Lake Highland Verma Aff
| Tournament | Round | Opponent | Judge | Cites | Round Report | Open Source | Edit/Delete |
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| All | Finals | You | Prateek |
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| Blue Key | Quads | no one | no one |
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| Blue Key | 2 | Bellarmine AK | Tajaih Robinson |
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| Blue Key | 3 | American Heritage MR | Curtis Chang |
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| Blue Key | 6 | Strake Jesuit MS | Rohith Sudhakar |
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| Bronx | 3 | Walt Whitman EY | Conal Thomas-McGinnis |
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| Bronx | 2 | Millburn AX | Sesh Joe |
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| Bronx | 5 | Basis Peoria PY | Ben Cortez |
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| Bronx | Doubles | Harrison AC | Passa Pungchai - Nathan Frenkel - Justin Flynn |
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| Emory | 1 | Peninsula AL | Dave McGinnis |
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| Emory | 6 | Harrison AC | Annie Wang but not that one |
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| Emory | Triples | Lexington AKu | JP Stuckert - Dylan Jones - Jalyn Wu |
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| Emory | 4 | Strake Jesuit JS | Sam Larson |
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| FFL State | Quarters | Olympia OE | Abilash Datti - Spencer Orlowski - William Gonzalez |
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| FFL States | Quads | All | all |
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| FFL States | 3 | Olympia BO | Abhilash Datti |
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| FFL States | 1 | JP Taravella AS | Spencer Orlowski |
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| FFL States | 6 | American Heritage Broward SS | Lotem Levy |
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| Glenbrooks | 1 | Harker AR | Lukas Krause |
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| Glenbrooks | 4 | Harrison EM | Mark Kivimaki |
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| Glenbrooks | 5 | Houston Memorial DX | Raunak Dua |
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| Glenbrooks | Doubles | Basis Peoria PY | Holden Bukowsky - River Cook - Avery Wilson |
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| Harvard | 5 | Catonsville AT | Jenn Melin |
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| Harvard | 2 | Durham RL | Ausha Curry |
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| Harvard | 3 | Bergen County AK | Quinn Hughes |
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| Harvard | 7 | Strake Jesuit KS | Jacob Palmer |
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| Harvard | Triples | Scarsdale BS | Andrew Garber - Jenn Melin - Jacob Palmer |
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| Harvard | Doubles | Northern Valley JS | Josh Porter - Amelia Ritenour - David Herrera |
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| Lexington | 5 | Oxford VM | William Freedman |
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| Lexington | 1 | Catonsville AT | Ria Bhandarkar |
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| Lexington | 4 | Sharon RG | Faizaan Dossani |
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| Palm Classic | 1 | Basis Independent Silicon Valley JK | Brianna Aaron |
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| Palm Classic | 3 | Immaculate Heart SS | John Boals |
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| Palm Classic | 6 | Marlborough VA | Dhruv Ahuja |
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| Sunvite | 1 | Albequerque AK | Jacob Palmer |
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| Sunvite | 3 | Murphy AW | Sierra Romero |
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| Sunvite | 4 | Apple Valley KW | Daniel Shatzkin |
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| Tournament of Champions | 2 | Harker RT | Samantha McLoughlin |
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| Valley | 2 | Millard North RL | Anthony Cui |
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| Valley | 3 | American Heritage PG | Rohit Lakshman |
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| Valley | 5 | American Heritage Plantation SS | Keshav Dandu |
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| Valley Round Robin | 1 | Lexington BF | Wyatt Hatfield - Alex Dumas |
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| Valley Round Robin | 3 | Murphy AW | TJ Maher - Rishi Mukherjee |
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| Valley Round Robin | 4 | Sequoia AS | Carlos Carrasco - Sam Larson |
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| Yale | 6 | Loveless Academy RR | Saied Beckford |
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| Yale Invitational | 4 | Montville SH | Animesh Joshi |
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| Yale Invitational | 1 | Scarsdale JT | Favian Sun |
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| hi | 7 | yeet | yeet |
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| Tournament | Round | Report |
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| All | Finals | Opponent: You | Judge: Prateek Dingus |
| Blue Key | 2 | Opponent: Bellarmine AK | Judge: Tajaih Robinson 1AC - Pettit |
| Blue Key | 3 | Opponent: American Heritage MR | Judge: Curtis Chang 1AC - Pettit |
| Blue Key | 6 | Opponent: Strake Jesuit MS | Judge: Rohith Sudhakar 1AC - Pettit |
| Bronx | 3 | Opponent: Walt Whitman EY | Judge: Conal Thomas-McGinnis 1AC - Kant |
| Bronx | 2 | Opponent: Millburn AX | Judge: Sesh Joe 1AC - Kant |
| Bronx | 5 | Opponent: Basis Peoria PY | Judge: Ben Cortez 1AC - Data Exclusivity |
| Bronx | Doubles | Opponent: Harrison AC | Judge: Passa Pungchai - Nathan Frenkel - Justin Flynn 1AC - Data Exclusivity |
| Emory | 1 | Opponent: Peninsula AL | Judge: Dave McGinnis 1AC - Hegel |
| Emory | 6 | Opponent: Harrison AC | Judge: Annie Wang but not that one 1AC - Util |
| Emory | Triples | Opponent: Lexington AKu | Judge: JP Stuckert - Dylan Jones - Jalyn Wu 1AC - Hegel |
| Emory | 4 | Opponent: Strake Jesuit JS | Judge: Sam Larson 1AC - FALC |
| FFL State | Quarters | Opponent: Olympia OE | Judge: Abilash Datti - Spencer Orlowski - William Gonzalez 1AC - Rawls |
| FFL States | 3 | Opponent: Olympia BO | Judge: Abhilash Datti 1AC - Meet Your Interps - Rawls AC |
| FFL States | 1 | Opponent: JP Taravella AS | Judge: Spencer Orlowski 1AC - Rawls |
| FFL States | 6 | Opponent: American Heritage Broward SS | Judge: Lotem Levy 1AC - Rawls |
| Glenbrooks | 1 | Opponent: Harker AR | Judge: Lukas Krause 1AC - Comrade |
| Glenbrooks | 4 | Opponent: Harrison EM | Judge: Mark Kivimaki 1AC - Agonism |
| Glenbrooks | 5 | Opponent: Houston Memorial DX | Judge: Raunak Dua 1AC - Pettit |
| Glenbrooks | Doubles | Opponent: Basis Peoria PY | Judge: Holden Bukowsky - River Cook - Avery Wilson 1AC - Comrade |
| Harvard | 5 | Opponent: Catonsville AT | Judge: Jenn Melin 1AC - Hegel |
| Harvard | 2 | Opponent: Durham RL | Judge: Ausha Curry 1AC - FALC |
| Harvard | 3 | Opponent: Bergen County AK | Judge: Quinn Hughes 1AC - FALC |
| Harvard | 7 | Opponent: Strake Jesuit KS | Judge: Jacob Palmer 1AC - FALC |
| Harvard | Triples | Opponent: Scarsdale BS | Judge: Andrew Garber - Jenn Melin - Jacob Palmer 1AC - Hegel |
| Harvard | Doubles | Opponent: Northern Valley JS | Judge: Josh Porter - Amelia Ritenour - David Herrera 1AC - FALC |
| Lexington | 5 | Opponent: Oxford VM | Judge: William Freedman 1AC - Hegel |
| Lexington | 1 | Opponent: Catonsville AT | Judge: Ria Bhandarkar 1AC - FALC |
| Lexington | 4 | Opponent: Sharon RG | Judge: Faizaan Dossani 1AC - FALC |
| Palm Classic | 1 | Opponent: Basis Independent Silicon Valley JK | Judge: Brianna Aaron 1AC - FALC |
| Palm Classic | 3 | Opponent: Immaculate Heart SS | Judge: John Boals 1AC - FALC |
| Palm Classic | 6 | Opponent: Marlborough VA | Judge: Dhruv Ahuja 1AC - FALC |
| Sunvite | 1 | Opponent: Albequerque AK | Judge: Jacob Palmer 1AC - Kant |
| Sunvite | 3 | Opponent: Murphy AW | Judge: Sierra Romero 1AC - FALC |
| Sunvite | 4 | Opponent: Apple Valley KW | Judge: Daniel Shatzkin 1AC - FALC |
| Tournament of Champions | 2 | Opponent: Harker RT | Judge: Samantha McLoughlin 1AC - Hegel |
| Valley | 2 | Opponent: Millard North RL | Judge: Anthony Cui 1AC - Kant |
| Valley | 3 | Opponent: American Heritage PG | Judge: Rohit Lakshman 1AC - Kant |
| Valley | 5 | Opponent: American Heritage Plantation SS | Judge: Keshav Dandu 1AC - Kant |
| Valley Round Robin | 1 | Opponent: Lexington BF | Judge: Wyatt Hatfield - Alex Dumas 1AC - Kant |
| Valley Round Robin | 3 | Opponent: Murphy AW | Judge: TJ Maher - Rishi Mukherjee 1AC - Kant |
| Valley Round Robin | 4 | Opponent: Sequoia AS | Judge: Carlos Carrasco - Sam Larson 1AC - Kant |
| Yale | 6 | Opponent: Loveless Academy RR | Judge: Saied Beckford 1AC - Data Exclusivity |
| Yale Invitational | 4 | Opponent: Montville SH | Judge: Animesh Joshi 1AC - Kant |
| Yale Invitational | 1 | Opponent: Scarsdale JT | Judge: Favian Sun 1AC - kant |
| hi | 7 | Opponent: yeet | Judge: yeet yeet |
To modify or delete round reports, edit the associated round.
Cites
| Entry | Date |
|---|---|
0 - ContactTournament: hi | Round: 7 | Opponent: yeet | Judge: yeet | 9/18/21 |
0 - FFL States DisclosureTournament: FFL States | Round: Quads | Opponent: All | Judge: all | 3/5/22 |
0 - Note for Blue Key PairingsTournament: Blue Key | Round: Quads | Opponent: no one | Judge: no one | 10/29/21 |
1 - 1AR Theory - AFCTournament: Blue Key | Round: 3 | Opponent: American Heritage MR | Judge: Curtis Chang | 10/30/21 |
1 - 1AR Theory - Must Have Advocacy TextTournament: Bronx | Round: 3 | Opponent: Walt Whitman EY | Judge: Conal Thomas-McGinnis | 10/16/21 |
1 - 1AR Theory - Must Have Advocacy Text v2Tournament: Blue Key | Round: 3 | Opponent: American Heritage MR | Judge: Curtis Chang | 10/30/21 |
1 - 1AR Theory - NLCTournament: Bronx | Round: 3 | Opponent: Walt Whitman EY | Judge: Conal Thomas-McGinnis | 10/16/21 |
1 - K - DeterminismTournament: Valley | Round: 5 | Opponent: American Heritage Plantation SS | Judge: Keshav Dandu This is repugnant – advocating determinism actually causes unethical actions – rigorous empirics, Vohs and Schooler 08,Kathleen D. Vohs, ~Kathleen Vohs, Distinguished McKnight University Professor and Land O'Lakes Chair in Marketing, works to understand and communicate the basics of how people think, feel, and behave in order to make sense of marketplace and organizational outcomes. Vohs's research specialties include self-control, the hidden costs of decision making, the psychology of money, the difference between a meaningful and happy life, and heterosexual sexual negotiations. She has authored more than 250 scholarly publications and has been the editor of 9 books.~ and Jonathan W. Schooler, ~Jonathan earned his BA at Hamilton College in 1981 and his Ph. D. at the University of Washington in 1987. He joined the psychology faculty of the University of Pittsburgh as an assistant professor that same year and became a research scientist at Pittsburgh's Learning Research and Development Center.~, "The Value of Believing in Free Will: Encouraging a Belief in Determinism Increases Cheating," February 2008, https://assets.csom.umn.edu/assets/91974.pdf. LHP AV Accessed 12/1/20 *methodology is in the block of text in the middle* AND denying free will simply provides the ultimate excuse to behave as one likes. Voting issue – A~ accessibility – people can justify their repugnant actions – pushes people out who have experienced past violence and allows people to justify future violence –judges have an obligation to make sure people don’t feel unsafe B~ cheating – the judge’s a priori obligation as an educator is to prevent actions that encourage cheating – outweighs on proximity. | 10/16/21 |
JF22 - AC - Fully Automated Luxury Space Communism v01Tournament: Sunvite | Round: 3 | Opponent: Murphy AW | Judge: Sierra Romero 1acPart 1 – The Future of CapitalismAsteroid mining opens up the possibility of a utopian world of luxury in which the logic of scarcity along with capitalist exploitation no longer exists. However, private monopolization of asteroid mining will destroy the dream of space communism, dooming us, BASTANI 2019Bastani, A. (2019). Fully automated luxury communism. Verso Books. AND on Earth while maintaining price stability and guaranteeing huge profits for mining companies. Thus, I affirm the resolution, resolved: The appropriation of outer space by private entities is unjust. Private asteroid mining will make outer space the realm of the capitalists and new forms of exploitation, up to extermination. However, Fully Automated Luxury Communism avoids this fate – and it’s only possible with a populist movement focused on the unified end goal of space communism, BASTANI 2Bastani, A. (2019). Fully automated luxury communism. Verso Books. AND the good society where decline is marginally slower than it might otherwise be. The aff fiats enforcement of the Outer Space Treaty through the mechanism of the Madrid Protocol, making space socialized and orienting us under a unified horizon towards space communism, Bastani 3,Bastani, A. (2019). Fully automated luxury communism. Verso Books. AND is that scarcity will always exist. Except now we know it won’t. Part 2 – Space Communism is the MethodWith the abundance of outer space and new technologies, it is possible achieve a new communism characterized by international luxury. Only a communist, populous politics that deviates from traditional capitalist usage of technology and resources can solve capitalism. Thus, the role of the ballot is to vote for the debater who best resists capitalism through luxury populism, BASTANI 4,Bastani, A. (2019). Fully automated luxury communism. Verso Books. AND and the state, won’t rest in ensuring FALC never comes to pass. Fidelity to the truth frames all populist movements – success is only possible with dedication to a shared horizon, Dean 19:Dean, Jodi. Comrade: An essay on political belonging. Verso, 2019. LHP BT + LHP PS AND that comrade relations produce. It concentrates comradeship even as comradeship exceeds it. Part 3 – Apocalypse NowTechnology and infinite supply will either save the collective or kill it. Only FALC can solve international crises through utilizing space’s abundant resources to support the Earth, not destroy it, BASTANI 5Bastani, A. (2019). Fully automated luxury communism. Verso Books. AND . The binding decisions on all of us that we collectively choose to make Capitalism is a death cult and the apocalypse is already happening. Without an unshakable commitment to the total and complete rejection of the fetishization of capitalist value, we will all die like the dinosaurs, Allinson 21Allinson, J. (2021). The tragedy of the worker: towards the proletarocene. Verso Books. pg 8-17 AND of ‘adaptation’ has become the ideology of capitalism’s triumph over all life. Capitalist reactionary political influence is the root cause of Climate Change denial – capitalism needs climate change to survive, and the market will never deliver a solution, FRASE 2Frase, P. (2016). Four futures: Life after capitalism. Verso books AND this agenda. We will return to all of this in Chapter 4. We are on the brink of a post-scarcity world for the rich, where they will no longer need us for their luxuries. If dictated by the capitalist regime through private appropriation, a post-scarcity world would mean the extermination of the working-class, FRASE 2016Frase, P. (2016). Four futures: Life after capitalism. Verso books LHP HL + LHP AB AND to wall off the rich from what are deemed to be surplus populations. | 2/20/22 |
JF22 - AC - Fully Automated Luxury Space Communism v02Tournament: Sunvite | Round: 4 | Opponent: Apple Valley KW | Judge: Daniel Shatzkin 1AC vs. Apple Valley KW Sunvite R51acPart 1 – The Future of CapitalismAsteroid mining opens up the possibility of a utopian world of luxury in which the logic of scarcity along with capitalist exploitation no longer exists. However, private monopolization of asteroid mining will destroy the dream of space communism, dooming us, BASTANI 2019Bastani, A. (2019). Fully automated luxury communism. Verso Books. AND on Earth while maintaining price stability and guaranteeing huge profits for mining companies. Thus, I affirm the resolution, resolved: The appropriation of outer space by private entities is unjust. Private asteroid mining will make outer space the realm of the capitalists and new forms of exploitation, up to extermination. However, Fully Automated Luxury Communism avoids this fate – and it’s only possible with a populist movement focused on the unified end goal of space communism, BASTANI 2Bastani, A. (2019). Fully automated luxury communism. Verso Books. AND the good society where decline is marginally slower than it might otherwise be. The aff fiats enforcement of the Outer Space Treaty through the mechanism of the Madrid Protocol, making space socialized and orienting us under a unified horizon towards space communism, Bastani 3,Bastani, A. (2019). Fully automated luxury communism. Verso Books. AND is that scarcity will always exist. Except now we know it won’t. Part 2 – Space Communism is the MethodWith the abundance of outer space and new technologies, it is possible achieve a new communism characterized by international luxury. Only a communist, populous politics that deviates from traditional capitalist usage of technology and resources can solve capitalism. Thus, the role of the ballot is to vote for the debater who best resists capitalism through luxury populism, BASTANI 4,Bastani, A. (2019). Fully automated luxury communism. Verso Books. AND and the state, won’t rest in ensuring FALC never comes to pass. Fidelity to the truth frames all populist movements – success is only possible with dedication to a shared horizon, Dean 19:Dean, Jodi. Comrade: An essay on political belonging. Verso, 2019. LHP BT + LHP PS AND that comrade relations produce. It concentrates comradeship even as comradeship exceeds it. Part 3 – Apocalypse NowTechnology and infinite supply will either save the collective or kill it. Only FALC can solve international crises through utilizing space’s abundant resources to support the Earth, not destroy it, BASTANI 5Bastani, A. (2019). Fully automated luxury communism. Verso Books. AND . The binding decisions on all of us that we collectively choose to make Capitalism is a death cult and the apocalypse is already happening. Without an unshakable commitment to the total and complete rejection of the fetishization of capitalist value, we will all die like the dinosaurs, Allinson 21Allinson, J. (2021). The tragedy of the worker: towards the proletarocene. Verso Books. pg 8-17 AND of ‘adaptation’ has become the ideology of capitalism’s triumph over all life. Capitalist reactionary political influence is the root cause of Climate Change denial – capitalism needs climate change to survive, and the market will never deliver a solution, FRASE 16:Frase, P. (2016). Four futures: Life after capitalism. Verso books AND this agenda. We will return to all of this in Chapter 4. We are on the brink of a post-scarcity world for the rich, where they will no longer need us for their luxuries. If dictated by the capitalist regime through private appropriation, a post-scarcity world would mean the extermination of the working-class, FRASE 2:Frase, P. (2016). Four futures: Life after capitalism. Verso books LHP HL + LHP AB AND to wall off the rich from what are deemed to be surplus populations. | 2/20/22 |
JF22 - AC - Fully Automated Luxury Space Communism v03Tournament: Lexington | Round: 1 | Opponent: Catonsville AT | Judge: Ria Bhandarkar 1acPart 1 – The Future of CapitalismAsteroid mining opens up the possibility of a utopian world of luxury in which the logic of scarcity along with capitalist exploitation no longer exists. However, private monopolization of asteroid mining will destroy the dream of space communism, dooming us, BASTANI 2019Bastani, A. (2019). Fully automated luxury communism. Verso Books. AND on Earth while maintaining price stability and guaranteeing huge profits for mining companies. Thus, I affirm the resolution, resolved: The appropriation of outer space by private entities is unjust. Private asteroid mining will make outer space the realm of the capitalists and new forms of exploitation, up to extermination. However, Fully Automated Luxury Communism avoids this fate – and it’s only possible with a populist movement focused on the unified end goal of space communism, BASTANI 2Bastani, A. (2019). Fully automated luxury communism. Verso Books. AND the good society where decline is marginally slower than it might otherwise be. The aff fiats enforcement of the Outer Space Treaty through the mechanism of the Madrid Protocol, making space socialized and orienting us under a unified horizon towards space communism, Bastani 3,Bastani, A. (2019). Fully automated luxury communism. Verso Books. AND is that scarcity will always exist. Except now we know it won’t. Part 2 – Space Communism is the MethodWith the abundance of outer space and new technologies, it is possible achieve a new communism characterized by international luxury. Only a communist, populous politics that deviates from traditional capitalist usage of technology and resources can solve capitalism. Thus, the role of the ballot is to vote for the debater who best resists capitalism through luxury populism, BASTANI 4,Bastani, A. (2019). Fully automated luxury communism. Verso Books. AND and the state, won’t rest in ensuring FALC never comes to pass. Fidelity to the truth frames all populist movements – success is only possible with dedication to a shared horizon, Dean 19:Dean, Jodi. Comrade: An essay on political belonging. Verso, 2019. LHP BT + LHP PS AND that comrade relations produce. It concentrates comradeship even as comradeship exceeds it. Part 3 – Apocalypse NowTechnology and infinite supply will either save the collective or kill it. Only FALC can solve international crises through utilizing space’s abundant resources to support the Earth, not destroy it, BASTANI 5Bastani, A. (2019). Fully automated luxury communism. Verso Books. AND . The binding decisions on all of us that we collectively choose to make Capitalism is a death cult and the apocalypse is already happening. Without an unshakable commitment to the total and complete rejection of the fetishization of capitalist value, we will all die like the dinosaurs, Allinson 21Allinson, J. (2021). The tragedy of the worker: towards the proletarocene. Verso Books. pg 8-17 AND of ‘adaptation’ has become the ideology of capitalism’s triumph over all life. Capitalist reactionary political influence is the root cause of Climate Change denial – capitalism needs climate change to survive, and the market will never deliver a solution, FRASE 16:Frase, P. (2016). Four futures: Life after capitalism. Verso books AND this agenda. We will return to all of this in Chapter 4. We are on the brink of a post-scarcity world for the rich, where they will no longer need us for their luxuries. If dictated by the capitalist regime through private appropriation, a post-scarcity world would mean the extermination of the working-class, FRASE 2:Frase, P. (2016). Four futures: Life after capitalism. Verso books LHP HL + LHP AB AND to wall off the rich from what are deemed to be surplus populations. | 2/20/22 |
JF22 - AC - Fully Automated Luxury Space Communism v04Tournament: Lexington | Round: 4 | Opponent: Sharon RG | Judge: Faizaan Dossani 1acPart 1 – The Future of CapitalismAsteroid mining opens up the possibility of a utopian world of luxury in which the logic of scarcity along with capitalist exploitation no longer exists. However, private monopolization of asteroid mining will destroy the dream of space communism, dooming us, BASTANI 2019Bastani, A. (2019). Fully automated luxury communism. Verso Books. AND on Earth while maintaining price stability and guaranteeing huge profits for mining companies. Thus, I affirm the resolution, resolved: The appropriation of outer space by private entities is unjust. Private asteroid mining will make outer space the realm of the capitalists and new forms of exploitation, up to extermination. However, Fully Automated Luxury Communism avoids this fate – and it’s only possible with a populist movement focused on the unified end goal of space communism, BASTANI 2Bastani, A. (2019). Fully automated luxury communism. Verso Books. AND the good society where decline is marginally slower than it might otherwise be. The aff fiats enforcement of the Outer Space Treaty through the mechanism of the Madrid Protocol, making space socialized and orienting us under a unified horizon towards space communism, Bastani 3,Bastani, A. (2019). Fully automated luxury communism. Verso Books. AND is that scarcity will always exist. Except now we know it won’t. Part 2 – Space Communism is the MethodWith the abundance of outer space and new technologies, it is possible achieve a new communism characterized by international luxury. Only a communist, populous politics that deviates from traditional capitalist usage of technology and resources can solve capitalism. Thus, the role of the ballot is to vote for the debater who best resists capitalism through luxury populism, BASTANI 4,Bastani, A. (2019). Fully automated luxury communism. Verso Books. AND and the state, won’t rest in ensuring FALC never comes to pass. Fidelity to the truth frames all populist movements – success is only possible with dedication to a shared horizon, Dean 19:Dean, Jodi. Comrade: An essay on political belonging. Verso, 2019. LHP BT + LHP PS AND that comrade relations produce. It concentrates comradeship even as comradeship exceeds it. Part 3 – Apocalypse NowTechnology and infinite supply will either save the collective or kill it. Only FALC can solve international crises through utilizing space’s abundant resources to support the Earth, not destroy it, BASTANI 5Bastani, A. (2019). Fully automated luxury communism. Verso Books. AND . The binding decisions on all of us that we collectively choose to make Capitalism is a death cult and the apocalypse is already happening. Without an unshakable commitment to the total and complete rejection of the fetishization of capitalist value, we will all die like the dinosaurs, Allinson 21Allinson, J. (2021). The tragedy of the worker: towards the proletarocene. Verso Books. pg 8-17 AND of ‘adaptation’ has become the ideology of capitalism’s triumph over all life. Capitalist reactionary political influence is the root cause of Climate Change denial – capitalism needs climate change to survive, and the market will never deliver a solution, FRASE 16:Frase, P. (2016). Four futures: Life after capitalism. Verso books AND this agenda. We will return to all of this in Chapter 4. We are on the brink of a post-scarcity world for the rich, where they will no longer need us for their luxuries. If dictated by the capitalist regime through private appropriation, a post-scarcity world would mean the extermination of the working-class, FRASE 2:Frase, P. (2016). Four futures: Life after capitalism. Verso books LHP HL + LHP AB AND to wall off the rich from what are deemed to be surplus populations. | 2/20/22 |
JF22 - AC - Fully Automated Luxury Space Communism v05Tournament: Emory | Round: 4 | Opponent: Strake Jesuit JS | Judge: Sam Larson 1acPart 1 – The Future of CapitalismAsteroid mining opens up the possibility of a utopian world of luxury in which the logic of scarcity along with capitalist exploitation no longer exists. However, private monopolization of asteroid mining will destroy the dream of space communism, dooming us, BASTANI 2019Bastani, A. (2019). Fully automated luxury communism. Verso Books. AND on Earth while maintaining price stability and guaranteeing huge profits for mining companies. Thus, I affirm the resolution, resolved: The appropriation of outer space by private entities is unjust. Private asteroid mining will make outer space the realm of the capitalists and new forms of exploitation, up to extermination. However, Fully Automated Luxury Communism avoids this fate – and it’s only possible with a populist movement focused on the unified end goal of space communism, BASTANI 2Bastani, A. (2019). Fully automated luxury communism. Verso Books. AND the good society where decline is marginally slower than it might otherwise be. The aff fiats enforcement of the Outer Space Treaty through the mechanism of the Madrid Protocol, making space socialized and orienting us under a unified horizon towards space communism, Bastani 3,Bastani, A. (2019). Fully automated luxury communism. Verso Books. AND is that scarcity will always exist. Except now we know it won’t. Part 2 – Space Communism is the MethodWith the abundance of outer space and new technologies, it is possible achieve a new communism characterized by international luxury. Only a communist, populous politics that deviates from traditional capitalist usage of technology and resources can solve capitalism. Thus, the role of the ballot is to vote for the debater who best resists capitalism through luxury populism, BASTANI 4,Bastani, A. (2019). Fully automated luxury communism. Verso Books. AND and the state, won’t rest in ensuring FALC never comes to pass. Fidelity to the truth frames all populist movements – success is only possible with dedication to a shared horizon, Dean 19:Dean, Jodi. Comrade: An essay on political belonging. Verso, 2019. LHP BT + LHP PS AND that comrade relations produce. It concentrates comradeship even as comradeship exceeds it. Part 3 – Apocalypse NowTechnology and infinite supply will either save the collective or kill it. Only FALC can solve international crises through utilizing space’s abundant resources to support the Earth, not destroy it, BASTANI 5Bastani, A. (2019). Fully automated luxury communism. Verso Books. AND . The binding decisions on all of us that we collectively choose to make Capitalism is a death cult and the apocalypse is already happening. Without an unshakable commitment to the total and complete rejection of the fetishization of capitalist value, we will all die like the dinosaurs, Allinson 21Allinson, J. (2021). The tragedy of the worker: towards the proletarocene. Verso Books. pg 8-17 AND of ‘adaptation’ has become the ideology of capitalism’s triumph over all life. Capitalist reactionary political influence is the root cause of Climate Change denial – capitalism needs climate change to survive, and the market will never deliver a solution, FRASE 2Frase, P. (2016). Four futures: Life after capitalism. Verso books AND this agenda. We will return to all of this in Chapter 4. We are on the brink of a post-scarcity world for the rich, where they will no longer need us for their luxuries. If dictated by the capitalist regime through private appropriation, a post-scarcity world would mean the extermination of the working-class, FRASE 2016Frase, P. (2016). Four futures: Life after capitalism. Verso books LHP HL + LHP AB AND to wall off the rich from what are deemed to be surplus populations. | 2/20/22 |
