Lexington Bai Aff
| Tournament | Round | Opponent | Judge | Cites | Round Report | Open Source | Edit/Delete |
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| Grapevine Classic | 5 | Plano East AW | Stuckert, James |
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| Grapevine Classic | 1 | Strake Jesuit JWe | McLoughlin, Samantha |
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| Grapevine Classic | 4 | Dulles VN | Georges, Joseph |
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| Grapevine Classic | Doubles | Strake Jesuit VC | Self, Connor - Broussard, Austin - Sun, Favian |
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| Mid America Cup | 1 | Harker NA | Stuckert, James |
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| Mid America Cup | 3 | Strake Jesuit DA | Plat, Breigh |
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| Mid America Cup | 6 | Harrison AA | Radcliffe, Ki |
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| New York City Invitational Debate and Speech Tournament | 1 | University AP | Joe, Sesh |
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| New York City Invitational Debate and Speech Tournament | 4 | Harrison TB | Cortez, Ben |
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| Yale University Invitational 2021 | 2 | King CP | Waldman, Ben |
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| Yale University Invitational 2021 | 3 | Catonsville AT | Fees, Bennett |
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| Yale University Invitational 2021 | Doubles | American Heritage Broward EM | Sun, Favian - Natchukuri, Ananya - Lakshman, Rohit |
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| Yale University Invitational 2021 | 6 | West Des Moines Valley MM | Lakshman, Rohit |
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| ye | Finals | opps | ysn flow |
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| Tournament | Round | Report |
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| Grapevine Classic | 5 | Opponent: Plano East AW | Judge: Stuckert, James 1ac - domination democracy adv afc aprioris |
| Grapevine Classic | 1 | Opponent: Strake Jesuit JWe | Judge: McLoughlin, Samantha 1ac - kant democracy |
| Grapevine Classic | 4 | Opponent: Dulles VN | Judge: Georges, Joseph 1ac - 21 Savage must give permissibility or presumption |
| Grapevine Classic | Doubles | Opponent: Strake Jesuit VC | Judge: Self, Connor - Broussard, Austin - Sun, Favian 1ac - kant tricks |
| Mid America Cup | 1 | Opponent: Harker NA | Judge: Stuckert, James 1ac - semiocap tricks democracy adv v2 must grant permissibility |
| Mid America Cup | 3 | Opponent: Strake Jesuit DA | Judge: Plat, Breigh 1ac - semiocap tricks round reports |
| Mid America Cup | 6 | Opponent: Harrison AA | Judge: Radcliffe, Ki 1ac - semiocap and democracy |
| New York City Invitational Debate and Speech Tournament | 1 | Opponent: University AP | Judge: Joe, Sesh 1ac - kant democracy adv WTO adv |
| New York City Invitational Debate and Speech Tournament | 4 | Opponent: Harrison TB | Judge: Cortez, Ben 1ac - democracy and WTO credibility |
| Yale University Invitational 2021 | 2 | Opponent: King CP | Judge: Waldman, Ben 1ac - domination disclose analytics afc |
| Yale University Invitational 2021 | 3 | Opponent: Catonsville AT | Judge: Fees, Bennett 1ac - kant afc democracy adv |
| Yale University Invitational 2021 | Doubles | Opponent: American Heritage Broward EM | Judge: Sun, Favian - Natchukuri, Ananya - Lakshman, Rohit 1ac - semiocap tricks must give permissibility |
| Yale University Invitational 2021 | 6 | Opponent: West Des Moines Valley MM | Judge: Lakshman, Rohit 1ac - semiocap open source tricks reps k |
| ye | Finals | Opponent: opps | Judge: ysn flow rr |
To modify or delete round reports, edit the associated round.
Cites
| Entry | Date |
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0 - ContactTournament: ye | Round: Finals | Opponent: opps | Judge: ysn flow | 10/15/21 |
0 - Contact InfoTournament: ye | Round: Finals | Opponent: opps | Judge: ysn flow | 7/7/21 |
0 - NavigationTournament: ye | Round: Finals | Opponent: opps | Judge: ysn flow | 10/15/21 |
1 - AFCTournament: Grapevine Classic | Round: 5 | Opponent: Plano East AW | Judge: Stuckert, James Interpretation: The negative must concede the affirmative's framework choice if it's theoretically justified.You violate by reading another framing mechanism and/or contesting mine – 6 ways out if you concede AFC – T or theory, counterplans, disads impact turns, kritiks impacted to the aff, and link turns~1~ Strat skew – The NC can adapt to the 1AC – but the 1AC can't adapt to the NC. The 1AC is already behind on strategy because it has to commit to a strategy since they talk first, but AFC levels the playing field.~2~ Contention level debate – We only have the topic for two months, but we can debate FW every single round. That means contention level offense OW and we should commit to deeper substantive clash.~3~ Ground – I can't cut cards and have ground under their framework in 4 minutes of prep time, – ground outweighs because there's no way I can win without making arguments. They can answer the aff though because its disclosed 30 minute before the round and have access to unique positions to Nibs and TFairness is a voter – all args concede the validity, it's a metaconstraint.Education – it's the only reason schools fund debate.No RVIs on AC theory – They have 13 minutes of theory debate while the aff has 7, also it's preemptive so violating was their choice – incentivizes dumping on theory and not engaging in substance.Drop the Negative Debater – They can read infinite 1NC layers. Drop the arg doesn't solve because they'll still win the debate.Competing interps – Reasonability is arbitrary and invites judge intervention | 9/11/21 |
1 - CondoTournament: Grapevine Classic | Round: 1 | Opponent: Strake Jesuit JWe | Judge: McLoughlin, Samantha Conditionality's a voting issue:1~ Strat skew – splits the 1ar by forcing me to argue against multiple worlds with different uniqueness conditions which precludes taking advantage of strategic interactions and contradictions2~ Clash – incentivizes reading many short advocacies and going for the least covered which moots 1ar responses and prevents going in-depth on their position's nuances. Outweighs because external education and multiple rounds solve their education impacts but clash only occurs in-round | 9/11/21 |
