Lexington Han Neg
| Tournament | Round | Opponent | Judge | Cites | Round Report | Open Source | Edit/Delete |
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| 47th University of Pennsylvania Tournament | 2 | Andrew Kim | Kumail Zaidi |
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| 47th University of Pennsylvania Tournament | 3 | Mariam Khan | Jian Hu |
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| 47th University of Pennsylvania Tournament | 6 | Abigail Choi | Michael Harris |
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| 48th Annual Harvard National Forensics Tournament | 1 | Nicolas Kim | Josh Porter |
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| 48th Annual Harvard National Forensics Tournament | 3 | Isha Agarwal | Carolyn Vicari |
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| 48th Annual Harvard National Forensics Tournament | 5 | Alexandria Hant | Andrew Shaw |
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| 48th Annual Harvard National Forensics Tournament | 7 | Max Harden | Jack Daou |
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| Berhe Invitational | Finals | Chicken | Chicken |
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| Blake Invitational | 1 | Aleen Jude | Sam Anderson |
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| Blake Invitational | 4 | Alex Khan | Conal Thomas-McGinnis |
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| Blake Invitational | 6 | Daniel Wochnick | Jacob Nails |
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| Meadows Invitational | 2 | Saif Agha | Conal Thomas-McGinnis |
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| Meadows Invitational | 4 | Nathalie Leung | Joseph Barquin |
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| Meadows Invitational | 6 | Marianne Liu | Eliza Haas |
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| Meadows Invitational | Doubles | Dhruv Raghavan | Gordon Krauss, Kabir Dubey, Aryan Jasani |
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| Meadows Invitational | Octas | Adam Mimou | Truman Le, Jada Stinnett, Davina Le |
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| New York City Invitational Debate and Speech Tournament | 1 | Colin Duffy | Elise Matton |
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| New York City Invitational Debate and Speech Tournament | 3 | Lilia Guizatoullina | Amelia Ritenour |
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| New York City Invitational Debate and Speech Tournament | 5 | Mabel Rieger | Yichen Zhu |
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| Yale Invitational | 1 | Junkai Gong | Elias Altman |
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| Yale Invitational | 3 | Phyllis Wan | Amelia Ritenour |
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| Yale Invitational | 6 | Jack Miller | Anthony Survance |
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| Tournament | Round | Report |
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| 47th University of Pennsylvania Tournament | 2 | Opponent: Andrew Kim | Judge: Kumail Zaidi 1AC - Asteroids |
| 47th University of Pennsylvania Tournament | 3 | Opponent: Mariam Khan | Judge: Jian Hu 1AC - lay |
| 47th University of Pennsylvania Tournament | 6 | Opponent: Abigail Choi | Judge: Michael Harris 1AC - Debris |
| 48th Annual Harvard National Forensics Tournament | 1 | Opponent: Nicolas Kim | Judge: Josh Porter 1AC - Heidegger |
| 48th Annual Harvard National Forensics Tournament | 3 | Opponent: Isha Agarwal | Judge: Carolyn Vicari 1AC - lay |
| 48th Annual Harvard National Forensics Tournament | 5 | Opponent: Alexandria Hant | Judge: Andrew Shaw 1AC - kant |
| 48th Annual Harvard National Forensics Tournament | 7 | Opponent: Max Harden | Judge: Jack Daou 1AC - kant |
| Blake Invitational | 1 | Opponent: Aleen Jude | Judge: Sam Anderson 1AC - Inequality |
| Blake Invitational | 4 | Opponent: Alex Khan | Judge: Conal Thomas-McGinnis 1AC - Kant ACC |
| Blake Invitational | 6 | Opponent: Daniel Wochnick | Judge: Jacob Nails 1AC - Debris |
| Meadows Invitational | 2 | Opponent: Saif Agha | Judge: Conal Thomas-McGinnis 1AC - COVID |
| Meadows Invitational | 4 | Opponent: Nathalie Leung | Judge: Joseph Barquin 1AC - COVID |
| Meadows Invitational | 6 | Opponent: Marianne Liu | Judge: Eliza Haas 1AC - Evergreening |
| Meadows Invitational | Doubles | Opponent: Dhruv Raghavan | Judge: Gordon Krauss, Kabir Dubey, Aryan Jasani 1AC - Evergreening |
| Meadows Invitational | Octas | Opponent: Adam Mimou | Judge: Truman Le, Jada Stinnett, Davina Le 1AC - Evergreening |
| New York City Invitational Debate and Speech Tournament | 1 | Opponent: Colin Duffy | Judge: Elise Matton 1AC - DTCPA Inequality |
| New York City Invitational Debate and Speech Tournament | 3 | Opponent: Lilia Guizatoullina | Judge: Amelia Ritenour 1AC - Facility |
| New York City Invitational Debate and Speech Tournament | 5 | Opponent: Mabel Rieger | Judge: Yichen Zhu 1AC - HIV Inequality |
| Yale Invitational | 1 | Opponent: Junkai Gong | Judge: Elias Altman 1AC - Mollow |
| Yale Invitational | 3 | Opponent: Phyllis Wan | Judge: Amelia Ritenour 1AC - Commodification |
| Yale Invitational | 6 | Opponent: Jack Miller | Judge: Anthony Survance 1AC - Becoming Soil |
To modify or delete round reports, edit the associated round.
Cites
| Entry | Date |
|---|---|
00 - ContactTournament: Berhe Invitational | Round: Finals | Opponent: Chicken | Judge: Chicken if you have any preferences for disclosure, doc formats, or source (pdf or word doc) let me know | 10/24/21 |
01 - T - Defend The TopicTournament: Yale Invitational | Round: 1 | Opponent: Junkai Gong | Judge: Elias Altman | 9/17/21 |
01 - T - DisclosureTournament: 48th Annual Harvard National Forensics Tournament | Round: 5 | Opponent: Alexandria Hant | Judge: Andrew Shaw Un-disclosed affs are a voting issue – Testing – they make it impossible to adequately test the aff without adequate pre-round prep – favors newness over engagement – disclosure solves their offense – you just have to disclose the plan text and advantage area before the round
No RVIs: 1. Logic- aff doesn’t win for proving they’re fair or educational. 2. Chilling effect- debaters won’t read legitimate theory for fear of losing to a prepped-out counter-interp- proliferates abuse. 3. Substantive education- RVIs force a collapse to theory which crowds-out substance. | 2/20/22 |
01 - T - New Affs BadTournament: Blake Invitational | Round: 4 | Opponent: Alex Khan | Judge: Conal Thomas-McGinnis Interpretation—the aff must disclose the plan text, framework, and advantage area 30 minutes before the round. To clarify, disclosure can occur on the wiki or over message.Violation—they didn’t – screenshots prove.