JF22 - AC - Fully Automated Luxury Space Communism v06Tournament: Palm Classic | Round: 1 | Opponent: Basis Independent Silicon Valley JK | Judge: Brianna Aaron 1acPart 1 – The Future of CapitalismAsteroid mining opens up the possibility of a utopian world of luxury in which the logic of scarcity along with capitalist exploitation no longer exists. However, private monopolization of asteroid mining will destroy the dream of space communism, dooming us, BASTANI 1 2019Bastani, A. (2019). Fully automated luxury communism. Verso Books. AND on Earth while maintaining price stability and guaranteeing huge profits for mining companies. Thus, I affirm the resolution, resolved: The appropriation of outer space by private entities is unjust. Private asteroid mining will make outer space the realm of the capitalists and new forms of exploitation, up to extermination. However, Fully Automated Luxury Communism avoids this fate – and it’s only possible with a populist movement focused on the unified end goal of space communism. The aff fiats enforcement of the Outer Space Treaty through the mechanism of the Madrid Protocol, making space socialized and orienting us under a unified horizon towards space communism, Bastani 2,Bastani, A. (2019). Fully automated luxury communism. Verso Books. AND is that scarcity will always exist. Except now we know it won’t. With the abundance of outer space and new technologies, it is possible achieve a new communism characterized by international luxury. Only a communist, populous politics that deviates from traditional capitalist usage of technology and resources can solve capitalism while ensuring green living. BASTANI 3,Bastani, A. (2019). Fully automated luxury communism. Verso Books. AND and the state, won’t rest in ensuring FALC never comes to pass. Part 2 – Apocalypse NowTechnology and infinite supply will either save the collective or kill it. Only FALC can solve international crises through utilizing space’s abundant resources to support the Earth, not destroy it, BASTANI 4Bastani, A. (2019). Fully automated luxury communism. Verso Books. AND . The binding decisions on all of us that we collectively choose to make Capitalism is a death cult and the apocalypse is already happening. Without an unshakable commitment to the total and complete rejection of the fetishization of capitalist value, we will all die like the dinosaurs, Allinson 21Allinson, J. (2021). The tragedy of the worker: towards the proletarocene. Verso Books. pg 8-17 AND of ‘adaptation’ has become the ideology of capitalism’s triumph over all life. We are on the brink of a post-scarcity world for the rich, where they will no longer need us for their luxuries. If dictated by the capitalist regime through private appropriation, a post-scarcity world would mean the extermination of the working-class, FRASE 2016Frase, P. (2016). Four futures: Life after capitalism. Verso books LHP HL + LHP AB AND to wall off the rich from what are deemed to be surplus populations. Part 3 – Luxury PopulismAnti-capitalism must learn to compete with capitalism in the realm of desire, taking existing capitalist structures like the state and repurposing them to create Marxist possibility. Thus, we must transform our libidinal desires and direction of thought against capitalism – the aff does this through a unified horizon towards FALC – Heron:Heron, Kai. "Journal of the Marxist Literary Group." Mediations, https://mediationsjournal.org/articles/still-a-world. LHP PS AND might outlast neoliberalism by compromising with precisely such social-democratic projects.26 The role of the ballot is fidelity to the truth – unified dedication to a shared horizon is liberatory – the affirmative’s horizon is FALC, Dean 19:Dean, Jodi. Comrade: An essay on political belonging. Verso, 2019. LHP BT + LHP PS AND that comrade relations produce. It concentrates comradeship even as comradeship exceeds it. And, space optimism is key to resisting capitalism – it goes against dominant capitalist narratives and enables a unified social movement against capitalism, Levin 2021,Annie Levin, 16 Aug 2021, https://christiansocialism.com/space-travel-capitalism-communism-fully-automated-luxury-dsa/ LHP AB AND space, but not until we fulfill our destiny right here on Earth. | 2/20/22 |
JF22 - AC - Fully Automated Luxury Space Communism v07Tournament: Palm Classic | Round: 3 | Opponent: Immaculate Heart SS | Judge: John Boals 1AC Palm Classic R1 vs. Basis Silicon Valley JK1acPart 1 – The Future of CapitalismAsteroid mining opens up the possibility of a utopian world of luxury in which the logic of scarcity along with capitalist exploitation no longer exists. However, private monopolization of asteroid mining will destroy the dream of space communism, dooming us, BASTANI 1 2019Bastani, A. (2019). Fully automated luxury communism. Verso Books. AND on Earth while maintaining price stability and guaranteeing huge profits for mining companies. Thus, I affirm the resolution, resolved: The appropriation of outer space by private entities is unjust. Private asteroid mining will make outer space the realm of the capitalists and new forms of exploitation, up to extermination. However, Fully Automated Luxury Communism avoids this fate – and it’s only possible with a populist movement focused on the unified end goal of space communism. The aff fiats enforcement of the Outer Space Treaty through the mechanism of the Madrid Protocol, making space socialized and orienting us under a unified horizon towards space communism, Bastani 2,Bastani, A. (2019). Fully automated luxury communism. Verso Books. AND is that scarcity will always exist. Except now we know it won’t. With the abundance of outer space and new technologies, it is possible achieve a new communism characterized by international luxury. Only a communist, populous politics that deviates from traditional capitalist usage of technology and resources can solve capitalism while ensuring green living. BASTANI 3,Bastani, A. (2019). Fully automated luxury communism. Verso Books. AND and the state, won’t rest in ensuring FALC never comes to pass. Part 2 – Apocalypse NowTechnology and infinite supply will either save the collective or kill it. Only FALC can solve international crises through utilizing space’s abundant resources to support the Earth, not destroy it, BASTANI 4Bastani, A. (2019). Fully automated luxury communism. Verso Books. AND . The binding decisions on all of us that we collectively choose to make Capitalism is a death cult and the apocalypse is already happening. Without an unshakable commitment to the total and complete rejection of the fetishization of capitalist value, we will all die like the dinosaurs, Allinson 21Allinson, J. (2021). The tragedy of the worker: towards the proletarocene. Verso Books. pg 8-17 AND of ‘adaptation’ has become the ideology of capitalism’s triumph over all life. We are on the brink of a post-scarcity world for the rich, where they will no longer need us for their luxuries. If dictated by the capitalist regime through private appropriation, a post-scarcity world would mean the extermination of the working-class, FRASE 2016Frase, P. (2016). Four futures: Life after capitalism. Verso books LHP HL + LHP AB AND to wall off the rich from what are deemed to be surplus populations. Part 3 – Luxury PopulismAnti-capitalism must learn to compete with capitalism in the realm of desire, taking existing capitalist structures like the state and repurposing them to create Marxist possibility. Thus, we must transform our libidinal desires and direction of thought against capitalism – the aff does this through a unified horizon towards FALC – Heron:Heron, Kai. "Journal of the Marxist Literary Group." Mediations, https://mediationsjournal.org/articles/still-a-world. LHP PS AND might outlast neoliberalism by compromising with precisely such social-democratic projects.26 The role of the ballot is fidelity to the truth – unified dedication to a shared horizon is liberatory – the affirmative’s horizon is FALC, Dean 19:Dean, Jodi. Comrade: An essay on political belonging. Verso, 2019. LHP BT + LHP PS AND that comrade relations produce. It concentrates comradeship even as comradeship exceeds it. And, space optimism is key to resisting capitalism – it goes against dominant capitalist narratives and enables a unified social movement against capitalism, Levin 2021,Annie Levin, 16 Aug 2021, https://christiansocialism.com/space-travel-capitalism-communism-fully-automated-luxury-dsa/ LHP AB AND space, but not until we fulfill our destiny right here on Earth. | 2/20/22 |
JF22 - AC - Fully Automated Luxury Space Communism v08Tournament: Palm Classic | Round: 6 | Opponent: Marlborough VA | Judge: Dhruv Ahuja 1acPart 1 – The Future of CapitalismAsteroid mining opens up the possibility of a utopian world of luxury in which the logic of scarcity along with capitalist exploitation no longer exists. However, private monopolization of asteroid mining will destroy the dream of space communism, dooming us, BASTANI 1 2019Bastani, A. (2019). Fully automated luxury communism. Verso Books. AND on Earth while maintaining price stability and guaranteeing huge profits for mining companies. Thus, I affirm the resolution, resolved: The appropriation of outer space by private entities is unjust. Private asteroid mining will make outer space the realm of the capitalists and new forms of exploitation, up to extermination. However, Fully Automated Luxury Communism avoids this fate – and it’s only possible with a populist movement focused on the unified end goal of space communism. The aff fiats enforcement of the Outer Space Treaty through the mechanism of the Madrid Protocol, making space socialized and orienting us under a unified horizon towards space communism, Bastani 2,Bastani, A. (2019). ~British journalist and writer. He co-founded the left-wing media organisation Novara Media in 2011, and has hosted and co-hosted many of its podcasts and videos, Bastani has also written for The Guardian, London Review of Books, openDemocracy and Vice, and is known for his Twitter activity., t the Royal Holloway, University of London, Bastani completed a PhD.~ Fully automated luxury communism. Verso Books. AND is that scarcity will always exist. Except now we know it won’t. With the abundance of outer space and new technologies, it is possible achieve a new communism characterized by international luxury. Only a communist, populous politics that deviates from traditional capitalist usage of technology and resources can solve capitalism while ensuring green living. BASTANI 3,Bastani, A. (2019). Fully automated luxury communism. Verso Books. AND and the state, won’t rest in ensuring FALC never comes to pass. Part 2 – Apocalypse NowTechnology and infinite supply will either save the collective or kill it. Only FALC can solve international crises through utilizing space’s abundant resources to support the Earth, not destroy it, BASTANI 4Bastani, A. (2019). Fully automated luxury communism. Verso Books. AND . The binding decisions on all of us that we collectively choose to make Capitalism is a death cult and the apocalypse is already happening. Without an unshakable commitment to the total and complete rejection of the fetishization of capitalist value, we will all die like the dinosaurs, Allinson 21Allinson, J. (2021). The tragedy of the worker: towards the proletarocene. Verso Books. pg 8-17 AND of ‘adaptation’ has become the ideology of capitalism’s triumph over all life. We are on the brink of a post-scarcity world for the rich, where they will no longer need us for their luxuries. If dictated by the capitalist regime through private appropriation, a post-scarcity world would mean the extermination of the working-class, FRASE 2016Frase, P. (2016). Four futures: Life after capitalism. Verso books LHP HL + LHP AB AND to wall off the rich from what are deemed to be surplus populations. Part 3 – Luxury PopulismAnti-capitalism must learn to compete with capitalism in the realm of desire, taking existing capitalist structures like the state and repurposing them to create Marxist possibility. Thus, we must transform our libidinal desires and direction of thought against capitalism – the aff does this through a unified horizon towards FALC – Heron:Heron, Kai. "Journal of the Marxist Literary Group." Mediations, https://mediationsjournal.org/articles/still-a-world. LHP PS AND might outlast neoliberalism by compromising with precisely such social-democratic projects.26 The role of the ballot is fidelity to the truth – unified dedication to a shared horizon is liberatory – the affirmative’s horizon is FALC, Dean 19:Dean, Jodi. Comrade: An essay on political belonging. Verso, 2019. LHP BT + LHP PS AND that comrade relations produce. It concentrates comradeship even as comradeship exceeds it. And, space optimism is key to resisting capitalism – it goes against dominant capitalist narratives and enables a unified social movement against capitalism, Levin 2021,Annie Levin, 16 Aug 2021, https://christiansocialism.com/space-travel-capitalism-communism-fully-automated-luxury-dsa/ LHP AB AND space, but not until we fulfill our destiny right here on Earth. | 2/20/22 |
JF22 - AC - Fully Automated Luxury Space Communism v09Tournament: Harvard | Round: 2 | Opponent: Durham RL | Judge: Ausha Curry 1acPart 1 – The Future of CapitalismAsteroid mining opens up the possibility of a utopian world of luxury in which the logic of scarcity along with capitalist exploitation no longer exists. However, private monopolization of asteroid mining will destroy the dream of space communism, dooming us, BASTANI 1 2019Bastani, A. (2019). Fully automated luxury communism. Verso Books. AND on Earth while maintaining price stability and guaranteeing huge profits for mining companies. Thus, I affirm the resolution, resolved: The appropriation of outer space by private entities is unjust. Private asteroid mining will make outer space the realm of the capitalists and new forms of exploitation, up to extermination. However, Fully Automated Luxury Communism avoids this fate – and it’s only possible with a populist movement focused on the unified end goal of space communism. The aff fiats enforcement of the Outer Space Treaty through the mechanism of the Madrid Protocol, making space socialized and orienting us under a unified horizon towards space communism, Bastani 2,Bastani, A. (2019). Fully automated luxury communism. Verso Books. AND is that scarcity will always exist. Except now we know it won’t. With the abundance of outer space and new technologies, it is possible achieve a new communism characterized by international luxury. Only a communist, populous politics that deviates from traditional capitalist usage of technology and resources can solve capitalism while ensuring green living. BASTANI 3,Bastani, A. (2019). Fully automated luxury communism. Verso Books. AND and the state, won’t rest in ensuring FALC never comes to pass. Part 2 – Apocalypse NowTechnology and infinite supply will either save the collective or kill it. Only FALC can solve international crises through utilizing space’s abundant resources to support the Earth, not destroy it, BASTANI 4Bastani, A. (2019). Fully automated luxury communism. Verso Books. AND . The binding decisions on all of us that we collectively choose to make Capitalism is a death cult and the apocalypse is already happening. Without an unshakable commitment to the total and complete rejection of the fetishization of capitalist value, we will all die like the dinosaurs, Allinson 21Allinson, J. (2021). The tragedy of the worker: towards the proletarocene. Verso Books. pg 8-17 AND of ‘adaptation’ has become the ideology of capitalism’s triumph over all life. We are on the brink of a post-scarcity world for the rich, where they will no longer need us for their luxuries. If dictated by the capitalist regime through private appropriation, a post-scarcity world would mean the extermination of the working-class, FRASE 2016Frase, P. (2016). Four futures: Life after capitalism. Verso books LHP HL + LHP AB AND to wall off the rich from what are deemed to be surplus populations. Part 3 – Luxury PopulismAnti-capitalism must learn to compete with capitalism in the realm of desire, taking existing capitalist structures like the state and repurposing them to create Marxist possibility. Thus, we must transform our libidinal desires and direction of thought against capitalism – the aff does this through a unified horizon towards FALC – Heron:Heron, Kai. "Journal of the Marxist Literary Group." Mediations, https://mediationsjournal.org/articles/still-a-world. LHP PS AND might outlast neoliberalism by compromising with precisely such social-democratic projects.26 The role of the ballot is fidelity to the truth – unified dedication to a shared horizon is liberatory – the affirmative’s horizon is FALC, Dean 19:Dean, Jodi. Comrade: An essay on political belonging. Verso, 2019. LHP BT + LHP PS AND that comrade relations produce. It concentrates comradeship even as comradeship exceeds it. And, space optimism is key to resisting capitalism – it goes against dominant capitalist narratives and enables a unified social movement against capitalism, Levin 2021,Annie Levin, 16 Aug 2021, https://christiansocialism.com/space-travel-capitalism-communism-fully-automated-luxury-dsa/ LHP AB AND space, but not until we fulfill our destiny right here on Earth. | 2/20/22 |
JF22 - AC - Fully Automated Luxury Space Communism v10Tournament: Harvard | Round: 3 | Opponent: Bergen County AK | Judge: Quinn Hughes 1AC Harvard R3 vs. Bergen AK1acPart 1 – The Future of CapitalismAsteroid mining opens up the possibility of a utopian world of luxury in which the logic of scarcity along with capitalist exploitation no longer exists. However, private monopolization of asteroid mining will destroy the dream of space communism, dooming us, BASTANI 1 2019Bastani, A. (2019). Fully automated luxury communism. Verso Books. AND on Earth while maintaining price stability and guaranteeing huge profits for mining companies. Thus, I affirm the resolution, resolved: The appropriation of outer space by private entities is unjust. Private asteroid mining will make outer space the realm of the capitalists and new forms of exploitation, up to extermination. However, Fully Automated Luxury Communism avoids this fate – and it’s only possible with a populist movement focused on the unified end goal of space communism. The aff fiats enforcement of the Outer Space Treaty through the mechanism of the Madrid Protocol, making space socialized and orienting us under a unified horizon towards space communism, Bastani 2,Bastani, A. (2019). Fully automated luxury communism. Verso Books. AND is that scarcity will always exist. Except now we know it won’t. With the abundance of outer space and new technologies, it is possible achieve a new communism characterized by international luxury. Only a communist, populous politics that deviates from traditional capitalist usage of technology and resources can solve capitalism while ensuring green living. BASTANI 3,Bastani, A. (2019). Fully automated luxury communism. Verso Books. AND and the state, won’t rest in ensuring FALC never comes to pass. Part 2 – Apocalypse NowTechnology and infinite supply will either save the collective or kill it. Only FALC can solve international crises through utilizing space’s abundant resources to support the Earth, not destroy it, BASTANI 4Bastani, A. (2019). Fully automated luxury communism. Verso Books. AND . The binding decisions on all of us that we collectively choose to make Capitalism is a death cult and the apocalypse is already happening. Without an unshakable commitment to the total and complete rejection of the fetishization of capitalist value, we will all die like the dinosaurs, Allinson 21Allinson, J. (2021). The tragedy of the worker: towards the proletarocene. Verso Books. pg 8-17 AND of ‘adaptation’ has become the ideology of capitalism’s triumph over all life. We are on the brink of a post-scarcity world for the rich, where they will no longer need us for their luxuries. If dictated by the capitalist regime through private appropriation, a post-scarcity world would mean the extermination of the working-class, FRASE 2016Frase, P. (2016). Four futures: Life after capitalism. Verso books LHP HL + LHP AB AND to wall off the rich from what are deemed to be surplus populations. Part 3 – Luxury PopulismAnti-capitalism must learn to compete with capitalism in the realm of desire, taking existing capitalist structures like the state and repurposing them to create Marxist possibility. Thus, we must transform our libidinal desires and direction of thought against capitalism – the aff does this through a unified horizon towards FALC – Heron:Heron, Kai. "Journal of the Marxist Literary Group." Mediations, https://mediationsjournal.org/articles/still-a-world. LHP PS AND might outlast neoliberalism by compromising with precisely such social-democratic projects.26 The role of the ballot is fidelity to the truth – unified dedication to a shared horizon is liberatory – the affirmative’s horizon is FALC, Dean 19:Dean, Jodi. Comrade: An essay on political belonging. Verso, 2019. LHP BT + LHP PS AND that comrade relations produce. It concentrates comradeship even as comradeship exceeds it. And, space optimism is key to resisting capitalism – it goes against dominant capitalist narratives and enables a unified social movement against capitalism, Levin 2021,Annie Levin, 16 Aug 2021, https://christiansocialism.com/space-travel-capitalism-communism-fully-automated-luxury-dsa/ LHP AB AND space, but not until we fulfill our destiny right here on Earth. | 2/20/22 |
JF22 - AC - Fully Automated Luxury Space Communism v11Tournament: Harvard | Round: 7 | Opponent: Strake Jesuit KS | Judge: Jacob Palmer 1acPart 1 – The Future of CapitalismAsteroid mining opens up the possibility of a utopian world of luxury in which the logic of scarcity along with capitalist exploitation no longer exists. However, private monopolization of asteroid mining will destroy the dream of space communism, dooming us, BASTANI 1 2019Bastani, A. (2019). Fully automated luxury communism. Verso Books. *I have both the physical book and a digital PDF available, but the PDF has different page numbers AND on Earth while maintaining price stability and guaranteeing huge profits for mining companies. Thus, I affirm the resolution, resolved: The appropriation of outer space by private entities is unjust. Private asteroid mining will make outer space the realm of the capitalists and new forms of exploitation, up to extermination. However, Fully Automated Luxury Communism avoids this fate – and it’s only possible with a populist movement focused on the unified end goal of space communism. The aff fiats enforcement of the Outer Space Treaty through the mechanism of the Madrid Protocol, making space socialized and orienting us under a unified horizon towards space communism, Bastani 2,Bastani, A. (2019). Fully automated luxury communism. Verso Books. AND is that scarcity will always exist. Except now we know it won’t. With the abundance of outer space and new technologies, it is possible achieve a new communism characterized by international luxury. Only a communist, populous politics that deviates from traditional capitalist usage of technology and resources can solve capitalism while ensuring green living. BASTANI 3,Bastani, A. (2019). Fully automated luxury communism. Verso Books. AND and the state, won’t rest in ensuring FALC never comes to pass. Part 2 – Apocalypse NowTechnology and infinite supply will either save the collective or kill it. Only FALC can solve international crises through utilizing space’s abundant resources to support the Earth, not destroy it, BASTANI 4Bastani, A. (2019). Fully automated luxury communism. Verso Books. AND . The binding decisions on all of us that we collectively choose to make Capitalism is a death cult and the apocalypse is already happening. Without an unshakable commitment to the total and complete rejection of the fetishization of capitalist value, we will all die like the dinosaurs, Allinson 21Allinson, J. (2021). The tragedy of the worker: towards the proletarocene. Verso Books. pg 8-17 AND of ‘adaptation’ has become the ideology of capitalism’s triumph over all life. We are on the brink of a post-scarcity world for the rich, where they will no longer need us for their luxuries. If dictated by the capitalist regime through private appropriation, a post-scarcity world would mean the extermination of the working-class, FRASE 2016Frase, P. (2016). Four futures: Life after capitalism. Verso books LHP HL + LHP AB AND to wall off the rich from what are deemed to be surplus populations. Part 3 – Luxury PopulismAnti-capitalism must learn to compete with capitalism in the realm of desire, taking existing capitalist structures like the state and repurposing them to create Marxist possibility. Thus, we must transform our libidinal desires and direction of thought against capitalism – the aff does this through a unified horizon towards FALC – Heron:Heron, Kai. "Journal of the Marxist Literary Group." Mediations, https://mediationsjournal.org/articles/still-a-world. LHP PS AND might outlast neoliberalism by compromising with precisely such social-democratic projects.26 The role of the ballot is fidelity to the truth – unified dedication to a shared horizon is liberatory – the affirmative’s horizon is FALC, Dean 19:Dean, Jodi. Comrade: An essay on political belonging. Verso, 2019. LHP BT + LHP PS AND that comrade relations produce. It concentrates comradeship even as comradeship exceeds it. And, space optimism is key to resisting capitalism – it goes against dominant capitalist narratives and enables a unified social movement against capitalism, Levin 2021,Annie Levin, 16 Aug 2021, https://christiansocialism.com/space-travel-capitalism-communism-fully-automated-luxury-dsa/ LHP AB AND space, but not until we fulfill our destiny right here on Earth. | 2/20/22 |
JF22 - AC - Fully Automated Luxury Space Communism v12Tournament: Harvard | Round: Doubles | Opponent: Northern Valley JS | Judge: Josh Porter - Amelia Ritenour - David Herrera 1AC Harvard Dubs vs. James Song1acPart 1 – The Future of CapitalismAsteroid mining opens up the possibility of a utopian world of luxury in which the logic of scarcity along with capitalist exploitation no longer exists. However, private monopolization of asteroid mining will destroy the dream of space communism, dooming us, BASTANI 1 2019Bastani, A. (2019). Fully automated luxury communism. Verso Books. *I have both the physical book and a digital PDF available, but the PDF has different page numbers AND on Earth while maintaining price stability and guaranteeing huge profits for mining companies. Thus, I affirm the resolution, resolved: The appropriation of outer space by private entities is unjust. Private asteroid mining will make outer space the realm of the capitalists and new forms of exploitation, up to extermination. However, Fully Automated Luxury Communism avoids this fate – and it’s only possible with a populist movement focused on the unified end goal of space communism. The aff fiats enforcement of the Outer Space Treaty through the mechanism of the Madrid Protocol, making space socialized and orienting us under a unified horizon towards space communism, Bastani 2,Bastani, A. (2019). Fully automated luxury communism. Verso Books. AND is that scarcity will always exist. Except now we know it won’t. With the abundance of outer space and new technologies, it is possible achieve a new communism characterized by international luxury. Only a communist, populous politics that deviates from traditional capitalist usage of technology and resources can solve capitalism while ensuring green living. BASTANI 3,Bastani, A. (2019). Fully automated luxury communism. Verso Books. AND and the state, won’t rest in ensuring FALC never comes to pass. Part 2 – Apocalypse NowTechnology and infinite supply will either save the collective or kill it. Only FALC can solve international crises through utilizing space’s abundant resources to support the Earth, not destroy it, BASTANI 4Bastani, A. (2019). Fully automated luxury communism. Verso Books. AND . The binding decisions on all of us that we collectively choose to make Capitalism is a death cult and the apocalypse is already happening. Without an unshakable commitment to the total and complete rejection of the fetishization of capitalist value, we will all die like the dinosaurs, Allinson 21Allinson, J. (2021). The tragedy of the worker: towards the proletarocene. Verso Books. pg 8-17 AND of ‘adaptation’ has become the ideology of capitalism’s triumph over all life. We are on the brink of a post-scarcity world for the rich, where they will no longer need us for their luxuries. If dictated by the capitalist regime through private appropriation, a post-scarcity world would mean the extermination of the working-class, FRASE 2016Frase, P. (2016). Four futures: Life after capitalism. Verso books LHP HL + LHP AB AND to wall off the rich from what are deemed to be surplus populations. Part 3 – Luxury PopulismAnti-capitalism must learn to compete with capitalism in the realm of desire, taking existing capitalist structures like the state and repurposing them to create Marxist possibility. Thus, we must transform our libidinal desires and direction of thought against capitalism – the aff does this through a unified horizon towards FALC – Heron:Heron, Kai. "Journal of the Marxist Literary Group." Mediations, https://mediationsjournal.org/articles/still-a-world. LHP PS AND might outlast neoliberalism by compromising with precisely such social-democratic projects.26 The role of the ballot is fidelity to the truth – unified dedication to a shared horizon is liberatory – the affirmative’s horizon is FALC, To clarify,A~ only post-fiat offense is relevantB~ theory comes first although I can use the aff as offense on theoryC~ we use the flow.Dean 19:Dean, Jodi. Comrade: An essay on political belonging. Verso, 2019. LHP BT + LHP PS AND that comrade relations produce. It concentrates comradeship even as comradeship exceeds it. And, space optimism is key to resisting capitalism – it goes against dominant capitalist narratives and enables a unified social movement against capitalism, Levin 2021,Annie Levin, 16 Aug 2021, https://christiansocialism.com/space-travel-capitalism-communism-fully-automated-luxury-dsa/ LHP AB AND space, but not until we fulfill our destiny right here on Earth. | 2/21/22 |
JF22 - AC - Hegel v1Tournament: Lexington | Round: 5 | Opponent: Oxford VM | Judge: William Freedman 1acFrameworkOnly constructing ethics from our rational agency can explain the sources of normativity –A~ Bindingness – Any obligation must not only tell us what is good, but why we ought to be good or else agents can reject the value of goodness itself. That means ethics must start with what is constitutive of agents since it traces obligations to features that are intrinsic to being an agent – as an agent you must follow certain rules. Only practical agency is constitutive since agents can use rationality to decide against other values but the act of deciding to reject practical agency engages in it.B~ Action theory – every moral analysis requires an action to evaluate, but actions are infinitely divisible into smaller meaningless movements. The act of stealing can be reduced to going to a house, entering, grabbing things, and leaving, all of which are distinct actions without moral value. Only the practical decision to steal ties these actions together to give them any moral value.That justifies a system of mutual recognition.A~ Sensibility – humans are also conditioned by the world around them – this sensibility culminates in a relationality to other subjects, Gobsch 14:Wolfram Gobsch, "The Idea of an Ethical Community," 2014 LHP AV AND her sensible nature: the individuality and finitude that make her an animal. B~ Reason and freedom must exist in practice rather than only theory, or it cannot be stated that the subject is free. Freedom must be noumenal or uncaused by the laws of nature, but humans are phenomenal and subject to these laws and external interference meaning ensuring abstract rights materially is necessary for freedom. Since we are phenomenal and unavoidably change through life, our perception of the world is constantly in flux meaning there is no absolute truth for what rights we create, but they can only be recognized through intersubjectivity. Schroeder 05:Schroeder, Jeanne L. "Unnatural rights: Hegel and intellectual property." U. Miami L. Rev. 60 (2005): 453. AND ), they are a means by which man distinguishes himself from nature. 130 Thus, the standard is consistency with materializing abstract right.Impact calc – abstract right is materialized in the community in the legal order - undermining the system through which we manifest our rights violates our freedom as subjects and outweighs. Buchwalter,Buchwalter, Andrew. "Hegel, Human Rights, and Political Membership." AND by themselves and others, as subjects possessing rights (and corresponding duties) Prefer –1~ Otherization: Only systems of recognition acknowledge the unique moral perspective of each agent—other theories are epistemologically incoherent because they can’t account for moral interactions and different moral motivations.Haase 14 ~Matthias Haase, (University of Chicago) "Am I You?" Philosophical Explorations 17 (3):358-371, 2014, https://philpapers.org/rec/HAA-6, DOA:2-28-2019 WWBW~ AND am not claiming rights against myself. That is for you to do. 2~ Through mutual recognition in spite of differences, we can rupture systems of power – the Haitian slave revolt proves, Buck-Morss 05:Susan Buck-Morss, March 1, 2005, "Hegel, Haiti, and Universal History" LHP AV AND threat of culture’s betrayal that consciousness of a common humanity comes to be. ContentionI affirm the resolution. Resolved: The appropriation of outer space by private entities is unjust. I’ll defend implementation, but it’s not relevant to the aff framework.For a property claim to be legitimate, it requires mutual recognition and a common will, which subjects are rationally compelled to pursue, Chitty 13:Chitty, Andrew (2013) Recognition and property in Hegel and the early Marx. Ethical Theory and Moral Practice, 16 (4). pp. 685-697. ISSN 1386-2820 LHP AV AND person others must recognise as ‘mine’ what I claim as ‘mine’. That affirms –1~ there is no state in space, which means private appropriation is unjustA~ Persons absent state sovereignty make universal judgements that impose coercive judgements on others,Stilz 1 (Anna Stilz, Anna Stilz is Laurance S. Rockefeller Professor of Politics and the University Center for Human Values. Her research focuses on questions of political membership, authority and political obligation, nationalism and self-determination, rights to land and territory, and collective agency. , 2009, accessed on 12-18-2021, Muse.jhu, "Project MUSE - Liberal Loyalty", https://muse.jhu.edu/book/30179)//phs st AND , both our rights over our bodies and our rights over external things. B~ In the state of nature, everyone is an equal arbitrator of justice – that makes rights violations impossible to resolve.Stilz 2 (Anna Stilz, Anna Stilz is Laurance S. Rockefeller Professor of Politics and the University Center for Human Values. Her research focuses on questions of political membership, authority and political obligation, nationalism and self-determination, rights to land and territory, and collective agency. , 2009, accessed on 12-18-2021, Muse.jhu, "Project MUSE - Liberal Loyalty", https://muse.jhu.edu/book/30179)//phs st AND of competing private interpretations that coer- cively struggle for the upper hand. 2~ any act of appropriation is necessarily public, Pop 2k:Virgiliu Pop, ~Virgiliu Pop is a Romanian space lawyer and author. He has claimed ownership of the Sun in order to make a point about extraterrestrial property rights claims that he argues are bogus.~ "Appropriation in outer space: the relationship between land ownership and sovereignty on the celestial bodies," November 17, 2000, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0265964600000370 LHP AV AND the pres- ent author are supported by the following relevant legal precedents. Underview1~ 1ar theory –A~ the aff gets it – otherwise the neg can engage in infinite abuse, making debate impossibleB~ drop the debater because the 1ar is too short to win theory and substanceC~ no RVIs – the 2nr has enough time and the 2ar needs strategic flexibilityD~ Fairness is a voter – debate’s a game that requires objective evaluation – judges have obligations to vote for the better debater which fairness controls. It also controls truth value – absent fairness, args were not subject to contestation, so they only won their arg because they were unfair. | 1/16/22 |