1 - Disclose AnalyticsTournament: Yale University Invitational 2021 | Round: 2 | Opponent: King CP | Judge: Waldman, Ben Interpretation: Debaters should disclose the warrants to all analytic arguments unrelated to personal narratives made in their constructive speeches without evidence on the NDCA LD wiki page. Analytics disclose the entire argument read with warrants.Violation: I've inserted screenshots.1~ Accessibility – Debaters with ADHD or dysgraphia would have a difficult time mind sweeping through warrants of tons of tricks especially when you suddenly surprise them. Accessibility is an independent voting issue and outweighs other argument since it controls the internal link to being able to engage in the first place – it's the terminal impact to fairness and it's an impact multiplier on everything since people quit when excluded. Asking them doesn't solve – all our arguments show that disclosing millions of analytics 10 minutes before round is impossible, inaccessible, and doesn't solve stealing good. | 9/17/21 |
1 - Must Give PermissibilityTournament: Yale University Invitational 2021 | Round: Doubles | Opponent: American Heritage Broward EM | Judge: Sun, Favian - Natchukuri, Ananya - Lakshman, Rohit Interp – The neg must give the aff permissibility – a) you get presumption which is reciprocal b) deters trick NCs that bank on no offense which kills substance | 9/19/21 |
1 - Open SourceTournament: Yale University Invitational 2021 | Round: 6 | Opponent: West Des Moines Valley MM | Judge: Lakshman, Rohit Interpretation: Debaters must disclose all constructive positions on open source with highlighting on the 2021-2022 NDCA LD wiki after the round in which they read them.Violation – they don't for every round1~ Debate resource inequities—you'll say people will steal cards, but that's good—it's the only way to truly level the playing field for students such as novices in under-privileged programs who can't bypass paywalled articles.2~ Evidence ethics – open source is the only way to verify pre-round that cards aren't miscut or highlighted or bracketed unethically. That's a voter – maintaining ethical ev practices is key to being good academics and we should be able to verify you didn't cheat | 10/3/21 |
1 - PICsTournament: Grapevine Classic | Round: 1 | Opponent: Strake Jesuit JWe | Judge: McLoughlin, Samantha | 9/11/21 |
1 - Permissibility or PresumptionTournament: Grapevine Classic | Round: 4 | Opponent: Dulles VN | Judge: Georges, Joseph Interpretation – The negative must grant the aff presumption or permissibility. A violation would be reading both or contesting one ~1~ Strat skew – otherwise it incentivizes the 1n to read multiple NIBs and frontload the 1n with presumption and permissibility offense which is particularly bad since there isn't a substantive truth to either side | 9/11/21 |
1 - Round ReportsTournament: Mid America Cup | Round: 3 | Opponent: Strake Jesuit DA | Judge: Plat, Breigh Interp: Debaters must disclose round reports on the 2020-2021 NDCA LD wiki for every round they have debated this season. Round reports disclose which positions (AC, NC, K, T, Theory, etc.) were read/gone for in every speech 30 min before the roundViolation: screenshot in the doc – they didn't disclose all for yale, nsd,Standards:1~ Level Playing Field – big schools can go around and scout and collect flows but independents are left in the dark so round reports are key for them to prep- they give you an idea of overall what layers debaters like going for so you can best prepare your strategy when you hit them. Accessibility first and independent voter – it's an impact multiplier.2~ Strategy Education – round reports help novices understand the context in which positions are read by good debaters and help with brainstorming potential 1NCs vs affs – helps compensate for kids who can't afford coaches to prep out affs.3~ Pre-round prep –1ARs gives especially give an idea of what type of debater someone is – they could go for 1AR theory every round– otherwise I enter every round unknowing whereas you have an idea of what you want to go for from the start. | 9/25/21 |
2 - Reps - Non-Indigenous SettlercolonialismTournament: Mid America Cup | Round: 6 | Opponent: Harrison AA | Judge: Radcliffe, Ki Non indigenous setcol is violent – this should function as an independent reps KBrough '17 Taylor Brough https://resistanceanddebate.wordpress.com/2017/03/23/open-letter-to-non-black-native-people-in-debate/ (won CEDA in 2016, debated for Vermont)Elmer | 10/3/21 |
2 - Reps - StupidTournament: Yale University Invitational 2021 | Round: 6 | Opponent: West Des Moines Valley MM | Judge: Lakshman, Rohit The word "stupid" is ableist and normalizes violence against disabled people.Nersesyan 18, Mihran. "'Stupid' Is an Ableist Slur: Breaking Down Defenses Around Ableist Language and Liberating Our Words." The Body Is Not An Apology, 28 Aug. 2018, thebodyisnotanapology.com/magazine/stupid-is-an-ableist-slur-breaking-down-defenses-around-ableist-language-liberating-our-words/. SJCPJG | 10/3/21 |
3 - Theoretical PermissibilityTournament: Grapevine Classic | Round: 4 | Opponent: Dulles VN | Judge: Georges, Joseph I'll concede no 1AR theory – If I don't get 1AR theory to check back for abuse that means the 1NC can theoretically do anything which means any theoretical thing is permissible which means it triggers permissibility – this is not a substantive trigger rather a trigger on the theoretical layer of the debate. This implicates your ballot in 2 ways – a) vote aff because permissibility affirms – b) takes out NC theory because even if I violated something, anyone can violate anything. That means it comes before NC theory because it determines how theory works. | 9/11/21 |