Vote neg for prep and clash—two internal links—a) neg prep—4 minutes of prep is not enough to put together a coherent 1nc or update generics—30 minutes is necessary to learn a little about the affirmative and piece together what 1nc positions apply and cut and research their applications to the affirmative b) aff quality—plan text disclosure discourages cheap shot affs. If the aff isn’t inherent or easily defeated by 20 minutes of research, it should lose—this will answer the 1ar’s claim about innovation—with 30 minutes of prep, there’s still an incentive to find a new strategic, well justified aff, but no incentive to cut a horrible, incoherent aff that the neg can’t check against the broader literature.Voter:Fairness and education are voters – debate’s a game that needs rules to evaluate it and education gives us portable skills for life like research and thinking.Drop the debater – a) they have a 7-6 rebuttal advantage and the 2ar to make args I can’t respond to, b) it deters future abuse and sets a positive norm.Use competing interps – a) reasonability invites arbitrary judge intervention since we don’t know your bs meter, b) collapses to competing interps – we justify 2 brightlines under an offense defense paradigm just like 2 interps.No RVIs – a) illogical – you shouldn’t win for being fair – it’s a litmus test for engaging in substance, b) norming – I can’t concede the counterinterp if I realize I’m wrong which forces me to argue for bad norms, c) chilling effect – forces you to split your 2AR so you can’t collapse and misconstrue the 2NR, d) topic ed – prevents 1AR blipstorm scripts and allows us to get back to substance after resolving theory | 12/19/21 |
02 - K - DualismTournament: Yale Invitational | Round: 3 | Opponent: Phyllis Wan | Judge: Amelia Ritenour AND data or new technologies (see Pielke, 2007: 71–2). | 9/25/21 |
02 - K - PsychoanalysisTournament: Yale Invitational | Round: 1 | Opponent: Junkai Gong | Judge: Elias Altman | 9/17/21 |
02 - K - Pyschoanalysis v2Tournament: New York City Invitational Debate and Speech Tournament | Round: 3 | Opponent: Lilia Guizatoullina | Judge: Amelia Ritenour Debate is structured by the agential fantasy – the plan substitutes actual politics for endless impotent demands. This ensures the continual avoidance of the traumatic realization that political prescription is not politics. The alternative is to say "no" to the aff – this intervention shatters their fantasy and allows for a new mode of subjectivity independent of the Symbolic Other’s response.Lundberg ‘12 (Christian, Assoc. Prof. of Rhetoric @ UNC, Chapel Hill, "On Being Bound to Equivalential Chains", Cultural Studies 26.2-3) AND a hegemonic order, and therefore a particularly fraught form of political subjectivization. The aff is a desire for recognition that resists the master of whiteness without resisting mastery, producing a perpetual quest for the Other’s jouissance that dooms the aff’s politics to endlessly perfecting the signifier.Rogers 15 (Juliet Brough Rogers, professor of political science at the University of Melbourne (Australia), "A Stranger Politics: Resistance in Psychoanalytic Thought and Praxis" in Jacques Lacan: Between Psychoanalysis and Politics, Routledge, 2015: 186) AND it is the existence of an answer at all they are supposedly resisting. That culminates in extinction.Themi, Philosophy PhD, 8 (Tim, Prof @ Deakin U, "How Lacan’s Ethics Might Improve Our Understanding of Nietzsche’s Critique of Platonism: The Neurosis and Nihilism of a ‘Life’ Against Life," Cosmos and History: The Journal of Natural and Social Philosophy 4.1-2, 2008, bosu) AND -understood drive resurge of its own volition until it accidentally finishes us! | 10/24/21 |
03 - IT - Cap GoodTournament: Yale Invitational | Round: 3 | Opponent: Phyllis Wan | Judge: Amelia Ritenour AND could be significant, and so this suggests another avenue for further extension. Cap solves climate change and alternatives only accelerate it. ==== AND there’s any system that can beat climate change, this looks like it. Turns case – regulated innovation solves climate. ==== AND undertaking. As Ula Chrobak observed in a recent issue of Popular Science: | 9/25/21 |
03 - IT - Cap Good v2Tournament: Blake Invitational | Round: 1 | Opponent: Aleen Jude | Judge: Sam Anderson AND there’s any system that can beat climate change, this looks like it. | 12/18/21 |
04 - P - Moral SkepTournament: Blake Invitational | Round: 4 | Opponent: Alex Khan | Judge: Conal Thomas-McGinnis PRESUMPTION AND PERMISSIBILITY NEGATES – A) STATEMENTS ARE MORE OFTEN FALSE THAN TRUE SINCE I CAN PROVE SOMETHING FALSE IN INFINITE WAYS B) REAL WORLD POLICIES REQUIRE POSITIVE JUSTIFICATION BEFORE BEING ADOPTED C) THE AFF HAS TO PROVE AN OBLIGATION WHICH MEANS LACK OF THAT OBLIGATION NEGATES D) WINNING THE NC PROVES SINCE OTHERWISE WE’D BE BLINDLY DECEIVED WHEN SKEPTICAL E) TO NEGATE MEANS TO DENY THE TRUTH OF WHICH MEANS IF THE AFF IS FALSE YOU VOTE NEG F) PERMISSIBILITY CAN’T AFFIRM SINCE THEN ANYTHING WOULD BE OK WHICH WOULD JUSTIFY RACISM – WE SHOULD BE SAFE AND DO NOTHING.MORAL SKEP – JUSTICE REQUIRES US TO ACT IMMEDIATELY SINCE WAITING IN THE FACE OF INJUSTICE IS ITSELF AN INJUSTICE. HOWEVER, WE NEED TO BE FULLY INFORMED TO AVOID FORMULATING A RULE INCORRECTLY AND UNJUSTLY, SO OBLIGATIONS ARE INTERNALLY CONTRADICTORY.DERRIDA ET AL 2002 JACQUES DERRIDA WAS AN FRENCH PHILOSOPHER BEST KNOWN FOR DEVELOPING A FORM OF SEMIOTIC ANALYSIS KNOWN AS DECONSTRUCTION, WHICH HE DISCUSSED IN NUMEROUS TEXTS, AND DEVELOPED IN THE CONTEXT OF PHENOMENOLOGY. HE IS ONE OF THE MAJOR FIGURES ASSOCIATED WITH POST-STRUCTURALISM AND POSTMODERN PHILOSOPHY ~"ACTS OF RELIGION" HTTPS://BOOKS.GOOGLE.COM/BOOKS?ID=C'KGAMFBVP0CandPG=PA255andLPG=PA255andDQ=22EVEN+IF+TIME+AND+PRUDENCE,+THE+PATIENCE+OF+KNOWLEDGE+AND+THE+MASTERY+OF+CONDITIONS+WERE+HYPOTHETICALLY+UNLIMITED22andSOURCE=BLandOTS=PORJBB'LFLandSIG=ACFU3U2CEUEELL1I8DTLAUHYWNDFO7N5TWandHL=ENandSA=XandVED=2AHUKEWJIR4SE5CZOAHUVG3IEHAV5CGMQ6AEWAHOECASQJW~#V=ONEPAGEandQ=22EVEN20IF20TIME20AND20PRUDENCE2C20THE20PATIENCE20OF20KNOWLEDGE20AND20THE20MASTERY20OF20CONDITIONS20WERE20HYPOTHETICALLY20UNLIMITED22andF=FALSE~MBERHE AND PRECIPITATION, ACTING IN THE NIGHT OF NON-KNOWLEDGE AND NON-RULE | 12/19/21 |
JF - CP - ConstellationsTournament: 48th Annual Harvard National Forensics Tournament | Round: 1 | Opponent: Nicolas Kim | Judge: Josh Porter CP Text: The appropriation of outer space by private entities, except mega constellations when endorsed by an international cultural ethics office including all indigenous nations at the forefront of decision-making regarding space policy, is unjust. States should implement cooperative active debris removal measures aimed at mitigating debris from mega-constellations.Appropriation can be good but only if it is grounded in indigenous voices. That’s key to ensure space is maintained as a cultural heritage, rather than a final frontier – solves the case.Vidaurri et al. 20 ~Monica, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Howard University, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center; Aparna Venkatesan, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of San Francisco; James Lowenthal, Department of Astronomy, Smith College; Parvathy Prem, Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory;. Nature Astronomy, "The impact of satellite constellations on space as an ancestral global commons," https://www.nature.com/articles/s41550-020-01238-3~~ brett AND in long-term thinking, centring of Indigenous voices, and sustainability. Constellations are key to ensure indigenous access to broadband, ecological sustainability, and bridge the rural broadband gap.Vidaurri et al. 20 ~Monica, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Howard University, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center; Aparna Venkatesan, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of San Francisco; James Lowenthal, Department of Astronomy, Smith College; Parvathy Prem, Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory;. Nature Astronomy, "The impact of satellite constellations on space as an ancestral global commons," https://www.nature.com/articles/s41550-020-01238-3~~ brett AND noting, even if it may not lead to fair participation in space. ====Only ensuring large scale access to rural broadband can enable adoption of precision agriculture.==== AND customers and markets can also be explored to increase sales volume and revenues. Precision ag is key to solve ag runoff, a unique form of colonial dispossession.Ling 17, Geoffrey Ling, a retired U.S. Army colonel, is an expert in technology development and commercial transition. He is a professor of neurology at Johns Hopkins University and the Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences and a partner of Ling and Associates. Scientific American, June 26, 2017. "Precision Farming Increases Crop Yields" https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/precision-farming/ brett AND generation of tech-savvy farmers are likely to warm to the approach. Great power war.Castellaw 17 (John Castellaw 17. 36-year veteran of the U.S. Marine Corps and the Founder and CEO of Farmspace Systems LLC, "Opinion: Food Security Strategy Is Essential to Our National Security," 5/1/17, https://www.agri-pulse.com/articles/9203-opinion-food-security-strategy-is-essential-to-our-national-security) AND and agricultural prosperity while materially contributing to our Nation’s and the world’s security. Extinction – nuke war fallout creates Ice Age and mass starvationStarr 15 (Steven Starr 15. "Nuclear War: An Unrecognized Mass Extinction Event Waiting To Happen." Ratical. March 2015. https://ratical.org/radiation/NuclearExtinction/StevenStarr022815.html TG) AND the operational and deployed nuclear arsenals, will leave the Earth essentially uninhabitable. Active debris removal solves for mega-constellations debris.Hardy 20, Brian Patrick. Long-term effects of satellite megaconstellations on the debris environment in low earth orbit. Diss. 2020. (Master of Science in Aerospace Engineering in the Graduate College of the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign)Elmer AND be a viable mitigation strategy for megaconstellations with sub-optimal PMD rates. | 2/18/22 |
