Lexington Ghosh Neg
| Tournament | Round | Opponent | Judge | Cites | Round Report | Open Source | Edit/Delete |
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| Apple Valley MinneApple Debate Tournament | 5 | Harrison MB | Silma Bathily |
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| Apple Valley MinneApple Debate Tournament | 4 | West Des Moines Valley MM | Chris Castillo |
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| Apple Valley MinneApple Debate Tournament | 2 | Lincoln East SE | Wyatt Hatfield |
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| Duke Invitational | 5 | Neenah IH | Srinath Alapati |
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| Duke Invitational | 4 | Durham AA | Callie Ham |
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| Duke Invitational | 1 | Atlee EK | X Braithwaite |
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| Florida Blue Key Round Robin | 2 | Lexington BF | Amadea Datel, Sreyaash Das |
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| Florida Blue Key Round Robin | 3 | Lake Highland Prep AB | Tajaih Robinson, Wyatt Hatfield |
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| Florida Blue Key Speech and Debate Tournament | 2 | Scarsdale DD | Keshav Dandu |
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| Florida Blue Key Speech and Debate Tournament | 6 | Lake Highland Prep AVe | Breigh Plat |
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| Florida Blue Key Speech and Debate Tournament | 4 | Bellarmine AK | Spencer Orlowski |
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| Glenbrooks Speech and Debate Tournament | 6 | BASIS Peoria PY | Austin Broussard |
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| Glenbrooks Speech and Debate Tournament | 7 | Los Altos BF | Arianna Nelson |
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| Glenbrooks Speech and Debate Tournament | 4 | Sam Barlow EL | Mark Kivimaki |
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| Glenbrooks Speech and Debate Tournament | 2 | Ardsley ZS | Javier Navarette |
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| Glenbrooks Speech and Debate Tournament | Doubles | Garland LY | Javier Navarette, Jayanne Forrest, Austin Broussard |
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| Grapevine Classic | 4 | Harrison JC | Annie Wang |
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| Grapevine Classic | 1 | Coppell RM | Chris Castillo |
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| Grapevine Classic | Triples | Strake Jesuit JS | Favian Sun |
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| Grapevine Classic | 5 | McNeil AG | Favian Sun |
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| Harvard Westlake Debates DebateLA Challenge | 2 | NorChr LB | David Dosch, Claudia Ribera |
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| Harvard Westlake Debates DebateLA Challenge | 4 | Presentation NR | Krish Patel, Vishan Chaudhary |
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| Harvard Westlake Debates DebateLA Challenge | 5 | Isidore Newman EE | Joel Lemuel, Derek Hilligoss |
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| Heart of Texas Invitational | 2 | Harvard-Westlake AT | Colton Gilbert |
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| Heart of Texas Invitational | 4 | Southlake Carroll EP | David Herrera |
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| Heart of Texas Invitational | 5 | Southlake Carroll PK | Chris Castillo |
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| Heart of Texas Invitational | Octas | Homestead SL | Chris Castillo, Javier Navarette, Joseph Barquin |
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| Isidore Newman School Invitational | 3 | Bentonville West KM | Tajaih Robinson |
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| Isidore Newman School Invitational | Semis | Harrison MB | Jacob Lugo, Becca Steiner, John Sims |
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| Isidore Newman School Invitational | 5 | Cabot AC | Kiarra Broadnax |
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| Isidore Newman School Invitational | 1 | Coppell EH | Nelson Okunlola |
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| John Edie Holiday Debates Hosted by The Blake School | 3 | Eagan AE | Mike Girouard |
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| John Edie Holiday Debates Hosted by The Blake School | 5 | Lincoln East BH | Jacob Nails |
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| John Edie Holiday Debates Hosted by The Blake School | Doubles | Edina NK | Pratham Soni, Mike Girouard, Kaija Snyder |
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| John Edie Holiday Debates Hosted by The Blake School | 1 | Isidore Newman EE | Kaya Czyz |
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| Mid America Cup | 5 | Strake Jesuit JS | Ian Matuszeski |
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| Mid America Cup | 4 | Northern Valley HS Independent James Song | Phoenix Pittman |
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| Mid America Cup | 1 | American Heritage Broward Jessica Wong | Tajaih Robinson |
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| TDI Camp Tournament | 1 | Wheel of Cannibalism Spundan Kapoor | Tej Gedela |
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| TDI Camp Tournament | 4 | LaRPeRs Christian Han | Samantha McLoughlin |
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| TDI Camp Tournament | 3 | LaRPeRs Pranav Kaginele | Jonathan Jeong |
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| The Newark Invitational 2022 | 1 | Ridge MS | Julian Kuffour |
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| The Newark Invitational 2022 | 4 | Peninsula RM | Anshuman Mishra |
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| Yale University Invitational | 2 | Mission San Jose SR | Animesh Joshi |
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| Yale University Invitational | 4 | Millburn AK | Conal Thomas-McGinnis |
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| Yale University Invitational | 5 | Byram Hills SH | Tajaih Robinson |
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| gradtinggatangn | Finals | your mom | me |
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| Tournament | Round | Report |
|---|---|---|
| Apple Valley MinneApple Debate Tournament | 5 | Opponent: Harrison MB | Judge: Silma Bathily ac- sex workers |
| Apple Valley MinneApple Debate Tournament | 4 | Opponent: West Des Moines Valley MM | Judge: Chris Castillo ac- asian melancholy |
| Apple Valley MinneApple Debate Tournament | 2 | Opponent: Lincoln East SE | Judge: Wyatt Hatfield ac- kant lay |
| Duke Invitational | 5 | Opponent: Neenah IH | Judge: Srinath Alapati ac- structural violence education adv native adv |
| Duke Invitational | 4 | Opponent: Durham AA | Judge: Callie Ham ac- covid |
| Duke Invitational | 1 | Opponent: Atlee EK | Judge: X Braithwaite ac- vaccine inequality |
| Florida Blue Key Round Robin | 2 | Opponent: Lexington BF | Judge: Amadea Datel, Sreyaash Das ac- whole res |
| Florida Blue Key Round Robin | 3 | Opponent: Lake Highland Prep AB | Judge: Tajaih Robinson, Wyatt Hatfield ac- alienation |
| Florida Blue Key Speech and Debate Tournament | 2 | Opponent: Scarsdale DD | Judge: Keshav Dandu ac- kant |
| Florida Blue Key Speech and Debate Tournament | 6 | Opponent: Lake Highland Prep AVe | Judge: Breigh Plat ac- climate strikes |
| Florida Blue Key Speech and Debate Tournament | 4 | Opponent: Bellarmine AK | Judge: Spencer Orlowski ac- carcerality |
| Glenbrooks Speech and Debate Tournament | 6 | Opponent: BASIS Peoria PY | Judge: Austin Broussard ac- philimonster |
| Glenbrooks Speech and Debate Tournament | 7 | Opponent: Los Altos BF | Judge: Arianna Nelson ac- badiou v3 |
| Glenbrooks Speech and Debate Tournament | 4 | Opponent: Sam Barlow EL | Judge: Mark Kivimaki ac- empire |
| Glenbrooks Speech and Debate Tournament | 2 | Opponent: Ardsley ZS | Judge: Javier Navarette ac- new deleuze |
| Glenbrooks Speech and Debate Tournament | Doubles | Opponent: Garland LY | Judge: Javier Navarette, Jayanne Forrest, Austin Broussard ac- blackness |
| Grapevine Classic | 4 | Opponent: Harrison JC | Judge: Annie Wang AC- racial cap |
| Grapevine Classic | 1 | Opponent: Coppell RM | Judge: Chris Castillo AC- Cap |
| Grapevine Classic | Triples | Opponent: Strake Jesuit JS | Judge: Favian Sun ac- korsgaard |
| Grapevine Classic | 5 | Opponent: McNeil AG | Judge: Favian Sun ac- biopiracy |
| Harvard Westlake Debates DebateLA Challenge | 2 | Opponent: NorChr LB | Judge: David Dosch, Claudia Ribera ac- china |
| Harvard Westlake Debates DebateLA Challenge | 4 | Opponent: Presentation NR | Judge: Krish Patel, Vishan Chaudhary ac- set col |
| Harvard Westlake Debates DebateLA Challenge | 5 | Opponent: Isidore Newman EE | Judge: Joel Lemuel, Derek Hilligoss ac- ptd |
| Heart of Texas Invitational | 2 | Opponent: Harvard-Westlake AT | Judge: Colton Gilbert AC- covid |
| Heart of Texas Invitational | 4 | Opponent: Southlake Carroll EP | Judge: David Herrera ac- weed |
| Heart of Texas Invitational | 5 | Opponent: Southlake Carroll PK | Judge: Chris Castillo ac- jordan |
| Heart of Texas Invitational | Octas | Opponent: Homestead SL | Judge: Chris Castillo, Javier Navarette, Joseph Barquin ac- hapticality |
| Isidore Newman School Invitational | 3 | Opponent: Bentonville West KM | Judge: Tajaih Robinson ac- marxist feminism |
| Isidore Newman School Invitational | Semis | Opponent: Harrison MB | Judge: Jacob Lugo, Becca Steiner, John Sims ac- prison workers |
| Isidore Newman School Invitational | 5 | Opponent: Cabot AC | Judge: Kiarra Broadnax ac- feminist marxism |
| Isidore Newman School Invitational | 1 | Opponent: Coppell EH | Judge: Nelson Okunlola ac- structural violence |
| John Edie Holiday Debates Hosted by The Blake School | 3 | Opponent: Eagan AE | Judge: Mike Girouard ac- space exploration |
| John Edie Holiday Debates Hosted by The Blake School | 5 | Opponent: Lincoln East BH | Judge: Jacob Nails ac- space debris |
| John Edie Holiday Debates Hosted by The Blake School | Doubles | Opponent: Edina NK | Judge: Pratham Soni, Mike Girouard, Kaija Snyder AC- space debris |
| John Edie Holiday Debates Hosted by The Blake School | 1 | Opponent: Isidore Newman EE | Judge: Kaya Czyz ac- full rez PTD |
| Mid America Cup | 5 | Opponent: Strake Jesuit JS | Judge: Ian Matuszeski ac- kant |
| Mid America Cup | 4 | Opponent: Northern Valley HS Independent James Song | Judge: Phoenix Pittman ac- burdens |
| Mid America Cup | 1 | Opponent: American Heritage Broward Jessica Wong | Judge: Tajaih Robinson ac- ethical reciprocity |
| TDI Camp Tournament | 1 | Opponent: Wheel of Cannibalism Spundan Kapoor | Judge: Tej Gedela ac- space mining |
| TDI Camp Tournament | 4 | Opponent: LaRPeRs Christian Han | Judge: Samantha McLoughlin AC- Space Mining |
| TDI Camp Tournament | 3 | Opponent: LaRPeRs Pranav Kaginele | Judge: Jonathan Jeong AC- Cybernetics |
| The Newark Invitational 2022 | 1 | Opponent: Ridge MS | Judge: Julian Kuffour ac- space communism |
| The Newark Invitational 2022 | 4 | Opponent: Peninsula RM | Judge: Anshuman Mishra ac- cosmic colonialism |
| Yale University Invitational | 2 | Opponent: Mission San Jose SR | Judge: Animesh Joshi ac- virtue ethics |
| Yale University Invitational | 4 | Opponent: Millburn AK | Judge: Conal Thomas-McGinnis ac- korsgaard |
| Yale University Invitational | 5 | Opponent: Byram Hills SH | Judge: Tajaih Robinson ac- model minority |
To modify or delete round reports, edit the associated round.
Cites
| Entry | Date |
|---|---|
0- ContactTournament: gradtinggatangn | Round: Finals | Opponent: your mom | Judge: me | 1/8/22 |
0- Disclosure NoteTournament: gradtinggatangn | Round: Finals | Opponent: your mom | Judge: me The Newark Invitational 2022 R5- Nothing to disclose since the opponent forfeited. TDI R3 - JF - PIC- India SoPo | 1/8/22 |
0- NavigationTournament: gradtinggatangn | Round: Finals | Opponent: your mom | Judge: me | 1/8/22 |
1- IT- Black CapTournament: Florida Blue Key Speech and Debate Tournament | Round: 4 | Opponent: Bellarmine AK | Judge: Spencer Orlowski Vote negative to endorse the counter-method of black capitalism.Only encouraging black ownership of the means of production through state and federal policy can equalize access and promote self determination—solves racialized povertyVery 12 (Ryan, Adjunct Philosophy Lecturer, Merrimack College; J.D./M.A. in Law and Philosophy candidate at Boston University. "Black Capitalism: An Economic Program for the Black American Ghetto." International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Vol. 2 No. 22 Special Issue – November 2012, http://www.ijhssnet.com/journals/Vol'2'No'22'Special'Issue'November'2012/6.pdf shree) AND "back to the city" movement has been almost entirely ineffective. 82 And, Infiltration shouldn’t be mistaken with reformism—we don’t beg for white nonprofit saviors, we demand money from whites so black communities can make their own decisions how to use the money in their communitiesWilliams 70 ~Robert F., civil rights leader, promoter of self defense, interviewed by The Black Scholar, "Interviews," The Black Scholar Volume 1 Number 7~ AND people enter the vital organs of the establishment. Infiltrate the man's institutions. Black capitalism is the demand on the US federal and state governments to invest in community development banks that give guaranteed loans and grants to black communities | 1/14/22 |
1- IT- Cap Good v1Tournament: Grapevine Classic | Round: 1 | Opponent: Coppell RM | Judge: Chris Castillo Free markets key to solve disease curesJackson 16. Kerry, Pacific Research Institute; 12/19/16; Free Market Policies Needed To Incentivize Creation Of New Life-Saving Treatments; https://www.pacificresearch.org/article/free-market-policies-needed-to-incentivize-creation-of-new-life-saving-treatments/ AND If the proper incentives are in place, the needed treatments will follow. Independently profit motive key to effective resource managementFitzmaurice 15. Matthew, CEO, EcoAlpha Asset Management LLC. "ONLY CAPITALISM CAN SAVE THE PLANET," Ensla. 3/23/2015. http://ensia.com/voices/only-capitalism-can-save-the-planet/ AND us into this mess, but it’s also what will get us out. Critique of neoliberalism is politically useless—economic elites don’t identify with the title and dismiss social criticism as ‘economically illiterate.’Rajesh VENUGOPAL 15, Assistant Professor in the Department of International Development at the London School of Economics ~"Neoliberalism as concept," Economy and Society, Vol. 44, No. 2, 2015, p. 165-187, Accessed Online through Emory Libraries~ AND activity are reported from across a foggy and impassable no-man's land. Intervention/Imperialism is not intrinsic to liberalism and is decreasing now.Brooks et al. 12 — Stephen Brooks, Associate Professor of Government at Dartmouth College, and John Ikenberry, Albert G. Milbank Professor of Politics and International Affairs at Princeton University, and William C. Wohlforth, Daniel Webster Professor in the Department of Government at Dartmouth College, 2012 ("Don’t Come Home America: The Case Against Retrenchment," International Security, Vol. 37, No. 3 (Winter 2012/13), pp. 7–51 Accessible Online via Subscribing Institutions to JSTOR, Accessed Online on 12-15-2015) AND present much more argumentation and evidence to support their pessimism on this subject. Productivity is good for global quality of life and reducing structural violence—they’re reductionist.Iacono ‘16, Corey Iacono is a student at the University of Rhode Island studying Pharmaceutical Science and Economics, "How Capitalism and Globalization Have Made the World a Better Place," Quillette, January 16, 2016, http://quillette.com/2016/01/16/how-capitalism-and-globalization-have-made-the-world-a-better-place, msm AND which capitalism is always bad, no matter what the evidence tells us. Growth sustainable—-technology removes dependence on nature and solves resource scarcityJohn Asafu-Adjaye 15, associate professor of economics at the University of Queensland, et al., April 2015, "An Ecomodernist Manifesto," http://www.ecomodernism.org/s/An-Ecomodernist-Manifesto.pdf AND even as developing countries achieve modern living standards, and material poverty ends. Capitalism lessens the intensity and quantity of wars—- studies proveJulian Adorney 13, economic historian, entrepreneur, and contributor for the Ludwig von Mises Institute. He’s citing Professor McDonald who teaches courses on international relations theory, international political economy, and international security at University of Texas at Austin. (, Foundation for Economic Education, "Want Peace? Promote Free Trade", 10/15, http://www.fee.org/the'freeman/detail/want-peace-promote-free-trade AND free trade instead. That might really lead to a more peaceful world. Solves warming – key to tech innovation in the short termParenti 13 (Christian Parenti, Christian Parenti is a Puffin Foundation Writing Fellow, contributing editor at The Nation and a visiting professor at Brooklyn College, CUNY, "A Radical Approach to the Climate Crisis" ~http://www.dissentmagazine.org/article/a-radical-approach-to-the-climate-crisis~~ Summer mtc) AND rising seas or smashed to pieces by the wrathful storms of climate chaos. Ethical responsibility to stop extinction—human beings are ends in themselvesAngela Michelis 17 University of Turin "The roots of human responsibility," Rev. Filos., Aurora, Curitiba, v. 29, n. 46, p. 307-333, jan./abr. 2017 AND technological development and the pursuit of a moderate and equitable use of resources. | 12/12/21 |
1- IT- Cap Good v2Tournament: Glenbrooks Speech and Debate Tournament | Round: 7 | Opponent: Los Altos BF | Judge: Arianna Nelson Top level – they can’t just tell you cap is bad they have to tell you what is better or else it’s try or die for capitalism – the 1AC dumps on cap bad but provides zero feasible alternative—they must provide a feasible proactive change as opposed to the status quo.Cap sustainable and the aff causes transition warsMead, 12 —Professor of Foreign Affairs and Humanities at Bard College (7/28/2012, Walter Russell, "The Energy Revolution 4: Hot Planet?" http://blogs.the-american-interest.com/wrm/2012/07/28/the-energy-revolution-4-hot-planet/, JMP) AND is a heretical thought, but perhaps Gaia is smarter than the greens. Cap solves the environment and alternatiIncome growth and tech diffusion pursuant to trade are good for the environment. Race to the bottom thesis is false.Irwin 15 – Douglas, John Sloan Dickey Third Century Professor in the Social Sciences in the Economics Department at Dartmouth College ("FREE TRADE UNDER FIRE" Copyright © 2015 by Princeton University Press Library of Congress Control Number 2015936929 ISBN 978- 0- 691- 16625- 4 pp 65-67) AND does not seem to have been offshoring pollution by importing polluting goods.74 Solves warming – key to tech innovation in the short termParenti 13 (Christian Parenti, Christian Parenti is a Puffin Foundation Writing Fellow, contributing editor at The Nation and a visiting professor at Brooklyn College, CUNY, "A Radical Approach to the Climate Crisis" ~http://www.dissentmagazine.org/article/a-radical-approach-to-the-climate-crisis~~ Summer mtc) AND rising seas or smashed to pieces by the wrathful storms of climate chaos. Uniqueness – war is massively decliningMcKenna, Professor of Philosophy, ’15 (Michael; 3/4/15; professor of philosophy; Guru Magazine, "Ho wmany people have died in wars throughout history?" http://gurumagazine.org/askaguru/culture/many-people-died-wars-throughout-history/) AND have killed up to one sixth of the entire world population in 755. Neoliberal globalization reduce the frequency and severity of wars by a factor of ten.Mooney 14 – Loren, Stanford Graduate School of Business, summarizing Matthew O. Jackson, the William D. Eberle Professor of Economics at Stanford, and earned his PhD in economics from Stanford GSB in 1988. ("Matthew O. Jackson: Can Trade Prevent War?" May 28, 2014https:www.gsb.stanford.edu/insights/matthew-o-jackson-can-trade-prevent-war) AND can really help us have a more peaceful world than we already have." Profit motive key to effective resource managementFitzmaurice 15. Matthew, CEO, EcoAlpha Asset Management LLC. "ONLY CAPITALISM CAN SAVE THE PLANET," Ensla. 3/23/2015. http://ensia.com/voices/only-capitalism-can-save-the-planet/ AND us into this mess, but it’s also what will get us out. Capitalism lessens the intensity and quantity of wars—- studies proveJulian Adorney 13, economic historian, entrepreneur, and contributor for the Ludwig von Mises Institute. He’s citing Professor McDonald who teaches courses on international relations theory, international political economy, and international security at University of Texas at Austin. (, Foundation for Economic Education, "Want Peace? Promote Free Trade", 10/15, http://www.fee.org/the'freeman/detail/want-peace-promote-free-trade AND free trade instead. That might really lead to a more peaceful world. Ineffective resource management degrades public health, kills global air quality, and causes tensions over water scarcity in South Asia—culminates in extinctionThompson 13. Thomas, President of Analytics Inc., a financial research and economic analysis firm. Citing Wang Shucheng, China’s former minister of water resources. "Choking on China," Foreign Affairs. 6/8/2013. https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/china/2013-04-08/choking-china AND to secure its future health and prosperity — or avoid a global disaster. Causes India-China war.Williams 13. Jessica, masters degree in International Relations from University of Cardiff, "The International Implications of China's Water Policies," master's degree dissertation, February 15, www.e-ir.info/2013/02/15/chinas-water-policies-and-their-international-implications/ AND of a minor dispute in the area escalating into a full scale conflict. | 12/12/21 |
1- IT- Cap Good v3Tournament: Isidore Newman School Invitational | Round: 5 | Opponent: Cabot AC | Judge: Kiarra Broadnax We’re going to ! turn the aff—capitalism is good and sustainable. Hold the line—their bottom two cards prove they defend an anti-capitalist rejection of the current economic model and class consciousness as a method of worker uprisings. Don’t let the 1AR shift out of what they defend—their solvency advocates are the only stasis point for preround prep. At worst, they don’t get access to spillover claims that remedy inequality because they’re premised on the communist revolution’s success.~1~ Sustainability: Capitalist growth is good for the environment, sustainable, and resolves inequality – This is probably the best sustainability card you will hearHarry Saunders 16, Managing Director, Decision Processes Incorporated, "Does Capitalism Require Endless Growth?" Summer, https://thebreakthrough.org/index.php/journal/issue-6/does-capitalism-require-endless-growth AND But getting from here to there will require a number of further conditions. ~2~ War: Multilateral economic ties forged through capitalism are key to interdependence which sets a cap on conflict – Robust models proveJackson and Nei 15 – Matthew O. Jackson, William D. Eberle Professor of Economics at Stanford, and PhD in economics from Stanford Graduate School of Business, Stephen Nei, Economics PhD candidate at Stanford University ("Networks of military alliances, wars, and international trade," Proceedings of the National Academies of Science of the United States, December 15th, 112(50), pp. 15277–15284, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4687585/) AND could be significant, and so this suggests another avenue for further extension. ~3~ Space colonization: Capitalism is key to drive private investment and researchSpring 16 (Todd, 6/3/16, The Policy, "A Case for Capitalism, In Regards to Space Travel," https://thepolicy.us/a-case-for-capitalism-in-regards-to-space-travel-d77e50f8116e~~#.q49v6pqm2, 9/7/16, SM) AND " might just lead to the end of our "problems down here". They can’t win any offense – Getting off the rock solves every single extinction threatSmith and Davies 2012 (Cameron M., Anthropology Professor, Evan T., Writer; "A Choice of Catastrophes: Common Arguments for Space Colonization", Emigrating Beyond Earth: Human Adaptation and Space Colonization, http://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-1-4614-1165-9'4) AND after considering another possible scenario: not extinction,¶ but civilization collapse. ¶ ~4~ Environment: Capitalism fosters growth and trade that reduce CO2 emissions – It also facilitates the transition to renewables – We cite the most conclusive studiesOzturk et al 15 – Ilhan Ozturk, senior lecturer in the Faculty of Business and Economics at Cag University, Slim Ben Youssef, Manouba University, ESC de Tunis, Mehdi Ben Jebli, Amen Bank, Kef Agency, Tunisia, 2015 ("Testing environmental Kuznets curve hypothesis: The role of renewable and non-renewable energy consumption and trade in OECD countries," Ecological Indicators, September 2nd, Available To Subscribing Institutions Through Science Direct) AND is actually helping in combating global warming for this panel of OECD countries. Any alternative to capitalism is terrible for the environment – Leads to inefficiencies, deforestation, increased land use and more emissionsPhillips 15 (Leigh Phillips is a science writer and European Union affairs journalist. Writing for Nature, the Guardian, the Daily Telegraph, the New Statesman, Jacobin, Scientific American, amongst other outlets, "Austerity Ecology and the Collapse-porn Addicts A defence of growth, progress, industry and stuff" ebook) DAH AND one’s time fighting for clean energy infrastructure than on this sort of faff. ~5~ Living Conditions: Globalization and capitalism have empirically reduced inequality and drastically improved living conditionsEconomist 16 —~"Why they’re wrong," The Economist, 2016, http://www.economist.com/news/leaders/21707926-globalisations-critics-say-it-benefits-only-elite-fact-less-open-world-would-hurt, accessed 4 Dec 2016~ AND the labouring classes. They were right then. They are right now. The world is getting better because of capitalism – violence, genocide, and war are down and poverty has been drastically reducedWyne, MA contributing analyst at Wikistrat and a Global Fellow at PS21, 2015 (Ali, "The World Is Becoming Safer, Wealthier and Healthier", Huffington Post, March 16, 2015, http://www.huffingtonpost.com/ali-wyne/the-world-is-becoming-saf'b'6878664.html) AND state of the world and more time supporting those who're making it better. Productivity is good for global quality of life and reducing structural violence—they’re reductionist.Iacono ‘16, Corey Iacono is a student at the University of Rhode Island studying Pharmaceutical Science and Economics, "How Capitalism and Globalization Have Made the World a Better Place," Quillette, January 16, 2016, http://quillette.com/2016/01/16/how-capitalism-and-globalization-have-made-the-world-a-better-place, msm AND which capitalism is always bad, no matter what the evidence tells us. Cap key to ending oppression of women(Ann E Cudd 14, professor of philosophy at Boston University, Dean of the college of Arts and Sciences, Formerly Dean of Undergraduate Studies and Distinguished philosophy professor at KU. She has a particular interest in Feminist Theory and the Philosophy of economics. 5/21/14, "Is Capitalism good for women?,", (https://kuscholarworks.ku.edu/bitstream/handle/1808/15280/ACudd'JofBusinessEthics'21May2014.pdf?sequence=1, Kent Denver - YB-JLRecut Aanya) AND capitalism creates the conditions for trenchant critiques of capitalist fetishes, as well. ~6~ Epistemology DA to all of their scholarship - they don’t get offense - their evidence is futile and biased intellectual prideSaunders 7 (Peter, Adjunct Professor at the Australian Graduate School of Management, Why Capitalism is Good for the Soul, http://www.cis.org.au/POLICY/summer2007-08/saunders'summer07.html shree) AND the soul’: it fulfils human needs without first seeking their moral approval. | 12/12/21 |