SO - 1AC - Democracy and WTO CredibilityTournament: New York City Invitational Debate and Speech Tournament | Round: 4 | Opponent: Harrison TB | Judge: Cortez, Ben 1AC – Adv 1Advantage One is Global DemocracyGlobal democracy is collapsing nowFreedom House 3/3 ~Freedom House. Freedom House works to defend human rights and promote democratic change, with a focus on political rights and civil liberties. We act as a catalyst for freedom through a combination of analysis, advocacy, and action. Our analysis, focused on 13 central issues, is underpinned by our international program work. "New Report: The global decline in democracy has accelerated". 3-3-2021. . https://freedomhouse.org/article/new-report-global-decline-democracy-has-accelerated.~~ India is in a democracy crisis now which has caused the second wave.Singh 7/5 ~Prerna Singh, July 5, 2021 at 5:00 a.m., "India has become an 'electoral autocracy.' Its covid-19 catastrophe is no surprise", https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2021/07/05/india-has-become-an-electoral-autocracy-its-covid-19-catastrophe-is-no-surprise JB recut by Lex AKo~ The second wave and lack of journalistic freedom revives IndoPak escalation.Somos 20 ~Christy Somos, December 17, 2020, "COVID-19 has escalated armed conflict in India, Pakistan, Iraq, Libya and the Philippines, study finds," https://www.ctvnews.ca/world/covid-19-has-escalated-armed-conflict-in-india-pakistan-iraq-libya-and-the-philippines-study-finds-1.5236738 JB Recut by Lex AKo~ Extinction – first strike and fallout blocks the sunRoblin 21. ~(Sébastien Roblin holds a master's degree in Conflict Resolution from Georgetown University and served as a university instructor for the Peace Corps in China, "If the Next India-Pakistan War Goes Nuclear, It Will Destroy the World," The National Interest, March 26, 2021. https://nationalinterest.org/blog/reboot/if-next-india-pakistan-war-goes-nuclear-it-will-destroy-world-181134~~ TDI Democracies are key to solving climate change – data, empirics, metastudies, etc.Looney 16 ~Robert Looney, JUNE 1, 2016, "Democracy Is the Answer to Climate Change", https://foreignpolicy.com/2016/06/01/democracy-is-the-answer-to-climate-change JB~ ExtinctionSpecktor 19 ~Brandon writes about the science of everyday life for Live Science, and previously for Reader's Digest magazine, where he served as an editor for five years~ 6-4-2019, "Human Civilization Will Crumble by 2050 If We Don't Stop Climate Change Now, New Paper Claims," livescience, https://www.livescience.com/65633-climate-change-dooms-humans-by-2050.html Justin 1AC – Adv 2Advantage 1 is WTO Credibility.The new head of the WTO is on track to push for reform and an increased role but is hindered now due to lack of vaccine agreement.Baschuk 4-27. ~(Bryce Baschuk is a Bloomberg Reporter) "WTO Chief Pursues a 'Hectic' Agenda to Fix World Trade's Referee," Bloomberg, April 27, 2021. https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2021-04-27/wto-chief-pursues-a-hectic-agenda-to-fix-world-trade-s-referee~~ TDI Patent waiver is necessary to revitalize WTO's credibility as an international dispute mechanism – creates momentum for further reform.Meyer 6-18-21. ~(David Meyer is the Editor of CEO Daily and a senior writer on Fortune's European team. Author of the digital rights primer, Control Shift: How Technology Affects You and Your Rights. "The WTO's survival hinges on the COVID-19 vaccine patent debate, waiver advocates warn," Fortune, June 18, 2021. https://fortune.com/2021/06/18/wto-covid-vaccines-patents-waiver-south-africa-trips/~~ TDI Post Covid WTO legitimacy and credibility necessary to prevent a downward spiral of protectionism.Solís 20 ~(Mireya Solís is director of the Center for East Asia Policy Studies, Philip Knight Chair in Japan Studies, and a senior fellow in the Foreign Policy program at Brookings. "The post COVID-19 world: Economic nationalism triumphant?" July 10, 2020. https://www.brookings.edu/blog/order-from-chaos/2020/07/10/the-post-covid-19-world-economic-nationalism-triumphant/~~ TDI Trade solves great power competition – regionalism causes militarized crises.Lake 18 ~(David Lake is a Professor of Social Sciences and Distinguished Professor of Political Science at the University of California, San Diego. "Economic Openness and Great Power Competition: Lessons for China and the United States," April 30, 2018. https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3171196/~~ TDI Independently, WTO cred solves nuclear war – allows an off-track for nuclear weapons.Hamann 09 ~(Georgia Hamann is a J.D. Candidate, Vanderbilt University Law School, "Replacing Slingshots with Swords: Implications of the Antigua-Gambling 22.6 Panel Report for Developing Countries and the World Trading System," 2009.~ TDI 1AC – SolvencyThus, the advocacy – Resolved: The member nations of the World Trade Organization ought to reduce intellectual property protections for medicines. The neg should also have an advocacy text else it's irresolvable and impossible to know what they defend.The plan solves – reducing IP for medicine upholds democratic ideals, counteracts neoliberalism, and supports the Global SouthHanna 20 ~Thomas Hanna, 9-21-2020, "Democratizing knowledge: Transforming intellectual property and research and development," Democracy Collaborative, https://democracycollaborative.org/learn/publication/democratizing-knowledge-transforming-intellectual-property-and-research-and JB~ Only the plan can solve covid access – inequalities heighten the risk of mutations and uneven development.Kumar 21 ~Rajeesh; Associate Fellow at the Institute, currently working on a project titled "Emerging Powers and the Future of Global Governance: India and International Institutions." He has PhD in International Organization from Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi. Prior to joining MP-IDSA in 2016, he taught at JamiaMilliaIslamia, New Delhi (2010-11and 2015-16) and University of Calicut, Kerala (2007-08). His areas of research interest are International Organizations, India and Multilateralism, Global Governance, and International Humanitarian Law. He is the co-editor of two books;Eurozone Crisis and the Future of Europe: Political Economy of Further Integration and Governance (London: Palgrave Macmillan, 2014); and Islam, Islamist Movements and Democracy in the Middle East: Challenges, Opportunities and Responses (Delhi: Global Vision Publishing, 2013); "WTO TRIPS Waiver and COVID-19 Vaccine Equity," IDSA Issue Briefs; https://idsa.in/issuebrief/wto-trips-waiver-covid-vaccine-rkumar-120721~~ Justin That escalates security threats – extinction.—-AT: Cooperation Thesis 1AC – FrameworkThe standard is act hedonistic util.