JF - CP - Wakanda vs AsteroidsTournament: 47th University of Pennsylvania Tournament | Round: 2 | Opponent: Andrew Kim | Judge: Kumail Zaidi CP Text: The Global government of Wakanda ought be the forefront of decision-making regarding space policy and establish an application system for property rights on celestial bodies. Reject all applications and revoke all properties that remove asteroids from their natural orbit.The CP solves their offense – a~ advantage 1 – eliminates ambiguity over property rights regime AND vibranium solves resource wars b~ advantage 2 - their ev.AC Drmola and Mareš 15 - Jakub Drmola is a PhD student and Miroslav Mareš professor, at the Divison of Security and Strategic Studies, Masaryk University, Czech Republic, "Revisiting the deflection dilemma", Astronomy and Geophysics, Volume 56, Issue 5, October 2015, Pages 5.15–5.18, https://academic.oup.com/astrogeo/article/56/5/5.15/235650 AND where it would serve as a destination for future manned missions and experiments. Theorization of Wakanda as a global government is a shift in power relations that centers wakandan based politics in opposition to the aff’s existing political definitions of powerWilliams 18 (Jennifer – Assistant Professor of AFAM @ Loyola Marymount University, "Wakanda Shakes the World," Foreign Policy) AND when an African nation sets the political and technological agenda for the world? Wakanda SOLVES every x-risk through vibranium including warmingBrady 16 (Matt writes for "the science of " a stem education supporter ~"Black Panthers Favorite Metal – Vibranium!" https://thescienceof.org/vibranium-science/~~//Mberhe AND underground supply of vibranium, which gets it’s energy from things like earthquakes. Debate’s a storytelling arena they’ve participated in imagination, which is best done through demanding the impossible don’t stick with the possible or probable.Anderson 16 Dr. Reynaldo Anderson currently serves as an Associate Professor of Communication and Chair of the Humanities department at Harris-Stowe State University in Saint Louis Missouri. Reynaldo has earned several awards for leadership and teaching excellence and he is currently the Past Chair of the Black Caucus of the National Communication Association (NCA). Reynaldo has not only served as an executive board member of the Missouri Arts Council, he has previously served at an international level working for prison reform with C.U.R.E. International in Douala Cameroon, and as a development ambassador recently assisting in the completion of a library project for the Sekyere Afram Plains district in the country of Ghana. Reynaldo publishes extensively in the area of Afrofuturism, communication studies, and the African diaspora experience. Reynaldo is currently the executive director and co-founder of the Black Speculative Arts Movement (BSAM) a network of artists, curators, intellectuals and activists. Finally, he is the co-editor of the book Afrofuturism 2.0: The Rise of Astro-Blackness published by Lexington books, co-editor of Cosmic Underground: A Grimoire of Black Speculative Discontent published by Cedar Grove Publishing, the forthcoming volume The Black Speculative Art Movement: Black Futurity, Art+Design to be released by Lexington press in 2018, and the co-editor of Black Lives, Black Politics, Black Futures, a forthcoming special issue of TOPIA: Canadian Journal of Cultural Studies. ~"AFROFUTURISM 2.0 and THE BLACK SPECULATIVE ART MOVEMENT"~Mberhe AND formations when formulating or conceptualizing theory and practice in relation to material reality. | 2/18/22 |
JF - DA - DIBTournament: Blake Invitational | Round: 1 | Opponent: Aleen Jude | Judge: Sam Anderson The US commercial space industry is booming – private space companies are driving innovation.Lindzon 21 ~(Jared Lindzon, A FREELANCE JOURNALIST AND PUBLIC SPEAKER BORN, RAISED AND BASED IN TORONTO, CANADA. LINDZON'S WRITING FOCUSES ON THE FUTURE OF WORK AND TALENT AS IT RELATES TO TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATION) "How Jeff Bezos and Elon Musk are ushering in a new era of space startups," Fast Company, 2/23/21, https://www.fastcompany.com/90606811/jeff-bezos-blue-origin-elon-musk-spaces-space~~ TDI AND curve here. Every week that goes by we’re picking up the pace." The plan creates a restriction that encourages companies to move their operations to states with lower standards.Albert 14 ~(Caley Albert, J.D. Loyola Marymount University) "Liability in International Law and the Ramifications on Commercial Space Launches and Space Tourism," Loyola of Los Angeles International and Comparative Law Review, 11/1/14, https://digitalcommons.lmu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1708andcontext=ilr~~ TDI AND might be drawn to "launch forum shop" outside the United States. Maintaining US space dominance requires a homegrown commercial space industry – private companies offshoring gives China the advantage they need.Cahan and Sadat 21 ~(Bruce Cahan, J.D) (Dr. Mir Sadat, ) "US Space Policies for the New Space Age: Competing on the Final Economic Frontier," based on Proceedings from State of the Space Industrial Base 2020 Sponsored by United States Space Force, Defense Innovation Unit, United States Air Force Research Laboratory, 1/6/21, https://www.politico.com/f/?id=00000177-9349-d713-a777-d7cfce4b0000~~ TDI AND commercial, scientific, civil, or enhancing US competitiveness for cislunar leadership. Space dominance solves nuclear war. Undermines fourth gen warfighting.Yoo 18 – Emanuel S. Heller Professor of Law at the University of California, Berkeley, and a visiting scholar at AEI since 2003. He served as a deputy assistant attorney general in the Office of the Legal Counsel of the U.S. Department of Justice from 2001 to 2003, where he worked on constitutional and national security matters, as General Counsel of the U.S. Senate Committee on the Judiciary from 1995-96, and as a law clerk to Justice Clarence Thomas of the U.S. Supreme Court (John, Winning the Space Race, October 15th, http://www.aei.org/publication/winning-the-space-race/) *edited for offensive language AND , asymmetric warfare, and regional challengers—more effectively with less resources. Yes implementation – ~a~ if we win that the consequences of the general principle or unjust statement are bad and cause a nuclear war, then it takes out. ~b~ unjust means illegal.Free Dictionary No Date (TheFreeDictionary, xx-xx-xxxx, "Unjust," https://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Unjust) Lex CH 276, n.; Hein. Lec. El. Sec. 1080. | 12/18/21 |
JF - DA - DIB v2Tournament: Blake Invitational | Round: 6 | Opponent: Daniel Wochnick | Judge: Jacob Nails The US commercial space industry is booming – private space companies are driving innovation.Lindzon 21 ~(Jared Lindzon, A FREELANCE JOURNALIST AND PUBLIC SPEAKER BORN, RAISED AND BASED IN TORONTO, CANADA. LINDZON'S WRITING FOCUSES ON THE FUTURE OF WORK AND TALENT AS IT RELATES TO TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATION) "How Jeff Bezos and Elon Musk are ushering in a new era of space startups," Fast Company, 2/23/21, https://www.fastcompany.com/90606811/jeff-bezos-blue-origin-elon-musk-spaces-space~~ TDI AND curve here. Every week that goes by we’re picking up the pace." The plan creates a restriction that encourages companies to move their operations to states with lower standards.Albert 14 ~(Caley Albert, J.D. Loyola Marymount University) "Liability in International Law and the Ramifications on Commercial Space Launches and Space Tourism," Loyola of Los Angeles International and Comparative Law Review, 11/1/14, https://digitalcommons.lmu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1708andcontext=ilr~~ TDI AND might be drawn to "launch forum shop" outside the United States. Maintaining US space dominance requires a homegrown commercial space industry – private companies offshoring gives China the advantage they need.Cahan and Sadat 21 ~(Bruce Cahan, J.D) (Dr. Mir Sadat, ) "US Space Policies for the New Space Age: Competing on the Final Economic Frontier," based on Proceedings from State of the Space Industrial Base 2020 Sponsored by United States Space Force, Defense Innovation Unit, United States Air Force Research Laboratory, 1/6/21, https://www.politico.com/f/?id=00000177-9349-d713-a777-d7cfce4b0000~~ TDI AND commercial, scientific, civil, or enhancing US competitiveness for cislunar leadership. Space dominance solves nuclear war. Heg de-escalates all conflict scenarios.Yoo 18 – Emanuel S. Heller Professor of Law at the University of California, Berkeley, and a visiting scholar at AEI since 2003. He served as a deputy assistant attorney general in the Office of the Legal Counsel of the U.S. Department of Justice from 2001 to 2003, where he worked on constitutional and national security matters, as General Counsel of the U.S. Senate Committee on the Judiciary from 1995-96, and as a law clerk to Justice Clarence Thomas of the U.S. Supreme Court (John, Winning the Space Race, October 15th, http://www.aei.org/publication/winning-the-space-race/) *edited for offensive language AND , asymmetric warfare, and regional challengers—more effectively with less resources. Our claims accurately reflect Chinese attempts at great power competition in space.Broad 21 ~(William J, is a science journalist and senior writer.) "How Space Became the Next ‘Great Power’ Contest Between the U.S. and China," 1-24-2021 updated 5-6-2018, https://www.nytimes.com/2021/01/24/us/politics/trump-biden-pentagon-space-missiles-satellite.html~~ TDI AND the spacecraft but refrained from doing so, apparently to reduce their fingerprints. | 12/19/21 |