1- IT- Cap Good v4Tournament: The Newark Invitational 2022 | Round: 1 | Opponent: Ridge MS | Judge: Julian Kuffour We're going to ! turn the aff get ready- capitalism is good and sustainable~1~ Sustainability: Capitalist growth is good for the environment, sustainable, and resolves inequality - This is probably the best sustainability card you will hearHarry Saunders 16, Managing Director, Decision Processes Incorporated, "Does Capitalism Require Endless Growth?" Summer, https://thebreakthrough.org/index.php/journal/issue-6/does-capitalism-require-endless-growth AND But getting from here to there will require a number of further conditions. ~2~ War: Multilateral economic ties forged through capitalism are key to interdependence which sets a cap on conflict Robust models proveJackson and Nei 15 Matthew O. Jackson, William D. Eberle Professor of Economics at Stanford, and PhD in economics from Stanford Graduate School of Business, Stephen Nei, Economics PhD candidate at Stanford University ("Networks of military alliances, wars, and international trade," Proceedings of the National Academies of Science of the United States, December 15th^ 112(50), pp. 1527715284, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4687585/) AND could be significant, and so this suggests another avenue for further extension. ~3~ Space colonization: Capitalism is key to drive private investment and researchSpring 16 (Todd, 6/3/16, The Policy, "A Case for Capitalism, In Regards to Space Travel," https://thepolicy.us/a-case-for-capitalism-in-regards-to-space-travel-d77e50f8116e~~#.q49v6pqm2, 9/7/16, SM) AND " might just lead to the end of our "problems down here". Space privatization is good-it prevents war and ensures sustainably-sourced space projects for public good.Frankowski 17 ~(Pawe, assistant Professor at the Chair of International Relations and Foreign Policy, Institute of Political Science and International Relations, Jagiellonian University) "Outer Space and Private Companies: Consequences for Global Security," 2017, pg. 144-145~ TDI AND nascent public good provided by private actors for the sake of global security. It also solves military readiness.Frankowski 17 ~(Pawe, assistant Professor at the Chair of International Relations and Foreign Policy, Institute of Political Science and International Relations, Jagiellonian University) "Outer Space and Private Companies: Consequences for Global Security," 2017, pg. 133-134~ TDI AND are developed by private actors, being to some extent neglected by governments. They can't win any offense- Getting off the rock solves every single extinction threatSmith and Davies 2012 (Cameron M., Anthropology Professor, Evan T., Writer; "A Choice of Catastrophes: Common Arguments for Space Colonization", Emigrating Beyond Earth: Human Adaptation and Space Colonization, http://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-1-4614-1165-9'4) AND after considering another possible scenario: not extinction, but civilization collapse. ~4~ Environment: Capitalism fosters growth and trade that reduce CO2 emissions It also facilitates the transition to renewables We cite the most conclusive studiesOzturk et al 15 Ilhan Ozturk, senior lecturer in the Faculty of Business and Economics at Cag University, Slim Ben Youssef, Manouba University, ESC de Tunis, Mehdi Ben Jebli, Amen Bank, Kef Agency, Tunisia, 2015 ("Testing environmental Kuznets curve hypothesis: The role of renewable and non-renewable energy consumption and trade in OECD countries," Ecological Indicators, September 2nd, Available To Subscribing Institutions Through Science Direct) AND is actually helping in combating global warming for this panel of OECD countries. Regulated innovation solves climate.Cohen 21 ~(Steve, is the Senior Vice Dean of Columbia's School of Professional Studies and a Professor in the Practice of Public Affairs at Columbia University's School of International and Public Affairs)"Kerry Was Correct: Decarbonization Will Require New Technology," 5-24-2021, https://news.climate.columbia.edu/2021/05/24/kerry-was-correct-decarbonization-will-require-new-technology/~~ TDI AND hydrogen and carbon capture technologies may be needed to help remove all emissions." Here's more ev Market innovation is key to resolving climate changeGunther 15 writer for the Guardian, citing Ramez Naam, holds a seat on the advisory board of the Acceleration Studies Foundation, is a member of the World Future Society, a Senior Associate of the Foresight Institute, and a fellow of the Institute for Ethics and Emerging Technologies, (Marc, "Ramez Naam: capitalism is not the enemy of climate," The Guardian, Jun 30 2015, https://www.theguardian.com/sustainable-business/2015/jun/30/ramez-naam-capitalism-climate-change-ideas-markets, jwg) AND . "Well make progress when those two lines cross," he says. Solves warming -key to tech innovation in the short termParenti 13 (Christian Parenti, Christian Parenti is a Puffin Foundation Writing Fellow, contributing editor at The Nation and a visiting professor at Brooklyn College, CUNY, "A Radical Approach to the Climate Crisis" ~http://www.dissentmagazine.org/article/a-radical-approach-to-the-climate-crisis~~ Summer mtc) AND rising seas or smashed to pieces by the wrathful storms of climate chaos. Any alternative to capitalism is terrible for the environment- Leads to inefficiencies, deforestation, increased land use and more emissionsPhillips 15 (Leigh Phillips is a science writer and European Union affairs journalist. Writing for Nature, the Guardian, the Daily Telegraph, the New Statesman, Jacobin, Scientific American, amongst other outlets, "Austerity Ecology and the Collapse-porn Addicts A defence of growth, progress, industry and stuff" ebook) DAH AND one's time fighting for clean energy infrastructure than on this sort of faff. ~5~ Living Conditions: Globalization and capitalism have empirically reduced inequality and drastically improved living conditionsEconomist 16 ~"Why they're wrong," The Economist, 2016, http://www.economist.com/news/leaders/21707926-globalisations-critics-say-it-benefits-only-elite-fact-less-open-world-would-hurt, accessed 4 Dec 2016~ AND the labouring classes. They were right then. They are right now. The world is getting better because of capitalism - violence, genocide, and war are down and poverty has been drastically reducedWyne, MA contributing analyst at Wikistrat and a Global Fellow at PS21, 2015 (Ali, "The World Is Becoming Safer, Wealthier and Healthier", Huffington Post, March 16, 2015, http://www.huffingtonpost.com/ali-wyne/the-world-is-becoming-saf'b'6878664.html) AND state of the world and more time supporting those who're making it better. ~6~ Epistemology DA to all of their scholarship - they don't get offense - their evidence is futile and biased intellectual prideSaunders 7 (Peter, Adjunct Professor at the Australian Graduate School of Management, Why Capitalism is Good for the Soul, http://www.cis.org.au/POLICY/summer2007-08/saunders'summer07.html shree) AND the soul: it fulfils human needs without first seeking their moral approval. | 1/7/22 |
1- IT- Cap Good v4Tournament: The Newark Invitational 2022 | Round: 1 | Opponent: Ridge MS | Judge: Julian Kuffour We're going to ! turn the aff get ready- capitalism is good and sustainable~1~ Sustainability: Capitalist growth is good for the environment, sustainable, and resolves inequality - This is probably the best sustainability card you will hearHarry Saunders 16, Managing Director, Decision Processes Incorporated, "Does Capitalism Require Endless Growth?" Summer, https://thebreakthrough.org/index.php/journal/issue-6/does-capitalism-require-endless-growth AND But getting from here to there will require a number of further conditions. ~2~ War: Multilateral economic ties forged through capitalism are key to interdependence which sets a cap on conflict Robust models proveJackson and Nei 15 Matthew O. Jackson, William D. Eberle Professor of Economics at Stanford, and PhD in economics from Stanford Graduate School of Business, Stephen Nei, Economics PhD candidate at Stanford University ("Networks of military alliances, wars, and international trade," Proceedings of the National Academies of Science of the United States, December 15th^ 112(50), pp. 1527715284, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4687585/) AND could be significant, and so this suggests another avenue for further extension. ~3~ Space colonization: Capitalism is key to drive private investment and researchSpring 16 (Todd, 6/3/16, The Policy, "A Case for Capitalism, In Regards to Space Travel," https://thepolicy.us/a-case-for-capitalism-in-regards-to-space-travel-d77e50f8116e~~#.q49v6pqm2, 9/7/16, SM) AND " might just lead to the end of our "problems down here". Space privatization is good-it prevents war and ensures sustainably-sourced space projects for public good.Frankowski 17 ~(Pawe, assistant Professor at the Chair of International Relations and Foreign Policy, Institute of Political Science and International Relations, Jagiellonian University) "Outer Space and Private Companies: Consequences for Global Security," 2017, pg. 144-145~ TDI AND nascent public good provided by private actors for the sake of global security. It also solves military readiness.Frankowski 17 ~(Pawe, assistant Professor at the Chair of International Relations and Foreign Policy, Institute of Political Science and International Relations, Jagiellonian University) "Outer Space and Private Companies: Consequences for Global Security," 2017, pg. 133-134~ TDI AND are developed by private actors, being to some extent neglected by governments. They can't win any offense- Getting off the rock solves every single extinction threatSmith and Davies 2012 (Cameron M., Anthropology Professor, Evan T., Writer; "A Choice of Catastrophes: Common Arguments for Space Colonization", Emigrating Beyond Earth: Human Adaptation and Space Colonization, http://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-1-4614-1165-9'4) AND after considering another possible scenario: not extinction, but civilization collapse. ~4~ Environment: Capitalism fosters growth and trade that reduce CO2 emissions It also facilitates the transition to renewables We cite the most conclusive studiesOzturk et al 15 Ilhan Ozturk, senior lecturer in the Faculty of Business and Economics at Cag University, Slim Ben Youssef, Manouba University, ESC de Tunis, Mehdi Ben Jebli, Amen Bank, Kef Agency, Tunisia, 2015 ("Testing environmental Kuznets curve hypothesis: The role of renewable and non-renewable energy consumption and trade in OECD countries," Ecological Indicators, September 2nd, Available To Subscribing Institutions Through Science Direct) AND is actually helping in combating global warming for this panel of OECD countries. Regulated innovation solves climate.Cohen 21 ~(Steve, is the Senior Vice Dean of Columbia's School of Professional Studies and a Professor in the Practice of Public Affairs at Columbia University's School of International and Public Affairs)"Kerry Was Correct: Decarbonization Will Require New Technology," 5-24-2021, https://news.climate.columbia.edu/2021/05/24/kerry-was-correct-decarbonization-will-require-new-technology/~~ TDI AND hydrogen and carbon capture technologies may be needed to help remove all emissions." Here's more ev Market innovation is key to resolving climate changeGunther 15 writer for the Guardian, citing Ramez Naam, holds a seat on the advisory board of the Acceleration Studies Foundation, is a member of the World Future Society, a Senior Associate of the Foresight Institute, and a fellow of the Institute for Ethics and Emerging Technologies, (Marc, "Ramez Naam: capitalism is not the enemy of climate," The Guardian, Jun 30 2015, https://www.theguardian.com/sustainable-business/2015/jun/30/ramez-naam-capitalism-climate-change-ideas-markets, jwg) AND . "Well make progress when those two lines cross," he says. Solves warming -key to tech innovation in the short termParenti 13 (Christian Parenti, Christian Parenti is a Puffin Foundation Writing Fellow, contributing editor at The Nation and a visiting professor at Brooklyn College, CUNY, "A Radical Approach to the Climate Crisis" ~http://www.dissentmagazine.org/article/a-radical-approach-to-the-climate-crisis~~ Summer mtc) AND rising seas or smashed to pieces by the wrathful storms of climate chaos. Any alternative to capitalism is terrible for the environment- Leads to inefficiencies, deforestation, increased land use and more emissionsPhillips 15 (Leigh Phillips is a science writer and European Union affairs journalist. Writing for Nature, the Guardian, the Daily Telegraph, the New Statesman, Jacobin, Scientific American, amongst other outlets, "Austerity Ecology and the Collapse-porn Addicts A defence of growth, progress, industry and stuff" ebook) DAH AND one's time fighting for clean energy infrastructure than on this sort of faff. ~5~ Living Conditions: Globalization and capitalism have empirically reduced inequality and drastically improved living conditionsEconomist 16 ~"Why they're wrong," The Economist, 2016, http://www.economist.com/news/leaders/21707926-globalisations-critics-say-it-benefits-only-elite-fact-less-open-world-would-hurt, accessed 4 Dec 2016~ AND the labouring classes. They were right then. They are right now. The world is getting better because of capitalism - violence, genocide, and war are down and poverty has been drastically reducedWyne, MA contributing analyst at Wikistrat and a Global Fellow at PS21, 2015 (Ali, "The World Is Becoming Safer, Wealthier and Healthier", Huffington Post, March 16, 2015, http://www.huffingtonpost.com/ali-wyne/the-world-is-becoming-saf'b'6878664.html) AND state of the world and more time supporting those who're making it better. ~6~ Epistemology DA to all of their scholarship - they don't get offense - their evidence is futile and biased intellectual prideSaunders 7 (Peter, Adjunct Professor at the Australian Graduate School of Management, Why Capitalism is Good for the Soul, http://www.cis.org.au/POLICY/summer2007-08/saunders'summer07.html shree) AND the soul: it fulfils human needs without first seeking their moral approval. | 1/7/22 |
1- K- Anti-HumanismTournament: Heart of Texas Invitational | Round: Octas | Opponent: Homestead SL | Judge: Chris Castillo, Javier Navarette, Joseph Barquin A positive orientation towards history and the ideals of radical humanist freedom are key to global liberationist struggles. Only this can avert every major existential crisis of our times.Karenga 6 (Professor and Chair Department of Africa Studies at Cal State University and a major figure in the Black Power movement ~Maulana, Philosophy in the African Tradition of Resistance: Issues or Human Freedom and Human Flourishing in Not Only The Master’s Tools, 2006, p. 242-5~ AND reconstruction of this country, and to the forward flow of human history. Critiques of humanism fail– context is always key and narratives of humanity are contingent.Lester 12 – (January 2012, Alan, Director of Interdisciplinary Research, Professor of Historical Geography, and Co-Director of the Colonial and Postcolonial Studies Network, University of Sussex, "Humanism, race and the colonial frontier," Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers, Volume 37, Issue 1, pages 132–148) AND particularities of the male, middle class, Western human subject – resides. | 1/14/22 |
1- K- Beautiful Brown GirlTournament: Yale University Invitational | Round: 5 | Opponent: Byram Hills SH | Judge: Tajaih Robinson Counter-Performance- Rupi KaurMy issue with what they consider beautiful is their concept of beauty centers around excluding people
I find hair beautiful,when a woman wears it like a garden on her skin
that is the definition of beauty,
big hooked noses
pointing upward to the skylike they’re rising to the occasionskin the color of earth.Beautiful brown girl,your thick hair is a mint coat not all can afford.Beautiful brown girlyour skin can’t help carrying as much sun as possibleI know you hate the hyperpigmentationbut you are a magnet for the light
carrying as much sun as possibleunibrow- the bridging of two worldsvagina-so much darker than the rest of you
cause it is trying to hide a gold mine
you will have dark circles too early-appreciate the halos
beautiful brown girlyou pull god out of their bellies.The 1AC is an attempt to project the ethnic garb in which it appears as the ONLY image of the Model Minority – South Asian American identity is neglected and disarticulated within the praxis of the 1AC, which promotes a politics that fetishizes redeemable aspects of browness like Buddhism but refuses the brown body as an area of study. Reject their tokenized exclusion of South Asians in favor of inserting brownpresence into the debate space as a way of rupturing Western narratives of identity and Asianness.Dayal, Samir. 1998. "Min(d)ing the Gap: South Asian Americans and Diaspora." In A Part Yet Apart: South Asians in Asian America, edited by Lavina Dhingra Shankar and Rajini Srikanth. Philadelphia: Temple University Press./NV AND modestly as an occasion to rethink the articulation of Asian-America itself." Your scholarship doesn’t take into account how South Asians fit into the racial schema of the United States – we can’t be placed into white categories of race thus rendering us invisible in both your theory and methodKibria, Nazli. 1998. "The Racial Gap: South Asian American Identity and the Asian American Movement." In A Part Yet Apart: South Asians in Asian America, edited by Lavina Dhingra Shankar and Rajini Srikanth. Philadelphia: Temple University Press./NV AND identity, one is in danger of having no identity" (62)." The 1AC is an example of strategic essentialism – they utilize the political nomenclature of "Asian American" as a signifier of specific ethnographic characteristics. This essentializes the Asian American experience and forces South Asians to compete with other Asians for representation, which reifies the "divide and conquer strategy" of Western imperialism – functions as an indict to their method and a DA to the permutationShankar, Lavina Dhingra. 1998. "The Limits of (South Asian) Names and Labels: Postcolonial or Asian American?" In A Part Yet Apart: South Asians in Asian America, edited by Lavina Dhingra Shankar and Rajini Srikanth. Philadelphia: Temple University Press./NV AND older than the birth of the United States of America itself? 14" The term "Asian American" is rooted in phenotypical traits that exclude South Asian’s physical and cultural dissimilarities. Their continued usage of this term as a mechanism of self-identification perpetuates the drawing of new boundaries of who is or isn’t Asian American around these phenotypes which delineate the Asian American as disparate from the brown body.Kibria, Nazli. 1998. "The Racial Gap: South Asian American Identity and the Asian American Movement." In A Part Yet Apart: South Asians in Asian America, edited by Lavina Dhingra Shankar and Rajini Srikanth. Philadelphia: Temple University Press./NV AND , forms the bedrock upon "which our categories of cultural groups rest." The browning of bodies is a performative process that reifies characteristics of deviancy and danger, which replicates itself in our discussions of South Asian-ness within the context of Model Minority scholarship. Browner Asians are distanced from "Asian-Americanness" due to their perceived performance of deviancy. The impact is that the brown body is perpetually articulated as a security threat to both the nation and to staticized Asian American identity that functions as the basis for the politics of the 1AC. Therefore the ROB is to signal an ethical orientation to the 1AC.Patel, G. Tina "Surveillance, Suspicion and Stigma: Brown Bodies in a Terror-Panic Climate" 2012 ~https://ojs.library.queensu.ca/index.php/surveillance-and-society/article/view/stigma/4570~~/NV AND as outsiders. This allows for a wider casting of the surveillance net. Thus, vote negative to affirm the poetics of diasporic performance. Instead of having our analysis of Asian-ness always start from the homogenized lens of the Model Minority, we endorse a performative re-articulation of Asian identity which rejects the trap of pandiasporization and articulates the specific embodied experiences of each diasporic subject in order to create spaces antithetical to dominant discursive norms. Our diaspora constitutes a new stage on which South Asian communities actively contest hegemonic diaspora narratives of Asianess while simultaneously performatively interrogating our own positionalities as an attempt to shift status quo communal consciousness over Asian diaspora.Farah, Laila. "Dancing on the Hyphen: Performing Diasporic Subjectivity." Modern Drama, vol. 48 no. 2, 2005, pp. 316-345. Project MUSE, doi:10.1353/mdr.2005.0025/NV AND special ones, the star-crossed ones …(I sit down agitatedly. | 1/14/22 |
1- K- Capitalism v1Tournament: Heart of Texas Invitational | Round: Octas | Opponent: Homestead SL | Judge: Chris Castillo, Javier Navarette, Joseph Barquin Capitalism thrives on the individual feeling of falsely reclaimed agency, and that feeling precludes mapping the fissures within capitalism and opportunities for communist revolution.Bluhdorn 07 – (May 2007, Ingolfur, PhD, Reader in Politics/Political Sociology, University of Bath, "Self-description, Self-deception, Simulation: A Systems-theoretical Perspective on Contemporary Discourses of Radical Change," Social Movement Studies, Vol. 6, No. 1, 1–20, May 2007, google scholar) AND society’s only remaining way of coping with the threat of self-referentiality. The 1acs critical education through individualism sustains capitalist subjectsMcLaren et al., 4 – Distinguished Professor, Critical Studies, Chapman University (Peter, Gregory Martin, Ramin Farahmandpur, and Nathalia Jaramillo, "Teaching in and against the Empire: Critical Pedagogy as Revolutionary Praxis," Teaching Education Quarterly, Winter, 139-141, http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ795238.pdf)//SY AND the reigning political antagonism of age: the contradiction between labor and capital. The impact is extinction at the hands of ecological catastrophe, hot wars, and structural violence – collapse is inevitable.William I. Robinson 14, Professor of Sociology, Global and International Studies, and Latin American Studies at UC-Santa Barbara, May 27, "Global Capitalism: Crisis of Humanity and the Specter of 21st Century Fascism," The World Financial Review, p. 15-6 AND indeed, generates a fascination with domination that is portrayed even as heroic. Their individualism is a link – the alternative forms a collective revolution to affirm the party through the politicalDean and Mertz ‘16 (Jodi and Chuck, Donald R. Harter ’39 Professor of Humanities and Social Sciences @ Hobart and William Smith Colleges and Host at This is Hell!, "The JFRP: For a New Communist Party," aNtiDoTe Zine 1/23/16, https://antidotezine.com/2016/01/23/for-a-new-communist-party/) AND us against them. It produced the proper collectivity: an antagonistic one. This staticization of identity is the historical cause of macro- and micro-scale violence. War, bigotry, oppression – these modes of violence REQUIRE essential notions of identity to exist.Clifford 1 (Michael Clifford, associate professor of philosophy @ Mississippi State Univ, 2k1 ~Political Genealogy after Foucault: Savage Identities, p. 144-146~ AND lifted such movements from the shadows and given them an air of legitimacy. | 1/14/22 |
1- K- Counter-LogisticsTournament: Heart of Texas Invitational | Round: Octas | Opponent: Homestead SL | Judge: Chris Castillo, Javier Navarette, Joseph Barquin Academia is a pollution of the affirmative project—an inoculation and re-scripting of the very terms of contestation such that nothing is left but the continued propagation of social deathOUCB ‘9 ("The Necrosocial – Civic Life, Social Death, and the University of California," November 2009, Craccum Magazine – University of Auckland Student Magazine. Iss. 4, 2012. http://craccum.ausa.auckland.ac.nz/?p=286) ~m leap~ AND . We need, we desire occupations. We are an antagonistic dead. The alternative is to gesture towards the undercommons instead of investing in a corrupt system expose its brokenness – we don’t challenge or ask for recognition from the very structures that create violence but the world which creates those structures – instead of saying yes or no to the affirmative – we’ve selected a third option bring it to the undercommonsHalberstam 13 (Jack Halberstam, professor of English and Director of the Center for Feminist Research at USC, 2013, "The Undercommons: Fugitive Planning and Black Study," pp 5-9) gz AND to refuse the offers we receive to shape that noise into "music." | 1/14/22 |
1- K- CyberneticsTournament: Florida Blue Key Speech and Debate Tournament | Round: 4 | Opponent: Bellarmine AK | Judge: Spencer Orlowski The AFF invests in the transformation of the archive into a talisman to be mass consumed to anesthetize the trauma of the past via its trade with death. Representational history itself is a mode of archiving the past that serves as a machinery of statecraft, obliterating the distinction between executioner and victim – violence that is a precondition to the state.Mbembe ’02 (Achille, Research Professor in History and Politics at Wits University. He is based at the Witwatersrand Institute for Social and Economic Research. He is the author of many books, including On the Postcolony and Critique de la raison negre. His work has been translated into various languages. He is the editor of the online magazine The Johannesburg Salon and the convenor of the Johannesburg Workshop in Theory and Criticism. Published: 2002, Accessed: 10/20/2020, "The Power of the Archive and its Limits.", https://sites.duke.edu/vms565s'01'f2014/files/2014/08/mbembe2002.pdf)//IK AND belong exclusively to no one. In fact, both the historian and the Their theorizations are outdated, racism has been updated – seemingly ubiquitous machines inflict violence and the marking of bodies as being and non-being – technicity controls the locus of ontology.Gill Peterson 13 (Julian Gill-Peterson, Doctoral Candidate in the American Studies at Rutgers University, "Race is Technical", archived June 30 2015, https://web.archive.org/web/20150630024626/https://juliangillpeterson.wordpress.com/2013/12/05/the-human-is-not-a-prosthetic-being-iii-race-is-technical/) AND the name of humanism when we could instead live in an Afrofuturist future? Survival strategies, movements, and their rhetoric of pragmatism will fail in the face of cybernetic control – their method just proves that the system is working.Parisi et al. 16. ~Luciana Parisi and Antonia Majaca, Parisi is Reader in Cultural Theory, Chair of the PhD programme at the Centre for Cultural Studies, and co-director of the Digital Culture Unit, Goldsmiths University of London, "The Incomputable and Instrumental Possibility" https://www.e-flux.com/journal/77/76322/the-incomputable-and-instrumental-possibility/~~ AND is entirely flattened into data and hopelessly depleted of any other possible becoming. The surveillance control assemblage permeates every aspect of life both before and after the aff, deadlocking the potential for solvency. In fact, the idea of joyous forms of resistance only feeds a discourse of liberal protest that lends legitimacy to the destructive whole.Hogue, 2015. PhD student in philosophy at McGill University with an MA in linguistics from the University of Ottowa (Simon Houge, June 2-4 2015, "Ubiquitous surveillance for paranoid security apparatus, or how mass security surveillance threatens the democratic space of revelation and deliberation," presented at the CPSA Annual Conference in Ottowa) AND of categorizing NSA surveillance: what it collects and how it collects it. The alternative is Surrational Fugitivity – opening alien worlds of thought outside instrumentalization. Only reconceptualizing and reinventing our relationship towards reason and representation itself can break away from the cybernetic apparatus.Parisi, 19 (Luciana Parisi, Reader in Cultural Theory, Chair of the PhD programme at the Centre for Cultural Studies, and co-director of the Digital Culture Unit, Goldsmiths University of London; "Surrational Fugitives" Hypersonics Hyperstitions, The Journal for Contemporary Art Criticism, ŠUM 11) AND the evolution of species grants the explanation of Man’s self-determining ontology. | 1/14/22 |
1- K- Deleuze RepsTournament: Glenbrooks Speech and Debate Tournament | Round: 2 | Opponent: Ardsley ZS | Judge: Javier Navarette Their scholarship is hateful and a reason to lose the round—their author endorsed pedophilia and actively advocated against the age of consent law.Doezema 18 ~Marie Doezema (Parisian Journalist). "France, Where Age of Consent Is Up for Debate." The Atlantic, 10 March 2018. https://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2018/03/frances-existential-crisis-over-sexual-harassment-laws/550700/ WWDH~ AND to five years in prison, but did not serve their full sentences. Drop the debater—academic spaces have way too many sympathizers who ignore violence against children, and every act must be challenged in the most unflinching terms because anything else reinforces the epistemic bias in favor of rationalizing disgusting behavior.Grant 18 ~Alec Grant (Independent Scholar, retired from the University of Brighton where he was a Reader in Narrative Mental Health). "Sanitizing Academics and Damaged Lives" Mad In The UK, 12 April 2018. https://www.madintheuk.com/2018/12/sanitizing-academics-and-damaged-lives/ WWDH~ Recut by Lex AKo AND authority to lobby governments to liberalise and decriminalise adult-child sexual contact. Representations come before the effects of th eaff—separating discursive and non-discursive practices is impossible. The representations used are vital to testing the truth claims of the affirmative.Crawford 2 ~Neta, PhD MA MIT, BA Brown, Prof. of poli sci at Boston University, "Argument and Change in World Politics", p. 19-21~ | 1/14/22 |
1- K- MysticismTournament: Glenbrooks Speech and Debate Tournament | Round: 6 | Opponent: BASIS Peoria PY | Judge: Austin Broussard Pessimism polices blackness by forcing it to remain within a damned subject position—that precludes lines of flight which black people can pursue within nothingness since blackness is experienced differently by different people.Moten 8 Fred Moten, Ph.D Professor of English and African American Studies "The Case of Blackness." 2008. AND the position, which is also to say the problem, of blackness. There is social life in political death. Slavery was political death in which black folk were neglected from civil society. This political death does not correlate to social death of black people.Moten 13 Fred Moten, Ph.D Professor of English and African American Studies ("Blackness and Nothingness Mysticism in the Flesh") The South Atlantic Quarterly 2013)Mberhe AND , in the first instance, our undercommon, underground, submarine sociality. Social death reduces blackness to nothing but being- the alternatives mysticism is a fugitive escape from ontology, which is key to any form of hopeWarren 16, Calvin is a black nihilist and is an assistant professor at Emory university on African American studies (" Fred Motens Pheneology of the Black Spirit" 2016)MBerhe AND physicality of ontology results in a form of "mysticism in the flesh." ====The alternative defends para-ontology- which maintains hope and the possibility for life through the social, while acknowledging political death- we are mutually exclusive==== AND —since both agree that death is the landscape of anti-blackness. Both strategies are incompatible together—they don’t get a permutation.Warren 16 Calvin is a black nihilist and is an assistant professor at Emory university on African American studies (" Fred Motens Phenology of the Black Spirit" 2016) MBerhe AND appropriates Hannah Arendt’s distinction between the "social" and the "political": | 11/21/21 |
1- K- PsychoanalysisTournament: Glenbrooks Speech and Debate Tournament | Round: 4 | Opponent: Sam Barlow EL | Judge: Mark Kivimaki The 1AC’s attempt to change public belief based on the injection of new knowledge into the debate economy allows contrary beliefs to frame themselves as a "radical" rebellion against authority—this turns the caseMcGowan, 2013 (Todd, Associate Professor in the College of Arts and Sciences at the University of Vermont, Enjoying What We Don’t Have, pg. 247-250) AND were undertaken with the unconscious aim of allowing believers to enjoy their belief. Anticapitalist struggles attempt to remove the limits of capitalism to reach a utopian society in which the forces of production experience no constraints - the impact is lashouts and it just reproduces capitalism.McGowan 16 - Todd McGowan is an Associate Professor of English at the University of Vermont, 2016 ~"Capitalism and Desire: The Psychic Cost of Free Markets", Columbia Press New York, pages 19-34~ rpg AND identity is yet another limit that capitalism itself aims to overcome and does. Their seemingly radical strikes just sustains the capitalist system by creating another obstacle that capitalist production gets to overcome.McGowan 16 - Todd McGowan is an Associate Professor of English at the University of Vermont, 2016 ~"Capitalism and Desire: The Psychic Cost of Free Markets", Columbia Press New York, pages 19-34~ rpg AND . Rather than harming capitalism, sexual liberation helped to save it. The 1AC’s demand to be recognized as a form of political dissent is an investment in the hegemonic order – the power of demand stems from the authority of the system. The 1nc is a no to the affirmative and disrupts the agential fantasy in favor of reinvesting desire in light of the death driveLundberg ’12 (Christian, Associate Prof. of Rhetoric @ UNC Chapel Hill, "On Being Bound to Equivalental Chains," Cultural Studies, Volume 26, Issue 2-3, 2012) AND a hegemonic order, and therefore a particularly fraught form of political subjectivization. | 1/14/22 |