~1~ Extinction is bad and outweighsMacAskill 14 ~William, Oxford Philosopher and youngest tenured philosopher in the world, Normative Uncertainty, 2014~ Prefer –~1~ Actor Specificity – Util is the best in the context of governments which is the actor in the resolutionA~ Governments must aggregate since every policy benefits some and harms others, which also means side constraints freeze action.B~ No intent-foresight distinction – the actions we take are inevitably informed by predictions from certain mental states, meaning consequences are a collective part of the will.C~ No act-omission distinction governments are responsible for everything in the public sphere so inaction is an implicit authorization of actionD~ Actor-specificity comes first since different agents have different ethical standings. Takes out util calc indicts since they're empirically denied and link turns them because the alt would be no action~3~ Extinction first –A~ Turns suffering – mass death causes suffering because people can't get access to resources and basic necessitiesB~ Objectivity – body count is the most objective way to calculate impacts because comparing suffering is unethical1AC – Underview~1~ 1ar theory since the neg can do infinite bad things and I can't check. It's drop the debater since the 1ar is too short to win both layers. No RVI since they'd dump on it for 6 minutes. CI since reasonability is arbitrary and bites intervention.~2~ Permissibility and presumption substantively affirm: a) Statements are true before false since if I told you my name, you'd believe me b) Epistemics – we wouldn't be able to start a strand of reasoning since we'd have to question that reason. c) If anything is permissible, then definitionally so is the aff since there is nothing that prevents us from doing it~3~ Reject monocausal analyses.David Martin Jones 15, Visiting Professor in the Department of War Studies, King's College London and Associate Professor, School of Politics and International Studies at the University of Queensland; and M.L.R. Smith, Professor of Strategic Theory in the Department of War Studies, King's College London, September 2015, "Return to reason: reviving political realism in western foreign policy," International Affairs, Vol. 91, No. 5, p. 933-952 ~4~ The foreign policy establishment solves great power war and self corrects – any alternative strategy is substantially worse – the alternative's retreat from foreign policy expertise and lack of a coherent foreign policy vision turns all their offenseBrands et. al 20 ~HAL BRANDS, the Henry A. Kissinger Distinguished Professor of Global Affairs at the Johns Hopkins School of Advanced International Studies and a scholar at the American Enterprise Institute, served as Special Assistant to the Secretary of Defense in 2015-2016. PETER FEAVER, Professor of Political Science and Public Policy at Duke University, served as special adviser for strategic planning and institutional reform at the National Security Council staff in 2005-2007 and as director for defense policy and arms control in 1993-1994. WILLIAM INBODEN, William Powers, Jr., Executive Director of the Clements Center for National Security and an Associate Professor at the LBJ School of Public Affairs at the University of Texas at Austin, served at the State Department in 2002-2005 and as senior director for strategic planning on the National Security Council staff in 2005-2007, "In Defense of the Blob", April 29th, https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/united-states/2020-04-29/defense-blob~~ | 10/16/21 |
SO - 1AC - Domination v1Tournament: Grapevine Classic | Round: 5 | Opponent: Plano East AW | Judge: Stuckert, James 1AC – FrameworkThe meta ethic is practical reason-~1~ Ethics must be derived a priori – moral truths exist independently of the empirical world. Prefer –A~ Uncertainty – our experiences are inaccessible to others which allows people to say they don't experience the same, however a priori principles are universally applied to all agents which makes it action guidingB~ Naturalistic fallacy – experience only tells us what is since we can only perceive what is, not what ought to be, this means experience may be generally useful but should not be the basis for ethical action.~2~ Agents have a constitutive right to freedom –A~ Inescapability – to deny agency is self-contradictory because questioning your agency is exercising that same agency. Thus, exercising free agency – justifying judgements and freely taking actions – is constitutive of subjectivityB~ Principle of Generic Consistency – freedom is constitutive of agency and is necessary good. Denying freedom in general in contradictory since it justifies interference in your ability to take actions and make judgements in the first place~3~ Freedom is not just the absence of interference – a slaveowner who does not interfere in the affairs of their slaves has not made them "freer," because they are still subject to domination, a regime of potential arbitrary intervention. Prefer freedom as nondomination – better corrects noninterfering forms of subjugation through institutional restraints.Pettit '96 ~Philip Pettit, "Freedom as Antipower," Ethics, Vol. 106, No. 3 (Apr. 1996), pp. 576-604. Pettit is the Laurance S. Rockefeller University Professor of University Center for Human Values at Princeton University and also Distinguished University Professor of Philosophy at the Australian National University.~ CHSTM ~Recut JB~ Thus, the standard is establishing checks against domination. To clarify, domination is an intrinsic wrong.Prefer additionally –1~ Analytical philosophy means anyone can generate offense under the framework with analytics without evidence – couple impactsa) Accessibility – util disproportionately favors evidence-based debate which is what big schools with coaching staffs have which kills small school engagementb) Ground – it ensures that there's always offense on both sides whereas util might skew against an uninherent aff because of what countries doc) Critical thinking – ensures that you engage and contest offense instead of running to cards for argumentation2~ Actor spec – nondomination is the only notion of freedom that can be deployed by the state because all bodies exist in communities3~ Motivation – it's the only motivating factor for action because you require reason and nondomination to take action1AC – Offense~1~ Rich countries use IP to block access to medicines from developing countries – vaccine access IS an issue and this perpetuates a global regime of domination. Also solves COVID.Meredith 4/15 ~Sam Meredith, 4-15-2021, "Rich countries are refusing to waive the rights on Covid vaccines as global cases hit record levels," CNBC, https://www.cnbc.com/2021/04/22/covid-rich-countries-are-refusing-to-waive-ip-rights-on-vaccines.html JB~ ~2~ CPs don't solve and no NC offense – IP for medicine is racist and has historically been used to target black and brown folk.
