTO acts now with Covid will shape its role in the international economy for decades to come.Evenett and Baldwin 20. ~(Simon J. Evenett is Professor of International Trade and Economic Development at the University of St. Gallen, Switzerland, and Co-Director of the CEPR Programme in International Trade and Regional Economics. Richard E. Baldwin is a professor of international economics at the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies in Geneva. "Revitalising multilateral trade cooperation: Why? Why Now? And How?" November 10, 2020. https://voxeu.org/content/revitalising-multilateralism-pragmatic-ideas-new-wto-director-general~~ TDI Post Covid WTO legitimacy prevents a downward spiral of protectionism.Solís 20 ~(Mireya Solís is director of the Center for East Asia Policy Studies, Philip Knight Chair in Japan Studies, and a senior fellow in the Foreign Policy program at Brookings. "The post COVID-19 world: Economic nationalism triumphant?" July 10, 2020. https://www.brookings.edu/blog/order-from-chaos/2020/07/10/the-post-covid-19-world-economic-nationalism-triumphant/~~ TDI WTO cred solves nuclear war – allows an off-track for nuclear weapons.Hamann 09 ~(Georgia Hamann is a J.D. Candidate, Vanderbilt University Law School, "Replacing Slingshots with Swords: Implications of the Antigua-Gambling 22.6 Panel Report for Developing Countries and the World Trading System," 2009.~ TDI 1AC – IndiaAdvantage 2 is Bollywood Gone DarkIndia is in crisis – the recent COVID surge is fundamentally different from that of the past.Khullar 21 ~(Dhruv Khullar is a contributing writer at The New Yorker, where he writes primarily about medicine, health care, and politics. He is also a practicing physician and an assistant professor at Weill Cornell Medical College) "India's Crisis Marks a New Phase in the Pandemic," The New Yorker, May 13, 2021. https://www.newyorker.com/science/medical-dispatch/indias-crisis-marks-a-new-phase-in-the-pandemic~~ TDI That causes Indo-Pak conflict escalation.Somos 20 ~Christy Somos is a CTVNews.ca Writer) "COVID-19 has escalated armed conflict in India, Pakistan, Iraq, Libya and the Philippines, study finds," CTV News, December 17, 2020. https://www.ctvnews.ca/world/covid-19-has-escalated-armed-conflict-in-india-pakistan-iraq-libya-and-the-philippines-study-finds-1.5236738~~ TDI That causes risk-taking and escalates disputes.Howell 13 (Patrick Howell – University of Georgia. "Economic Crises and the Initiation of Militarized Disputes," https://getd.libs.uga.edu/pdfs/howell_patrick_d_201305_ma.pdf) That goes nuclearToon et al. 19 — Owen B. Toon, Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder; Charles G. Bardeen, Atmospheric Chemistry Observations and Modeling Laboratory, National Center for Atmospheric Research; Alan Robock, Department of Environmental Sciences, Rutgers University; Lili Xia, Department of Environmental Sciences, Rutgers University; Hans Kristensen, Federation of American Scientists; Matthew McKinzie, Natural Resources Defense Council; R. J. Peterson, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder; Cheryl S. Harrison, School of Earth, Environmental, and Marine Sciences, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research, University of Colorado, Boulder; Nicole S. Lovenduski, Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research, University of Colorado, Boulder; and Richard P. Turco, Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles; October 2nd ("Rapidly expanding nuclear arsenals in Pakistan and India portend regional and global catastrophe", Science Advances, volume 5, number 10, available online at https://advances.sciencemag.org/content/5/10/eaay5478, accessed 12-1-2019) LR Extinction – famine and falloutStarr '17 (Steven; director of the University of Missouri's Clinical Laboratory Science Program, senior scientist at the Physicians for Social Responsibility, Associate member of the Nuclear Age Peace Foundation, expert in the environmental consequences of nuclear war; 1/9/17; "Turning a Blind Eye Towards Armageddon — U.S. Leaders Reject Nuclear Winter Studies"; https://fas.org/2017/01/turning-a-blind-eye-towards-armageddon-u-s-leaders-reject-nuclear-winter-studies/; Federation of American Scientists; accessed 11/24/18; TV) The plan solves both scenarios and WTO IP rules are a barrier to scaled-up vaccine production.Pandey 21 ~(Ashutosh Pandey) "Rich countries block India, South Africa's bid to ban COVID vaccine patents," DW, April 2, 2021. https://www.dw.com/en/rich-countries-block-india-south-africas-bid-to-ban-covid-vaccine-patents/a-56460175 1AC – PlanPlan – The member nations of the World Trade Organization ought to reduce intellectual property protections for COVID-19 medicines.Rich countries are blocking a WTO patent-waiver proposal necessary to boost global production of COVID vaccines.Meredith 21. ~(Sam Meredith is a Correspondent at CNBC in London, covering international politics, energy and business news) "Rich countries are refusing to waive the rights on Covid vaccines as global cases hit record levels," CNBC, April 22, 2021. https://www.cnbc.com/2021/04/22/covid-rich-countries-are-refusing-to-waive-ip-rights-on-vaccines.html~~ TDI Critics of the IP waiver are wrong- it's the most effective way to combat covid inequality, alternatives failErfani et al, 21 (Parsa Erfani, Fogarty global health scholar1 2, Agnes Binagwaho, vice chancellor2, Mohamed Juldeh Jalloh, vice president3, Muhammad Yunus, chair4, Paul Farmer, professor57, Vanessa Kerry, associate professor810 Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA 2University of Global Health Equity, Rwanda 3Sierra Leone 4Yunus Centre, Bangladesh 5Global Health and Social Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA 6Division of Global Health Equity, Brigham and Women's Hospital, USA 7Partners In Health, USA 8Seed Global Health, USA 9Program in Global Public Policy and Social Change, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA 10Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, USA Intellectual property waiver for covid-19 vaccines will advance global health equity BMJ 2021; 374 doi: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.n1837 (Published 03 August 2021) Cite this as: BMJ 2021;374:n1837 https://www.bmj.com/content/374/bmj.n1837.full) 1AC – FwrkThe Standard is Maximizing Expected Wellbeing – Act Hedonistic Util~1~ Extinction first as only a reason to prefer util –a) Turns suffering – mass death causes suffering because people can't get access to resources and basic necessities~2~ Actor specificity –a) Governments must aggregate since every policy benefit some and harms others, which also means side constraints freeze action.b) No act omission distinction – choosing to omit is an act itself so people psychologically decide not to act.c) If we foresee a consequence, then it becomes part of our deliberation which makes it intrinsic to our action since we intend it to happen.Actor-specificity comes first since different agents have different ethical standings. Takes out util calc indicts since they're empirically denied, and link turns them because the alt would be no action.~3~ Degrees of wrongness – Looking at the consequences is the only way to tell that murdering someone is way worse than stealing their pencil.~4~ Ground – Both debaters have ground to engage under util if something has an if it has an external benefit – Aff gets plans, while Neg gets DAs and counterplans. Other fwrks deny 1 side engagement on link and impact level. TJFs outweighs because concerns fairness – outweighs all args concede valid of fairness.~5~ Pleasure and pain are the starting point for moral reasoning.Moen 16, Ole Martin (PhD, Research Fellow in Philosophy at University of Oslo). "An Argument for Hedonism." Journal of Value Inquiry 50.2 (2016): 267. SM 1AC – U/V~1~ 1AR theory –a) AFF gets it because otherwise the neg can engage in infinite abuse, which outweighs on severity because we literally can't engage,b) DTD – the 1AR is too short for theory and substance so ballot implications are key to check abuse,c) no RVIs – they can stick me with 6min of answers to a short arg and make the 2AR impossibled) competing interps – 1AR interps aren't bidirectional and the neg should have to defend their norm since they have more time,e) 1AR theory comes first – it's the largest portion of the constructive speeches which means there's more abuse if I'm devoting a more time and the 2N can win multiple layers,f) no new 2NR theory – 2-to-1-time tradeoff makes it devastating for the 2AR,h) RVIs on NC theory we need an out of the 746 skews on theoryi) structural abuse outweighs it determines our ability to debate in the first place | 9/18/21 |