JF22 - AC - Hegel v2Tournament: Emory | Round: 1 | Opponent: Peninsula AL | Judge: Dave McGinnis FrameworkOnly constructing ethics from our rational agency can explain the sources of normativity –A~ Bindingness – Any obligation must not only tell us what is good, but why we ought to be good or else agents can reject the value of goodness itself. That means ethics must start with what is constitutive of agents since it traces obligations to features that are intrinsic to being an agent – as an agent you must follow certain rules. Only practical agency is constitutive since agents can use rationality to decide against other values but the act of deciding to reject practical agency engages in it.B~ Action theory – every moral analysis requires an action to evaluate, but actions are infinitely divisible into smaller meaningless movements. The act of stealing can be reduced to going to a house, entering, grabbing things, and leaving, all of which are distinct actions without moral value. Only the practical decision to steal ties these actions together to give them any moral value.That justifies a system of mutual recognition.A~ Sensibility – humans are also conditioned by the world around them – this sensibility culminates in a relationality to other subjects, Gobsch 14:Wolfram Gobsch, "The Idea of an Ethical Community," 2014 LHP AV AND her sensible nature: the individuality and finitude that make her an animal. B~ Reason and freedom must exist in practice rather than only theory, or it cannot be stated that the subject is free. Freedom must be noumenal or uncaused by the laws of nature, but humans are phenomenal and subject to these laws and external interference meaning ensuring abstract rights materially is necessary for freedom. Since we are phenomenal and unavoidably change through life, our perception of the world is constantly in flux meaning there is no absolute truth for what rights we create, but they can only be recognized through intersubjectivity. Schroeder 05:Schroeder, Jeanne L. "Unnatural rights: Hegel and intellectual property." U. Miami L. Rev. 60 (2005): 453. AND ), they are a means by which man distinguishes himself from nature. 130 Thus, the standard is consistency with materializing abstract right.Impact calc – abstract right is materialized in the community in the legal order - undermining the system through which we manifest our rights violates our freedom as subjects and outweighs. Buchwalter,Buchwalter, Andrew. "Hegel, Human Rights, and Political Membership." AND by themselves and others, as subjects possessing rights (and corresponding duties) Prefer –1~ Otherization: Only systems of recognition acknowledge the unique moral perspective of each agent—other theories are epistemologically incoherent because they can’t account for moral interactions and different moral motivations.Haase 14 ~Matthias Haase, (University of Chicago) "Am I You?" Philosophical Explorations 17 (3):358-371, 2014, https://philpapers.org/rec/HAA-6, DOA:2-28-2019 WWBW~ AND am not claiming rights against myself. That is for you to do. 2~ Through mutual recognition in spite of differences, we can rupture systems of power – the Haitian slave revolt proves, Buck-Morss 05:Susan Buck-Morss, March 1, 2005, "Hegel, Haiti, and Universal History" LHP AV AND threat of culture’s betrayal that consciousness of a common humanity comes to be. ContentionI affirm the resolution. Resolved: The appropriation of outer space by private entities is unjust. I’ll defend implementation if you wish, but it’s not relevant to the aff framework.A legitimate claim of sovereignty on part of a private entities requires recognition by a nation that licenses the private entity, which would constitute public appropriation.TIMOTHY JUSTIN TRAPP, JD Candidate @ UIUC Law, ’13, TAKING UP SPACE BY ANY OTHER MEANS: COMING TO TERMS WITH THE NONAPPROPRIATION ARTICLE OF THE OUTER SPACE TREATY UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS LAW REVIEW ~Vol. 2013 No. 4~ AND be allowed to license a private entity to appropriate property in space.160 For a property claim to be legitimate, it requires mutual recognition and a common will, which subjects are rationally compelled to pursue, Chitty 13:Chitty, Andrew (2013) Recognition and property in Hegel and the early Marx. Ethical Theory and Moral Practice, 16 (4). pp. 685-697. ISSN 1386-2820 LHP AV AND person others must recognise as ‘mine’ what I claim as ‘mine’. That affirms –1~ there is no state in space, which means private appropriation is unjustA~ Persons absent state sovereignty make universal judgements that impose coercive judgements on others,Stilz 1 (Anna Stilz, Anna Stilz is Laurance S. Rockefeller Professor of Politics and the University Center for Human Values. Her research focuses on questions of political membership, authority and political obligation, nationalism and self-determination, rights to land and territory, and collective agency. , 2009, accessed on 12-18-2021, Muse.jhu, "Project MUSE - Liberal Loyalty", https://muse.jhu.edu/book/30179)//phs st AND , both our rights over our bodies and our rights over external things. B~ In the state of nature, everyone is an equal arbitrator of justice – that makes rights violations impossible to resolve.Stilz 2 (Anna Stilz, Anna Stilz is Laurance S. Rockefeller Professor of Politics and the University Center for Human Values. Her research focuses on questions of political membership, authority and political obligation, nationalism and self-determination, rights to land and territory, and collective agency. , 2009, accessed on 12-18-2021, Muse.jhu, "Project MUSE - Liberal Loyalty", https://muse.jhu.edu/book/30179)//phs st AND of competing private interpretations that coer- cively struggle for the upper hand. 2~ any act of appropriation is necessarily public, Pop 2k:Virgiliu Pop, ~Virgiliu Pop is a Romanian space lawyer and author. He has claimed ownership of the Sun in order to make a point about extraterrestrial property rights claims that he argues are bogus.~ "Appropriation in outer space: the relationship between land ownership and sovereignty on the celestial bodies," November 17, 2000, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0265964600000370 LHP AV AND the pres- ent author are supported by the following relevant legal precedents. | 1/28/22 |
JF22 - AC - Hegel v3Tournament: Emory | Round: Triples | Opponent: Lexington AKu | Judge: JP Stuckert - Dylan Jones - Jalyn Wu 1AC Emory Trips vs. Lexington AK1acFrameworkOnly constructing ethics from our rational agency can explain the sources of normativity –A~ Bindingness – Any obligation must not only tell us what is good, but why we ought to be good or else agents can reject the value of goodness itself. That means ethics must start with what is constitutive of agents since it traces obligations to features that are intrinsic to being an agent – as an agent you must follow certain rules. Only practical agency is constitutive since agents can use rationality to decide against other values but the act of deciding to reject practical agency engages in it.B~ Action theory – every moral analysis requires an action to evaluate, but actions are infinitely divisible into smaller meaningless movements. The act of stealing can be reduced to going to a house, entering, grabbing things, and leaving, all of which are distinct actions without moral value. Only the practical decision to steal ties these actions together to give them any moral value.That justifies a system of mutual recognition. Reason and freedom must exist in practice rather than only theory, or it cannot be stated that the subject is free. Freedom must be noumenal or uncaused by the laws of nature, but humans are phenomenal and subject to these laws and external interference meaning ensuring abstract rights materially is necessary for freedom. Since we are phenomenal and unavoidably change through life, our perception of the world is constantly in flux meaning there is no absolute truth for what rights we create, but they can only be recognized through intersubjectivity. Schroeder 05:Schroeder, Jeanne L. "Unnatural rights: Hegel and intellectual property." U. Miami L. Rev. 60 (2005): 453. AND ), they are a means by which man distinguishes himself from nature. 130 Thus, the standard is consistency with materializing abstract right.Impact calc –1~ abstract right is materialized in the community in the legal order - undermining the system through which we manifest our rights violates our freedom as subjects and outweighs. Buchwalter,Buchwalter, Andrew. "Hegel, Human Rights, and Political Membership." AND by themselves and others, as subjects possessing rights (and corresponding duties) 2~ Consequences fail –A~ Aggregation fails – there is no one for whom aggregate good is good-for. Korsgaard:Christine Korsgaard, "The Origin of the Good and Our Animal Nature" Harvard, n.d. RE AND , is better captured by the third theory I am about to describe. B~ Actors can only be culpable for their rational decision, not the outcomes. Anything else means actors have no control over the morality of decisions meaning it is impossible for them to be obligated to act.C~ Induction is circular since it is only justified because it worked in the past, which is just induction. That means attempts to predict consequences have no justification, and only the rational decisions behind actions can be evaluated.D~ Consequences are infinite – I could save someone that turns out to be a mass murdered – unpredictability means they are not a stable basis for ethics which freezes action since agents never know what action to takePrefer –1~ Otherization: Only systems of recognition acknowledge the unique moral perspective of each agent—other theories are epistemologically incoherent because they can’t account for moral interactions and different moral motivations.Haase 14 ~Matthias Haase, (University of Chicago) "Am I You?" Philosophical Explorations 17 (3):358-371, 2014, https://philpapers.org/rec/HAA-6, DOA:2-28-2019 WWBW~ AND am not claiming rights against myself. That is for you to do. 2~ Pragmatism: Language is entirely self-referential—one cannot look to something outside of language to determine what words mean because that process would inevitably be mediated by language. This requires a pragmatic account of truth in which the meaning of words change according to their usage.Brandom 99 ~Robert B. Brandom, (University of Pittsburgh) "Some Pragmatist Themes In Hegel's Idealism: Negotiation And Administration In Hegel's Account Of The Structure And Content Of Conceptual Norms" European Journal Of Philosophy 7 (2):164–189, 1999, https://philpapers.org/rec/BRASPT, DOA:2-28-2019 WWBW~ AND is all that could settle – the meanings of the expressions used.11 ContentionI affirm the resolution. Resolved: The appropriation of outer space by private entities is unjust. I’ll defend implementation if you wish, but it’s not relevant to the aff framework.A legitimate claim of sovereignty on part of a private entities requires recognition by a nation that licenses the private entity, which would constitute public appropriation.TIMOTHY JUSTIN TRAPP, JD Candidate @ UIUC Law, ’13, TAKING UP SPACE BY ANY OTHER MEANS: COMING TO TERMS WITH THE NONAPPROPRIATION ARTICLE OF THE OUTER SPACE TREATY UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS LAW REVIEW ~Vol. 2013 No. 4~ AND be allowed to license a private entity to appropriate property in space.160 For a property claim to be legitimate, it requires mutual recognition and a common will, which subjects are rationally compelled to pursue, Chitty 13:Chitty, Andrew (2013) Recognition and property in Hegel and the early Marx. Ethical Theory and Moral Practice, 16 (4). pp. 685-697. ISSN 1386-2820 LHP AV AND person others must recognise as ‘mine’ what I claim as ‘mine’. That affirms –1~ there is no state in space, which means private appropriation is unjustA~ Persons absent state sovereignty make universal judgements that impose coercive judgements on others,Stilz 1 (Anna Stilz, Anna Stilz is Laurance S. Rockefeller Professor of Politics and the University Center for Human Values. Her research focuses on questions of political membership, authority and political obligation, nationalism and self-determination, rights to land and territory, and collective agency. , 2009, accessed on 12-18-2021, Muse.jhu, "Project MUSE - Liberal Loyalty", https://muse.jhu.edu/book/30179)//phs st AND , both our rights over our bodies and our rights over external things. 2~ any act of appropriation is necessarily public, Pop 2k:Virgiliu Pop, ~Virgiliu Pop is a Romanian space lawyer and author. He has claimed ownership of the Sun in order to make a point about extraterrestrial property rights claims that he argues are bogus.~ "Appropriation in outer space: the relationship between land ownership and sovereignty on the celestial bodies," November 17, 2000, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0265964600000370 LHP AV AND the pres- ent author are supported by the following relevant legal precedents. Theory1~ 1ar theory –A~ the aff gets it – otherwise the neg can engage in infinite abuse, making debate impossibleB~ drop the debater because the 1ar is too short to win theory and substanceC~ no RVIs – the 2nr has enough time and the 2ar needs strategic flexibility2~ Presumption and permissibility affirm –A~ we presume statements true – if I said my name was Arjun, you would believe me absent evidence to the contraryB~ affirming is harder – the 1ar has to answer 7 minutes of offense and hedge against a 6 minute 2nr collapse and empirics, Shah 1-29,~Sachin Shah "A Statistical Analysis of the Impact of the Transition to Online Tournaments in Lincoln-Douglas Debate by Sachin Shah." January 29, 2021, http://nsdupdate.com/2021/a-statistical-analysis-of-the-impact-of-the-transition-to-online-tournaments-in-lincoln-douglas-debate-by-sachin-shah/~~ AND be structural and not topic specific as this analysis now includes 18 topics. | 1/30/22 |
JF22 - AC - Hegel v4Tournament: Harvard | Round: 5 | Opponent: Catonsville AT | Judge: Jenn Melin 1acFrameworkOnly constructing ethics from our rational agency can explain the sources of normativity –A~ Bindingness – Any obligation must not only tell us what is good, but why we ought to be good or else agents can reject the value of goodness itself. That means ethics must start with what is constitutive of agents since it traces obligations to features that are intrinsic to being an agent – as an agent you must follow certain rules. Only practical agency is constitutive since agents can use rationality to decide against other values but the act of deciding to reject practical agency engages in it.B~ Action theory – every moral analysis requires an action to evaluate, but actions are infinitely divisible into smaller meaningless movements. The act of stealing can be reduced to going to a house, entering, grabbing things, and leaving, all of which are distinct actions without moral value. Only the practical decision to steal ties these actions together to give them any moral value.That justifies a system of mutual recognition. Reason and freedom must exist in practice rather than only theory, or it cannot be stated that the subject is free. Freedom must be noumenal or uncaused by the laws of nature, but humans are phenomenal and subject to these laws and external interference meaning ensuring abstract rights materially is necessary for freedom. Since we are phenomenal and unavoidably change through life, our perception of the world is constantly in flux meaning there is no absolute truth for what rights we create, but they can only be recognized through intersubjectivity. Schroeder 05:Schroeder, Jeanne L. "Unnatural rights: Hegel and intellectual property." U. Miami L. Rev. 60 (2005): 453. AND ), they are a means by which man distinguishes himself from nature. 130 Thus, the standard is consistency with materializing abstract right.Impact calc –1~ abstract right is materialized in the community in the legal order – undermining the system through which we manifest our rights violates our freedom as subjects and outweighs. Buchwalter,Buchwalter, Andrew. "Hegel, Human Rights, and Political Membership." AND by themselves and others, as subjects possessing rights (and corresponding duties) 2~ Consequences fail –A~ Aggregation fails – there is no one for whom aggregate good is good-for. Korsgaard:Christine Korsgaard, "The Origin of the Good and Our Animal Nature" Harvard, n.d. RE AND , is better captured by the third theory I am about to describe. B~ Actors can only be culpable for their rational decision, not the outcomes. Anything else means actors have no control over the morality of decisions meaning it is impossible for them to be obligated to act.C~ Consequences are infinite – I could save someone that turns out to be a mass murdered – unpredictability means they are not a stable basis for ethics which freezes action since agents never know what action to takePrefer –1~ Otherization: Only systems of recognition acknowledge the unique moral perspective of each agent—other theories are epistemologically incoherent because they can’t account for moral interactions and different moral motivations.Haase 14 ~Matthias Haase, (University of Chicago) "Am I You?" Philosophical Explorations 17 (3):358-371, 2014, https://philpapers.org/rec/HAA-6, DOA:2-28-2019 WWBW~ AND am not claiming rights against myself. That is for you to do. 2~ Pragmatism: Language is entirely self-referential—one cannot look to something outside of language to determine what words mean because that process would inevitably be mediated by language. This requires a pragmatic account of truth in which the meaning of words change according to their usage.Brandom 99 ~Robert B. Brandom, (University of Pittsburgh) "Some Pragmatist Themes In Hegel's Idealism: Negotiation And Administration In Hegel's Account Of The Structure And Content Of Conceptual Norms" European Journal Of Philosophy 7 (2):164–189, 1999, https://philpapers.org/rec/BRASPT, DOA:2-28-2019 WWBW~ AND is all that could settle – the meanings of the expressions used.11 3~ Through mutual recognition in spite of differences, we can rupture systems of power – the Haitian slave revolt proves, Buck-Morss 05:Susan Buck-Morss, March 1, 2005, "Hegel, Haiti, and Universal History" LHP AV AND threat of culture’s betrayal that consciousness of a common humanity comes to be. ContentionI affirm the resolution. Resolved: The appropriation of outer space by private entities is unjust. I’ll defend implementation if you wish, but it’s not relevant to the aff framework.1~ A legitimate claim of sovereignty on part of a private entities requires recognition by a nation that licenses the private entity, which would constitute illegal appropriation.TIMOTHY JUSTIN TRAPP, JD Candidate @ UIUC Law, ’13, TAKING UP SPACE BY ANY OTHER MEANS: COMING TO TERMS WITH THE NONAPPROPRIATION ARTICLE OF THE OUTER SPACE TREATY UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS LAW REVIEW ~Vol. 2013 No. 4~ AND be allowed to license a private entity to appropriate property in space.160 2~ For a property claim to be legitimate, it requires a common will – private appropriation is unjust, Chitty 13:Chitty, Andrew (2013) Recognition and property in Hegel and the early Marx. Ethical Theory and Moral Practice, 16 (4). pp. 685-697. ISSN 1386-2820 LHP AV AND person others must recognise as ‘mine’ what I claim as ‘mine’. 3~ Making claims to things in space which are external to the scope of the ethical community falls prey to the absolute injustice of the state of nature protected against by the community making it definitionally unjust. Stilz 09:Stilz 1 (Anna Stilz, Anna Stilz is Laurance S. Rockefeller Professor of Politics and the University Center for Human Values. Her research focuses on questions of political membership, authority and political obligation, nationalism and self-determination, rights to land and territory, and collective agency. , 2009, accessed on 12-18-2021, Muse.jhu, "Project MUSE - Liberal Loyalty", https://muse.jhu.edu/book/30179)//phs st AND , both our rights over our bodies and our rights over external things. Theory1~ 1ar theory –A~ the aff gets it – otherwise the neg can engage in infinite abuse, making debate impossibleB~ drop the debater because the 1ar is too short to win theory and substanceC~ no RVIs – the 2nr has enough time and the 2ar needs strategic flexibility2~ Presumption affirms –A~ we presume statements true – if I said my name was Arjun, you would believe me absent evidence to the contraryB~ affirming is harder – the 1ar has to answer 7 minutes of offense and hedge against a 6 minute 2nr collapse and empirics, Shah 21,~Sachin Shah "A Statistical Analysis of the Impact of the Transition to Online Tournaments in Lincoln-Douglas Debate by Sachin Shah." January 29, 2021, http://nsdupdate.com/2021/a-statistical-analysis-of-the-impact-of-the-transition-to-online-tournaments-in-lincoln-douglas-debate-by-sachin-shah/~~ AND be structural and not topic specific as this analysis now includes 18 topics. 3~ Permissibility affirms – unjust means not morally right which includes permissibility, Cambridge:https://dictionary.cambridge.org/us/dictionary/english/unjust ROBThe role of the ballot is to evaluate the truth or falsity of the resolution through a normatively justified framework via fair, safe, and educational arguments. Prefer it –1~ Reciprocity – normative frameworks provide a reciprocal burden of justifying an obligation with the ability to turn them – other frameworks are arbitrarily impact exclusive and don’t articulate a 1-1 burden2~ Philosophy – only our role of the ballot incentivizes nuanced discussions over the interactions of different ethical theories. That comes first – A~ constitutivism – LD debate is a values debate which means the intrinsic purpose of the activity is philosophical discussion B~ it’s key to the justification of any other voter – that relies on philosophical concepts like constitutivism3~ Collapses – any framing presupposes a motivation to vote one way or another which means all framings concede the validity of normativityMorethe priority argument – self-mastery is a lexical prerequisite to forming a conception of happiness and aggregating.Wood 90 ~Allen W. Wood, (Ruth Norman Halls Professor of Philosophy, Indiana University) "Hegel's Ethical Thought" Cambridge University Press, 1990, https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/hegels-ethical-thought/D409B1F04527F36C32227799D0B303E5, DOA:7-27-2020 WWBW~ AND not because I desire happiness, but because my final good is freedom. | 2/20/22 |
JF22 - AC - Hegel v5Tournament: Harvard | Round: Triples | Opponent: Scarsdale BS | Judge: Andrew Garber - Jenn Melin - Jacob Palmer 1acFrameworkOnly constructing ethics from our rational agency can explain the sources of normativity –A~ Bindingness – Any obligation must not only tell us what is good, but why we ought to be good or else agents can reject the value of goodness itself. That means ethics must start with what is constitutive of agents since it traces obligations to features that are intrinsic to being an agent – as an agent you must follow certain rules. Only practical agency is constitutive since agents can use rationality to decide against other values but the act of deciding to reject practical agency engages in it.B~ Action theory – every moral analysis requires an action to evaluate, but actions are infinitely divisible into smaller meaningless movements. The act of stealing can be reduced to going to a house, entering, grabbing things, and leaving, all of which are distinct actions without moral value. Only the practical decision to steal ties these actions together to give them any moral value.That justifies a system of mutual recognition. Reason and freedom must exist in practice rather than only theory, or it cannot be stated that the subject is free. Freedom must be noumenal or uncaused by the laws of nature, but humans are phenomenal and subject to these laws and external interference meaning ensuring abstract rights materially is necessary for freedom. Since we are phenomenal and unavoidably change through life, our perception of the world is constantly in flux meaning there is no absolute truth for what rights we create, but they can only be recognized through intersubjectivity. Schroeder 05:Schroeder, Jeanne L. "Unnatural rights: Hegel and intellectual property." U. Miami L. Rev. 60 (2005): 453. https://repository.law.miami.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1338andcontext=umlr AND ), they are a means by which man distinguishes himself from nature. 130 Thus, the standard is consistency with materializing abstract right.Impact calc –1~ abstract right is materialized in the community in the legal order – undermining the system through which we manifest our rights violates our freedom as subjects and outweighs. Buchwalter,Buchwalter, Andrew. "Hegel, Human Rights, and Political Membership." https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/hegel-bulletin/article/hegel-human-rights-and-political-membership1/6ED29436EACF9259E8B500E118E8DD88?scrlybrkr=2c739d6f AND by themselves and others, as subjects possessing rights (and corresponding duties) 2~ Consequences fail –A~ Aggregation fails – there is no one for whom aggregate good is good-for. Korsgaard:Christine Korsgaard, "The Origin of the Good and Our Animal Nature" Harvard, n.d. RE https://www.people.fas.harvard.edu/~~korsgaar/CMK.MA1.pdf AND , is better captured by the third theory I am about to describe. B~ Actors can only be culpable for their rational decision, not the outcomes. Anything else means actors have no control over the morality of decisions meaning it is impossible for them to be obligated to act.C~ Consequences are infinite – I could save someone that turns out to be a mass murdered – unpredictability means they are not a stable basis for ethics which freezes action since agents never know what action to takePrefer –1~ Otherization: Only systems of recognition acknowledge the unique moral perspective of each agent—other theories are epistemologically incoherent because they can’t account for moral interactions and different moral motivations.Haase 14 ~Matthias Haase, (University of Chicago) "Am I You?" Philosophical Explorations 17 (3):358-371, 2014, https://philpapers.org/rec/HAA-6, DOA:2-28-2019 WWBW~ AND am not claiming rights against myself. That is for you to do. 2~ Pragmatism: Language is entirely self-referential—one cannot look to something outside of language to determine what words mean because that process would inevitably be mediated by language. This requires a pragmatic account of truth in which the meaning of words change according to their usage.Brandom 99 ~Robert B. Brandom, (University of Pittsburgh) "Some Pragmatist Themes In Hegel's Idealism: Negotiation And Administration In Hegel's Account Of The Structure And Content Of Conceptual Norms" European Journal Of Philosophy 7 (2):164–189, 1999, https://philpapers.org/rec/BRASPT, DOA:2-28-2019 WWBW~ AND is all that could settle – the meanings of the expressions used.11 3~ Through mutual recognition in spite of differences, we can rupture systems of power – the Haitian slave revolt proves, Buck-Morss 05:Susan Buck-Morss, March 1, 2005, "Hegel, Haiti, and Universal History" https://muse.jhu.edu/book/3727 LHP AV AND threat of culture’s betrayal that consciousness of a common humanity comes to be. ContentionI affirm the resolution. Resolved: The appropriation of outer space by private entities is unjust. I’ll defend implementation if you wish, but it’s not relevant to the aff framework.1~ A legitimate claim of sovereignty on part of a private entities requires recognition by a nation that licenses the private entity, which would constitute illegal appropriation.TIMOTHY JUSTIN TRAPP, JD Candidate @ UIUC Law, ’13, TAKING UP SPACE BY ANY OTHER MEANS: COMING TO TERMS WITH THE NONAPPROPRIATION ARTICLE OF THE OUTER SPACE TREATY UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS LAW REVIEW ~Vol. 2013 No. 4~ https://www.illinoislawreview.org/wp-content/ilr-content/articles/2013/4/Trapp.pdf AND be allowed to license a private entity to appropriate property in space.160 2~ For a property claim to be legitimate, it requires a common will – private appropriation is unjust, Chitty 13:Chitty, Andrew (2013) Recognition and property in Hegel and the early Marx. Ethical Theory and Moral Practice, 16 (4). pp. 685-697. ISSN 1386-2820 https://www.jstor.org/stable/24478775 LHP AV AND person others must recognise as ‘mine’ what I claim as ‘mine’. 3~ Making claims to things in space which are external to the scope of the ethical community falls prey to the absolute injustice of the state of nature protected against by the community making it definitionally unjust. Stilz 09:Stilz 1 (Anna Stilz, Anna Stilz is Laurance S. Rockefeller Professor of Politics and the University Center for Human Values. Her research focuses on questions of political membership, authority and political obligation, nationalism and self-determination, rights to land and territory, and collective agency. , 2009, accessed on 12-18-2021, Muse.jhu, "Project MUSE - Liberal Loyalty", https://muse.jhu.edu/book/30179)//phs st AND , both our rights over our bodies and our rights over external things. Theory1~ 1ar theory –A~ the aff gets it – otherwise the neg can engage in infinite abuse, making debate impossibleB~ drop the debater because the 1ar is too short to win theory and substanceC~ no RVIs – the 2nr has enough time and the 2ar needs strategic flexibility2~ Presumption affirms –A~ we presume statements true – if I said my name was Arjun, you would believe me absent evidence to the contraryB~ affirming is harder – the 1ar has to answer 7 minutes of offense and hedge against a 6 minute 2nr collapse and empirics, Shah 21,~Sachin Shah "A Statistical Analysis of the Impact of the Transition to Online Tournaments in Lincoln-Douglas Debate by Sachin Shah." January 29, 2021, http://nsdupdate.com/2021/a-statistical-analysis-of-the-impact-of-the-transition-to-online-tournaments-in-lincoln-douglas-debate-by-sachin-shah/~~ AND be structural and not topic specific as this analysis now includes 18 topics. 3~ Permissibility affirms – unjust means not morally right which includes permissibility, Cambridge:Cambridge Dictionary, https://dictionary.cambridge.org/us/dictionary/english/unjust ROBThe role of the ballot is to evaluate the truth or falsity of the resolution through a normatively justified framework via fair, safe, and educational arguments. Prefer it –1~ Reciprocity – normative frameworks provide a reciprocal burden of justifying an obligation with the ability to turn them – other frameworks are arbitrarily impact exclusive and don’t articulate a 1-1 burden2~ Philosophy – only our role of the ballot incentivizes nuanced discussions over the interactions of different ethical theories. That comes first – A~ constitutivism – LD debate is a values debate which means the intrinsic purpose of the activity is philosophical discussion B~ it’s key to the justification of any other voter – that relies on philosophical concepts like constitutivism3~ Collapses – any framing presupposes a motivation to vote one way or another which means all framings concede the validity of normativityMethodOnly the ethical community enables us to overcome any evil, without it no method or theory can exist because humans take advantage of their situation and refuse to adhere to it Gobsch 14:Wolfram Gobsch, "The Idea of an Ethical Community," 2014 https://philpapers.org/rec/GOBTIO-2 LHP AV AND and reaches a Hegelian, particularist conception of ethical life in the end. | 2/21/22 |