1- K- Queer PessimismTournament: Duke Invitational | Round: 1 | Opponent: Atlee EK | Judge: X Braithwaite Two forces define reality: The Real and the Symbolic. The ever-present gap between the Symbolic, composed of signifiers, and the Real creates lack. In order to fill this lack, politics attempts to capture the Real via the fantasy of the Child, an endless drive for an impossible future which is inaccessible to queer people trapping them in the fantasy.Baedan 12 baedan, 2012, "baedan," Journal of Queer Nihilism, The Anarchist Library, https://theanarchistlibrary.org/library/baedan-baedan Lex AKo™ AND the triumph of capital over the dead. The future is a horizon d The result is queer overkill: Liberal democracy creates a category of human that structurally excludes the queer, who represent nothing, the antithesis of such democracy. Antiqueer violence manifests itself in the form of violence to end all queer life, a death beyond death.Stanley 11: (assistant professor in the Department of Gender and Sexuality Studies at the University of California) https://queerhistory.files.wordpress.com/2011/06/near-life-queer-death-eric-stanley.pdf Near Life, Queer Death: Overkill and Ontological Capture. Social Text 107. Vol, 29, No. 2. Duke University Press. Eric Stanley. AQ. Accessed 11/05/18. AND , what it must mean, to do violence to what is nothing. The role of the ballot is to vote for the debater that provides the best method of traversing the symbolic of the fantasy to escape desire from lack projects which create identity based on the child to justify anti queernessBaedan 12 baedan, 2012, "baedan," Journal of Queer Nihilism, The Anarchist Library, https://theanarchistlibrary.org/library/baedan-baedan Lex AKo™ AND exploits us, but also against everything that produces us as we are. The political relies on this negation in order to sustain itself which forces any sign of deviancy to a position of ontological damnation where queerness is condemned to overkill.Stanley 11 (Eric Stanley; assistant professor in the Department of Gender and Women's Studies at the University of Californiai ; Near Life, Queer Death: Overkill and Ontological Capture, 2011, p. 8-10) SJCPJG AND , what it must mean, to do violence to what is nothing. The alternative is a strategy of the masses, the weaponization of queerness to turn the death drive on its head and kill the Child accepting present destruction than future annihilationBaedan 12 baedan, 2012, "baedan," Journal of Queer Nihilism, The Anarchist Library, https://theanarchistlibrary.org/library/baedan-baedan Lex AKo™ AND this willingness to insist intransitively—to insist that the future stops here. The alternative traverses the fantasy by queering the world. Zimmerman 17Amy Zimmerman, entertainment reporter, 4-13-2017, "Frank Ocean’s LGBT Masterpiece: The Radical Queerness of ‘Blonde’," Daily Beast, https://www.thedailybeast.com/frank-oceans-lgbt-masterpiece-the-radical-queerness-of-blonde, 1-15-2021Aanya AND Ocean’s bent masterpiece brings under-represented modes of desire to the mainstream. | 10/3/21 |
1- K- Settler ColonialismTournament: Glenbrooks Speech and Debate Tournament | Round: 2 | Opponent: Ardsley ZS | Judge: Javier Navarette The aff’s investment in a Deleuzian molecular "line of flight," is rooted in the settler-spatial geometry of the line. The history of their politics is complicit with conquest which actualizes settler-colonial violence and turns case.King 17 (Tiffany Lethabo King, Assistant Professor of Women’s, Gender and Sexuality Studies at Georgia State, PhD in American Studies from the University of Maryland at College Park, Spring 2017, "Humans Involved: Lurking in the Lines of Posthumanist Flight," Critical Ethnic Studies Volume 3 Number 1, footnote 43 included in curly braces, modified) gz AND as a subject) must still render them as an outside to something. Their embrace of identity and bodies permeated by their environment obliterates the static, land-based subjectivities of the indigenous, justifying assimilation into the American whitestreamGrande 2k ~Sandy, Associate Professor of Education at UConnecticut, "American Indian geographies of identity and power: At the crossroads of indigena and mestizaje", Harvard Education Review, Winter 2000, https://www.academia.edu/2360040/American'Indian'geographies'of'identity'and'power'At'the'crossroads'of'indigena'and'mestizaje**, Pg. 467~ KLu AND authen-ticity, thus expressing both the interdependence and distinctiveness of tribal peoples You should refuse their attempt to intervene upon those movements and instead allow those existing movements to crash the infrastructure of modernity.King 17 (Tiffany Lethabo King, Assistant Professor of Women’s, Gender and Sexuality Studies at Georgia State, PhD in American Studies from the University of Maryland at College Park, Spring 2017, "Humans Involved: Lurking in the Lines of Posthumanist Flight," Critical Ethnic Studies Volume 3 Number 1) gz AND and theory that shift the terms of contemporary discussions and contestations over identity. Settler colonialism’s logic of elimination perpetuates antiblack violence and results in endless war.Tuck and Gaztambide-Fernandez 13 ~Eve, Professor at SUNY, Ruben, Professor at the University of Toronto, "Curriculum, Replacement, and Settler Futurity", Journal of Curriculum Theorizing, Volume 29, Number 1, 2013, PDF, pg. 73-75, October 24, 2016~ KLu AND in this conversation by theorizing what we call the curriculum project of replacement. Voting negative is for a hermeneutics of suspicion that refuses the aff’s resuscitation of postmodern thought.King 17 (Tiffany Lethabo King, Assistant Professor of Women’s, Gender and Sexuality Studies at Georgia State, PhD in American Studies from the University of Maryland at College Park, Spring 2017, "Humans Involved: Lurking in the Lines of Posthumanist Flight," Critical Ethnic Studies Volume 3 Number 1, footnotes 1 and 7 included in curly braces, modified) gz AND the human and the post human are causes for suspicion within Black studies. | 1/14/22 |
1- NC- PPTournament: Grapevine Classic | Round: Triples | Opponent: Strake Jesuit JS | Judge: Favian Sun Presumption and permissibility negates – a) statements are more often false than true since I can prove something false in infinite ways b) real world policies require positive justification before being adopted c) resolved in the resolution indicates they proactively did something, to negate that means that they aren’t resolved e) to negate means to deny the truth of which means if the aff is false you vote neg. | 12/12/21 |
1- NC- SkepTournament: Grapevine Classic | Round: 5 | Opponent: McNeil AG | Judge: Favian Sun Presumption and permissibility negates – a) statements are more often false than true since I can prove something false in infinite ways b) real world policies require positive justification before being adopted c) the aff has to prove an obligation which means lack of that obligation negates d) resolved in the resolution indicates they proactively did something, to negate that means that they aren’t resolved.And, either it’s the case we can predict the outcome of a situation, or we cannot. We cannot, insofar as no situation is ever replicated exactly, and even if it can, there’s no guarantee the outcome will be the same. If we can predict situations, that means everyone can, which means we will always predict each other, making a paradox of action insofar as we always attempt to predict the outcomes of each other’s actions, and will cancel out the obligations.And, in order to discover something, it must not be known, but in order to know to discover something, it must already be known – this makes the quest for knowledge incomprehensible and thus impossibleSkep is true and negates –Every reason is equally as violent in its creation.Derrida, Jacques Derrida, "Force of Law: The Mystical Foundation of Authority" Massa But justice, however unpresentable it may be, doesn't wait.· It is that which must not wait. To be direct, simple and brief, let us say this: a just decision is always required immediately, "right away." It cannot furnish itself with infinite information and the unlimited knowledge of conditions, rules or hypothetical imperatives that could justify it. And even if it did have all that at its disposal, even if it did give itself the time, all the time and all the necessary facts about the matter, the moment of decision, as such, always remains a finite moment of urgency and precipitation, since it must not be the consequence or the effect of this theoretical or historical knowledge, of this reflection or this deliberation, since it always marks the interruption of the juridico- or ethico- or politico-cognitive deliberation that precedes it, that must precede it. The instant of decision is a madness, says Kierkegaard. This is particularly true of the instant of the just decision that must rend time and defy dialectics. It is a madness. Even if time and prudence, the patience of knowledge and the mastery of conditions were hypothetically unlimited, the decision would be structurally finite, however late it came, decision of urgency and precipitation, acting in the night of non-knowledge and non-rule Affirming negates.Paraphrasing Mcnamara ‘06, Paul, 2-7-2006, "Deontic Logic (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy)," No Publication, https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/logic-deontic/index.html~~#4.3 Massa Premise 1—If the aff is true, it ought to be the case that members of the WTO should reduce IP protections.Premise 2—It ought to be the case that the WTO reduce IP protections if and only if the members have IP protections. This is because standard logic would necessitate transferring the obligation predicate onto its necessary condition.Thus, premise 3—if the aff is true, it ought to be the case that the members of the WTO has IP protections. This logically follows from "if P is Q and P is Q only if N, then N."External world skep is true.Neta, Ram. "External World Skepticism." The Problem of The External World, 2014, philosophy.unc.edu/files/2014/06/The-Problem-of-the-External-World.pdf. Massa AND not such a brain, then you cannot know that you have hands. And, any account of morality is regressive since it predicates one universal rule on the existence of another moral rule. Since every human chain of reasoning must be finite according to our finite nature, such a reasoning process must terminate in a rule for which no reason can be given. | 12/20/21 |
1- NC- UtilTournament: Yale University Invitational | Round: 2 | Opponent: Mission San Jose SR | Judge: Animesh Joshi Thus, the meta-ethic is substantive moral naturalism. Prefer – Bottom of Form~1~ Empiricism – naturalism is the only objective way to derive experiences for normative values based on the real world around us~2~ All other theories collapse – epistemological guidance is predisposed with a physical cognitive capacity to act which is reliant on the natural world.The standard is maximizing expected well-being. Prefer –~1~ Actor specificity – Governments must aggregate with util because their policies benefit some and harm others so side constraints freeze state action. Actor spec comes first – different agents have different ethical standings – takes out calc indicts because it proves the fwrk is empirically used.~2~ Ground – Both debaters have ground to engage under util – Aff gets plans, while Neg gets DAs and counterplans. AND anything can function under util if it has an external benefit. Other fwrks deny 1 side engagement on link and impact level. TJFs outweigh because concerns fairness – outweighs all args concede valid of fairness.~3~ Consequentialism is true and a side constraint to ethics – ~A~ All actions are forward-looking, so intentions are constituted by foreseen consequences. ~B~ Moral substitutability – If I ought to mow the lawn, then I ought to turn on the lawnmower. Thus, an obligation requires all of its necessary enablers. ~C~ No Act Omission Distinction – choosing to omit is an act in and of itself thus people psychologically decide not to act – and if they win there is a distinction auto negate because we can always omit an action making the squo always an option.~4~ We have no unified consciousness—empirics,Parfit 84 ~Derek Parfit, Reasons and Persons (Oxford: Clarendon, 1984) AND , and can receive two different answers written by this person’s two hands. That means util—focus on individual people doesn’t matter, so only helping groups of people is important and only util does so.~5~ Extinction first – a) Forecloses future improvement – we can never improve society because our impact is irreversible b) Moral obligation – allowing people to die is unethical and should be prevented because it creates ethics towards other people c) Objectivity – body count is the most objective way to calculate impacts because comparing suffering is unethical.The brain seeks pleasure to initiate action – optogenetics proves.Schaffer 17 (MIT technology review, Amanda Schaffer is a freelance journalist who writes about science and medicine for Slate, the New York Times, and other publications. Neuroscientist Kay Tye tackles the physical basis of emotions and behavior. ~"How the Brain Seeks Pleasure and Avoids Pain" MIT research lab https://www.technologyreview.com/2017/06/27/150948/how-the-brain-seeks-pleasure-and-avoids-pain/ 6/27/17~ Mberhe AND out what to do in the face of complex and sometimes contradictory cues. | 9/17/21 |
1- NC- Util v2Tournament: Mid America Cup | Round: 1 | Opponent: American Heritage Broward Jessica Wong | Judge: Tajaih Robinson The Standard is Maximizing Expected Wellbeing~1~ Extinction first –a) Forecloses future improvement – we can never improve society because our impact is irreversibleb) Turns suffering – mass death causes suffering because people can’t get access to resources and basic necessitiesc) Moral obligation – allowing people to die is unethical and should be prevented because it creates ethics towards other peopled) Objectivity – body count is the most objective way to calculate impacts because comparing suffering is unethical~2~ Util is a lexical pre-requisite to any other framework – Threats to bodily security preclude the ability for moral actors to act upon other theories since they are in a constant crisis that inhibits the moral conditions other theories presuppose.~3~ Pain provides an objective reason for why oppression is bad.Gray 09 ~Gray, James W. "An Argument for Moral Realism." Ethical Realism. N.p., 07 Oct. 2009. Web. 04 Sept. 2015. https://ethicalrealism.wordpress.com/2009/10/07/an-argument-for-moral-realism/. MA in philosophy from San Jose State University (2008)~ AND states that we don’t all merely share a subjective preference in avoiding pain, ~4~ Ground – Both debaters have ground to engage under util – Aff gets plans, while Neg gets DAs and counterplans. AND anything can function under util if it has an external benefit. Other fwrks deny 1 side engagement on link and impact level. Hyper-specific theories mean people have little prep on the issue. TJFs OW because concerns fairness – OW all args concede valid of fairness.The role of the ballot is to vote for the debater that produces the best material consequences based on the fiated implications of the plan –~1~ No performative or methodological offense – It’s extra-T which is a voter for limits, spiking out of neg ground making any discussion worse.~2~ Strat Skew – the resolution is the only stasis point and adding other factors to the round decks predictable limits which guts pre round prep.~3~ Inclusion – Novices and Lay debaters all use the material consequences in the plan – proven by every lay tournament outside the circuit – by increasing the burden to your model you exclude them from the space. | 12/20/21 |
1- NC- Util v3Tournament: Florida Blue Key Round Robin | Round: 3 | Opponent: Lake Highland Prep AB | Judge: Tajaih Robinson, Wyatt Hatfield The meta-ethic is substantive moral naturalism. Prefer – Bottom of Form~1~ Empiricism – naturalism is the only objective way to derive experiences for normative values based on the real world around us~2~ All other theories collapse – epistemological guidance is predisposed with a physical cognitive capacity to act which is reliant on the natural world.The standard is maximizing expected well-being. Prefer –~1~ Actor specificity – Governments must aggregate with util because their policies benefit some and harm others so side constraints freeze state action. Actor spec comes first – different agents have different ethical standings – takes out calc indicts because it proves the fwrk is empirically used.~5~ Extinction first – a) Forecloses future improvement – we can never improve society because our impact is irreversible b) Moral obligation – allowing people to die is unethical and should be prevented because it creates ethics towards other people c) Objectivity – body count is the most objective way to calculate impacts because comparing suffering is unethical.The brain seeks pleasure to initiate action – optogenetics proves.Schaffer 17 (MIT technology review, Amanda Schaffer is a freelance journalist who writes about science and medicine for Slate, the New York Times, and other publications. Neuroscientist Kay Tye tackles the physical basis of emotions and behavior. ~"How the Brain Seeks Pleasure and Avoids Pain" MIT research lab https://www.technologyreview.com/2017/06/27/150948/how-the-brain-seeks-pleasure-and-avoids-pain/ 6/27/17~ Mberhe AND out what to do in the face of complex and sometimes contradictory cues. | 12/20/21 |
1- NC- Util v4Tournament: Isidore Newman School Invitational | Round: Semis | Opponent: Harrison MB | Judge: Jacob Lugo, Becca Steiner, John Sims The role of the judge and ballot is to endorse the better debater — anything else is arbitrary and self-serving and is poor scholarship in a competitive space—none of their evidence is specific to debate, just educational spaces in vacuum. Competition is inevitable – that should filter how you evaluate the rest of the flow. They need to win why their model of debate solves the impacts they’ve identified.Analyzing extinction is good – it builds better policies to solve inequality – multiple warrants.Mahnken and Junio ’13 (2013, Thomas, PhD, Jerome E. Levy Chair of Economic Geography and National Security at the U.S. Naval War College and a Visiting Scholar at the Philip Merrill Center for Strategic Studies at The Johns Hopkins University’s Paul H. Nitze School of Advanced International Studies, and Timothy, Predoctoral Fellow, Center for International Security and Cooperation, Stanford University, PhD in Political Science expected 2013, "Conceiving of Future War: The Promise of Scenario Analysis for International Relations," International Studies Review Volume 15, Issue 3, pages 374–395, September 2013) AND to explain how future counterfactuals fit into the methodological canon of the discipline. Reducing existential risk by even a tiny amount outweighs every other impactBostrom 11 — Nick Bostrom, Professor in the Faculty of Philosophy and Oxford Martin School, Director of the Future of Humanity Institute, and Director of the Programme on the Impacts of Future Technology at the University of Oxford, recipient of the 2009 Eugene R. Gannon Award for the Continued Pursuit of Human Advancement, holds a Ph.D. in Philosophy from the London School of Economics, 2011 ("The Concept of Existential Risk," Draft of a Paper published on ExistentialRisk.com, Available Online at http://www.existentialrisk.com/concept.html, Accessed 07-04-2011) AND the positive value of the direct benefit of such an action.~13~ | 12/12/21 |
1- ROB- Truth TestingTournament: Grapevine Classic | Round: 5 | Opponent: McNeil AG | Judge: Favian Sun The role of the ballot is to determine whether the resolution is a true or false statement – anything else moots 7 minutes of the nc and exacerbates the fact that they speak first and last since I should be able to compensate by choosing – it’s the most logical since you don’t say vote for the player who shoots the most 3 points, the better player wins.Reject their framing on inclusion – they exclude all offense except what follows from their specific fwk which shuts out those without the resources to prepare.The ballot says vote aff or neg based on a topic and five dictionaries define to negate as to deny the truth of and affirm as to prove true which means it’s constitutive and jurisdictional.Their framing justifies permissibility since it only tells you what to do in face of one problem which means everything outside that instance isn’t condemned. | 12/20/21 |
1- ROB- Truth Testing v2Tournament: Yale University Invitational | Round: 4 | Opponent: Millburn AK | Judge: Conal Thomas-McGinnis The role of the ballot is to determine whether the resolution is a true or false statement – anything else moots 7 minutes of the nc and exacerbates the fact that they speak first and last since I should be able to compensate by choosing – it’s the most logical since you don’t say vote for the player who shoots the most 3 points, the better player wins.The ballot says vote aff or neg based on a topic and five dictionaries define to negate as to deny the truth of and affirm as to prove true which means it’s constitutive and jurisdictional.Their framing justifies permissibility since it only tells you what to do in face of one problem which means everything outside that instance isn’t condemned.Reject new 1AR ROTBs –1. Infinite abuse – Reading a new ROB in the 1AR makes it so all you have to do is dump on the 1N ROB and marginally extend your warrants in the 2ar and the neg can’t do anything about it since there is no 3NR to answer the 2ar weighing or extrapolations, you already have conceded offense, all you need is the ROB.2. Reciprocity – (a) restarting the ROB debate in the 1ar puts you at a 7-6 advantage on the framing debate since I have to propose one in the 1N since 2N arguments are new – putting it in the aff makes it 13-13 (b) you have one more speech to contest my ROB and weigh, I can only possibly answer your ROB in the 2n but you can do comparative weighing in the 2ar (c) I can only read a ROB in the 1N so you should read it in your first speech as well – that’s definitionally an equal burden. 3. Neg definition choice – The aff should have defined ought in the 1ac as their value, by not doing so they have forfeited their right to read a new definition – kills 1NC strategy since I premised my engagement on a lack of your definition. | 12/12/21 |
1- T- 3 TierTournament: Heart of Texas Invitational | Round: 2 | Opponent: Harvard-Westlake AT | Judge: Colton Gilbert Topical affirmatives must enact the resolution through a three-tier process.Reid-Brinkley 8 - PhD from UGA, professor of communications at the University of Pittsburgh (Shanara, "THE HARSH REALITIES OF "ACTING BLACK": HOW AFRICAN-AMERICAN POLICY DEBATERS NEGOTIATE REPRESENTATION THROUGH RACIAL PERFORMANCE AND STYLE") recut Lex VM AND in the community of those most greatly affected by the status of oppression. They don’tVote Neg:(1) Distancing DA – normative knowledge-making practices are steeped in expert vernaculars that crowd-out minority participation which’s a prereq to debate’s benefits – IPP policy analysis sans the three-tiers leads to distancing that demobilizes politics toward interpassivity and secures psychic violence(2) Access – not only are privileged debaters forced to acknowledge the structural advantages of their social location in elite classroom settings and encouraged to mobilize as accomplices to minority debaters, but students confront how lived experience shapes knowledge – their model instills a view from nowhere that encourages passing privilege. | 10/16/21 |
1- Th- 1AR Theory HedgeTournament: Grapevine Classic | Round: 5 | Opponent: McNeil AG | Judge: Favian Sun Reject new 1AR ROTBs –1. Infinite abuse – Reading a new ROB in the 1AR makes it so all you have to do is dump on the 1N ROB and marginally extend your warrants in the 2ar and the neg can’t do anything about it since there is no 3NR to answer the 2ar weighing or extrapolations, you already have conceded offense, all you need is the ROB.2. Reciprocity – (a) restarting the ROB debate in the 1ar puts you at a 7-6 advantage on the framing debate since I have to propose one in the 1N since 2N arguments are new – putting it in the aff makes it 13-13 (b) you have one more speech to contest my ROB and weigh, I can only possibly answer your ROB in the 2n but you can do comparative weighing in the 2ar (c) I can only read a ROB in the 1N so you should read it in your first speech as well – that’s definitionally an equal burden. Eval debate after 1nc k2 reciprocity. 3. Neg definition choice – The aff should have defined ought in the 1ac as their value, by not doing so they have forfeited their right to read a new definition – kills 1NC strategy since I premised my engagement on a lack of your definition.And, reject 1AR Theory: a~ double bind – Either you auto accept all responses to 2NR standards and they auto win since I can't respond, or you intervene to give 2AR credence. They’ll say it’s inevitable but it’s a sliding scale. Inevitable resolvability or intervention collapses to reasonability – which allows for substance ed and friv theory with no counter interp offense b~ infinite abuse in the context of aff abuse doesn’t make sense since you can read 1ac theory and uplayer with other 1ar offs like Ks and it’s not infinite we only have 7 mins c~ 7-6, 2-1 skew proves its always skewed to the aff d~ they can blow up dropped arguments in the next speech and I don’t have the chance to frame them out but they can which means only dropped arguments for them are game over – turns infinite abuse. Drop the argument and RVIs on 1ar theory – a~ they can initiate offensive drop the debater theory in the aff and in the 1ar while no judge would vote on 2n theory on severance B~ 1AR being able to spend 20 seconds on a shell and still win forces the 2N to allocate at least 2:30 on the shell which means RVIs check back time skew – outweighs on quantifiability. Reject new 1AR paradigm issues – they have 1 more speech than me on theory so they can go for them in multiple - the 1NC paradigm issues respond to 1ac paradigm issues in mind so new ones moot theoretical offense. | 12/20/21 |
1- Th- Bidirectional Paradigm IssuesTournament: Florida Blue Key Round Robin | Round: 3 | Opponent: Lake Highland Prep AB | Judge: Tajaih Robinson, Wyatt Hatfield Interpretation – All paradigm issues proposed by the affirmative debater must be bidirectional. To clarify, the aff may not claim a particular paradigm on theory only applies to one side.Violation – You read ~1ar theory first and rvis on neg theory~.Standards –1~ Reciprocity – Only granting one side access to a paradigm issue is structurally irreciprocal since I cannot gain access to a particular model of theory debate. All paradigm issues affect my ability to generate offense on theory since I either don’t get an RVI or drop the debater which hinders equal access to the ballot on the same layer. Reciprocity is a voter since it’s the definition of procedural fairness as it structurally changes the chances of winning.2~ Norming – One side having exclusive access to a paradigm issue a) is incoherent since even if particular cases might justify one side getting a paradigm issue it can’t set the norm that one side never gets it b) kills theory clash since we spend more time debating paradigm issues than the actual shells which kills our ability to generate the best actual norms on theory and c) never allows a discussion of which wholistic paradigm issue is generally good because the debate is tailored down to each side which means we never set norms on paradigm issues.Voters – Norming is an independent voter since justifying the value of debate necessarily justifies the norms of the activity being good in order for debate to be valuable. Theory education comes first since it is the ultimate test of critical thinking that carries outside round and shapes the activity in a positive way since theory is how we reclaim the activity from repressive rules. This shell controls the internal link to all of theirs since your structural access is precluded this abuse story – we can never endorse norms insofar as you have skewed their creation.Meta-theory outweighs ~a~ it indicts your ability to read theory ~b~ any reason theory precedes substance is a reason meta-theory comes first since it’s an epistemic indict. Neg abuse is justified by aff abuse in the context of this shell – I need to have the ability to indict abusive theory arguments otherwise the 1AR can just stand up and just say that 1AR theory outweighs everything else and just collapse for 4 minutes. | 12/20/21 |
1- Th- Must Have Plan TextTournament: John Edie Holiday Debates Hosted by The Blake School | Round: Doubles | Opponent: Edina NK | Judge: Pratham Soni, Mike Girouard, Kaija Snyder Interpretation: The aff must read a delineated advocacy text in the 1AC. Violation – They don’t have a plan text.Vote neg for stable ground – I don’t know what disads and CP’s I can read against your plan and what arguments will become relevant cuz they can just say they don’t defend a state, and I don’t know agent based CP links and DAs. For example, the NoKo Regime Collapse DA makes sense vs the NoKo aff but not against the US aff. Text is key – if they don’t have to spec, they can just shift their advocacy depending on the 1nc – I’m literally shooting at a moving target, which wrecks competitive equity. CX doesn’t check – my preround prep was skewed which is when people construct the 1NC. Independently, it means vote neg on presumption and don’t grant permutations because they don’t solve their offense and you don’t know what the aff does.Fairness and education are voters – debate’s a game that needs rules to evaluate it and education gives us portable skills for life like research and thinking.Drop the debater – a) its illogical since we indict the entirety of the 1AC, b) only dropping the debater deters future abuse and sets a positive norm.Use competing interps – reasonability invites arbitrary judge intervention since we don’t know your bs meter.No RVI’s – a) illogical – you shouldn’t win for being fair – it’s a litmus test for engaging in substance, b) baiting – they can stick me with 4 min of answers to a short arg and make the 2NR impossible, | 12/20/21 |
1- Th- New Affs BadTournament: Mid America Cup | Round: 1 | Opponent: American Heritage Broward Jessica Wong | Judge: Tajaih Robinson Interpretation—the aff must disclose the plan text, framework, and advantage area before the round. To clarify, disclosure can occur on the wiki or over message.Violation—they didn’tVote neg for prep and clash—two internal links—a) neg prep—4 minutes of prep is not enough to put together a coherent 1nc or update generics—30 minutes is necessary to learn a little about the affirmative and piece together what 1nc positions apply and cut and research their applications to the affirmative b) aff quality—plan text disclosure discourages cheap shot affs. If the aff isn’t inherent or easily defeated by 20 minutes of research, it should lose—this will answer the 1ar’s claim about innovation—with 30 minutes of prep, there’s still an incentive to find a new strategic, well justified aff, but no incentive to cut a horrible, incoherent aff that the neg can’t check against the broader literature. Fairness is a voter—judge’s constitutive role is to evaluate the better debater which is impossible if the round’s skewed.Fairness- gateway issue- debate is a game which cant evaluate if unfair-need rules to eval objectively constitutive- all args presuppose validity Education – voter only portable skill and reason why schools fund debatedisclosure is DTD – their abusive advocacy skewed the debate from the start B~ DTA is incoherent because we indict their advocacyUse competing interps – (a) reasonability invites arbitrary judge intervention since we don’t know your bs meter, (b) collapses to competing interps – we justify 2 brightlines under an offense defense paradigm just like 2 interps.No RVIs— (a) logic (b) baiting (c) topic education | 12/20/21 |
1- Th- New Affs Bad v2Tournament: John Edie Holiday Debates Hosted by The Blake School | Round: 1 | Opponent: Isidore Newman EE | Judge: Kaya Czyz Interpretation—the aff must disclose the plan text before the round. To clarify, disclosure can occur on the wiki or over message.Violation—they didn't—screenshots in the doc.