JF - DA - DIB v3Tournament: 47th University of Pennsylvania Tournament | Round: 6 | Opponent: Abigail Choi | Judge: Michael Harris Commercial space race favors american companies that cements space dominance – losing green-lights Chinese dominance across the board.Autry and Kwast 19 – Director of the Southern California Commercial Spaceflight Initiative-USC, PhD and former Prof of Entrepreneurship and Strategy-UC Irvine; Lt. Gen and Cmdr-USAF, Prof-Air University Greg Autry, PhD and MBA-UC Irvine, Director of the Southern California Commercial Spaceflight Initiative-USC, served on the NASA Agency Review Team and as White House Liaison at NASA, former Professor of Entrepreneurship, Strategy, and Econ-UC Irvine, on the editorial board of the New Space Journal, co-author of Death by China, Beijing’s Fight for the Final Frontier, and Steven L. Kwast, Lt Gen-USAF, Commander and President of Air University-Maxwell AFB, MA in Public Policy-Harvard's Kennedy School of Government, former National Defense Fellow-Institute for the Study of Conflict, Ideology and Policy at Boston University, America Is Losing the Second Space Race to China, 22 August 2019, https://foreignpolicy.com/2019/08/22/america-is-losing-the-second-space-race-to-china/ AND conflict while securing a better economic future for the nation and the world. Public sector space growth undermines innovation necessary to maintain U.S space dominance.Beames 21 ~Charles Beames, Charles is currently the Executive Chairman of York Space Systems, a leader in commercial satellite design and manufacturing, as well as Chairman of the SmallSat Alliance. He is also a retired Air Force Colonel, having served 23 years in space and intelligence leadership positions around the world, 9-30-2021, Forbes, "It Is Time Our Government Stops Competing Against The Commercial Space Industry", https://www.forbes.com/sites/charlesbeames/2021/09/30/it-is-time-our-government-stops-competing-against-the-commercial-space-industry/ accessed on 12-21-2021~ Adam AND very technologies we hope to leverage to secure America’s promising future in space. Primacy and allied commitments solve arms races and great power war – unipolarity is sustainable and prevents power vacuums and global escalation.Brands 18 ~(Hal, Henry Kissinger Distinguished Professor at Johns Hopkins University's School of Advanced International Studies and a senior fellow at the Center for Strategic and Budgetary Assessments) "American Grand Strategy in the Age of Trump," Page 129-133~ AND Russian and Chinese modernization efforts are now creating a far more competitive environment. | 2/18/22 |
JF - DA - DIB v4Tournament: 48th Annual Harvard National Forensics Tournament | Round: 5 | Opponent: Alexandria Hant | Judge: Andrew Shaw Commercial space race favors American Companies that cements space dominance – losing green-lights Chinese dominance across the board.Autry and Kwast 19 – Director of the Southern California Commercial Spaceflight Initiative-USC, PhD and former Prof of Entrepreneurship and Strategy-UC Irvine; Lt. Gen and Cmdr-USAF, Prof-Air University Greg Autry, PhD and MBA-UC Irvine, Director of the Southern California Commercial Spaceflight Initiative-USC, served on the NASA Agency Review Team and as White House Liaison at NASA, former Professor of Entrepreneurship, Strategy, and Econ-UC Irvine, on the editorial board of the New Space Journal, co-author of Death by China, Beijing’s Fight for the Final Frontier, and Steven L. Kwast, Lt Gen-USAF, Commander and President of Air University-Maxwell AFB, MA in Public Policy-Harvard's Kennedy School of Government, former National Defense Fellow-Institute for the Study of Conflict, Ideology and Policy at Boston University, America Is Losing the Second Space Race to China, 22 August 2019, https://foreignpolicy.com/2019/08/22/america-is-losing-the-second-space-race-to-china/ AND conflict while securing a better economic future for the nation and the world. Public sector space growth undermines innovation necessary to maintain U.S space dominance.Beames 21 ~Charles Beames, Charles is currently the Executive Chairman of York Space Systems, a leader in commercial satellite design and manufacturing, as well as Chairman of the SmallSat Alliance. He is also a retired Air Force Colonel, having served 23 years in space and intelligence leadership positions around the world, 9-30-2021, Forbes, "It Is Time Our Government Stops Competing Against The Commercial Space Industry", https://www.forbes.com/sites/charlesbeames/2021/09/30/it-is-time-our-government-stops-competing-against-the-commercial-space-industry/ accessed on 12-21-2021~ Adam AND very technologies we hope to leverage to secure America’s promising future in space. Undermines fourth gen warfighting – space dominance key.Yoo 18 – Emanuel S. Heller Professor of Law at the University of California, Berkeley, and a visiting scholar at AEI since 2003. He served as a deputy assistant attorney general in the Office of the Legal Counsel of the U.S. Department of Justice from 2001 to 2003, where he worked on constitutional and national security matters, as General Counsel of the U.S. Senate Committee on the Judiciary from 1995-96, and as a law clerk to Justice Clarence Thomas of the U.S. Supreme Court (John, Winning the Space Race, October 15th, http://www.aei.org/publication/winning-the-space-race/) *edited for offensive language AND , asymmetric warfare, and regional challengers—more effectively with less resources. Nuclear war causes extinction.Starr 15 (Steven. "Nuclear War: An Unrecognized Mass Extinction Event Waiting To Happen." Ratical. March 2015. https://ratical.org/radiation/NuclearExtinction/StevenStarr022815.html TG) AND the operational and deployed nuclear arsenals, will leave the Earth essentially uninhabitable. | 2/20/22 |
JF - DA - India Soft PowerTournament: Blake Invitational | Round: 1 | Opponent: Aleen Jude | Judge: Sam Anderson Space is an intrinsic part of India’s soft power expansion and they’re set to rapidly scale now.Sarthak Kathayat, Sarthak Kathayat is a student at Jamia Millia Islamia, India., NIICE NEPAL, 11-1-2020, "Soft Power and India’s Space Diplomacy," https://niice.org.np/archives/6420 TDI AND expected to remain an essential element for future course of India’s foreign policy. Private sector key to Indian space efforts.Raghu Krishnan, Raghu Krishnan is the technology editor for the Economic Times. In the over two decades of reporting and managing teams, he has seen the Indian IT industry grow from $ 1 billion to nearly $ 191 billion. He has a deep understanding of the shifts the Indian IT industry has undergone over the years. He has also covered science and India's aerospace RandD industry., 12-7-2020, "New space policy may take local companies global: Sivan," Economic Times, https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/science/new-space-policy-may-take-local-companies-global-sivan/articleshow/79599874.cms?from=mdr TDI AND and an approval is expected from the government by the end of December. India has led multiple non-proliferation movements and their benign perception is k2 maintaining US-China RelationsPethiyagoda 14 ~Kadira Pethiyagoda, a former diplomat whose PhD and upcoming book investigated Indian foreign policy. He was a visiting scholar at the University of Oxford, "India’s Soft Power Advantage," The Diplomat, 9/17/14, https://thediplomat.com/2014/09/indias-soft-power-advantage/~~ TDI AND time to solidify ties with one of the world’s most dynamic rising powers. Risk of US-China military confrontation in flashpoints inevitably go nuclear due to intermingled forces.Talmadge 18 ~Caitlin Talmadge, Associate Professor of Security Studies at the Edmund A. Walsh School of Foreign Service at Georgetown University, "Beijing’s Nuclear Option, Why a U.S.-Chinese War Could Spiral Out of Control," Foreign Affairs, https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/china/2018-10-15/beijings-nuclear-option, 10/15/18~ TDI AND and military tensions that might lead to a conflict in the first place. Nuclear war causes extinction.Starr 15 (Steven. "Nuclear War: An Unrecognized Mass Extinction Event Waiting To Happen." Ratical. March 2015. https://ratical.org/radiation/NuclearExtinction/StevenStarr022815.html TG) AND the operational and deployed nuclear arsenals, will leave the Earth essentially uninhabitable. | 12/18/21 |
JF - DA - PLATournament: 47th University of Pennsylvania Tournament | Round: 2 | Opponent: Andrew Kim | Judge: Kumail Zaidi CCP legitimacy high now.Yvonne Murray 22 ("2021 saw China's Xi Jinping tighten grip on power," 1/4/22, RTE (Ireland's National Public Service Media), https://www.rte.ie/news/2021/1231/1269202-china-year-in-review/)** AND as leader of an unapologetically authoritarian, deeply nationalistic and increasingly powerful regime. China’s "space dream" is key to Xi credibility – plan is a flip flop that undermines legitimacy.Economic Times 20 ~(Economic Times, Indian daily newspaper, internally cites Dean Cheng, Senior Research Fellow at the Heritage Foundation and the Davis Institute for National Security and Foreign Policy, former analyst in the International Security and Space Program at the Office of Technology Assessment, BA in Politics from Princeton University) "China attempting to militarize space as it seeks to modernize its military power," 8/31/2020~ JL AND space operations." The PLASSF Network Systems Department probably oversees satellite jamming operations. Nationalist officials spark intraparty conflict—Xi will launch diversionary war to domestic backlash – escalates in multiple hotspotsNorris 17, William J. Geostrategic Implications of China’s Twin Economic Challenges. CFR Discussion Paper, 2017. (Associate professor of Chinese foreign and security policy at Texas AandM University’s Bush School of Government and Public Service)Elmer AND resource is directed shifts away from industrial and export production toward domestic consumption. ====US–China war goes nuclear – crisis mis-management ensures conventional escalation – extinction. ==== AND forces could fail. They also know it might trigger a nuclear war. | 2/18/22 |