JF22 - AC - Hegel v6Tournament: Tournament of Champions | Round: 2 | Opponent: Harker RT | Judge: Samantha McLoughlin 1AC TOC R1 vs. Harker RT1acFrameworkOnly constructing ethics from our rational agency can explain the sources of normativity –A~ Bindingness – Any obligation must not only tell us what is good, but why we ought to be good or else agents can reject the value of goodness itself. That means ethics must start with what is constitutive of agents since it traces obligations to features that are intrinsic to being an agent – as an agent you must follow certain rules. Only practical agency is constitutive since agents can use rationality to decide against other values but the act of deciding to reject practical agency engages in it.B~ Action theory – every moral analysis requires an action to evaluate, but actions are infinitely divisible into smaller meaningless movements. The act of stealing can be reduced to going to a house, entering, grabbing things, and leaving, all of which are distinct actions without moral value. Only the practical decision to steal ties these actions together to give them any moral value.That justifies a system of mutual recognition. Reason and freedom must exist in practice rather than only theory, or it cannot be stated that the subject is free. Freedom must be noumenal or uncaused by the laws of nature, but humans are phenomenal and subject to these laws and external interference meaning ensuring abstract rights materially is necessary for freedom. Since we are phenomenal and unavoidably change through life, our perception of the world is constantly in flux meaning there is no absolute truth for what rights we create, but they can only be recognized through intersubjectivity. Schroeder 05:Schroeder, Jeanne L. "Unnatural rights: Hegel and intellectual property." U. Miami L. Rev. 60 (2005): 453. https://repository.law.miami.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1338andcontext=umlr AND ), they are a means by which man distinguishes himself from nature. 130 Thus, the standard is consistency with materializing abstract right.Impact calc –1~ abstract right is materialized in the community in the legal order – undermining the system through which we manifest our rights violates our freedom as subjects and outweighs. Buchwalter,Buchwalter, Andrew. "Hegel, Human Rights, and Political Membership." https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/hegel-bulletin/article/hegel-human-rights-and-political-membership1/6ED29436EACF9259E8B500E118E8DD88?scrlybrkr=2c739d6f AND by themselves and others, as subjects possessing rights (and corresponding duties) 2~ Consequences fail –A~ Aggregation fails – there is no one for whom aggregate good is good-for. Korsgaard:Christine Korsgaard, "The Origin of the Good and Our Animal Nature" Harvard, n.d. RE https://www.people.fas.harvard.edu/~~korsgaar/CMK.MA1.pdf AND , is better captured by the third theory I am about to describe. B~ Actors can only be culpable for their rational decision, not the outcomes. Anything else means actors have no control over the morality of decisions meaning it is impossible for them to be obligated to act.C~ Consequences are infinite – I could save someone that turns out to be a mass murdered – unpredictability means they are not a stable basis for ethics which freezes action since agents never know what action to takePrefer –1~ Otherization: Only systems of recognition acknowledge the unique moral perspective of each agent—other theories are epistemologically incoherent because they can’t account for moral interactions and different moral motivations.Haase 14 ~Matthias Haase, (University of Chicago) "Am I You?" Philosophical Explorations 17 (3):358-371, 2014, https://philpapers.org/rec/HAA-6, DOA:2-28-2019 WWBW~ AND am not claiming rights against myself. That is for you to do. 2~ Pragmatism: Language is entirely self-referential—one cannot look to something outside of language to determine what words mean because that process would inevitably be mediated by language. This requires a pragmatic account of truth in which the meaning of words change according to their usage.Brandom 99 ~Robert B. Brandom, (University of Pittsburgh) "Some Pragmatist Themes In Hegel's Idealism: Negotiation And Administration In Hegel's Account Of The Structure And Content Of Conceptual Norms" European Journal Of Philosophy 7 (2):164–189, 1999, https://philpapers.org/rec/BRASPT, DOA:2-28-2019 WWBW~ AND is all that could settle – the meanings of the expressions used.11 3~ Through mutual recognition in spite of differences, we can rupture systems of power – the Haitian slave revolt proves, Buck-Morss 05:Susan Buck-Morss, March 1, 2005, "Hegel, Haiti, and Universal History" https://muse.jhu.edu/book/3727 LHP AV AND threat of culture’s betrayal that consciousness of a common humanity comes to be. ContentionI affirm the resolution. Resolved: The appropriation of outer space by private entities is unjust. I’ll defend implementation if you wish, but it’s not relevant to the aff framework.1~ A legitimate claim of sovereignty on part of a private entities requires recognition by a nation that licenses the private entity, which would constitute illegal appropriation.TIMOTHY JUSTIN TRAPP, JD Candidate @ UIUC Law, ’13, TAKING UP SPACE BY ANY OTHER MEANS: COMING TO TERMS WITH THE NONAPPROPRIATION ARTICLE OF THE OUTER SPACE TREATY UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS LAW REVIEW ~Vol. 2013 No. 4~ https://www.illinoislawreview.org/wp-content/ilr-content/articles/2013/4/Trapp.pdf AND be allowed to license a private entity to appropriate property in space.160 2~ For a property claim to be legitimate, it requires a common will – private appropriation is unjust, Chitty 13:Chitty, Andrew (2013) Recognition and property in Hegel and the early Marx. Ethical Theory and Moral Practice, 16 (4). pp. 685-697. ISSN 1386-2820 https://www.jstor.org/stable/24478775 LHP AV AND person others must recognise as ‘mine’ what I claim as ‘mine’. 3~ Making claims to things in space which are external to the scope of the ethical community falls prey to the absolute injustice of the state of nature protected against by the community making it definitionally unjust. Stilz 09:Stilz 1 (Anna Stilz, Anna Stilz is Laurance S. Rockefeller Professor of Politics and the University Center for Human Values. Her research focuses on questions of political membership, authority and political obligation, nationalism and self-determination, rights to land and territory, and collective agency. , 2009, accessed on 12-18-2021, Muse.jhu, "Project MUSE - Liberal Loyalty", https://muse.jhu.edu/book/30179)//phs st AND , both our rights over our bodies and our rights over external things. Theory1~ 1ar theory –A~ the aff gets it – otherwise the neg can engage in infinite abuse, making debate impossibleB~ drop the debater because the 1ar is too short to win theory and substanceC~ no RVIs – the 2nr has enough time and the 2ar needs strategic flexibility2~ Presumption affirms –A~ we presume statements true – if I said my name was Arjun, you would believe me absent evidence to the contraryB~ affirming is harder – the 1ar has to answer 7 minutes of offense and hedge against a 6 minute 2nr collapse and empirics, Shah 21,~Sachin Shah "A Statistical Analysis of the Impact of the Transition to Online Tournaments in Lincoln-Douglas Debate by Sachin Shah." January 29, 2021, http://nsdupdate.com/2021/a-statistical-analysis-of-the-impact-of-the-transition-to-online-tournaments-in-lincoln-douglas-debate-by-sachin-shah/~~ AND be structural and not topic specific as this analysis now includes 18 topics. 3~ Permissibility affirms – unjust means not morally right which includes permissibility, Cambridge:Cambridge Dictionary, https://dictionary.cambridge.org/us/dictionary/english/unjust MethodThe state is not a monolith, but rather an institution of the collective that’s essential to revolutionary transformation and collective ethical consciousness – Hegelian reimagination of the state key, Hamza 21:Slavoj Zizek is Professor at the Institute of Sociology, Ljubljana, Slovenia. Frank Ruda is Senior Lecturer in Philosophy at the University of Dundee and Professor at the European Graduate School. Agon Hamza is Assistant Professor of Philosophy at ISSHS, Skopje. "Reading Hegel" pp. 192-200, November 30, 2021 LHP AV AND remains hidden beneath the national and commu- nal borders of national territories. | 4/23/22 |
JF22 - AC - Kant v1Tournament: Sunvite | Round: 1 | Opponent: Albequerque AK | Judge: Jacob Palmer 1acFrameworkThe meta-ethic is practical reason.A~ Bindingness – Any obligation must not only tell us what is good, but why we ought to be good or else agents can reject the value of goodness itself. That means ethics must start with what is constitutive of agents since it traces obligations to features that are intrinsic to being an agent – as an agent you must follow certain rules. Only practical agency is constitutive since agents can use rationality to decide against other values but the act of deciding to reject practical agency engages in it.B~ Action theory – every moral analysis requires an action to evaluate, but actions are infinitely divisible into smaller meaningless movements. The act of stealing can be reduced to going to a house, entering, grabbing things, and leaving, all of which are distinct actions without moral value. Only the practical decision to steal ties these actions together to give them any moral value.That justifies universalizability.A~ The principle of equality is true since anything else assigns moral value to contingent factors like identity and justifies racism, and the principle of non-contradiction is true since 2+2 can’t equal 4 for me and not for you meaning ethical statements true for one must be true for all.B~ Is ought gap – experience only tells us what is since that’s what we perceive, not what ought to be. But it’s impossible to derive an ought from descriptive premises, so there needs to be additional a priori premises to make a moral theory. Applying reason to a priori truth results in universal obligations.Coercion isn’t universalizable—willing your own freedom while violating someone else’s is a conceptual contradiction.Engstrom ~Stephen Engstrom, (Professor of Philosophy @ the University of Pittsburgh) "Universal Legislation as the Form of Practical Knowledge" http://www.academia.edu/4512762/Universal'Legislation'As'the'Form'of'Practical'Knowledge, DOA:5-5-2018 WWBW~ AND a person’s outer freedom is incompatible with the limitation of that same freedom. Thus, the standard is consistency with a system of equal and outer freedoms.Impact calc – reject consequentialism1~ Culpability – actors can only be culpable for their rational decision, not the outcomes. Anything else means actors have no control over the morality of decisions meaning it is impossible for them to be obligated to act.2~ Consequences are infinite – opening a door could one day cause nuke war through an endless chain or shooting someone may end up saving lives – unpredictability means they are not a stable basis for ethics which freezes action since agents never know what action to take3~ Aggregation fails – there is no one for whom aggregate good is good-for. Korsgaard:Christine Korsgaard, "The Origin of the Good and Our Animal Nature" Harvard, n.d. RE AND , is better captured by the third theory I am about to describe. Prefer additionally,1~ An intrinsic feature to any action is the acceptance of the goodness of universal freedom, Gewirth 84 bracketed for grammar and gendered language~Alan Gewirth, () "The Ontological Basis of Natural Law: A Critique and an Alternative" American Journal Of Jurisprudence: Vol. 29: Iss. 1 Article 5, 1984, https://scholarship.law.nd.edu/ajj/vol29/iss1/5/, DOA:9-10-2018 WWBW Recut LHP AV~ AND consistency with the material consideration of the generic features and rights of action. 2~ Agency requires deliberation to choose what actions to take which creates a practical identity identical for every agent. It is the only form of ontology that can account for every individual, making it the only identity that can create obligations.Christine M. Korsgaard, 1992 AND identity, your nature; your obligations spring from what that identity forbids. Impacts: A~ Since obligations arise from a universal identity, they must be the same for all, B~ hijacks any role of the judge since judging is an identity contained within the practical one3~ transcendental idealism – there’s a distinction between the noumenal world and the phenomenal world – freedom, as noumenal and undetermined by natural laws, is the supreme principle of ethics, Korsgaard 96:Korsgaard, Christine. "Creating The Kingdom of Ends: Reciprocity and Responsibility in Personal Relations." (p. 317-318). July 28, 1996 Recut LHP AV AND it is better regarded as something we say not about but to her. ContentionI affirm. "Resolved: The appropriation of outer space by private entities is unjust."Property is an external right – it is something that we don’t innately have a right to by virtue of existing, but acquire once we exercise our freedom. However, this is impossible when there is no state to create property divisions.Stilz 1 (Anna Stilz, Anna Stilz is Laurance S. Rockefeller Professor of Politics and the University Center for Human Values. Her research focuses on questions of political membership, authority and political obligation, nationalism and self-determination, rights to land and territory, and collective agency. , 2009, accessed on 12-18-2021, Muse.jhu, "Project MUSE - Liberal Loyalty", https://muse.jhu.edu/book/30179)//phs st AND down, indeed, to what side of the road to drive on. That affirms –1~ In outer space, there is no governing authority and thus claiming property imposes your will over others.Stilz 2 (Anna Stilz, Anna Stilz is Laurance S. Rockefeller Professor of Politics and the University Center for Human Values. Her research focuses on questions of political membership, authority and political obligation, nationalism and self-determination, rights to land and territory, and collective agency. , 2009, accessed on 12-18-2021, Muse.jhu, "Project MUSE - Liberal Loyalty", https://muse.jhu.edu/book/30179)//phs st AND , both our rights over our bodies and our rights over external things. 2~ In the state of nature, everyone is an equal arbitrator of justice – that makes rights violations impossible to resolve.Stilz 3 (Anna Stilz, Anna Stilz is Laurance S. Rockefeller Professor of Politics and the University Center for Human Values. Her research focuses on questions of political membership, authority and political obligation, nationalism and self-determination, rights to land and territory, and collective agency. , 2009, accessed on 12-18-2021, Muse.jhu, "Project MUSE - Liberal Loyalty", https://muse.jhu.edu/book/30179)//phs st AND of competing private interpretations that coer- cively struggle for the upper hand. Underview1~ 1ar theory –A~ the aff gets it – otherwise the neg can engage in infinite abuse, making debate impossibleB~ drop the debater because the 1ar is too short to win theory and substanceC~ no RVIs – the 2nr has enough time and the 2ar needs strategic flexibilityD~ Fairness is a voter – debate’s a game that requires objective evaluation – judges have obligations to vote for the better debater which fairness controls. It also controls truth value – absent fairness, args were not subject to contestation, so they only won their arg because they were unfair.2~ 1ar theory first –A~ Strat skew – short 2AR means I need to collapse to one layer to counter the long 2N collapseB~ Epistemic Indict – if the 1N was abusive then my ability to respond was skewed so you can’t truly evaluate the 1ncC~ Investment – it’s a much larger strategic loss because 1min is ¼ of the 1AR vs 1/7 of the 1NC which means there’s more abuse if I’m devoting a larger fraction of time3~ Presumption and permissibility affirm –A~ we presume statements true – if I said my name was Arjun, you would believe me absent evidence to the contraryB~ affirming is harder – the 1ar has to answer 7 minutes of offense and hedge against a 6 minute 2nr collapse and empirics – presumption is this card’s only implication, Shah 1-29,~Sachin Shah "A Statistical Analysis of the Impact of the Transition to Online Tournaments in Lincoln-Douglas Debate by Sachin Shah." January 29, 2021, http://nsdupdate.com/2021/a-statistical-analysis-of-the-impact-of-the-transition-to-online-tournaments-in-lincoln-douglas-debate-by-sachin-shah/~~ AND be structural and not topic specific as this analysis now includes 18 topics. ROBThe role of the ballot is to evaluate the truth or falsity of the resolution through a normatively justified framework via fair, safe, and educational arguments. Prefer it –1~ Reciprocity – normative frameworks provide a reciprocal burden of justifying an obligation with the ability to turn them – other frameworks are arbitrarily impact exclusive and don’t articulate a 1-1 burden2~ Philosophy – only our role of the ballot incentivizes nuanced discussions over the interactions of different ethical theories. That comes first –A~ constitutivism – LD debate is a values debate which means the intrinsic purpose of the activity is philosophical discussion | 1/7/22 |
JF22 - AC - LayTournament: Emory | Round: 6 | Opponent: Harrison AC | Judge: Annie Wang but not that one Note yash put this aff together and somehow messed up every single thing about the formatting so wikify will not work and only returns full text. blame yash1AC Emory R61ACFrameworkI affirm the resolution resolved: The appropriation of outer space by private entities is unjust.Flowing directly from the use of the word ‘unjust’ in the resolution, my value is justice.Accordingly, my value criterion is maximizing well-being, commonly known as utilitarianism. Prefer my value criterion for three reasons:1~ The government and their citizens join an agreement called the social contract where citizens give up certain rights and in return the government provides protection to their citizens. The government, the actor of the resolution, has to help the most people possible which means they use utilitarianism. They have to maximize the well-being of their citizens.2~ Every life is equal. Imagine being put in the situation where you can save 50 lives or 1. You need to save the greatest amount of people in this situation because every life is worth the same. This means we have to maximize the well-being of the most people because we have to value every life the same. Therefore, the government has to act morally and maximize well-being.3~ When creating policies that pertain to entire countries or even the entire world such as the resolution we are currently debating, we are unable to act on individual contingencies but instead must act for the greater good of society in a utilitarian manner.ROBERT GOODINexplains,Consider, first, the argument from necgooessity. Public officials are obliged to make their choices under uncertainty, and uncertainty of a very special sort at that. All choices – public and private alike – are made under some degree of uncertainty, of course. But in the nature of things, private individuals will usually have more complete information on the peculiarities of their own circumstances and on the ramifications that alternative possible choices might have for them. Public officials, in contrast, are relatively poorly informed as to what effects that their choices will have on individuals, one by one. What they typically do know are generalities: averages and aggregates. They know what will happen most often to most people as a result of their various possible choices. But that is all. That is enough to allow public policy-makers to use utilitarian calculus – if they want to use it fat all – to choose general rules of conduct. Knowing aggregates and averages, they can proceed to calculate the utility payoffs from ~of~ adopting each alternative possible general rule. PlanAs space and the way it is approached is already a complex topic, I will begin by explaining the affirmative’s advocated approach to legally interacting with space.We must move towards space appropriation as a collective, international act under the Common Heritage Principle – this can occur through the Terran Space Agency, known as the TESA, and absolutely prohibits private appropriation of space. Aram Krekonian writes,Kerkonian, Aram Daniel. "The Possible Regulation of Certain Space Activities through an International Orgnaization: Tutmonda Spaco Agentejo." ZLW 67 (2018): 279. AND non-voting capacity), a model that maybe replicable in a TESA. There are two major areas of contention for which you should prefer our model of the TESA.Contention 1 – DebrisThe first contention is space debris.Private space appropriation leads to a massive increase in space junk, HoldenJohn Holden, July 12, 2018, The Irish Times, Why space capitalism will eat itself, https://www.irishtimes.com/business/innovation/why-space-capitalism-will-eat-itself-1.3556368 AND the commerce department, and not the FAA, begins to make sense. Asteroid mining spikes the risk of satellite-dust collisions – it’s statistically proven, Scoles in 2015:Scoles 15 ~(Sarah Scoles, freelance science writer, contributor at Wired and Popular Science, author of the books Making Contact and They Are Already Here) "Dust from asteroid mining spells danger for satellites," New Scientist, May 27, 2015, https://www.newscientist.com/article/mg22630235-100-dust-from-asteroid-mining-spells-danger-for-satellites/~~ TDI AND 30 per cent (arxiv.org/abs/1505.03800). Space dust wrecks satellites and debris exponentially spiralsIntagliata 17 ~(Christopher Intagliata, MA Journalism from NYU, Editor for NPRs All Things Considered, Reporter/Host for Scientific American’s 60 Second Science) "The Sneaky Danger of Space Dust," Scientific American, May 11, 2017, https://www.scientificamerican.com/podcast/episode/the-sneaky-danger-of-space-dust/~~ TDI Approval of technology to clean up and prevent space debris is impossible if private entities can claim things in space, only using the TESA exclusively solves, Krekonian writes,Kerkonian, Aram Daniel. "The Possible Regulation of Certain Space Activities through an International Orgnaization: Tutmonda Spaco Agentejo." ZLW 67 (2018): 279. Mass amounts of space debris is a ticking time bomb. Destruction of satellites is bound to happen and cascades into something known as the ‘kessler effect’, destroying many important things we have in orbit causing various issues on earth and even triggering war. Les Johnson, deputy manager for NASA’s advanced concepts office, writes,Les Johnson 13, Deputy Manager for NASA's Advanced Concepts Office at the Marshall Space Flight Center, Co-Investigator for the JAXA T-Rex Space Tether Experiment and PI of NASA's ProSEDS Experiment, Master's Degree in Physics from Vanderbilt University, Popular Science Writer, and NASA Technologist, Frequent Contributor to the Journal of the British Interplanetary Sodety and Member of the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, National Space Society, the World Future Society, and MENSA, Sky Alert!: When Satellites Fail, p. 9-12 ~language modified~ Contention 2 – InequalityPrivate appropriation of space instead of treating it as a global commons re-entrenches inequality on Earth. Stockwell 20Samuel Stockwell, 7-20-2020, "Legal ‘Black Holes’ in Outer Space: The Regulation of Private Space Companies," E-International Relations, https://www.e-ir.info/2020/07/20/legal-black-holes-in-outer-space-the-regulation-of-private-space-companies/ marlborough JH | 1/29/22 |
MA22 - AC - RawlsTournament: FFL States | Round: 1 | Opponent: JP Taravella AS | Judge: Spencer Orlowski 1AC FFL States R11acFrameworkI affirm the resolution. Resolved: In a democracy, the free press ought to prioritize objectivity over advocacy.For clarity, I’d like to provide the following explanation of the core values of the topic.First is objectivity. People often use objectivity in the sense of being balanced, yet that’s not a good way to think of it. Instead, we should think about objectivity as being about avoiding using values in the place of evidence. Philosophy Professor Douglas in 2004 writes:Douglas, Heather. ~Heather Douglas joined Michigan State University’s Department of Philosophy in the Fall of 2018. Her research focuses on the relationship between science and democracy, including the role of social and ethical values in science, the nature of scientists’ responsibility in and for science, and science-policy interfaces such as science advising, science funding, responsible research oversight/cultivation, and science communication. She is interested in how citizens can and should interact with science, including the bases for citizens’ trust in scientists. She has also worked on the nature of objectivity in science and how to weigh complex, non-convergent sets of evidence.~ "The irreducible complexity of objectivity." Synthese 138, no. 3 (2004): 453-473. DOA: Mar 2, 2022. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1023/B:SYNT.0000016451.18182.91 Heather Douglas is an associate prof of philosophy at MSU. https://philosophy.msu.edu/faculty-staff/heather-douglas/ AND operationalized by internal retrospection or by external examination of an individual's reasoning process. PhD Philosopher Fox contextualizes this ideal of objectivity to journalism in 2013:Carl Fox, ~Before joining the IDEA Centre, I completed my PhD, entitled Party to the Hypothetical Contract: Obligation, Legitimacy, and Autonomy, at the University of Sheffield. I have an MA in Philosophy from Sheffield, an MA in Journalism from Dublin City University, a BA in Philosophy and Political Science from Trinity College Dublin, and a gold star from my mother. Before coming to England to return to philosophy, I worked as a sub-editor for Real-Time Editing and Design. Research interests My doctoral research was rooted in the social contract tradition and aimed to build an account of the binding force of obligation that vindicates the significance of hypothetical consent and explains how political obligation, even when morally required, can still be voluntary. I also work on paternalism, authority, autonomy, and voluntariness~, "Public Reason, Objectivity, and Journalism in Liberal Democratic Societies," 2013, https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11158-013-9226-6~~#citeas LHP AV DOA: March 3, 2021 AND , I turn now to a discussion of Rawls’s conception of public reason. As a result, my opponent might make claims about the impossibility of objectivity; however, within the context of journalism, objectivity is not the fact itself but rather the process of discovering and presenting information.On the other hand is advocacy. Importantly, the aff does not prohibit advocacy journalism; rather, it only argues that it ought to be done only for the purpose of objectivity.Additionally, this resolution is not a question of state action; rather, it’s a question of journalistic ethics in a democratic political situation. Philosopher Carl Fox elaborates:Carl Fox, ~Before joining the IDEA Centre, I completed my PhD, entitled Party to the Hypothetical Contract: Obligation, Legitimacy, and Autonomy, at the University of Sheffield. I have an MA in Philosophy from Sheffield, an MA in Journalism from Dublin City University, a BA in Philosophy and Political Science from Trinity College Dublin, and a gold star from my mother. Before coming to England to return to philosophy, I worked as a sub-editor for Real-Time Editing and Design. Research interests My doctoral research was rooted in the social contract tradition and aimed to build an account of the binding force of obligation that vindicates the significance of hypothetical consent and explains how political obligation, even when morally required, can still be voluntary. I also work on paternalism, authority, autonomy, and voluntariness~, "Public Reason, Objectivity, and Journalism in Liberal Democratic Societies," 2013, https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11158-013-9226-6~~#citeas LHP AV DOA: March 3, 2022 AND . However, these need to be backed up by more formal measures. Now, the framework. The resolution questions the obligations of the free press within a democracy; within political society, our obligations must be consistent with basic ideas of justice, such as freedom, equality, and democracy. Accordingly, I value democratic justice.Within democratic society, it’s inevitable that people disagree, of course. This is not a bad thing: in fact, it’s the very lifeblood of democracy itself. However, reconciling inevitable disagreement with political stability is the foundational question of democratic society, as PhD Philosopher Fox writes about famous philosopher John Rawls in 2013:Carl Fox, ~Before joining the IDEA Centre, I completed my PhD, entitled Party to the Hypothetical Contract: Obligation, Legitimacy, and Autonomy, at the University of Sheffield. I have an MA in Philosophy from Sheffield, an MA in Journalism from Dublin City University, a BA in Philosophy and Political Science from Trinity College Dublin, and a gold star from my mother. Before coming to England to return to philosophy, I worked as a sub-editor for Real-Time Editing and Design. Research interests My doctoral research was rooted in the social contract tradition and aimed to build an account of the binding force of obligation that vindicates the significance of hypothetical consent and explains how political obligation, even when morally required, can still be voluntary. I also work on paternalism, authority, autonomy, and voluntariness~, "Public Reason, Objectivity, and Journalism in Liberal Democratic Societies," 2013, https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11158-013-9226-6~~#citeas LHP AV DOA: March 3, 2022 AND doctrines in order to make a legitimate and stable political association a possibility. The solution to this problem is the ideal of public reason, through which we can build a society that is legitimate and reasonably acceptable to all members, Fox writes:Carl Fox, ~Before joining the IDEA Centre, I completed my PhD, entitled Party to the Hypothetical Contract: Obligation, Legitimacy, and Autonomy, at the University of Sheffield. I have an MA in Philosophy from Sheffield, an MA in Journalism from Dublin City University, a BA in Philosophy and Political Science from Trinity College Dublin, and a gold star from my mother. Before coming to England to return to philosophy, I worked as a sub-editor for Real-Time Editing and Design. Research interests My doctoral research was rooted in the social contract tradition and aimed to build an account of the binding force of obligation that vindicates the significance of hypothetical consent and explains how political obligation, even when morally required, can still be voluntary. I also work on paternalism, authority, autonomy, and voluntariness~, "Public Reason, Objectivity, and Journalism in Liberal Democratic Societies," 2013, https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11158-013-9226-6~~#citeas LHP AV DOA: March 3, 2022 AND teachings of the bible. In this way broad agreement becomes a possibility. Therefore, my value criterion is consistency with public reason.Prefer this criterion for 3 additional reasons.First, there is no particular community in the resolution, so it applies to societies with widely different cultures, languages, religions, customs, etc.; therefore, we must adopt a hypothetical ideal of shared public reasons as that is universally applicable.Second, my framework entails the inclusion of all reasonable values, so my framework is a procedural prerequisite to any other ethical theory. For example, there’s a possibility they could be wrong in their framework, but my framework allows for uncertainty by incorporating all values.ContentionContention 1 is Journalistic TrustIn order to be consistent with public reason, journalists have to be procedurally objective. Procedural objectivity is about the method of aligning with values that people can reasonably accept, as I discussed above. PhD Philosopher Fox explains:Carl Fox, ~Before joining the IDEA Centre, I completed my PhD, entitled Party to the Hypothetical Contract: Obligation, Legitimacy, and Autonomy, at the University of Sheffield. I have an MA in Philosophy from Sheffield, an MA in Journalism from Dublin City University, a BA in Philosophy and Political Science from Trinity College Dublin, and a gold star from my mother. Before coming to England to return to philosophy, I worked as a sub-editor for Real-Time Editing and Design. Research interests My doctoral research was rooted in the social contract tradition and aimed to build an account of the binding force of obligation that vindicates the significance of hypothetical consent and explains how political obligation, even when morally required, can still be voluntary. I also work on paternalism, authority, autonomy, and voluntariness~, "Public Reason, Objectivity, and Journalism in Liberal Democratic Societies," 2013, https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11158-013-9226-6~~#citeas LHP AV DOA: March 3, 2022 AND an interest in building (or rebuilding) this relationship with the public. Any comprehensive conception of liberty that is based on a robust conception of justice cannot be enforced in a democratic, pluralist society without violating freedom. The attempt of philosophers to say that rational people should agree with them still ignores the reality that many people don’t—and to simply say that they aren’t rational if they don’t agree justifies totalitarian logic across the board. UPenn Philosophy Profesor Freeman writes in 2004:Samuel Freeman, ~Professor of Philosophy and of Law at UPenn with Ph.D. Harvard University J.D. University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill A.B. (Highest Honors) University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill Samuel Freeman teaches courses on social and political philosophy. He has written books on Liberalism and Distributive Justice (2018), Justice and the Social Contract (2007) and on the political philosophy of John Rawls (Rawls, 2007). Freeman edited the Cambridge Companion to Rawls (2003), as well as John Rawls's Lectures on the History of Political Philosophy (2007) and his Collected Papers (1999). Freeman was elected to the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 2017. He is currently working on a manuscript on liberalism.