SO - AC - COVID V2Tournament: Yale | Round: 3 | Opponent: Memorial BD | Judge: Abhilash Datti Yale R31AC1AC1AC – WTO CredibilityAdvantage 1 is WTO Credibility.The WTO is on track to push for reform but is hindered by lack of vaccine agreement.Baschuk 4-27. ~(Bryce Baschuk is a Bloomberg Reporter) "WTO Chief Pursues a 'Hectic' Agenda to Fix World Trade's Referee," Bloomberg, April 27, 2021. https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2021-04-27/wto-chief-pursues-a-hectic-agenda-to-fix-world-trade-s-referee~~ TDI Patent waiver is necessary to revitalize WTO's credibility as an international dispute mechanism – creates momentum for further reform.Meyer 21 Meyer 6-18-21. ~(David Meyer is the Editor of CEO Daily and a senior writer on Fortune's European team. Author of the digital rights primer, Control Shift: How Technology Affects You and Your Rights. "The WTO's survival hinges on the COVID-19 vaccine patent debate, waiver advocates warn," Fortune, June 18, 2021. https://fortune.com/2021/06/18/wto-covid-vaccines-patents-waiver-south-africa-trips/~~ TDI Trade solves great power competition – regionalism causes militarized crises.Lake 18 ~(David Lake is a Professor of Social Sciences and Distinguished Professor of Political Science at the University of California, San Diego. "Economic Openness and Great Power Competition: Lessons for China and the United States," April 30, 2018. https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3171196/~~ TDI Post Covid WTO legitimacy prevents a downward spiral of protectionism.Solís 20 ~(Mireya Solís is director of the Center for East Asia Policy Studies, Philip Knight Chair in Japan Studies, and a senior fellow in the Foreign Policy program at Brookings. "The post COVID-19 world: Economic nationalism triumphant?" July 10, 2020. https://www.brookings.edu/blog/order-from-chaos/2020/07/10/the-post-covid-19-world-economic-nationalism-triumphant/~~ TDI WTO cred solves nuclear war – allows an off-track for nuclear weapons.Hamann 09 ~(Georgia Hamann is a J.D. Candidate, Vanderbilt University Law School, "Replacing Slingshots with Swords: Implications of the Antigua-Gambling 22.6 Panel Report for Developing Countries and the World Trading System," 2009.~ TDI 1AC – IndiaAdvantage 2 is Bollywood Gone DarkIndia is in crisis – the recent COVID surge is fundamentally different from that of the past.Khullar 21 ~(Dhruv Khullar is a contributing writer at The New Yorker, where he writes primarily about medicine, health care, and politics. He is also a practicing physician and an assistant professor at Weill Cornell Medical College) "India's Crisis Marks a New Phase in the Pandemic," The New Yorker, May 13, 2021. https://www.newyorker.com/science/medical-dispatch/indias-crisis-marks-a-new-phase-in-the-pandemic~~ TDI That causes Indo-Pak conflict escalation.Somos 20 ~Christy Somos is a CTVNews.ca Writer) "COVID-19 has escalated armed conflict in India, Pakistan, Iraq, Libya and the Philippines, study finds," CTV News, December 17, 2020. https://www.ctvnews.ca/world/covid-19-has-escalated-armed-conflict-in-india-pakistan-iraq-libya-and-the-philippines-study-finds-1.5236738~~ TDI That causes risk-taking and escalates disputes.Howell 13 (Patrick Howell – University of Georgia. "Economic Crises and the Initiation of Militarized Disputes," https://getd.libs.uga.edu/pdfs/howell_patrick_d_201305_ma.pdf) That goes nuclearToon et al. 19 — Owen B. Toon, Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder; Charles G. Bardeen, Atmospheric Chemistry Observations and Modeling Laboratory, National Center for Atmospheric Research; Alan Robock, Department of Environmental Sciences, Rutgers University; Lili Xia, Department of Environmental Sciences, Rutgers University; Hans Kristensen, Federation of American Scientists; Matthew McKinzie, Natural Resources Defense Council; R. J. Peterson, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder; Cheryl S. Harrison, School of Earth, Environmental, and Marine Sciences, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research, University of Colorado, Boulder; Nicole S. Lovenduski, Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research, University of Colorado, Boulder; and Richard P. Turco, Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles; October 2nd ("Rapidly expanding nuclear arsenals in Pakistan and India portend regional and global catastrophe", Science Advances, volume 5, number 10, available online at https://advances.sciencemag.org/content/5/10/eaay5478, accessed 12-1-2019) LR Extinction – famine and falloutStarr '17 (Steven; director of the University of Missouri's Clinical Laboratory Science Program, senior scientist at the Physicians for Social Responsibility, Associate member of the Nuclear Age Peace Foundation, expert in the environmental consequences of nuclear war; 1/9/17; "Turning a Blind Eye Towards Armageddon — U.S. Leaders Reject Nuclear Winter Studies"; https://fas.org/2017/01/turning-a-blind-eye-towards-armageddon-u-s-leaders-reject-nuclear-winter-studies/; Federation of American Scientists; accessed 11/24/18; TV) The plan solves both scenarios and WTO IP rules are a barrier to scaled-up vaccine production.Pandey 21 ~(Ashutosh Pandey) "Rich countries block India, South Africa's bid to ban COVID vaccine patents," DW, April 2, 2021. https://www.dw.com/en/rich-countries-block-india-south-africas-bid-to-ban-covid-vaccine-patents/a-56460175 1AC – PlanPlan – The member nations of the World Trade Organization ought to reduce intellectual property protections for COVID-19 medicines.Rich countries are blocking a WTO patent-waiver proposal necessary to boost global production of COVID vaccines.Meredith 21. ~(Sam Meredith is a Correspondent at CNBC in London, covering international politics, energy and business news) "Rich countries are refusing to waive the rights on Covid vaccines as global cases hit record levels," CNBC, April 22, 2021. https://www.cnbc.com/2021/04/22/covid-rich-countries-are-refusing-to-waive-ip-rights-on-vaccines.html~~ TDI Critics of the IP waiver are wrong- it's the most effective way to combat covid inequality, alternatives failErfani et al, 21 (Parsa Erfani, Fogarty global health scholar1 2, Agnes Binagwaho, vice chancellor2, Mohamed Juldeh Jalloh, vice president3, Muhammad Yunus, chair4, Paul Farmer, professor57, Vanessa Kerry, associate professor810 Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA 2University of Global Health Equity, Rwanda 3Sierra Leone 4Yunus Centre, Bangladesh 5Global Health and Social Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA 6Division of Global Health Equity, Brigham and Women's Hospital, USA 7Partners In Health, USA 8Seed Global Health, USA 9Program in Global Public Policy and Social Change, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA 10Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, USA Intellectual property waiver for covid-19 vaccines will advance global health equity BMJ 2021; 374 doi: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.n1837 (Published 03 August 2021) Cite this as: BMJ 2021;374:n1837 https://www.bmj.com/content/374/bmj.n1837.full) 1AC – FwrkThe Standard is Maximizing Expected Wellbeing – Act Hedonistic Util~1~ Extinction first as only a reason to prefer util –a) Turns suffering – mass death causes suffering because people can't get access to resources and basic necessitiesb) Moral uncertaintyBostrom 12 ~(Nick Bostrom, Faculty of Philosophy and Oxford Martin School University of Oxford) "Existential Risk Prevention as Global Priority." Global Policy, 2012~ TDI ~2~ Actor specificity –a) Governments must aggregate since every policy benefit some and harms others, which also means side constraints freeze action.b) No act omission distinction – choosing to omit is an act itself so people psychologically decide not to act.c) If we foresee a consequence, then it becomes part of our deliberation which makes it intrinsic to our action since we intend it to happen.Actor-specificity comes first since different agents have different ethical standings. Takes out util calc indicts since they're empirically denied, and link turns them because the alt would be no action.