First is prep and clash—two internal links—a) neg prep—4 minutes of prep is not enough to put together a coherent 1nc or update generics—30 minutes is necessary to learn a little about the affirmative and piece together what 1nc positions apply and cut and research their applications to the affirmative b) aff quality—plan text disclosure discourages cheap shot affs. If the aff isn't inherent or easily defeated by 20 minutes of research, it should lose—this will answer the 1ar's claim about innovation—with 30 minutes of prep, there's still an incentive to find a new strategic, well justified aff, but no incentive to cut a horrible, incoherent aff that the neg can't check against the broader literature.Fairness is a voter because debate is a competitive activity that requires objective valuation. Education is a voter because it is the only long term benefit we get out of debate and it is the reason why schools fund debate in the first place. Drop the debater to solve for in round abuse, deter future abusive practices—dropping the argument makes no sense cuz it’s the aff that’s indicted, and because substance is skewed as I have been forced to spend time on theory. Use competing interps because it is the only method that allows us to quantify and weigh the abuse and because reasonability requires intervention by asking the judge to determine the threshold for abuse. RVI’s cause a chilling effect that discourages legit theory, you had a burden to be fair and educational in the first place | 12/20/21 |
1- Th- Spec SaintTournament: Apple Valley MinneApple Debate Tournament | Round: 2 | Opponent: Lincoln East SE | Judge: Wyatt Hatfield Interpretation: Debaters must specify your favorite saint in the 1acViolation: They don’t. Mine is St. Ignatius of Loyola, for obvious reasons.Standards:1~ Virtue education. Regardless of if catholicism is true, learning about Saints teaches us to be better people.Deacon Frederick Bartels, All Saints: Why are the saints important in our everyday lives?, 2019, https://joyintruth.com/all-saints-why-are-the-saints-important-in-our-everyday-lives/ BA PB AND the saints consistently offer humankind a pattern of blessed life worthy of duplication. Virtue spills over. Makes us treat people nicer2~ Learning about other religions is good.Voters- education it’s the only reasons schools fund debate Drop the debater – a) they have a 7-6 rebuttal advantage and the 2ar to make args I can’t respond to, b) it deters future abuse and sets a positive norm.Use competing interps – a) reasonability invites arbitrary judge intervention since we don’t know your bs meter,No RVIs – a) illogical – you shouldn’t win for being fair – it’s a litmus test for engaging in substance | 12/20/21 |
JF- CP- LicensingTournament: John Edie Holiday Debates Hosted by The Blake School | Round: 5 | Opponent: Lincoln East BH | Judge: Jacob Nails States should:- establish an international body that would license resources from outer space for private appropriation with a 20 royalty on all profits that is put into a Space Resource Fund that is used to fund space traffic management including at least active debris removal.- Implement Carbon-Capture Sequestration systemsThe CP competes and solves debris.Saletta 16 ~Morgan Saletta, PhD, History and Philosophy of Science, The University of Melbourne, and Kevin Orrman-Rossiter, Graduate Student, History and Philosophy of Science, The University of Melbourne. April 17, 2016. "All of humanity should share in the space mining boom," https://theconversation.com/all-of-humanity-should-share-in-the-space-mining-boom-57740~~ brett AND are responsible global citizens. And they’d get a citizen’s dividend cheque too. Solves debris.Webb et al. 18 ~Lucas; November 2018; Masters of Astronautical Engineering student at USC; Brittany Wojciechowski,; Wichita State University PhD student in aerospace engineering; Aubrey Koonce, Molly Williams*, Wichita State University; European Space Policy Institute; "The Need for Strict Regulation of Asteroid Mining," https://espi.or.at/publications/voices-from-the-space-community/category/3-voices-from-the-space-community~~ brett AND be required to better ensure that asteroids will not become monopolized or depleted. CCS solves warmingHerzog 16, Howard J., Senior Research Engineer in MIT Energy Initiative, July 7, "Carbon Capture is Technically Feasible, and It can be Financially Feasible" http://www.nytimes.com/roomfordebate/2016/07/07/clean-coal-or-a-dirty-shame/carbon-caputre-is-technically-feasible-and-it-can-be-financially-feasible. JG AND intermittency. But proponents are now claiming energy storage can solve that problem. CCS is the only option – all other approaches failJacqueline Koch, Pacific Energy Forum, Can Any Tech Stop Asia’s Coal Future? April 30, 2014, thebreakthrough.org/index.php/programs/energy-and-climate/can-any-tech-stop-asias-coal-future AND plants seems like the most likely and necessary option in the near term. | 12/19/21 |
JF- CP- PPPTournament: John Edie Holiday Debates Hosted by The Blake School | Round: 3 | Opponent: Eagan AE | Judge: Mike Girouard CP text: The United States federal government and Russia ought to fund a public-private partnership for deep space exploration.Galeon 17 ~(Dom, writer for Futurism), "SpaceX Asks the U.S. To Fund a Public-Private Partnership for Deep Space Exploration," July 14, 2017, https://futurism.com/spacex-asks-the-u-s-to-fund-a-public-private-partnership-for-deep-space-exploration~~ TDI AND , and the best chance of success may come from pooling our resources. The CP turns the aff and prevents stifling of innovation.Van Burken 20 ~(Rebecca, technology policy analyst at Reason Foundation) "Biden Can Utilize Space Companies and Public-Private Partnerships," December 14, 2020 https://reason.org/commentary/biden-can-utilize-space-companies-and-public-private-partnerships/~~ TDI AND United States to fall behind other nations in a number of key areas. | 12/18/21 |
JF- DA- BBBTournament: John Edie Holiday Debates Hosted by The Blake School | Round: 3 | Opponent: Eagan AE | Judge: Mike Girouard Biden passes Build Back Better using his PC to secure a narrow majority.—-time running out, Christmas deadline to pass it through the Senate AND the tiebreaking vote — they need the support of all 50 Democratic senators. The plan trades off — ratification requires PC and floor time.—-even if popular, even some opposition ensures immense floor time due to Senate procedures. AND , by objecting to a unanimous consent request (Heitshusen 2013:4)). Opposition is guaranteed. NewSpace companies will lobby for their survival against the plan and smear it as an unworkable doctrine.GC 17 ~GC Magazine; Autumn 2017; Business thinking, In-house management, Published by legal500; "The new space race," https://www.legal500.com/gc-magazine/feature/the-new-space-race/~~ brett AND feasible, then lock in standards that are ultimately irrelevant and unworkable.’ Prevents existential climate disaster.Moncrief ’11-11 ~Aliki; 2021; executive director of Florida Conservation Voters; Orlando Sentinel, "Build Back Better Act would help in climate crisis," https://www.orlandosentinel.com/opinion/guest-commentary/os-op-climate-change-congress-act-now-20211111-44u6bgyn5fdvnp3eqievkebqpe-story.html~~ AND Floridians, and begins to address the climate crisis at the same time. Warming is a much higher risk of war.Dr. Michael T. Klare 20, Five Colleges Professor of Peace and World Security Studies at Hampshire College, Ph.D. from the Graduate School of the Union Institute, BA and MA from Columbia University, Member of the Board of Director at the Arms Control Association, Defense Correspondent for The Nation, "How Rising Temperatures Increase the Likelihood of Nuclear War", The Nation, 1/13/2020, https://www.thenation.com/article/archive/nuclear-defense-climate-change/ AND as might erupt in Europe, South Asia, or the western Pacific. | 12/18/21 |
JF- DA- India Soft PowerTournament: John Edie Holiday Debates Hosted by The Blake School | Round: Doubles | Opponent: Edina NK | Judge: Pratham Soni, Mike Girouard, Kaija Snyder Space is an intrinsic part of India’s soft power expansion and they’re set to rapidly scale now.Sarthak Kathayat, Sarthak Kathayat is a student at Jamia Millia Islamia, India., NIICE NEPAL, 11-1-2020, "Soft Power and India’s Space Diplomacy," https://niice.org.np/archives/6420 TDI AND expected to remain an essential element for future course of India’s foreign policy. Private sector key to Indian space efforts.Raghu Krishnan, Raghu Krishnan is the technology editor for the Economic Times. In the over two decades of reporting and managing teams, he has seen the Indian IT industry grow from $ 1 billion to nearly $ 191 billion. He has a deep understanding of the shifts the Indian IT industry has undergone over the years. He has also covered science and India's aerospace RandD industry., 12-7-2020, "New space policy may take local companies global: Sivan," Economic Times, https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/science/new-space-policy-may-take-local-companies-global-sivan/articleshow/79599874.cms?from=mdr TDI AND and an approval is expected from the government by the end of December. The plan tanks India’s private space industry and undermines India’s position in the global order. ~Good~Mohan ’21 ~C. Raja Mohan is Director, Institute of South Asian Studies, National University of Singapore, and contributing editor on foreign affairs for 'The Indian Express', 7-27-2021, "India will need pragmatism, diplomatic skill in shaping new rules for regulation of outer space," Indian Express, https://indianexpress.com/article/opinion/columns/mission-shakti-anti-satellite-weapon-isro-drdo-india-space-missions-5701517/~~ TDI AND . Above all it needs collaboration with allies and partners in outer space. Indian soft power key to democracy promotion and counteracting authoritarian foreign policy.Khanna and Moorthy 17 Khanna, Shrey, and P. Moorthy. "Analysing India’s Soft Power Functioning in the Twenty-First Century: Possibilities and Challenges." India Quarterly, vol. 73, no. 3, 2017, pp. 292–311. JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/48505543. Accessed 26 July 2021Aanya AND its foreign policy to make it the major selling point of Brand India. Democracy solves climate change but we need an increase in pace of action====Casas-Zamora 21==== AND stuff democratic governance agendas should be made of in the climate crisis era. India has led multiple non-proliferation movements and their benign perception is k2 maintaining US-China RelationsPethiyagoda 14 ~Kadira Pethiyagoda, a former diplomat whose PhD and upcoming book investigated Indian foreign policy. He was a visiting scholar at the University of Oxford, "India’s Soft Power Advantage," The Diplomat, 9/17/14, https://thediplomat.com/2014/09/indias-soft-power-advantage/~~ TDI AND time to solidify ties with one of the world’s most dynamic rising powers. Risk of US-China military confrontation in flashpoints inevitably go nuclear due to intermingled forcesTalmadge 18 ~Caitlin Talmadge, Associate Professor of Security Studies at the Edmund A. Walsh School of Foreign Service at Georgetown University, "Beijing’s Nuclear Option, Why a U.S.-Chinese War Could Spiral Out of Control," Foreign Affairs, https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/china/2018-10-15/beijings-nuclear-option, 10/15/18~ TDI AND a war that could rapidly turn catastrophic for the region and the world. Nuclear proliferation causes nuclear war due to entanglement of conventional and nuclear weaponsActon 19 ~James M. Acton, Acton holds the Jessica T. Mathews Chair and is co-director of the Nuclear Policy Program at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, "The Weapons Making Nuclear War More Likely," Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, https://carnegieendowment.org/2019/02/08/weapons-making-nuclear-war-more-likely-pub-78343, 2/18/19~ TDI AND As a result, the prospects of such cooperation appear to be bleak. | 12/20/21 |
JF- DA- Xi LashoutTournament: Harvard Westlake Debates DebateLA Challenge | Round: 2 | Opponent: NorChr LB | Judge: David Dosch, Claudia Ribera Xi’s regime is stable now, but its success depends on strong growth and private sector development.Mitter and Johnson 21 ~Rana Mitter and Elsbeth Johnson, Rana Mitter is a professor of the history and politics of modern China at Oxford. Elsbeth Johnson, formerly the strategy director for Prudential PLC’s Asian business, is a senior lecturer at MIT’s Sloan School of Management and the founder of SystemShift, a consulting firm. May-June 2021, "What the West Gets Wrong About China," Harvard Business Review, https://hbr.org/2021/05/what-the-west-gets-wrong-about-china accessed 12/14/21~ Adam AND University thanks to social mobility and the party’s significant investment in scientific research. Xi has committed to the commercial space industry as the linchpin of China’s rise – the plan is seen as a complete 180—-their ev.Patel 21 ~Neel V. Patel, Neel is a space reporter for MIT Technology Review. 1-21-2021, "China’s surging private space industry is out to challenge the US," MIT Technology Review, https://www.technologyreview.com/2021/01/21/1016513/china-private-commercial-space-industry-dominance/ accessed 12/14/21~ Adam AND for the commercial space sector as it tries to expand," he says. Shifts in regime perception threatens CCP’s legitimacy from nationalist hardliners.Weiss 19 Jessica Weiss 1-29-2019 "Authoritarian Audiences, Rhetoric, and Propaganda in International Crises: Evidence from China" http://www.jessicachenweiss.com/uploads/3/0/6/3/30636001/19-01-24-elite-statements-isq-ca.pdf (Associate Professor of Government at Cornell University)Elmer AND to it more directly than even the U.S. government."11 Xi will launch diversionary war to domestic backlash – escalates in multiple hotspotsNorris 17, William J. Geostrategic Implications of China’s Twin Economic Challenges. CFR Discussion Paper, 2017. (Associate professor of Chinese foreign and security policy at Texas AandM University’s Bush School of Government and Public Service)Elmer AND resource is directed shifts away from industrial and export production toward domestic consumption. ====US–China war goes nuclear – crisis mis-management ensures conventional escalation - extinction==== AND during a military crisis, but it would make one far less likely. | 1/13/22 |
JF- K- DualismTournament: TDI Camp Tournament | Round: 1 | Opponent: Wheel of Cannibalism Spundan Kapoor | Judge: Tej Gedela The aff is not a break from dualistic thinking but reifies it. Appeals to space as being the dominion of all humankind, free to explore for the benefit of our common heritage, promote an image of humanity unburdened by its material environment.Ferrando 16 ~(Francesca, Ph.D. in philosophy, M.A. in Gender Studies, Professor.@ NYU) "Why Space Migration Must Be Posthuman", 2016, http://ndl.ethernet.edu.et/bitstream/123456789/76546/1/147.pdf.pdf~~#page=136yperlink~~ TDI AND been opened and expanded: posthumanism has entered the gates to the heavens. Their view of "junk" as a threat to techno-capital expansion is an attempt to bury their co-constitutive ecology. It is only the image of the objects of our accumulation remaining to haunt us.Ivakhiv 18 ~(Adrian, Professor of Environmental Thought and Culture at the University of Vermont) Shadowing the Anthropocene: Eco-Realism for Turbulent Times, 2018~ TDI AND the "thing-ism," about as far as it can go. The impact is a state of permanent war—their political discourses surrounding space make militarization inevitable and turns the case.Dickens and Ormrod 16 ~(Peter Dickens, Senior Research Associate in the Department of Sociology at the University of Cambridge, member of the Red-Green Study Group in London, James S Ormrod, Principal Lecturer in Sociology at the University of Brighton), "The Future of Outer Space", The Palgrave Handbook of Society, Culture and Outer Space~ TDI AND the possibilities (and limits) of military technology’ (p. 81). Viewing humanity as distinct from and in relation to "nature" is inherently violent – concerns about purity and contamination spill into violent discourses of race, sexuality, and immigration that culminate in eugenics.Carroll 18 ~(Myles, PhD Candidate, Department of Political Science, York University, Toronto, Ontario), "Narrating technonatures: discourses of biotechnology in a neoliberal era", Journal of Political Ecology, Volume 25 Issue 1,2018, https://journals.librarypublishing.arizona.edu/jpe/article/id/2078/ AND I will now examine these good sense approaches to anti-GMO activism. The alternative is to see that nature is us—recognizing the logic of the 1AC as the primary barrier to overcoming challenges to our environment and beyond.Baskin 15 ~(Jeremy, Senior Fellow at the Melbourne School of Government where he focuses on the legitimacy and accountability of knowledge) Paradigm Dressed as Epoch: The Ideology of the Anthropocene, 2015, Environmental Values~ TDI AND data or new technologies (see Pielke, 2007: 71–2). The alt is a prerequisite – the consequences and ethics of laws concerning space cannot be divorced from the language that produces them.Ferrando 16 ~(Francesca, Ph.D. in philosophy, M.A. in Gender Studies, Professor.@ NYU) "Why Space Migration Must Be Posthuman", 2016, http://ndl.ethernet.edu.et/bitstream/123456789/76546/1/147.pdf.pdf~~#page=136yperlink~~ TDI AND
| 12/1/21 |
JF- K- Dualism v2Tournament: TDI Camp Tournament | Round: 3 | Opponent: LaRPeRs Pranav Kaginele | Judge: Jonathan Jeong | 12/19/21 |
JF- NC- KantTournament: John Edie Holiday Debates Hosted by The Blake School | Round: 5 | Opponent: Lincoln East BH | Judge: Jacob Nails The meta-ethic is procedural moral realism - substantive realism holds that moral truths exist independently of that in the empirical world. Prefer procedural realism –~1~ Uncertainty – our experiences are inaccessible to others which allows people to say they don’t experience the same, however a priori principles are universally applied to all agents.Our relation to how we establish ethics is lexically prior to consequences – there are intrinsic values that make it such the means can never justify the ends.Vallentyne 6 Peter is a Professor of Philosophy at the University of Missouri in Columbia, Missouri. ~"Against Maximizing Act-Consequentialism" mospace.umsystem.edu/xmlui/bitstream/handle/10355/10174/AgainstMaximizingActConsequentialism.pdf?sequence=1.~Mberhe AND it impermissible to treat people in certain ways even if it promotes value. ~2~ Naturalistic fallacy – experience only tells us what is since we can only perceive what is, not what ought to be, this means experience may be generally useful but should not be the basis for ethical action.Practical Reason is that procedure. To ask for why we should be reasoners concedes its authority since it uses reason – anything else is nonbinding and arbitrary.Velleman (David, "Self To Self", Cambridge University Press, 2006, pg 18-19) AND something self-defeating about asking for a reason to act for reasons. Reason’s authority is self-justified. Only self-justification is epistemically sound—otherwise inquiry is infinitely regressive or circular. That means the aff must prove their framework is based in a self-justifying axiom.Aggregation is nonsensical since a~ it impedes on one persons ends for another and b~ assumes everyone values the same thing.Moral law must be universal—our judgements can’t only apply to ourselves any more than 2+24 can be true only for me – any non-universalizable norm justifies someone’s ability to impede on your ends.==== Thus, the standard is consistency with liberty. Prefer:1~ The state is obligated to prioritize freedom.Otteson 09 ~(James R., professor of philosophy and economics at Yeshiva University) "Kantian Individualism and Political Libertarianism," The Independent Review, v. 13, n. 3, Winter, 2009~ TDI AND in the absence of invasions or threats of invasions, it is inactive. 2~ Enterprise – we are composed of different practical identities, but reason unifies them and allows us to shift and act upon different enterprises. Consequentialist frameworks cannot produce unified moral actions.3~ Performativity—freedom is the key to the process of justification of arguments. Willing that we should abide by their ethical theory presupposes that we own ourselves in the first place.Contention –1~ Libertarianism mandates a market-oriented approach to space—that negates.Broker 20 ~(Tyler, work has been published in the Gonzaga Law Review, the Albany Law Review and the University of Memphis Law Review.) "Space Law Can Only Be Libertarian Minded," Above the Law, 1-14-20, https://abovethelaw.com/2020/01/space-law-can-only-be-libertarian-minded/~~ TDI AND fidelity to a set of laws made possible, in such an existence. 2~ Property rights in space can be consistent with international lawSimberg 12 ~(Rand, MSE in technical management from West Coast University, recognized as an expert in space transportation by the Office of Technology Assessment) "Homesteading the Final Frontier A Practical Proposal for Securing Property Rights in Space," Competitive Enterprise Institute, April 2012, https://cei.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/04/Rand-Simberg-Homesteading-the-Final-Frontier.pdf~~ TDI AND provides support for the concept of individual claims off planet under Article II. 3~ Space appropriation and exploration originates from private companies such as Space X and Blue Origin. Preventing such is a restriction on the ability of companies to set and pursue their ends and these companies gain contracts with the government for projects which turns promise breaking offense. | 12/19/21 |
JF- PIC- India Soft PowerTournament: TDI Camp Tournament | Round: 3 | Opponent: LaRPeRs Pranav Kaginele | Judge: Jonathan Jeong | 12/19/21 |
JF- PIC- REMsTournament: John Edie Holiday Debates Hosted by The Blake School | Round: 1 | Opponent: Isidore Newman EE | Judge: Kaya Czyz CP Text: States, except the United States, should ban the appropriation of outer space for asteroid mining by private entities. The United States should fund the appropriation of outer space for the mining of rare earth metals from asteroids by private entities.The PIC is key to beat China and protect against Chinese REM gatekeepingStavridis 21 ~(James, retired US Navy admiral, chief international diplomacy and national security analyst for NBC News, senior fellow at JHU Applied Physics Library, PhD in Law and Diplomacy from Tufts) "U.S. Needs a Strong Defense Against Chinas Rare-Earth Weapon," Bloomberg Opinion, March 4, 2021, https://www.bloomberg.com/opinion/articles/2021-03-04/u-s-needs-a-strong-defense-against-china-s-rare-earth-weapon~~ TDI AND , and should serve as a basis for the Biden administration and Congress. REM access key to military primacy and tech advancement - alternatives failTrigaux 12 (David, University Honors Program University of South Florida St. Petersburg) "The US, China and Rare Earth Metals: The Future Of Green Technology, Military Tech, and a Potential Achilles Heel to American Hegemony," USF St. Petersberg, May 2, 2012, https://digital.stpetersburg.usf.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1132andcontext=honorstheses~~ TDI AND . Given the nature of many military applications, substitutions aren't possible. 91 Primacy and allied commitments solve arms races and great power war -unipolarity is sustainable, and prevents power vacuums and global escalationBrands 18 ~Hal, Henry Kissinger Distinguished Professor at Johns Hopkins University's School of Advanced International Studies and a senior fellow at the Center for Strategic and Budgetary Assessments." American Grand Strategy in the Age of Trump." Page 129-133~ AND Russian and Chinese modernization efforts are now creating a far more competitive environment. Space dominance solves nuclear war. Hegemony de-escalates all conflict scenarios.Yoo 18 ~(Emanuel S. Heller Professor of Law at the University of California, Berkeley, and a visiting scholar at AEI since 2003. He served as a deputy assistant attorney general in the Office of the Legal Counsel of the U.S. Department of Justice from 2001 to 2003, where he worked on constitutional and national security matters, as General Counsel of the U.S. Senate Committee on the Judiciary from 1995-96, and as a law clerk to Justice Clarence Thomas of the U.S. Supreme Court (John, Winning the Space Race, October 15th, http://www.aei.org/publication/winning-the-space-race/)~~ *edited for offensive language AND armed conflict, and hence bolster, rather than undermine, international security. Counterplan solves scenario 1 - climate solutions rely on REMsArrobas et al 17 ~(Daniele La Porta Arrobas is a senior mining specialist with the World Bank based in Washington DC and has degrees in Geoscience and Environmental Management, Kirsten Hund is a senior mining specialist with the Energy and Extractives Global Practice of the World Bank and holds a Masters in IR from the University of Groningen in the Netherlands, Michael Stephen McCormick, Jagabanta Ningthoujam has an MA in international economics and international development from JHU and a BS in MechE from Natl University of Singapore, John Drexhage also works at the Intl Institute for Sustainable Development) "The Growing Role of Minerals and Metals for a Low Carbon Future," World Bank, June 30, 2017, https://documents.worldbank.org/en/publication/documents-reports/documentdetail/207371500386458722/the-growing-role-of-minerals-and-metals-for-a-low-carbon-future~~ TDI AND . It concludes by identifying critical research gaps and suggestions for future work. | 12/20/21 |
JF- PIC- REMs v3Tournament: The Newark Invitational 2022 | Round: 4 | Opponent: Peninsula RM | Judge: Anshuman Mishra CP Text: States, except the United States, should ban the appropriation of outer space for asteroid mining by private entities. The United States should fund the appropriation of outer space for the mining of rare earth metals from asteroids by private entities.The PIC is key to beat China and protect against Chinese REM gatekeepingStavridis 21 ~(James, retired US Navy admiral, chief international diplomacy and national security analyst for NBC News, senior fellow at JHU Applied Physics Library, PhD in Law and Diplomacy from Tufts) "U.S. Needs a Strong Defense Against Chinas Rare-Earth Weapon," Bloomberg Opinion, March 4, 2021, https://www.bloomberg.com/opinion/articles/2021-03-04/u-s-needs-a-strong-defense-against-china-s-rare-earth-weapon~~ TDI AND , and should serve as a basis for the Biden administration and Congress. REM access key to military primacy and tech advancement - alternatives failTrigaux 12 (David, University Honors Program University of South Florida St. Petersburg) "The US, China and Rare Earth Metals: The Future Of Green Technology, Military Tech, and a Potential Achilles Heel to American Hegemony," USF St. Petersberg, May 2, 2012, https://digital.stpetersburg.usf.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1132andcontext=honorstheses~~ TDI AND . Given the nature of many military applications, substitutions aren't possible. 91 Primacy and allied commitments solve arms races and great power war - unipolarity is sustainable, and prevents power vacuums and global escalationBrands 18 ~Hal, Henry Kissinger Distinguished Professor at Johns Hopkins University's School of Advanced International Studies and a senior fellow at the Center for Strategic and Budgetary Assessments." American Grand Strategy in the Age of Trump." Page 129-133~ AND Russian and Chinese modernization efforts are now creating a far more competitive environment. Space dominance solves nuclear war. Hegemony de-escalates all conflict scenarios.Yoo 18 ~(Emanuel S. Heller Professor of Law at the University of California, Berkeley, and a visiting scholar at AEI since 2003. He served as a deputy assistant attorney general in the Office of the Legal Counsel of the U.S. Department of Justice from 2001 to 2003, where he worked on constitutional and national security matters, as General Counsel of the U.S. Senate Committee on the Judiciary from 1995-96, and as a law clerk to Justice Clarence Thomas of the U.S. Supreme Court (John, Winning the Space Race, October 15th, http://www.aei.org/publication/winning-the-space-race/)~~ *edited for offensive language AND armed conflict, and hence bolster, rather than undermine, international security. Counterplan solves warmingclimate solutions rely on REMsArrobas et al 17 ~(Daniele La Porta Arrobas is a senior mining specialist with the World Bank based in Washington DC and has degrees in Geoscience and Environmental Management, Kirsten Hund is a senior mining specialist with the Energy and Extractives Global Practice of the World Bank and holds a Masters in IR from the University of Groningen in the Netherlands, Michael Stephen McCormick, Jagabanta Ningthoujam has an MA in international economics and international development from JHU and a BS in MechE from Natl University of Singapore, John Drexhage also works at the Intl Institute for Sustainable Development) "The Growing Role of Minerals and Metals for a Low Carbon Future," World Bank, June 30, 2017, https://documents.worldbank.org/en/publication/documents-reports/documentdetail/207371500386458722/the-growing-role-of-minerals-and-metals-for-a-low-carbon-future~~ TDI AND . It concludes by identifying critical research gaps and suggestions for future work. Hegemonic idealism is key to spur action - empirics. And the aff trades off.Kagan, 14 ~Robert Kagan, PhD in American Diplomatic History from American University, Masters of Public Policy from Harvard's Kennedy School of Government, Senior fellow at the Brookings Institution, 5-24-2014, New Republic, Superpowers Don't Get to Retire: What our tired country still owes the world, http://www.newrepublic.com/article/117859/allure-normalcy-what-america-still-owes-world~~ Jeong AND waiting in the wings to save the world if this democratic superpower falters. Liberal order is really good - solves violence and poverty - stats.Wyne, 3/16/15 ~Ali, researcher at Harvard University's Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs http://www.huffingtonpost.com/ali-wyne/the-world-is-becoming-saf'b'6878664.html~~ AND state of the world and more time supporting those who're making it better. Pursuit of heg is inevitable and goodStokes 18 Doug, Professor in International Security and Strategy in the Department of Politics at the University of Exeter. "Trump, American hegemony and the future of the liberal international order", International Affairs, Volume 94, Issue1, pg. 133-150, https://doi.org/10.1093/ia/iix238, 01-01-2018 AND ante, given the goods the United States still derives from its hegemony. Breaking down neoliberalism kills leadershipDumenil and Levy 09 AND be emulated, and the United States as a leader to be followed. | 1/8/22 |