~ Public Reason and Political Justifications, 72 Fordham L. Rev. 2021 (2004). Available at: https://ir.lawnet.fordham.edu/flr/vol72/iss5/29. LHP BT DOA: March 4, 2022 AND principles embodied in that very conception and it is politically embodied in laws. Because the free press is inherently a foundational political institution at the heart of democracy, it’s essential that they remain consistent with the demands of objectivity and public reason, PhD Philosopher Fox continues:Carl Fox, ~Before joining the IDEA Centre, I completed my PhD, entitled Party to the Hypothetical Contract: Obligation, Legitimacy, and Autonomy, at the University of Sheffield. I have an MA in Philosophy from Sheffield, an MA in Journalism from Dublin City University, a BA in Philosophy and Political Science from Trinity College Dublin, and a gold star from my mother. Before coming to England to return to philosophy, I worked as a sub-editor for Real-Time Editing and Design. Research interests My doctoral research was rooted in the social contract tradition and aimed to build an account of the binding force of obligation that vindicates the significance of hypothetical consent and explains how political obligation, even when morally required, can still be voluntary. I also work on paternalism, authority, autonomy, and voluntariness~, "Public Reason, Objectivity, and Journalism in Liberal Democratic Societies," 2013, https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11158-013-9226-6~~#citeas LHP AV DOA: March 3, 2022 AND that reasonable people can reasonably be expected to view as acceptable and intelligible. Without the foundational trust of their citizens, the free press cannot fulfil its political role, like checking government power and educating the public, Fox continues:Carl Fox, ~Before joining the IDEA Centre, I completed my PhD, entitled Party to the Hypothetical Contract: Obligation, Legitimacy, and Autonomy, at the University of Sheffield. I have an MA in Philosophy from Sheffield, an MA in Journalism from Dublin City University, a BA in Philosophy and Political Science from Trinity College Dublin, and a gold star from my mother. Before coming to England to return to philosophy, I worked as a sub-editor for Real-Time Editing and Design. Research interests My doctoral research was rooted in the social contract tradition and aimed to build an account of the binding force of obligation that vindicates the significance of hypothetical consent and explains how political obligation, even when morally required, can still be voluntary. I also work on paternalism, authority, autonomy, and voluntariness~, "Public Reason, Objectivity, and Journalism in Liberal Democratic Societies," 2013, https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11158-013-9226-6~~#citeas LHP AV DOA: March 3, 2022 AND in the end, this is why ‘objectivity’ is so highly prized. However, objectivity does not necessitate uniformity across journalism. Controversial topics are still allowed, and in fact encouraged; they just must conform to objective standards, Fox continues:Carl Fox, ~Before joining the IDEA Centre, I completed my PhD, entitled Party to the Hypothetical Contract: Obligation, Legitimacy, and Autonomy, at the University of Sheffield. I have an MA in Philosophy from Sheffield, an MA in Journalism from Dublin City University, a BA in Philosophy and Political Science from Trinity College Dublin, and a gold star from my mother. Before coming to England to return to philosophy, I worked as a sub-editor for Real-Time Editing and Design. Research interests My doctoral research was rooted in the social contract tradition and aimed to build an account of the binding force of obligation that vindicates the significance of hypothetical consent and explains how political obligation, even when morally required, can still be voluntary. I also work on paternalism, authority, autonomy, and voluntariness~, "Public Reason, Objectivity, and Journalism in Liberal Democratic Societies," 2013, https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11158-013-9226-6~~#citeas LHP AV DOA: March 3, 2022 AND asymptotically, ever nearing an ideal which will serve as an ultimate standard. Additionally, these obligations are specific to the free press itself; even if advocacy journalism is important, that should be done by private citizens, not by the press. Fox continues:Carl Fox, ~Before joining the IDEA Centre, I completed my PhD, entitled Party to the Hypothetical Contract: Obligation, Legitimacy, and Autonomy, at the University of Sheffield. I have an MA in Philosophy from Sheffield, an MA in Journalism from Dublin City University, a BA in Philosophy and Political Science from Trinity College Dublin, and a gold star from my mother. Before coming to England to return to philosophy, I worked as a sub-editor for Real-Time Editing and Design. Research interests My doctoral research was rooted in the social contract tradition and aimed to build an account of the binding force of obligation that vindicates the significance of hypothetical consent and explains how political obligation, even when morally required, can still be voluntary. I also work on paternalism, authority, autonomy, and voluntariness~, "Public Reason, Objectivity, and Journalism in Liberal Democratic Societies," 2013, https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11158-013-9226-6~~#citeas LHP AV DOA: March 3, 2022 AND political role and that you should be allowed to do whatever you like. A key example of this is climate change. Climate science is accurate – a focus on objectivity means the press gives the hard facts, Kristen 20,O'Reilly, Kristen. "Whether Climate Change or Genocide, Deniers Use Similar Techniques, Says Theriault." Worcester State University News, 28 Oct. 2020, https://news.worcester.edu/whether-climate-change-or-genocide-deniers-use-similar-techniques-says-theriault/. LHP AB AND
| 3/5/22 |
MA22 - AC - Rawls v2Tournament: FFL States | Round: 3 | Opponent: Olympia BO | Judge: Abhilash Datti | 3/5/22 |
MA22 - AC - Rawls v3Tournament: FFL States | Round: 6 | Opponent: American Heritage Broward SS | Judge: Lotem Levy | 3/6/22 |
ND21 - AC - AgonismTournament: Glenbrooks | Round: 4 | Opponent: Harrison EM | Judge: Mark Kivimaki FrameworkThe meta-ethic is moral pluralism – ethics can’t be defined universally rather conflicting ethical viewpoints have equal ethical worth – prefer:First, ethics are based in language – It creates out ability to think and makes us agents – life outside language is deterministic and without morality Pettit 09:Phillip Pettit. Made With Words, Hobbes on Language, Mind, and Politics. 2009. http://www.jstor.com/stable/j.ctt7rp73.3 LHPYA AND to distinguish men from all other living creatures."(L 3.11). Language is structurally negative and doesn’t refer to reality – if I say I saw an oak tree you know I didn’t see a car or person but you can’t visualize what I did see – since our rationality is based in language truth is created by individuals rather than extrinsically found but that creates infinite violence over meaning creation - Parrish:Derrida`s Economy of Violence in Hobbes` Social Contract, Richard Parrish AND regarding whether or not a specific situation fits a commonly-held definition. However, the world doesn’t simply exist in irresolvable plurality. Pluralism creates constitutive competition over power within society. Only agonistic pluralism is capable of recognizing this and maintaining politics and ethics without arbitrarily granting power to certain groups by prioritizing their viewpoints. That means recognizing the Other’s right to their own ideas without labeling them an enemy to destroy – Mouffe 2k:(Chantal Mouffe, Professor at the Department of Political Science of the Institute for Advanced Studies. June 2000. "The Democratic Paradox") LHP YA AND
Thus, the standard is consistency with agonistic pluralism.Impact Calc:A~ There are 3 ways states can orient themselves with the us/them distinction: First, universality, in which they falsely deny the distinction’s existence, second, antagonism, in which you try to destroy the other, and third, agonism in which you accept the others’ difference. Since the resolution is a question of how states should interact, the only way to deny my framework is to prove either antagonism or false universality is better than agonism.B~ Agonism posits the conditions for truth construction – that means it functions as a metaethical constraint on other ethics and they aren’t competitive with our principle.Prefer the standard:1~ Actor specificity – the resolution is a question of what an ideal state ought to do - the state necessitates the paradox of exclusion — the necessary determination of who belongs to the state requires the exclusion of who doesn’t while including everyone makes exercising rights impossible - Mouffe 2:(Chantal Mouffe, Professor at the Department of Political Science of the Institute for Advanced Studies. June 2000. "The Democratic Paradox") AND are the ‘demos’ and the ‘people’." (41-44) 2~ K Solvency –A~ Only a state that accepts opposing views can ever be open to radical revision – other systems insist on their own foundation and can’t accommodate changing views that make them exclusionary or illegitimate. Controls the internal link to other evaluative mechanisms: agonism makes it possible to implement them AND be receptive of the demands of justice to comeB~ Controls the internal link to all K alts and radical politics – the ability to speak out and fight for particular reforms is guaranteed by the agonistic mindset – alternatives shut down the collective ability to communicate to others to advance that agenda.C~ Mobilization requires pragmatic demands - Mouffe 16:Shahid, Waleed. "America in Populist Times: An Interview With Chantal Mouffe." The Nation, 15 Dec. 2016, www.thenation.com/article/archive/america-in-populist-times-an-interview-with-chantal-mouffe/. LHPYA AND bonds of solidarity must be actively constructed by leaders with care and discipline. 3~ Rule-following – there’s no correct interpretation of a rule, so only agonism is legitimate – it opens up spaces for diverse interpretations, Mouffe 4:Chantal Mouffe, ~Chantal Mouffe (French: ~muf~; born 17 June 1943)~1~ is a Belgian political theorist, formerly teaching at University of Westminster.~2~ She is best known for her contribution to the development—jointly with Ernesto Laclau, with whom she co-authored Hegemony and Socialist Strategy—of the so-called Essex School of discourse analysis,~3~~4~ a type of post-Marxist political inquiry drawing on Gramsci, post-structuralism and theories of identity, and redefining Leftist politics in terms of radical democracy. Her highest cited publication is Hegemony and Socialist Strategy: Towards a Radical Democratic Politics.~5~ She is also the author of influential works on agonistic political theory, including Agonistics: Thinking the World Politically and The Democratic Paradox.~ 2000, "The Democratic Paradox" LHP AV AND formulation, and this is why his contribution to democratic thinking is invaluable. 4~ Contradictions – willing lack of inquiry is a contradiction in terms because the assertion of a statement presupposes the validity of judgments in relation to a community of testers. Putnam 90:A RECONSIDERATION OF DEWEYAN DEMOCRACY HILARY PUTNAM* Walter Beverly Pearson Professor of Mathematical Logic, Harvard University. 1990 AND then I am committed to the idea of a possible community of inquirers. 5~ Performativity – debate assumes that difference exists, which is specifically true for switch side debate, and debate must protect the right to disagree without being targeted for your difference to ensure safety. That is a constitutive necessity of discourse spaces that outweighs on a pre and post fiat layer.A~ it is specific to the judge’s obligation in the debate space, not just educational spaceB~ switch side debate could not exist without agonism, making it a pre-requisite to being in debate in the first placeOffensePlan: Resolved: A just government ought to recognize an unconditional right of workers to strike except for police officers. Nolan 20:Nolan , Hamilton. "It's Time to Kick Police Unions out of the Labor Movement. They Aren't Allies | Hamilton Nolan." The Guardian, Guardian News and Media, 13 June 2020, https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2020/jun/13/police-unions-afl-cio-labor-movement?ref=hvper.com. LHP PS AND guarding the door. Time to make a choice. People over police. Recognizing the right to strike allows workers to engage in a form of violence, but one that can remain in the control of the state, and not escalate out of control of the law. Crepon and Bez 19:Crépon, Marc, and Micol Bez. "The Right to Strike and Legal War in Walter Benjamin's "Toward the Critique of Violence"." Critical Times 2.2 (2019): 252-260. AND
That links to my framework – objectivity is impossible so procedures for agonism have to be institutionalized, Mouffe 6:Chantal Mouffe, ~Chantal Mouffe (French: ~muf~; born 17 June 1943)~1~ is a Belgian political theorist, formerly teaching at University of Westminster.~2~ She is best known for her contribution to the development—jointly with Ernesto Laclau, with whom she co-authored Hegemony and Socialist Strategy—of the so-called Essex School of discourse analysis,~3~~4~ a type of post-Marxist political inquiry drawing on Gramsci, post-structuralism and theories of identity, and redefining Leftist politics in terms of radical democracy. Her highest cited publication is Hegemony and Socialist Strategy: Towards a Radical Democratic Politics.~5~ She is also the author of influential works on agonistic political theory, including Agonistics: Thinking the World Politically and The Democratic Paradox.~ 2000, "The Democratic Paradox" LHP AV AND thinking which disguises the necessary frontiers and forms of exclusion behind pretenses of 'neutrality' ROBThe role of the ballot is to evaluate the truth or falsity of the resolution through a normatively justified framework via fair, safe, and educational arguments. no tricks, yes phil and yes theory. Prefer it –1~ Reciprocity – normative frameworks provide a reciprocal burden of justifying an obligation with the ability to turn them – other frameworks are arbitrarily impact exclusive and don’t articulate a 1-1 burden2~ Philosophy – only our role of the ballot incentivizes nuanced discussions over the interactions of different ethical theories. That comes first –A~ constitutivism – LD debate is a values debate which means the intrinsic purpose of the activity is philosophical discussionB~ hijacks any voter – the question of why those are good relies on philosophical justification, ie constitutivism or something.MethodForms of fragmented politics completely cedes the political to capitalism. Engagement in undercommon communication is too individualized and resists collective and concrete change. This constitutes enjoyment of melancholic pleasures of being distanced and accommodated to the real world, and as a result remains stuck in parasitic oppression without change – Dean 13:"Communist Desire", Jodi Dean, , 2013, LHP AM AND as they capture us in activities that feel productive, important, radical. | 11/21/21 |
ND21 - AC - Civic RepublicanismTournament: Blue Key | Round: 2 | Opponent: Bellarmine AK | Judge: Tajaih Robinson 1AC Blue Key Round 2 vs. Bellarmine AK1acFrameworkFreedom is a primary ethical good –1~ In setting an end, every agent must recognize freedom as a necessary good, Gewirth 84 bracketed for grammar and gendered language~Alan Gewirth, () "The Ontological Basis of Natural Law: A Critique and an Alternative" American Journal Of Jurisprudence: Vol. 29: Iss. 1 Article 5, 1984, https://scholarship.law.nd.edu/ajj/vol29/iss1/5/, DOA:9-10-2018 WWBW Recut LHP AV~ AND consistency with the material consideration of the generic features and rights of action. 2~ The exercise of practical rationality requires that one regards practical rationality as intrinsically good – that justifies a right to freedom.Wood 07 ~Allen W. Wood, (Stanford University, California) "Kantian Ethics" Cambridge University Press, 2007, https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/kantian-ethics/769B8CD9FCC74DB6870189AE1645FAC8, DOA:8-12-2020 WWBW~ AND is an end in itself whether the person is morally good or bad. There are two models of freedom—the non-interference model and the non-domination model. The non-interference model holds that a person’s freedom is violated if they are actually interfered with, while the non-domination model holds that a person’s freedom is violated if someone has the capacity to arbitrarily interfere in their life. Only the non-domination model can ground legitimate state interference and cohere with intuitions about freedom. Pettit 12:Philip Pettit, "Legitimacy and Justice in Republican Perspective" Current Legal Problems, 2012 RE Recut LHP AV AND , I turn to a consideration of this challenge in the final section. Thus, the standard is consistency with freedom as non-domination, defined as establishing institutional constraints that eliminate the capacity for arbitrary interference.Impact calc – power can be exercised non-arbitrarily insofar as those interfered with have control over domination, Pettit 2:Pettit P. Freedom in the market. Politics, Philosophy and Economics. 2006;5(2):131-149. doi:10.1177/1470594X06064218 LHP AV Accessed 7/4/21 AND , but under the republican approach it will not take such freedom away. Prefer –1~ Discourse – Any genuine discourse requires non-domination and concedes its authority. Pettit 3 bracketed for glang:PETTIT, PHILIP. "THE DOMINATION COMPLAINT." Nomos, vol. 46, 2005, pp. 87–117. JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/24220143. Accessed 19 Aug. 2020. AND that person a real voice or give him or her a genuine hearing. 2~ Oppression – Domination as a condition takes away a person’s status as human – categorical dehumanization is created by communal recognition of domination. Pettit 4:PETTIT, PHILIP. "THE DOMINATION COMPLAINT." Nomos, vol. 46, 2005, pp. 87–117. JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/24220143. Accessed 19 Aug. 2020. AND that cower at their masters' feet or snuggle that up their mistress’s skirt. 3~ Sociality – Agents are constructed by recognition through the other. However, that leaves agents vulnerable to denial by the not-I. This commits agents to mutual recognition. Wood:Allen W. Wood, "Fichte's Philosophy of Right and Ethics," forthcoming in Günter Zöller (ed). The Cambridge Companion to Fichte. New York: Cambridge University Press. AND the starting point of the external sphere recognized by others must be its body ContentionAbsent a right to strike, workers are dominated –1~ Structural Domination – a labor market structurally requires exploitation and domination – workers need an alternative, Gourevitch 16:Gourevitch, A.. "Quitting Work but Not the Job: Liberty and the Right to Strike." Perspectives on Politics 14 (2016): 307 - 323. LHP AV Accessed 7/4/21 AND refuse to believe that they can overcome their exploitation through purely individual efforts. 2~ Workplace Domination – authority within the workplace arbitrarily resides in the hands of employers, which alienates and dominates workers, Gourevitch 2:Gourevitch, A.. "Quitting Work but Not the Job: Liberty and the Right to Strike." Perspectives on Politics 14 (2016): 307 - 323. LHP AV Accessed 7/4/21 AND labor legislation) or that she owes obligations of deference to the employer. Thus, the plan: A just government ought to recognize an unconditional right of workers to strike. Gourevitch 3:Gourevitch, A.. "Quitting Work but Not the Job: Liberty and the Right to Strike." Perspectives on Politics 14 (2016): 307 - 323. LHP AV Accessed 7/4/21 AND jobs from which they have withdrawn performance belong to them, they maintain. Current legal norms effectively eliminate a right to strike – the aff’s philosophical defense grounds an unconditional right to strike that’s distinct from the traditional voluntarist version, Gourevitch 4:Gourevitch, A.. "Quitting Work but Not the Job: Liberty and the Right to Strike." Perspectives on Politics 14 (2016): 307 - 323. LHP AV Accessed 7/4/21 AND commodification of ‘labor-power’ subjects workers to overlapping forms of unfreedom. The plan solves –1~ Power – it reverses power relationships and challenges the structure of economic control itself – that alleviates domination, Gourevitch 5:Gourevitch, A.. "Quitting Work but Not the Job: Liberty and the Right to Strike." Perspectives on Politics 14 (2016): 307 - 323. LHP AV Accessed 7/4/21 AND is why they may not take jobs that striking workers refuse to perform. 2~ Decommodification – strikes challenge the notion of labor as a mere commodity – that empowers workers and resists arbitrary managerial authority, Gourevitch 6:Gourevitch, A.. "Quitting Work but Not the Job: Liberty and the Right to Strike." Perspectives on Politics 14 (2016): 307 - 323. LHP AV Accessed 7/4/21 AND Burns 2011, 47-55; Atleson 1983, 67-96). Theory1~ 1ar theory – the aff gets it because otherwise the neg can get away with infinite abuse. It’s drop the debater because the 1ar and 2ar are both too short to win theory and substance.2~ Fairness is a voter – it’s key to objective evaluation of who the better debater is which is the judge’s obligation. Absent fairness, it’s impossible to test which arguments are true because they weren’t subject to rigorous contestation.MethodThe aff aligns itself with historical labor movements that challenged industrial capitalism and wage-slavery – that opens up the potentiality for cooperative control over the means of production, Gourevitch 7:Gourevitch, Alex. "Labor Republicanism and the Transformation of Work." Political Theory, vol. 41, no. 4, 2013, pp. 591–617. JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/23484596. Accessed 6 July 2021. LHP AV AND conceptual possibilities for thinking about work and economy that these labor republicans inspire. Any resistance to systemic injustice must be based on a comprehensive normative theory which determines what the best response to specific injustices are – 4 warrants – Laurence,Laurence, Ben. "The Priority of Ideal Theory." PDF File. LHPYA AND about practical reasoning, which all depend on ideal theory for their systematic character | 10/30/21 |
ND21 - AC - Civic Republicanism v2Tournament: Blue Key | Round: 3 | Opponent: American Heritage MR | Judge: Curtis Chang 1acFrameworkFreedom is a primary ethical good –1~ In setting an end, every agent must recognize freedom as a necessary good, Gewirth 84 bracketed for grammar and gendered language~Alan Gewirth, () "The Ontological Basis of Natural Law: A Critique and an Alternative" American Journal Of Jurisprudence: Vol. 29: Iss. 1 Article 5, 1984, https://scholarship.law.nd.edu/ajj/vol29/iss1/5/, DOA:9-10-2018 WWBW Recut LHP AV~ AND consistency with the material consideration of the generic features and rights of action. 2~ The exercise of practical rationality requires that one regards practical rationality as intrinsically good – that justifies a right to freedom.Wood 07 ~Allen W. Wood, (Stanford University, California) "Kantian Ethics" Cambridge University Press, 2007, https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/kantian-ethics/769B8CD9FCC74DB6870189AE1645FAC8, DOA:8-12-2020 WWBW~ AND is an end in itself whether the person is morally good or bad. There are two models of freedom—the non-interference model and the non-domination model. The non-interference model holds that a person’s freedom is violated if they are actually interfered with, while the non-domination model holds that a person’s freedom is violated if someone has the capacity to arbitrarily interfere in their life. Only the non-domination model can ground legitimate state interference and cohere with intuitions about freedom. Pettit 12:Philip Pettit, "Legitimacy and Justice in Republican Perspective" Current Legal Problems, 2012 RE Recut LHP AV AND , I turn to a consideration of this challenge in the final section. Thus, the standard is consistency with freedom as non-domination, defined as establishing institutional constraints that eliminate the capacity for arbitrary interference.Impact calc – power can be exercised non-arbitrarily insofar as those interfered with have control over domination, Pettit 2:Pettit P. Freedom in the market. Politics, Philosophy and Economics. 2006;5(2):131-149. doi:10.1177/1470594X06064218 LHP AV Accessed 7/4/21 AND , but under the republican approach it will not take such freedom away. Prefer –1~ Discourse – Any genuine discourse requires non-domination and concedes its authority. Pettit 3 bracketed for glang:PETTIT, PHILIP. "THE DOMINATION COMPLAINT." Nomos, vol. 46, 2005, pp. 87–117. JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/24220143. Accessed 19 Aug. 2020. AND that person a real voice or give him or her a genuine hearing. 2~ Oppression – Domination as a condition takes away a person’s status as human – categorical dehumanization is created by communal recognition of domination. Pettit 4:PETTIT, PHILIP. "THE DOMINATION COMPLAINT." Nomos, vol. 46, 2005, pp. 87–117. JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/24220143. Accessed 19 Aug. 2020. AND that cower at their masters' feet or snuggle that up their mistress’s skirt. ContentionAbsent a right to strike, workers are dominated –1~ Structural Domination – a labor market structurally requires exploitation and domination – workers need an alternative, Gourevitch 16:Gourevitch, A.. "Quitting Work but Not the Job: Liberty and the Right to Strike." Perspectives on Politics 14 (2016): 307 - 323. LHP AV Accessed 7/4/21 AND refuse to believe that they can overcome their exploitation through purely individual efforts. 2~ Workplace Domination – authority within the workplace arbitrarily resides in the hands of employers, which alienates and dominates workers, Gourevitch 2:Gourevitch, A.. "Quitting Work but Not the Job: Liberty and the Right to Strike." Perspectives on Politics 14 (2016): 307 - 323. LHP AV Accessed 7/4/21 AND labor legislation) or that she owes obligations of deference to the employer. Thus, the plan: A just government ought to recognize an unconditional right of workers to strike. Gourevitch 3:Gourevitch, A.. "Quitting Work but Not the Job: Liberty and the Right to Strike." Perspectives on Politics 14 (2016): 307 - 323. LHP AV Accessed 7/4/21 AND jobs from which they have withdrawn performance belong to them, they maintain. Current legal norms effectively eliminate a right to strike – the aff’s philosophical defense grounds an unconditional right to strike that’s distinct from the traditional voluntarist version, Gourevitch 4:Gourevitch, A.. "Quitting Work but Not the Job: Liberty and the Right to Strike." Perspectives on Politics 14 (2016): 307 - 323. LHP AV Accessed 7/4/21 AND commodification of ‘labor-power’ subjects workers to overlapping forms of unfreedom. The plan solves –1~ Power – it reverses power relationships and challenges the structure of economic control itself – that alleviates domination, Gourevitch 5:Gourevitch, A.. "Quitting Work but Not the Job: Liberty and the Right to Strike." Perspectives on Politics 14 (2016): 307 - 323. LHP AV Accessed 7/4/21 AND is why they may not take jobs that striking workers refuse to perform. 2~ Decommodification – strikes challenge the notion of labor as a mere commodity – that empowers workers and resists arbitrary managerial authority, Gourevitch 6:Gourevitch, A.. "Quitting Work but Not the Job: Liberty and the Right to Strike." Perspectives on Politics 14 (2016): 307 - 323. LHP AV Accessed 7/4/21 AND Burns 2011, 47-55; Atleson 1983, 67-96). Theory1~ 1ar theory – the aff gets it because otherwise the neg can get away with infinite abuse. It’s drop the debater because the 1ar and 2ar are both too short to win theory and substance.2~ Fairness is a voter – it’s key to objective evaluation of who the better debater is which is the judge’s obligation. Absent fairness, it’s impossible to test which arguments are true because they weren’t subject to rigorous contestation.3~ Presumption and permissibility affirm –A~ we presume statements true – if I said my name was Arjun, you would believe me absent evidence to the contraryB~ affirming is harder – the 1ar has to answer 7 minutes of offense and hedge against a 6 minute 2nr collapse and empirics – presumption is this card’s only implication, Shah 1-29,~Sachin Shah "A Statistical Analysis of the Impact of the Transition to Online Tournaments in Lincoln-Douglas Debate by Sachin Shah." January 29, 2021, http://nsdupdate.com/2021/a-statistical-analysis-of-the-impact-of-the-transition-to-online-tournaments-in-lincoln-douglas-debate-by-sachin-shah/~~ AND be structural and not topic specific as this analysis now includes 18 topics. MethodThe aff aligns itself with historical labor movements that challenged industrial capitalism and wage-slavery – that opens up the potentiality for cooperative control over the means of production, Gourevitch 7:Gourevitch, Alex. "Labor Republicanism and the Transformation of Work." Political Theory, vol. 41, no. 4, 2013, pp. 591–617. JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/23484596. Accessed 6 July 2021. LHP AV AND conceptual possibilities for thinking about work and economy that these labor republicans inspire. Any resistance to systemic injustice must be based on a comprehensive normative theory which determines what the best response to specific injustices are – 4 warrants – Laurence,Laurence, Ben. "The Priority of Ideal Theory." PDF File. LHPYA AND about practical reasoning, which all depend on ideal theory for their systematic character | 10/30/21 |