~3~ Degrees of wrongness – Looking at the consequences is the only way to tell that murdering someone is way worse than stealing their pencil.~4~ Ground – Both debaters have ground to engage under util if something has an if it has an external benefit – Aff gets plans, while Neg gets DAs and counterplans. Other fwrks deny 1 side engagement on link and impact level. TJFs outweighs because concerns fairness – outweighs all args concede valid of fairness.~5~ Pleasure and pain are the starting point for moral reasoning.Moen 16, Ole Martin (PhD, Research Fellow in Philosophy at University of Oslo). "An Argument for Hedonism." Journal of Value Inquiry 50.2 (2016): 267. SM | 9/18/21 |
SO - AC - COVID V3Tournament: Yale | Round: Doubles | Opponent: Academy Of Classical Christian Studies JM | Judge: Anthony Survance, Neville Tom, Tajaih Robinson Yale Dubs1AC1AC1AC – WTO CredibilityAdvantage 1 is WTO Credibility.The WTO is on track to push for reform but is hindered by lack of vaccine agreement.Baschuk 4-27. ~(Bryce Baschuk is a Bloomberg Reporter) "WTO Chief Pursues a 'Hectic' Agenda to Fix World Trade's Referee," Bloomberg, April 27, 2021. https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2021-04-27/wto-chief-pursues-a-hectic-agenda-to-fix-world-trade-s-referee~~ TDI Patent waiver is necessary to revitalize WTO's credibility as an international dispute mechanism – creates momentum for further reform.Meyer 21 Meyer 6-18-21. ~(David Meyer is the Editor of CEO Daily and a senior writer on Fortune's European team. Author of the digital rights primer, Control Shift: How Technology Affects You and Your Rights. "The WTO's survival hinges on the COVID-19 vaccine patent debate, waiver advocates warn," Fortune, June 18, 2021. https://fortune.com/2021/06/18/wto-covid-vaccines-patents-waiver-south-africa-trips/~~ TDI Trade solves great power competition – regionalism causes militarized crises.Lake 18 ~(David Lake is a Professor of Social Sciences and Distinguished Professor of Political Science at the University of California, San Diego. "Economic Openness and Great Power Competition: Lessons for China and the United States," April 30, 2018. https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3171196/~~ TDI Post Covid WTO legitimacy prevents a downward spiral of protectionism.Solís 20 ~(Mireya Solís is director of the Center for East Asia Policy Studies, Philip Knight Chair in Japan Studies, and a senior fellow in the Foreign Policy program at Brookings. "The post COVID-19 world: Economic nationalism triumphant?" July 10, 2020. https://www.brookings.edu/blog/order-from-chaos/2020/07/10/the-post-covid-19-world-economic-nationalism-triumphant/~~ TDI WTO cred solves nuclear war – allows an off-track for nuclear weapons.Hamann 09 ~(Georgia Hamann is a J.D. Candidate, Vanderbilt University Law School, "Replacing Slingshots with Swords: Implications of the Antigua-Gambling 22.6 Panel Report for Developing Countries and the World Trading System," 2009.~ TDI 1AC – IndiaAdvantage 2 is Bollywood Gone DarkIndia is in crisis – the recent COVID surge is fundamentally different from that of the past.Khullar 21 ~(Dhruv Khullar is a contributing writer at The New Yorker, where he writes primarily about medicine, health care, and politics. He is also a practicing physician and an assistant professor at Weill Cornell Medical College) "India's Crisis Marks a New Phase in the Pandemic," The New Yorker, May 13, 2021. https://www.newyorker.com/science/medical-dispatch/indias-crisis-marks-a-new-phase-in-the-pandemic~~ TDI That causes Indo-Pak conflict escalation.Somos 20 ~Christy Somos is a CTVNews.ca Writer) "COVID-19 has escalated armed conflict in India, Pakistan, Iraq, Libya and the Philippines, study finds," CTV News, December 17, 2020. https://www.ctvnews.ca/world/covid-19-has-escalated-armed-conflict-in-india-pakistan-iraq-libya-and-the-philippines-study-finds-1.5236738~~ TDI That causes risk-taking and escalates disputes.Howell 13 (Patrick Howell – University of Georgia. "Economic Crises and the Initiation of Militarized Disputes," https://getd.libs.uga.edu/pdfs/howell_patrick_d_201305_ma.pdf) That goes nuclearToon et al. 19 — Owen B. Toon, Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder; Charles G. Bardeen, Atmospheric Chemistry Observations and Modeling Laboratory, National Center for Atmospheric Research; Alan Robock, Department of Environmental Sciences, Rutgers University; Lili Xia, Department of Environmental Sciences, Rutgers University; Hans Kristensen, Federation of American Scientists; Matthew McKinzie, Natural Resources Defense Council; R. J. Peterson, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder; Cheryl S. Harrison, School of Earth, Environmental, and Marine Sciences, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research, University of Colorado, Boulder; Nicole S. Lovenduski, Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research, University of Colorado, Boulder; and Richard P. Turco, Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles; October 2nd ("Rapidly expanding nuclear arsenals in Pakistan and India portend regional and global catastrophe", Science Advances, volume 5, number 10, available online at https://advances.sciencemag.org/content/5/10/eaay5478, accessed 12-1-2019) LR Extinction – famine and falloutStarr '17 (Steven; director of the University of Missouri's Clinical Laboratory Science Program, senior scientist at the Physicians for Social Responsibility, Associate member of the Nuclear Age Peace Foundation, expert in the environmental consequences of nuclear war; 1/9/17; "Turning a Blind Eye Towards Armageddon — U.S. Leaders Reject Nuclear Winter Studies"; https://fas.org/2017/01/turning-a-blind-eye-towards-armageddon-u-s-leaders-reject-nuclear-winter-studies/; Federation of American Scientists; accessed 11/24/18; TV) The plan solves both scenarios and WTO IP rules are a barrier to scaled-up vaccine production.Pandey 21 ~(Ashutosh Pandey) "Rich countries block India, South Africa's bid to ban COVID vaccine patents," DW, April 2, 2021. https://www.dw.com/en/rich-countries-block-india-south-africas-bid-to-ban-covid-vaccine-patents/a-56460175 1AC – PlanPlan – The member nations of the World Trade Organization ought to reduce intellectual property protections for COVID-19 medicines.Rich countries are blocking a WTO patent-waiver proposal necessary to boost global production of COVID vaccines.Meredith 21. ~(Sam Meredith is a Correspondent at CNBC in London, covering international politics, energy and business news) "Rich countries are refusing to waive the rights on Covid vaccines as global cases hit record levels," CNBC, April 22, 2021. https://www.cnbc.com/2021/04/22/covid-rich-countries-are-refusing-to-waive-ip-rights-on-vaccines.html~~ TDI Critics of the IP waiver are wrong- it's the most effective way to combat covid inequality, alternatives failErfani et al, 21 (Parsa Erfani, Fogarty global health scholar1 2, Agnes Binagwaho, vice chancellor2, Mohamed Juldeh Jalloh, vice president3, Muhammad Yunus, chair4, Paul Farmer, professor57, Vanessa Kerry, associate