JF - NC - KantTournament: Blake Invitational | Round: 6 | Opponent: Daniel Wochnick | Judge: Jacob Nails The existence of conditional goodness requires the unconditional human worth—that means we must treat others as ends in themselves.Korsgaard 83 (Christine M., ~American philosopher and Arthur Kingsley Porter Professor of Philosophy at Harvard University whose main scholarly interests are in moral philosophy and its history "Two Distinctions in Goodness," The Philosophical Review Vol. 92, No. 2 (Apr. 1983), pp. 169-195, JSTOR) TDI AND -and, in general, to make the highest good our end. Next, any moral rule faces the problem of regress – I can keep asking "why should I follow this." Regress collapses to skep since no one can generate obligations absent grounds for accepting them. Only reason solves since asking "why reason?" asks for a reason for reasons, which concedes its authority.Thus, moral law must be universal—our judgements can’t only apply to ourselves any more than 2+24 can be true only for me. ==== Thus, the standard is consistency with the categorical imperative.Now Negate:1~ Libertarianism mandates a market-oriented approach to space—that negatesBroker 20 ~(Tyler, work has been published in the Gonzaga Law Review, the Albany Law Review and the University of Memphis Law Review.) "Space Law Can Only Be Libertarian Minded," Above the Law, 1-14-20, https://abovethelaw.com/2020/01/space-law-can-only-be-libertarian-minded/~~ TDI AND fidelity to a set of laws made possible, in such an existence. 2~ Space appropriation and exploration originates from private companies such as Space X and Blue Origin. Preventing such is a restriction on the ability of companies to set and pursue their ends and these companies gain contracts with the government for projects which turns promise breaking offense. | 12/19/21 |
JF - NC - Kant v2Tournament: 47th University of Pennsylvania Tournament | Round: 2 | Opponent: Andrew Kim | Judge: Kumail Zaidi Morality must be derived a priori: Is/ought gap – experience only tells us what is since we can only perceive what is, not what ought to be. But it’s impossible to derive an ought from descriptive premises, so there needs to be additional a priori premises to make a moral theory.The existence of conditional goodness requires the unconditional human worth—that means we must treat others as ends in themselves.Korsgaard 83 (Christine M., ~American philosopher and Arthur Kingsley Porter Professor of Philosophy at Harvard University whose main scholarly interests are in moral philosophy and its history "Two Distinctions in Goodness," The Philosophical Review Vol. 92, No. 2 (Apr. 1983), pp. 169-195, JSTOR) TDI AND -and, in general, to make the highest good our end. Next, any moral rule faces the problem of regress – I can keep asking "why should I follow this." Regress collapses to skep since no one can generate obligations absent grounds for accepting them. Only reason solves since asking "why reason?" asks for a reason for reasons, which concedes its authority.Thus, moral law must be universal—our judgements can’t only apply to ourselves any more than 2+24 can be true only for me. ==== Thus, the standard is consistency with the categorical imperative.Contention –1~ Libertarianism mandates a market-oriented approach to space—that negatesBroker 20 ~(Tyler, work has been published in the Gonzaga Law Review, the Albany Law Review and the University of Memphis Law Review.) "Space Law Can Only Be Libertarian Minded," Above the Law, 1-14-20, https://abovethelaw.com/2020/01/space-law-can-only-be-libertarian-minded/~~ TDI AND fidelity to a set of laws made possible, in such an existence. 2~ Space appropriation and exploration originates from private companies such as Space X and Blue Origin. Preventing such is a restriction on the ability of companies to set and pursue their ends and these companies gain contracts with the government for projects which turns promise breaking offense. | 2/18/22 |
JF - NC - Kant v3Tournament: 47th University of Pennsylvania Tournament | Round: 6 | Opponent: Abigail Choi | Judge: Michael Harris Morality must be derived a priori:1. Is/ought gap – experience only tells us what is since we can only perceive what is, not what ought to be. But it’s impossible to derive an ought from descriptive premises, so there needs to be additional a priori premises to make a moral theory.2. Uncertainty – experiences are locked within our own subjectivity and are inaccessible to others, however a priori principles are created in the noumenal world and are universally applied to all agents. Outweighs since founding ethics in the phenomenal world allows people to justify atrocities by saying they don’t experience the same.The existence of conditional goodness requires the unconditional human worth—that means we must treat others as ends in themselves.Korsgaard 83 (Christine M., ~American philosopher and Arthur Kingsley Porter Professor of Philosophy at Harvard University whose main scholarly interests are in moral philosophy and its history "Two Distinctions in Goodness," The Philosophical Review Vol. 92, No. 2 (Apr. 1983), pp. 169-195, JSTOR) TDI AND -and, in general, to make the highest good our end. Respecting humanity entails a right to liberty—actions without consent treat humans as means to an end.Korsgaard 93 Korsgaard, Christine. "The Reasons We Can Share: An Attack on the Distinction Between AgentRelative and Agent-Neutral Values." Harvard EDU, 1993, dash.harvard.edu/bitstream/handle/1/3196321/Korsgaard'ReasonsShare.pdf. Lex CH *bracket for gendered language AND own reason to determine whether and how he will contribute to what happens. Thus, the standard is treating humanity as an end in itself.Contention –1~ Libertarianism mandates a market-oriented approach to space—that negatesBroker 20 ~(Tyler, work has been published in the Gonzaga Law Review, the Albany Law Review and the University of Memphis Law Review.) "Space Law Can Only Be Libertarian Minded," Above the Law, 1-14-20, https://abovethelaw.com/2020/01/space-law-can-only-be-libertarian-minded/~~ TDI AND fidelity to a set of laws made possible, in such an existence. 2~ Property rights in space can be consistent with international lawSimberg 12 ~(Rand, MSE in technical management from West Coast University, recognized as an expert in space transportation by the Office of Technology Assessment) "Homesteading the Final Frontier A Practical Proposal for Securing Property Rights in Space," Competitive Enterprise Institute, April 2012, https://cei.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/04/Rand-Simberg-Homesteading-the-Final-Frontier.pdf~~ TDI AND provides support for the concept of individual claims off planet under Article II. 3~ Space appropriation and exploration originates from private companies such as Space X and Blue Origin. Preventing such is a restriction on the ability of companies to set and pursue their ends and these companies gain contracts with the government for projects which turns promise breaking offense.4~ Act omission distinction – otherwise we would be held accountable for an infinite amount of omission which justifies infinite obligations that negates because the status quos always a logical option and we can choose not to act and wouldn’t be held morally culpable. | 2/18/22 |
SO - CP - DistributionTournament: New York City Invitational Debate and Speech Tournament | Round: 5 | Opponent: Mabel Rieger | Judge: Yichen Zhu CP Text: The United States federal government ought tocooperate with allies to achieve increased production and global distribution of HIV/AID medicines and COVID-19 medicines.establish infrastructure in other nations via collaborations and partnerships necessary for production of medicines for future pandemics.Solves the aff: Donations and distributions allows for the people who need medicines the most to get access and allows for the establishment of infrastructure to combat future pandemics. | 10/24/21 |
SO - CP - LitigationTournament: Meadows Invitational | Round: Octas | Opponent: Adam Mimou | Judge: Truman Le, Jada Stinnett, Davina Le CP Text: The member nations of The WTO ought to maintain current IP protections and implement an at-risk approach whereby all profits from follow-on patents are vested as a bounty paid to the first firm who successfully invalidates the patent.The CP solves the case while maintaining incentives to innovate.Hacohen 2020 ~Uri Y. Hacohen, Research fellow at the Law, Economics, and Politics Center (LEAP), University of California at Berkeley School of Law "EVERGREENING AT RISK" Harvard Journal of Law and Technology Volume 33, Number 2 Spring 2020. https://poseidon01.ssrn.com/delivery.php?ID=319121006065081093000109068104109104056074007011089060073092002025097002014072001125123036060024038014002024000099127091111024103054002035031024118110112114119001030008080030066026103080031021096103093009083066088112093123024123087065020112014002008100andEXT=pdfandINDEX=TRUE~~ CT AND adverse incentive for brand-name and generic manufacturers to engage in anticompetitive settlements¬ | 11/2/21 |