ND21 - AC - Civic Republicanism v3Tournament: Blue Key | Round: 6 | Opponent: Strake Jesuit MS | Judge: Rohith Sudhakar 1acFrameworkFreedom is a primary ethical good –1~ In setting an end, every agent must recognize freedom as a necessary good, Gewirth 84 bracketed for grammar and gendered language~Alan Gewirth, () "The Ontological Basis of Natural Law: A Critique and an Alternative" American Journal Of Jurisprudence: Vol. 29: Iss. 1 Article 5, 1984, https://scholarship.law.nd.edu/ajj/vol29/iss1/5/, DOA:9-10-2018 WWBW Recut LHP AV~ AND consistency with the material consideration of the generic features and rights of action. 2~ The exercise of practical rationality requires that one regards practical rationality as intrinsically good – that justifies a right to freedom.Wood 07 ~Allen W. Wood, (Stanford University, California) "Kantian Ethics" Cambridge University Press, 2007, https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/kantian-ethics/769B8CD9FCC74DB6870189AE1645FAC8, DOA:8-12-2020 WWBW~ AND is an end in itself whether the person is morally good or bad. There are two models of freedom—the non-interference model and the non-domination model. The non-interference model holds that a person’s freedom is violated if they are actually interfered with, while the non-domination model holds that a person’s freedom is violated if someone has the capacity to arbitrarily interfere in their life. Only the non-domination model can ground legitimate state interference and cohere with intuitions about freedom. Pettit 12:Philip Pettit, "Legitimacy and Justice in Republican Perspective" Current Legal Problems, 2012 RE Recut LHP AV AND , I turn to a consideration of this challenge in the final section. Thus, the standard is consistency with freedom as non-domination, defined as establishing institutional constraints that eliminate the capacity for arbitrary interference.Even though this view of freedom is situated in the world, politics always fails unless it engages first from the perspective of protecting freedom – the reason people may care about consequences is because of reciprocal relations. Nicholas 21 bracketed for grammar:*bracketed for grammar* Nicholas, L. (2021). Remembering Simone de Beauvoir’s "ethics of ambiguity" to challenge contemporary divides: feminism beyond both sex and gender. Feminist Theory, 22(2), 226–247. doi:10.1177/1464700120988641 AND institutions and relationships that allow for oppression and hierarchy in the first place. Prefer –1~ Discourse – Any genuine discourse requires non-domination and concedes its authority. Pettit 2 bracketed for glang:PETTIT, PHILIP. "THE DOMINATION COMPLAINT." Nomos, vol. 46, 2005, pp. 87–117. JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/24220143. Accessed 19 Aug. 2020. AND that person a real voice or give him or her a genuine hearing. 2~ Oppression – Domination as a condition takes away a person’s status as human – categorical dehumanization is created by communal recognition of domination. Pettit 3:PETTIT, PHILIP. "THE DOMINATION COMPLAINT." Nomos, vol. 46, 2005, pp. 87–117. JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/24220143. Accessed 19 Aug. 2020. AND that cower at their masters' feet or snuggle that up their mistress’s skirt. ContentionAbsent a right to strike, workers are dominated –1~ Structural Domination – a labor market structurally requires exploitation and domination – workers need an alternative, Gourevitch 16:Gourevitch, A.. "Quitting Work but Not the Job: Liberty and the Right to Strike." Perspectives on Politics 14 (2016): 307 - 323. LHP AV Accessed 7/4/21 AND refuse to believe that they can overcome their exploitation through purely individual efforts. 2~ Workplace Domination – authority within the workplace arbitrarily resides in the hands of employers, which alienates and dominates workers, Gourevitch 2:Gourevitch, A.. "Quitting Work but Not the Job: Liberty and the Right to Strike." Perspectives on Politics 14 (2016): 307 - 323. LHP AV Accessed 7/4/21 AND labor legislation) or that she owes obligations of deference to the employer. Thus, the plan: A just government ought to recognize an unconditional right of workers to strike. Gourevitch 3:Gourevitch, A.. "Quitting Work but Not the Job: Liberty and the Right to Strike." Perspectives on Politics 14 (2016): 307 - 323. LHP AV Accessed 7/4/21 AND jobs from which they have withdrawn performance belong to them, they maintain. Current legal norms effectively eliminate a right to strike – the aff’s philosophical defense grounds an unconditional right to strike that’s distinct from the traditional voluntarist version, Gourevitch 4:Gourevitch, A.. "Quitting Work but Not the Job: Liberty and the Right to Strike." Perspectives on Politics 14 (2016): 307 - 323. LHP AV Accessed 7/4/21 AND commodification of ‘labor-power’ subjects workers to overlapping forms of unfreedom. The plan solves –1~ Power – it reverses power relationships and challenges the structure of economic control itself – that alleviates domination, Gourevitch 5:Gourevitch, A.. "Quitting Work but Not the Job: Liberty and the Right to Strike." Perspectives on Politics 14 (2016): 307 - 323. LHP AV Accessed 7/4/21 AND is why they may not take jobs that striking workers refuse to perform. 2~ Decommodification – strikes challenge the notion of labor as a mere commodity – that empowers workers and resists arbitrary managerial authority, Gourevitch 6:Gourevitch, A.. "Quitting Work but Not the Job: Liberty and the Right to Strike." Perspectives on Politics 14 (2016): 307 - 323. LHP AV Accessed 7/4/21 AND Burns 2011, 47-55; Atleson 1983, 67-96). Theory1~ 1ar theory – the aff gets it because otherwise the neg can get away with infinite abuse. It’s drop the debater because the 1ar and 2ar are both too short to win theory and substance.2~ Fairness is a voter – it’s key to objective evaluation of who the better debater is which is the judge’s obligation. Absent fairness, it’s impossible to test which arguments are true because they weren’t subject to rigorous contestation.3~ Presumption and permissibility affirm –A~ we presume statements true – if I said my name was Arjun, you would believe me absent evidence to the contraryB~ affirming is harder – the 1ar has to answer 7 minutes of offense and hedge against a 6 minute 2nr collapse and empirics – presumption is this card’s only implication, Shah 1-29,~Sachin Shah "A Statistical Analysis of the Impact of the Transition to Online Tournaments in Lincoln-Douglas Debate by Sachin Shah." January 29, 2021, http://nsdupdate.com/2021/a-statistical-analysis-of-the-impact-of-the-transition-to-online-tournaments-in-lincoln-douglas-debate-by-sachin-shah/~~ AND be structural and not topic specific as this analysis now includes 18 topics. ROBThe role of the ballot is to evaluate the truth or falsity of the resolution through a normatively justified framework via fair, safe, and educational arguments. No skep, no tricks, yes phil and yes theory. Prefer it –1~ Reciprocity – normative frameworks provide a reciprocal burden of justifying an obligation with the ability to turn them – other frameworks are arbitrarily impact exclusive and don’t articulate a 1-1 burden2~ Philosophy – only our role of the ballot incentivizes nuanced discussions over the interactions of different ethical theories. That comes first –A~ constitutivism – LD debate is a values debate which means the intrinsic purpose of the activity is philosophical discussionB~ hijacks any voter – the question of why those are good relies on philosophical justification, ie constitutivism or something.3~ Collapses – A~ any framing presupposes a motivation to vote one way or another which means all framings concede the validity of normativity B~ Ethics comes prior to logical truth, Peirce 02:CS Peirce, "CP 2.198" 1902, https://colorysemiotica.files.wordpress.com/2014/08/peirce-collectedpapers.pdf LHP AV AND it; but my labors will have done good work toward its improvement. MethodThe aff aligns itself with historical labor movements that challenged industrial capitalism and wage-slavery – that opens up the potentiality for cooperative control over the means of production, Gourevitch 7:Gourevitch, Alex. "Labor Republicanism and the Transformation of Work." Political Theory, vol. 41, no. 4, 2013, pp. 591–617. JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/23484596. Accessed 6 July 2021. LHP AV AND conceptual possibilities for thinking about work and economy that these labor republicans inspire. Any resistance to systemic injustice must be based on a comprehensive normative theory which determines what the best response to specific injustices are – 4 warrants – Laurence,Laurence, Ben. "The Priority of Ideal Theory." PDF File. LHPYA AND about practical reasoning, which all depend on ideal theory for their systematic character | 10/30/21 |
ND21 - AC - Civic Republicanism v4Tournament: Glenbrooks | Round: 5 | Opponent: Houston Memorial DX | Judge: Raunak Dua | 11/21/21 |
ND21 - AC - ComradeTournament: Glenbrooks | Round: 1 | Opponent: Harker AR | Judge: Lukas Krause 1acPart 1 – The Capitalist InfosphereCapitalism has evolved. In the infosphere, workers are no longer hired, but bought as packets of time, disconnected from any collectivity and without labor relations. No longer people, they are machines to the capitalist system. Only through an existential continuity of the comrade is solvency possible, Berardi 11:Franco Berardi, "After The Future," 2011 AND continuity, we lack the conditions for cellularized bodies to become a community. Only the collective can control the subjectivity and power necessary to have existential continuity and solve cap. This is contrary to capitalist logic, which suppresses the crowd in favor of individualism. Dean 16:Jodl Dean, "Crowds and Party" 2016 LHP AV AND intense: the crowd expresses the paradoxical power of the people as subject. Capitalism is a death cult and the apocalypse is already happening. Without an unshakable commitment to the total and complete rejection of the fetishization capitalist value, we will all die like the dinosaurs, Allinson 21Allinson, J. (2021). The tragedy of the worker: towards the proletarocene. Verso Books. pg 8-17 AND of ‘adaptation’ has become the ideology of capitalism’s triumph over all life. Part 2 – MicroworkMicrowork preys on the marginalized – individuals label data and do scattered freelance tasks key to the existence of the wealthy tech companies responsible for their displacement under a brutal capitalist system – Jones 21,Jones, Phil. (Phil Jones is a researcher for the think tank Autonomy. He regularly writes for publications such as the London Review of Books, the Guardian, the New Statesman and Novara Media). Work Without the Worker: Labour in the Age of Platform Capitalism. Verso Books, 2021. LHP AB AND to search for another task, workers constantly oscillate between the two states. Micro and platform workers striking would crush big tech’s power over the masses – however, companies, aided by current national structures, stifle any opportunity for this, Jones 2:Jones, Phil. (Phil Jones is a researcher for the think tank Autonomy. He regularly writes for publications such as the London Review of Books, the Guardian, the New Statesman and Novara Media). Work Without the Worker: Labour in the Age of Platform Capitalism. Verso Books, 2021. LHP AB AND a nascent digital militancy into a proper movement still remains to be seen. Platform and micro-work functions to evade legal protections by situating workers in a third zone of sub-employment as neither workers nor non-workers. All future labor rights including striking depend on the firm classification of micro-work as work.Thus, the plan: A just government ought to recognize the unconditional right of platform and micro-workers to strike. This is the only way to firmly assert their status as workers rather than fragmented surplus populations, raising their class consciousness along with providing tools for resistance Leterme and Dufresne 21:Dufresne, Anne, and Cédric Leterme. "App Workers United." The Left in the European Parliament, European Parliamentary Group, Jan. 2021, https://mirador-multinationales.be/IMG/pdf/study'empl'version'finale'en.pdf. LHP AB AND representation and collective bargaining practices. At the same time, there is another The aff improves material conditions and collectivizes workers, Dufresne 2:Dufresne, Anne, and Cédric Leterme. "App Workers United." The Left in the European Parliament, European Parliamentary Group, Jan. 2021, https://mirador-multinationales.be/IMG/pdf/study'empl'version'finale'en.pdf. LHP AB AND the current course of the "digital transition" (JNC, 2019) Part 3 – The ComradeThe relationship of the comrade – one oriented toward a better future – provides the means necessary for organization to solve capitalism and create any coherent resistance movements, Dean 19:JODI DEAN, January 18, 2019, "Capitalism is the End of the World" https://mediationsjournal.org/articles/end-of-world LHP AV AND lose our comrades. The fact of an end should not forestall beginning. Thus, the role of the ballot is promoting the politics of the comrade – a new relation towards an emancipatory future. This is a pre-fiat methodological resistance strategy that applies to debate.Independently:1~ Forms of fragmented politics completely cedes the political to capitalism. Engagement in under common communication is too individualized and resists collective and concrete change. This constitutes enjoyment of melancholic pleasures of being distanced and accommodated to the real world, and as a result remains stuck in parasitic oppression without change. Dean 13:"Communist Desire", Jodi Dean, , 2013, LHP AM AND as they capture us in activities that feel productive, important, radical. 2~ The only way to make radical change is through a process of finding a target and building a movement – targeted demands are key, Malm 21:Malm, Andreas. "We Must Nationalise Total." Versobooks.com, 2021, https://www.versobooks.com/blogs/5168-we-must-nationalise-total. AND include forms of destruction of property, and that could increase the pressure. | 11/20/21 |
ND21 - AC - Comrade v2Tournament: Glenbrooks | Round: Doubles | Opponent: Basis Peoria PY | Judge: Holden Bukowsky - River Cook - Avery Wilson 1acPart 1 – The Capitalist InfosphereCapitalism has evolved. In the infosphere, workers are no longer hired, but bought as packets of time, disconnected from any collectivity and without labor relations. No longer people, they are machines to the capitalist system. Only through an existential continuity of the comrade is solvency possible, Berardi 11:Franco Berardi, "After The Future," 2011 AND continuity, we lack the conditions for cellularized bodies to become a community. Only the collective can control the subjectivity and power necessary to have existential continuity and solve cap. This is contrary to capitalist logic, which suppresses the crowd in favor of individualism. Dean 16:Jodl Dean, "Crowds and Party" 2016 LHP AV AND intense: the crowd expresses the paradoxical power of the people as subject. Capitalism is a death cult and the apocalypse is already happening. Without an unshakable commitment to the total and complete rejection of the fetishization capitalist value, we will all die like the dinosaurs, Allinson 21Allinson, J. (2021). The tragedy of the worker: towards the proletarocene. Verso Books. pg 8-17 AND of ‘adaptation’ has become the ideology of capitalism’s triumph over all life. Part 2 – MicroworkMicrowork preys on the marginalized – individuals label data and do scattered freelance tasks key to the existence of the wealthy tech companies responsible for their displacement under a brutal capitalist system – Jones 21,Jones, Phil. (Phil Jones is a researcher for the think tank Autonomy. He regularly writes for publications such as the London Review of Books, the Guardian, the New Statesman and Novara Media). Work Without the Worker: Labour in the Age of Platform Capitalism. Verso Books, 2021. LHP AB AND to search for another task, workers constantly oscillate between the two states. Micro and platform workers striking would crush big tech’s power over the masses – however, companies, aided by current national structures, stifle any opportunity for this, Jones 2:Jones, Phil. (Phil Jones is a researcher for the think tank Autonomy. He regularly writes for publications such as the London Review of Books, the Guardian, the New Statesman and Novara Media). Work Without the Worker: Labour in the Age of Platform Capitalism. Verso Books, 2021. LHP AB AND a nascent digital militancy into a proper movement still remains to be seen. Platform and micro-work functions to evade legal protections by situating workers in a third zone of sub-employment as neither workers nor non-workers. All future labor rights including striking depend on the firm classification of micro-work as work.Thus, the plan: A just government ought to recognize the unconditional right of platform and micro-workers to strike. This is the only way to firmly assert their status as workers rather than fragmented surplus populations, raising their class consciousness along with providing tools for resistance Leterme and Dufresne 21:Dufresne, Anne, and Cédric Leterme. "App Workers United." The Left in the European Parliament, European Parliamentary Group, Jan. 2021, https://mirador-multinationales.be/IMG/pdf/study'empl'version'finale'en.pdf. LHP AB AND representation and collective bargaining practices. At the same time, there is another The aff improves material conditions and collectivizes workers, Dufresne 2:Dufresne, Anne, and Cédric Leterme. "App Workers United." The Left in the European Parliament, European Parliamentary Group, Jan. 2021, https://mirador-multinationales.be/IMG/pdf/study'empl'version'finale'en.pdf. LHP AB AND the current course of the "digital transition" (JNC, 2019) Part 3 – The ComradeThe relationship of the comrade – one oriented toward a better future – provides the means necessary for organization to solve capitalism and create any coherent resistance movements, Dean 19:JODI DEAN, January 18, 2019, "Capitalism is the End of the World" https://mediationsjournal.org/articles/end-of-world LHP AV AND lose our comrades. The fact of an end should not forestall beginning. Thus, the role of the ballot is promoting the politics of the comrade – a new relation towards an emancipatory future. This is a pre-fiat methodological resistance strategy that applies to debate.Independently:1~ Forms of fragmented politics completely cedes the political to capitalism. Engagement in under common communication is too individualized and resists collective and concrete change. This constitutes enjoyment of melancholic pleasures of being distanced and accommodated to the real world, and as a result remains stuck in parasitic oppression without change. Dean 13:"Communist Desire", Jodi Dean, , 2013, LHP AM AND as they capture us in activities that feel productive, important, radical. 2~ The only way to make radical change is through a process of finding a target and building a movement – targeted demands are key, Malm 21:Malm, Andreas. "We Must Nationalise Total." Versobooks.com, 2021, https://www.versobooks.com/blogs/5168-we-must-nationalise-total. AND include forms of destruction of property, and that could increase the pressure. | 11/23/21 |
SO21 - AC - Data ExclusivityTournament: Yale | Round: 6 | Opponent: Loveless Academy RR | Judge: Saied Beckford | 9/21/21 |
SO21 - AC - Data Exclusivity v2Tournament: Bronx | Round: 5 | Opponent: Basis Peoria PY | Judge: Ben Cortez | 10/16/21 |
SO21 - AC - Data Exclusivity v3Tournament: Bronx | Round: Doubles | Opponent: Harrison AC | Judge: Passa Pungchai - Nathan Frenkel - Justin Flynn | 10/17/21 |
SO21 - AC - Kant v01Tournament: Yale Invitational | Round: 1 | Opponent: Scarsdale JT | Judge: Favian Sun | 10/16/21 |
SO21 - AC - Kant v02Tournament: Yale Invitational | Round: 4 | Opponent: Montville SH | Judge: Animesh Joshi | 10/16/21 |
SO21 - AC - Kant v03Tournament: Valley Round Robin | Round: 1 | Opponent: Lexington BF | Judge: Wyatt Hatfield - Alex Dumas 1acFrameworkThe meta-ethic is practical reason.A~ Bindingness – Any obligation must not only tell us what is good, but why we ought to be good or else agents can reject the value of goodness itself. That means ethics must start with what is constitutive of agents since it traces obligations to features that are intrinsic to being an agent – as an agent you must follow certain rules. Only practical agency is constitutive since agents can use rationality to decide against other values but the act of deciding to reject practical agency engages in it.B~ Action theory – every moral analysis requires an action to evaluate, but actions are infinitely divisible into smaller meaningless movements. The act of stealing can be reduced to going to a house, entering, grabbing things, and leaving, all of which are distinct actions without moral value. Only the practical decision to steal ties these actions together to give them any moral value.That justifies universalizability.A~ The principle of equality is true since anything else assigns moral value to contingent factors like identity and justifies racism, and the principle of non-contradiction is true since 2+2 can’t equal 4 for me and not for you meaning ethical statements true for one must be true for all.B~ Is ought gap – experience only tells us what is since that’s what we perceive, not what ought to be. But it’s impossible to derive an ought from descriptive premises, so there needs to be additional a priori premises to make a moral theory. Applying reason to a priori truth results in universal obligations.Coercion isn’t universalizable—willing your own freedom while violating someone else’s is a conceptual contradiction.Engstrom ~Stephen Engstrom, (Professor of Philosophy @ the University of Pittsburgh) "Universal Legislation as the Form of Practical Knowledge" http://www.academia.edu/4512762/Universal'Legislation'As'the'Form'of'Practical'Knowledge, DOA:5-5-2018 WWBW~ AND a person’s outer freedom is incompatible with the limitation of that same freedom. This requires a system of property – mere empirical possession is insufficient and contrary to freedom, Hogdson 10:Louis Philippe Hogdson, 2010, "Kant on Property Rights and the State" http://www.yorku.ca/lhodgson/kant-on-property-rights-and.pdf LHP AV AND them physically. Nothing more is required for the rest of our argument. However, we are rational and impulsive – this nonideal situation requires a state with coercive authority that secures equal outer freedom and property, Koch 92:*bracketed for gendered language* Koch, Andrew M. "Immanuel Kant, The Right of Necessity, and the Liberal Foundation of Social Welfare" Southeastern Political Review, 20: 2 (Fall 1992) 295-314. https://libres.uncg.edu/ir/asu/f/koch'andrew'1992'Immanuel'Kant.pdf LHP AV DOA: 9/14/21 AND force to compel compliance to the laws which protect the freedom of all. Thus, the standard is consistency with a system of equal and outer freedoms. Prefer additionally,1~ An intrinsic feature to any action is the acceptance of the goodness of universal freedom, Gewirth 84 bracketed for grammar and gendered language~Alan Gewirth, () "The Ontological Basis of Natural Law: A Critique and an Alternative" American Journal Of Jurisprudence: Vol. 29: Iss. 1 Article 5, 1984, https://scholarship.law.nd.edu/ajj/vol29/iss1/5/, DOA:9-10-2018 WWBW Recut LHP AV~ AND consistency with the material consideration of the generic features and rights of action. 2~ Agency requires deliberation to choose what actions to take which creates a practical identity identical for every agent. It is the only form of ontology that can account for every individual, making it the only identity that can create obligations.Christine M. Korsgaard, 1992 AND identity, your nature; your obligations spring from what that identity forbids. Impacts: A~ Since obligations arise from a universal identity, they must be the same for all, B~ hijacks any role of the judge since judging is an identity contained within the practical one3~ transcendental idealism – there’s a distinction between the noumenal world and the phenomenal world – freedom, as noumenal and undetermined by natural laws, is the supreme principle of ethics, Korsgaard 96:Korsgaard, Christine. "Creating The Kingdom of Ends: Reciprocity and Responsibility in Personal Relations." (p. 317-318). July 28, 1996 Recut LHP AV AND it is better regarded as something we say not about but to her. ContentionPlan: The member nations of the World Trade Organization ought to eliminate patent protections for life-saving medicines. Rizvi 20:Husna Rizvi, "WHAT IF…DRUG PATENTS WERE SCRAPPED?" 24 June 2020, https://newint.org/features/2020/06/11/what-if-drug-patents-were-scrapped LHP AV DOA: 9/17/21 AND add: ‘the final goal cannot be anything short of abolition.’ Vote aff –1~ IP rights violate an individual’s actual right to property and the grounds on which they are justified,Cernea and Uszkai 12 Cernea, Mihail-Valentin, and Radu Uszkai. The Clash between Global Justice and Pharmaceutical Patents: A Critical Analysis. 2012, the-clash-between-global-justice-and-drug-patents-a-critical-analysis.pdf. SJEP AND use of tangible objects which we acquired fully in line with market rules. 2~ Right of necessity – nations can legitimately break patents in order to produce life-saving medicines, Bierson 21:Marshall Bierson, ~Marshall is currently completing his PhD in Philosophy at Florida State University. His primarily studies the intersection of ethics and the nature of persons. Outside of Academia, Marshall also directs curricular design for high school debate camps with the Victory Briefs Institute.~ "Intellectual Property and the Right of Necessity" August 18, 2021, https://www.prindlepost.org/2021/08/intellectual-property-and-the-right-of-necessity/ LHP AV DOA:9/14/21 AND right of necessity suggests a standing right to break many international medical patents. The right of necessity is a logical constraint on the coercive powers of the state – even if not ethical, reducing IP for life saving medicines is not in the jurisdiction of legal punishment – that would undermine the very foundation of the omnilateral will, Koch 92:Koch, Andrew M. "Immanuel Kant, The Right of Necessity, and the Liberal Foundation of Social Welfare" Southeastern Political Review, 20: 2 (Fall 1992) 295-314. https://libres.uncg.edu/ir/asu/f/koch'andrew'1992'Immanuel'Kant.pdf LHP AV DOA: 9/14/21 AND , the state's legal and coercive functions are inseparable from its welfare functions. Underview1~ 1ar theory –A~ the aff gets it – otherwise the neg can engage in infinite abuse, making debate impossibleB~ drop the debater because the 1ar is too short to win theory and substanceC~ no RVIs – the 2nr has enough time and the 2ar needs strategic flexibilityD~ Fairness is a voter – debate’s a game that requires objective evaluation – judges have obligations to vote for the better debater which fairness controls. It also controls truth value – absent fairness, args were not subject to contestation, so they only won their arg because they were unfair.2~ 1ar theory first –A~ Strat skew – short 2AR means I need to collapse to one layer to counter the long 2N collapseB~ Epistemic Indict – if the 1N was abusive then my ability to respond was skewed so you can’t truly evaluate the 1ncC~ Investment – it’s a much larger strategic loss because 1min is ¼ of the 1AR vs 1/7 of the 1NC which means there’s more abuse if I’m devoting a larger fraction of time3~ Reasonability on NC theory– there are multiple conflicting interps the neg can read, so the aff always violates. Reasonability preserves the possibility of substantive education4~ Presumption and permissibility affirm –A~ we presume statements true – if I said my name was Arjun, you would believe me absent evidence to the contraryB~ affirming is harder – the 1ar has to answer 7 minutes of offense and hedge against a 6 minute 2nr collapse and empirics – presumption is this card’s only implication, Shah 1-29,~Sachin Shah "A Statistical Analysis of the Impact of the Transition to Online Tournaments in Lincoln-Douglas Debate by Sachin Shah." January 29, 2021, http://nsdupdate.com/2021/a-statistical-analysis-of-the-impact-of-the-transition-to-online-tournaments-in-lincoln-douglas-debate-by-sachin-shah/~~ AND be structural and not topic specific as this analysis now includes 18 topics. ROBThe role of the ballot is to evaluate the truth or falsity of the resolution through a normatively justified framework via fair, safe, and educational arguments. No skep, no tricks, yes phil and yes theory. Prefer it –1~ Reciprocity – normative frameworks provide a reciprocal burden of justifying an obligation with the ability to turn them – other frameworks are arbitrarily impact exclusive and don’t articulate a 1-1 burden2~ Philosophy – only our role of the ballot incentivizes nuanced discussions over the interactions of different ethical theories. That comes first –A~ constitutivism – LD debate is a values debate which means the intrinsic purpose of the activity is philosophical discussionB~ hijacks any voter – the question of why those are good relies on philosophical justification, ie constitutivism or something.3~ Collapses – A~ any framing presupposes a motivation to vote one way or another which means all framings concede the validity of normativity B~ Ethics comes prior to logical truth, Peirce 02:CS Peirce, "CP 2.198" 1902, https://colorysemiotica.files.wordpress.com/2014/08/peirce-collectedpapers.pdf LHP AV AND it; but my labors will have done good work toward its improvement. | 10/16/21 |