professor810 Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA 2University of Global Health Equity, Rwanda 3Sierra Leone 4Yunus Centre, Bangladesh 5Global Health and Social Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA 6Division of Global Health Equity, Brigham and Women's Hospital, USA 7Partners In Health, USA 8Seed Global Health, USA 9Program in Global Public Policy and Social Change, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA 10Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, USA Intellectual property waiver for covid-19 vaccines will advance global health equity BMJ 2021; 374 doi: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.n1837 (Published 03 August 2021) Cite this as: BMJ 2021;374:n1837 https://www.bmj.com/content/374/bmj.n1837.full) 1AC – FwrkThe Standard is Maximizing Expected Wellbeing – Act Hedonistic Util~1~ Extinction first as only a reason to prefer util –a) Turns suffering – mass death causes suffering because people can't get access to resources and basic necessitiesb) Moral uncertaintyBostrom 12 ~(Nick Bostrom, Faculty of Philosophy and Oxford Martin School University of Oxford) "Existential Risk Prevention as Global Priority." Global Policy, 2012~ TDI ~2~ Actor specificity –a) Governments must aggregate since every policy benefit some and harms others, which also means side constraints freeze action.b) No act omission distinction – choosing to omit is an act itself so people psychologically decide not to act.c) If we foresee a consequence, then it becomes part of our deliberation which makes it intrinsic to our action since we intend it to happen.Actor-specificity comes first since different agents have different ethical standings. Takes out util calc indicts since they're empirically denied, and link turns them because the alt would be no action.~3~ Degrees of wrongness – Looking at the consequences is the only way to tell that murdering someone is way worse than stealing their pencil.~4~ Ground – Both debaters have ground to engage under util if something has an if it has an external benefit – Aff gets plans, while Neg gets DAs and counterplans. Other fwrks deny 1 side engagement on link and impact level. TJFs outweighs because concerns fairness – outweighs all args concede valid of fairness.~5~ Pleasure and pain are the starting point for moral reasoning.Moen 16, Ole Martin (PhD, Research Fellow in Philosophy at University of Oslo). "An Argument for Hedonism." Journal of Value Inquiry 50.2 (2016): 267. SM | 9/19/21 |
SO - AC - COVID V4Tournament: Mid America Cup | Round: 4 | Opponent: American Heritage Broward NR | Judge: Breigh Plat 1AC1AC – WTO CredibilityAdvantage 1 is WTO Credibility.The WTO is on track to push for reform but is hindered by lack of vaccine agreement.Baschuk 4-27. ~(Bryce Baschuk is a Bloomberg Reporter) "WTO Chief Pursues a 'Hectic' Agenda to Fix World Trade's Referee," Bloomberg, April 27, 2021. https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2021-04-27/wto-chief-pursues-a-hectic-agenda-to-fix-world-trade-s-referee~~ TDI Patent waiver is necessary to revitalize WTO's credibility as an international dispute mechanism – creates momentum for further reform.Meyer 21 Meyer 6-18-21. ~(David Meyer is the Editor of CEO Daily and a senior writer on Fortune's European team. Author of the digital rights primer, Control Shift: How Technology Affects You and Your Rights. "The WTO's survival hinges on the COVID-19 vaccine patent debate, waiver advocates warn," Fortune, June 18, 2021. https://fortune.com/2021/06/18/wto-covid-vaccines-patents-waiver-south-africa-trips/~~ TDI Trade solves great power competition – regionalism causes militarized crises.Lake 18 ~(David Lake is a Professor of Social Sciences and Distinguished Professor of Political Science at the University of California, San Diego. "Economic Openness and Great Power Competition: Lessons for China and the United States," April 30, 2018. https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3171196/~~ TDI Post Covid WTO legitimacy prevents a downward spiral of protectionism.Solís 20 ~(Mireya Solís is director of the Center for East Asia Policy Studies, Philip Knight Chair in Japan Studies, and a senior fellow in the Foreign Policy program at Brookings. "The post COVID-19 world: Economic nationalism triumphant?" July 10, 2020. https://www.brookings.edu/blog/order-from-chaos/2020/07/10/the-post-covid-19-world-economic-nationalism-triumphant/~~ TDI WTO cred solves nuclear war – allows an off-track for nuclear weapons.Hamann 09 ~(Georgia Hamann is a J.D. Candidate, Vanderbilt University Law School, "Replacing Slingshots with Swords: Implications of the Antigua-Gambling 22.6 Panel Report for Developing Countries and the World Trading System," 2009.~ TDI Extinction – famine and falloutStarr '17 (Steven; director of the University of Missouri's Clinical Laboratory Science Program, senior scientist at the Physicians for Social Responsibility, Associate member of the Nuclear Age Peace Foundation, expert in the environmental consequences of nuclear war; 1/9/17; "Turning a Blind Eye Towards Armageddon — U.S. Leaders Reject Nuclear Winter Studies"; https://fas.org/2017/01/turning-a-blind-eye-towards-armageddon-u-s-leaders-reject-nuclear-winter-studies/; Federation of American Scientists; accessed 11/24/18; TV) 1AC – PlanPlan – The member nations of the World Trade Organization ought to reduce intellectual property protections for COVID-19 medicines.Rich countries are blocking a WTO patent-waiver proposal necessary to boost global production of COVID vaccines and uphold WTOMeredith 21. ~(Sam Meredith is a Correspondent at CNBC in London, covering international politics, energy and business news) "Rich countries are refusing to waive the rights on Covid vaccines as global cases hit record levels," CNBC, April 22, 2021. https://www.cnbc.com/2021/04/22/covid-rich-countries-are-refusing-to-waive-ip-rights-on-vaccines.html~~ TDI Critics of the IP waiver are wrong- it's the most effective way to combat covid inequality, alternatives fail and we meet your spec shellsErfani et al, 21 (Parsa Erfani, Fogarty global health scholar1 2, Agnes Binagwaho, vice chancellor2, Mohamed Juldeh Jalloh, vice president3, Muhammad Yunus, chair4, Paul Farmer, professor57, Vanessa Kerry, associate professor810 Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA 2University of Global Health Equity, Rwanda 3Sierra Leone 4Yunus Centre, Bangladesh 5Global Health and Social Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA 6Division of Global Health Equity, Brigham and Women's Hospital, USA 7Partners In Health, USA 8Seed Global Health, USA 9Program in Global Public Policy and Social Change, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA 10Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, USA Intellectual property waiver for covid-19 vaccines will advance global health equity BMJ 2021; 374 doi: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.n1837 (Published 03 August 2021) Cite this as: BMJ 2021;374:n1837 https://www.bmj.com/content/374/bmj.n1837.full) 1AC – FwrkMoral Realism is true – there is an ethical truth that exists metaphysically: a) otherwise we could not make moral claims since we would merely claim disagreement rather than an absolute wrong, justifying any ethical statement b) regressive moral debates always terminate in an endpoint of agreement, we just compare different values in an attempt to find the ultimate one.Synthetic a posteriori moral naturalism is the basis of realist ethics:A~ The normative supervenes on the natural – natural facts like whether brains develop to permit rationality or subjectivity determine whether non naturalist moral facts can be premised on things like capacity for reasonLutz and Lenman 18. Lutz, Matthew and Lenman, James, "Moral Naturalism", The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Fall 2018 Edition), Edward N. Zalta (ed.), URL = https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/fall2018/entries/naturalism-moral/. Massa