SO - CP - Neolib ExcessTournament: Yale Invitational | Round: 3 | Opponent: Phyllis Wan | Judge: Amelia Ritenour CP Text: States shouldban resource extraction and mineral mining within the ocean, rainforest, and other natural ecosystemsban use of fossil fuelsdeclare that natural ecosystems have legal personhoodSolves the aff – the impact and internal link evidence describes the relationship between capitalism and the environment is fundamentally exploitative for-profit incentives, so it resolves the excess of neoliberalism. | 9/25/21 |
SO - DA - BioTechTournament: Meadows Invitational | Round: Octas | Opponent: Adam Mimou | Judge: Truman Le, Jada Stinnett, Davina Le AND the U.S. risks these technologies being mastered by Chinese companies. One and done model kills innovation—chilling effect.Magiera 2021 (Melissa S., J.D. Candidate, 2021, Indiana UniversityRobert H. McKinney School of Law; B.S. 2017, Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis – Indianapolis, Indiana. Recipient of the Papke Prize for Best Note in Volume 54, endowed by and named in honor of David R. Papke, former R. Bruce Townsend Professor of Law and faculty advisor to the Indiana Law Review "Leaving the Evergreening Problem to the Patent Experts—The USPTO, the PTAB, and the Federal Circuit" Indiana Law Review, 54(1), 195-220.)DR 21 AND innovation," which is what the patent system was created to protect. 101 Secondary patents are necessary for innovation of otherwise mediocre drugs—core to cancer and HIV treatmentsHolman 2018 (Christopher, Professor of Law, University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Law. "Why Follow-On Pharmaceutical Innovations Should Be Eligible For Patent Protection" https://www.ip-watch.org/2018/09/21/follow-pharmaceutical-innovations-eligible-patent-protection/ September 21, 2018)DR 21 AND to the development of drugs as a patent on the active ingredient itself. Biotech leadership key to future military primacy.Moore 21~(Scott Moore is a political scientist and administrator at the University of Pennsylvania and the author of a forthcoming book, "How China Shapes the Future," on China’s role in public goods and emerging technologies.) 8-8-2021, "In Biotech, the Industry of the Future, the U.S. Is Way Ahead of China," Lawfare, https://www.lawfareblog.com/biotech-industry-future-us-way-ahead-china~~//Lex AKu AND dramatically reduce the risk of sophisticated bioweapons development in the decades to come. Primacy and allied commitments solve arms races and great power war – unipolarity is sustainable and prevents power vacuums and global escalation.Brands 18 ~(Hal, Henry Kissinger Distinguished Professor at Johns Hopkins University's School of Advanced International Studies and a senior fellow at the Center for Strategic and Budgetary Assessments) "American Grand Strategy in the Age of Trump," Page 129-133~ AND Russian and Chinese modernization efforts are now creating a far more competitive environment. | 11/2/21 |
SO - DA - HegTournament: Yale Invitational | Round: 3 | Opponent: Phyllis Wan | Judge: Amelia Ritenour America’s maintaining heg and countering China’s rise, but sustained innovation and private sector investment are key.Harr 8/3 ~Scott, Army Special Forces Officer and Ph.D. Candidate at the Helms School of Government, Liberty University. He holds an undergraduate degree in Arabic Language Studies from West Point and a Master’s degree in Middle Eastern Affairs from Liberty University. A trained Arabic and Farsi speaker with over four years of cumulative deployment time in the Middle East, his work has been featured in The Diplomat, RealClearDefense, The Strategy Bridge, Modern War Institute, Military Review, The National Interest, and Joint Force Quarterly among other national security-focused venues, "By Avoiding Arms Races, America Can Counter China’s Rise", 08-03-2021, https://nationalinterest.org/feature/avoiding-arms-races-america-can-counter-chinaE28099s-rise-191094~~//pranav AND these historical impulses to remain a superpower in the twenty-first century. The affirmative’s reduction disincentivizes record setting innovation that causes spillover to other fields and destroys American hegemony and cedes dominance to China.Iancu 8/11 ~Andrei, American-Romanian engineer and intellectual property attorney, who served as the Under Secretary of Commerce for Intellectual Property and Director of the United States Patent and Trademark Office from 2017 to 2021, "Biden is trying to undermine America's world-leading IP protections", https://m.washingtontimes.com/news/2021/aug/11/biden-is-trying-to-undermine-americas-world-leadin/~~//pranav AND envy of the world. Waiving intellectual property rights could forfeit it all. Primacy and allied commitments solve arms races and great power war – unipolarity is sustainable and prevents power vacuums and global escalation.Brands 18 ~(Hal, Henry Kissinger Distinguished Professor at Johns Hopkins University's School of Advanced International Studies and a senior fellow at the Center for Strategic and Budgetary Assessments) "American Grand Strategy in the Age of Trump," Page 129-133~ AND Russian and Chinese modernization efforts are now creating a far more competitive environment. Yes, if we win that the consequences of the general principle are bad and cause a nuclear war, then it takes out. | 9/25/21 |
SO - DA - Heg v2Tournament: New York City Invitational Debate and Speech Tournament | Round: 1 | Opponent: Colin Duffy | Judge: Elise Matton America’s maintaining heg and countering China’s rise, but sustained innovation and private sector investment are key.Harr 8/3 ~Scott, Army Special Forces Officer and Ph.D. Candidate at the Helms School of Government, Liberty University. He holds an undergraduate degree in Arabic Language Studies from West Point and a Master’s degree in Middle Eastern Affairs from Liberty University. A trained Arabic and Farsi speaker with over four years of cumulative deployment time in the Middle East, his work has been featured in The Diplomat, RealClearDefense, The Strategy Bridge, Modern War Institute, Military Review, The National Interest, and Joint Force Quarterly among other national security-focused venues, "By Avoiding Arms Races, America Can Counter China’s Rise", 08-03-2021, https://nationalinterest.org/feature/avoiding-arms-races-america-can-counter-chinaE28099s-rise-191094~~//pranav AND these historical impulses to remain a superpower in the twenty-first century. The affirmative’s reduction disincentivizes record setting innovation that causes spillover to other fields and destroys American hegemony and cedes dominance to China.Iancu 8/11 ~Andrei, American-Romanian engineer and intellectual property attorney, who served as the Under Secretary of Commerce for Intellectual Property and Director of the United States Patent and Trademark Office from 2017 to 2021, "Biden is trying to undermine America's world-leading IP protections", https://m.washingtontimes.com/news/2021/aug/11/biden-is-trying-to-undermine-americas-world-leadin/~~//pranav AND envy of the world. Waiving intellectual property rights could forfeit it all. Chinese leadership in technology causes extinction.Kroenig 18 ~Matthew, Associate Professor of Government and Foreign Service at Georgetown University and Deputy Director for Strategy in the Scowcroft Center for Strategy and Security at the Atlantic Council, and Bharath Gopalaswamy, Director of the South Asia Center at the Atlantic Council, holds a PhD in mechanical engineering with a specialization in numerical acoustics from Trinity College, Dublin, Nov 2018, "Will disruptive technology cause nuclear war?", Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, https://thebulletin.org/2018/11/will-disruptive-technology-cause-nuclear-war~~ AND race for technological superiority to its autocratic challengers just might mean nuclear Armageddon. | 10/15/21 |
SO - DA - Heg v3Tournament: Meadows Invitational | Round: Doubles | Opponent: Dhruv Raghavan | Judge: Gordon Krauss, Kabir Dubey, Aryan Jasani America’s maintaining heg and countering China’s rise, but sustained innovation and private sector investment are key.Harr 8/3 ~Scott, Army Special Forces Officer and Ph.D. Candidate at the Helms School of Government, Liberty University. He holds an undergraduate degree in Arabic Language Studies from West Point and a Master’s degree in Middle Eastern Affairs from Liberty University. A trained Arabic and Farsi speaker with over four years of cumulative deployment time in the Middle East, his work has been featured in The Diplomat, RealClearDefense, The Strategy Bridge, Modern War Institute, Military Review, The National Interest, and Joint Force Quarterly among other national security-focused venues, "By Avoiding Arms Races, America Can Counter China’s Rise", 08-03-2021, https://nationalinterest.org/feature/avoiding-arms-races-america-can-counter-chinaE28099s-rise-191094~~//pranav AND these historical impulses to remain a superpower in the twenty-first century. The affirmative’s reduction disincentivizes record setting innovation that causes spillover to other fields and destroys American hegemony and cedes dominance to China.Iancu 8/11 ~Andrei, American-Romanian engineer and intellectual property attorney, who served as the Under Secretary of Commerce for Intellectual Property and Director of the United States Patent and Trademark Office from 2017 to 2021, "Biden is trying to undermine America's world-leading IP protections", https://m.washingtontimes.com/news/2021/aug/11/biden-is-trying-to-undermine-americas-world-leadin/~~//pranav AND envy of the world. Waiving intellectual property rights could forfeit it all. One and done model kills innovation—chilling effect.Magiera 2021 (Melissa S., J.D. Candidate, 2021, Indiana UniversityRobert H. McKinney School of Law; B.S. 2017, Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis – Indianapolis, Indiana. Recipient of the Papke Prize for Best Note in Volume 54, endowed by and named in honor of David R. Papke, former R. Bruce Townsend Professor of Law and faculty advisor to the Indiana Law Review "Leaving the Evergreening Problem to the Patent Experts—The USPTO, the PTAB, and the Federal Circuit" Indiana Law Review, 54(1), 195-220.)DR 21 AND innovation," which is what the patent system was created to protect. 101 Primacy and allied commitments solve arms races and great power war – unipolarity is sustainable and prevents power vacuums and global escalation.Brands 18 ~(Hal, Henry Kissinger Distinguished Professor at Johns Hopkins University's School of Advanced International Studies and a senior fellow at the Center for Strategic and Budgetary Assessments) "American Grand Strategy in the Age of Trump," Page 129-133~ AND Russian and Chinese modernization efforts are now creating a far more competitive environment. Nuclear war causes extinction.Starr 15 (Steven. "Nuclear War: An Unrecognized Mass Extinction Event Waiting To Happen." Ratical. March 2015. https://ratical.org/radiation/NuclearExtinction/StevenStarr022815.html TG) AND the operational and deployed nuclear arsenals, will leave the Earth essentially uninhabitable. | 10/31/21 |