| 9/11/21 |
SO - 1AC - Domination v2Tournament: Yale University Invitational 2021 | Round: 2 | Opponent: King CP | Judge: Waldman, Ben 1AC – Domination1AC – FrameworkThe meta ethic is practical reason-~1~ Ethics must be derived a prioriA~ Uncertainty – if we base ethics on a postieri knowledge, our experiences are subjective and unverifiable, but principles created with the bases if a priori in the noumenal world are universally the same with all agents. That outweighs because if ethics are subjective that allows people to justify atrocities by saying they don't experience the sameB~ Is/Ought Gap – experience in the physical world only descriptively tells us what is, not what ought to because we won't know the best course of action, only what we can perceive. Thus it's not possible to create an ought statement through descriptive premises which means there must be a premises created in the noumenal a priori world to make a moral theory so we can see if an action is good in a vacuum and in all situations.~2~ Agents have a constitutive right to freedom –A~ Inescapability – to deny agency is self-contradictory because questioning your agency is exercising that same agency. Thus, exercising free agency – justifying judgements and freely taking actions – is constitutive of subjectivityB~ Principle of Generic Consistency – freedom is constitutive of agency and is necessary good. Denying freedom in general in contradictory since it justifies interference in your ability to take actions and make judgements in the first place – also justifies phenomenal ontological statusGewirth 84 ~Gewirth, A. (1984). The Ontological Basis of Natural Law: A Critique and an Alternative. The American Journal of Jurisprudence, 29(1), 95–121. doi:10.1093/ajj/29.1.95 JB (brackets for gendered language)~ ~3~ Freedom is not just the absence of interference – a slaveowner who does not interfere in the affairs of their slaves has not made them "freer," because they are still subject to domination, a regime of potential arbitrary intervention. Prefer freedom as nondomination – better corrects noninterfering forms of subjugation through institutional restraints.Pettit '96 ~Philip Pettit, "Freedom as Antipower," Ethics, Vol. 106, No. 3 (Apr. 1996), pp. 576-604. Pettit is the Laurance S. Rockefeller University Professor of University Center for Human Values at Princeton University and also Distinguished University Professor of Philosophy at the Australian National University.~ CHSTM ~Recut JB~ ~4~ Non-domination requires specific interventions by the state to protect the polity from subjugation – laws do not infringe on freedoms but enable them. Only when interrelations are mutually governed by a system of non-arbitrary communal public rules is it possible for citizens to enjoy independence from arbitrary rule.Pettit '05 ~Philip Pettit, "The Domination Complaint", Nomos, Vol. 46, POLITICAL EXCLUSION AND DOMINATION (2005), pp. 87-117.~ CHSTM ~Recut JB~ Thus, the standard is establishing checks against domination.Prefer additionally –1~ Performativity – debate as an institution is defined not just how we perform as individuals but how we interact as a community, ensuring the community is free of domination by removing subjugating regimes so everyone is equally respected and everyone's voices can be heard is a pre-requisite to being able to debate.2~ Actor-specificity – non-domination is the only notion of freedom that can apply to state actors since individuals always exist in communities and communal governance always involves restrictions3~ Inclusion – analytical philosophy allows for anyone to make responses to it with no carded evidence1AC – AdvocacyThus the advocacy – Resolved: The member nations of the World Trade Organization ought to reduce intellectual property protections for medicines.Patents, jurisdiction in every country 1AC – Offense~1~ Rich countries use IP to block access to medicines from developing countries – vaccine access IS an issue and this perpetuates a global regime of domination.Meredith 4/15 ~Sam Meredith, 4-15-2021, "Rich countries are refusing to waive the rights on Covid vaccines as global cases hit record levels," CNBC, https://www.cnbc.com/2021/04/22/covid-rich-countries-are-refusing-to-waive-ip-rights-on-vaccines.html JB~ ~2~ IP for medicine is racist and has historically been used to target black and brown folk.