B~ The problem of disagreement – resolving a priori conflicts requires indicting the epistemological basis of one's judgement with a reliable process for deriving moral truths which is impossible given widespread moral disagreement about non verifiable a priori truth – grounding ethics with verifiable natural facts solveNext, phenomenal introspection can bridge the gap from experiential natural facts to moral truths and necessitates hedonism. When I observe a lemon's yellowness shifting my visual fields from darker to lighter shades, I can introspect on that experience and identify brightness as an intrinsic property of seeing a lemon. Similarly, when I feel pleasure, I can introspect on the shift in hedonic tones and identify that goodness is an intrinsic property of the pleasure that was increased.The Standard is Maximizing Expected Wellbeing – Act Hedonistic Util~1~ Extinction first as only a reason to prefer util –a) Turns suffering – mass death causes suffering because people can't get access to resources and basic necessitiesb) Moral uncertaintyBostrom 12 ~(Nick Bostrom, Faculty of Philosophy and Oxford Martin School University of Oxford) "Existential Risk Prevention as Global Priority." Global Policy, 2012~ TDI ~2~ Actor specificity –a) Governments must aggregate since every policy benefit some and harms others, which also means side constraints freeze action.b) No act omission distinction – choosing to omit is an act itself so people psychologically decide not to act.c) If we foresee a consequence, then it becomes part of our deliberation which makes it intrinsic to our action since we intend it to happen.Actor-specificity comes first since different agents have different ethical standings. Takes out util calc indicts since they're empirically denied, and link turns them because the alt would be no action.~3~ Degrees of wrongness – Looking at the consequences is the only way to tell that murdering someone is way worse than stealing their pencil.~4~ Ground – Both debaters have ground to engage under util if something has an if it has an external benefit – Aff gets plans, while Neg gets DAs and counterplans. Other fwrks deny 1 side engagement on link and impact level. TJFs outweighs because concerns fairness – outweighs all args concede valid of fairness.~5~ Pleasure and pain are the starting point for moral reasoning.Moen 16, Ole Martin (PhD, Research Fellow in Philosophy at University of Oslo). "An Argument for Hedonism." Journal of Value Inquiry 50.2 (2016): 267. SM | 9/26/21 |
SO - AC - KantTournament: Yale | Round: 5 | Opponent: Bronx Science NK | Judge: Curtis Chang 1AC1AC – FwrkEthics must be derived a priori –~1~ Uncertainty – evil demon could deceive us, dreaming, simulation, and inability to know others' experience make empiricism an unreliable basis for universal ethics. Outweighs since it would be escapable since people could say they don't experience the same.~2~ Is/Ought Gap – experience only tells us what is since we can only perceive what is, not what ought to be. But it's impossible to derive an ought from descriptive premises, so there needs to be additional a priori premises to make a moral theory.The existence of conditional goodness requires unconditional human worth—that means we must treat others as ends in themselves.Korsgaard 83 (Christine M., ~American philosopher and Arthur Kingsley Porter Professor of Philosophy at Harvard University whose main scholarly interests are in moral philosophy and its history "Two Distinctions in Goodness," The Philosophical Review Vol. 92, No. 2 (Apr. 1983), pp. 169-195, JSTOR) AG *bracket for gendered language ~recut by Lex CH~ Outweighs – All other frameworks collapse—non-Kantian theories source obligations in extrinsically good objects, but that presupposes the goodness of the rational will.Next – Any moral rule faces the problem of regress – I can keep asking "why should I follow this." Regress collapses to skep since no one can generate obligations absent grounds for accepting them. Only reason solves since asking "why reason?" requires reason to do in the first place which concedes its authority.Practical reason means we must be able to universally will maxims –A~ our judgements are authoritative and can't only apply to ourselves any more than 2+24 can be true only for me. ==== B~ Action theory – absent a will, we are just blobs of chemicals – only practical reason makes action coherent, otherwise every action can be split into an infinite number of smaller actions.The only constraint is noncontradiction –The standard is consistency with the categorical imperative. To clarify, consequences don't link to the framework.Prefer –~1~ Performativity – freedom is the key to the process of justification of arguments. Willing that we should abide by their ethical theory presupposes that we own ourselves in the first place.~2~ Other frameworks collapse – they rely on some categorical imperative that require inherent principles to actKorsgaard 98 ~CHRISTINE M. KORSGAARD, greatest philosopher alive, 1998, "Introduction", Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals~ AG Recut Lex AKu ~3~ Only universalizable reason can effectively explain the perspectives of agents – that's the best method for combatting oppression.Farr 02 Arnold Farr (prof of phil @ UKentucky, focusing on German idealism, philosophy of race, postmodernism, psychoanalysis, and liberation philosophy). "Can a Philosophy of Race Afford to Abandon the Kantian Categorical Imperative?" JOURNAL of SOCIAL PHILOSOPHY, Vol. 33 No. 1, Spring 2002, 17–32. ~4~ Actor specificity – governments use Kantian conceptions of the state when implementing policies.Ripstein 15 Arthur Ripstein (Professor of Law and Philosophy at the University of Toronto). "Just War, Regular War, and Perpetual Peace" (2015). AS 7/16/15 1AC – PlanThus the plan – The member nations of the World Trade Organization ought to reduce intellectual property protections for medicines. CPs, Ks, and PICs affirm because they do not disprove my general thesis.Here's spec – enforcement through limited IP waivers solve – patent term extensions are normal means and solves innovation and scale-up.Young and Potts-Szeliga 21 ~Roberta; Counsel in Seyfarth's Litigation department and Intellectual Property and Patent Litigation practice groups in Los Angeles; Jamaica Potts-Szeliga; Partner in Seyfarth's Litigation department and Intellectual Property and Patent Litigation practice groups in Washington, DC. She also provides advice on FDA regulatory issues and is part of the firm's Health Care, Life Sciences, and Pharmaceuticals team; "A Third Option: Limited IP Waiver Could Solve Our Pandemic Vaccine Problems," IP Watch Dog; 7/21/21; https://www.ipwatchdog.com/2021/07/21/third-option-limited-ip-waiver-solve-pandemic-vaccine-problems/id=135732/~~ Justin 1AC – Offense1~ IP rights prevent certain people from receiving the fruits of their mental labor.Lindsey and Teles 17 ~Ricketts, M. (2018). The Captured Economy: How the Powerful Enrich Themselves, Slow Down Growth, and Increase Inequality by Brink Lindsey and Steven M. Teles. Oxford University Press (2017), 221 pp. ISBN: 978-0190627768 (hb, £16.99). Economic Affairs, 38(2), 297–300. doi:10.1111/ecaf.12299~Lex AKu recut Lex VM 2~ IP Rights hand partial control of others property to IP Creators.Kinsella 13 ~Kinsella S. (2013) The Case Against Intellectual Property. In: Luetge C. (eds) Handbook of the Philosophical Foundations of Business Ethics. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-1494-6_99~~//Lex AKu recut Lex VM *Brackets for Gendered Language* 3~ Creation doesn't justify ownership.Kinsella 13 ~Kinsella S. (2013) The Case Against Intellectual Property. In: Luetge C. (eds) Handbook of the Philosophical Foundations of Business Ethics. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-1494-6_99~~//Lex AKu recut Lex VM *Brackets for Gendered Language* 4~ Justifying ownership based on creation is unjust.Kinsella 13 ~Kinsella S. (2013) The Case Against Intellectual Property. In: Luetge C. (eds) Handbook of the Philosophical Foundations of Business Ethics. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-1494-6_99~~//Lex AKu recut Lex VM 5~ Property rights for IP are unnecessary.Lindsey and Takash 19 ~Niskanen Center, "Why 'Intellectual Property' is a Misnomer", September 2019, Brink Lindsey Vice President for Policy Niskanen Center, Daniel Takash Regulatory Policy Fellow Niskanen Center, https://www.niskanencenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/LT_IPMisnomer-2-1.pdf~~//Lex AKu recut Lex VM | 9/18/21 |