SO - DA - InfrastructureTournament: New York City Invitational Debate and Speech Tournament | Round: 1 | Opponent: Colin Duffy | Judge: Elise Matton The Debt Ceiling expansion gives Democrats two months to finalize and pass Biden’s spending package – every moment is necessary to resolve intraparty disputes.Cochrane 10/7 Cochrane, Emily. Emily Cochrane is a correspondent based in Washington. She has covered Congress since late 2018, focusing on the annual debate over government funding and economic legislation, ranging from emergency pandemic relief to infrastructure. "Senate Leaders Agree to Vote on Short-Term Debt Ceiling Increase." N.Y. Times, 7 Oct. 2021, www.nytimes.com/2021/10/07/us/politics/debt-ceiling-senate.html. AND " to use the reconciliation process to approve a long-term increase. Pushing a WTO takes floor-time, energy, and political capital away from domestic legislation – big pharma and EU allies.Bhadrakumar 5/9 M K Bhadrakumar is a former Indian diplomat. "Biden’s talk of vaccine IP waiver is political theater." Asia Times, May 9, 2021, asiatimes.com/2021/05/bidens-talk-of-vaccine-ip-waiver-is-political-theater. AND , the European Union and the US, who all opposed the idea. Package is sufficient, necessary, and the last opportunity to solve climate change.Leber 10/7 Leber, Rebecca. Rebecca Leber covers climate change for Vox. Before joining Vox, she was an environmental reporter at Mother Jones, where her investigations exposed government corruption and fossil fuel industry disinformation. She has worked as a staff writer at Grist, The New Republic, and ThinkProgress. A dozen more outlets have published her work over her decade as a climate journalist. "A last chance for US climate action: Democrats’ Build Back Better and infrastructure bills." Vox, 7 Oct. 2021, www.vox.com/22685920/democrats-infrastructure-build-back-better-climate-change. AND that can really help catalyze more ambition from other countries," Cleetus said. Extinction —- latest studies prove, prefer this over pure speculation.Sprat 19 (David Spratt and Ian Dunlop, Research Director for Breakthrough National Centre for Climate Restoration and co-author of Climate Code Red: The case for emergency action; member of the Club of Rome AND formerly an international oil, gas and coal industry executive, chairman of the Australian Coal Association, chief executive of the Australian Institute of Company Directors, and chair of the Australian Greenhouse Office Experts Group on Emissions Trading, "Existential climate-related security risk: A scenario approach," Breakthrough National Centre for Climate Restoration, 5-30-2019, https://docs.wixstatic.com/ugd/148cb0'90dc2a2637f348edae45943a88da04d4.pdf, Date Accessed: 7-5-2019, SB) AND , with a high likelihood of human civilisation coming to an end". 22 | 10/15/21 |
SO - DA - Infrastructure v2Tournament: Meadows Invitational | Round: 4 | Opponent: Nathalie Leung | Judge: Joseph Barquin Bill passes now – negotiations are holding but UN meeting and state elections make it so that there is no margin for error.Edmonson and Cochrane 10-24 Catie Edmondson and Emily Cochrane, 10-24-2021, "Biden Meets With Manchin and Schumer as Democrats Race to Finish Social Policy Bill," New York Times, https://www.nytimes.com/2021/10/24/us/politics/biden-manchin-schumer-spending-bill.html/SJKS AND for him to accept more spending in order to avoid dropping other programs. Pushing a WTO takes floor-time, energy, and political capital away from domestic legislation – big pharma and EU allies.Bhadrakumar 5/9 M K Bhadrakumar is a former Indian diplomat. "Biden’s talk of vaccine IP waiver is political theater." Asia Times, May 9, 2021, asiatimes.com/2021/05/bidens-talk-of-vaccine-ip-waiver-is-political-theater. AND , the European Union and the US, who all opposed the idea. Package is sufficient, necessary, and the last opportunity to solve climate change—-extinction.Leber 10/7 Leber, Rebecca. Rebecca Leber covers climate change for Vox. Before joining Vox, she was an environmental reporter at Mother Jones, where her investigations exposed government corruption and fossil fuel industry disinformation. She has worked as a staff writer at Grist, The New Republic, and ThinkProgress. A dozen more outlets have published her work over her decade as a climate journalist. "A last chance for US climate action: Democrats’ Build Back Better and infrastructure bills." Vox, 7 Oct. 2021, www.vox.com/22685920/democrats-infrastructure-build-back-better-climate-change. AND that can really help catalyze more ambition from other countries," Cleetus said. | 10/30/21 |
SO - DA - Infrastructure v3Tournament: Meadows Invitational | Round: 6 | Opponent: Marianne Liu | Judge: Eliza Haas Budget passes now – PC is key.BBC 10-28-2021 ("Biden announces revamped $1.75 trillion social spending plan," https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-59081791) AND week," he told Democrats on Thursday morning, according to US media. Pushing a WTO takes floor-time, energy, and political capital away from domestic legislation – big pharma and EU allies.Bhadrakumar 5/9 M K Bhadrakumar is a former Indian diplomat. "Biden’s talk of vaccine IP waiver is political theater." Asia Times, May 9, 2021, asiatimes.com/2021/05/bidens-talk-of-vaccine-ip-waiver-is-political-theater. AND , the European Union and the US, who all opposed the idea. Package is sufficient, necessary, and the last opportunity to solve climate change—-extinction.Leber 10/7 Leber, Rebecca. Rebecca Leber covers climate change for Vox. Before joining Vox, she was an environmental reporter at Mother Jones, where her investigations exposed government corruption and fossil fuel industry disinformation. She has worked as a staff writer at Grist, The New Republic, and ThinkProgress. A dozen more outlets have published her work over her decade as a climate journalist. "A last chance for US climate action: Democrats’ Build Back Better and infrastructure bills." Vox, 7 Oct. 2021, www.vox.com/22685920/democrats-infrastructure-build-back-better-climate-change. AND that can really help catalyze more ambition from other countries," Cleetus said. | 10/31/21 |
SO - NC - KantTournament: Meadows Invitational | Round: 2 | Opponent: Saif Agha | Judge: Conal Thomas-McGinnis Ethics must be derived apriroi:1~ Uncertainty – experiences are locked within our own subjectivity and are inaccessible to others, however a priori principles are created in the noumenal world and are universally applied to all agents. Outweighs since founding ethics in the phenomenal world allows people to justify atrocities by saying they don’t experience the same.2~ Is/Ought Gap – experience in the phenomenal world only tells us what is since we can only perceive what is, not what ought to be. But it’s impossible to derive an ought from descriptive premises, so there needs to be additional a priori premises within the noumenal world to make a moral theory.The existence of conditional goodness requires the unconditional human worth—that means we must treat others as ends in themselves.Korsgaard 83 (Christine M., ~American philosopher and Arthur Kingsley Porter Professor of Philosophy at Harvard University whose main scholarly interests are in moral philosophy and its history "Two Distinctions in Goodness," The Philosophical Review Vol. 92, No. 2 (Apr. 1983), pp. 169-195, JSTOR) TDI AND -and, in general, to make the highest good our end. Next, any moral rule faces the problem of regress – I can keep asking "why should I follow this." Regress collapses to skep since no one can generate obligations absent grounds for accepting them. Only reason solves since asking "why reason?" asks for a reason for reasons, which concedes its authority.Thus, moral law must be universal—our judgements can’t only apply to ourselves any more than 2+24 can be true only for me. ==== Prefer:1~ Other frameworks collapse—they contain conditional obligations which derive their authority from the categorical imperative.Korsgaard 98 ~CHRISTINE M. KORSGAARD, greatest philosopher alive, 1998, "Introduction", Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals~ AG Recut Lex AKu AND act on those principles, principles which are themselves laws. Kant continues: 2~ Performativity—freedom is the key to the process of justification of arguments. Willing that we should abide by their ethical theory presupposes that we own ourselves in the first place. Thus, it is logically incoherent to justify a standard without first willing that we can pursue ends free from others.Thus, the standard is consistency with the categorical imperative.Now Negate:1~ Patents protect private companies.Na 19 ~Blake Na, "Protecting Intellectual Property Rights in the Pharmaceutical Industry", Chicago-Kent | Journal of Intellectual Property, 4-19-2019, https://studentorgs.kentlaw.iit.edu/ckjip/protecting-intellectual-property-rights-in-the-pharmaceutical-industry/, accessed: 8-24-2021.