JF- T- Appropriation v2Tournament: John Edie Holiday Debates Hosted by The Blake School | Round: 3 | Opponent: Eagan AE | Judge: Mike Girouard Interpretation: "Appropriation of outer space" by private entities refers to the exercise of exclusive control of space.TIMOTHY JUSTIN TRAPP, JD Candidate @ UIUC Law, ’13, TAKING UP SPACE BY ANY OTHER MEANS: COMING TO TERMS WITH THE NONAPPROPRIATION ARTICLE OF THE OUTER SPACE TREATY UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS LAW REVIEW ~Vol. 2013 No. 4~ AND the Bogotá Declaration were trying to accomplish, albeit through different means.219 Private appropriation of extracted space resources is distinct from appropriation "of" outer space. Despite longstanding permission of appropriation of extracted resources, sovereign claims are still universally prohibited.Abigail D. Pershing, J.D. Candidate @ Yale, B.A. UChicago,’19, "Interpreting the Outer Space Treaty's Non-Appropriation Principle: Customary International Law from 1967 to Today," Yale Journal of International Law 44, no. 1 AND -out allowing appropriation of space resources once such resources have been extracted. Common usage also concludes appropriation is the taking of or exercise of control over propertyBohm 13 ~JEFF BOHM, Chief Judge. In re Cowin, 492 B.R. 858 (Bankr. S.D. Tex. 2013).~ TDI
AND embezzlement under section 523(a)(4), the Sixth Circuit stated: Court precedent affirms appropriation is permanent occupation not temporary use.Marshall 82 ~JUSTICE MARSHALL delivered the opinion of the Court. Loretto v. Teleprompter Manhattan CATV Corp., 458 US 419 - Supreme Court 1982~ TDI AND property, and it is this deprivation for which the Constitution requires compensation"). Violation: they ban asteroid miningStandards:1~ Limits and ground: the aff interpretation explodes the topic to allow any aff about extracting resources which structurally alters the neg research burden because there’s a qualitative difference between appropriation of outer space and of resources. That alters neg ground because it means the aff can defend trivial middle grounds that go beyond just exclusive appropriation unbalancing the topic.2~ Precision: Proper construction of Article XII OST provides rights to property in outer space, not appropriation of outer space. Construction of A. XII OST to provide in-situ property rights is absurd.Michelle L.D. Hanlon, LLM Air and Space Law @ McGill, JD magna cum laude Georgetown Law Center, BA Political Science @ Yale, ‘18, "The Space Review: Our fear of "heritage" imperils our future," No Publication, https://www.thespacereview.com/article/3450/1 AND equipment is strewn. Surely this is not the intent of the law? Precision outweighs—determines what we prepare for which controls the internal link to any pragmatic benefits of the activityTopicality is a voting issue because topicality indicts the aff’s entire advocacy.Competing interpretations: reasonability is arbitrary and causes a race to the bottom because the neg doesn’t know what constitutes a "reasonable" interp when doing prep. It also collapses to competing interps because you use offense defense to determine that reasonability is good.No RVIs—T is an aff burden just like inherency. It also causes a chilling effect on legitimate topicality arguments which causes proliferation of questionably topical cases.T 1ar theory—indicts the aff and abuse is self inflicted—outweighs on nomrsetting only 2 monmths—not highest layer | 12/18/21 |
JF- T- Appropriation v3Tournament: John Edie Holiday Debates Hosted by The Blake School | Round: 5 | Opponent: Lincoln East BH | Judge: Jacob Nails Interpretation: Topical affirmatives may not defend removal of space debris."Appropriation of outer space" by private entities refers to the exercise of exclusive control of space.TIMOTHY JUSTIN TRAPP, JD Candidate @ UIUC Law, ’13, TAKING UP SPACE BY ANY OTHER MEANS: COMING TO TERMS WITH THE NONAPPROPRIATION ARTICLE OF THE OUTER SPACE TREATY UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS LAW REVIEW ~Vol. 2013 No. 4~ AND the Bogotá Declaration were trying to accomplish, albeit through different means.219 Private appropriation of extracted space resources is distinct from appropriation "of" outer space. Despite longstanding permission of appropriation of extracted resources, sovereign claims are still universally prohibited.Abigail D. Pershing, J.D. Candidate @ Yale, B.A. UChicago,’19, "Interpreting the Outer Space Treaty's Non-Appropriation Principle: Customary International Law from 1967 to Today," Yale Journal of International Law 44, no. 1 AND -out allowing appropriation of space resources once such resources have been extracted. Common usage also concludes appropriation is the taking of or exercise of control over propertyBohm 13 ~JEFF BOHM, Chief Judge. In re Cowin, 492 B.R. 858 (Bankr. S.D. Tex. 2013).~ TDI
AND embezzlement under section 523(a)(4), the Sixth Circuit stated: Court precedent affirms appropriation is permanent occupation not temporary use.Marshall 82 ~JUSTICE MARSHALL delivered the opinion of the Court. Loretto v. Teleprompter Manhattan CATV Corp., 458 US 419 - Supreme Court 1982~ TDI AND property, and it is this deprivation for which the Constitution requires compensation"). Violation: all of their contentions are about space debris.Standards:Vote neg for limits and ground: the aff interpretation explodes the topic to allow any aff about extracting resources which structurally alters the neg research burden because there’s a qualitative difference between appropriation of outer space and of resources. That alters neg ground because it means the aff can defend trivial middle grounds that go beyond just exclusive appropriation unbalancing the topic.Precision outweighs—determines what we prepare for which controls the internal link to any pragmatic benefits of the activityTopicality is DTD cine it indicts the aff’s entire advocacy.Competing interpretations: reasonability is arbitrary and causes a race to the bottom because the neg doesn’t know what constitutes a "reasonable" interp when doing prep. It also collapses to competing interps because you use offense defense to determine that reasonability is good.No RVIs—T is an aff burden just like inherency. It also causes a chilling effect on legitimate topicality arguments which causes proliferation of questionably topical cases. | 12/19/21 |
JF- T- FrameworkTournament: TDI Camp Tournament | Round: 3 | Opponent: LaRPeRs Pranav Kaginele | Judge: Jonathan Jeong | 12/19/21 |
JF- T- Framework v2Tournament: The Newark Invitational 2022 | Round: 1 | Opponent: Ridge MS | Judge: Julian Kuffour Interpretation: the affirmative may only garner offense off the desirability of the hypothetical enactment of the resolution."Resolved:" refers to a legislative debate.Louisiana State Legislature 16, "Glossary of Legislative Terms," http://www.legis.state.la.us/glossary2.htm AND Senate Rules 10.9, 13.5 and 15.1) Failing to defend topical action decimates the quality of debate for two reasons—1. Competitive equity—any alternative to our model of the topic as a baseline for discussion wrecks it—it’s impossible to negate alternative frameworks with the ground allocated to us by the parameters of the resolution—all 1AR defense to this claim will rely on concessionary ground which isn’t a stable basis for a year of debate.2. Truth testing—they moot the role of the negative which is to force the aff to defend their core assumptions—allowing affs to reframe the debate around their terms makes engagement impossible—outweighs and turns the aff because clash is the only way to translate anything debate gives us outside of the activity.Policy-oriented research paradigms are best for ensuring the reduction of the potential for inequality in space.Weeks, 12 – PhD, Webster University Adjunct Professor of International Relations AND in the middle of all of this. Violation – they don’t defend enacting anything and are extra topical – they fiat that capitalist structures completely disappear with zero internal link to space appropriation—hold the line and ask yourself where in the 1AC it was clear that space is the lynchpin of all capitalism writ- large. At worst, they don’t get access to the impact of all capitalism, just space privatization which there is no impact ev for. All the abuse is compounded by the fact there’s no plan text or solvency adv which we’ll win link to our offense.C/a 1AC paradigm issues | 1/7/22 |
JF- T- Framework v3Tournament: The Newark Invitational 2022 | Round: 4 | Opponent: Peninsula RM | Judge: Anshuman Mishra Interpretation: the affirmative may only garner offense off the desirability of the hypothetical enactment of the resolution."Resolved:" refers to a legislative debate.Louisiana State Legislature 16, "Glossary of Legislative Terms," http://www.legis.state.la.us/glossary2.htm AND Senate Rules 10.9, 13.5 and 15.1) Failing to defend topical action decimates the quality of debate for two reasons—1. Competitive equity—any alternative to our model of the topic as a baseline for discussion wrecks it—it’s impossible to negate alternative frameworks with the ground allocated to us by the parameters of the resolution—all 1AR defense to this claim will rely on concessionary ground which isn’t a stable basis for a year of debate.2. Truth testing—they moot the role of the negative which is to force the aff to defend their core assumptions—allowing affs to reframe the debate around their terms makes engagement impossible—outweighs and turns the aff because clash is the only way to translate anything debate gives us outside of the activity. | 1/8/22 |
ND- CP- CCSTournament: Florida Blue Key Speech and Debate Tournament | Round: 6 | Opponent: Lake Highland Prep AVe | Judge: Breigh Plat Counterplan Text: Just Governments shouldbuild, increase funding, and make clear performance standards for Carbon Capture and Storage plants to mitigate the adverse effects of warmingsubstantially increase peatland restoration and growth projects for the purpose of carbon sequestrationCCS tech solves warmingBrookings ’16 ~"Fostering low carbon energy: Next generation policy to commercialize CCS in the United States" https://www.brookings.edu/research/fostering-low-carbon-energy-next-generation-policy-to-commercialize-ccs-in-the-united-states/ NC~ AND further development of integrated projects at scale and create markets for CCS technology. Restoration is viable and solves warming through sequestration – spills over globallyWard and Settelmeyer 14 – ecological director at US FWS; director of TerraCarbon (Sara and Scott, Accessed 7/7/17, "Carbon Sequestration Benefits of Peatland Restoration: Attracting New Partners to Restore National Wildlife Refuge Habitats", http://terracarbon.webfactional.com/publications/Ward'Settelmyer'NWN'JanFeb'2014.pdf**, AD) AND create a more robust compliance market demand to support investment in peatland rewetting efforts | 10/30/21 |
ND- DA- BBBTournament: Isidore Newman School Invitational | Round: Semis | Opponent: Harrison MB | Judge: Jacob Lugo, Becca Steiner, John Sims Both bills pass now and solve the climate – full-court PC press ensures Manchinema get on board, but new fights complicate the processMascaro 11/4 ~Lisa, Congressional reporter for the Los Angeles Times "Biden's big bill on brink of House votes, but fighting drags"https://www.startribune.com/bidens-big-bill-on-brink-of-house-votes-but-fighting-drags/600112896/~~ AND Biden's bill but championed the slimmer infrastructure package that had stalled amid deliberations. Manchin’s broadly opposed to strike activity – plan causes a fightFurman and Winant 10/17/21 ~Jonah Furman is a labor movement organizer and writer for Labor Notes based in Maryland. Gabriel Winant is an assistant professor of history at the University of Chicago. He is the author of "The Next Shift: The Fall of Industry and the Rise of Health Care in Rust Belt America." "The John Deere Strike Shows the Tight Labor Market Is Ready to Pop." https://theintercept.com/2021/10/17/john-deere-strike-labor-market/~~ AND is the shift in labor market power that such policy measures help secure. The schedule is crowded and the Senate’s already working weekends—-any further threats to unity kill the agendaCarney 9/7 ~JORDAIN CARNEY, "Democrats stare down nightmare September", 9/7/21, https://thehill.com/homenews/senate/570825-democrats-stare-down-nightmare-september?rl=1~~ AND , and Republicans unified in opposition, Democrats can’t afford to lose Manchin. Passage allows an unprecedented investment in combatting climate changeMorton 10/28 ~Joseph Morton, "Democrats tout climate spending in reconciliation", 10/28/21, https://www.rollcall.com/2021/10/28/framework-includes-clean-energy-tax-credits-omits-methane-fee/~~ AND this is just one admittedly very big piece of the overall policy puzzle." It causes extinction.Dunlop 17. (Ian Dunlop chaired the Australian Coal Association in 1987-88, chaired the Australian Greenhouse Office Experts Group on Emissions Trading from 1998-2000 and was CEO of the Australian Institute of Company Directors from 1997-2001. He has a particular interest in the interaction of corporate governance, corporate responsibility and sustainability. An engineer by qualification, he holds an MA (Mechanical Sciences) degree from the University of Cambridge, he is a Fellow of the Australian Institute of Company Directors, the Australasian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy, and the Energy Institute (UK), and a Member of the Society of Petroleum Engineers of AIME (USA). He also chairs the Australian National Wildlife Collection Foundation. David Spratt is a Research Director for Breakthrough and co-author of Climate Code Red: The case for emergency action (Scribe 2008). His recent reports include Recount: It’s time to "Do the math" again; Climate Reality Check and Antarctic Tipping Points for a Multi-metre Sea-level Rise. A Failure of Imagination on Climate Risks. July 26, 2017. www.resilience.org/stories/2017-07-26/a-failure-of-imagination-on-climate-risks/) AND Prof. Hans Joachim Schellnhuber replied in two words: "Human civilisation". | 12/12/21 |
ND- DA- EconTournament: Florida Blue Key Round Robin | Round: 3 | Opponent: Lake Highland Prep AB | Judge: Tajaih Robinson, Wyatt Hatfield The Global Economy is stabilizing and set for increases in 2021 but is still vulnerable to shocksWorld Bank 6-8 6-8-2021 "The Global Economy: on Track for Strong but Uneven Growth as COVID-19 Still Weighs" https://www.worldbank.org/en/news/feature/2021/06/08/the-global-economy-on-track-for-strong-but-uneven-growth-as-covid-19-still-weighs AND continues to flare, it will shape the path of global economic activity. Strikes hurt the Economy – two warrants:1~ They hurt critical core industries that is necessary for economic growthMcElroy 19 John McElroy 10-25-2019 "Strikes Hurt Everybody" https://www.wardsauto.com/ideaxchange/strikes-hurt-everybody (MPA at McCombs school of Business) AND be a better way to get workers a raise without torching the countryside. 2~ Strikes create a stigmatization effect over labor and consumption that devastates the EconomyTenza 20, Mlungisi. "The effects of violent strikes on the economy of a developing country: a case of South Africa." Obiter 41.3 (2020): 519-537. (Senior Lecturer, University of KwaZulu-Natal) AND with a GDP declined by 0.72 and 0.78.32 Err Negative – over-estimate the effect on Strikes on the economy since traditional economic measures underestimate the damage.Babb No Date Katrina Babb "Chapter 11: The Economic Impact of Unions" http://isu.indstate.edu/conant/ecn351/ch11/chapter11.htm (Professor of Economic at Indiana State) AND to attribute all of the costs associated with a strike to labor alone. Economic Collapse goes Nuclear.Tønnesson 15, Stein. "Deterrence, interdependence and Sino–US peace." International Area Studies Review 18.3 (2015): 297-311. (the Department of Peace and Conflict, Uppsala University, Sweden, and Peace research Institute Oslo (PRIO), Norway) AND each other, with a view to obliging Washington or Beijing to intervene. | 12/20/21 |
ND- DA- InfrastructureTournament: Florida Blue Key Speech and Debate Tournament | Round: 6 | Opponent: Lake Highland Prep AVe | Judge: Breigh Plat Biden has PC for infrastructure but it needs to maintained in the face of impatient democrats.Sullivan and Kane 6/11 ~Sean and Paul. Sean Sullivan covers national politics, with a focus on the 2020 presidential campaign. Paul Kane. Washington, D.C. Senior congressional correspondent and columnist. Education: University of Delaware, BA. "‘Time is running out’: Democrats split over Biden’s relentless focus on infrastructure". 6-9-2021. . https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/democrats-split-biden-infrastructure/2021/06/10/f1f95a8e-c91f-11eb-afd0-9726f7ec0ba6'story.html.~~ AND doesn’t mean you win the fight," said the Rev. Al Sharpton. Preserving comfortable union relations maintains PC.Kerrissey and Schofer 13 ~Kerrissey, Jasmine, and Evan Schofer. Jasmine Kerrissey Department of Sociology University of California, Irvine Evan Schofer Department of Sociology University of California, Irvine. "Union Membership and Political Participation in the United States." Social Forces, vol. 91, no. 3, 2013, pp. 895–928. JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/23361125~ AND collective action with employers and to maintain political capital with the Democratic party. Strike would divide the UnionIsraelstam 17 ~Ivan. Ivan Israelstam is the Chief Executive of Labour Law Management Consulting. "What is the impact of strikes for employers and employees?". 11-22-2017. Skills Portal. https://www.skillsportal.co.za/content/what-impact-strikes-employers-and-employees.~~ AND able to help the parties rebuild their relationship once the strike is over. Infrastructure bill is necessary to tackle emission reduction goals.Newburger 3/29 ~Emma. Emma Newburger is a Climate policy reporter at @CNBC. @Cornell grad. "Here’s how Biden’s infrastructure package will likely tackle climate change". 1-27-2021. CNBC. https://www.cnbc.com/2021/03/29/biden-infrastructure-bill-what-to-expect-on-climate-change.html.~~ AND Jenkins added. "We are confident that Congress can achieve these goals." | 10/30/21 |
ND- K- Attack On Young ThugTournament: Florida Blue Key Speech and Debate Tournament | Round: 2 | Opponent: Scarsdale DD | Judge: Keshav Dandu THE DIGITAL AGE IS HERE – Technology has created an age of constant information and signifiers floating through our phones and computers as media. This creates a dyslexia – reduced attention spans, no time for true human interaction – this leads to information overload, which is too fast for our organic minds to keep up with – that causes depression and drug use. It’s no coincidence that the rise of tech in the 80s was complimented with a drug epidemic. These signifiers must be evaluated; thus, the role of the ballot is to disrupt semiocapitalism.Berardi 09 ~Franco Berardi, Italian communist theorist and activist in the autonomist tradition, whose work mainly focuses on the role of the media and information technology within post-industrial capitalism Precarious Rhapsody, by Franco Bifo Berardi et al., AK Press, 2009. P. 40-42 LEX JB~ AND psychopathology has done up until now and as economic power wishes to do. The era of Information Overload is upon us. Mumble rap, the catalyst for its downfall, was borne from its arrival. Waugh 20Waugh, M. (2020). "Every time I dress myself, it go motherfuckin" viral’: Post-verbal flows and memetic hype in Young Thug’s mumble rap. Popular Music, 39(2), 208–232. doi:10.1017/s026114302000015xAanya AND is~ a version of this hyper-compressed language’ (Greene 2013). Affect is the prepersonal experience of potentiality, the way bodies change and are changed by other bodies and environments. We cannot deny our ability to affect and be affected; every interaction we have changes both of the entities involved. Attack on Titan makes use of this through the affect of horror. Ferdinand 17Medium, Ruben Ferdinand,( a fulltime writer and freelance academic always looking for work. I’ve been a manuscript editor for a fiction publication company for about two years and have written articles in Dutch for various online publications concerned with art and politics. Academic background includes historiographical research and source analysis, critical (media) theory, critical race theory, postmodernism and poststructuralism, postcolonialism, orientalism, and critical feminist theory, with a supplementary broad understanding of feminist vision theory, somatechnics, art and affect) Feb 13 2017/Lex AGh AND Titan’s military politics is hot potatoes given the series’ publishing history. In 2 The citizenry’s wounded attachments are tied to the paradoxical relationship of the Self and the Other. The cannibalistic nature of titans creates a phenomenon between the consumer and media— drives are linguistically and inextricably tied to philia and phobia. Yamazaki 2"Only the Winner is Allowed to Live": The Concept of Cannibalism in Attack on Titan, Asuka Yamazaki, ITL, 2017Lex AGh AND , the discourse within the fiction is inseparable from human history and memory. Their call for unionization and strikes might have worked a century ago, but post digital infosphere, the solvency is impossible.Berardi 11 ~Franco Berardi, Italian communist theorist and activist in the autonomist tradition, whose work mainly focuses on the role of the media and information technology within post-industrial capitalism "Chapter 4 Exhastion and Subjectivity." After the Future, by Franco Bifo Berardi et al., AK Press, 2011. P. 107-108 LEX JB~ AND , occupation of territories in the cities, organization of self-defense. Young Thug utilizes musical inconsistency to deploy paradoxical linguistic symbolism to the Infosphere—an excess of language that exists outside the limits of control.Waugh, M. (2020). "Every time I dress myself, it go motherfuckin" viral’: Post-verbal flows and memetic hype in Young Thug’s mumble rap. Popular Music, 39(2), 208–232. doi:10.1017/s026114302000015xAanya AND (Might Just)’~, replacing lyrics with infantile noises. Thus, the Role of the Ballot is to Embrace Thuggerz: endorse a revolutionary method modeled after Thug’s post-verbal flows.Waugh, M. (2020). "Every time I dress myself, it go motherfuckin" viral’: Post-verbal flows and memetic hype in Young Thug’s mumble rap. Popular Music, 39(2), 208–232. doi:10.1017/s026114302000015xAanya AND like Fabo’, ‘I’m a stoner’ and ‘just like a boss’. | 10/29/21 |
ND- K- BerardiTournament: Florida Blue Key Round Robin | Round: 3 | Opponent: Lake Highland Prep AB | Judge: Tajaih Robinson, Wyatt Hatfield THE DIGITAL AGE IS HERE – Technology has created an age of constant information and signifiers floating through our phones and computers as media. This creates a dyslexia – reduced attention spans, no time for true human interaction – this leads to information overload, which is too fast for our organic minds to keep up with – that causes depression and drug use. It’s no coincidence that the rise of tech in the 80s was complimented with a drug epidemic. These signifiers must be evaluated; thus, the role of the ballot is to disrupt semiocapitalism.Berardi 09 ~Franco Berardi, Italian communist theorist and activist in the autonomist tradition, whose work mainly focuses on the role of the media and information technology within post-industrial capitalism Precarious Rhapsody, by Franco Bifo Berardi et al., AK Press, 2009. P. 40-42 LEX JB~ AND psychopathology has done up until now and as economic power wishes to do. The topic’s call for unionization and strikes might have worked a century ago, but post digital infosphere, the solvency is impossible.Berardi 11 ~Franco Berardi, Italian communist theorist and activist in the autonomist tradition, whose work mainly focuses on the role of the media and information technology within post-industrial capitalism "Chapter 4 Exhastion and Subjectivity." After the Future, by Franco Bifo Berardi et al., AK Press, 2011. P. 107-108 LEX JB~ AND , occupation of territories in the cities, organization of self-defense. Thus, the only alternative is to symbolically take the system hostage through it’s own method of exhaustion. We do this through radical passivity and a method of the Wu Wei – only radical passivity can escape the infosphere. Its condoBerardi 11 ~Franco Berardi, Italian communist theorist and activist in the autonomist tradition, whose work mainly focuses on the role of the media and information technology within post-industrial capitalism "Chapter 4 Exhastion and Subjectivity." After the Future, by Franco Bifo Berardi et al., AK Press, 2011. P. 107-108 LEX JB~ AND without social recovery. Social life has become residual, redundant, irrelevant. | 12/20/21 |
ND- K- CapitalismTournament: Apple Valley MinneApple Debate Tournament | Round: 2 | Opponent: Lincoln East SE | Judge: Wyatt Hatfield Jinkies! Capitalism transforms individuals into ‘Nobodies’ that creates the conditions for violence. The world and our relation to other people is structured by commodities—for example, when I say ‘Scooby-Doo character with glasses’, you’ll think Velma.Marc L. Hill 16. Distinguished Professor of African American Studies at Morehouse College. Nobody, Casualties of America’s War on the Vulnerable, from Ferguson to Flint and Beyond. Atria Books. 17-20. AND . It is my hope that this book offers an analysis that spotlights the Capitalism is terminally unsustainable and the causes structural violence, institutional failure, environmental collapse and global warFOSTER 19 – Professor of Sociology @ the University of Oregon, Ph.D. in Political Science @ York University, editor of the Monthly Review, former critical Essay Editor/Archives Editor, Organization and Environment, editor and author of numerous books and articles about economics, environment, and capitalism ~John, "Capitalism Has Failed—What Next?" 2/1/2019, https://monthlyreview.org/2019/02/01/capitalism-has-failed-what-next/, DKP~ AND rift in the social and environmental conditions governing human life on earth.43 Unions only operate within the system and can never challenge capitalism.11 (Sharon Smith, Smith is an author for International Socialist Review, "Marxism, unions, and class struggle", https://isreview.org/issue/78/marxism-unions-and-class-struggle, Published 2/9/11, Accessed 12/3/18, Lex RM) AND labor movement today, even as the working class becomes ripe for struggle. Vote negative to stand in solidarity with the communist party. Transition is inevitable, the alternative engages in the difficult work of post-capitalist planning.Dean 12 (Jodi, political philosopher and professor in the Political Science department at Hobart and William Smith Colleges, "The Communist Horizon", Verso 2012) AND psychoanalyst provides a means for the analysand to become conscious of her desire. | 12/20/21 |
ND- K- PsychoTournament: Apple Valley MinneApple Debate Tournament | Round: 5 | Opponent: Harrison MB | Judge: Silma Bathily The 1AC’s attempt to change public belief based on the injection of new knowledge into the debate economy allows contrary beliefs to frame themselves as a "radical" rebellion against authority—this turns the caseMcGowan, 2013 (Todd, Associate Professor in the College of Arts and Sciences at the University of Vermont, Enjoying What We Don’t Have, pg. 247-250) AND determination. In the prevailing social contract, femininity and subjectivity remain opposed. Their call for unionization and strikes might have worked a century ago, but post digital infosphere, the solvency is impossible.Berardi 11 ~Franco Berardi, Italian communist theorist and activist in the autonomist tradition, whose work mainly focuses on the role of the media and information technology within post-industrial capitalism "Chapter 4 Exhastion and Subjectivity." After the Future, by Franco Bifo Berardi et al., AK Press, 2011. P. 107-108 LEX JB~ AND , occupation of territories in the cities, organization of self-defense. The 1AC’s demand to be recognized as a form of political dissent is an investment in the hegemonic order – the power of demand stems from the authority of the system. Their failure to theorize desire turns the 1AC into a moment of jouissance that betrays their radical intentions in order to maintain the possibility of protest. The 1nc is a no to the affirmative and disrupts the agential fantasy in favor of reinvesting desire in light of the death drive.Lundberg ’12 (Christian, Associate Prof. of Rhetoric @ UNC Chapel Hill, "On Being Bound to Equivalental Chains," Cultural Studies, Volume 26, Issue 2-3, 2012) AND should produce a re-evaluation of the economy of demand and desire. | 11/6/21 |