SO - AC - Kant V2Tournament: Mid America Cup | Round: 2 | Opponent: Woodrow Wilson | Judge: Sophie Reeves Mid America R21AC1AC1AC – FwrkEthics must be derived a priori –~1~ Uncertainty – evil demon could deceive us, dreaming, simulation, and inability to know others' experience make empiricism an unreliable basis for universal ethics. Outweighs since it would be escapable since people could say they don't experience the same.~2~ Is/Ought Gap – experience only tells us what is since we can only perceive what is, not what ought to be. But it's impossible to derive an ought from descriptive premises, so there needs to be additional a priori premises to make a moral theory.The existence of conditional goodness requires unconditional human worth—that means we must treat others as ends in themselves.Korsgaard 83 (Christine M., ~American philosopher and Arthur Kingsley Porter Professor of Philosophy at Harvard University whose main scholarly interests are in moral philosophy and its history "Two Distinctions in Goodness," The Philosophical Review Vol. 92, No. 2 (Apr. 1983), pp. 169-195, JSTOR) AG *bracket for gendered language ~recut by Lex CH~ Outweighs – All other frameworks collapse—non-Kantian theories source obligations in extrinsically good objects, but that presupposes the goodness of the rational will.Next – Any moral rule faces the problem of regress – I can keep asking "why should I follow this." Regress collapses to skep since no one can generate obligations absent grounds for accepting them. Only reason solves since asking "why reason?" requires reason to do in the first place which concedes its authority.Practical reason means we must be able to universally will maxims –A~ our judgements are authoritative and can't only apply to ourselves any more than 2+24 can be true only for me. ==== B~ Action theory – absent a will, we are just blobs of chemicals – only practical reason makes action coherent, otherwise every action can be split into an infinite number of smaller actions.The only constraint is noncontradiction –The standard is consistency with the categorical imperative. To clarify, consequences don't link to the framework.Prefer –~1~ Performativity – freedom is the key to the process of justification of arguments. Willing that we should abide by their ethical theory presupposes that we own ourselves in the first place.~2~ Other frameworks collapse – they rely on some categorical imperative that require inherent principles to actKorsgaard 98 ~CHRISTINE M. KORSGAARD, greatest philosopher alive, 1998, "Introduction", Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals~ AG Recut Lex AKu ~3~ Only universalizable reason can effectively explain the perspectives of agents – that's the best method for combatting oppression.Farr 02 Arnold Farr (prof of phil @ UKentucky, focusing on German idealism, philosophy of race, postmodernism, psychoanalysis, and liberation philosophy). "Can a Philosophy of Race Afford to Abandon the Kantian Categorical Imperative?" JOURNAL of SOCIAL PHILOSOPHY, Vol. 33 No. 1, Spring 2002, 17–32. ~4~ Actor specificity – governments use Kantian conceptions of the state when implementing policies.Ripstein 15 Arthur Ripstein (Professor of Law and Philosophy at the University of Toronto). "Just War, Regular War, and Perpetual Peace" (2015). AS 7/16/15 1AC – PlanThus the plan – The member nations of the World Trade Organization ought to reduce intellectual property protections for medicines. CPs, Ks, and PICs affirm because they do not disprove my general thesis.Here's spec – enforcement through limited IP waivers solve – patent term extensions are normal means and solves innovation and scale-up.Young and Potts-Szeliga 21 ~Roberta; Counsel in Seyfarth's Litigation department and Intellectual Property and Patent Litigation practice groups in Los Angeles; Jamaica Potts-Szeliga; Partner in Seyfarth's Litigation department and Intellectual Property and Patent Litigation practice groups in Washington, DC. She also provides advice on FDA regulatory issues and is part of the firm's Health Care, Life Sciences, and Pharmaceuticals team; "A Third Option: Limited IP Waiver Could Solve Our Pandemic Vaccine Problems," IP Watch Dog; 7/21/21; https://www.ipwatchdog.com/2021/07/21/third-option-limited-ip-waiver-solve-pandemic-vaccine-problems/id=135732/~~ Justin 1AC – Offense1~ IP rights prevent certain people from receiving the fruits of their mental labor.Lindsey and Teles 17 ~Ricketts, M. (2018). The Captured Economy: How the Powerful Enrich Themselves, Slow Down Growth, and Increase Inequality by Brink Lindsey and Steven M. Teles. Oxford University Press (2017), 221 pp. ISBN: 978-0190627768 (hb, £16.99). Economic Affairs, 38(2), 297–300. doi:10.1111/ecaf.12299~Lex AKu recut Lex VM 2~ IP Rights hand partial control of others property to IP Creators.Kinsella 13 ~Kinsella S. (2013) The Case Against Intellectual Property. In: Luetge C. (eds) Handbook of the Philosophical Foundations of Business Ethics. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-1494-6_99~~//Lex AKu recut Lex VM *Brackets for Gendered Language* 3~ Creation doesn't justify ownership.Kinsella 13 ~Kinsella S. (2013) The Case Against Intellectual Property. In: Luetge C. (eds) Handbook of the Philosophical Foundations of Business Ethics. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-1494-6_99~~//Lex AKu recut Lex VM *Brackets for Gendered Language* 4~ Justifying ownership based on creation is unjust.Kinsella 13 ~Kinsella S. (2013) The Case Against Intellectual Property. In: Luetge C. (eds) Handbook of the Philosophical Foundations of Business Ethics. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-1494-6_99~~//Lex AKu recut Lex VM 5~ Property rights for IP are unnecessary.Lindsey and Takash 19 ~Niskanen Center, "Why 'Intellectual Property' is a Misnomer", September 2019, Brink Lindsey Vice President for Policy Niskanen Center, Daniel Takash Regulatory Policy Fellow Niskanen Center, https://www.niskanencenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/LT_IPMisnomer-2-1.pdf~~//Lex AKu recut Lex VM 1AC – ADVIndia is in crisis – the recent COVID surge is fundamentally different from that of the past.Khullar 21 ~(Dhruv Khullar is a contributing writer at The New Yorker, where he writes primarily about medicine, health care, and politics. He is also a practicing physician and an assistant professor at Weill Cornell Medical College) "India's Crisis Marks a New Phase in the Pandemic," The New Yorker, May 13, 2021. https://www.newyorker.com/science/medical-dispatch/indias-crisis-marks-a-new-phase-in-the-pandemic~~ TDI That causes Indo-Pak conflict escalation.Somos 20 ~Christy Somos is a CTVNews.ca Writer) "COVID-19 has escalated armed conflict in India, Pakistan, Iraq, Libya and the Philippines, study finds," CTV News, December 17, 2020. https://www.ctvnews.ca/world/covid-19-has-escalated-armed-conflict-in-india-pakistan-iraq-libya-and-the-philippines-study-finds-1.5236738~~ TDI That goes nuclearToon et al. 19 — Owen B. Toon, Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder; Charles G. Bardeen, Atmospheric Chemistry Observations and Modeling Laboratory, National Center for Atmospheric Research; Alan Robock, Department of Environmental Sciences, Rutgers University; Lili Xia, Department of Environmental Sciences, Rutgers University; Hans Kristensen, Federation of American Scientists; Matthew