SO21 - AC - Kant v04Tournament: Valley Round Robin | Round: 3 | Opponent: Murphy AW | Judge: TJ Maher - Rishi Mukherjee 1acFrameworkThe meta-ethic is practical reason.A~ Bindingness – Any obligation must not only tell us what is good, but why we ought to be good or else agents can reject the value of goodness itself. That means ethics must start with what is constitutive of agents since it traces obligations to features that are intrinsic to being an agent – as an agent you must follow certain rules. Only practical agency is constitutive since agents can use rationality to decide against other values but the act of deciding to reject practical agency engages in it.B~ Action theory – every moral analysis requires an action to evaluate, but actions are infinitely divisible into smaller meaningless movements. The act of stealing can be reduced to going to a house, entering, grabbing things, and leaving, all of which are distinct actions without moral value. Only the practical decision to steal ties these actions together to give them any moral value.That justifies universalizability.A~ The principle of equality is true since anything else assigns moral value to contingent factors like identity and justifies racism, and the principle of non-contradiction is true since 2+2 can’t equal 4 for me and not for you meaning ethical statements true for one must be true for all.B~ Is ought gap – experience only tells us what is since that’s what we perceive, not what ought to be. But it’s impossible to derive an ought from descriptive premises, so there needs to be additional a priori premises to make a moral theory. Applying reason to a priori truth results in universal obligations.Coercion isn’t universalizable—willing your own freedom while violating someone else’s is a conceptual contradiction.Engstrom ~Stephen Engstrom, (Professor of Philosophy @ the University of Pittsburgh) "Universal Legislation as the Form of Practical Knowledge" http://www.academia.edu/4512762/Universal'Legislation'As'the'Form'of'Practical'Knowledge, DOA:5-5-2018 WWBW~ AND a person’s outer freedom is incompatible with the limitation of that same freedom. This requires a system of property – mere empirical possession is insufficient and contrary to freedom, Hogdson 10:Louis Philippe Hogdson, 2010, "Kant on Property Rights and the State" http://www.yorku.ca/lhodgson/kant-on-property-rights-and.pdf LHP AV AND them physically. Nothing more is required for the rest of our argument. However, we are rational and impulsive – this nonideal situation requires a state with coercive authority that secures equal outer freedom and property, Koch 92:*bracketed for gendered language* Koch, Andrew M. "Immanuel Kant, The Right of Necessity, and the Liberal Foundation of Social Welfare" Southeastern Political Review, 20: 2 (Fall 1992) 295-314. https://libres.uncg.edu/ir/asu/f/koch'andrew'1992'Immanuel'Kant.pdf LHP AV DOA: 9/14/21 AND force to compel compliance to the laws which protect the freedom of all. Thus, the standard is consistency with a system of equal and outer freedoms.Impact calc – reject consequentialism1~ Culpability – actors can only be culpable for their rational decision, not the outcomes. Anything else means actors have no control over the morality of decisions meaning it is impossible for them to be obligated to act.2~ There’s an intent foresight distinction – To account for all foreseen impacts would prevent action because individuals would become morally culpable for all actions and states of affairs not just those that factor into the will.3~ Consequences are infinite – opening a door could one day cause nuke war through an endless chain or shooting someone may end up saving lives – unpredictability means they are not a stable basis for ethics which freezes action since agents never know what action to take4~ Aggregation fails – there is no one for whom aggregate good is good-for. Korsgaard:Christine Korsgaard, "The Origin of the Good and Our Animal Nature" Harvard, n.d. RE AND , is better captured by the third theory I am about to describe. Prefer additionally,1~ An intrinsic feature to any action is the acceptance of the goodness of universal freedom, Gewirth 84 bracketed for grammar and gendered language~Alan Gewirth, () "The Ontological Basis of Natural Law: A Critique and an Alternative" American Journal Of Jurisprudence: Vol. 29: Iss. 1 Article 5, 1984, https://scholarship.law.nd.edu/ajj/vol29/iss1/5/, DOA:9-10-2018 WWBW Recut LHP AV~ AND consistency with the material consideration of the generic features and rights of action. 2~ Agency requires deliberation to choose what actions to take which creates a practical identity identical for every agent. It is the only form of ontology that can account for every individual, making it the only identity that can create obligations.Christine M. Korsgaard, 1992 AND identity, your nature; your obligations spring from what that identity forbids. Impacts: A~ Since obligations arise from a universal identity, they must be the same for all, B~ hijacks any role of the judge since judging is an identity contained within the practical one3~ transcendental idealism – there’s a distinction between the noumenal world and the phenomenal world – freedom, as noumenal and undetermined by natural laws, is the supreme principle of ethics, Korsgaard 96:Korsgaard, Christine. "Creating The Kingdom of Ends: Reciprocity and Responsibility in Personal Relations." (p. 317-318). July 28, 1996 Recut LHP AV AND it is better regarded as something we say not about but to her. ContentionPlan: The member nations of the World Trade Organization ought to eliminate patent protections for life-saving medicines. Rizvi 20:Husna Rizvi, "WHAT IF…DRUG PATENTS WERE SCRAPPED?" 24 June 2020, https://newint.org/features/2020/06/11/what-if-drug-patents-were-scrapped LHP AV DOA: 9/17/21 AND add: ‘the final goal cannot be anything short of abolition.’ Vote aff –1~ IP rights violate an individual’s actual right to property and the grounds on which they are justified,Cernea and Uszkai 12 Cernea, Mihail-Valentin, and Radu Uszkai. The Clash between Global Justice and Pharmaceutical Patents: A Critical Analysis. 2012, the-clash-between-global-justice-and-drug-patents-a-critical-analysis.pdf. SJEP AND use of tangible objects which we acquired fully in line with market rules. 2~ Right of necessity – nations can legitimately break patents in order to produce life-saving medicines, Bierson 21:Marshall Bierson, ~Marshall is currently completing his PhD in Philosophy at Florida State University. His primarily studies the intersection of ethics and the nature of persons. Outside of Academia, Marshall also directs curricular design for high school debate camps with the Victory Briefs Institute.~ "Intellectual Property and the Right of Necessity" August 18, 2021, https://www.prindlepost.org/2021/08/intellectual-property-and-the-right-of-necessity/ LHP AV DOA:9/14/21 AND right of necessity suggests a standing right to break many international medical patents. The right of necessity is a logical constraint on the coercive powers of the state – even if not ethical, reducing IP for life saving medicines is not in the jurisdiction of legal punishment – that would undermine the very foundation of the omnilateral will, Koch 92:Koch, Andrew M. "Immanuel Kant, The Right of Necessity, and the Liberal Foundation of Social Welfare" Southeastern Political Review, 20: 2 (Fall 1992) 295-314. https://libres.uncg.edu/ir/asu/f/koch'andrew'1992'Immanuel'Kant.pdf LHP AV DOA: 9/14/21 AND , the state's legal and coercive functions are inseparable from its welfare functions. Underview1~ 1ar theory –A~ the aff gets it – otherwise the neg can engage in infinite abuse, making debate impossibleB~ drop the debater because the 1ar is too short to win theory and substanceC~ no RVIs – the 2nr has enough time and the 2ar needs strategic flexibilityD~ Fairness is a voter – debate’s a game that requires objective evaluation – judges have obligations to vote for the better debater which fairness controls. It also controls truth value – absent fairness, args were not subject to contestation, so they only won their arg because they were unfair.2~ 1ar theory first –A~ Strat skew – short 2AR means I need to collapse to one layer to counter the long 2N collapseB~ Epistemic Indict – if the 1N was abusive then my ability to respond was skewed so you can’t truly evaluate the 1ncC~ Investment – it’s a much larger strategic loss because 1min is ¼ of the 1AR vs 1/7 of the 1NC which means there’s more abuse if I’m devoting a larger fraction of time | 10/16/21 |
SO21 - AC - Kant v05Tournament: Valley Round Robin | Round: 4 | Opponent: Sequoia AS | Judge: Carlos Carrasco - Sam Larson 1acFrameworkThe meta-ethic is practical reason.A~ Bindingness – Any obligation must not only tell us what is good, but why we ought to be good or else agents can reject the value of goodness itself. That means ethics must start with what is constitutive of agents since it traces obligations to features that are intrinsic to being an agent – as an agent you must follow certain rules. Only practical agency is constitutive since agents can use rationality to decide against other values but the act of deciding to reject practical agency engages in it.B~ Action theory – every moral analysis requires an action to evaluate, but actions are infinitely divisible into smaller meaningless movements. The act of stealing can be reduced to going to a house, entering, grabbing things, and leaving, all of which are distinct actions without moral value. Only the practical decision to steal ties these actions together to give them any moral value.That justifies universalizability.A~ The principle of equality is true since anything else assigns moral value to contingent factors like identity and justifies racism, and the principle of non-contradiction is true since 2+2 can’t equal 4 for me and not for you meaning ethical statements true for one must be true for all.B~ Is ought gap – experience only tells us what is since that’s what we perceive, not what ought to be. But it’s impossible to derive an ought from descriptive premises, so there needs to be additional a priori premises to make a moral theory. Applying reason to a priori truth results in universal obligations.Coercion isn’t universalizable—willing your own freedom while violating someone else’s is a conceptual contradiction.Engstrom ~Stephen Engstrom, (Professor of Philosophy @ the University of Pittsburgh) "Universal Legislation as the Form of Practical Knowledge" http://www.academia.edu/4512762/Universal'Legislation'As'the'Form'of'Practical'Knowledge, DOA:5-5-2018 WWBW~ AND a person’s outer freedom is incompatible with the limitation of that same freedom. This requires a system of property – mere empirical possession is insufficient and contrary to freedom, Hogdson 10:Louis Philippe Hogdson, 2010, "Kant on Property Rights and the State" http://www.yorku.ca/lhodgson/kant-on-property-rights-and.pdf LHP AV AND them physically. Nothing more is required for the rest of our argument. However, we are rational and impulsive – this nonideal situation requires a state with coercive authority that secures equal outer freedom and property, Koch 92:*bracketed for gendered language* Koch, Andrew M. "Immanuel Kant, The Right of Necessity, and the Liberal Foundation of Social Welfare" Southeastern Political Review, 20: 2 (Fall 1992) 295-314. https://libres.uncg.edu/ir/asu/f/koch'andrew'1992'Immanuel'Kant.pdf LHP AV DOA: 9/14/21 AND force to compel compliance to the laws which protect the freedom of all. Thus, the standard is consistency with a system of equal and outer freedoms.Impact calc – reject consequentialism1~ Culpability – actors can only be culpable for their rational decision, not the outcomes. Anything else means actors have no control over the morality of decisions meaning it is impossible for them to be obligated to act.2~ There’s an intent foresight distinction – To account for all foreseen impacts would prevent action because individuals would become morally culpable for all actions and states of affairs not just those that factor into the will.3~ Consequences are infinite – opening a door could one day cause nuke war through an endless chain or shooting someone may end up saving lives – unpredictability means they are not a stable basis for ethics which freezes action since agents never know what action to take4~ Aggregation fails – there is no one for whom aggregate good is good-for. Korsgaard:Christine Korsgaard, "The Origin of the Good and Our Animal Nature" Harvard, n.d. RE AND , is better captured by the third theory I am about to describe. Prefer additionally,1~ An intrinsic feature to any action is the acceptance of the goodness of universal freedom, Gewirth 84 bracketed for grammar and gendered language~Alan Gewirth, () "The Ontological Basis of Natural Law: A Critique and an Alternative" American Journal Of Jurisprudence: Vol. 29: Iss. 1 Article 5, 1984, https://scholarship.law.nd.edu/ajj/vol29/iss1/5/, DOA:9-10-2018 WWBW Recut LHP AV~ AND consistency with the material consideration of the generic features and rights of action. 2~ Agency requires deliberation to choose what actions to take which creates a practical identity identical for every agent. It is the only form of ontology that can account for every individual, making it the only identity that can create obligations.Christine M. Korsgaard, 1992 AND identity, your nature; your obligations spring from what that identity forbids. Impacts: A~ Since obligations arise from a universal identity, they must be the same for all, B~ hijacks any role of the judge since judging is an identity contained within the practical one3~ transcendental idealism – there’s a distinction between the noumenal world and the phenomenal world – freedom, as noumenal and undetermined by natural laws, is the supreme principle of ethics, Korsgaard 96:Korsgaard, Christine. "Creating The Kingdom of Ends: Reciprocity and Responsibility in Personal Relations." (p. 317-318). July 28, 1996 Recut LHP AV AND it is better regarded as something we say not about but to her. ContentionPlan: The member nations of the World Trade Organization ought to eliminate patent protections for life-saving medicines. Rizvi 20:Husna Rizvi, "WHAT IF…DRUG PATENTS WERE SCRAPPED?" 24 June 2020, https://newint.org/features/2020/06/11/what-if-drug-patents-were-scrapped LHP AV DOA: 9/17/21 AND add: ‘the final goal cannot be anything short of abolition.’ Vote aff –1~ IP rights violate an individual’s actual right to property and the grounds on which they are justified,Cernea and Uszkai 12 Cernea, Mihail-Valentin, and Radu Uszkai. The Clash between Global Justice and Pharmaceutical Patents: A Critical Analysis. 2012, the-clash-between-global-justice-and-drug-patents-a-critical-analysis.pdf. SJEP AND use of tangible objects which we acquired fully in line with market rules. 2~ Right of necessity – nations can legitimately break patents in order to produce life-saving medicines, Bierson 21:Marshall Bierson, ~Marshall is currently completing his PhD in Philosophy at Florida State University. His primarily studies the intersection of ethics and the nature of persons. Outside of Academia, Marshall also directs curricular design for high school debate camps with the Victory Briefs Institute.~ "Intellectual Property and the Right of Necessity" August 18, 2021, https://www.prindlepost.org/2021/08/intellectual-property-and-the-right-of-necessity/ LHP AV DOA:9/14/21 AND right of necessity suggests a standing right to break many international medical patents. The right of necessity is a logical constraint on the coercive powers of the state – even if not ethical, reducing IP for life saving medicines is not in the jurisdiction of legal punishment – that would undermine the very foundation of the omnilateral will, Koch 92:Koch, Andrew M. "Immanuel Kant, The Right of Necessity, and the Liberal Foundation of Social Welfare" Southeastern Political Review, 20: 2 (Fall 1992) 295-314. https://libres.uncg.edu/ir/asu/f/koch'andrew'1992'Immanuel'Kant.pdf LHP AV DOA: 9/14/21 AND , the state's legal and coercive functions are inseparable from its welfare functions. Underview1~ 1ar theory –A~ the aff gets it – otherwise the neg can engage in infinite abuse, making debate impossibleB~ drop the debater because the 1ar is too short to win theory and substanceC~ no RVIs – the 2nr has enough time and the 2ar needs strategic flexibilityD~ Fairness is a voter – debate’s a game that requires objective evaluation – judges have obligations to vote for the better debater which fairness controls. It also controls truth value – absent fairness, args were not subject to contestation, so they only won their arg because they were unfair.2~ 1ar theory first –A~ Strat skew – short 2AR means I need to collapse to one layer to counter the long 2N collapseB~ Epistemic Indict – if the 1N was abusive then my ability to respond was skewed so you can’t truly evaluate the 1ncC~ Investment – it’s a much larger strategic loss because 1min is ¼ of the 1AR vs 1/7 of the 1NC which means there’s more abuse if I’m devoting a larger fraction of time3~ Reasonability on NC theory– there are multiple conflicting interps the neg can read, so the aff always violates. Reasonability preserves the possibility of substantive education4~ Presumption and permissibility affirm –A~ we presume statements true – if I said my name was Arjun, you would believe me absent evidence to the contraryB~ affirming is harder – the 1ar has to answer 7 minutes of offense and hedge against a 6 minute 2nr collapse and empirics – presumption is this card’s only implication, Shah 1-29,~Sachin Shah "A Statistical Analysis of the Impact of the Transition to Online Tournaments in Lincoln-Douglas Debate by Sachin Shah." January 29, 2021, http://nsdupdate.com/2021/a-statistical-analysis-of-the-impact-of-the-transition-to-online-tournaments-in-lincoln-douglas-debate-by-sachin-shah/~~ AND be structural and not topic specific as this analysis now includes 18 topics. | 10/16/21 |
SO21 - AC - Kant v06Tournament: Valley | Round: 2 | Opponent: Millard North RL | Judge: Anthony Cui 1acFrameworkThe meta-ethic is practical reason.A~ Bindingness – Any obligation must not only tell us what is good, but why we ought to be good or else agents can reject the value of goodness itself. That means ethics must start with what is constitutive of agents since it traces obligations to features that are intrinsic to being an agent – as an agent you must follow certain rules. Only practical agency is constitutive since agents can use rationality to decide against other values but the act of deciding to reject practical agency engages in it.B~ Action theory – every moral analysis requires an action to evaluate, but actions are infinitely divisible into smaller meaningless movements. The act of stealing can be reduced to going to a house, entering, grabbing things, and leaving, all of which are distinct actions without moral value. Only the practical decision to steal ties these actions together to give them any moral value.That justifies universalizability.A~ The principle of equality is true since anything else assigns moral value to contingent factors like identity and justifies racism, and the principle of non-contradiction is true since 2+2 can’t equal 4 for me and not for you meaning ethical statements true for one must be true for all.B~ Is ought gap – experience only tells us what is since that’s what we perceive, not what ought to be. But it’s impossible to derive an ought from descriptive premises, so there needs to be additional a priori premises to make a moral theory. Applying reason to a priori truth results in universal obligations.Coercion isn’t universalizable—willing your own freedom while violating someone else’s is a conceptual contradiction.Engstrom ~Stephen Engstrom, (Professor of Philosophy @ the University of Pittsburgh) "Universal Legislation as the Form of Practical Knowledge" http://www.academia.edu/4512762/Universal'Legislation'As'the'Form'of'Practical'Knowledge, DOA:5-5-2018 WWBW~ AND a person’s outer freedom is incompatible with the limitation of that same freedom. This requires a system of property – mere empirical possession is insufficient and contrary to freedom, Hogdson 10:Louis Philippe Hogdson, 2010, "Kant on Property Rights and the State" http://www.yorku.ca/lhodgson/kant-on-property-rights-and.pdf LHP AV AND them physically. Nothing more is required for the rest of our argument. However, we are rational and impulsive – this nonideal situation requires a state with coercive authority that secures equal outer freedom and property, Koch 92 bracketed for glang:*bracketed for gendered language* Koch, Andrew M. "Immanuel Kant, The Right of Necessity, and the Liberal Foundation of Social Welfare" Southeastern Political Review, 20: 2 (Fall 1992) 295-314. https://libres.uncg.edu/ir/asu/f/koch'andrew'1992'Immanuel'Kant.pdf LHP AV DOA: 9/14/21 AND force to compel compliance to the laws which protect the freedom of all. Thus, the standard is consistency with a system of equal and outer freedoms.Impact calc – reject consequentialism1~ Culpability – actors can only be culpable for their rational decision, not the outcomes. Anything else means actors have no control over the morality of decisions meaning it is impossible for them to be obligated to act.2~ Consequences are infinite – opening a door could one day cause nuke war through an endless chain or shooting someone may end up saving lives – unpredictability means they are not a stable basis for ethics which freezes action since agents never know what action to take3~ Aggregation fails – there is no one for whom aggregate good is good-for. Korsgaard:Christine Korsgaard, "The Origin of the Good and Our Animal Nature" Harvard, n.d. RE AND , is better captured by the third theory I am about to describe. Prefer additionally,1~ An intrinsic feature to any action is the acceptance of the goodness of universal freedom, Gewirth 84 bracketed for grammar and gendered language~Alan Gewirth, () "The Ontological Basis of Natural Law: A Critique and an Alternative" American Journal Of Jurisprudence: Vol. 29: Iss. 1 Article 5, 1984, https://scholarship.law.nd.edu/ajj/vol29/iss1/5/, DOA:9-10-2018 WWBW Recut LHP AV~ AND consistency with the material consideration of the generic features and rights of action. 2~ Agency requires deliberation to choose what actions to take which creates a practical identity identical for every agent. It is the only form of ontology that can account for every individual, making it the only identity that can create obligations.Christine M. Korsgaard, 1992 AND identity, your nature; your obligations spring from what that identity forbids. Impacts: A~ Since obligations arise from a universal identity, they must be the same for all, B~ hijacks any role of the judge since judging is an identity contained within the practical one3~ Black Radical Kantianism – equal respect for minority lives is grounded in Kantian notions of freedom that require a recognition of history, sexuality, and race with universality. Mills 18:~Charles W. Mills. "Black Radical Kantianism." Res Philosophica, Vol. 95, No. 1, January 2018, pp. 1–33 https:// doi.org/ 10.11612/ resphil.1622.~ WHS-RS AND have been prone to regard both themselves and their fellows with racial contempt. ContentionPlan: The member nations of the World Trade Organization ought to eliminate patent protections for life-saving medicines. Rizvi 20:Husna Rizvi, "WHAT IF…DRUG PATENTS WERE SCRAPPED?" 24 June 2020, https://newint.org/features/2020/06/11/what-if-drug-patents-were-scrapped LHP AV DOA: 9/17/21 AND add: ‘the final goal cannot be anything short of abolition.’ Life saving drugs are ones that reduce mortality chances, Mohamed 21:Mohamed, Esraa and Habbani, Khalid and Awad, Mousnad. (2021). Life-saving Drugs in Sudan: A Matter of Definitions and Concepts. American Journal of Epidemiology. 4. 1-9. 10.37871/ajeph. LHP AV Vote aff –1~ IP rights violate an individual’s actual right to property and the grounds on which they are justified,Cernea and Uszkai 12 Cernea, Mihail-Valentin, and Radu Uszkai. The Clash between Global Justice and Pharmaceutical Patents: A Critical Analysis. 2012, the-clash-between-global-justice-and-drug-patents-a-critical-analysis.pdf. SJEP AND use of tangible objects which we acquired fully in line with market rules. 2~ Right of necessity – nations can legitimately break patents in order to produce life-saving medicines, Bierson 21:Marshall Bierson, ~Marshall is currently completing his PhD in Philosophy at Florida State University. His primarily studies the intersection of ethics and the nature of persons. Outside of Academia, Marshall also directs curricular design for high school debate camps with the Victory Briefs Institute.~ "Intellectual Property and the Right of Necessity" August 18, 2021, https://www.prindlepost.org/2021/08/intellectual-property-and-the-right-of-necessity/ LHP AV DOA:9/14/21 AND right of necessity suggests a standing right to break many international medical patents. The right of necessity is a logical constraint on the coercive powers of the state – even if not ethical, reducing IP for life saving medicines is not in the jurisdiction of legal punishment – that would undermine the very foundation of the omnilateral will, Koch 92:Koch, Andrew M. "Immanuel Kant, The Right of Necessity, and the Liberal Foundation of Social Welfare" Southeastern Political Review, 20: 2 (Fall 1992) 295-314. https://libres.uncg.edu/ir/asu/f/koch'andrew'1992'Immanuel'Kant.pdf LHP AV DOA: 9/14/21 AND , the state's legal and coercive functions are inseparable from its welfare functions. Underview1~ 1ar theory –A~ the aff gets it – otherwise the neg can engage in infinite abuse, making debate impossibleB~ drop the debater because the 1ar is too short to win theory and substanceC~ no RVIs – the 2nr has enough time and the 2ar needs strategic flexibilityD~ Fairness is a voter – debate’s a game that requires objective evaluation – judges have obligations to vote for the better debater which fairness controls. It also controls truth value – absent fairness, args were not subject to contestation, so they only won their arg because they were unfair.2~ Presumption and permissibility affirm –A~ we presume statements true – if I said my name was Arjun, you would believe me absent evidence to the contraryB~ affirming is harder – the 1ar has to answer 7 minutes of offense and hedge against a 6 minute 2nr collapse and empirics – presumption is this card’s only implication, Shah 1-29,~Sachin Shah "A Statistical Analysis of the Impact of the Transition to Online Tournaments in Lincoln-Douglas Debate by Sachin Shah." January 29, 2021, http://nsdupdate.com/2021/a-statistical-analysis-of-the-impact-of-the-transition-to-online-tournaments-in-lincoln-douglas-debate-by-sachin-shah/~~ AND be structural and not topic specific as this analysis now includes 18 topics. ROBThe role of the ballot is to evaluate the truth or falsity of the resolution through a normatively justified framework via fair, safe, and educational arguments. No skep, no tricks, yes phil and yes theory. Prefer it –1~ Reciprocity – normative frameworks provide a reciprocal burden of justifying an obligation with the ability to turn them – other frameworks are arbitrarily impact exclusive and don’t articulate a 1-1 burden2~ Philosophy – only our role of the ballot incentivizes nuanced discussions over the interactions of different ethical theories. That comes first –A~ constitutivism – LD debate is a values debate which means the intrinsic purpose of the activity is philosophical discussionB~ hijacks any voter – the question of why those are good relies on philosophical justification, ie constitutivism or something.3~ Collapses – A~ any framing presupposes a motivation to vote one way or another which means all framings concede the validity of normativity B~ Ethics comes prior to logical truth, Peirce 02:CS Peirce, "CP 2.198" 1902, https://colorysemiotica.files.wordpress.com/2014/08/peirce-collectedpapers.pdf LHP AV AND it; but my labors will have done good work toward its improvement. 4~ Ideal theory – any resistance to systemic injustice must be based on a comprehensive normative theory which determines what the best response to specific injustices are – 4 warrants – Laurence,Laurence, Ben. "The Priority of Ideal Theory." PDF File. LHPYA AND about practical reasoning, which all depend on ideal theory for their systematic character | 10/16/21 |
SO21 - AC - Kant v07Tournament: Valley | Round: 3 | Opponent: American Heritage PG | Judge: Rohit Lakshman 1AC Valley R3 – LHP AV vs. Heritage PG1acFrameworkThe meta-ethic is practical reason.A~ Bindingness – Any obligation must not only tell us what is good, but why we ought to be good or else agents can reject the value of goodness itself. That means ethics must start with what is constitutive of agents since it traces obligations to features that are intrinsic to being an agent – as an agent you must follow certain rules. Only practical agency is constitutive since agents can use rationality to decide against other values but the act of deciding to reject practical agency engages in it.B~ Action theory – every moral analysis requires an action to evaluate, but actions are infinitely divisible into smaller meaningless movements. The act of stealing can be reduced to going to a house, entering, grabbing things, and leaving, all of which are distinct actions without moral value. Only the practical decision to steal ties these actions together to give them any moral value.That justifies universalizability.A~ The principle of equality is true since anything else assigns moral value to contingent factors like identity and justifies racism, and the principle of non-contradiction is true since 2+2 can’t equal 4 for me and not for you meaning ethical statements true for one must be true for all.B~ Is ought gap – experience only tells us what is since that’s what we perceive, not what ought to be. But it’s impossible to derive an ought from descriptive premises, so there needs to be additional a priori premises to make a moral theory. Applying reason to a priori truth results in universal obligations.Coercion isn’t universalizable—willing your own freedom while violating someone else’s is a conceptual contradiction.Engstrom ~Stephen Engstrom, (Professor of Philosophy @ the University of Pittsburgh) "Universal Legislation as the Form of Practical Knowledge" http://www.academia.edu/4512762/Universal'Legislation'As'the'Form'of'Practical'Knowledge, DOA:5-5-2018 WWBW~ AND a person’s outer freedom is incompatible with the limitation of that same freedom. This requires a system of property – mere empirical possession is insufficient and contrary to freedom, Hogdson 10:Louis Philippe Hogdson, 2010, "Kant on Property Rights and the State" http://www.yorku.ca/lhodgson/kant-on-property-rights-and.pdf LHP AV AND them physically. Nothing more is required for the rest of our argument. However, we are rational and impulsive – this nonideal situation requires a state with coercive authority that secures equal outer freedom and property, Koch 92 bracketed for glang:*bracketed for gendered language* Koch, Andrew M. "Immanuel Kant, The Right of Necessity, and the Liberal Foundation of Social Welfare" Southeastern Political Review, 20: 2 (Fall 1992) 295-314. https://libres.uncg.edu/ir/asu/f/koch'andrew'1992'Immanuel'Kant.pdf LHP AV DOA: 9/14/21 AND force to compel compliance to the laws which protect the freedom of all. Thus, the standard is consistency with a system of equal and outer freedoms.Impact calc – reject consequentialism1~ Culpability – actors can only be culpable for their rational decision, not the outcomes. Anything else means actors have no control over the morality of decisions meaning it is impossible for them to be obligated to act.2~ Consequences are infinite – opening a door could one day cause nuke war through an endless chain or shooting someone may end up saving lives – unpredictability means they are not a stable basis for ethics which freezes action since agents never know what action to take3~ Aggregation fails – there is no one for whom aggregate good is good-for. Korsgaard:Christine Korsgaard, "The Origin of the Good and Our Animal Nature" Harvard, n.d. RE AND , is better captured by the third theory I am about to describe. Prefer additionally,1~ An intrinsic feature to any action is the acceptance of the goodness of universal freedom, Gewirth 84 bracketed for grammar and gendered language~Alan Gewirth, () "The Ontological Basis of Natural Law: A Critique and an Alternative" American Journal Of Jurisprudence: Vol. 29: Iss. 1 Article 5, 1984, https://scholarship.law.nd.edu/ajj/vol29/iss1/5/, DOA:9-10-2018 WWBW Recut LHP AV~ AND consistency with the material consideration of the generic features and rights of action. 2~ Agency requires deliberation to choose what actions to take which creates a practical identity identical for every agent. It is the only form of ontology that can account for every individual, making it the only identity that can create obligations.Christine M. Korsgaard, 1992 AND identity, your nature; your obligations spring from what that identity forbids. Impacts: A~ Since obligations arise from a universal identity, they must be the same for all, B~ hijacks any role of the judge since judging is an identity contained within the practical one3~ transcendental idealism – there’s a distinction between the noumenal world and the phenomenal world – freedom, as noumenal and undetermined by natural laws, is the supreme principle of ethics, Korsgaard 96:Korsgaard, Christine. "Creating The Kingdom of Ends: Reciprocity and Responsibility in Personal Relations." (p. 317-318). July 28, 1996 Recut LHP AV AND it is better regarded as something we say not about but to her. ContentionPlan: The member nations of the World Trade Organization ought to eliminate patent protections for life-saving medicines. Rizvi 20:Husna Rizvi, "WHAT IF…DRUG PATENTS WERE SCRAPPED?" 24 June 2020, https://newint.org/features/2020/06/11/what-if-drug-patents-were-scrapped LHP AV DOA: 9/17/21 AND add: ‘the final goal cannot be anything short of abolition.’ Life saving drugs are ones that reduce mortality chances, Mohamed 21:Mohamed, Esraa and Habbani, Khalid and Awad, Mousnad. (2021). Life-saving Drugs in Sudan: A Matter of Definitions and Concepts. American Journal of Epidemiology. 4. 1-9. 10.37871/ajeph. LHP AV Vote aff –1~ IP rights violate an individual’s actual right to property and the grounds on which they are justified,Cernea and Uszkai 12 Cernea, Mihail-Valentin, and Radu Uszkai. The Clash between Global Justice and Pharmaceutical Patents: A Critical Analysis. 2012, the-clash-between-global-justice-and-drug-patents-a-critical-analysis.pdf. SJEP AND use of tangible objects which we acquired fully in line with market rules. 2~ Right of necessity – nations can legitimately break patents in order to produce life-saving medicines, Bierson 21:Marshall Bierson, ~Marshall is currently completing his PhD in Philosophy at Florida State University. His primarily studies the intersection of ethics and the nature of persons. Outside of Academia, Marshall also directs curricular design for high school debate camps with the Victory Briefs Institute.~ "Intellectual Property and the Right of Necessity" August 18, 2021, https://www.prindlepost.org/2021/08/intellectual-property-and-the-right-of-necessity/ LHP AV DOA:9/14/21 AND right of necessity suggests a standing right to break many international medical patents. The right of necessity is a logical constraint on the coercive powers of the state – even if not ethical, reducing IP for life saving medicines is not in the jurisdiction of legal punishment – that would undermine the very foundation of the omnilateral will, Koch 92:Koch, Andrew M. "Immanuel Kant, The Right of Necessity, and the Liberal Foundation of Social Welfare" Southeastern Political Review, 20: 2 (Fall 1992) 295-314. https://libres.uncg.edu/ir/asu/f/koch'andrew'1992'Immanuel'Kant.pdf LHP AV DOA: 9/14/21 AND , the state's legal and coercive functions are inseparable from its welfare functions. Underview1~ 1ar theory –A~ the aff gets it – otherwise the neg can engage in infinite abuse, making debate impossibleB~ drop the debater because the 1ar is too short to win theory and substanceC~ no RVIs – the 2nr has enough time and the 2ar needs strategic flexibilityD~ Fairness is a voter – debate’s a game that requires objective evaluation – judges have obligations to vote for the better debater which fairness controls. It also controls truth value – absent fairness, args were not subject to contestation, so they only won their arg because they were unfair.2~ 1ar theory first –A~ Strat skew – short 2AR means I need to collapse to one layer to counter the long 2N collapseB~ Epistemic Indict – if the 1N was abusive then my ability to respond was skewed so you can’t truly evaluate the 1ncC~ Investment – it’s a much larger strategic loss because 1min is ¼ of the 1AR vs 1/7 of the 1NC which means there’s more abuse if I’m devoting a larger fraction of time3~ Presumption and permissibility affirm –A~ we presume statements true – if I said my name was Arjun, you would believe me absent evidence to the contraryB~ affirming is harder – the 1ar has to answer 7 minutes of offense and hedge against a 6 minute 2nr collapse and empirics – presumption is this card’s only implication, Shah 1-29,~Sachin Shah "A Statistical Analysis of the Impact of the Transition to Online Tournaments in Lincoln-Douglas Debate by Sachin Shah." January 29, 2021, http://nsdupdate.com/2021/a-statistical-analysis-of-the-impact-of-the-transition-to-online-tournaments-in-lincoln-douglas-debate-by-sachin-shah/~~ AND be structural and not topic specific as this analysis now includes 18 topics. ROBThe role of the ballot is to evaluate the truth or falsity of the resolution through a normatively justified framework via fair, safe, and educational arguments. No skep, no tricks, yes phil and yes theory. Prefer it –1~ Reciprocity – normative frameworks provide a reciprocal burden of justifying an obligation with the ability to turn them – other frameworks are arbitrarily impact exclusive and don’t articulate a 1-1 burden2~ Philosophy – only our role of the ballot incentivizes nuanced discussions over the interactions of different ethical theories. That comes first –A~ constitutivism – LD debate is a values debate which means the intrinsic purpose of the activity is philosophical discussionB~ hijacks any voter – the question of why those are good relies on philosophical justification, ie constitutivism or something. | 10/16/21 |