ND- K- Settler ColonialismTournament: Isidore Newman School Invitational | Round: 1 | Opponent: Coppell EH | Judge: Nelson Okunlola The gratuitous violence of genocide marks the entry way for Settler being. Their politics is unable to grapple with the affective investments that reproduces the extermination of the Native. The only ethical orientation towards modernity is one that refuses reconciliation with the Settler.Kouri and Skott-Myhre 15 (Scott Kouri, University of Victoria, Hans Skott Myhre, Brock University, "Catastrophe: a transversal mapping of colonialism and settler subjectivity", pg 3 pg 9) CJun AND himself, without a weariness, perhaps a mistrust.28 Unions reify the superiority of the racial settler state and legitimize ongoing genocide that defines its structure - mere economic struggle is not enough. Fletcher 20Bill Fletcher Jr., has been active in workplace and community struggles as well as electoral campaigns. He has worked for several labor unions in addition to serving as a senior staffperson in the national AFL-CIO. Fletcher is the former president of TransAfrica Forum; a Senior Scholar with the Institute for Policy Studies; and in the leadership of several other projects. Fletcher is a syndicated columnist and a regular media commentator on television, radio and the Web.7-1-2020, "Race Is About More Than Discrimination: Racial Capitalism, the Settler State, and the Challenges Facing Organized Labor in the United States," Monthly Review, https://monthlyreview.org/2020/07/01/race-is-about-more-than-discrimination/, 11-17-2021Aanya AND struggle alone is insufficient to bring about any significant and long-term unity Maintaining economic prosperity comes at the expense of Native disposition. The neoliberal economic order necessitates the elimination of the Native in order to maintain the settler economy- turns the aff.Lamb 15 (Christopher Lamb, Queens University, "(NEO)LIBERAL SCRIPTS: SETTLER COLONIALISM AND THE BRITISH COLUMBIA SCHOOL CURRICULUM", https://qspace.library.queensu.ca/bitstream/handle/1974/13792/Lamb'Christopher'A'201510'MA.pdf;jsessionid=2ACD36381C9A052D3E4889F34992E22A?sequence=1, 2015) CJun AND also dependent on the commodification of pristine nature for a global market. Incorporation into Western law performs a violent politics of recognition that guarantees settler sovereignty. Reforms are weaponized to either divorce Natives from their identity or eliminate them entirely.Morgensen 11 (Scott Lauria Morgensen, Queens University, "The Biopolitics of Settler Colonialism: Right Here, Right Now", https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/2201473X.2011.10648801**, 2011) CJun AND replacement demonstrates settlers' achievement of Western law where it would not otherwise exist. The alternative is a cartography of living relations-rather than allowing the continual cycle of repression that allows the settler subject to cohere itself, we are an intervention into the relational forces that re-centers our desires.Kouri and Skott-Myhre 15 (Scott Kouri, University of Victoria, Hans Skott Myhre, Brock University, "Catastrophe: a transversal mapping of colonialism and settler subjectivity", pg 3 pg 9) CJun AND aspects, to cultivate relations that exceed the abstract congurations of oppositional subjectivity. No perm: unions only operate within the system and can never challenge the system.Smith 11 (Sharon Smith, Smith is an author for International Socialist Review, "Marxism, unions, and class struggle", https://isreview.org/issue/78/marxism-unions-and-class-struggle, Published 2/9/11, Accessed 12/3/18, Lex RM) AND labor movement today, even as the working class becomes ripe for struggle. | 12/12/21 |
ND- K- ThuggerzTournament: Florida Blue Key Round Robin | Round: 2 | Opponent: Lexington BF | Judge: Amadea Datel, Sreyaash Das The cybernetic system is hidden under the guise of liberalism – vast populations will be surveilled and controlled as their data becomes collected to fuel the capital political project. Algorithms accurately explain the decisions of society and this new power has transformed our material instantiation of power and will cause the subjectification of our bodies.Paul 20 (Ian Alan Paul – an independent artist, scholar, and theorist whose work examines regimes of power and practices of resistance in global contexts. "Controlling the Crisis" Ianalanpaul, https://www.ianalanpaul.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/ControllingTheCrisis'IanAlanPaul.pdf, DOA: 6-28-2020, tjht) AND the cybernetic systems responsible for both producing and dominating individual subjects dividually.38 The topic’s call for unionization and strikes might have worked a century ago, but post digital infosphere, the solvency is impossible.Berardi 11 ~Franco Berardi, Italian communist theorist and activist in the autonomist tradition, whose work mainly focuses on the role of the media and information technology within post-industrial capitalism "Chapter 4 Exhastion and Subjectivity." After the Future, by Franco Bifo Berardi et al., AK Press, 2011. P. 107-108 LEX JB~ AND , occupation of territories in the cities, organization of self-defense. The policy that the aff proposes is the new link in the chain of command – it’s the next process in the permanent cybernetic control that the state deputizes. The carceral system, War on Terror, logistical drone warfare and the ~aff~ are all part of the broader system that faces an ontological problem. Their planning is due to the aff’s assumptions of correction and the need to change people – they think there’s an endpoint that must be reached which only furthers the extension of cybernetic logistical controlMoten and Harney 13 (Fred Moten – Professor of English at the University of California, Riverside. Stefano Harney – Professor of Strategic Management Education at Singapore Management University. "The Undercommons: Fugitive Planning and Black Study", pgs. 74-77, DOA: 6-29-2020, jzn) AND all life, so that work against risk can be harvested without end. Unintelligibility is key— by making ourselves incomprehensible, we corrupt academic production and access an immanent strategy that truly allows escape from hegemonic power structures.Waugh 20 Waugh, M. ~is a Deputy Degree Programme Director in Media, Culture and Heritage at Newcastle University, having previously lectured at University of Hertfordshire and as a Graduate Teaching Assistant at Anglia Ruskin University. He was awarded his doctorate in Media Studies at Anglia Ruskin University in March 2016, and his PhD thesis incorporated qualitative research through interviews with fifteen independent artists (including composer/media practitioner Holly Herndon, digital film-makers Ryan Trecartin and Jesse Kanda, and musicians including Arca, SOPHIE, Jam City and Evian Christ). His research explores popular culture, digitality, identity and fandom~ (2020). "Every time I dress myself, it go motherfuckin" viral’: Post-verbal flows and memetic hype in Young Thug’s mumble rap. Popular Music, 39(2), 208–232. doi:10.1017/s026114302000015xAanya AND it could be argued that he has moved beyond hip-hop entirely. Young Thug utilizes musical inconsistency to deploy paradoxical linguistic symbolism to the Infosphere—an excess of language that exists outside the limits of control.Waugh 2 Waugh, M. (2020) ~is a Deputy Degree Programme Director in Media, Culture and Heritage at Newcastle University, having previously lectured at University of Hertfordshire and as a Graduate Teaching Assistant at Anglia Ruskin University. He was awarded his doctorate in Media Studies at Anglia Ruskin University in March 2016, and his PhD thesis incorporated qualitative research through interviews with fifteen independent artists (including composer/media practitioner Holly Herndon, digital film-makers Ryan Trecartin and Jesse Kanda, and musicians including Arca, SOPHIE, Jam City and Evian Christ). His research explores popular culture, digitality, identity and fandom~. "Every time I dress myself, it go motherfuckin" viral’: Post-verbal flows and memetic hype in Young Thug’s mumble rap. Popular Music, 39(2), 208–232. doi:10.1017/s026114302000015xAanya AND (Might Just)’~, replacing lyrics with infantile noises. Thus, the Role of the Ballot is to Embrace Thuggerz: endorse a revolutionary method modeled after Thug’s post-verbal flows.Waugh 3 Waugh, M. (2020~is a Deputy Degree Programme Director in Media, Culture and Heritage at Newcastle University, having previously lectured at University of Hertfordshire and as a Graduate Teaching Assistant at Anglia Ruskin University. He was awarded his doctorate in Media Studies at Anglia Ruskin University in March 2016, and his PhD thesis incorporated qualitative research through interviews with fifteen independent artists (including composer/media practitioner Holly Herndon, digital film-makers Ryan Trecartin and Jesse Kanda, and musicians including Arca, SOPHIE, Jam City and Evian Christ). His research explores popular culture, digitality, identity and fandom~). "Every time I dress myself, it go motherfuckin" viral’: Post-verbal flows and memetic hype in Young Thug’s mumble rap. Popular Music, 39(2), 208–232. doi:10.1017/s026114302000015xAanya AND like Fabo’, ‘I’m a stoner’ and ‘just like a boss’. Now logistics have encroached upon the linguistic commons ie the ways in which we interact to the point where even thoughts themselves are quantifiable and financialized. But, as ubiquitous as this system is – it is always vulnerable to the system glitch – neural firings that were never supposed to happen and movement that cannot be expropriated.Beller 2017 (Jonathan Beller – director of the Graduate Program in Media Studies, Pratt Institute, and the author of The Cinematic Mode of Production (2006) and The Message is Murder: Substrates of Computational Capital (2017). "The Fourth Determination", e-flux Journal ~#85 – October 2017 – ERW) AND side of the state—and the state is a state of capital. | 10/28/21 |
ND- T- ConditionsTournament: Florida Blue Key Speech and Debate Tournament | Round: 4 | Opponent: Bellarmine AK | Judge: Spencer Orlowski Interpretation: topical affirmatives must defend recognizing an unconditional right to strike. To clarify, unconditional recognition cannot be contingent on a subset of workers or government.Violation— Plan’s a regulation of a right to strike but they don’t defend a net increase– they only defend a subset of workers—that means they fiat a restriction, not a net increase, since it just establishes conditions where the right is absolute.The US legal dictionary defines unconditional as,Us Legal, Inc., "Unconditional Law and Legal Definition," https://definitions.uslegal.com/u/unconditional/ Restriction is based on conditions – that’s the aff since a right to strike is only recognized ~in the case of incarcerated people~.PEDIAA 15 ~learning website~, "Difference Between Prohibited and Restricted," PEDIAA, 12 October 2015, https://pediaa.com/difference-between-prohibited-and-restricted/, beckert AND to information that are not disclosed to the general public for security purposes. CX doesn’t check – preround prep was skewed which is during NC construction.Voting issue for limits and ground. There are infinite working conditions they could spec in the plan which means their interp is always semantically incorrect since the right to strike is conditional in all other instances. Stable ground —- a complete unconditional recognition is key to circumvention, Politics DAs, and CP competition. Making recognition probabilistic allows the aff to shift late in the debate to no link core positions. | 1/14/22 |
ND- T- Conditions v2Tournament: Apple Valley MinneApple Debate Tournament | Round: 5 | Opponent: Harrison MB | Judge: Silma Bathily Interpretation: topical affirmatives must defend recognizing an unconditional right to strike. This means that the Affirmative must defend that anyone regardless of job or occupation has a fundamental right to strike.Violation— Plan’s a regulation of a right to strike but they don’t defend a net increase– they only defend a subset of workers—that means they fiat a restriction, not a net increase, since it just establishes conditions where the right is absolute.Merriam Webster ND, https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/unconditional sid The US legal dictionary defines unconditional as,Us Legal, Inc., "Unconditional Law and Legal Definition," https://definitions.uslegal.com/u/unconditional/ Restriction is based on conditions – that’s the aff since a right to strike is only recognized ~in the case of sex workers~PEDIAA 15 ~learning website~, "Difference Between Prohibited and Restricted," PEDIAA, 12 October 2015, https://pediaa.com/difference-between-prohibited-and-restricted/, beckert AND to information that are not disclosed to the general public for security purposes. CX doesn’t check – preround prep was skewed which is during NC construction.Voting issue for limits and ground. There are infinite working conditions they could spec in the plan which means their interp is always semantically incorrect since the right to strike is conditional in all other instances. That makes the topic untenable since the Aff can just infinitely specify any condition or permutation of conditions which makes predictable preparation and in-depth clash impossible.Stable ground —- a complete unconditional recognition is key to circumvention, Politics DAs, and CP competition. Making recognition probabilistic allows the aff to shift late in the debate to no link core positions—all of our ground is predicated on the debate between unconditional and conditional – shifting the debate to particular conditions eviscerates core Negative Arguments like Economic Perception or Investment Signaling which only happen as a result of a blanket right to strike. | 11/6/21 |
ND- T- Conditions v3Tournament: Isidore Newman School Invitational | Round: Semis | Opponent: Harrison MB | Judge: Jacob Lugo, Becca Steiner, John Sims Interpretation: topical affirmatives must defend recognizing an unconditional right to strike. To clarify, unconditional recognition cannot be contingent on a subset of workers or government.Violation— Plan’s a regulation of a right to strike but they don’t defend a net increase– they only defend a subset of workers—that means they fiat a restriction, not a net increase, since it just establishes conditions where the right is absolute.The US legal dictionary defines unconditional as,Us Legal, Inc., "Unconditional Law and Legal Definition," https://definitions.uslegal.com/u/unconditional/ AND promise even though the other party has not performed according to the bargain. Violation – They only grant the Right to Strike to prison workers That by definition is a condition since they condition the right to strike on a particular occupation.Jensen ’18 (Eric; co-director of the Stanford Rule of Law Program, in collaboration with USAID, The Asia Foundation, and Stanford Law School; April 2018; "Introduction to the Laws of Timor-Leste"; Stanford Law School; https://law.stanford.edu/wp-content/uploads/2018/04/Timor-Leste-Constitutional-Rights.pdf; Accessed: 10-30-2021; AU) AND strike is important to give individuals the power to defend their labor rights. Precision first—anything else justifies the aff arbitrarily jettisoning words in the resolution which decks predictable limits.Voting issue for limits and ground. There are infinite working conditions they could spec in the plan which means their interp is always semantically incorrect since the right to strike is conditional in all other instances. Stable ground —- a complete unconditional recognition is key to circumvention, Politics DAs, and CP competition. Making recognition probabilistic allows the aff to shift late in the debate to no link core positions.Drop the debater – their abusive advocacy skewed the debate from the startComes before 1AR theory – NC abuse is responsive to them not being topicalTopicality is a voting issue that should be evaluated through competing interpretations – it tells the negative what they do and do not have to prepare for.No RVIs 1) its illogical you don’t win by proving that you’re fair 2) encourages theory baiting where good theory debaters bait the RVI to win | 12/12/21 |
ND- T- Framework v1Tournament: Apple Valley MinneApple Debate Tournament | Round: 4 | Opponent: West Des Moines Valley MM | Judge: Chris Castillo Our Interpretation is the affirmative should instrumentally defend the resolution – hold the line, CX and the 1AC prove there’s no I-meet – anything new in the 1AR is either extra-T since it includes the non-topical parts of the Aff or effects-T since it’s a future result of the advocacy which both link to our offense."Resolved" means to enact by law.Words and Phrases ’64 AND ," which is defined by Bouvier as meaning "to establish by law". Recognition is defined as legal authority in the context of international law.Britannica N.D, world- renowned encyclopediaAanya https://www.britannica.com/topic/recognition-international-law AND newly formed country.’ ‘They refused to recognize the treaty.’ "Ought to be" indicates a state of affairs and obligates an actor with the ability to bring about that state of affairs.Hage 01 Jaap ~Maastricht University, Law, Faculty Member, chair of Jurisprudence (Legal Theory) at the University of Maastricht (Netherlands)~ "Contrary to Duty Obligations: A Study in Legal Ontology" in Bart Verheij, Arno R. Lodder, Ronald P. Loui and Antoinette J. Muntjewerff (eds.), Legal Knowledge and Information Systems. Jurix 2001: The Fourteenth Annual Conference. Amsterdam: IOS Press, 2001, pp. 89-102. IB AND seeing to it that the obligatory state of affairs is achieved or maintained. Just implies a legal interpretation.Us Legal, Inc., "Just Law and Legal Definition,", https://definitions.uslegal.com/j/just/ Aanya AND . Anything just would be in perfect harmony with the rights of others. ~4~ Standards to Prefer:First - Fairness – radically re-contextualizing the resolution lets them defend any method tangentially related to the topic exploding Limits, which erases neg ground via perms and renders research burdens untenable by eviscerating predictable limits. Procedural questions come first – debate is a game and it makes no sense to skew a competitive activity as it requires effective negation which incentivizes argument refinement, but skewed burdens deck pedagogical engagement.Voting aff doesn’t access social change, but voting neg resolves our procedural impacts.Ritter ‘13 (Michael J; JD from U Texas Law; 2013; "Overcoming The Fiction of "Social Change Through Debate": What’s To Learn from 2pac’s Changes?"; National Journal of Speech and Debate, Vol. 2, Issue 1) AND those fictions and adopt them only if they promote the activity and its purposes Fairness turns the Aff – 1~ Solutions to status quo unfairness should not be to remove them for all but work to ensure that fairness in every instance is remedied and 2~ An unlimited topic hurts low-income and minority debaters by allowing big schools infinite capacity to break non-T Affs – for people who can’t afford to work on debate full-time due to income concerns, their interp says unless you prep out every possible Aff, you will always lose.Fairness,1~ its an independent impact and prior to the aff intrinsically true in the context of a competitive activity, before you feel comfortable voting aff, you should determine the fair basis to adjudicate substance its contradictory to vote on fairness bad you have no obligation to evaluate their arguments or conclude the aff is a good idea, which proves the lack of fairness renders the activity incoherent2~ Scope, it’s the only impact you can solve for, voting for them doesn’t resolve antiasianness in debate but voting for T remedies procedural inequalities caused by their aff3~ Only way the game works, undergirds competitive incentive to research and prep engage and clash for argumentative evaluation, OOR and prep solves their education offense, but fairness ensures that this hour is productive, this protects under resourced debaters from impossible research burdens, their version makes debate pay to play, but our model makes that better by forcing large teams to be bound to the topicPrecision first—anything else justifies the aff arbitrarily jettisoning words in the resolution which decks predictable limits. 1AR counterinterps predicated on their ethical theory miss the boat—they must counter-define terms.Second - Clash – picking any grounds for debate precludes the only common point of engagement, which obviates preround research and incentivizes retreat from controversy by eliminating any effective clash. Only the process of negation distinguishes debate and discussion by necessitating iterative testing and effective engagement, but an absence of constant refinement dooms revolutionary potential.Third – SSD – their model that allows them to side-step the topic on both the Aff and Neg hurts debate as a site of role experimentation – choosing to individually engage both sides solves argument refinement and self-reflexivity breeding constantly evolving methodology which is key to activist resistance BUT side-stepping it ingrains ideological dogmatism by imposing artificial lines in the sand for what not to experiment replicating imperial ideologies about exclusion.Legislative demands are necessary in mobilizing Asian American movements – otherwise their micropolitical strategy fialsMcCann 12 (Michael McCann, Inclusion, Exclusion, and the Politics of Rights Mobilization: Reflections on the Asian American Experience, Seattle Journal for Social Justice Vol 11, http://digitalcommons.law.seattleu.edu/sjsj/vol11/iss1/9) klmd AND of all Americans," and, I might add, all peoples.28 ====State engagement is uniquely key for Asian American agency – their strategy is best when posited through institutional engagement==== AND momentum for a more coherent community, which demography alone does not predict. Framework solves their offense – the recognition posited by the 1ac has already been introduced into the debate space – we just need to prove their political praxis can be done in conjunction with legal engagement – solves the affWoan ‘8 (Sunny Woan, White Sexual Imperialism: A Theory of Asian Feminist Jurisprudence, Washington and Lee Journal of Civil Rights and Social Justice Volume 14 Issue 2, https://scholarlycommons.law.wlu.edu/crsj/vol14/iss2/5) klmd AND expose otherwise latent forces that work at conserving injurious sex and race disparities. The aff’s caricatures can be utilized to access institutional power and representation – they have it backwards – coalitional activists agreeChoi ’16 (Jennifer Choi, Owning our Power: Asian Americans and Civic Engagement, https://aapip.org/our-stories/owning-our-power-asian-americans-and-civic-engagement) klmd AND the room, and I look forward to the next empowering chapter ahead. Fiat is not "coercive mimeticism" but a pragmatic engagement with the law that embraces multiple consciousness – that’s to material changes, no matter how small. Independently, affirming the "Asian American" as a static category is bad BUT deconstruction thru pragmatic struggle solves.Chang, 93 (Robert S. Chang, serves on the advisory board of Berkeley’s Asian American Law, October 1993, accessed on 2-13-2021, California Law Review, "Toward an Asian American Legal Scholarship: Critical Race Theory, Post-structuralism, and Narrative Space", https://digitalcommons.law.seattleu.edu/faculty/411/) lex dy AND through solidarity that we will one day be free to express our diversity. TVA – ~Affirm a unconditional right to strike for asian people that attempts to declare radicality with the system, solves all of your offense~1AC chow and freeman are tvas—proves that you can defend material action with a realiton to the topic but still access ur lit base.—lines in the card said unions turned to LEGAL ACTION TVA is terminal defense – proves our models aren’t mutually exclusive - any response to the substance of the TVA is offense for us because it proves our model allows for clear contestation. Form over Content doesn’t take it out since we don’t restrict Form, just the substantive burden of the Aff.Prefer Competing Interpretations – reasonability is arbitrary and causes a race to the bottom. This means reject Aff Impact Turns predicated on their theory since we weren’t able to adequately prepare for it. | 12/11/21 |
ND- T- Framework v2Tournament: Glenbrooks Speech and Debate Tournament | Round: 2 | Opponent: Ardsley ZS | Judge: Javier Navarette Our Interpretation is the affirmative may only derive offense from the hypothetical implementation of the resolution as a policy action – hold the line, CX and the 1AC prove there’s no I-meet – anything new in the 1AR is either extra-T since it includes the non-topical parts of the Aff or effects-T since it’s a future result of the advocacy which both link to our offense.Recognition is defined as legal authority in the context of international law.Britannica N.D, world- renowned encyclopediaAanya https://www.britannica.com/topic/recognition-international-law "Ought to be" indicates a state of affairs and obligates an actor with the ability to bring about that state of affairs.Hage 01 Jaap ~Maastricht University, Law, Faculty Member, chair of Jurisprudence (Legal Theory) at the University of Maastricht (Netherlands)~ "Contrary to Duty Obligations: A Study in Legal Ontology" in Bart Verheij, Arno R. Lodder, Ronald P. Loui and Antoinette J. Muntjewerff (eds.), Legal Knowledge and Information Systems. Jurix 2001: The Fourteenth Annual Conference. Amsterdam: IOS Press, 2001, pp. 89-102. IB AND seeing to it that the obligatory state of affairs is achieved or maintained. Just implies a legal interpretation.Us Legal, Inc., "Just Law and Legal Definition,", https://definitions.uslegal.com/j/just/ Aanya AND . Anything just would be in perfect harmony with the rights of others. Vote Neg—Predictable Limits –a. Clash – changing the topic post facto manipulates balance of prep, which structurally favors the aff because they speak last and use perms – key to engage a prepared adversary and a target of mutual contestation.b. prep – specific topics are key to reasonable expectations for 2Ns. Open subjects create incentives for avoidance and monopolization of moral high ground—that denies a role for the neg and turns accessibility.2. Fairness – Debate is a game and their interpretation destroys competitive equity and clash – this argument is procedural which means you filter all 1AR answers through the lens of competition – they create a monopolizing strategy that makes discussion one-sided and subverts inclusion of the neg – that destroys procedural dialogue which is the only internal link to good debates.3. Unlimited topics make assessing the validity of the 1ac’s truth claims impossible AND cause concessionary ground which creates incentives for avoidance.Our method of refinement via contestation challenges hegemonic structures which I/L turns their method. Reading a Topical aff solves—radical obedience of the debate game is auto-deconstructive—debate doesn’t need YOU to show how absurd and excessive it is.Baudrillard 96 (Jean, Professor of Philosophy of Culture and Media Criticism at the European Graduate School, The Perfect Crime, p. 73-4/shree) AND it becomes a pure object, superconductive of illusion and non-meaning. They don’t get to weigh the aff – it’s just as likely that they’re winning it because we weren’t able to effectively prepare to defeat it.Cant use theory of power- counter define terms in rez for CI offenseive TVA—defend a policy action—no disadvantage to it since state is process not a project as per the affirmative not mutually exclusive and u gt all ur toipical ofneseCI—u cant be reaosnably topical and its artibraryNo rvi or impact turns-illogical u dont win for being fair, tjust a method indict- like diisad or k | 1/14/22 |
ND- T- Framework v3Tournament: Glenbrooks Speech and Debate Tournament | Round: 7 | Opponent: Los Altos BF | Judge: Arianna Nelson Interpretation: topical affirmatives may only garner offense by defending the hypothetical consequences of implementing a policy action of the resolution. To clarify, the aff must have a solvency advocate that explains the implementation of the policy, and cannot fiat a rejection or mindset shift.Violation: They don’tResolved means the affirmative must defend the implementation of a policy action.Parcher 1 (Jeff, Fmr. Debate Coach at Georgetown University, February, http://www.ndtceda.com/archives/200102/0790.html) AND 'yes' or 'no' - which, of course, are answers to a question Recognition is defined as legal authority in the context of international law.Britannica N.D, world- renowned encyclopediaAanya https://www.britannica.com/topic/recognition-international-law Vote neg for limits and ground—They get to fiat through solvency since they can win by showing something is bad about the squo, but they then get to claim utopian fiat through mindset shift destroying my ability to turn the aff. This allows them to win by winning a disadvantage to the squo but I can’t sufficiently prove a disadvantage to their world since I don’t know how the shift is implemented so the 1AR can delink from solvency deficits, DA links and CP competition since they’re contingent on a policy option. Ground also turns the aff; if they are vague they don’t actually believe in the discourse. Philosophical effects of a right to strike aren’t germane to the topic—governments research implications of legal recognition rather than ivory-tower ethics discussions. That frames neg prep burdens—their interp promotes stale debates with no specific evidence which prevents rigorous testing and clash. Topic lit is about recognition as a policy, not an ethical theory — the topic is incoherent without political context which also means our interp creates better revolutionary strategies.Voting aff doesn’t spill over to social change, but voting neg resolves our procedural impacts.Ritter ‘13 (JD from U Texas Law (Michael J., "Overcoming The Fiction of "Social Change Through Debate": What’s To Learn from 2pac’s Changes?," National Journal of Speech and Debate, Vol. 2, Issue ~1~ AND fictions and adopt them only if they promote the activity and its purposes. Precision first—anything else justifies the aff arbitrarily jettisoning words in the resolution which decks predictable limits. 1AR counterinterps predicated on the aff miss the boat—they must counter-define terms in the rez to geneerate CI offense.Vote neg for ground and limits—TVA – read the aff and defend a policy action like sabotage that affirms communism—solves all your offense.Fairness is a voter—all your arguments presuppose it, it’s a gatway issue- cant evlauate round if it was skewed CX doesn’t check – preround prep was skewed which is during NC construction.Topicality is a voting issue that should be evaluated through competing interpretations – it tells the negative what they do and do not have to prepare for.No RVIs—it’s your burden to be topical.DTD—the round’s already been skewed and dropping the argument is the aff.At worst, vote negative on presumption – the aff only fiats that the government recognizes ability to strike, but no evidence that recognition means more strikes or reverse causal ev –they don’t fiat anything. | 12/12/21 |