McKinzie, Natural Resources Defense Council; R. J. Peterson, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder; Cheryl S. Harrison, School of Earth, Environmental, and Marine Sciences, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research, University of Colorado, Boulder; Nicole S. Lovenduski, Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research, University of Colorado, Boulder; and Richard P. Turco, Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles; October 2nd ("Rapidly expanding nuclear arsenals in Pakistan and India portend regional and global catastrophe", Science Advances, volume 5, number 10, available online at https://advances.sciencemag.org/content/5/10/eaay5478, accessed 12-1-2019) LR Extinction – famine and falloutStarr '17 (Steven; director of the University of Missouri's Clinical Laboratory Science Program, senior scientist at the Physicians for Social Responsibility, Associate member of the Nuclear Age Peace Foundation, expert in the environmental consequences of nuclear war; 1/9/17; "Turning a Blind Eye Towards Armageddon — U.S. Leaders Reject Nuclear Winter Studies"; https://fas.org/2017/01/turning-a-blind-eye-towards-armageddon-u-s-leaders-reject-nuclear-winter-studies/; Federation of American Scientists; accessed 11/24/18; TV) | 9/25/21 |
SO - AC - Kant V3Tournament: Mid America Cup | Round: 5 | Opponent: Carnegie Vanguard SR | Judge: Grant Brown Mid America R51AC1AC1AC – FwrkEthics must be derived a priori –~1~ Uncertainty – evil demon could deceive us, dreaming, simulation, and inability to know others' experience make empiricism an unreliable basis for universal ethics. Outweighs since it would be escapable since people could say they don't experience the same.~2~ Is/Ought Gap – experience only tells us what is since we can only perceive what is, not what ought to be. But it's impossible to derive an ought from descriptive premises, so there needs to be additional a priori premises to make a moral theory.The existence of conditional goodness requires unconditional human worth—that means we must treat others as ends in themselves.Korsgaard 83 (Christine M., ~American philosopher and Arthur Kingsley Porter Professor of Philosophy at Harvard University whose main scholarly interests are in moral philosophy and its history "Two Distinctions in Goodness," The Philosophical Review Vol. 92, No. 2 (Apr. 1983), pp. 169-195, JSTOR) AG *bracket for gendered language ~recut by Lex CH~ Outweighs – All other frameworks collapse—non-Kantian theories source obligations in extrinsically good objects, but that presupposes the goodness of the rational will.Next – Any moral rule faces the problem of regress – I can keep asking "why should I follow this." Regress collapses to skep since no one can generate obligations absent grounds for accepting them. Only reason solves since asking "why reason?" requires reason to do in the first place which concedes its authority.Practical reason means we must be able to universally will maxims –A~ our judgements are authoritative and can't only apply to ourselves any more than 2+24 can be true only for me. ==== B~ Action theory – absent a will, we are just blobs of chemicals – only practical reason makes action coherent, otherwise every action can be split into an infinite number of smaller actions.The only constraint is noncontradiction –This requires a system of property – mere empirical possession is insufficient and contrary to freedom, Hogdson 10:Louis Philippe Hogdson, 2010, "Kant on Property Rights and the State" http://www.yorku.ca/lhodgson/kant-on-property-rights-and.pdf LHP AV The standard is consistency with the categorical imperative. To clarify, consequences don't link to the framework.Prefer –~1~ Performativity – freedom is the key to the process of justification of arguments. Willing that we should abide by their ethical theory presupposes that we own ourselves in the first place.~2~ Other frameworks collapse – they rely on some categorical imperative that require inherent principles to actKorsgaard 98 ~CHRISTINE M. KORSGAARD, greatest philosopher alive, 1998, "Introduction", Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals~ AG Recut Lex AKu ~3~ Only universalizable reason can effectively explain the perspectives of agents – that's the best method for combatting oppression.Farr 02 Arnold Farr (prof of phil @ UKentucky, focusing on German idealism, philosophy of race, postmodernism, psychoanalysis, and liberation philosophy). "Can a Philosophy of Race Afford to Abandon the Kantian Categorical Imperative?" JOURNAL of SOCIAL PHILOSOPHY, Vol. 33 No. 1, Spring 2002, 17–32. ~4~ Actor specificity – governments use Kantian conceptions of the state when implementing policies.Ripstein 15 Arthur Ripstein (Professor of Law and Philosophy at the University of Toronto). "Just War, Regular War, and Perpetual Peace" (2015). AS 7/16/15 1AC – PlanThus the plan – The member nations of the World Trade Organization ought to reduce intellectual property protections for medicines. CPs, Ks, and PICs affirm because they do not disprove my general thesis.Here's spec – enforcement through limited IP waivers solve – patent term extensions are normal means and solves innovation and scale-up.Young and Potts-Szeliga 21 ~Roberta; Counsel in Seyfarth's Litigation department and Intellectual Property and Patent Litigation practice groups in Los Angeles; Jamaica Potts-Szeliga; Partner in Seyfarth's Litigation department and Intellectual Property and Patent Litigation practice groups in Washington, DC. She also provides advice on FDA regulatory issues and is part of the firm's Health Care, Life Sciences, and Pharmaceuticals team; "A Third Option: Limited IP Waiver Could Solve Our Pandemic Vaccine Problems," IP Watch Dog; 7/21/21; https://www.ipwatchdog.com/2021/07/21/third-option-limited-ip-waiver-solve-pandemic-vaccine-problems/id=135732/~~ Justin 1AC – Offense1~ IP rights prevent certain people from receiving the fruits of their mental labor.Lindsey and Teles 17 ~Ricketts, M. (2018). The Captured Economy: How the Powerful Enrich Themselves, Slow Down Growth, and Increase Inequality by Brink Lindsey and Steven M. Teles. Oxford University Press (2017), 221 pp. ISBN: 978-0190627768 (hb, £16.99). Economic Affairs, 38(2), 297–300. doi:10.1111/ecaf.12299~Lex AKu recut Lex VM 2~ IP Rights hand partial control of others property to IP Creators.Kinsella 13 ~Kinsella S. (2013) The Case Against Intellectual Property. In: Luetge C. (eds) Handbook of the Philosophical Foundations of Business Ethics. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-1494-6_99~~//Lex AKu recut Lex VM *Brackets for Gendered Language* 3~ Creation doesn't justify ownership.Kinsella 13 ~Kinsella S. (2013) The Case Against Intellectual Property. In: Luetge C. (eds) Handbook of the Philosophical Foundations of Business Ethics. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-1494-6_99~~//Lex AKu recut Lex VM *Brackets for Gendered Language* 4~ Justifying ownership based on creation is unjust.Kinsella 13 ~Kinsella S. (2013) The Case Against Intellectual Property. In: Luetge C. (eds) Handbook of the Philosophical Foundations of Business Ethics. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-1494-6_99~~//Lex AKu recut Lex VM 5~ Property rights for IP are unnecessary.Lindsey and Takash 19 ~Niskanen Center, "Why 'Intellectual Property' is a Misnomer", September 2019, Brink Lindsey Vice President for Policy Niskanen Center, Daniel Takash Regulatory Policy Fellow Niskanen Center, https://www.niskanencenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/LT_IPMisnomer-2-1.pdf~~//Lex AKu recut Lex VM | 9/26/21 |