~ Lex VM AND , pharmaceutical companies often face difficulty with the high costs and uncertainty of litigation That negates – A~ Promise breaking – states promised legally binding IP protections to companies who might not have otherwise developed medicines – the aff is a unilateral violation of that contract. B~ That’s a form of restricting the free economic choices of individuals.2~ Reducing protections of IP leads to theft and the free riding of ideas.Van Dyke 18 ~Raymond Van Dyke, Technology and Intellectual Property Attorney and Patent Practitioner, 7-17-2018, accessed on 8-8-2021, IPWatchdog, "The Categorical Imperative for Innovation and Patenting", https://www.ipwatchdog.com/2018/07/17/categorical-imperative-innovation-patenting/id=99178/~~ D.Ying recut Lex VM AND United States, and even a Categorical Imperative that we must do it! 3~ IP is property in the same way our health and labor are too.D’Amato 14 ~David S. D’Amato, David S. D’Amato is an attorney, a regular opinion contributor at The Hill, and an expert policy advisor to the Future of Freedom Foundation and the Heartland Institute. His writing has appeared in Forbes, Newsweek, The American Spectator, the Washington Examiner, Investor’s Business Daily, The Daily Caller, RealClearPolicy, Townhall, CounterPunch, and many others, as well as at nonpartisan, nonpartisan policy organizations such as the American Institute for Economic Research, the Centre for Policy Studies, the Institute for Economic Affairs, the Foundation for Economic Education, and the Institute for Ethics and Emerging Technologies, among others. He earned a JD from New England School of Law and an LLM in Global Law and Technology from Suffolk University Law School. He lives and writes in Chicago. "Libertarian Views of Intellectual Property: Rothbard, Tucker, Spooner, and Rand", Libertarianism.org, 5-28-2014, https://www.libertarianism.org/columns/libertarian-views-intellectual-property-rothbard-tucker-spooner-rand, accessed: 8-25-2021.~ Lex VM AND depends fundamentally upon something that cannot be seen or touched, human effort. 4~ Neg contention choice – otherwise they can concede all of our work on framework and just read 4 minutes of turns which moots the four minutes of framework debate that the 1NC did giving them a massive advantage and limits phil debate.5~ There is a distinction between action and omission –No act/omission distinction is infinitely regressive because it means that you are culpable for everything since you are technically aware of anything. That negates – omitting is a morally permissible action to avoid culpability, you can choose to omit from any ethical action which means the squo is ok and theres no moral obligation to do the aff. | 10/30/21 |
SO - NC - Kant v2Tournament: Meadows Invitational | Round: 6 | Opponent: Marianne Liu | Judge: Eliza Haas The existence of conditional goodness requires the unconditional human worth—that means we must treat others as ends in themselves.Korsgaard 83 (Christine M., ~American philosopher and Arthur Kingsley Porter Professor of Philosophy at Harvard University whose main scholarly interests are in moral philosophy and its history "Two Distinctions in Goodness," The Philosophical Review Vol. 92, No. 2 (Apr. 1983), pp. 169-195, JSTOR) TDI AND -and, in general, to make the highest good our end. Next, any moral rule faces the problem of regress – I can keep asking "why should I follow this." Regress collapses to skep since no one can generate obligations absent grounds for accepting them. Only reason solves since asking "why reason?" asks for a reason for reasons, which concedes its authority.Thus, moral law must be universal—our judgements can’t only apply to ourselves any more than 2+24 can be true only for me. ==== Thus, the standard is consistency with the categorical imperative.Now Negate:1~ Patents protect private companies.Na 19 ~Blake Na, "Protecting Intellectual Property Rights in the Pharmaceutical Industry", Chicago-Kent | Journal of Intellectual Property, 4-19-2019, https://studentorgs.kentlaw.iit.edu/ckjip/protecting-intellectual-property-rights-in-the-pharmaceutical-industry/, accessed: 8-24-2021.~ Lex VM AND , pharmaceutical companies often face difficulty with the high costs and uncertainty of litigation That negates – A~ Promise breaking – states promised legally binding IP protections to companies who might not have otherwise developed medicines – the aff is a unilateral violation of that contract. B~ That’s a form of restricting the free economic choices of individuals.2~ Reducing protections of IP leads to theft and the free riding of ideas.Van Dyke 18 ~Raymond Van Dyke, Technology and Intellectual Property Attorney and Patent Practitioner, 7-17-2018, accessed on 8-8-2021, IPWatchdog, "The Categorical Imperative for Innovation and Patenting", https://www.ipwatchdog.com/2018/07/17/categorical-imperative-innovation-patenting/id=99178/~~ D.Ying recut Lex VM AND United States, and even a Categorical Imperative that we must do it! | 10/31/21 |
SO - T - NebelTournament: Meadows Invitational | Round: Doubles | Opponent: Dhruv Raghavan | Judge: Gordon Krauss, Kabir Dubey, Aryan Jasani Interpretation: "intellectual property protections" is a generic bare plural. The aff may not defend WTO member nations reducing a subset of intellectual property protections for medicines.Nebel 19 (Jake Nebel is an assistant professor of philosophy at the University of Southern California and executive director of Victory Briefs. He writes a lot of this stuff lol – duh.~ "Genericity on the Standardized Tests Resolution." Vbriefly. August 12, 2019. https://www.vbriefly.com/2019/08/12/genericity-on-the-standardized-tests-resolution/?fbclid=IwAR0hUkKdDzHWrNeqEVI7m59pwsnmqLl490n4uRLQTe7bWmWDO'avWCNzi14) TG AND "colleges and universities" is generic rather than existential in the resolution. It applies to IPP: ~a~ Upward entailment test – saying that nations ought to reduce one type of IPP does not entail that those nations ought to reduce all kinds of IPP ~b~ Adverb test – adding "usually" to the res doesn’t substantially change its meaning because a reduction is universal and permanent.Violation – they only defend one added condition to IPPVote Negative(1) Limits – you can pick anything from patent evergreening to patent delays to data exclusivity to EU trade secrets. There’s no universal disad since each one has a different function and implications – explodes neg prep and leads to random IP of the week affs which makes cutting stable neg links impossible.(2) Precision is an independent voter and outweighs – anything else justifies the aff arbitrarily jettisoning words in the resolution at their whim which decks negative ground and preparation because the aff is no longer bounded by the resolution.Fairness and education are voters – debate’s a game that needs rules to evaluate it and education gives us portable skills for life like research and thinking.T is DTD – indict of the advocacy of the 1ac so its illogical to drop the plan.Use competing interps – a) reasonability invites arbitrary judge intervention since we don’t know your bs meter, b) collapses to competing interps – we justify 2 brightlines under an offense defense paradigm just like 2 interps.No RVIs – a) illogical – you shouldn’t win for being fair – it’s a litmus test for engaging in substance, b) chilling effect – forces you to split your 2AR so you can’t collapse and misconstrue the 2NR. | 10/31/21 |
SO - T - ReduceTournament: Meadows Invitational | Round: Octas | Opponent: Adam Mimou | Judge: Truman Le, Jada Stinnett, Davina Le Interpretation: Reduce means unconditional and permanentReynolds 59 – Judge (In the Matter of Doris A. Montesani, Petitioner, v. Arthur Levitt, as Comptroller of the State of New York, et al., Respondents ~NO NUMBER IN ORIGINAL~ Supreme Court of New York, Appellate Division, Third Department 9 A.D.2d 51; 189 N.Y.S.2d 695; 1959 N.Y. App. Div. LEXIS 7391 August 13, 1959, lexis) AND or degrade. The word "reduce" seems adequately to indicate permanency. Violation: Companies can still choose exclusive patent protection and data exclusivity1NC Feldman 3 Robin Feldman 2-11-2019 "‘One-and-done’ for new drugs could cut patent thickets and boost generic competition" https://www.statnews.com/2019/02/11/drug-patent-protection-one-done/ (Arthur J. Goldberg Distinguished Professor of Law, Albert Abramson ’54 Distinguished Professor of Law Chair, and Director of the Center for Innovation)SidK + Elmer AND right now, the incentives for creating patent walls are just too great. Vote neg:1—Limits—there are dozens of conditions that the aff could use to justify offsets in expansion: manufacturing, innovation, distribution, etc—makes NEG prep impossible.2—Ground—they don’t result in a tangible change to a world without IP Protections, unless the conditions are triggered—wrecks DA ground predicated on IPR goodNo RVI’s – illogical to win for meeting the burden of being fair, and encourages unfair affs to bait out T arguments and go for the RVICompeting Interps – reasonability is arbitrary and forces the judge to intervene to decide if aff defense is sufficient. If its not, it collapses because you compare offense vs defense which is definitionally competing interps. | 11/2/21 |
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