ND- T- Framework v5Tournament: TDI Camp Tournament | Round: 4 | Opponent: LaRPeRs Christian Han | Judge: Samantha McLoughlin Interpretation: topical affirmatives defend implementing a policy aciton.Violation—they don’tRecognition is defined as legal authority in the context of international law.Britannica N.D, world- renowned encyclopediaAanya https://www.britannica.com/topic/recognition-international-law AND newly formed country.’ ‘They refused to recognize the treaty.’ "Ought to be" indicates a state of affairs and obligates an actor with the ability to bring about that state of affairs.Hage 01 Jaap ~Maastricht University, Law, Faculty Member, chair of Jurisprudence (Legal Theory) at the University of Maastricht (Netherlands)~ "Contrary to Duty Obligations: A Study in Legal Ontology" in Bart Verheij, Arno R. Lodder, Ronald P. Loui and Antoinette J. Muntjewerff (eds.), Legal Knowledge and Information Systems. Jurix 2001: The Fourteenth Annual Conference. Amsterdam: IOS Press, 2001, pp. 89-102. IB AND seeing to it that the obligatory state of affairs is achieved or maintained. Just implies a legal interpretation.Us Legal, Inc., "Just Law and Legal Definition,", https://definitions.uslegal.com/j/just/ Aanya AND . Anything just would be in perfect harmony with the rights of others. Recognize means acknowledgement.Oxford Dictionary ND Resolved means the affirmative must defend the implementation of a policy action.Parcher 1 (Jeff, Fmr. Debate Coach at Georgetown University, February, http://www.ndtceda.com/archives/200102/0790.html) AND 'yes' or 'no' - which, of course, are answers to a question Precision first—anything else justifies the aff arbitrarily jettisoning words in the resolution which decks predictable limits. 1AR counterinterps predicated on their ethical theory miss the boat—they must counter-define terms.Vote neg for ground and limits—Philosophical effects of a right to strike aren’t germane to the topic—governments research implications of legal recognition rather than ivory-tower ethics discussions. Semantics frame topic lit and negative prep burdens—their interp promotes stale debates with no specific evidence which prevents rigorous testing and clash. Topic lit is about recognition as a policy, not an ethical theory — the topic is incoherent without political context. Their interp moots every core policy position: they’ll skirt DA links and CP competition since they’re contingent on implementing a policy option and they can say it’s not intentional.TVA – Defend that strikes DESTROY unions – they decrease support for them and cause harm to communities. At worst, there’s nothing instrumental to the rez that mandates they defend union legitimacy since it’s not a word in the topic.Boldea 19 Boldea Patrick ~University of California-Berkeley~ "Striking Out: Why Strikes Weaken Union Positions Politically" Berkeley Political Review, 2019. MB AND present either perspective, these terms do reflect a tendency in their scholarship. It’s not just that the aff doesn’t solve but that it is actively harmful by inviting political inaction. A turn towards the personal is a turn away from the structural dimensions of social problems – they encourage personal solutions to structural problemsTonn 05assoc. prof of comm. @ u of Maryland (Mari, "Taking Conversation, Dialogue, and Therapy Public ," Rhetoric and Public Affairs 8.3 (2005) 405-430) AND the status quo to admonish citizens to "heal" themselves. Problem-oriented approaches to gender violence are necessary. Rational, cost-benefit analysis centric politics are necessary and not determined by gender, even if they’re informed by themMcNay 14 — Professor of Political Theory at Oxford University and Fellow of Somerville College, (Lois, The Misguided Search for the Political, 2014, p. 214-215, Lex RM) AND subordination' (2005: 173; also Honneth 2012: 46-8). Kantian Topicality: constraints on deliberation are necessary to re-found the political—-an untamed agon eviscerates political action and judgment skillsDana Villa 96, prof of political science, Amherst, Beyond Good and Evil: Arendt, Nietzsche, and the Aestheticization of Political Action, Political Theory, Vol. 20, No. 2 (May, 1992), pp. 274-308Recut Aanya AND the possibility of meaning created by political action and redeemed by political judgment. Contradiction in conception: if nobody defended the topic there would be no topic to defend.Topicality must be a voting issue evaluated through competing interps– the role of the ballot is to vote for whoever does the better debating over the resolutional question. Any 1AR role for debate must explain why we switch sides and why there has to be a winner and a loser – switching sides within the competitive yet limited bounds of the topic performs the labor of the negative which avoids group polarization and untested advocacyRalf Poscher 16, director of the Institute for Staatswissenschaft and Philosophy of Law, Professor of Public Law and Legal Philosophy, "Why We Argue About the Law: An Agonistic Account of Legal Disagreement," in Metaphilosophy of Law, ed. Gizbert-Studnicki, Dyrda, Banas, 2/19/16, SSRNRecut Aanya AND concept of justice to art such as to engage in an intelligible controversy. Drop the debater – Changing your advocacy kills NC strat because the 1ac advocacy is the only stasis point for NC offense, anything else moots all clash and fairness. No cross apps from the aff since framework proves that that layer was skewed to begin with so we can’t actually test the truth of cross applications to the affirmative.New 2nr answers to AC preempts because they are hidden, and implications are unknown until the 1ar.No impact turns or rvis - A~ Perfcon – if T’s bad and you vote for them on that arg, you’re voting on T. B~ Substance – if T’s bad then we should try debating on substance – impact turns force me to go for T since I need to defend my position. | 12/12/21 |
ND- T- NebelTournament: Florida Blue Key Speech and Debate Tournament | Round: 4 | Opponent: Bellarmine AK | Judge: Spencer Orlowski Interpretation: The affirmative may not specify a subset of workers’ unconditional right to strike.Violation: they doThe upward entailment test and adverb test determine the genericity of a bare plural.Leslie 16 ~Sarah-Jane Leslie, Ph.D., Princeton, 2007. Dean of the Graduate School and Class of 1943 Professor of Philosophy. Served as the vice dean for faculty development in the Office of the Dean of the Faculty, director of the Program in Linguistics, and founding director of the Program in Cognitive Science at Princeton University.~ "Generic Generalizations." Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. April 24, 2016. https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/generics/ TG
AND perhaps better used than "usually" to mark off the generic reading. Standards:It applies-upward entailment—‘just govts ought to recognize dunkin donuts workers right to strike’ doesn’t entiail all workers right to stirke—adverb test- just govts ought to usually regonize workers uncondiitonal right to strike doenst mean naything substanially diff from the res ~1~ precision – the counter-interp justifies them arbitrarily doing away with random words in the resolution which decks negative ground and preparation because the aff is no longer bounded by the resolution. Independent voter for jurisdiction – the judge doesn’t have the jurisdiction to vote aff if there wasn’t a legitimate aff.Limits – you explode limtis since you could functionally defend any agent gets the right to strike i.e. teachers, students, government officials, athletes, celebrities, etc.Topic ed - you kill topic ed by forcing us to debate about fringe parts of the topic with minimal ground.~3~ tva – just read your aff as an advantage under a whole res aff, solves all ur offenseFairness – debate is a competitive activity that requires fairness for objective evaluation. Outweighs because it’s the only intrinsic part of debate – all other rules can be debated over but rely on some conception of fairness to be justified.Drop the debater – a~ deter future abuse and b~ set better norms for debate.Competing interps – ~a~ reasonability is arbitrary and encourages judge intervention since there’s no clear norm, ~b~ it creates a race to the top where we create the best possible norms for debate.No RVIs – a~ illogical, you don’t win for proving that you meet the burden of being fair, logic outweighs since it’s a prerequisite for evaluating any other argument, b~ RVIs incentivize baiting theory and prepping it out which leads to maximally abusive practices | 1/14/22 |
ND- T- WorkersTournament: Isidore Newman School Invitational | Round: Semis | Opponent: Harrison MB | Judge: Jacob Lugo, Becca Steiner, John Sims Interpretation: A worker is an employee that works under a contract for employment.Quest n.d. ~(Quest, based in Leicestershire, but covering the whole of the UK, is a specialist and training solutions, delivering bespoke professional services with resounding results. With over two decades of experience, Quest make it their responsibility to fully understand your specific needs before personalising a tailored solution to ensure that your HR, Health and Safety and training solution complements your business plan and achieves your goals.) "Employees and Workers: The Difference Between a Worker and an Employee" Quest. N.d.~ AW AND Services and such workers are often referred to as non-employee workers. Workers are employees or individuals with an independently established tradeKuykendall and Vierra 10/21 ~(Dale R., a Principal in the Sacramento, California, office of Jackson Lewis P.C. His practice focuses on advising and counseling employers in the hiring, supervision and termination of employees.) (Sierra, an Associate in the Sacramento, California, office of Jackson Lewis P.C. She represents management in civil litigation and administrative proceedings involving employment law matters, including discrimination, harassment, retaliation, wrongful termination, benefits, and a wide range of wage and hour issues. She litigates in federal and state courts, including class and representative actions, and represents employers in administrative proceedings. She also provides preventive advice and counsel on best practices.) "AB 5 Past and Present – What You Need to Know," The National Law Review, 10/21/21. https://www.natlawreview.com/article/ab-5-past-and-present-what-you-need-to-know~~ Recut Aanya AND or customer of any profession or business undertaking carried on by the individual. Violation: Prisoners don’t have employment contracts—they’re working as a form of punishment.Zatz 13 ~(Noah, Professor of Law at UCLA) "Employment Without Contract? Prison Laborers as Statutory Employees" Paper presented at the annual meeting of the The Law and Society Association 2013-12-16~ AT AND of constituting and bounding "the market" as a distinct social field. ====Courts agree==== Prisoners laborers can be forced to work without remediationMcGrew and Hanks 17 ~(Annie, a special assistant for Economic Policy at the Center for American Progress.) (Angela, the Associate Director for Workforce Development Policy on the Economic Policy team at the Center for American Progress.) "It’s Time to Stop Using Inmates for Free Labor," Talk Poverty, 10/20/17. https://talkpoverty.org/2017/10/20/want-prison-feel-less-like-slavery-pay-inmates-work/~~ Recut Aanya AND incarcerated, and the vast majority only make a few cents per hour. The tag of 1AC Davis proves the violation—they’ve characterized prison labor as equivalent to slaveryLex reads green. And current conditions for prison workers fuel the PIC.1AC Sainato Sainato Michael ~Writer on Civil Rights issues for the Miami Times~ "Companies claim there’s a labor shortage. Their solution? Prisoners." The Guardian, 2021. https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2021/jul/20/companies-claim-theres-a-labor-shortage-their-solution-prisoners MBRecut Aanya AND justice history sentences them to a lifetime of hard labor with negligible reward." Standards:1~ Limits— Allowing Affs about workers without contracts justifies affs like slavery, child labor, human trafficking, and indentured servants— a~ incentivizes running to the margins in order to cut fringe affs— that destroys iterative content mastery which is key to education. B~ explodes neg prep burdens to prep for hundreds of affs due to different circumstances that result in forced labor.Limits—there are hundreds of affs under their interp— they allow for any instance of forced labor in any of these countries.ILO No Date ~(International Labor Organization, The only tripartite U.N. agency, since 1919 the ILO brings together governments, employers and workers of 187 member States , to set labour standards, develop policies and devise programmes promoting decent work for all women and men.) "Statistics on forced labour, modern slavery and human trafficking," ILO, No Date, https://www.ilo.org/global/topics/forced-labour/policy-areas/statistics/lang—en/index.htm~ Recut Aanya AND and estimation methodologies which could be used to develop surveys in the future. 2~ Ground— letting the aff pick the topic post-facto allows strategic affs to maximize their success by racing to the margins and affirming uncontroversial truisms which skews division of ground—all the neg can say is exploitation good— their interp skirts links to the Workforce DA, Business Confidence DA, Cap K because the workers Affs under their interp are about do not participate in the formal economy. We even lose access to the Kant and Contracts NC which all assume an injury to legally recognized contracts.3~ TVA solves— read as an advantage to a US specific aff.Cross apply Paradigm issues from above. | 12/12/21 |
SO- CP- CVITATournament: Heart of Texas Invitational | Round: 2 | Opponent: Harvard-Westlake AT | Judge: Colton Gilbert Counterplan text: Member nations of the WTO ought to join a Covid-19 Vaccine Investment and Trade Agreement as outlined in 5 steps below. Solves the aff better.Brown 3/18 ~Brown, Chad P. "Here's How to Get Billions of COVID-19 Vaccine Doses to the World." PIIE, 26 Mar. 2021, www.piie.com/blogs/trade-and-investment-policy-watch/heres-how-get-billions-covid-19-vaccine-doses-world.~Lex AKu AND . Those challenges have to be resolved quickly, fairly, and transparently. | 10/16/21 |
SO- CP- Consult US vs JordanTournament: Heart of Texas Invitational | Round: 5 | Opponent: Southlake Carroll PK | Judge: Chris Castillo Counterplan Text: The Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan ought to enter prior and binding text-based negotiations and consultation with the United States Federal Government concerning amendments to the JUSFTA and TRIPS-Plus agreements as per the Barqawi evidence. Upon conclusion, the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan should implement said mutually-agreed reforms with the assistance of the United States Federal Government and utilize existing clauses to issue compulsory licenses for all relevant COVID-19 medicines, waive data exclusivity protections, and regulate parallel importation.Defying US IP mandates decks international credibility and financial assurance—postdates 1AC Younes. 1AC Barqawi 19 "The access to medicine puzzle: scaling back the negative effects of the Jordan–US Free Trade Agreement" Laila Barqawi ~Lecturer of University of Central Lancashire, Preston (UCLAN)~. Journal of Intellectual Property Law and Practice, Volume 14, Issue 9, September 2019, Pages 678–686, https://doi.org/10.1093/jiplp/jpz080 SMRecut Aanya AND threatens-political-stability-180214112245542.html accessed 1 May 2019 Lenient clauses create exceptions for compulsory licensing. Barqawi 19"The access to medicine puzzle: scaling back the negative effects of the Jordan–US Free Trade Agreement" Laila Barqawi ~Lecturer of University of Central Lancashire, Preston (UCLAN)~. Journal of Intellectual Property Law and Practice, Volume 14, Issue 9, September 2019, Pages 678–686, https://doi.org/10.1093/jiplp/jpz080 SMRecut Aanya AND compulsory licensing to further widen the scope of compulsory licensing for patented drugs. Solves COVID, the biggest i/l—distributes medicines during times of urgent need as stipulated in the clauses— but keeps data exclusivity in all other instances.Barqawi 2 "The access to medicine puzzle: scaling back the negative effects of the Jordan–US Free Trade Agreement" Laila Barqawi ~Lecturer of University of Central Lancashire, Preston (UCLAN)~. Journal of Intellectual Property Law and Practice, Volume 14, Issue 9, September 2019, Pages 678–686, https://doi.org/10.1093/jiplp/jpz080 SMRecut Aanya AND authority, ending the protection referred to in Article 89 shall be justified. FTA agreement proves weakening IPR and reversing clauses without joint resolution abdicates the sanctity of the agreementUSTR 00’ — (United States Trade Representative, Available Online at https://ustr.gov/sites/default/files/Jordan20FTA.pdf, accessed 10-1-2021, HKR-AR) AND is subject to the completion of necessary domestic legal procedures by each Party. Military aid to Jordan is a standalone impact, which dampens Jordanian instability and solves global crisesFishman and al-Omari 18 — (Ben Fishman and Ghaith al-Omari, Ben Fishman is a Senior Fellow in The Washington Institute's Geduld Program on Arab Politics. Ghaith al-Omari is a senior fellow in The Washington Institute's Irwin Levy Family Program on the U.S.-Israel Strategic Relationship.,"The Jordan Exception in U.S. Foreign Assistance", Washington Institute, 3-7-2018, Available Online at https://www.washingtoninstitute.org/policy-analysis/jordan-exception-us-foreign-assistance, accessed 10-1-2021, HKR-AR) AND regional stability is economic volatility and pressure from the surge of Syrian refugees. US-Jordan relationship key to prevent great power competition, resource wars, and a slew of existential threatsCarafano and Milstein 21 — (James Carafano and Adam Milstein, James Carafano is Vice President at the Kathryn and Shelby Cullom Davis Institute. Adam Milstein is Co-Founder of Israeli-American Council and Adam and Gila Milstein Family Foundation , "America Needs Jordan, Jordan Needs an Engaged America", Heritage Foundation, 7-19-2021, Available Online at https://www.heritage.org/middle-east/commentary/america-needs-jordan-jordan-needs-engaged-america, accessed 10-1-2021, HKR-AR) AND "business freedom," for example, is a dismal 58.9. 1AC Solomon is describing ongoing crises that they can’t possibly solve—refugees, COVID, factionalism—also, the end proves military aid is the only dampener on complete internal conflict—inserted in blueSolomon 4/6 "Instability in neighboring Jordan is ‘bad news’ for Israel" Ariel Ben Solomon ~Middle East Correspondent for the Jerusalem Post~, Apr 6, 2021 https://www.jns.org/instability-in-neighboring-jordan-is-bad-news-for-israel/ SMrecut HKR-AR AND , it increases access to medicine without impairing Jordan’s relationship with the USA. Yes Competition—~a~ Immediacy – Resolved is in the present tense, not futureAHD ‘3 "Should" means the aff has to be immediateSummers 94 - Justice, Supreme Court of Oklahoma, 11-8-1994, "Kelsey v. Dollarsaver s AND , 337, 27 L.Ed. 201 (1882). ~b~ Certainty – should is certainNieto 9 – Judge Henry Nieto, Colorado Court of Appeals, 8-20-2009 People v. Munoz, 240 P.3d 311 (Colo. Ct. App. 2009) AND should" be allocated for the purpose of parents' federal tax exemption to be | 10/31/21 |
SO- CP- Direct SupportTournament: Grapevine Classic | Round: 1 | Opponent: Coppell RM | Judge: Chris Castillo CP Text: The member nations of the WTO ought to reduce IPP for medicines during public health emergencies and employ direct health support through the methods in the Lindsey evidence. In all other cases IPP ought to remain the same.The CP incentivizes pharma medicine development during future pandemics - the aff fails.Lindsey 21 Brink Lindsey is Vice President and Director of the Open Society Project at the Niskanen Center. Previously he was the Cato Institute's vice president for research ~Brink Lindsey, 6-3-2021, "Why intellectual property and pandemics don't mix," Brookings, https://www.brookings.edu/blog/up-front/2021/06/03/why-intellectual-property-and-pandemics-dont-mix/~~ Lex AKo AND eager to come to the rescue again the next time there's a crisis. Future pandemics cause extinctionBar-Yam 16 Yaneer Bar-Yam 7-3-2016 "Transition to extinction: Pandemics in a connected world" http://necsi.edu/research/social/pandemics/transition (Professor and President, New England Complex System Institute; PhD in Physics, MIT)Elmer AND event happens in mass transportation, an outbreak could very well prove unstoppable. | 12/12/21 |
SO- DA- BiotechTournament: Grapevine Classic | Round: 1 | Opponent: Coppell RM | Judge: Chris Castillo AND the U.S. risks these technologies being mastered by Chinese companies. The plan chills American biomed innovation, ceding control to China – also can’t solve future diseasesPaulsen 7/9 ~ERIK PAULSEN: We can save the world with our vaccines — without surrendering our IP to China," Bakersfield Californian, https://www.bakersfield.com/opinion/erik-paulsen-we-can-save-the-world-with-our-vaccines-without-surrendering-our-ip-to/article'b0b87692-df61-11eb-9a13-d7fa02eefaee.html~~//Lex AKu AND the only way to keep China at bay and American innovators at work. Biotech leadership key to future military primacy.Moore 21 ~(Scott Moore is a political scientist and administrator at the University of Pennsylvania and the author of a forthcoming book, "How China Shapes the Future," on China’s role in public goods and emerging technologies.) 8-8-2021, "In Biotech, the Industry of the Future, the U.S. Is Way Ahead of China," Lawfare, https://www.lawfareblog.com/biotech-industry-future-us-way-ahead-china~~//Lex AKu AND dramatically reduce the risk of sophisticated bioweapons development in the decades to come. Heg solves arms races, land grabs, rogue states, and great power war.Brands 18 ~Hal, Henry Kissinger Distinguished Professor at Johns Hopkins University's School of Advanced International Studies and a senior fellow at the Center for Strategic and Budgetary Assessments." American Grand Strategy in the Age of Trump." Page 129-133~ AND to its military dominance than it has for at least a quarter century. | 12/12/21 |
SO- DA- Biotech v2Tournament: Duke Invitational | Round: 4 | Opponent: Durham AA | Judge: Callie Ham AND the U.S. risks these technologies being mastered by Chinese companies. The plan chills American biomed innovation on vaccines, ceding control to China – also can’t solve future diseasesPaulsen 7/9 ~ERIK PAULSEN: We can save the world with our vaccines — without surrendering our IP to China," Bakersfield Californian, https://www.bakersfield.com/opinion/erik-paulsen-we-can-save-the-world-with-our-vaccines-without-surrendering-our-ip-to/article'b0b87692-df61-11eb-9a13-d7fa02eefaee.html~~//Lex AKu AND the only way to keep China at bay and American innovators at work. The plan hands over decades of American innovation to ChinaWSJ Editorial Board 5-6 ~"Biden’s Vaccine IP Debacle" https://www.wsj.com/amp/articles/bidens-vaccine-ip-debacle-11620341686.~~ TDI AND the production deal Mr. Biden negotiated between JandJ and Merck. Biotech leadership key to future military primacy.Moore 21 ~(Scott Moore is a political scientist and administrator at the University of Pennsylvania and the author of a forthcoming book, "How China Shapes the Future," on China’s role in public goods and emerging technologies.) 8-8-2021, "In Biotech, the Industry of the Future, the U.S. Is Way Ahead of China," Lawfare, https://www.lawfareblog.com/biotech-industry-future-us-way-ahead-china~~//Lex AKu AND dramatically reduce the risk of sophisticated bioweapons development in the decades to come. Heg solves arms races, land grabs, rogue states, and great power war.Brands 18 ~Hal, Henry Kissinger Distinguished Professor at Johns Hopkins University's School of Advanced International Studies and a senior fellow at the Center for Strategic and Budgetary Assessments." American Grand Strategy in the Age of Trump." Page 129-133~ AND to its military dominance than it has for at least a quarter century. | 10/3/21 |
SO- DA- CCP LegitimacyTournament: Heart of Texas Invitational | Round: 2 | Opponent: Harvard-Westlake AT | Judge: Colton Gilbert Despite resistance, the CCP regime is stable now – but challenges to legitimacy cause lashoutBall, MA in IR, 20 AND to the power monopoly held by the CCP is a pronounced economic downturn. The plan erodes CCP legitimacy. Xi, CCP leadership and the people have prioritized protecting IP Rights – the plan is a major reversal.Changyu 21 ~Changyu, Shen, March April 2021"Developing a Uniquely Chinese System of Intellectual Property." Developing a Uniquely Chinese System of Intellectual Property, en.qstheory.cn/2021-04/30/c'617534.htm.~Lex AKu AND the law and ensure foreign governments strengthen their protection of Chinese IP rights. Threats to legitimacy cause the CCP to escalate tensions and lash out – uniquely threatens Taiwan.Blumenthal and Urda 9/28 ~09-28-20, Dan Blumenthal, Jakob Urda, The National Interest, "China’s aggressive tactics aim to bolster the Communist Party’s legitimacy", https://www.aei.org/articles/chinas-aggressive-tactics-aim-to-bolster-the-communist-partys-legitimacy/, Jakob Urda is a Masters Student at Georgetown University and research specialist at a technology consultancy. He has previously worked at the Chicago Project on Security and Threats and studied in the Institute for the Study of War’s War Studies Program. Dan Blumenthal is the director of Asian Studies at the American Enterprise Institute and the author of the forthcoming book The China Nightmare: the Grand Ambitions of a Decaying State (AEI Press, November 17, 2020~ Lex AKu AND sea-crossing drills near Taiwan. | 10/16/21 |
SO- K- PsychoTournament: Grapevine Classic | Round: 4 | Opponent: Harrison JC | Judge: Annie Wang Legal processes to curtail IPR become embroiled in the death drive as they replicate the father-son relationship. Sween 09Gretchen S. Sween, Who's Your Daddy? A Psychoanalytic Exegesis of the Supreme Court's Recent Patent Jurisprudence, 7 Nw. J. Tech. and Intell. Prop. 204 (2009). https://scholarlycommons.law.northwestern.edu/njtip/vol7/iss2/4//Aanya AND legal issue, the infringement claim against them was dismissed.103 ¶43 Anticapitalist struggles attempt to remove the limits of capitalism to reach a utopian society in which the forces of production experience no constraints - the impact is lashouts and it just reproduces capitalism.McGowan 16 - Todd McGowan is an Associate Professor of English at the University of Vermont, 2016 ~"Capitalism and Desire: The Psychic Cost of Free Markets", Columbia Press New York, pages 19-34~ rpg AND identity is yet another limit that capitalism itself aims to overcome and does. The 1AC’s demand to be recognized as a form of political dissent is an investment in the hegemonic order – the power of demand stems from the authority of the system. Their failure to theorize desire turns the 1AC into a moment of jouissance that betrays their radical intentions in order to maintain the possibility of protest. The 1nc is a no to the affirmative and disrupts the agential fantasy in favor of reinvesting desire in light of the death drive.Lundberg ’12 (Christian, Associate Prof. of Rhetoric @ UNC Chapel Hill, "On Being Bound to Equivalental Chains," Cultural Studies, Volume 26, Issue 2-3, 2012) AND should produce a re-evaluation of the economy of demand and desire. The external impact is a resentful and reactive form of subjectivity that authorizes mass violence, individuals are distanced from the genuine self-affirmation of enacting change by the logic of demandAlcorn 2 (Marshall W. Jr., George Washington University, Changing the Subject in English Class: Discourse and the Constructions of Desire, p. 51-3)LA *We don’t endorse ableist language. AND which the free transmission of expressed desire is not only possible but privileged. The aff’s presentation of suffering creates a marketplace of trauma, transforming wounds into a commodity for western consumption. Their fantasy of change through investment in the law shields criticism and guises violence.Berlant ‘99 (Lauren, George M. Pullman Professor, Department of English, University of Chicago, "The Subject of True Feeling: Pain, Privacy and Politics" in Cultural Pluralism, Identity Politics and the Law ed. Sarat and Kearns, Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, Pg. 49-54/ Ravaged wages and ravaged bodies … for sustaining the hegemonic field.9) AND prophylactic shields, as ethically uncontestable legitimating devices for sustaining the hegemonic field. The alternative is to embrace the death drive – only a society re-founded around enjoyment can create the conditions for political transformationMcGowan ’13 (Todd, Associate Prof. of Arts and Sciences @ U. of Vermont, "Enjoying What We Don’t Have: The Political Project of Psychoanalysis," University of Nebraska Press, July, 2013, pp. 283-286) AND recognize that we enjoy the lost object only insofar as it remains lost. | 9/11/21 |
SO- NC- KantTournament: Grapevine Classic | Round: 4 | Opponent: Harrison JC | Judge: Annie Wang FrameworkThe meta-ethic is procedural moral realism - substantive realism holds that moral truths exist independently of that in the empirical world. Prefer procedural realism –~1~ Uncertainty – our experiences are inaccessible to others which allows people to say they don’t experience the same, however a priori principles are universally applied to all agents.~2~ Naturalistic fallacy – experience only tells us what is since we can only perceive what is, not what ought to be, this means experience may be generally useful but should not be the basis for ethical action.Practical Reason is that procedure. To ask for why we should be reasoners concedes its authority since it uses reason – anything else is nonbinding.Moral law must be universal—any non-universalizable norm justifies someone’s ability to impede on your ends.Thus, the standard is consistency with liberty. To clarify, consequences don’t link to the framework.Freedom justifies property rights – which is conceptual and centered aroundPrefer –1~ freedom is the key to the process of justification of arguments. Willing that we should abide by their ethical theory presupposes that we own ourselves in the first place.1~ Patents protect private companies.Na 19 ~Blake Na, "Protecting Intellectual Property Rights in the Pharmaceutical Industry", Chicago-Kent | Journal of Intellectual Property, 4-19-2019, https://studentorgs.kentlaw.iit.edu/ckjip/protecting-intellectual-property-rights-in-the-pharmaceutical-industry/, accessed: 8-24-2021.~ Lex VM AND , pharmaceutical companies often face difficulty with the high costs and uncertainty of litigation That negates – A~ Promise breaking – states promised legally binding IP protections to companies who might not have otherwise developed medicines – the aff is a unilateral violation of that contract. B~ That’s a form of restricting the free economic choices of individuals.2~ IP is a reflection of our will and a form of property.Merges 11 ~Merges, Robert P. "Will and Object in the World of IP." Justifying Intellectual Property, Cambridge, Harvard UP, 2011, pp. 76-78. ISBN: 0674049489,9780674049482. Found on Libgen.~ Lex VM AND very abstract for Kant, and can of course therefore include IPRs.35 3~ Neg contention choice – otherwise they can concede all of our work on framework and just read 4 minutes of turns which moots the four minutes of framework debate that the 1NC did giving them a massive advantage and limits phil debate. | 9/11/21 |