SO - AC - Kant V4Tournament: Mid America Cup | Round: Doubles | Opponent: Sequoia AS | Judge: Grant Brown, Lisa Boulais, James Stuckert Mid America Dubs1AC1AC1AC – FwrkEthics must be derived a priori –~1~ Uncertainty – evil demon could deceive us, dreaming, simulation, and inability to know others' experience make empiricism an unreliable basis for universal ethics. Outweighs since it would be escapable since people could say they don't experience the same.~2~ Is/Ought Gap – experience only tells us what is since we can only perceive what is, not what ought to be. But it's impossible to derive an ought from descriptive premises, so there needs to be additional a priori premises to make a moral theory.The existence of conditional goodness requires unconditional human worth—that means we must treat others as ends in themselves.Korsgaard 83 (Christine M., ~American philosopher and Arthur Kingsley Porter Professor of Philosophy at Harvard University whose main scholarly interests are in moral philosophy and its history "Two Distinctions in Goodness," The Philosophical Review Vol. 92, No. 2 (Apr. 1983), pp. 169-195, JSTOR) AG *bracket for gendered language ~recut by Lex CH~ Outweighs – All other frameworks collapse—non-Kantian theories source obligations in extrinsically good objects, but that presupposes the goodness of the rational will.Next – Any moral rule faces the problem of regress – I can keep asking "why should I follow this." Regress collapses to skep since no one can generate obligations absent grounds for accepting them. Only reason solves since asking "why reason?" requires reason to do in the first place which concedes its authority.Practical reason means we must be able to universally will maxims –A~ our judgements are authoritative and can't only apply to ourselves any more than 2+24 can be true only for me. ==== B~ Action theory – absent a will, we are just blobs of chemicals – only practical reason makes action coherent, otherwise every action can be split into an infinite number of smaller actions. frameworks all share equal value. Weighing between them becomes regressive as it presupposes there is a higher metric to determine who has the better justifications. That means contestation is vacuous which means a locus of moral duty is sufficient since it has an uncontested obligatory power.The only constraint is noncontradiction –The standard is consistency with the categorical imperative. To clarify, consequences don't link to the framework.Prefer –~1~ Performativity – freedom is the key to the process of justification of arguments. Willing that we should abide by their ethical theory presupposes that we own ourselves in the first place.~2~ Other frameworks collapse – they rely on some categorical imperative that require inherent principles to actKorsgaard 98 ~CHRISTINE M. KORSGAARD, greatest philosopher alive, 1998, "Introduction", Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals~ AG Recut Lex AKu ~3~ Only universalizable reason can effectively explain the perspectives of agents – that's the best method for combatting oppression.Farr 02 Arnold Farr (prof of phil @ UKentucky, focusing on German idealism, philosophy of race, postmodernism, psychoanalysis, and liberation philosophy). "Can a Philosophy of Race Afford to Abandon the Kantian Categorical Imperative?" JOURNAL of SOCIAL PHILOSOPHY, Vol. 33 No. 1, Spring 2002, 17–32. ~4~ Resource inequities –1AC – PlanThus the plan – The member nations of the World Trade Organization ought to reduce intellectual property protections for medicines. CPs, Ks, and PICs affirm because they do not disprove my general thesis.1AC – Offense1~ IP rights prevent certain people from receiving the fruits of their mental labor.Lindsey and Teles 17 ~Ricketts, M. (2018). The Captured Economy: How the Powerful Enrich Themselves, Slow Down Growth, and Increase Inequality by Brink Lindsey and Steven M. Teles. Oxford University Press (2017), 221 pp. ISBN: 978-0190627768 (hb, £16.99). Economic Affairs, 38(2), 297–300. doi:10.1111/ecaf.12299~Lex AKu recut Lex VM 2~ IP Rights hand partial control of others property to IP Creators.Kinsella 13 ~Kinsella S. (2013) The Case Against Intellectual Property. In: Luetge C. (eds) Handbook of the Philosophical Foundations of Business Ethics. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-1494-6_99~~//Lex AKu recut Lex VM *Brackets for Gendered Language* 3~ Creation doesn't justify ownership.Kinsella 13 ~Kinsella S. (2013) The Case Against Intellectual Property. In: Luetge C. (eds) Handbook of the Philosophical Foundations of Business Ethics. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-1494-6_99~~//Lex AKu recut Lex VM *Brackets for Gendered Language* 4~ Justifying ownership based on creation is unjust.Kinsella 13 ~Kinsella S. (2013) The Case Against Intellectual Property. In: Luetge C. (eds) Handbook of the Philosophical Foundations of Business Ethics. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-1494-6_99~~//Lex AKu recut Lex VM 5~ Property rights for IP are unnecessary.Lindsey and Takash 19 ~Niskanen Center, "Why 'Intellectual Property' is a Misnomer", September 2019, Brink Lindsey Vice President for Policy Niskanen Center, Daniel Takash Regulatory Policy Fellow Niskanen Center, https://www.niskanencenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/LT_IPMisnomer-2-1.pdf~~//Lex AKu recut Lex VM 1AC – ADVIndia is in crisis – the recent COVID surge is fundamentally different from that of the past which means the plan solves for increased dispersion for COVID goodsKhullar 21 ~(Dhruv Khullar is a contributing writer at The New Yorker, where he writes primarily about medicine, health care, and politics. He is also a practicing physician and an assistant professor at Weill Cornell Medical College) "India's Crisis Marks a New Phase in the Pandemic," The New Yorker, May 13, 2021. https://www.newyorker.com/science/medical-dispatch/indias-crisis-marks-a-new-phase-in-the-pandemic~~ TDI That causes Indo-Pak conflict escalation.Somos 20 ~Christy Somos is a CTVNews.ca Writer) "COVID-19 has escalated armed conflict in India, Pakistan, Iraq, Libya and the Philippines, study finds," CTV News, December 17, 2020. https://www.ctvnews.ca/world/covid-19-has-escalated-armed-conflict-in-india-pakistan-iraq-libya-and-the-philippines-study-finds-1.5236738~~ TDI That goes nuclearToon et al. 19 — Owen B. Toon, Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder; Charles G. Bardeen, Atmospheric Chemistry Observations and Modeling Laboratory, National Center for Atmospheric Research; Alan Robock, Department of Environmental Sciences, Rutgers University; Lili Xia, Department of Environmental Sciences, Rutgers University; Hans Kristensen, Federation of American Scientists; Matthew McKinzie, Natural Resources Defense Council; R. J. Peterson, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder; Cheryl S. Harrison, School of Earth, Environmental, and Marine Sciences, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research, University of Colorado, Boulder; Nicole S. Lovenduski, Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research, University of Colorado, Boulder; and Richard P. Turco, Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles; October 2nd ("Rapidly expanding nuclear arsenals in Pakistan and India portend regional and global catastrophe", Science Advances, volume 5, number 10, available online at https://advances.sciencemag.org/content/5/10/eaay5478, accessed 12-1-2019) LR Here's spec – enforcement through limited IP waivers solve – patent term extensions are normal means and solves innovation and scale-up.Young and Potts-Szeliga 21 ~Roberta; Counsel in Seyfarth's Litigation department and Intellectual Property and Patent Litigation practice groups in Los Angeles; Jamaica Potts-Szeliga; Partner in Seyfarth's Litigation department and Intellectual Property and Patent Litigation practice groups in Washington, DC. She also provides advice on FDA regulatory issues and is part of the firm's Health Care, Life Sciences, and Pharmaceuticals team; "A Third Option: Limited IP Waiver Could Solve Our Pandemic Vaccine Problems," IP Watch Dog; 7/21/21; https://www.ipwatchdog.com/2021/07/21/third-option-limited-ip-waiver-solve-pandemic-vaccine-problems/id=135732/~~ Justin | 9/27/21 |
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