~3~ No NC offense and CPs don't solve – Patents are arbitrary and assert ownership over nature and doesn't meet a priori truth.Long 95 ~(Roderick T., professor of philosophy at Auburn University, editor of the Journal of Ayn Rand Studies, director and president of the Molinari Institute and a Senior Fellow at the Center for a Stateless Society) "The Libertarian Case Against Intellectual Property Rights," Free Nation Foundation, 1995~ JL recut Lex VM | 9/17/21 |
SO - 1AC - K - 21 SavageTournament: Grapevine Classic | Round: 4 | Opponent: Dulles VN | Judge: Georges, Joseph FootnoteHere is a link to 21 Savage songs – check it out and feel free to add any 21 savage songs that you think deserves to be on UNDERVIEW AT BOTTOM1AC – ThesisThe date is February 3, 2019. The Immigration and Customs Enforcement raided 21 Savage and took custody as a reaction to his live performance of his song a lot ft. J. Cole. He performed the song and freestyled as a strategy to speak up against the elitist system that continues an unjust border patrol.Ahmad 20 ~Ahmad, Nadia, Climate Cages: Connecting Migration, the Carceral State, Extinction Rebellion, and the Coronavirus through Cicero and 21 Savage (July 21, 2020). Loyola Law Review, New Orleans, Forthcoming, Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3657096 or http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3657096 LEX JB~ The arrest of 21 Savage is something greater than an ICE investigation. It is an operation by corporatist capitalism to silence immigrants who historically speak up against it, like issues of environmentalism. The way that capitalism structures a system of corporatism proactively excludes immigrants who have their lives destroyedAhmad 20 ~Ahmad, Nadia, Climate Cages: Connecting Migration, the Carceral State, Extinction Rebellion, and the Coronavirus through Cicero and 21 Savage (July 21, 2020). Loyola Law Review, New Orleans, Forthcoming, Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3657096 or http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3657096 LEX JB~ These systems are tortureLenders 18, Mark Lenders, 2018, The Effects of Deportation on Families and Communities, Community Psychology: Social Justice Through Collaborative Research and Action, https://www.communitypsychology.com/effects-of-deportation-on-families-communities/ SJ||DH Thus, the only ethical demand is to endorse a politics of Pan-Africanism through the embodiment of 21 SavageAsante 16 ~Asante, Godfried; Sekimoto, Sachi; Brown, Christopher (2016). Becoming "Black": Exploring the Racialized Experiences of African Immigrants in the United States. Howard Journal of Communications, 27(4), 367–384. doi:10.1080/10646175.2016.1206047 LEX JB~ 1AC – Framework~1~ Sheyaa's lyricism can redefine subjectivities and break down borders, enhancing cultural range and changing political narratives – the aff controls the internal link to movement buildingMorgan Bennett 11 ~Marcyliena Morgan and Dionne Bennett "Hip-Hop and the Global Imprint of a Black Cultural Form" Daedalus , Spring 2011, Vol. 140, No. 2, Race, Inequality and Culture, volume 2 (Spring 2011), pp. 176-196 The MIT Press on behalf of American Academy of Arts and Sciences https://www.jstor.org/stable/23047460 LEX JB~ Thus, the role of the ballot is to vote for the debater who best methodologically breaks down borders. The status quo is predicated on the selective law enforcement that targeted 21 Savage, but we say these borders and enforcement shouldn't exist. Independently vote me up for breaking the border of 21 Savage literature in debate. Fiat is illusory, but the k has material impact on us as there are existing borders in debate.Giroux 05 (Giroux is an American and Canadian scholar and cultural critic and received his doctorate from Carnegie Melon. "Border Crossing: Cultural Workers and the Politics of Education" Second Edition 2005 Taylor and Francis Group https://www.amazon.com/Border-Crossings-Cultural-Politics-Education/dp/0415951496) SJ 1AC – AdvocacyThus, the advocacy – The member nations of the World Trade Organization ought to reduce intellectual property protections for medicines – spec in cross to avoid friv theoryEvery IP 1AC – ContentionImperialist countries are blocking WTO access to medicines.Doctors Without Borders 3/9 ~Doctors Without Borders - USA, 3-9-2021, "US must stop blocking WTO waiver on COVID-19 medical tools," https://www.doctorswithoutborders.org/what-we-do/news-stories/news/us-must-stop-blocking-wto-waiver-covid-19-medical-tools JB~ The plan solves – Doctors Without Borders is an organization that allows refugees at the border to countergaze and realize consciousness. This reaffirms breaking down borders through access of medical supply.Doctors Without Borders ~Doctors Without Borders - USA, No Date, "Global migration and refugee crisis," https://www.doctorswithoutborders.org/refugees JB~ | 9/11/21 |
SO - 1AC - K - SemiocapitalismTournament: Yale University Invitational 2021 | Round: 6 | Opponent: West Des Moines Valley MM | Judge: Lakshman, Rohit 1AC – FrameworkTHE DIGITAL AGE IS HERE – Technology has created an age of constant information and signifiers floating through our phones and computers as media. This creates a dyslexia – reduced attention spans, no time for true human interaction – this leads to information overload, which is too fast for our organic minds to keep up with – that causes depression and drug use. It's no coincidence that the rise of tech in the 80s was complimented with a drug epidemic. These signifiers come prior to action, thus the role of the ballot is to disrupt semiocapitalism.Berardi 09 ~Franco Berardi, Italian communist theorist and activist in the autonomist tradition, whose work mainly focuses on the role of the media and information technology within post-industrial capitalism Precarious Rhapsody, by Franco Bifo Berardi et al., AK Press, 2009. P. 40-42 LEX JB~ Questions regarding ethics are irrelevant in the world of the infosphere. All information gets coopted by the inescapability of capitalism – it's search is cruelly optimistic in a world of semiocapitalism because of how information interacts with us.Berardi 11 ~Franco Berardi, Italian communist theorist and activist in the autonomist tradition, whose work mainly focuses on the role of the media and information technology within post-industrial capitalism "0. Bifurications." Precarious Rhapsody, by Franco Bifo Berardi et al., AK Press, 