SO- NC- LogicTournament: Grapevine Classic | Round: 5 | Opponent: McNeil AG | Judge: Favian Sun Negate –1~ member is "a part or organ of the body, especially a limb" but an organ can’t have obligations2~ of is to "expressing an age" but the rez doesn’t delineate a length of time3~ the is "denoting a disease or affliction" but the WTO isn’t a disease4~ to is to "expressing motion in the direction of (a particular location)" but the rez doesn’t have a location5~ reduce is to "(of a person) lose weight, typically by dieting" but IP doesn’t have a body to lose weight.6~ for is "in place of" but medicines aren’t replacing IP.7~ medicine is "(especially among some North American Indian peoples) a spell, charm, or fetish believed to have healing, protective, or other power" but you can’t have IP for a spell. | 12/20/21 |
SO- NC- SkepTournament: Yale University Invitational | Round: 4 | Opponent: Millburn AK | Judge: Conal Thomas-McGinnis Presumption and permissibility negate – a) statements are more often false than true since I can prove something false in infinite ways b) real world policies require positive justification before being adopted c) the aff has to prove an obligation which means lack of that obligation negates d) resolved in the resolution indicates they proactively did something, to negate that means that they aren’t resolved.Negate –1~ member is "a part or organ of the body, especially a limb" but an organ can’t have obligations2~ of is to "expressing an age" but the rez doesn’t delineate a length of time3~ the is "denoting a disease or affliction" but the WTO isn’t a disease4~ to is to "expressing motion in the direction of (a particular location)" but the rez doesn’t have a location5~ reduce is to "(of a person) lose weight, typically by dieting" but IP doesn’t have a body to lose weight.6~ for is "in place of" but medicines aren’t replacing IP.7~ medicine is "(especially among some North American Indian peoples) a spell, charm, or fetish believed to have healing, protective, or other power" but you can’t have IP for a spell.And, either it’s the case we can predict the outcome of a situation, or we cannot. We cannot, insofar as no situation is ever replicated exactly, and even if it can, there’s no guarantee the outcome will be the same. If we can predict situations, that means everyone can, which means we will always predict each other, making a paradox of action insofar as we always attempt to predict the outcomes of each other’s actions, and will cancel out the obligations.And, in order to discover something, it must not be known, but in order to know to discover something, it must already be known – this makes the quest for knowledge incomprehensible and thus impossibleSkep is true and negates –Every reason is equally as violent in its creation.Derrida, Jacques Derrida, "Force of Law: The Mystical Foundation of Authority" Massa But justice, however unpresentable it may be, doesn't wait.· It is that which must not wait. To be direct, simple and brief, let us say this: a just decision is always required immediately, "right away." It cannot furnish itself with infinite information and the unlimited knowledge of conditions, rules or hypothetical imperatives that could justify it. And even if it did have all that at its disposal, even if it did give itself the time, all the time and all the necessary facts about the matter, the moment of decision, as such, always remains a finite moment of urgency and precipitation, since it must not be the consequence or the effect of this theoretical or historical knowledge, of this reflection or this deliberation, since it always marks the interruption of the juridico- or ethico- or politico-cognitive deliberation that precedes it, that must precede it. The instant of decision is a madness, says Kierkegaard. This is particularly true of the instant of the just decision that must rend time and defy dialectics. It is a madness. Even if time and prudence, the patience of knowledge and the mastery of conditions were hypothetically unlimited, the decision would be structurally finite, however late it came, decision of urgency and precipitation, acting in the night of non-knowledge and non-rule Affirming negates.Paraphrasing Mcnamara ‘06, Paul, 2-7-2006, "Deontic Logic (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy)," No Publication, https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/logic-deontic/index.html~~#4.3 Massa Premise 1—If the aff is true, it ought to be the case that members of the WTO should reduce IP protections.Premise 2—It ought to be the case that the WTO reduce IP protections if and only if the members have IP protections. This is because standard logic would necessitate transferring the obligation predicate onto its necessary condition.Thus, premise 3—if the aff is true, it ought to be the case that the members of the WTO has IP protections. This logically follows from "if P is Q and P is Q only if N, then N."External world skep is true.Neta, Ram. "External World Skepticism." The Problem of The External World, 2014, philosophy.unc.edu/files/2014/06/The-Problem-of-the-External-World.pdf. Massa AND not such a brain, then you cannot know that you have hands. And, any account of morality is regressive since it predicates one universal rule on the existence of another moral rule. Since every human chain of reasoning must be finite according to our finite nature, such a reasoning process must terminate in a rule for which no reason can be given. | 12/12/21 |
SO- PIC- NativesTournament: Grapevine Classic | Round: 5 | Opponent: McNeil AG | Judge: Favian Sun CP text: The member nations of the world trade organization should—-eliminate patent protections except for indigenous patents.—-establish an international legal instrument to protect indigenous intellectual propertyThat is in line with indigenous demands.WIPO no date WIPO, xx-xx-xxxx, "Traditional Knowledge and Intellectual Property – Background Brief," No Publication, https://www.wipo.int/pressroom/en/briefs/tk'ip.html?fbclid=IwAR2iLd8fJ4lNl'fhhwQBHvCdoFEfB44H5GHIWBBb0xGPVBt1fRJT-uzUXDU SJDA AND convene a diplomatic conference for final adoption of one or more international instruments. Preserving native sovereignty is key to cultural diversity and preserves global survivalBarsh 93 Russel Lawrence Barsh 1993 "Native American Sovereignty" University of Michigan Journal of Law Reform, Winter, 1993, 25 U. MICH. J. L. REF. 671 (Professor of Native American Studies at the University of Lethbridge)Elmer AND so. There is no alternative for Indian survival or for global survival. | 12/20/21 |
SO- SR- KantTournament: Grapevine Classic | Round: Triples | Opponent: Strake Jesuit JS | Judge: Favian Sun 1~ Reducing protections of IP leads to theft and the free riding of ideas.Van Dyke 18 ~Raymond Van Dyke, Technology and Intellectual Property Attorney and Patent Practitioner, 7-17-2018, accessed on 8-8-2021, IPWatchdog, "The Categorical Imperative for Innovation and Patenting", https://www.ipwatchdog.com/2018/07/17/categorical-imperative-innovation-patenting/id=99178/~~ D.Ying recut Lex VM AND United States, and even a Categorical Imperative that we must do it! 2~ No aff solvency for turns - the aff reduces protections rather than eliminating them which still allows for freedom violations. Presume neg.3~ there is a distinction between action and omission: No act/omission distinction is infinitely regressive because it means that you are culpable for everything since you are technically aware of anything. That negates - omitting is a morally permissible action to avoid culpability, you can choose to omit from any ethical action which means the squo is ok and theres no moral obligation to do the aff4~ IP is a form of propertyZeidman et al. 16 ~Bob Zeidman andamp; Eashan Gupta, "Why Libertarians Should Support a Strong Patent System", IPWatchdog, 1-5-2016, https://www.ipwatchdog.com/2016/01/05/why-libertarians-should-support-a-strong-patent-system/id=64438/, accessed: 8-9-2021.~ Lex VM AND lose their contrary argument that private conversations are personal property to be protected. Means the state cant remove protections.Zeidman et al. 2 ~Bob Zeidman andamp; Eashan Gupta, "Why Libertarians Should Support a Strong Patent System", IPWatchdog, 1-5-2016, https://www.ipwatchdog.com/2016/01/05/why-libertarians-should-support-a-strong-patent-system/id=64438/, accessed: 8-9-2021.~ Lex VM AND that limit intellectual property ownership or introduce more government regulation than is required. 5~ Patents protect private companies.Na 19 ~Blake Na, "Protecting Intellectual Property Rights in the Pharmaceutical Industry", Chicago-Kent | Journal of Intellectual Property, 4-19-2019, https://studentorgs.kentlaw.iit.edu/ckjip/protecting-intellectual-property-rights-in-the-pharmaceutical-industry/, accessed: 8-24-2021.~ Lex VM AND , pharmaceutical companies often face difficulty with the high costs and uncertainty of litigation 6~ The CI only mandates that buyers aren't treated exclusively as means to an end - manufacturers don't do that - their interpretation of Kant would say that all transactions are exploitativeWhite 07 ~(Mark D., Chair of the Department of Philosophy at the College of Staten Island, teaches courses in the intersections of economics, philosophy, and law, PhD in philosophy from the University of Cincinnati) "A Kantian Critique of Antitrust: On Morality and Microsoft," Journal of Private Enterprise, 1/2007~ JL re-highlighted Lex VM AND we throw away the baby with the bathwater and condemn all commercial activity. 7~ IP is property in the same way our health and labor are too.DAmato 14 ~David S. DAmato, David S. DAmato is an attorney, a regular opinion contributor at The Hill, and an expert policy advisor to the Future of Freedom Foundation and the Heartland Institute. His writing has appeared in Forbes, Newsweek, The American Spectator, the Washington Examiner, Investors Business Daily, The Daily Caller, RealClearPolicy, Townhall, CounterPunch, and many others, as well as at nonpartisan, nonpartisan policy organizations such as the American Institute for Economic Research, the Centre for Policy Studies, the Institute for Economic Affairs, the Foundation for Economic Education, and the Institute for Ethics and Emerging Technologies, among others. He earned a JD from New England School of Law and an LLM in Global Law and Technology from Suffolk University Law School. He lives and writes in Chicago. "Libertarian Views of Intellectual Property: Rothbard, Tucker, Spooner, and Rand", Libertarianism.org, 5-28-2014, https://www.libertarianism.org/columns/libertarian-views-intellectual-property-rothbard-tucker-spooner-rand, accessed: 8-25-2021.~ Lex VM AND depends fundamentally upon something that cannot be seen or touched, human effort. 8~ Property rights aren't founded on the idea that tangible objects are scarce, rather that it's produced by an agents labor.DAmato 14 ~David S. DAmato, David S. DAmato is an attorney, a regular opinion contributor at The Hill, and an expert policy advisor to the Future of Freedom Foundation and the Heartland Institute. His writing has appeared in Forbes, Newsweek, The American Spectator, the Washington Examiner, Investors Business Daily, The Daily Caller, RealClearPolicy, Townhall, CounterPunch, and many others, as well as at nonpartisan, nonpartisan policy organizations such as the American Institute for Economic Research, the Centre for Policy Studies, the Institute for Economic Affairs, the Foundation for Economic Education, and the Institute for Ethics and Emerging Technologies, among others. He earned a JD from New England School of Law and an LLM in Global Law and Technology from Suffolk University Law School. He lives and writes in Chicago. "Libertarian Views of Intellectual Property: Rothbard, Tucker, Spooner, and Rand", Libertarianism.org, 5-28-2014, https://www.libertarianism.org/columns/libertarian-views-intellectual-property-rothbard-tucker-spooner-rand, accessed: 8-25-2021.~ Lex VM AND remains a pivotal moment in the case for prointellectual property libertarianism. 9~ An invention is the application of a discovery - theyre distinct.DAmato 14 ~David S. DAmato, David S. DAmato is an attorney, a regular opinion contributor at The Hill, and an expert policy advisor to the Future of Freedom Foundation and the Heartland Institute. His writing has appeared in Forbes, Newsweek, The American Spectator, the Washington Examiner, Investors Business Daily, The Daily Caller, RealClearPolicy, Townhall, CounterPunch, and many others, as well as at nonpartisan, nonpartisan policy organizations such as the American Institute for Economic Research, the Centre for Policy Studies, the Institute for Economic Affairs, the Foundation for Economic Education, and the Institute for Ethics and Emerging Technologies, among others. He earned a JD from New England School of Law and an LLM in Global Law and Technology from Suffolk University Law School. He lives and writes in Chicago. "Libertarian Views of Intellectual Property: Rothbard, Tucker, Spooner, and Rand", Libertarianism.org, 5-28-2014, https://www.libertarianism.org/columns/libertarian-views-intellectual-property-rothbard-tucker-spooner-rand, accessed: 8-25-2021.~ Lex VM AND in general was hollow without accounting for and protecting labors of the mind. 10~ The goal of IP and physical property are the same. Arguing a distinction is misguided.Schultz 14 ~Mark Schultz, "A free market perspective on intellectual property rights", American Enterprise Institute - AEI, 2-24-2014, https://www.aei.org/technology-and-innovation/intellectual-property/free-market-perspective-intellectual-property-rights/, accessed: 8-25-2021.~ Lex VM AND to own the fruits of his labor to secure his life and liberty. 11~ IP is a reflection of our will and a form of property.Merges 11 ~Merges, Robert P. "Will and Object in the World of IP." Justifying Intellectual Property, Cambridge, Harvard UP, 2011, pp. 76-78. ISBN: 0674049489,9780674049482. Found on Libgen.~ Lex VM AND very abstract for Kant, and can of course therefore include IPRs.35 12~ Reducing IP allows the government to produce drugs and take more taxes for public company's drug RandD.Calsyn et al. 20 ~Maura Calsyn and Thomas Waldrop, "How the Next Administration Can Lower Drug Prices", Center for American Progress, 9-17-2020, https://www.americanprogress.org/issues/healthcare/reports/2020/09/17/490140/next-administration-can-lower-drug-prices/, accessed: 8-27-2021.~ Lex VM AND time Medicare or other government health care programs pay for a prescription drug. 13~ Promise breaking- states promised legally binding IP protections to companies who might not have otherwise developed medicines - the aff is a unilateral violation of that contract. | 12/12/21 |
SO- SR- Kant v2Tournament: Yale University Invitational | Round: 4 | Opponent: Millburn AK | Judge: Conal Thomas-McGinnis 1~ Reducing protections of IP leads to theft and the free riding of ideas.Van Dyke 18 ~Raymond Van Dyke, Technology and Intellectual Property Attorney and Patent Practitioner, 7-17-2018, accessed on 8-8-2021, IPWatchdog, "The Categorical Imperative for Innovation and Patenting", https://www.ipwatchdog.com/2018/07/17/categorical-imperative-innovation-patenting/id=99178/~~ D.Ying recut Lex VM AND United States, and even a Categorical Imperative that we must do it! 2~ No aff solvency for turns - the aff reduces protections rather than eliminating them which still allows for freedom violations Presume neg.3~ there is a distinction between action and omission No act/omission distinction is infinitely regressive because it means that you are culpable for everything since you are technically aware of anything. That negates omitting is a morally permissible action to avoid culpability, you can choose to omit from any ethical action which means the squo is ok and there's no moral obligation to do the aff4~ IP is a form of propertyZeidman et al. 16 ~Bob Zeidman andamp; Eashan Gupta, "Why Libertarians Should Support a Strong Patent System", IPWatchdog, 1-5-2016, https://www.ipwatchdog.com/2016/01/05/why-libertarians-should-support-a-strong-patent-system/id=64438/, accessed: 8-9-2021.~ Lex VM AND lose their contrary argument that private conversations are personal property to be protected. Means the state cant remove protections.Zeidman et al. 2 ~Bob Zeidman andamp; Eashan Gupta, "Why Libertarians Should Support a Strong Patent System", IPWatchdog, 1-5-2016, https://www.ipwatchdog.com/2016/01/05/why-libertarians-should-support-a-strong-patent-system/id=64438/, accessed: 8-9-2021.~ Lex VM AND that limit intellectual property ownership or introduce more government regulation than is required. 5~ Patents protect private companies.Na 19 ~Blake Na, "Protecting Intellectual Property Rights in the Pharmaceutical Industry", Chicago-Kent | Journal of Intellectual Property, 4-19-2019, https://studentorgs.kentlaw.iit.edu/ckjip/protecting-intellectual-property-rights-in-the-pharmaceutical-industry/, accessed: 8-24-2021.~ Lex VM AND , pharmaceutical companies often face difficulty with the high costs and uncertainty of litigation 6~ The CI only mandates that buyers aren't treated exclusively as means to an end - manufacturers don't do that - their interpretation of Kant would say that all transactions are exploitativeWhite 07 ~(Mark D., Chair of the Department of Philosophy at the College of Staten Island, teaches courses in the intersections of economics, philosophy, and law, PhD in philosophy from the University of Cincinnati) "A Kantian Critique of Antitrust: On Morality and Microsoft," Journal of Private Enterprise, 1/2007~ JL re-highlighted Lex VM AND we throw away the baby with the bathwater and condemn all commercial activity. 7~ IP is property in the same way our health and labor are too.DAmato 14 ~David S. DAmato, David S. DAmato is an attorney, a regular opinion contributor at The Hill, and an expert policy advisor to the Future of Freedom Foundation and the Heartland Institute. His writing has appeared in Forbes, Newsweek, The American Spectator, the Washington Examiner, Investors Business Daily, The Daily Caller, RealClearPolicy, Townhall, CounterPunch, and many others, as well as at nonpartisan, nonpartisan policy organizations such as the American Institute for Economic Research, the Centre for Policy Studies, the Institute for Economic Affairs, the Foundation for Economic Education, and the Institute for Ethics and Emerging Technologies, among others. He earned a JD from New England School of Law and an LLM in Global Law and Technology from Suffolk University Law School. He lives and writes in Chicago. "Libertarian Views of Intellectual Property: Rothbard, Tucker, Spooner, and Rand", Libertarianism.org, 5-28-2014, https://www.libertarianism.org/columns/libertarian-views-intellectual-property-rothbard-tucker-spooner-rand, accessed: 8-25-2021.~ Lex VM AND depends fundamentally upon something that cannot be seen or touched, human effort. 8~ Property rights aren't founded on the idea that tangible objects are scarce, rather that it's produced by an agents labor.DAmato 14 ~David S. DAmato, David S. DAmato is an attorney, a regular opinion contributor at The Hill, and an expert policy advisor to the Future of Freedom Foundation and the Heartland Institute. His writing has appeared in Forbes, Newsweek, The American Spectator, the Washington Examiner, Investors Business Daily, The Daily Caller, RealClearPolicy, Townhall, CounterPunch, and many others, as well as at nonpartisan, nonpartisan policy organizations such as the American Institute for Economic Research, the Centre for Policy Studies, the Institute for Economic Affairs, the Foundation for Economic Education, and the Institute for Ethics and Emerging Technologies, among others. He earned a JD from New England School of Law and an LLM in Global Law and Technology from Suffolk University Law School. He lives and writes in Chicago. "Libertarian Views of Intellectual Property: Rothbard, Tucker, Spooner, and Rand", Libertarianism.org, 5-28-2014, https://www.libertarianism.org/columns/libertarian-views-intellectual-property-rothbard-tucker-spooner-rand, accessed: 8-25-2021.~ Lex VM AND remains a pivotal moment in the case for pro-intellectual property libertarianism. 9~ An invention is the application of a discovery - they're distinct.DAmato 14 ~David S. DAmato, David S. DAmato is an attorney, a regular opinion contributor at The Hill, and an expert policy advisor to the Future of Freedom Foundation and the Heartland Institute. His writing has appeared in Forbes, Newsweek, The American Spectator, the Washington Examiner, Investors Business Daily, The Daily Caller, RealClearPolicy, Townhall, CounterPunch, and many others, as well as at nonpartisan, nonpartisan policy organizations such as the American Institute for Economic Research, the Centre for Policy Studies, the Institute for Economic Affairs, the Foundation for Economic Education, and the Institute for Ethics and Emerging Technologies, among others. He earned a JD from New England School of Law and an LLM in Global Law and Technology from Suffolk University Law School. He lives and writes in Chicago. "Libertarian Views of Intellectual Property: Rothbard, Tucker, Spooner, and Rand", Libertarianism.org, 5-28-2014, https://www.libertarianism.org/columns/libertarian-views-intellectual-property-rothbard-tucker-spooner-rand, accessed: 8-25-2021.~ Lex VM AND in general was hollow without accounting for and protecting labors of the mind. 10~ The goal of IP and physical property are the same. Arguing a distinction is misguided.Schultz 14 ~Mark Schultz, "A free market perspective on intellectual property rights", American Enterprise Institute - AEI, 2-24-2014, https://www.aei.org/technology-and-innovation/intellectual-property/free-market-perspective-intellectual-property-rights/, accessed: 8-25-2021.~ Lex VM AND to own the fruits of his labor to secure his life and liberty. 11~ IP is a reflection of our will and a form of property.Merges 11 ~Merges, Robert P. "Will and Object in the World of IP." Justifying Intellectual Property, Cambridge, Harvard UP, 2011, pp. 76-78. ISBN: 0674049489,9780674049482. Found on Libgen.~ Lex VM AND very abstract for Kant, and can of course therefore include IPRs.35 12~ Reducing IP allows the government to produce drugs and take more taxes for public company's drug RandD.Calsyn et al. 20 ~Maura Calsyn and Thomas Waldrop, "How the Next Administration Can Lower Drug Prices", Center for American Progress, 9-17-2020, https://www.americanprogress.org/issues/healthcare/reports/2020/09/17/490140/next-administration-can-lower-drug-prices/, accessed: 8-27-2021.~ Lex VM AND , taxpayers support drug companies again not only when they pay the excessive prices | 12/12/21 |
SO- T- ExtraTournament: Grapevine Classic | Round: 1 | Opponent: Coppell RM | Judge: Chris Castillo Topical affirmatives can only claim advantages based on the immediate hypothetical enactment of the resolutionlimits extemp | 12/12/21 |
SO- T- Extra v2Tournament: Grapevine Classic | Round: 5 | Opponent: McNeil AG | Judge: Favian Sun Interp – the aff must only defend that the member nations of the World Trade Organization ought to reduce intellectual property protections for medicines.Violation – they're extra topical – they fiat restrictions on to reduce IPP to the point that discoverable biological elements are not patentable, even for medicines- read the ev and hold the line- either they doVote neg for limits: extra-topicality allows them to tack on infinite planks to artificially improve aff solvency and spike out of DAs. Even if this specific instance of extra-t wasn't very abusive the counter-interp sets a precedent that the scope of aff fiat doesn't have to be bounded by the resolution, which outweighs on magnitude. There are tons of authors who call for doing various things with IPR which isn't bounded by the resolution.D~ Voter:Fairness and education are voters – debate’s a game that needs rules to evaluate it and education gives us portable skills for life like research and thinking.Drop the debater – a) they have a 7-6 rebuttal advantage and the 2ar to make args I can’t respond to, b) it deters future abuse and sets a positive norm.Use competing interps – a) reasonability invites arbitrary judge intervention since we don’t know your bs meter, b) collapses to competing interps – we justify 2 brightlines under an offense defense paradigm just like 2 interps.No RVIs – a) illogical – you shouldn’t win for being fair – it’s a litmus test for engaging in substance, b) norming – I can’t concede the counterinterp if I realize I’m wrong which forces me to argue for bad norms, c) chilling effect – forces you to split your 2AR so you can’t collapse and misconstrue the 2NR | 12/20/21 |
SO- T- NebelTournament: Duke Invitational | Round: 4 | Opponent: Durham AA | Judge: Callie Ham Interpretation: "medicines" is a generic bare plural. The aff may not defend WTO member nations reducing intellectual property protections for a subset of medicines.The upward entailment test and adverb test determine the genericity of a bare pluralLeslie and Lerner 16 ~Sarah-Jane Leslie, Ph.D., Princeton, 2007. Dean of the Graduate School and Class of 1943 Professor of Philosophy. Served as the vice dean for faculty development in the Office of the Dean of the Faculty, director of the Program in Linguistics, and founding director of the Program in Cognitive Science at Princeton University. Adam Lerner, PhD Philosophy, Postgraduate Research Associate, Princeton 2018. From 2018, Assistant Professor/Faculty Fellow in the Center for Bioethics at New York University. Member of the Princeton Social Neuroscience Lab.~ "Generic Generalizations." Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. April 24, 2016. https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/generics/ TG
AND perhaps better used than "usually" to mark off the generic reading.) Patent waiver is not topical.Tom Lee 21 (Data and Policy Analyst at the American Action Forum) And Christopher Holt (the Director of Health Care Policy at the American Action Forum), 5/10/21, Intellectual Property, COVID-19 Vaccines, and the Proposed TRIPS Waiver, https://www.americanactionforum.org/insight/intellectual-property-covid-19-vaccines-and-the-proposed-trips-waiver/~~#ixzz75KTH1nPx SJEP AND pharmaceutical chemical compounds, and respirators would also be subject to the waiver. It applies to "medicines" – 1~ upward entailment test – "reduce intellectual property protections for medicines" doesn’t entail reducing protections for aids, because it doesn’t prove that we should derestrict other beneficial tech, 2~ adverb test – member nations "ought to usually reduce intellectual property protections for medicines" doesn’t substantially change resolutional meaning, 3~ predicate level – the rez is an individual level predicate not a stage level because moral obligations in ought statements are long-lasting as opposed to fleeting phasesViolation – they only defend ' covid medicinesVote neg:1~ Limits – you can pick anything from COVID vaccines to HIV/AIDS to random biotech to insulin treatments and there’s no universal disad since each one has a different function and implication for health, tech, and relations – explodes neg prep and leads to random medicine of the week affs which makes cutting stable neg links impossible. PICs don’t solve – it’s absurd to say neg potential abuse justifies the aff being flat out not T, which leads to a race towards abuse. Limits key to reciprocal engagement since they create a caselist for neg prep.2~ TVA – read the aff as an advantage to a whole rez aff. | 10/3/21 |
SO- T- PermanentTournament: Heart of Texas Invitational | Round: 2 | Opponent: Harvard-Westlake AT | Judge: Colton Gilbert Interpretation: Reductions are permanentReynolds 59. Judge (In the Matter of Doris A. Montesani, Petitioner, v. Arthur Levitt, as Comptroller of the State of New York, et al., Respondents ~NO NUMBER IN ORIGINAL~ Supreme Court of New York, Appellate Division, Third Department 9 A.D.2d 51; 189 N.Y.S.2d 695; 1959 N.Y. App. Div. LEXIS 7391 August 13, 1959) AND and Social Security Law, § 101 ~§ 84 under the 1947 act~.) Violation: the enforcement cards talk about a temporary waiveringVote negative for textuality – the actors in the resolution are members of the WTO and evidence from court operates within the WTO’s jurisdiction.~1~ Predictability – the resolution is the stasis point for contestation, anything else would be unpredictable and an unfair prep burden for the negative. Their counterinterp will justify jettisoning any possible aspect of the topic which explodes predictable limits for prep~2~ Topic education – only our interpretation allows for the most nuanced clash pertaining to what parameters in which the actors in the resolution act. Anything else doesn’t actually talk about the topic because it’s not what the actors are allowed to fiat.Topicality is a voting issue that should be evaluated through competing interpretations—it tells the negative what they do and do not have to prepare for. Reasonability is arbitrary and unpredictable, inviting a race to the bottom and we’ll win it links to our offense.Drop the debater to deter future abuse and because the 2N doesn’t get new disads to whole rez so it’s permanently skewed.No RVIs—it’s your burden to be fair and T—same reason you don’t win for answering inherency or putting defense on a disad.Precision o/w – anything else justifies the aff arbitrarily jettisoning words in the resolution at their whim which decks negative ground and preparation because the aff is no longer bounded by the resolution.T comes before 1AR theory – a) norms – we only have a couple months to set T norms but can set 1AR theory norms anytime, b) magnitude – T affects a larger portion of the debate since the aff advocacy determines every speech after it | 10/16/21 |
SO- T- WTOTournament: Heart of Texas Invitational | Round: 5 | Opponent: Southlake Carroll PK | Judge: Chris Castillo Interpretation: The Member nations of the World Trade Organization refers to all member states acting in accordance with the World Trade Organization, the aff may not defend a subset of "the member nations of the WTO" reducing intellectual property protections for medicines.
| 10/31/21 |
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