SO21 - AC - Kant v08Tournament: Valley | Round: 5 | Opponent: American Heritage Plantation SS | Judge: Keshav Dandu 1acFrameworkThe meta-ethic is practical reason.A~ Bindingness – Any obligation must not only tell us what is good, but why we ought to be good or else agents can reject the value of goodness itself. That means ethics must start with what is constitutive of agents since it traces obligations to features that are intrinsic to being an agent – as an agent you must follow certain rules. Only practical agency is constitutive since agents can use rationality to decide against other values but the act of deciding to reject practical agency engages in it.B~ Action theory – every moral analysis requires an action to evaluate, but actions are infinitely divisible into smaller meaningless movements. The act of stealing can be reduced to going to a house, entering, grabbing things, and leaving, all of which are distinct actions without moral value. Only the practical decision to steal ties these actions together to give them any moral value.That justifies universalizability.A~ The principle of equality is true since anything else assigns moral value to contingent factors like identity and justifies racism, and the principle of non-contradiction is true since 2+2 can’t equal 4 for me and not for you meaning ethical statements true for one must be true for all.B~ Is ought gap – experience only tells us what is since that’s what we perceive, not what ought to be. But it’s impossible to derive an ought from descriptive premises, so there needs to be additional a priori premises to make a moral theory. Applying reason to a priori truth results in universal obligations.Coercion isn’t universalizable—willing your own freedom while violating someone else’s is a conceptual contradiction.Engstrom ~Stephen Engstrom, (Professor of Philosophy @ the University of Pittsburgh) "Universal Legislation as the Form of Practical Knowledge" http://www.academia.edu/4512762/Universal'Legislation'As'the'Form'of'Practical'Knowledge, DOA:5-5-2018 WWBW~ AND a person’s outer freedom is incompatible with the limitation of that same freedom. This requires a system of property – mere empirical possession is insufficient and contrary to freedom, Hogdson 10:Louis Philippe Hogdson, 2010, "Kant on Property Rights and the State" http://www.yorku.ca/lhodgson/kant-on-property-rights-and.pdf LHP AV AND them physically. Nothing more is required for the rest of our argument. However, we are rational and impulsive – this nonideal situation requires a state with coercive authority that secures equal outer freedom and property, Koch 92 bracketed for glang:*bracketed for gendered language* Koch, Andrew M. "Immanuel Kant, The Right of Necessity, and the Liberal Foundation of Social Welfare" Southeastern Political Review, 20: 2 (Fall 1992) 295-314. https://libres.uncg.edu/ir/asu/f/koch'andrew'1992'Immanuel'Kant.pdf LHP AV DOA: 9/14/21 AND force to compel compliance to the laws which protect the freedom of all. Thus, the standard is consistency with a system of equal and outer freedoms.Impact calc – reject consequentialism1~ Culpability – actors can only be culpable for their rational decision, not the outcomes. Anything else means actors have no control over the morality of decisions meaning it is impossible for them to be obligated to act.2~ Consequences are infinite – opening a door could one day cause nuke war through an endless chain or shooting someone may end up saving lives – unpredictability means they are not a stable basis for ethics which freezes action since agents never know what action to take3~ Aggregation fails – there is no one for whom aggregate good is good-for. Korsgaard:Christine Korsgaard, "The Origin of the Good and Our Animal Nature" Harvard, n.d. RE AND , is better captured by the third theory I am about to describe. Prefer additionally,1~ An intrinsic feature to any action is the acceptance of the goodness of universal freedom, Gewirth 84 bracketed for grammar and gendered language~Alan Gewirth, () "The Ontological Basis of Natural Law: A Critique and an Alternative" American Journal Of Jurisprudence: Vol. 29: Iss. 1 Article 5, 1984, https://scholarship.law.nd.edu/ajj/vol29/iss1/5/, DOA:9-10-2018 WWBW Recut LHP AV~ AND consistency with the material consideration of the generic features and rights of action. 2~ Agency requires deliberation to choose what actions to take which creates a practical identity identical for every agent. It is the only form of ontology that can account for every individual, making it the only identity that can create obligations.Christine M. Korsgaard, 1992 AND identity, your nature; your obligations spring from what that identity forbids. Impacts: A~ Since obligations arise from a universal identity, they must be the same for all, B~ hijacks any role of the judge since judging is an identity contained within the practical one3~ transcendental idealism – there’s a distinction between the noumenal world and the phenomenal world – freedom, as noumenal and undetermined by natural laws, is the supreme principle of ethics, Korsgaard 96:Korsgaard, Christine. "Creating The Kingdom of Ends: Reciprocity and Responsibility in Personal Relations." (p. 317-318). July 28, 1996 Recut LHP AV AND it is better regarded as something we say not about but to her. ContentionPlan: The member nations of the World Trade Organization ought to eliminate patent protections for life-saving medicines. Rizvi 20:Husna Rizvi, "WHAT IF…DRUG PATENTS WERE SCRAPPED?" 24 June 2020, https://newint.org/features/2020/06/11/what-if-drug-patents-were-scrapped LHP AV DOA: 9/17/21 AND add: ‘the final goal cannot be anything short of abolition.’ Life saving drugs are ones that reduce mortality chances – if you have a definition that a drug is life-saving, I won’t shift out of it, Mohamed 21:Mohamed, Esraa and Habbani, Khalid and Awad, Mousnad. (2021). Life-saving Drugs in Sudan: A Matter of Definitions and Concepts. American Journal of Epidemiology. 4. 1-9. 10.37871/ajeph. LHP AV Vote aff –1~ IP rights violate an individual’s actual right to property and the grounds on which they are justified,Cernea and Uszkai 12 Cernea, Mihail-Valentin, and Radu Uszkai. The Clash between Global Justice and Pharmaceutical Patents: A Critical Analysis. 2012, the-clash-between-global-justice-and-drug-patents-a-critical-analysis.pdf. SJEP AND use of tangible objects which we acquired fully in line with market rules. 2~ Right of necessity – nations can legitimately break patents in order to produce life-saving medicines, Bierson 21:Marshall Bierson, ~Marshall is currently completing his PhD in Philosophy at Florida State University. His primarily studies the intersection of ethics and the nature of persons. Outside of Academia, Marshall also directs curricular design for high school debate camps with the Victory Briefs Institute.~ "Intellectual Property and the Right of Necessity" August 18, 2021, https://www.prindlepost.org/2021/08/intellectual-property-and-the-right-of-necessity/ LHP AV DOA:9/14/21 AND right of necessity suggests a standing right to break many international medical patents. The right of necessity is a logical constraint on the coercive powers of the state – even if not ethical, reducing IP for life saving medicines is not in the jurisdiction of legal punishment – that would undermine the very foundation of the omnilateral will, Koch 92:Koch, Andrew M. "Immanuel Kant, The Right of Necessity, and the Liberal Foundation of Social Welfare" Southeastern Political Review, 20: 2 (Fall 1992) 295-314. https://libres.uncg.edu/ir/asu/f/koch'andrew'1992'Immanuel'Kant.pdf LHP AV DOA: 9/14/21 AND , the state's legal and coercive functions are inseparable from its welfare functions. Underview1~ 1ar theory –A~ the aff gets it – otherwise the neg can engage in infinite abuse, making debate impossibleB~ drop the debater because the 1ar is too short to win theory and substanceC~ no RVIs – the 2nr has enough time and the 2ar needs strategic flexibilityD~ Fairness is a voter – debate’s a game that requires objective evaluation – judges have obligations to vote for the better debater which fairness controls. It also controls truth value – absent fairness, args were not subject to contestation, so they only won their arg because they were unfair.2~ 1ar theory first –A~ Strat skew – short 2AR means I need to collapse to one layer to counter the long 2N collapseB~ Epistemic Indict – if the 1N was abusive then my ability to respond was skewed so you can’t truly evaluate the 1ncC~ Investment – it’s a much larger strategic loss because 1min is ¼ of the 1AR vs 1/7 of the 1NC which means there’s more abuse if I’m devoting a larger fraction of time3~ Presumption and permissibility affirm –A~ we presume statements true – if I said my name was Arjun, you would believe me absent evidence to the contraryB~ affirming is harder – the 1ar has to answer 7 minutes of offense and hedge against a 6 minute 2nr collapse and empirics – presumption is this card’s only implication, Shah 1-29,~Sachin Shah "A Statistical Analysis of the Impact of the Transition to Online Tournaments in Lincoln-Douglas Debate by Sachin Shah." January 29, 2021, http://nsdupdate.com/2021/a-statistical-analysis-of-the-impact-of-the-transition-to-online-tournaments-in-lincoln-douglas-debate-by-sachin-shah/~~ AND be structural and not topic specific as this analysis now includes 18 topics. ROBThe role of the ballot is to evaluate the truth or falsity of the resolution through a normatively justified framework via fair, safe, and educational arguments. No skep, no tricks, yes phil and yes theory. Prefer it –1~ Reciprocity – normative frameworks provide a reciprocal burden of justifying an obligation with the ability to turn them – other frameworks are arbitrarily impact exclusive and don’t articulate a 1-1 burden2~ Philosophy – only our role of the ballot incentivizes nuanced discussions over the interactions of different ethical theories. That comes first –A~ constitutivism – LD debate is a values debate which means the intrinsic purpose of the activity is philosophical discussionB~ hijacks any voter – the question of why those are good relies on philosophical justification, ie constitutivism or something.3~ Collapses – A~ any framing presupposes a motivation to vote one way or another which means all framings concede the validity of normativity B~ Ethics comes prior to logical truth, Peirce 02:CS Peirce, "CP 2.198" 1902, https://colorysemiotica.files.wordpress.com/2014/08/peirce-collectedpapers.pdf LHP AV AND it; but my labors will have done good work toward its improvement. | 10/16/21 |
SO21 - AC - Kant v09Tournament: Bronx | Round: 2 | Opponent: Millburn AX | Judge: Sesh Joe 1AC vs. Millburn AX1acFrameworkThe metaethic is practical reason –A~ Bindingness – Any obligation must not only tell us what is good, but why we ought to be good or else agents can reject the value of goodness itself. That means ethics must start with what is constitutive of agents since it traces obligations to features that are intrinsic to being an agent – as an agent you must follow certain rules. Only practical agency is constitutive since agents can use rationality to decide against other values but the act of deciding to reject practical agency engages in it.B~ Action theory – every moral analysis requires an action to evaluate, but actions are infinitely divisible into smaller meaningless movements. The act of stealing can be reduced to going to a house, entering, grabbing things, and leaving, all of which are distinct actions without moral value. Only the practical decision to steal ties these actions together to give them any moral value.That justifies universalizability.A~ The principle of equality is true since anything else assigns moral value to contingent factors like identity and justifies racism, and the principle of non-contradiction is true since 2+2 can’t equal 4 for me and not for you meaning ethical statements true for one must be true for all.B~ Ethics must be defined a priori because of the is ought gap – experience only tells us what is since that’s what we perceive, not what ought to be. But it’s impossible to derive an ought from descriptive premises, so there needs to be additional a priori premises to make a moral theory. Applying reason to a priori truth results in universal obligations.Coercion isn’t universalizable—willing your own freedom while violating someone else’s is a conceptual contradiction.Engstrom ~Stephen Engstrom, (Professor of Philosophy @ the University of Pittsburgh) "Universal Legislation as the Form of Practical Knowledge" http://www.academia.edu/4512762/Universal'Legislation'As'the'Form'of'Practical'Knowledge, DOA:5-5-2018 WWBW~ AND a person’s outer freedom is incompatible with the limitation of that same freedom. This requires a system of property – mere empirical possession is insufficient and contrary to freedom, Hogdson 10:Louis Philippe Hogdson, 2010, "Kant on Property Rights and the State" http://www.yorku.ca/lhodgson/kant-on-property-rights-and.pdf LHP AV AND them physically. Nothing more is required for the rest of our argument. However, we are rational and impulsive – this nonideal situation requires a state with coercive authority that secures equal outer freedom and property, Koch 92:*bracketed for gendered language* Koch, Andrew M. "Immanuel Kant, The Right of Necessity, and the Liberal Foundation of Social Welfare" Southeastern Political Review, 20: 2 (Fall 1992) 295-314. https://libres.uncg.edu/ir/asu/f/koch'andrew'1992'Immanuel'Kant.pdf LHP AV DOA: 9/14/21 AND force to compel compliance to the laws which protect the freedom of all. Thus, the standard is consistency with a system of equal outer freedom.Impact calc – reject consequentialism1~ Culpability – actors can only be culpable for their rational decision, not the outcomes. Anything else means actors have no control over the morality of decisions meaning it is impossible for them to be obligated to act.2~ Consequences are infinite – opening a door could one day cause nuke war through an endless chain or shooting someone may end up saving lives – unpredictability means they are not a stable basis for ethics which freezes action since agents never know what action to take3~ Aggregation fails – there is no one for whom aggregate good is good-for. Korsgaard:Christine Korsgaard, "The Origin of the Good and Our Animal Nature" Harvard, n.d. RE AND , is better captured by the third theory I am about to describe. Prefer additionally,1~ An intrinsic feature to any action is the acceptance of the goodness of universal freedom, Gewirth 84 bracketed for grammar and gendered language~Alan Gewirth, () "The Ontological Basis of Natural Law: A Critique and an Alternative" American Journal Of Jurisprudence: Vol. 29: Iss. 1 Article 5, 1984, https://scholarship.law.nd.edu/ajj/vol29/iss1/5/, DOA:9-10-2018 WWBW Recut LHP AV~ AND consistency with the material consideration of the generic features and rights of action. 2~ Agency requires deliberation to choose what actions to take which creates a practical identity identical for every agent. It is the only form of ontology that can account for every individual, making it the only identity that can create obligations.Christine M. Korsgaard, 1992 AND identity, your nature; your obligations spring from what that identity forbids. Impacts: A~ Since obligations arise from a universal identity, they must be the same for all, B~ hijacks any role of the judge since judging is an identity contained within the practical one3~ transcendental idealism – there’s a distinction between the noumenal world and the phenomenal world – freedom, as noumenal and undetermined by natural laws, is the supreme principle of ethics, Korsgaard 96:Korsgaard, Christine. "Creating The Kingdom of Ends: Reciprocity and Responsibility in Personal Relations." (p. 317-318). July 28, 1996 Recut LHP AV AND it is better regarded as something we say not about but to her. ContentionPlan: The member nations of the World Trade Organization ought to eliminate patent protections for life-saving medicines. Rizvi 20:Husna Rizvi, "WHAT IF…DRUG PATENTS WERE SCRAPPED?" 24 June 2020, https://newint.org/features/2020/06/11/what-if-drug-patents-were-scrapped LHP AV DOA: 9/17/21 AND add: ‘the final goal cannot be anything short of abolition.’ Life saving drugs are ones that reduce mortality chances, Mohamed 21:Mohamed, Esraa and Habbani, Khalid and Awad, Mousnad. (2021). Life-saving Drugs in Sudan: A Matter of Definitions and Concepts. American Journal of Epidemiology. 4. 1-9. 10.37871/ajeph. LHP AV Vote aff –1~ IP rights violate an individual’s actual right to property and the grounds on which they are justified,Cernea and Uszkai 12 Cernea, Mihail-Valentin, and Radu Uszkai. The Clash between Global Justice and Pharmaceutical Patents: A Critical Analysis. 2012, the-clash-between-global-justice-and-drug-patents-a-critical-analysis.pdf. SJEP AND use of tangible objects which we acquired fully in line with market rules. 2~ Right of necessity – nations can legitimately break patents in order to produce life-saving medicines, Bierson 21:Marshall Bierson, ~Marshall is currently completing his PhD in Philosophy at Florida State University. His primarily studies the intersection of ethics and the nature of persons. Outside of Academia, Marshall also directs curricular design for high school debate camps with the Victory Briefs Institute.~ "Intellectual Property and the Right of Necessity" August 18, 2021, https://www.prindlepost.org/2021/08/intellectual-property-and-the-right-of-necessity/ LHP AV DOA:9/14/21 AND right of necessity suggests a standing right to break many international medical patents. The right of necessity is a logical constraint on the coercive powers of the state – even if not ethical, reducing IP for life saving medicines is not in the jurisdiction of legal punishment – that would undermine the very foundation of the omnilateral will, Koch 92:Koch, Andrew M. "Immanuel Kant, The Right of Necessity, and the Liberal Foundation of Social Welfare" Southeastern Political Review, 20: 2 (Fall 1992) 295-314. https://libres.uncg.edu/ir/asu/f/koch'andrew'1992'Immanuel'Kant.pdf LHP AV DOA: 9/14/21 AND , the state's legal and coercive functions are inseparable from its welfare functions. Underview1~ 1ar theory –A~ the aff gets it – otherwise the neg can engage in infinite abuse, making debate impossibleB~ drop the debater because the 1ar is too short to win theory and substanceC~ no RVIs – the 2nr has enough time and the 2ar needs strategic flexibilityD~ Fairness is a voter – debate’s a game that requires objective evaluation – judges have obligations to vote for the better debater which fairness controls. It also controls truth value – absent fairness, args were not subject to contestation, so they only won their arg because they were unfair.2~ 1ar theory first –A~ Strat skew – short 2AR means I need to collapse to one layer to counter the long 2N collapseB~ Epistemic Indict – if the 1N was abusive then my ability to respond was skewed so you can’t truly evaluate the 1nc3~ Presumption and permissibility affirm –A~ we presume statements true – if I said my name was Arjun, you would believe me absent evidence to the contraryB~ affirming is harder – the 1ar has to answer 7 minutes of offense and hedge against a 6 minute 2nr collapse and empirics – presumption is this card’s only implication, Shah 1-29,~Sachin Shah "A Statistical Analysis of the Impact of the Transition to Online Tournaments in Lincoln-Douglas Debate by Sachin Shah." January 29, 2021, http://nsdupdate.com/2021/a-statistical-analysis-of-the-impact-of-the-transition-to-online-tournaments-in-lincoln-douglas-debate-by-sachin-shah/~~ AND be structural and not topic specific as this analysis now includes 18 topics. ROBThe role of the ballot is to evaluate the truth or falsity of the resolution through a normatively justified framework via fair, safe, and educational arguments. No skep, no tricks, yes phil and yes theory. Prefer it –1~ Reciprocity – normative frameworks provide a reciprocal burden of justifying an obligation with the ability to turn them – other frameworks are arbitrarily impact exclusive and don’t articulate a 1-1 burden2~ Philosophy – only our role of the ballot incentivizes nuanced discussions over the interactions of different ethical theories. That comes first –A~ constitutivism – LD debate is a values debate which means the intrinsic purpose of the activity is philosophical discussionB~ hijacks any voter – the question of why those are good relies on philosophical justification, ie constitutivism or something.3~ Collapses – A~ any framing presupposes a motivation to vote one way or another which means all framings concede the validity of normativity | 10/16/21 |
SO21 - AC - Kant v10Tournament: Bronx | Round: 3 | Opponent: Walt Whitman EY | Judge: Conal Thomas-McGinnis 1acFrameworkThe meta-ethic is practical reason.A~ Bindingness – Any obligation must not only tell us what is good, but why we ought to be good or else agents can reject the value of goodness itself. That means ethics must start with what is constitutive of agents since it traces obligations to features that are intrinsic to being an agent – as an agent you must follow certain rules. Only practical agency is constitutive since agents can use rationality to decide against other values but the act of deciding to reject practical agency engages in it.B~ Action theory – every moral analysis requires an action to evaluate, but actions are infinitely divisible into smaller meaningless movements. The act of stealing can be reduced to going to a house, entering, grabbing things, and leaving, all of which are distinct actions without moral value. Only the practical decision to steal ties these actions together to give them any moral value.That justifies universalizability.A~ The principle of equality is true since anything else assigns moral value to contingent factors like identity and justifies racism, and the principle of non-contradiction is true since 2+2 can’t equal 4 for me and not for you meaning ethical statements true for one must be true for all.B~ Is ought gap – experience only tells us what is since that’s what we perceive, not what ought to be. But it’s impossible to derive an ought from descriptive premises, so there needs to be additional a priori premises to make a moral theory. Applying reason to a priori truth results in universal obligations.Coercion isn’t universalizable—willing your own freedom while violating someone else’s is a conceptual contradiction.Engstrom ~Stephen Engstrom, (Professor of Philosophy @ the University of Pittsburgh) "Universal Legislation as the Form of Practical Knowledge" http://www.academia.edu/4512762/Universal'Legislation'As'the'Form'of'Practical'Knowledge, DOA:5-5-2018 WWBW~ AND a person’s outer freedom is incompatible with the limitation of that same freedom. This requires a system of property – mere empirical possession is insufficient and contrary to freedom, Hogdson 10:Louis Philippe Hogdson, 2010, "Kant on Property Rights and the State" http://www.yorku.ca/lhodgson/kant-on-property-rights-and.pdf LHP AV AND them physically. Nothing more is required for the rest of our argument. However, we are rational and impulsive – this nonideal situation requires a state with coercive authority that secures equal outer freedom and property, Koch 92 bracketed for glang:*bracketed for gendered language* Koch, Andrew M. "Immanuel Kant, The Right of Necessity, and the Liberal Foundation of Social Welfare" Southeastern Political Review, 20: 2 (Fall 1992) 295-314. https://libres.uncg.edu/ir/asu/f/koch'andrew'1992'Immanuel'Kant.pdf LHP AV DOA: 9/14/21 AND force to compel compliance to the laws which protect the freedom of all. Thus, the standard is consistency with a system of equal and outer freedoms.Impact calc – reject consequentialism1~ Culpability – actors can only be culpable for their rational decision, not the outcomes. Anything else means actors have no control over the morality of decisions meaning it is impossible for them to be obligated to act.2~ Consequences are infinite – opening a door could one day cause nuke war through an endless chain or shooting someone may end up saving lives – unpredictability means they are not a stable basis for ethics which freezes action since agents never know what action to take3~ Aggregation fails – there is no one for whom aggregate good is good-for. Korsgaard:Christine Korsgaard, "The Origin of the Good and Our Animal Nature" Harvard, n.d. RE AND , is better captured by the third theory I am about to describe. Prefer additionally,1~ An intrinsic feature to any action is the acceptance of the goodness of universal freedom, Gewirth 84 bracketed for grammar and gendered language~Alan Gewirth, () "The Ontological Basis of Natural Law: A Critique and an Alternative" American Journal Of Jurisprudence: Vol. 29: Iss. 1 Article 5, 1984, https://scholarship.law.nd.edu/ajj/vol29/iss1/5/, DOA:9-10-2018 WWBW Recut LHP AV~ AND consistency with the material consideration of the generic features and rights of action. 2~ Agency requires deliberation to choose what actions to take which creates a practical identity identical for every agent. It is the only form of ontology that can account for every individual, making it the only identity that can create obligations.Christine M. Korsgaard, 1992 AND identity, your nature; your obligations spring from what that identity forbids. Impacts: A~ Since obligations arise from a universal identity, they must be the same for all, B~ hijacks any role of the judge since judging is an identity contained within the practical one3~ transcendental idealism – there’s a distinction between the noumenal world and the phenomenal world – freedom, as noumenal and undetermined by natural laws, is the supreme principle of ethics, Korsgaard 96:Korsgaard, Christine. "Creating The Kingdom of Ends: Reciprocity and Responsibility in Personal Relations." (p. 317-318). July 28, 1996 Recut LHP AV AND it is better regarded as something we say not about but to her. ContentionPlan: The member nations of the World Trade Organization ought to eliminate patent protections for life-saving medicines. Rizvi 20:Husna Rizvi, "WHAT IF…DRUG PATENTS WERE SCRAPPED?" 24 June 2020, https://newint.org/features/2020/06/11/what-if-drug-patents-were-scrapped LHP AV DOA: 9/17/21 AND add: ‘the final goal cannot be anything short of abolition.’ Life saving drugs are ones that reduce mortality chances, Mohamed 21:Mohamed, Esraa and Habbani, Khalid and Awad, Mousnad. (2021). Life-saving Drugs in Sudan: A Matter of Definitions and Concepts. American Journal of Epidemiology. 4. 1-9. 10.37871/ajeph. LHP AV Vote aff –1~ IP rights violate an individual’s actual right to property and the grounds on which they are justified,Cernea and Uszkai 12 Cernea, Mihail-Valentin, and Radu Uszkai. The Clash between Global Justice and Pharmaceutical Patents: A Critical Analysis. 2012, the-clash-between-global-justice-and-drug-patents-a-critical-analysis.pdf. SJEP AND use of tangible objects which we acquired fully in line with market rules. 2~ Right of necessity – nations can legitimately break patents in order to produce life-saving medicines, Bierson 21:Marshall Bierson, ~Marshall is currently completing his PhD in Philosophy at Florida State University. His primarily studies the intersection of ethics and the nature of persons. Outside of Academia, Marshall also directs curricular design for high school debate camps with the Victory Briefs Institute.~ "Intellectual Property and the Right of Necessity" August 18, 2021, https://www.prindlepost.org/2021/08/intellectual-property-and-the-right-of-necessity/ LHP AV DOA:9/14/21 AND right of necessity suggests a standing right to break many international medical patents. The right of necessity is a logical constraint on the coercive powers of the state – even if not ethical, reducing IP for life saving medicines is not in the jurisdiction of legal punishment – that would undermine the very foundation of the omnilateral will, Koch 92:Koch, Andrew M. "Immanuel Kant, The Right of Necessity, and the Liberal Foundation of Social Welfare" Southeastern Political Review, 20: 2 (Fall 1992) 295-314. https://libres.uncg.edu/ir/asu/f/koch'andrew'1992'Immanuel'Kant.pdf LHP AV DOA: 9/14/21 AND , the state's legal and coercive functions are inseparable from its welfare functions. Underview1~ 1ar theory –A~ the aff gets it – otherwise the neg can engage in infinite abuse, making debate impossibleB~ drop the debater because the 1ar is too short to win theory and substanceC~ no RVIs – the 2nr has enough time and the 2ar needs strategic flexibilityD~ Fairness is a voter – debate’s a game that requires objective evaluation – judges have obligations to vote for the better debater which fairness controls. It also controls truth value – absent fairness, args were not subject to contestation, so they only won their arg because they were unfair.2~ 1ar theory first –A~ Strat skew – short 2AR means I need to collapse to one layer to counter the long 2N collapseB~ Epistemic Indict – if the 1N was abusive then my ability to respond was skewed so you can’t truly evaluate the 1ncC~ Investment – it’s a much larger strategic loss because 1min is ¼ of the 1AR vs 1/7 of the 1NC which means there’s more abuse if I’m devoting a larger fraction of time3~ Presumption and permissibility affirm –A~ we presume statements true – if I said my name was Arjun, you would believe me absent evidence to the contraryB~ affirming is harder – the 1ar has to answer 7 minutes of offense and hedge against a 6 minute 2nr collapse and empirics – presumption is this card’s only implication, Shah 1-29,~Sachin Shah "A Statistical Analysis of the Impact of the Transition to Online Tournaments in Lincoln-Douglas Debate by Sachin Shah." January 29, 2021, http://nsdupdate.com/2021/a-statistical-analysis-of-the-impact-of-the-transition-to-online-tournaments-in-lincoln-douglas-debate-by-sachin-shah/~~ AND be structural and not topic specific as this analysis now includes 18 topics. ROBThe role of the ballot is to evaluate the truth or falsity of the resolution through a normatively justified framework via fair, safe, and educational arguments. no tricks, yes phil and yes theory. Prefer it –1~ Reciprocity – normative frameworks provide a reciprocal burden of justifying an obligation with the ability to turn them – other frameworks are arbitrarily impact exclusive and don’t articulate a 1-1 burden2~ Philosophy – only our role of the ballot incentivizes nuanced discussions over the interactions of different ethical theories. That comes first –A~ constitutivism – LD debate is a values debate which means the intrinsic purpose of the activity is philosophical discussionB~ hijacks any voter – the question of why those are good relies on philosophical justification, ie constitutivism or something. | 10/16/21 |
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