2011. P. 14-15 LEX JB~ Thus, the standard is to adopt a Wu Wei ethic. Symbolically take the system hostage through it's own method of exhaustion. We do this through radical passivity – only radical passivity can escape the infosphereBerardi 11 ~Franco Berardi, Italian communist theorist and activist in the autonomist tradition, whose work mainly focuses on the role of the media and information technology within post-industrial capitalism "Chapter 4 Exhastion and Subjectivity." After the Future, by Franco Bifo Berardi et al., AK Press, 2011. P. 107-108 LEX JB~ 1AC – Offense~1~ IP is a regime of signifiers that is required for capital to flourish – biopolitics such as medicine theorization requires production which is inherently tied to IP.Lemmens 17 ~Pieter Lemmens, January 2017 , "The conditions of the common: a Stieglerian critique of Hardt and Negri's thesis on cognitive capitalism as a prefiguration of communism", DOI:10.5040/9781350221741.ch-005 JB~ ~2~ IP is the driving factor of semiocapitalism – the 1NC's innovation DA will prove uniqueness for this.Míguez 18 ~Míguez, Pablo (2018). Intellectual property and the forced commodification of knowledge. Universitas, 29, pp. 41-62, https://universitas.ups.edu.ec/index.php/universitas/article/view/29.2018.02 JB~ | 10/3/21 |
SO - 1AC - K - Semiocapitalism v2Tournament: Yale University Invitational 2021 | Round: Doubles | Opponent: American Heritage Broward EM | Judge: Sun, Favian - Natchukuri, Ananya - Lakshman, Rohit NotesCSA – 1AC – FrameworkTHE DIGITAL AGE IS HERE – Technology has created an age of constant information and signifiers floating through our phones and computers as media. This creates a dyslexia – reduced attention spans, no time for true human interaction – this leads to information overload, which is too fast for our organic minds to keep up with – that causes depression and drug use. It's no coincidence that the rise of tech in the 80s was complimented with a drug epidemic. These signifiers come prior to action, thus the role of the ballot is to disrupt semiocapitalism.Berardi 09 ~Franco Berardi, Italian communist theorist and activist in the autonomist tradition, whose work mainly focuses on the role of the media and information technology within post-industrial capitalism Precarious Rhapsody, by Franco Bifo Berardi et al., AK Press, 2009. P. 40-42 LEX JB~ Questions regarding ethics are irrelevant in the world of the infosphere. All information gets coopted by the inescapability of capitalism – it's search is cruelly optimistic in a world of semiocapitalism because of how information interacts with us.Berardi 11 ~Franco Berardi, Italian communist theorist and activist in the autonomist tradition, whose work mainly focuses on the role of the media and information technology within post-industrial capitalism "0. Bifurications." Precarious Rhapsody, by Franco Bifo Berardi et al., AK Press, 2011. P. 14-15 LEX JB~ Thus, the standard is to adopt a Wu Wei ethic. Symbolically take the system hostage through it's own method of exhaustion. We do this through radical passivity – only radical passivity can escape the infosphereBerardi 11 ~Franco Berardi, Italian communist theorist and activist in the autonomist tradition, whose work mainly focuses on the role of the media and information technology within post-industrial capitalism "Chapter 4 Exhastion and Subjectivity." After the Future, by Franco Bifo Berardi et al., AK Press, 2011. P. 107-108 LEX JB~ 1AC – AdvocacyThus the advocacy – Resolved: The member nations of the World Trade Organization ought to reduce intellectual property protections for medicinesPatents 1AC – Offense~1~ IP is a regime of signifiers that is required for capital to flourish – biopolitics such as medicine theorization requires production which is inherently tied to IP.Lemmens 17 ~Pieter Lemmens, January 2017 , "The conditions of the common: a Stieglerian critique of Hardt and Negri's thesis on cognitive capitalism as a prefiguration of communism", DOI:10.5040/9781350221741.ch-005 JB~ ~2~ IP is the driving factor of semiocapitalism – the 1NC's innovation DA will prove uniqueness for this.Míguez 18 ~Míguez, Pablo (2018). Intellectual property and the forced commodification of knowledge. Universitas, 29, pp. 41-62, https://universitas.ups.edu.ec/index.php/universitas/article/view/29.2018.02 JB~ | 9/19/21 |
SO - 1AC - Kant v1Tournament: Grapevine Classic | Round: 1 | Opponent: Strake Jesuit JWe | Judge: McLoughlin, Samantha | 9/11/21 |
SO - 1AC - Kant v2Tournament: Grapevine Classic | Round: Doubles | Opponent: Strake Jesuit VC | Judge: Self, Connor - Broussard, Austin - Sun, Favian | 9/18/21 |
SO - Adv - Democracy v1Tournament: Grapevine Classic | Round: 1 | Opponent: Strake Jesuit JWe | Judge: McLoughlin, Samantha The Advantage is Democracy.Global democracy is collapsing nowFreedom House 3/3 ~Freedom House. Freedom House works to defend human rights and promote democratic change, with a focus on political rights and civil liberties. We act as a catalyst for freedom through a combination of analysis, advocacy, and action. Our analysis, focused on 13 central issues, is underpinned by our international program work. "New Report: The global decline in democracy has accelerated". 3-3-2021. . https://freedomhouse.org/article/new-report-global-decline-democracy-has-accelerated.~~ India is in a democracy crisis now which has caused the second wave.Singh 7/5 ~Prerna Singh, July 5, 2021 at 5:00 a.m., "India has become an 'electoral autocracy.' Its covid-19 catastrophe is no surprise", https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2021/07/05/india-has-become-an-electoral-autocracy-its-covid-19-catastrophe-is-no-surprise JB~ The second wave and lack of journalistic freedom revives IndoPak escalation.Somos 20 ~Christy Somos, December 17, 2020, "COVID-19 has escalated armed conflict in India, Pakistan, Iraq, Libya and the Philippines, study finds," https://www.ctvnews.ca/world/covid-19-has-escalated-armed-conflict-in-india-pakistan-iraq-libya-and-the-philippines-study-finds-1.5236738 JB~ ExtinctionRoblin 21. ~(Sébastien Roblin holds a master's degree in Conflict Resolution from Georgetown University and served as a university instructor for the Peace Corps in China, "If the Next India-Pakistan War Goes Nuclear, It Will Destroy the World," The National Interest, March 26, 2021. https://nationalinterest.org/blog/reboot/if-next-india-pakistan-war-goes-nuclear-it-will-destroy-world-181134~~ TDI Democracies are key to solving climate change – data, empirics, metastudies, etc.Looney 16 ~Robert Looney, JUNE 1, 2016, "Democracy Is the Answer to Climate Change", https://foreignpolicy.com/2016/06/01/democracy-is-the-answer-to-climate-change JB~ ExtinctionSpecktor 19 ~Brandon writes about the science of everyday life for Live Science, and previously for Reader's Digest magazine, where he served as an editor for five years~ 6-4-2019, "Human Civilization Will Crumble by 2050 If We Don't Stop Climate Change Now, New Paper Claims," livescience, https://www.livescience.com/65633-climate-change-dooms-humans-by-2050.html Justin The plan solves – reducing IP for medicine is consistent with democratic ideals, builds revolutionary movement against neoliberalism, and provides reparations to Global South~Thomas Hanna, 9-21-2020, "Democratizing knowledge: Transforming intellectual property and research and development," Democracy Collaborative, https://democracycollaborative.org/learn/publication/democratizing-knowledge-transforming-intellectual-property-and-research-and JB~ | 9/11/21 |
SO - Adv - Democracy v2Tournament: Grapevine Classic | Round: 5 | Opponent: Plano East AW | Judge: Stuckert, James Global democracy is collapsing nowFreedom House 3/3 ~Freedom House. Freedom House works to defend human rights and promote democratic change, with a focus on political rights and civil liberties. We act as a catalyst for freedom through a combination of analysis, advocacy, and action. Our analysis, focused on 13 central issues, is underpinned by our international program work. "New Report: The global decline in democracy has accelerated". 3-3-2021. . https://freedomhouse.org/article/new-report-global-decline-democracy-has-accelerated.~~ India is in a democracy crisis now which has caused the second wave.Singh 7/5 ~Prerna Singh, July 5, 2021 at 5:00 a.m., "India has become an 'electoral autocracy.' Its covid-19 catastrophe is no surprise", https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2021/07/05/india-has-become-an-electoral-autocracy-its-covid-19-catastrophe-is-no-surprise JB recut by Lex AKo~ The second wave and lack of journalistic freedom revives IndoPak escalation.Somos 20 ~Christy Somos, December 17, 2020, "COVID-19 has escalated armed conflict in India, Pakistan, Iraq, Libya and the Philippines, study finds," https://www.ctvnews.ca/world/covid-19-has-escalated-armed-conflict-in-india-pakistan-iraq-libya-and-the-philippines-study-finds-1.5236738 JB Recut by Lex AKo~ Extinction – first strike and fallout blocks the sunRoblin 21. ~(Sébastien Roblin holds a master's degree in Conflict Resolution from Georgetown University and served as a university instructor for the Peace Corps in China, "If the Next India-Pakistan War Goes Nuclear, It Will Destroy the World," The National Interest, March 26, 2021. https://nationalinterest.org/blog/reboot/if-next-india-pakistan-war-goes-nuclear-it-will-destroy-world-181134~~ TDI Democracies are key to solving climate change – data, empirics, metastudies, etc.Looney 16 ~Robert Looney, JUNE 1, 2016, "Democracy Is the Answer to Climate Change", https://foreignpolicy.com/2016/06/01/democracy-is-the-answer-to-climate-change JB~ ExtinctionSpecktor 19 ~Brandon writes about the science of everyday life for Live Science, and previously for Reader's Digest magazine, where he served as an editor for five years~ 6-4-2019, "Human Civilization Will Crumble by 2050 If We Don't Stop Climate Change Now, New Paper Claims," livescience, https://www.livescience.com/65633-climate-change-dooms-humans-by-2050.html Justin The plan solves – reducing IP for medicine is consistent with democratic ideals, builds revolutionary movement against neoliberalism, and provides reparations to Global South~Thomas Hanna, 9-21-2020, "Democratizing knowledge: Transforming intellectual property and research and development," Democracy Collaborative, https://democracycollaborative.org/learn/publication/democratizing-knowledge-transforming-intellectual-property-and-research-and JB~ | 9/11/21 |
SO - Adv - WTO CredibilityTournament: New York City Invitational Debate and Speech Tournament | Round: 1 | Opponent: University AP | Judge: Joe, Sesh The new head of the WTO is on track to push for reform and an increased role but is hindered now due to lack of vaccine agreement.Baschuk 4-27. ~(Bryce Baschuk is a Bloomberg Reporter) "WTO Chief Pursues a 'Hectic' Agenda to Fix World Trade's Referee," Bloomberg, April 27, 2021. https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2021-04-27/wto-chief-pursues-a-hectic-agenda-to-fix-world-trade-s-referee~~ TDI Patent waiver is necessary to revitalize WTO's credibility as an international dispute mechanism – creates momentum for further reform.Meyer 6-18-21. ~(David Meyer is the Editor of CEO Daily and a senior writer on Fortune's European team. Author of the digital rights primer, Control Shift: How Technology Affects You and Your Rights. "The WTO's survival hinges on the COVID-19 vaccine patent debate, waiver advocates warn," Fortune, June 18, 2021. https://fortune.com/2021/06/18/wto-covid-vaccines-patents-waiver-south-africa-trips/~~ TDI Post Covid WTO legitimacy and credibility necessary to prevent a downward spiral of protectionism.Solís 20 ~(Mireya Solís is director of the Center for East Asia Policy Studies, Philip Knight Chair in Japan Studies, and a senior fellow in the Foreign Policy program at Brookings. "The post COVID-19 world: Economic nationalism triumphant?" July 10, 2020. https://www.brookings.edu/blog/order-from-chaos/2020/07/10/the-post-covid-19-world-economic-nationalism-triumphant/~~ TDI Trade solves great power competition – regionalism causes militarized crises.Lake 18 ~(David Lake is a Professor of Social Sciences and Distinguished Professor of Political Science at the University of California, San Diego. "Economic Openness and Great Power Competition: Lessons for China and the United States," April 30, 2018. https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3171196/~~ TDI Independently, WTO cred solves nuclear war – allows an off-track for nuclear weapons.Hamann 09 ~(Georgia Hamann is a J.D. Candidate, Vanderbilt University Law School, "Replacing Slingshots with Swords: Implications of the Antigua-Gambling 22.6 Panel Report for Developing Countries and the World Trading System," 2009.~ TDI | 10/15/21 |
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